The following is a summary of the Company’s loans receivable and other lending investments by class ($ in thousands):

(1)	As of December 31, 2021, 100% of gross carrying value of construction loans had completed construction.

Allowance for Loan Losses—Changes in the Company’s allowance for loan losses were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 ($ in thousands):


	General Allowance
					Held to
	Construction				Maturity Debt		Specific
Year Ended December 31, 2021	Loans		Loans		Securities		Allowance		Total
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	6,541	$	1,643	$	3,093	$	743	$	12,020
Recovery of loan losses⁽¹⁾		(5,328)		(967)		(789)		(167)		(7,251)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$	1,213	$	676	$	2,304	$	576	$	4,769

Year Ended December 31, 2020
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	6,668	$	265	$	—	$	21,701	$	28,634
Adoption of new accounting standard⁽²⁾		(353)		98		20		—		(235)
Provision for loan losses⁽¹⁾		226		1,280		3,073		4,931		9,510
Charge-offs⁽³⁾		—		—		—		(25,889)		(25,889)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$	6,541	$	1,643	$	3,093	$	743	$	12,020

(1)

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a recovery of loan losses of $8.1 million in its consolidated statement of operations resulting from the repayment of loans during the period and an improving macroeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial real estate markets, of which $1.0 million related to a provision for credit losses for unfunded loan commitments and is recorded as a reduction to "Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities". During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $8.9 million in its consolidated statement of operations resulting from the macroeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial real estate markets, of which $1.5 million related to a recovery of credit losses for unfunded loan commitments and is recorded as a reduction to "Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities" and $0.9 million related to a provision on a non-performing loan that was recorded as a reduction to "Accrued interest and operating lease income receivable, net."

(2)

On January 1, 2020, the Company recorded an increase to its allowance for loan losses of $2.3 million upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13, of which $2.5 million related to expected credit losses for unfunded loan commitments and was recorded in "Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities."

(3)	During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company charged-off $25.9 million from the specific allowance due to the sale of a non-performing loan.

The Company’s investment in loans and other lending investments and the associated allowance for loan losses were as follows ($ in thousands):


	Individually		Collectively
	Evaluated for		Evaluated for
	Impairment⁽¹⁾		Impairment		Total
As of December 31, 2021
Construction loans⁽²⁾	$	59,640	$	125,621	$	185,261
Loans⁽²⁾		—		27,422		27,422
Held-to-maturity debt securities		—		96,838		96,838
Available-for-sale debt securities⁽³⁾		—		28,092		28,092
Less: Allowance for loan losses		(576)		(4,193)		(4,769)
Total	$	59,064	$	273,780	$	332,844
As of December 31, 2020
Construction loans⁽²⁾	$	53,305	$	461,528	$	514,833
Loans⁽²⁾		—		68,129		68,129
Held-to-maturity debt securities		—		90,715		90,715
Available-for-sale debt securities⁽³⁾		—		25,274		25,274
Less: Allowance for loan losses		(743)		(11,277)		(12,020)
Total	$	52,562	$	634,369	$	686,931

(1)

The carrying value of this loan includes an unamortized discount of $0.8 million and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s loans individually evaluated for impairment represent loans on non-accrual status and the unamortized amounts associated with these loans are not currently being amortized into income.

(2)	The carrying value of these loans includes an unamortized net discount of $0.2 million and $2.3 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(3)	Available-for-sale debt securities are evaluated for impairment under ASC 326-30 – Financial Instruments-Credit Losses.

Credit Characteristics—As part of the Company’s process for monitoring the credit quality of its loans, it performs a quarterly loan portfolio assessment and assigns risk ratings to each of its performing loans. Risk ratings, which range from 1 (lower risk) to 5 (higher risk), are based on judgments which are inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that actual performance will be similar to current expectation.

The Company’s amortized cost basis in performing senior mortgages, corporate/partnership loans, subordinate mortgages and financing receivables, presented by year of origination and by credit quality, as indicated by risk rating, was as follows as of December 31, 2021 ($ in thousands):


	Year of Origination
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior to 2017		Total
Senior mortgages
Risk rating
1.0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
1.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
2.0		—		—		—		11,909		—		—		11,909
2.5		—		—		—		52,161		—		—		52,161
3.0		—		—		—		58,522		—		3,056		61,578
3.5		—		—		—		14,320		—		—		14,320
4.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
4.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
5.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	136,912	$	—	$	3,056	$	139,968
Corporate/partnership loans
Risk rating
1.0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	618	$	—	$	—	$	618
1.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
2.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
2.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
3.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
3.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
4.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
4.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
5.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	618	$	—	$	—	$	618
Subordinate mortgages
Risk rating
1.0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
1.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
2.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
2.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
3.0		—		—		—		—		—		12,457		12,457
3.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
4.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
4.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
5.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	12,457	$	12,457
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	137,530	$	—	$	15,513	$	153,043

(1)	As of December 31, 2021, excludes $59.6 million for one loan on non-accrual status.

The Company’s amortized cost basis in loans, aged by payment status and presented by class, was as follows ($ in thousands):


			Less Than		Greater
			or Equal		Than		Total
	Current		to 90 Days		90 Days		Past Due		Total
As of December 31, 2021
Senior mortgages	$	139,968	$	—	$	59,640		59,640	$	199,608
Corporate/Partnership loans		618		—		—		—		618
Subordinate mortgages		12,457		—		—		—		12,457
Total	$	153,043	$	—	$	59,640	$	59,640	$	212,683
As of December 31, 2020
Senior mortgages	$	443,154	$	42,501	$	—	$	42,501	$	485,655
Corporate/Partnership loans		42,721		42,946		—		42,946		85,667
Subordinate mortgages		11,640		—		—		—		11,640
Total	$	497,515	$	85,447	$	—	$	85,447	$	582,962

Impaired Loans—In the fourth quarter 2020, the Company sold a non-performing loan with a carrying value of $15.2 million and received proceeds of $11.0 million. In addition, the Company recorded a $4.2 million loan loss provision and simultaneously charged-off of the remaining unpaid balance.

The Company’s impaired loans, presented by class, were as follows ($ in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2021						As of December 31, 2020
			Unpaid						Unpaid
	Amortized		Principal		Related		Amortized		Principal		Related
	Cost		Balance		Allowance		Cost		Balance		Allowance
With an allowance recorded:
Senior mortgages⁽¹⁾	$	59,640	$	58,888	$	(576)	$	53,305	$	52,552	$	(743)
Total	$	59,640	$	58,888	$	(576)	$	53,305	$	52,552	$	(743)

(1)	The Company has one non-accrual loan as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 that is considered impaired and included in the table above. The Company did not record any interest income on impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

The Company’s average recorded investment in impaired loans and interest income recognized, presented by class, was as follows ($ in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2021				2020				2019
	Average		Interest		Average		Interest		Average		Interest
	Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized
With an allowance recorded:
Senior mortgages	$	57,853	$	—	$	50,205	$	2,145	$	38,556	$	—
Total	$	57,853	$	—	$	50,205	$	2,145	$	38,556	$	—

Loans receivable held for sale—In March 2021, the Company acquired land and simultaneously structured and entered into with the seller a Ground Lease on which a multi-family project will be constructed. The Company funded $16.1 million at closing and the Ground Lease documents provided for future funding obligations to the Ground Lease tenant of approximately $11.9 million of deferred purchase price and $52.0 million of leasehold improvement allowance upon achievement of certain milestones. At closing, the Company entered into an agreement with SAFE pursuant to which, subject to certain conditions being met, SAFE would acquire the ground lessor entity from the Company. The Company determined that the transaction did not qualify as a sale leaseback transaction and recorded the Ground Lease in “Loans receivable held for sale” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Subsequent to closing, the Company funded approximately $6.0 million of the deferred purchase price to the Ground Lease tenant. The Company sold the ground

lessor entity (and SAFE assumed all future funding obligations to the Ground Lease tenant) to SAFE in September 2021 for $22.1 million and recorded no gain or loss on the sale.

In June 2021, the Company acquired a parcel of land for $42.0 million and simultaneously entered into a Ground Lease (refer to Note 5). The Company also concurrently entered into an agreement pursuant to which SAFE would acquire the Ground Lease from the Company. The Ground Lease was entered into with the seller of the land and did not qualify for sale leaseback accounting, and as such, was accounted for as a financing transaction and $42.0 million was recorded in “Loans receivable held for sale” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at the time of acquisition.

Other lending investments—Other lending investments includes the following securities ($ in thousands):


					Net				Net
			Amortized		Unrealized		Estimated		Carrying
	Face Value		Cost Basis		Gain		Fair Value		Value
As of December 31, 2021
Available-for-Sale Securities
Municipal debt securities	$	23,855	$	23,855	$	4,237	$	28,092	$	28,092
Held-to-Maturity Securities
Debt securities		100,000		96,838		—		96,838		96,838
Total	$	123,855	$	120,693	$	4,237	$	124,930	$	124,930
As of December 31, 2020
Available-for-Sale Securities
Municipal debt securities	$	20,680	$	20,680	$	4,594	$	25,274	$	25,274
Held-to-Maturity Securities
Debt securities		100,000		90,715		—		90,715		90,715
Total	$	120,680	$	111,395	$	4,594	$	115,989	$	115,989

As of December 31, 2021, the contractual maturities of the Company’s securities were as follows ($ in thousands):


	Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities				Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
	Amortized		Estimated		Amortized		Estimated
	Cost Basis		Fair Value		Cost Basis		Fair Value
Maturities
Within one year	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
After one year through 5 years		96,838		96,838		—		—
After 5 years through 10 years		—		—		—		—
After 10 years		—		—		23,855		28,092
Total	$	96,838	$	96,838	$	23,855	$	28,092