INCOME TAXES

Income Before Income Taxes

The components of income before income taxes are as follows:



Year Ended June 30,	2019			2018		2017
U.S.	$	204,462		$	186,874	$	154,472
Foreign	(9,981		)	17,844		12,494
Income before income taxes	$	194,481		$	204,718	$	166,966

Provision

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of:



Year Ended June 30,	2019			2018			2017
Current:
Federal	$	34,437		$	48,131		$	26,456
State and local	7,965			8,038			4,692
Foreign	5,718			5,309			4,760
Total current	48,120			61,478			35,908
Deferred:
Federal	6,265			5,955			852
State and local	1,947			(586		)	535
Foreign	(5,844		)	(3,754		)	(4,239		)
Total deferred	2,368			1,615			(2,852		)
Total	$	50,488		$	63,093		$	33,056

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") was enacted in the U.S., making significant changes to U.S. tax law. The Act reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, required companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, generally eliminated U.S. federal income tax on dividends from foreign subsidiaries, and created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings. During fiscal 2018, the Company revised its estimated annual effective tax rate to reflect the change in the federal statutory rate from 35% to 21%. The rate change was administratively effective as of the beginning of the Company's fiscal year, resulting in a blended statutory rate for fiscal 2018 of 28.06%.

The SEC staff issued SAB 118, which provided guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 was incomplete. To the extent that a company's accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act was incomplete but it was able to determine a reasonable estimate, it was required to record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company could not determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before enactment of the Act. According to SAB 118, the Company recorded a provisional tax expense of $3,877 related to the one-time transition tax on certain unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries and recorded a provisional tax expense of $2,414 related to the re-measurement of deferred tax balances in fiscal 2018. During fiscal 2019, the Company completed its accounting of the Act. Accordingly, the Company recorded adjustments in fiscal 2019 totaling $2,403 to reduce the tax liability related to the one-time transition tax.

Effective Tax Rates

The following reconciles the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate:



Year Ended June 30,	2019		2018		2017
Statutory income tax rate	21.0	%	28.1	%	35.0	%
Effects of:
State and local taxes	4.4		3.1		2.8
U.S. federal tax reform	(0.3	)	3.1		—
Worthless stock deduction	—		—		(13.9	)
Stock compensation	(0.5	)	(0.4	)	(1.4	)
GILTI/FDII	0.7		—		—
U.S. tax on foreign income, net	0.5		—		—
Impact of foreign operations	(1.8	)	(1.3	)	(2.3	)
Deductible dividend	(0.2	)	(0.3	)	(0.4	)
Valuation allowance	2.9		(0.9	)	0.3
Other, net	(0.7	)	(0.6	)	(0.3	)
Effective income tax rate	26.0	%	30.8	%	19.8	%

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:



June 30,	2019			2018
Deferred tax assets:
Compensation liabilities not currently deductible	$	17,401		$	19,334
Other expenses and reserves not currently deductible	13,050			13,169
Goodwill and intangibles	2,398			3,197
Foreign tax credit	—			413
Net operating loss carryforwards	8,466			11,315
Hedging instrument	3,498			—
Other	1,173			199
Total deferred tax assets	45,986			47,627
Less: Valuation allowance	(5,597		)	(38		)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance	40,389			47,589
Deferred tax liabilities:
Inventories	(8,600		)	(8,196		)
Goodwill and intangibles	(75,504		)	(86,176		)
Depreciation and differences in property bases	(10,777		)	(9,294		)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(94,881		)	(103,666		)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(54,492	)	$	(56,077	)
Net deferred tax liabilities are classified as follows:
Other assets	$	3,859		$	2,103
Other liabilities	(58,351		)	(58,180		)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(54,492	)	$	(56,077	)

As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company had foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $27,024 and $21,668, respectively, which will expire at various dates beginning in 2033. Also as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company had state net operating loss carryforwards, the tax benefit of which is approximately $2,098 and $1,549 respectively, which will expire at various dates beginning in 2027.

Valuation allowances are provided against deferred tax assets where it is considered more-likely-than-not that the Company will not realize the benefit of such assets. The remaining net deferred tax asset is the amount management believes is more-likely-than-not of being realized. The realization of these deferred tax assets can be impacted by changes to tax laws, statutory tax rates and future income levels. During the year ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $5,559 related to certain deferred tax assets in Canada due to the uncertainty in realizing these net deferred tax assets.

As of June 30, 2019, the Company has accumulated undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries of approximately $107,277. Because $95,400 of such earnings have previously been subject to the one-time transition tax required by the Act, any additional taxes due with respect to such earnings or the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of our foreign investments would generally be limited to foreign withholding and state income taxes. The amount of the unrecognized tax liability with respect to the distribution of such earnings is estimated to be approximately $2,795. In addition, we expect foreign tax credits would be available to either offset or partially reduce the tax cost in the event of a distribution. We intend, however, to indefinitely reinvest these earnings and expect future U.S. cash generation to be sufficient to meet future U.S. cash needs.

Unrecognized Income Tax Benefits

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in U.S. federal, various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. The following table sets forth the changes in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended June 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017:



Year Ended June 30,	2019			2018			2017
Unrecognized Income Tax Benefits at beginning of the year	$	3,988		$	3,533		$	2,915
Current year tax positions	105			143			574
Prior year tax positions	1,151			636			259
Expirations of statutes of limitations	(265		)	(324		)	(189		)
Settlements	—			—			(26		)
Unrecognized Income Tax Benefits at end of year	$	4,979		$	3,988		$	3,533

Included in the balance of unrecognized income tax benefits at June 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 are $4,701, $3,725, and $3,323, respectively, of income tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective income tax rate.

During 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Company recognized $161, $(110), and $163 of expense (benefit), respectively, for interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits in its statements of consolidated income. The Company had a liability for penalties and interest of $838 and $677 as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company does not anticipate a significant change to the total amount of unrecognized income tax benefits within the next twelve months.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for the tax years 2016 through 2019 and to state and local income tax examinations for the tax years 2013 through 2019. In addition, the Company is subject to foreign income tax examinations for the tax years 2012 through 2019.

The Company’s unrecognized income tax benefits are included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets since payment of cash is not expected within one year, or as a reduction of a deferred tax asset.