Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to be used in valuation techniques to measure fair value:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

Certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value either on a recurring or non-recurring basis. Assets required to be marked-to-market and reported at fair value every reporting period are classified as being valued on a recurring basis. Assets not required to be recorded at fair value every period may be recorded at fair value if a specific provision or other impairment is recorded within the period to mark the carrying value of the asset to market as of the reporting date. Such assets are classified as being valued on a non-recurring basis.

The following fair value hierarchy table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis by the above categories ($ in thousands):

(1)

The fair value of the Company’s derivatives are based upon widely accepted valuation techniques utilized by a third-party specialist using observable inputs such as interest rates and contractual cash flow and are classified as Level 2. The fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale securities are based upon unadjusted third-party broker quotes and are classified as Level 3.

(2)	The Company recorded a $0.4 million impairment on an operating property held for sale with an estimated fair value of $1.7 million. The estimated fair value is based on an executed sales contract with a third party.

(3)	During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company identified an observable price change in an equity security held by the Company as evidenced by an orderly private issuance of similar securities by the same issuer and, as such, classified such observable price change as Level 2.

(4)	The Company recorded a $1.3 million impairment on a land and development asset with an estimated fair value of $6.1 million. The estimated fair value is based on future cash flows expected to be received.

The following table summarizes changes in Level 3 available-for-sale securities reported at fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 ($ in thousands):


	2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	25,274	$	23,896
Purchases		3,375		—
Repayments		(201)		(460)
Unrealized gains (losses) recorded in other comprehensive income		(913)		1,195
Ending balance	$	27,535	$	24,631

Fair values of financial instruments—The following table presents the carrying value and fair value for the Company’s financial instruments ($ in millions):


	As of September 30, 2021				As of December 31, 2020
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Value		Value		Value		Value
Net investment in leases⁽¹⁾	$	477	$	497	$	429	$	431
Loans receivable and other lending investments, net⁽¹⁾		406		436		732		772
Cash and cash equivalents⁽²⁾		299		299		99		99
Restricted cash⁽²⁾		56		56		52		52
Loan participations payable, net⁽¹⁾		—		—		43		43
Debt obligations, net⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾		3,283		3,643		3,287		3,414

(1)	The fair value of the Company’s net investment in leases, loans receivable and other lending investments, net, loan participations payable, net and debt obligations, net are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(2)

The Company determined the carrying values of its cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash approximated their fair values. Restricted cash is recorded in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” on the Company’s balance sheet. The fair value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.

(3)	As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the fair value of the Company’s 3.125% Senior Convertible Notes was $527.2 million and $338.8 million, respectively.