F-10/A

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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 14, 2016.

Registration No. 333-213985

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Amendment No. 1
to

FORM F-10

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

British Columbia
(Province or other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization) 1099
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number) Not Applicable
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number,
if applicable)

Bentall Tower 5, 550 Burrard Street, Suite 788, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 2B5, (604) 899-5450
(Address and telephone number of Registrant's principal executive offices)

DL Services Inc., 701 Fifth Avenue, Suite 6100, Seattle, WA 98104, (206) 903-8800
(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone number (including area code) of agent for service in the United States)

Copies to:

Christopher L. Doerksen
Dorsey & Whitney LLP
701 Fifth Avenue
Suite 6100
Seattle, WA 98104
USA
(206) 903-8800

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public:
From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

Province of British Columbia
(Principal jurisdiction regulating this offering)

It is proposed that this filing shall become effective (check appropriate box below):

A.	o	upon filing with the Commission, pursuant to Rule 467(a) (if in connection with an offering being made contemporaneously in the United States and Canada).
B.	ý	at some future date (check the appropriate box below)
	1.	o pursuant to Rule 467(b) on (            ) at (            ) (designate a time not sooner than 7 calendar days after filing).
	2.	o pursuant to Rule 467(b) on (            ) at (            ) (designate a time 7 calendar days or sooner after filing) because the securities regulatory authority in the review jurisdiction has issued a receipt or notification of clearance on (            ).
	3.	ý pursuant to Rule 467(b) as soon as practicable after notification of the Commission by the Registrant or the Canadian securities regulatory authority of the review jurisdiction that a receipt or notification of clearance has been issued with respect hereto.
	4.	o after the filing of the next amendment to this Form (if preliminary material is being filed).

            If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to the home jurisdiction's shelf prospectus offering procedures, check the following box. ý

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registration Statement shall become effective as provided in Rule 467 under the Securities Act of 1933 or on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a) of the Act, may determine.

PART I

INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BE DELIVERED TO OFFEREES OR PURCHASERS

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Information has been incorporated by reference in this short form base shelf prospectus from documents filed with securities commissions or similar authorities in Canada. Copies of the documents incorporated herein by reference may be obtained on request, without charge, from the Corporate Secretary of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. at Suite 788, 550 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 2B5, telephone (604) 899-5450 and are also available electronically at www.sedar.com.

SHORT FORM BASE SHELF PROSPECTUS

NEW ISSUE OCTOBER 14, 2016

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.

US$250,000,000

Common Shares
Debt Securities
Warrants
Subscription Receipts
Units

         Platinum Group Metals Ltd. (the "Company") may offer and sell, from time to time (the "Offerings"), common shares of the Company ("Common Shares"), debt securities ("Debt Securities"), warrants to purchase Common Shares ("Warrants"), subscription receipts ("Subscription Receipts") or any combination of such securities ("Units") (all of the foregoing collectively, the "Securities") up to an aggregate initial offering price of US$250,000,000 (or its equivalent in Canadian dollars) during the 25-month period that this short form base shelf prospectus (this "Prospectus"), including any amendments hereto, remains effective. Securities may be offered in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined based on market conditions at the time of sale and set forth in an accompanying prospectus supplement (a "Prospectus Supplement"). In addition, Securities may be offered and issued in consideration for the acquisition of other businesses, assets or securities by us or one of our subsidiaries. The consideration for any such acquisition may consist of any of the Securities separately, a combination of Securities or any combination of among other things, Securities, cash and assumption of liabilities.

Investing in the Securities involves significant risks. Prospective investors should carefully consider the risk factors described under the heading "Risk Factors" in this Prospectus, in the applicable Prospectus Supplement with respect to a particular Offering and in the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein.

The Offerings are made by a Canadian issuer that is permitted under a multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by securities regulatory authorities in Canada and the United States (the "MJDS") to prepare this Prospectus in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements. Prospective investors in the United States should be aware that such requirements are different from those applicable to issuers in the United States. Financial statements incorporated herein by reference have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IFRS"), and may be subject to Canadian auditing and auditor independence standards, and thus may not be comparable to financial statements of United States companies.

Prospective investors should be aware that the acquisition of the Securities may have tax consequences both in the United States and in Canada. Such consequences for investors who are resident in, or citizens of, the United States or who are resident in Canada may not be described fully herein or in any applicable Prospectus Supplement. Prospective investors should read the tax discussion contained in the applicable Prospectus Supplement with respect to a particular Offering and consult their own tax advisors with respect to their own particular circumstances.

The enforcement by investors of civil liabilities under the U.S. federal securities laws may be affected adversely by the fact that the Company is incorporated or organized under the laws of British Columbia, Canada, that the majority of the Company's officers and directors and some or all of the experts named in this Prospectus are residents of a country other than the United States, and that a substantial portion of the assets of the Company and said persons are located outside the United States.

Neither the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") nor any state or Canadian securities regulator has approved or disapproved of the Securities, passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

No underwriter has been involved in the preparation of this Prospectus or performed any review of the content of this Prospectus.

         The specific terms of the Securities with respect to a particular Offering will be set out in the applicable Prospectus Supplement and may include, where applicable (i) in the case of Common Shares, the number of Common Shares offered, the offering price, whether the Common Shares are being offered for cash, and any other terms specific to the Common Shares being offered, (ii) in the case of Debt Securities, the specific designation, the aggregate principal amount, the currency or the currency unit for which the Debt Securities may be purchased, the maturity, the interest provisions, the authorized denominations, the offering price, whether the Debt Securities are being offered for cash, the covenants, the events of default, any terms for redemption or retraction, any exchange or conversion rights attached to the Debt Securities and any other terms specific to the Debt Securities being offered, (iii) in the case of Warrants, the offering price, whether the Warrants are being offered for cash, the designation, the number and the terms of the Common Shares or Debt Securities purchasable upon exercise of the Warrants, any procedures that will result in the adjustment of these numbers, the exercise price, the dates and periods of exercise, the currency in which the Warrants are issued and any other terms specific to the Warrants being offered, (iv) in the case of Subscription Receipts, the number of Subscription Receipts being offered, the offering price, whether the Subscription Receipts are being offered for cash, the procedures for the exchange of the Subscription Receipts for Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants, as the case may be, and any other terms specific to the Subscription Receipts being offered, and (v) in the case of Units, the designation, number and terms of the Common Shares, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Debt Securities comprising the Units. Where required by statute, regulation or policy, and where Securities are offered in currencies other than Canadian dollars, appropriate disclosure of foreign exchange rates applicable to the Securities will be included in the Prospectus Supplement describing the Securities.

         This Prospectus does not qualify for issuance debt securities in respect of which the payment of principal and/or interest may be determined, in whole or in part, by reference to one or more underlying interests, including, for example, an equity or debt security, or a statistical measure of economic or financial performance (including, but not limited to, any currency, consumer price or mortgage index, or the price or value of one or more commodities, indices or other items, or any other item or formula, or any combination or basket of the foregoing items). For greater certainty, this Prospectus may qualify for issuance debt securities, including Debt Securities convertible into other Securities, in respect of which the payment of principal and/or interest may be determined, in whole or in part, by reference to published rates of a central banking authority or one or more financial institutions, such as a prime rate or bankers' acceptance rate, or to recognized market benchmark interest rates such as LIBOR, EURIBOR or a U.S. federal funds rate.

         All shelf information permitted under applicable laws to be omitted from this Prospectus will be contained in one or more Prospectus Supplements that will be delivered to purchasers together with this Prospectus. Each Prospectus Supplement will be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus for the purposes of securities legislation as of the date of the Prospectus Supplement and only for the purposes of the distribution of the Securities to which the Prospectus Supplement pertains.

         This Prospectus constitutes a public offering of the Securities only in those jurisdictions where they may be lawfully offered for sale and only by persons permitted to sell the Securities in such jurisdictions. We may offer and sell Securities to, or through, underwriters or dealers, directly to one or more other purchasers, or through agents pursuant to exemptions from registration or qualification under applicable securities laws. A Prospectus Supplement relating to each issue of Securities will set forth the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents involved in the Offering and sale of the Securities and will set forth the terms of the Offering, the method of distribution of the Securities, including, to the extent applicable, the proceeds to us and any fees, discounts, concessions or other compensation payable to the underwriters, dealers or agents, and any other material terms of the plan of distribution.

         In connection with any Offerings, the underwriters or agents may over-allot or effect transactions which stabilize or maintain the market price of the Securities offered at a higher level than that which might exist in the open market. Such transaction, if commenced, may be interrupted or discontinued at any time. See "Plan of Distribution".

         Our outstanding Common Shares are listed and posted for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange (the "TSX") under the symbol "PTM" and on the NYSE MKT, LLC (the "NYSE MKT") under the symbol "PLG". On October 13, 2016, the last trading day of the Common Shares prior to the date of this Prospectus, the closing price of the Common Shares on the TSX and NYSE MKT was CAN$2.71 and US$2.07, respectively. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Debt Securities, the Warrants, the Subscription Receipts and the Units will not be listed on any securities exchange. There is no market through which these Securities may be sold and purchasers may not be able to resell these Securities purchased under this Prospectus. This may affect the pricing of these Securities in the secondary market, the transparency and availability of trading prices, the liquidity of these Securities, and the extent of issuer regulation. See "Risk Factors".

         Our head office is located at Suite 788, 550 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 2B5. Our registered and records office is located at Suite 2300, 550 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 2B5.

         Each of Diana Walters, a director of the Company, and Charles Muller, Gert Roets and Gordon Cunningham, each of whom is a named expert in this Prospectus, resides outside of Canada and has appointed Platinum Group Metals Ltd., Suite 788, 550 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 2B5 as their agent for service of process in Canada. Prospective investors are advised that it may not be possible for investors to enforce judgments obtained in Canada against Ms. Walters, Mr. Muller, Mr. Roets and Mr. Cunningham, even though they have appointed an agent for service of process.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
CAUTIONARY NOTE TO UNITED STATES INVESTORS	1
RESERVE AND RESOURCE DISCLOSURE	1
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	2
CURRENCY PRESENTATION AND EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION	4
NOTICE REGARDING NON-IFRS MEASURES	6
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE	6
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION	8
DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT	9
BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY	10
RISK FACTORS	20
USE OF PROCEEDS	45
EARNINGS COVERAGE RATIO	45
CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION	45
DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING INDEBTEDNESS	45
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION	45
PRIOR SALES	46
PRICE RANGE AND TRADING VOLUME	47
DIVIDEND POLICY	48
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES	48
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES	48
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS	54
DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS	55
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS	56
CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS	56
LEGAL MATTERS	56
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR	56
INTEREST OF EXPERTS	56
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR	57
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES	57

You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any applicable Prospectus Supplement in connection with an investment in the Securities. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of the Securities in any jurisdiction where such offer is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement is accurate only as of the date on the front of those documents and that information contained in any document incorporated by reference herein or therein is accurate only as of the date of that document unless specified otherwise. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

        In this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "we", "our", "us" and the "Company" refer to Platinum Group Metals Ltd. and our direct and indirect subsidiaries.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE TO UNITED STATES INVESTORS

        We are permitted under the MJDS to prepare this Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement, and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein in accordance with the requirements of Canadian securities laws, which differ from the requirements of United States securities laws. All mineral resource and reserve estimates included in this Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, have been or will be prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 — Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects ("NI 43-101"). NI 43-101 is a rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators that establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects. These standards differ significantly from the mineral reserve disclosure requirements of the SEC set out in Industry Guide 7. Consequently, mineral reserve and mineral resource information included and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement is not comparable to similar information that would generally be disclosed by U.S. companies in accordance with the rules of the SEC.

        In particular, Industry Guide 7 applies different standards in order to classify mineralization as a reserve. As a result, the definitions of proven and probable mineral reserves used in NI 43-101 differ from the definitions in Industry Guide 7. Under SEC standards, mineralization may not be classified as a "reserve" unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted at the time the reserve determination is made. Among other things, all necessary permits would be required to be in hand or issued imminently in order to classify mineralized material as reserves under the SEC standards. Accordingly, mineral reserve estimates included and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement may not qualify as "reserves" under SEC standards.

        In addition, the information included and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement may use the terms "mineral resources", "measured mineral resources", "indicated mineral resources" and "inferred mineral resources" to comply with the reporting standards in Canada. Industry Guide 7 does not currently recognize mineral resources and U.S. companies are generally not permitted to disclose mineral resources in documents they file with the SEC. Investors are specifically cautioned not to assume that any part or all of the mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into mineral reserves under Industry Guide 7. Further, "inferred mineral resources" have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to whether they can be mined legally or economically. Therefore, investors are also cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource exists. In accordance with Canadian rules, estimates of "inferred mineral resources" cannot form the basis of feasibility or, except in limited circumstances, other economic studies. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of "measured mineral resources", "indicated mineral resources" or "inferred mineral resources" will ever be upgraded to a higher category or mineral resources or that mineral resources will be classified as mineral reserves. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part of the reported "measured mineral resources", "indicated mineral resources" or "inferred mineral resources" included and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement is economically or legally mineable. Disclosure of "contained ounces" in a resource is permitted under NI 43-101; however, the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute "reserves" by SEC standards as in-place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures. In addition, the documents included and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any prospectus Supplement may include information regarding adjacent or nearby properties on which we have no right to mine. The SEC does not normally allow U.S. companies to include such information in their filings with the SEC. For the above reasons, information included and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement that describes our mineral reserve and resource estimates or that describes the results of pre-feasibility or other studies is not comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements of the SEC.

RESERVE AND RESOURCE DISCLOSURE

        Due to the uncertainty that may be attached to inferred mineral resource estimates, it cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource estimate will be upgraded to an indicated or measured mineral resource estimate as a result of continued exploration. Confidence in an inferred mineral resource estimate is insufficient to allow meaningful application of the technical and economic parameters to enable an

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evaluation of economic viability sufficient for public disclosure, except in certain limited circumstances set out in NI 43-101. Inferred mineral resource estimates are excluded from estimates forming the basis of a feasibility study. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

        This Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation (collectively, "Forward-Looking Statements"). All statements, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will, may, could or might occur in the future are Forward-Looking Statements. The words "expect", "anticipate", "estimate", "may", "could", "might", "will", "would", "should", "intend", "believe", "target", "budget", "plan", "strategy", "goals", "objectives", "projection" or the negative of any of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify Forward-Looking Statements, although these words may not be present in all Forward-Looking Statements. Forward-Looking Statements included or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus include, without limitation, statements with respect to:

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production estimates and assumptions, including production rate, grade per tonne and smelter recovery;

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production timing;

•

capital-raising activities, compliance with terms of indebtedness and the adequacy of capital;

•

revenue, cash flow and cost estimates and assumptions;

•

statements with respect to future events or future performance;

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anticipated exploration, development, construction, production, permitting and other activities on the Company's properties;

•

the adequacy of capital, financing needs and the availability of and potential for receiving further commitments;

•

project economics;

•

future metal prices and exchange rates;

•

mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates; and

•

potential changes in the ownership structures of the Company's projects.

        Forward-Looking Statements reflect the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company. Forward-Looking Statements in respect of capital costs, operating costs, production rate, grade per tonne and smelter recovery are based upon the estimates in the technical reports referred to in this Prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference herein and ongoing cost estimation work, and the Forward-Looking Statements in respect of metal prices and exchange rates are based upon the three year trailing average prices and the assumptions contained in such technical reports and ongoing estimates.

        Forward-Looking Statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual events or results to differ materially from those discussed in the Forward-Looking Statements, and even if events or results discussed in the Forward-Looking Statements are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on, the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things:

•

additional financing requirements;

•

the Company's history of losses;

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the inability of the Company to generate sufficient cash flow to make payment on its indebtedness under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities (as defined herein) and the restrictions imposed by such indebtedness;

•

the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities are secured and the Company has pledged its shares of Platinum Group Metals (RSA) Proprietary Limited ("PTM RSA") to the Lenders (as defined herein) under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities, which potentially could result in the loss of the Company's interest in Project 1 (as defined herein), Project 3 (as defined herein), the Waterberg Project (as defined herein) and in PTM RSA in the event of a default under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities;

•

the Company's negative cash flow;

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the Company's ability to continue as a going concern;

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delays in the production ramp-up of Project 1, which could result in a default under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities;

•

there can be no assurance that underground development and production ramp-up at Project 1 will meet its production ramp-up timeline or that production at Project 1 will meet the Company's expectations;

•

delays in, or inability to achieve, planned commercial production;

•

discrepancies between actual and estimated mineral reserves and mineral resources, between actual and estimated development and operating costs, between actual and estimated metallurgical recoveries and between estimated and actual production;

•

fluctuations in the relative values of the U.S. dollar, the Rand and the Canadian dollar;

•

volatility in metals prices;

•

the failure of the Company or its joint venture partners to fund their pro-rata share of funding obligations for Project 1 or the Waterberg JV Project (as defined herein);

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the inability of the Company to find an additional and suitable joint venture partner for Project 1 and Project 3 within such time frame as may be determined by the South African Department of Mineral Resources (the "DMR");

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any disputes or disagreements with the Company's joint venture partners;

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other than Project 1, no known mineral reserves on the Company's properties;

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completion of a pre-feasibility study for the Waterberg Project is subject to economic analysis requirements;

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the ability of the Company to retain its key management employees and skilled and experienced personnel;

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conflicts of interest;

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litigation or other legal or administrative proceedings brought against the Company;

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actual or alleged breaches of governance processes or instances of fraud, bribery or corruption;

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exploration, development and mining risks and the inherently dangerous nature of the mining industry, including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, unusual or unexpected formations, safety stoppages (whether voluntary or regulatory), pressures, mine collapses, cave-ins or flooding and the risk of inadequate insurance or inability to obtain insurance to cover these risks and other risks and uncertainties;

•

property and mineral title risks including defective title to mineral claims or property;

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changes in national and local government legislation, taxation, controls, regulations and political or economic developments in Canada, South Africa or other countries in which the Company does or may carry out business in the future;

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equipment shortages and the ability of the Company to acquire the necessary access rights and infrastructure for its mineral properties;

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environmental regulations and the ability to obtain and maintain necessary permits, including environmental authorizations and water use licenses;

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extreme competition in the mineral exploration industry;

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delays in obtaining, or a failure to obtain, permits necessary for current or future operations or failures to comply with the terms of such permits;

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risks of doing business in South Africa, including but not limited to labour, economic and political instability and potential changes to and failures to comply with legislation;

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the failure to maintain or increase equity participation by HDSAs (as defined herein) in the Company's prospecting and mining operations and to otherwise comply with the Mining Charter (as defined herein); and

•

the other risks disclosed under the heading "Risk Factors" in this Prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference herein.

        These factors should be considered carefully, and investors should not place undue reliance on the Forward-Looking Statements. In addition, although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions or results to differ materially from those described in the Forward-Looking Statements, there may be other factors that cause actions or results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended.

        The mineral resource and mineral reserve figures referred to in this Prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference are estimates and no assurances can be given that the indicated levels of platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold will be produced. Such estimates are expressions of judgment based on knowledge, mining experience, analysis of drilling results and industry practices. Valid estimates made at a given time may significantly change when new information becomes available. By their nature, mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates are imprecise and depend, to a certain extent, upon statistical inferences which may ultimately prove unreliable. Any inaccuracy or future reduction in such estimates could have a material adverse impact on the Company.

        Any Forward-Looking Statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any Forward-Looking Statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise.

CURRENCY PRESENTATION AND EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION

        Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, all references to dollar amounts in this Prospectus are references to Canadian dollars. All references to "CAN$" are to Canadian dollars, references to "US$" are to United States dollars and references to "R" or "Rand" are to South African Rand.

        The audited consolidated financial statements of the Company as at and for the financial years ended August 31, 2015 and 2014, together with the notes thereto and the auditor's reports thereon (the "Annual Financial Statements") are presented in Canadian dollars. Effective September 1, 2015, the Company changed its presentation currency from the Canadian dollar to the United States dollar. Accordingly, the Company's unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended November 30, 2015 and the three and nine months ended May 31, 2016 (together, the "Interim Financial Statements", and together with the Annual Financial Statements, the "Financial Statements"), each incorporated by reference in this Prospectus, are presented in United States dollars. The change in presentation currency is to better reflect the Company's business activities and to improve investors' ability to compare the Company's financial results with other publicly traded businesses in the mining industry. The United States dollar is also the currency used for quoting prices in the Company's products. There has been no change to the Company's functional currency, being the Canadian dollar, or its subsidiaries' functional currencies, being the Rand.

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        For further information regarding the Company's change in its presentation currency to the United States dollar, including the translation of certain information from Canadian dollars to United States dollars, see the Interim Financial Statements and the management's discussion and analysis of the Company related thereto, incorporated by reference in this Prospectus.

        The following table sets forth the rate of exchange for the United States dollar expressed in Canadian dollars in effect at the end of each of the periods indicated, the average of the exchange rates in effect on the last day of each month during each of the periods indicated, and the high and low exchange rates during each of the periods indicated in each case based on the noon rate of exchange as reported by the Bank of Canada for the conversion of United States dollars into Canadian dollars.

	Twelve Months Ended August 31,
	2015		2014
Average rate for period		CAN$1.2102		CAN$1.0776
Rate at end of period		CAN$1.3223		CAN$1.0858
High for period		CAN$1.3303		CAN$1.1251
Low for period		CAN$1.0863		CAN$1.0237

	Nine Months Ended May 31,
	2016		2015
Average rate for period		CAN$1.3363		CAN$1.1868
Rate at end of period		CAN$1.3100		CAN$1.2465
High for period		CAN$1.4589		CAN$1.2803
Low for period		CAN$1.2544		CAN$1.1236

        The noon rate of exchange on October 13, 2016 as reported by the Bank of Canada for the conversion of United States dollars into Canadian dollars was US$1.00 equals CAN$1.3219.

        The following table sets forth the rate of exchange for the Rand expressed in Canadian dollars in effect at the end of each of the periods indicated, the average of the exchange rates in effect on the last day of each month during each of the periods indicated, and the high and low exchange rates during each of the periods indicated in each case based on the noon rate of exchange as reported by the Bank of Canada for conversion of Rand into Canadian dollars.

	Twelve Months Ended August 31,
	2015		2014
Average rate for period		CAN$  0.1026		CAN$0.1026
Rate at end of period		CAN$0.09979		CAN$0.1019
High for period		CAN$  0.1102		CAN$0.1067
Low for period		CAN$0.09858		CAN$0.0984

	Nine Months Ended May 31,
	2016		2015
Average rate for period		CAN$0.09023		CAN$  0.1028
Rate at end of period		CAN$0.08333		CAN$  0.1026
High for period		CAN$0.09927		CAN$  0.1102
Low for period		CAN$0.08210		CAN$0.09858

        The noon rate of exchange on October 13, 2016 as reported by the Bank of Canada for the conversion of Rand into Canadian dollars was one Rand equals CAN$0.09288.

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NOTICE REGARDING NON-IFRS MEASURES

        This Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein include certain terms or performance measures that are not defined under International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IFRS"), such as cash costs, all-in sustaining costs and total costs per payable ounce, realized price per ounce, adjusted net income (loss) before tax, adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted basic earnings (loss) per share. The Company believes that, in addition to conventional measures prepared in accordance with IFRS, certain investors use this information to evaluate the Company's performance. The data presented is intended to provide additional information and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with IFRS. These non-IFRS measures should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Information has been incorporated by reference in this Prospectus from documents filed with securities commissions or similar authorities in Canada (the "Commissions") and filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Copies of the documents incorporated herein by reference may be obtained on request without charge from the Corporate Secretary of the Company at Suite 788, 550 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 2B5, telephone (604) 899-5450. These documents are also available through the internet on SEDAR, which can be accessed online at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR, which can be accessed online at www.sec.gov.

        The following documents of the Company are specifically incorporated by reference into, and form an integral part of, this Prospectus:

(a)

the annual information form of the Company dated November 24, 2015 for the financial year ended August 31, 2015 (the "Annual Information Form" or "AIF");



(b)

the management information circular of the Company dated January 4, 2016 prepared for the purposes of the annual general meeting of the Company held on February 26, 2016 at which each of the Company's directors was re-elected and the shareholders approved all other matters submitted to a shareholder vote;



(c)

the Annual Financial Statements;



(d)

the management's discussion and analysis of the Company for the financial year ended August 31, 2015;



(e)

the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company for the three months ended November 30, 2015, together with the notes thereto;



(f)

the management's discussion and analysis of the Company for the three months ended November 30, 2015;



(g)

the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2016, together with the notes thereto;



(h)

the management's discussion and analysis of the Company for the nine months ended May 31, 2016;



(i)

the NI 43-101 technical report entitled "Mineral Resource Update on the Waterberg Project Located in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa" dated April 29, 2016 (the "April 2016 Waterberg Report");



(j)

the NI 43-101 technical report entitled "An Independent Technical Report on the Maseve Project (WBJV Project areas 1 and 1A) located on the Western Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa" dated August 28, 2015 (the "Project 1 Report");



(k)

the material change report of the Company filed November 3, 2015 announcing that it had entered into a second lien credit agreement with Liberty Metals & Mining Holdings, LLC ("Liberty Holdings"), a subsidiary of Liberty Mutual Insurance, for a US$40 million secured loan facility (as subsequently amended on May 3, 2016 and September 19, 2016, the "Liberty Facility");

6

(l)

the material change report of the Company filed November 23, 2015 announcing that the Company had simultaneously drawn down, in full, US$40 million from the Liberty Facility and US$40 million (the "Original Sprott Advance") from the secured loan facility with Sprott Resource Lending Partnership, among other lenders (the lenders from time to time, the "Sprott Lenders") pursuant to a credit agreement dated February 13, 2015 (as subsequently amended on November 19, 2015, May 3, 2016 and September 19, 2016, the "Sprott Facility", and the Sprott Lenders, together with Liberty Holdings, the "Lenders");



(m)

the material change report of the Company filed January 12, 2016 announcing that the budget funded by Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation ("JOGMEC"), the Company's joint venture partner, for the Waterberg Project had been expanded from US$8.0 million to US$8.5 million for the annual period ending March 31, 2016;



(n)

the material change report of the Company filed January 26, 2016 announcing the consolidation of the Common Shares on the basis of one new Common Share for ten old Common Shares effective January 26, 2016 (the "Share Consolidation");



(o)

the material change report of the Company filed February 9, 2016 announcing the successful completion of hot commissioning at Project 1;



(p)

the material change report of the Company filed March 17, 2016 announcing that over 90% of recent infill drilling on the Waterberg Project had successfully intersected the "T" and "F" targeted layers;



(q)

the material change report of the Company filed April 19, 2016 announcing an increase in the resource estimate for platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold at the Waterberg JV Project;



(r)

the material change report of the Company filed May 5, 2016 announcing the modification agreements to the Sprott Facility and the Liberty Facility, each dated May 3, 2016 (together, the "May Credit Facility Amendments");



(s)

the material change report of the Company filed May 5, 2016 announcing that the Company had entered into an agreement with a syndicate of underwriters to buy, on a bought deal basis, 11,000,000 Common Shares, at a price of US$3.00 per Common Share (the "May Offering");



(t)

the material change report of the Company filed May 26, 2016 announcing the closing of the May Offering;



(u)

the material change report of the Company filed June 1, 2016 announcing new platinum, palladium and gold assay results for recent drill intercepts completed on the Waterberg Project;



(v)

the material change report of the Company filed July 14, 2016 announcing financial results and highlights for the nine months ended May 31, 2016;



(w)

the material change report of the Company filed September 20, 2016 announcing updates on Project 1 and the Waterberg Project and the modification agreements to the Sprott Facility and the Liberty Facility, each dated September 19, 2016 (together, the "September Credit Facility Amendments"); and



(x)

the material change report of the Company filed October 12, 2016 announcing that the Sprott Lenders have provided a US$5 million second advance (the "Second Sprott Advance") to the Company pursuant to an amended and restated credit agreement dated October 11, 2016 (the "Amended & Restated Sprott Credit Agreement" and the Sprott Facility, as amended and restated, the "Amended & Restated Sprott Facility", and together with the Liberty Facility, the "Project 1 Working Capital Facilities").

        Any document of the types referred to in the preceding paragraph (excluding press releases and confidential material change reports) or of any other type required to be incorporated by reference into a short form prospectus pursuant to National Instrument 44-101 — Short Form Prospectus Distributions that are filed by us with a Commission after the date of this Prospectus and prior to the termination of an Offering under any Prospectus Supplement shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus. In addition, any document filed by us with the SEC or furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K or otherwise after the date of this

7

Prospectus (and prior to the termination of an Offering) shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus and the registration statement on Form F-10 of which this Prospectus forms a part (the "Registration Statement") (in the case of a Report on Form 6-K, if and to the extent expressly provided for therein).

Any statement contained in this Prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. The modifying or superseding statement need not state that it has modified or superseded a prior statement or include any other information set forth in the document it modifies or supersedes. The making of a modifying or superseding statement shall not be deemed an admission for any purposes that the modified or superseded statement, when made, constituted a misrepresentation, an untrue statement of a material fact or an omission to state a material fact that is required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances in which it was made. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not constitute a part of this Prospectus, except as so modified or superseded.

        A Prospectus Supplement containing the specific terms of an Offering will be delivered to purchasers of such Securities together with this Prospectus and will be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus as of the date of such Prospectus Supplement, but only for the purposes of the Offering covered by that Prospectus Supplement.

        Upon a new annual information form and related annual financial statements being filed by us with, and where required, accepted by, the applicable securities regulatory authority during the currency of this Prospectus, the previous annual information form, the previous annual financial statements and all interim financial statements, material change reports and information circulars and all Prospectus Supplements filed prior to the commencement of our financial year in which a new annual information form is filed shall be deemed no longer to be incorporated into this Prospectus for purposes of future offers and sales of Securities hereunder.

        Without limiting the foregoing, on April 29, 2016, the Company filed the April 2016 Waterberg Report with an effective date of April 18, 2016. The April 2016 Waterberg Report supersedes and replaces the technical report titled "An Independent Technical Report on the Waterberg Project Located in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa" dated September 4, 2015 on the Waterberg Project and any earlier reports or estimates of resources for the Waterberg Project.

        Reference to the Company's website in any documents that are incorporated by reference into this Prospectus do not incorporate by reference the information on such website into this Prospectus, and the Company disclaims any such incorporation by reference.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

        We have filed with the SEC the Registration Statement. This Prospectus, which constitutes a part of the Registration Statement, does not contain all of the information contained in the Registration Statement, certain items of which are contained in the exhibits to the Registration Statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Statements included or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus about the contents of any contract, agreement or other documents referred to are not necessarily complete, and in each instance you should refer to the exhibits to the Registration Statement for a more complete description of the matter involved. Each such statement is qualified in its entirety by such reference.

        We are subject to the information requirements of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and applicable Canadian securities legislation, and in accordance therewith file and furnish reports and other information with the SEC and with the securities regulators in Canada. Under the MJDS, documents and other information that we file and furnish with the SEC may be prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements of Canada, which are different from those of the United States. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short

8

-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required to publish financial statements as promptly as U.S. companies.

        You may read any document that we have filed with or furnished to the SEC at the SEC's public reference room in Washington, D.C. You may also obtain copies of those documents from the public reference room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 by paying a fee. You should call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 or access its website at www.sec.gov for further information about the public reference rooms. You may read and download the documents we have filed with the SEC under our corporate profile at www.sec.gov. You may read and download any public document that we have filed with the Canadian securities regulatory authorities under our corporate profile on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com.

DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT

        The following documents have been or will be filed with the SEC as part of the Registration Statement: (i) the documents referred to under the heading "Documents Incorporated by Reference"; (ii) consents of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP and the persons named under "Interest of Experts" herein; (iii) powers of attorney from certain directors and officers of the Company; and (iv) the form of Indenture (as defined below). A copy of the form of warrant indenture, subscription receipt agreement or statement of eligibility of trustee on Form T-1, as applicable, will be filed by post-effective amendment or by incorporation by reference to documents filed or furnished with the SEC under the Exchange Act.

9

BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY

        The Company is a platinum-focused exploration and development company conducting work primarily on mineral properties it has staked or acquired by way of option agreements or applications in the Republic of South Africa.

        The Company's material subsidiaries are one wholly-owned company, one majority-owned company and a 49.9% holding in a third company, all of which are incorporated under the company laws of the Republic of South Africa.

        The Company conducts its South African exploration and development work through its wholly-owned direct subsidiary, PTM RSA. PTM RSA holds the Company's interests in the Project 1 (also known as the Maseve Mine) and Project 3 platinum mines of what was formerly the Western Bushveld Joint Venture ("Project 1" and "Project 3", respectively) through its 82.9% holdings in Maseve Investments 11 Proprietary Limited ("Maseve"). Wesizwe Platinum Ltd. ("Wesizwe"), through its subsidiary Africa Wide Mineral Prospecting and Exploration Proprietary Limited ("Africa Wide") has a 17.1% ownership interest in Maseve. See "Mineral Property Interests — Projects 1 and 3 of the Western Bushveld Complex" in the AIF.

        On August 20, 2014, an arbitrator ruled that Africa Wide's shareholding in Maseve would be reduced to 21.2766% as a result of its failure to fund its US$21.8 million share of an initial project budget and cash call for Project 1 that had been unanimously approved by the Maseve board of directors. On March 3, 2014, Africa Wide informed the Company that it would not be funding its US$21.52 million share of a second cash call. As a result, Africa Wide's ownership of Maseve has been further diluted to approximately 17.1% based on the dilution formula in the Maseve Shareholders Agreement (defined below), as confirmed by the arbitration. Correspondingly, the Company's ownership in Maseve has increased to approximately 82.9%. See "General Developments of the Business — Africa Wide Dilution" in the AIF and the risk factor in this Prospectus captioned "The dilution of Africa Wide may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations".

        The Company also owns 49.9% of Mnombo Wethu Consultants Proprietary Limited ("Mnombo"), a black economic empowerment ("BEE") company, which holds a 26% participating interest in both the Waterberg joint venture project (the "Waterberg JV Project") and the Waterberg extension project (the "Waterberg Extension Project" and together with the Waterberg JV Project, the "Waterberg Project").

        Subsequent to the end of the Company's third fiscal quarter in 2016, the DMR requested an update regarding the Company's efforts to increase the HDSA (as defined herein) equity ownership percentage in Maseve from 17.1% to 26% following the dilution of Africa Wide's interest in Maseve. The Company remains open to considering commercial and strategic alternatives with regard to possible BEE transactions for Maseve. The Company met with the DMR in early June 2016 and the DMR requested a further update by August 7, 2016, while reminding the Company of the risk of potential action under Sections 47 and 93 of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, No. 28 of 2002 (the "MPRDA") if the Company were not to increase the HDSA ownership percentage. The Company believes that any action in this regard is premature given that the court proceedings between the Chamber of Mines and the DMR in regard to the "once empowered, always empowered" principle and the introduction of the New Draft Charter (as defined herein) both remain pending.

10

The Company has made several attempts to schedule a meeting with the DMR to further discuss this issue. To date, while the Company has been advised by the DMR that the matter will be discussed at a later date, no such meeting has taken place and the DMR has not issued a notice of non-compliance with the MPRDA. See the risk factors in this Prospectus captioned "The dilution of Africa Wide may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations" and "The failure to maintain or increase equity participation by HDSAs in the Company's prospecting and mining operations could adversely affect the Company's ability to maintain its prospecting and mining rights."

Project 1 and Project 3

        Project 1 and Project 3 are located on the Western Limb of the Bushveld Complex, 110 km west northwest of Pretoria and 120 km from Johannesburg. The approximately 47 km² of mining rights comprising Project 1 and Project 3 are owned by Maseve, the project operating company in which the Company has an 82.9% interest and Wesizwe, through its subsidiary, Africa Wide, which has a 17.1% ownership interest. Maseve is governed by a shareholders' agreement among PTM RSA, Africa Wide and Maseve (the "Maseve Shareholders Agreement"). See "General Developments of the Business — Africa Wide Dilution" in the AIF. In April 2012, Maseve was granted a mining right over Project 1 and Project 3 (the "Mining Right") by the DMR.

        Delays in underground development, stoping rates and planned tonnages have resulted in delays in achieving full commercial production at Project 1. Production guidance provided for September 2016 was not achieved principally as a result of the inability to mine from higher grade and better thickness reef in Block 11 of Project 1. The infrastructure required for mining in September 2016, including water pumping and ventilation, was also completed later than scheduled, which delayed production. Planned production from Block 11 is now expected in October 2016. The Company currently expects commercial production to be achieved by early 2017.

        The current Project 1 mine plan calls for an aggregate of approximately 91,500 ounces platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold ("4E") (100% project basis) in concentrate to be produced from first production at the mine in early 2016 through the end of April 2017. Prior production guidance should not be relied upon.

Project 1 Working Capital Facilities

        The Company announced that it had drawn down under the Sprott Facility and the Liberty Facility in November 2015 and under the Amended & Restated Sprott Facility in October 2016. The Company pays interest under the Liberty Facility at 9.5% over LIBOR and interest under the Amended & Restated Sprott Facility at 8.5% over LIBOR. Under the Liberty Facility, a production payment of 1.5% of revenues from Project 1 is payable to Liberty Holdings. Payment and performance of the Company's obligations under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities are guaranteed by PTM RSA and secured by a first and second priority security interest in favor of the Lenders in all of the Company's personal property, including a pledge over all of the issued shares in the capital of PTM RSA. The Project 1 Working Capital Facilities contain covenants that include certain limits on, among other things, the ability of the Company and PTM RSA to create indebtedness, create liens, enter into related party transactions, dispose of assets, amend or alter their corporate status or amalgamate, make acquisitions, amend or terminate material contracts, declare or provide dividends or distributions, make investments, materially change their businesses, or enter into agreements restricting the ability of their subsidiaries to pay dividends, make any other distributions, deliver minerals or perform other obligations under their material agreements. Further, pursuant to the Liberty Facility, the Company is obligated to notify Liberty Holdings if the Company or PTM RSA, or any of their subsidiaries (including without limitation Maseve and Mnombo) wishes to undertake any financings (other than a financing that is entirely an equity financing) and must provide Liberty Holdings with a summary of the terms of such financing. Subject to the terms and conditions in the Liberty Facility, Liberty Holdings shall have a right of first offer to provide such financing to the applicable entity on the terms contained in the notice provided. Also, pursuant to that certain intercreditor agreement entered into among the Lenders, the Company and PTM RSA in connection with the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities (the "Intercreditor Agreement"), and under certain circumstances described therein, Liberty Holdings has a right to purchase all of the outstanding obligations under the Amended & Restated Sprott Facility, in which case the Amended & Restated Sprott Facility will be assigned to Liberty Holdings, as Lender.

11

        Under the May Credit Facility Amendments, the September Credit Facility Amendments and the Amended & Restated Sprott Credit Agreement, the Company and the Lenders have agreed to extend the maturity dates of the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities, amend certain prepayment and repayment terms and amend certain events of default relating to production targets at Project 1. Under the terms of the September Credit Facility Amendments and the Amended & Restated Sprott Credit Agreement, the Company and the Lenders also agreed that the Company must pay, in partial prepayment of the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities, 50% of the net proceeds of any equity or debt financings (excluding intercompany financings) of the Company having a value exceeding US$1 million in the aggregate that close after January 31, 2017, in the case of the Amended & Restated Sprott Facility (the "Amended & Restated Sprott Facility Repayment Requirement"), and December 31, 2017, in the case of the Liberty Facility, subject to the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement (instead of after June 30, 2016 as was stipulated in the May Credit Facility Amendments).

        On October 12, 2016, the Company announced that the Sprott Lenders provided the Second Sprott Advance to the Company pursuant to the Amended & Restated Sprott Credit Agreement, which increased the Amended & Restated Sprott Facility to US$45 million. The material terms of the Amended & Restated Sprott Credit Agreement include:

•

interest shall accrue and become payable to the Sprott Lenders monthly on the Second Sprott Advance at a rate of LIBOR plus 8.5%, the same rate applied to the Original Sprott Advance;

•

the Second Sprott Advance may be repaid in six equal, monthly installments commencing on July 31, 2017, unless the Sprott Lenders elect for earlier repayment from the proceeds of an equity or debt financing (excluding an intercompany financing) prior to December 31, 2017, in which case all such net proceeds shall be paid to the Sprott Lenders in repayment of the Second Sprott Advance, notwithstanding the Amended & Restated Sprott Facility Repayment Requirement;

•

the Company must obtain certain regulatory approvals as a post-closing requirement of the Second Sprott Advance; and

•

the Company must complete equity financings raising gross proceeds of US$20 million by December 31, 2016 (the "Equity Financings").

        Other terms, conditions and covenants related to the Second Sprott Advance are substantially the same as for the Original Sprott Advance, as amended.

        As consideration for the accommodations provided by the Lenders in the May Credit Facility Amendments, the Company issued to the Lenders an aggregate of 263,308 Common Shares, representing 1% of the original principal amount payable under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities. As consideration for the accommodations provided by the Lenders in the September Credit Facility Amendments, the Company issued to the Lenders an aggregate of 1,602,628 Common Shares, representing 5% of the original principal amount payable under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities. As consideration for the Second Sprott Advance, the Company has agreed to issue 113,963 Common Shares by October 31, 2016, representing 5% of the value of the Second Sprott Advance (using the Bank of Canada noon exchange rate on October 7, 2016). The Common Shares were valued at CAN$2.9185, which represented the 10-day volume weighted average price of the Common Shares on the TSX of CAN$3.2428, less a 10% discount. See "Prior Sales".

        Events of default under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities include:

•

failure to complete the Equity Financings;

•

the failure to pay principal when due and payable or interest, fees or other amounts payable;

•

the breach by the Company of any financial covenant;

•

a default under any other indebtedness of the Company;

•

a change in control of the Company;

•

failure to maintain planned production targets, as required by the September Credit Facility Amendments and the Amended & Restated Sprott Credit Agreement;

12

•

failure to obtain all required consents, authorizations or approvals of the South African Reserve Bank (the "SARB") in connection with the Amended & Restated Sprott Credit Agreement by April 5, 2017;

•

the occurrence of any event that could have a material adverse effect; and

•

various events relating to the bankruptcy or insolvency or winding-up, liquidation or dissolution or cessation of business of the Company.

Waterberg Project

        PTM RSA is the operator of the Waterberg Project with JOGMEC and Mnombo. The Waterberg Project is comprised of the Waterberg JV Project, a contiguous granted prospecting right area of approximately 255 km², and the Waterberg Extension Project, an 864 km² area of granted and applied-for prospecting rights located adjacent and to the north of the Waterberg JV Project, located on the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex, approximately 85 km north of the town of Mokopane (formerly Potgietersrus).

        On September 28, 2009, PTM RSA, Mnombo and JOGMEC entered into an agreement, as later amended on May 20, 2013 (the "JOGMEC Agreement"), whereby JOGMEC could earn up to a 37% participating interest in the Waterberg JV Project for an optional work commitment of US$3.2 million over four years. At the same time, Mnombo could earn a 26% participating interest in exchange for matching JOGMEC's expenditures on a ²⁶/74 basis (US$1.12 million). In April 2012, JOGMEC completed its US$3.2 million earn-in requirement to earn a 37% interest in the Waterberg JV Project. Following JOGMEC's earn-in, PTM RSA funded Mnombo's 26% share of costs for US$1.12 million until the earn-in phase of the joint venture ended in May 2012. PTM RSA holds the prospecting rights granted by the DMR for the Waterberg JV Project, and Mnombo is identified as the Company's BEE partner.

        On January 20, 2015, PTM RSA and Mnombo entered into a written joint venture agreement effective February 1, 2012 relating to the Waterberg Extension Project, in which PTM RSA has a 74% interest and Mnombo has a 26% interest (the "Waterberg Extension JV Agreement"). PTM RSA holds the prospecting rights filed with the DMR for the Waterberg Extension Project, and Mnombo is identified as the Company's BEE partner.

        On May 26, 2015, the Company announced a second amendment to the JOGMEC Agreement (the "JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment"). Pursuant to the terms of the JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment, the Waterberg JV Project and the Waterberg Extension Project are to be consolidated and contributed into a newly created operating company named Waterberg JV Resources Proprietary Limited ("Waterberg JV Co."). The Company is to hold 45.65% of Waterberg JV Co. while JOGMEC is to own 28.35% and Mnombo will hold 26%. Through its 49.9% share of Mnombo, the Company will hold an effective 58.62% of Waterberg JV Co., post-closing. Once Waterberg JV Co. is fully organized and the transactions contemplated in the JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment are completed, the Waterberg Extension JV Agreement will be dissolved. Based on the June 2014 Waterberg Project resource estimate, the number of ounces owned by each entity did not change with the revised ownership percentages. Under the JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment, JOGMEC has committed to fund US$20 million in expenditures over a three-year period ending March 31, 2018, of which US$8 million has been funded by JOGMEC to March 31, 2016 and the first US$6 million to be spent in each of the following two 12-month periods will also be funded by JOGMEC. Waterberg Project expenditures in excess of US$6 million in either of the following 12-month periods are to be funded by PTM RSA, Mnombo and JOGMEC pro-rata to their interests in Waterberg JV Co. The Company remains the Waterberg Project operator under the JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment. Under the terms of the JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment, closing of this transaction will take place on a date to be agreed between the parties, as soon as reasonably possible after the grant of approval by the DMR under Section 11 of the MPRDA to transfer title of the prospecting rights. As a matter of law, the closing will also be dependent upon the approval of the competition authorities under the South African Competition Act, 89 of 1998. If closing of this transaction does not occur, the JOGMEC 2^nd Agreement will terminate and the parties will default to the JOGMEC Agreement arrangement, with such portion of the US$20 million in expenditures funding already paid by JOGMEC being deemed to be an advance by JOGMEC towards its future spending commitments on the Waterberg JV Project. The Company and Mnombo will be required to make corresponding cash payments in respect of the Waterberg JV Project to pro rata match the advance payments made by JOGMEC, within 120 days of the termination of the JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment, failing which they shall suffer

13

equity dilutions under the JOGMEC Agreement as if such equivalent pro rata amounts were approved program funding in which they elected not to participate.

        The Company carried Mnombo's 26% share of expenses in the Waterberg Project until March 31, 2015. JOGMEC has been funding expenses since March 31, 2015 under the terms of the JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment.

April 2016 Waterberg Report

        The following is the extracted summary section from the April 2016 Waterberg Report prepared for the Company by Mr. Charles Muller of CJM Consulting, South Africa, (Pty) Ltd. ("CJM"). The April 2016 Waterberg Report is incorporated by reference herein and, for full technical details, reference should be made to the complete text of the April 2016 Waterberg Report.

        The following summary does not purport to be a complete summary of the Waterberg Project and is subject to all the assumptions, qualifications and procedures set out in the April 2016 Waterberg Report and is qualified in its entirety with reference to the full text of the April 2016 Waterberg Report. Readers should read this summary in conjunction with the April 2016 Waterberg Report. Readers are directed to review the full text of the report, available for review under the Company's profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the SEC's EDGAR website at www.sec.gov, for additional information.

1.1    Introduction

CJM was requested by PTM RSA, on behalf of the Company, the issuer, to complete the April 2016 Waterberg Report for the Waterberg Project. The Waterberg Project covers a buried portion of the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex where a deposit containing platinum group metals ("PGMs"), gold and base metals ("Cu", "Ni") has been discovered through drilling. The objective of the April 2016 Waterberg Report is to provide an update to the mineral resources on the Waterberg Project, to comply with disclosure and reporting requirements set forth in the Toronto Stock Exchange Manual, NI 43-101, Companion Policy 43-101CP to NI 43-101, and Form 43-101F1 of NI 43-101.

The April 2016 Waterberg Report reviews the geology, the exploration activities and states the most recent mineral resource estimation on the Waterberg Project (Effective Date: 18 April-2016). The report provides an update of the exploration activities completed subsequent to the last filed technical report on the resource estimate dated 20 July-2015 up to the effective date of 04 September-2016 to correspond to the public disclosure up to that date.

1.2    Waterberg Project Area and Location

The Waterberg Project is some 85 km north of the town of Mokopane (formerly Potgietersrus), within Limpopo Province, South Africa and covers an area along the strike length of the previously unknown northward extension of the Bushveld Complex. The Waterberg Project can be accessed via dirt roads exiting off sealed highway N11.

The Waterberg Project is comprised of several prospecting rights covering an area of 111,882 ha. The Waterberg Project is owned by a joint venture consisting of the Company, Mnombo, and JOGMEC. Conversion of the prospecting right into a mining right within the renewal period of three years is allowed. The area of the prospecting rights extends some 42 km from north to south and 42 km from east to west.

The Waterberg Project area is an extension of the trend at the northern tip of the Bushveld Complex and is the result of some detailed geophysical, geochemical and geological work that indicated potential for a package of Bushveld Complex rocks under the Waterberg group sedimentary cover rocks (the "Waterberg Group").

1.3    Geological Setting, Deposit Type and Mineralization

The Bushveld and Molopo Complexes in the Kaapvaal Craton are two of the most well-known mafic/ultramafic layered intrusions in the world. The Bushveld Complex was intruded about 2,060 million years ago into rocks of the Transvaal Supergroup, largely along an unconformity between the Magaliesberg quartzite of the Pretoria Group and the overlying Rooiberg felsites. It is estimated to exceed 66,000 km² in

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extent, of which about 55% is covered by younger formations. The Bushveld Complex hosts several layers rich in PGMs, chromium and vanadium, and constitutes the world's largest known resource of these metals.

The Waterberg Project is situated off the northern end of the previously known Northern Limb, where the mafic rocks have a different sequence to those of the Eastern and Western Limbs.

PGM mineralisation within the Bushveld package underlying the Waterberg Project is hosted in two main layers: the T Zone and the F Zone.

The T Zone occurs within the Main Zone just beneath the contact of the overlaying Upper Zone. Although the T Zone consists of numerous mineralised layers, three potential economical layers were identified, T1, T2HW and T2 — Layers. They are composed mainly of anorthosite, pegmatoidal gabbros, pyroxenite, troctolite, harzburgite, gabbronorite and norite.

The F Zone is hosted in a cyclic unit of olivine rich lithologies towards the base of the Main Zone towards the bottom of the Bushveld Complex. This zone consists of alternating units of harzburgite, troctolite and pyroxenites. The F Zone was divided into the FH and FP layers. The FH layer has significantly higher volumes of olivine in contrast with the lower lying FP layer, which is predominately pyroxenite. The FH layer is further subdivided into six cyclic units chemically identified by their geochemical signature, especially chrome. The base of these units can also be lithologically identified by a pyroxenite layer.

1.4    Local Geology

The Waterberg Project is located along the strike extension of the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex. The geology consists predominantly of the Bushveld Main Zone gabbros, gabbronorites, norites, pyroxenites and anorthositic rock types with more mafic rock material such as harzburgite and troctolites that partially grade into dunites towards the base of the package. In the southern part of the project area, Bushveld Upper Zone lithologies such as magnetite gabbros and gabbronorites do occur as intersected in drillhole WB001 and WB002. The Lower Magnetite Layer of the Upper Zone was intersected on the south of the project property (Disseldorp) where drillhole WB001 was drilled and intersected a 2.5 m thick magnetite band.

On the property, the Bushveld package strikes south-west to north east with a general dip of 34^o – 38^o towards the west is observed from drillhole core for the layered units intersected on Waterberg property within the Bushveld Package (Figure 1). However, some structural blocks may be tilted at different angles depending on structural and /or tectonic controls.

The Bushveld Upper Zone is overlain by a 120 m to 760 m thick Waterberg Group which is a sedimentary package predominantly made up of sandstones, and within the project area the two sedimentary formations known as the Setlaole and Makgabeng Formations constitute the Waterberg Group. The Waterberg package is flat lying with dip angles ranging from to 2^o to 5^o. Figure 1 gives an overview of interpreted geology for the Waterberg Project.

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Figure 1:
Drillhole location and Interpreted Geology of the Waterberg Project

1.5    Exploration Status

The Waterberg Project is an advanced project that has undergone preliminary economic evaluations which have warranted further work. Drilling to date has given the confidence to classify mineral resources as Inferred and Indicated.

1.6    Sample Preparation

The sampling methodology concurs with the Company's protocol based on industry best practice. The quality of the sampling is monitored and supervised by a qualified geologist. The sampling is done in a manner that includes the entire potentially economic unit, with sufficient shoulder sampling to ensure the entire economic zones are assayed.

1.7    Analysis

For the present database, field samples have been analysed by two different laboratories: the primary laboratory is currently Set Point laboratories (South Africa). Genalysis (Australia) is used for referee test work to confirm the accuracy of the primary laboratory.

Samples are received, sorted, verified and checked for moisture and dried if necessary. Each sample is weighed and the results are recorded. Rocks, rock chips or lumps are crushed using a jaw crusher to less

16

than 10 mm. The samples are then milled for 5 minutes to achieve a fineness of 90% less than 106 mm, which is the minimum requirement to ensure the best accuracy and precision during analysis.

Samples are analysed for Pt (ppm), Pd (ppm) Rh (ppm) and Au (ppm) by standard 25 g lead fire-assay using a silver collector. Rh (ppm) is assayed using the same method but with a palladium collector and only for selected samples. After pre-concentration by fire assay the resulting solutions are analysed using ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma — Optical Emission Spectrometry).

The base metals (copper, nickel, cobalt and chromium) are analysed using ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma — Optical Emission Spectrometry) after a multi-acid digestion. This technique results in "almost" total digestion.

The drilling, sampling and analytical aspects of the project are considered to have been undertaken to industry standards. The data is considered to be reliable and suitable for mineral resource estimation.

1.8    Drilling

The data from which the structure of the mineralised horizons was modelled and grade values estimated were derived from a total of 293,538 meters of diamond drilling. This report updates the mineral resource estimate using this dataset. The drillhole dataset consists of 294 drillholes and 459 deflections, at the date of data cut-off (April 1, 2016).

The management of the drilling programmes, logging and sampling have been undertaken from two facilities: one at the town of Marken in Limpopo Province, South Africa and the other on the farm Goedetrouw 366LR within the prospecting right area.

Drilled core is cleaned, de-greased and packed into metal core boxes by the drilling company. The core is collected from the drilling site on a daily basis by PTM personnel and transported to the coreyard. Before the core is taken off the drilling site, core recovery and the depths are checked. Core logging is done by hand on a pro-forma sheet by qualified geologists under supervision of the Waterberg Project geologist.

1.9    Quality Control and Quality Assurance

The Company has instituted a complete QA/QC programme including the insertion of blanks and certified reference materials as well as referee analyses. The programme is being followed and is considered to be to industry standard. The data is as a result, considered reliable in the opinion of the Qualified Person.

1.10    Mineral Resources

This report documents the mineral resource estimate — Effective Date: April 18, 2016. The mineral resources are reported in the table below. Infill drilling over portions of the Waterberg Project area and new estimation methodology has made it possible to estimate a new mineral resource estimate and upgrade portions of the mineral resource to the Indicated category. The Mineral Resource Statement is summarised in Table 1.

Table 1
F Zone
Mineral Resource Details

Cut-off	Tonnage		Grade										Metal
3PGE+Au			Pt		Pd		Au		Rh		3PGE+Au		3PGE+Au
g/t	Mt		g/t		g/t		g/t		g/t		g/t		Kg		Moz
Indicated
2		281.184		0.9		1.9		0.2		0		3.03		851 988		27.39
2.5		179.325		1.1		2.2		0.2		0		3.49		625 844		20.12
3		110.863		1.2		2.5		0.2		0		3.95		437 909		14.08
Inferred
2		177.961		0.8		1.8		0.1		0		2.76		491 183		15.79
2.5		84.722		1		2.1		0.2		0		3.35		283 819		9.125
3		43.153		1.2		2.5		0.2		0		3.96		170 886		5.494

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T Zone

Cut-off	Tonnage		Grade										Metal
2PGE+Au			Pt		Pd		Au		Rh		2PGE+Au		2PGE+Au
g/t	Mt		g/t		g/t		g/t		g/t		g/t		Kg		Moz
Indicated
2		36.308		1.1		1.8		0.7		—		3.61		131 162		4.217
2.5		30.234		1.2		1.9		0.8		—		3.88		117 363		3.773
3		22.33		1.3		2.1		0.9		—		4.28		95 640		3.075
Inferred
2		23.314		1.1		1.8		0.7		—		3.66		85 240		2.741
2.5		21.196		1.1		1.9		0.8		—		3.79		80 394		2.585
3		14.497		1.3		2.1		0.9		—		4.28		62 082		1.996

Waterberg Total

Cut-off	Tonnage		Grade										Metal
3PGE+Au			Pt		Pd		Au		Rh		3PGE+Au		3PGE+Au
g/t	Mt		g/t		g/t		g/t		g/t		g/t		Kg		Moz
Indicated
2		317.492		0.9		1.9		0.2		0		3.1		983 150		31.61
2.5		209.559		1.1		2.2		0.3		0		3.55		743 207		23.89
3		133.193		1.2		2.5		0.3		0		4.01		533 549		17.15
Inferred
2		201.275		0.9		1.8		0.2		0		2.86		576 423		18.53
2.5		105.918		1		2.1		0.3		0		3.44		364 213		11.71
3		57.65		1.2		2.4		0.4		0		4.04		232 968		7.49

Notes to Table 1:

1.

Mineral resources are classified in accordance with the SAMREC standards. There are certain differences with the "CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves"; however, in this case the Company and the QP believe the differences are not material and the standards may be considered the same. Mineral resources do not have demonstrated economic viability and inferred resources have a high degree of uncertainty. Mineral resources might never be upgraded or converted to reserves.



2.

Mineral resources are provided on a 100% project basis. Inferred and indicated categories are separate. The estimates have an effective date of April 18^th 2016. Tables may not add perfectly due to rounding. For the purposes of inclusion of this table from the April 2016 Waterberg Report in this Prospectus, the figures have been subject to further rounding.



3.

A cut-off grade of 2.5 g/t 3E (platinum, palladium and gold) for the T zone and 2.5 g/t 4E for the F zone is applied to the selected base case mineral resources. Prior to July 20, 2015, a 2 g/t cut-off was applied to resource estimates. For comparison with earlier resources a 2 g/t cut-off on the updated resource model is presented above. Cut-off grades of 3.0 g/t 4E are also presented as certain mining plans in early years may apply higher cut-offs for the Pre-Feasibility Study.



4.

Cut off for the T and the F zones considered costs, smelter discounts, concentrator recoveries from the previous and ongoing engineering work completed on the property by the Company and its independent engineers. Spot and three-year trailing average prices and exchange rates are considered for the cut-off considerations. Metallurgical work indicates that an economically attractive concentrate can be produced from standard flotation methods.



5.

Mineral resources were completed by Charles Muller of CJM and are reported in an NI 43-101 technical report for the mineral resources reported herein, effective April 18, 2016.



6.

Mineral resources were estimated using Kriging methods for geological domains created in Datamine Studio3 from 262 mother holes and 322 deflections in mineralization. A process of geological modelling and creation of grade shells using indicating kriging was completed in the estimation process.



7.

The estimation of mineral resources have taken into account environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-economic, marketing and political factors. The mineral resources may be materially affected by metals prices, exchange rates, labour costs, electricity supply issues or many other factors detailed in the Company's Annual Information Form.



8.

The following United States dollar prices based on an approximate recent 3-year trailing average in accordance with the SEC guidance were used for the assessment of Resources; Pt 1,243/oz, Pd 720/oz, Au 1,238/oz, Rh 1,015/oz — see "Cautionary Note to United States Investors".



9.

Estimated grades and quantities for by-products will be included in recoverable metals and estimates in the on-going pre-feasibility work. Copper and Nickel are the main value by-products recoverable by flotation and for indicated resources are estimated at 0.18% copper and 0.10% nickel in the T zone 0.07% copper and 0.16% nickel in the F zone.


Previous Waterberg Project Resource dated July 20, 2015:

Indicated: 121 million tonnes grading 3.24 g/t 3E (0.97 g/t Pt, 2.11 g/t Pd, 0.16 g/t Au, 2.5 g/t cut-off)

Inferred: 246 million tonnes grading 3.25 g/t 3E, (0.94 g/t Pt, 2.09 g/t Pd, 0.16 g/t Au, 2.5 g/t cutoff)

The data that formed the basis of the estimate are the drillholes drilled by PTM which consist of geological logs, the drillhole collars, the downhole surveys and the assay data, all of which were validated by the QP. The area where each layer was present was delineated after examination of the intersections in the various drillholes.

There is no guarantee that all or any part of the Mineral Resource will be converted to a Mineral Reserve.

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1.11    Interpretation and Conclusions

Exploration drilling by PTM has intersected layered magmatic PGM mineralisation in what is interpreted to be the northern extension of the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex under the Waterberg Group rocks. This has confirmed the existence of mineralised zones with potentially economic concentrations of PGM's. Improved understanding of the geology allowed improved Resource estimations which provided increases in the Resources reported.

The Estimation was undertaken using best practises in terms of geostatistics.

The objectives in terms of adherence to the Scope of this Study were met in that an updated resource model was produced.

The delineation of the F Zone and T Zone units has been advanced due to better understanding of the geology. As with the previous resource estimate, this mineral resource estimate used mineralised layers identified within this Waterberg Project area. The database used for this estimate consisted of 294 drillholes and 459 deflections. The mineralisation is considered open down-dip and along strike. The Waterberg Project represents one of the largest discoveries of PGE mineralization in recent history. Metallurgical work completed at Mintek along with previously published PEA adds to the confidence in this discovery.

1.12    Recommendations

It is recommended that exploration drilling continues in order to advance the geological confidence in the deposit through infill drilling. This will provide more data for detailed logging and refined modelling. This is expected to confirm the geological continuity and allow the declaration of further Indicated Mineral Resources.

Given the results of the diamond drilling on the northern area and the extent of target areas generated by geophysical surveys, the completion of the planned exploration drilling is recommended north of the location of the current exploration programme. The objective of the exploration drilling would be to find the limit of the current deposit, confirm the understanding of the F Zone and allow appropriate selection of the potential mining cut. This will improve geoscientific confidence in order to upgrade mineral resources to the Indicated category.

Metallurgical and other engineering work completed and underway indicates that a Pre-feasibility study is warranted and recommended to proceed on the Waterberg Project. The deposit should be studied for mechanised mining methods such as room and pillar and long hole mining as a result of the thickness of both the T and F Zones.

Other Projects

        The Company also holds interests in various other early stage exploration projects located in Canada and in South Africa. The Company continues to evaluate exploration opportunities both on currently owned properties and on new prospects.

Recent Developments

        Effective July 1, 2016, we set the salary of R. Michael Jones, our Chief Executive Officer, at CAN$525,000, Frank Hallam, our Chief Financial Officer, at $475,000 and Peter Busse, our Chief Operating Officer, at CAN$350,000. We also established the maximum discretionary cash bonus eligibility with respect to the calendar year ended December 31, 2016 at up to 70% of such salaries for Messrs. Jones and Hallam and up to 60% of such salary for Mr. Busse, based on milestones and deliverables established by the compensation committee of the Company.

        Further details concerning the Company, including information with respect to the Company's assets, operations and history, are provided in the AIF and other documents incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. Readers are encouraged to thoroughly review these documents as they contain important information about the Company.

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in the Securities involves a high degree of risk and must be considered a highly speculative investment due to the nature of the Company's business and the present stage of exploration and development of its mineral properties. Resource exploration and development is a speculative business, characterized by a number of significant risks including, among other things, unprofitable efforts resulting not only from the failure to discover mineral deposits but also from finding mineral deposits, which, though present, are insufficient in quantity or quality to return a profit from production.

Prospective purchasers of the Securities should carefully consider the risk factors set out below, as well as the information included in any Prospectus Supplement and in documents incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any applicable Prospectus Supplement, before making an investment decision to purchase the Securities. Specific reference is made to the section entitled "Risk Factors" in the AIF. See "Documents Incorporated by Reference". Without limiting the foregoing, the following risk factors should be given special consideration when evaluating an investment in the Securities. Each of the risks described herein and in these sections and documents could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, cause actual events to differ materially from those described in the Forward-Looking Statements and information relating to the Company and could result in a loss of your investment. Additional risks not currently known to the Company, or that the Company currently deems immaterial, may also have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Risks Relating to the Company

The Company will require additional financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

        The Amended & Restated Sprott Facility requires the Company to complete the Equity Financings by December 31, 2016. Even if the Equity Financings and any Offerings are successfully completed, the Company may be required to source additional financing by way of private or public offerings of equity or debt or the sale of project or property interests in order to have sufficient working capital for the development and operation of Project 1 and the continued exploration on the Waterberg Project, as well as for general working capital purposes. The Project 1 Working Capital Facilities provide, however, that the Sprott Lenders can require repayment of the Second Sprott Advance from the proceeds of an equity or debt financing (excluding intercompany financings) prior to December 31, 2017. In addition, 50% of the proceeds from any equity or debt financings (excluding intercompany financings) with a value exceeding US$1 million that close after January 31, 2017, in the case of the Amended & Restated Sprott Facility (not including financings where the proceeds are used to repay the Second Sprott Advance, at the election of the Sprott Lenders) and December 31, 2017, in the case of the Liberty Facility, are to be paid to the Lenders in partial repayment of the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities, subject to terms and conditions of the Intercreditor Agreement.

        The success and the pricing of any such capital raising and/or debt financing will be dependent upon the prevailing market conditions at that time. There can be no assurance that financing will be available to the Company or, if it is available, that it will be offered on acceptable terms. If additional financing is raised through the issuance of the Securities, this may have a depressive effect on the price of the Common Shares and the interests of shareholders in the net assets of the Company may be diluted.

        Any failure by the Company to obtain required financing on acceptable terms or on a timely basis could cause the Company to delay development of its material projects or could result in the Company being forced to sell some of its assets on an untimely or unfavorable basis. Any such delay or sale could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Failure to complete the Equity Financings by December 31, 2016 would constitute an event of default under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities. Any default under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities could result in the loss of the Company's entire interest in PTM RSA, and therefore its interests in Project 1, Project 3 and the Waterberg Project.

The Company has a history of losses and it anticipates continuing to incur losses.

        The Company has a history of losses. The Company anticipates continued losses until it can successfully place one or more of its properties into commercial production on a profitable basis. It could be years before the Company receives any profits from any production of metals, if ever. If the Company is unable to generate

20

significant revenues with respect to its properties, the Company will not be able to earn profits or continue operations.

The Company may be unable to generate sufficient cash to service its debt, the terms of the agreements governing the Company's debt may restrict its current or future operations and the indebtedness may adversely affect the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

        The Company's ability to make scheduled payments on the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities will depend on its ability to successfully ramp-up production at Project 1, and on the Company's financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond its control. If the Company's cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund its debt service obligations, the Company could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional debt or equity capital or restructure or refinance the Company's indebtedness, including indebtedness under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities. The Company may not be able to effect any such alternative measures on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, those alternatives may not allow the Company to meet its scheduled debt service obligations.

        In addition, a breach of the covenants under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities or the Company's other debt instruments from time to time could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such a default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt, may result in the imposition of default interest, and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross acceleration or cross default provision applies. In particular, a cross default provision applies to the Amended & Restated Sprott Facility and the Liberty Facility. In the event a Lender accelerates the repayment of the Company's borrowings, the Company may not have sufficient assets to repay its indebtedness.

        The Project 1 Working Capital Facilities contain a number of covenants that impose operating and financial restrictions on the Company and may limit the Company's ability to engage in acts that may be in its long term best interest. In particular, the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities restrict the Company's ability to modify material contracts, to dispose of assets, to use the proceeds from permitted dispositions, to incur additional indebtedness, to enter into transactions with affiliates, and to grant security interests or encumbrances and to use proceeds from future debt or equity financings. In addition, the Company must obtain the consent of the agent under each Project 1 Working Capital Facility to consolidate and contribute the Waterberg JV Project and the Waterberg Extension Project to Waterberg JV Co. Such consents may not be unreasonably withheld by the agents. As a result of these restrictions, the Company may be limited in how it conducts its business, may be unable to raise additional debt or equity financing, may be unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities or may become in breach of its obligations to joint venture partners and others, each of which may affect the Company's ability to grow in accordance with its strategy or may otherwise adversely affect its business and financial condition.

        Further, the Company's maintenance of substantial levels of debt could adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations and could adversely affect its flexibility to take advantage of corporate opportunities. Substantial levels of indebtedness could have important consequences to the Company, including:

•

limiting the Company's ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate requirements, or requiring the Company to make non-strategic divestitures;

•

requiring a substantial portion of the Company's cash flows to be dedicated to debt service payments instead of other purposes, thereby reducing the amount of cash flows available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;

•

increasing the Company's vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

•

exposing the Company to the risk of increased interest rates for any borrowings at variable rates of interest;

21

•

limiting the Company's flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in the industry in which it competes;

•

placing the Company at a disadvantage compared to other, less leveraged competitors; and

•

increasing the Company's cost of borrowing.

The Company has granted first and second ranking security interests in favour of the Lenders over all of its personal property, subject to certain exceptions, and the Company has pledged its shares of PTM RSA to the Lenders under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company.

        To secure its obligations under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities (and in the case of the Liberty Facility, the production payment agreement between the Company, PTM RSA and Liberty Holdings, dated November 19, 2015, as amended, with respect to Project 1 and Project 3 (the "Production Payment Agreement")), the Company has entered into a general security agreement under which the Company has granted first and second ranking security interests in favour of the Lenders over all of its present and after-acquired personal property, subject to certain exceptions, and a share pledge agreement pursuant to which the Company has granted a first and second priority security interest in favour of the Lenders over all of the issued shares in the capital of PTM RSA. PTM RSA has also guaranteed the Company's obligations to the Lenders. These security interests and guarantee may impact the Company's ability to obtain project financing for the Waterberg Project or its ability to secure other types of financing. The Project 1 Working Capital Facilities have various covenants and provisions, including target production provisions, payment covenants and financial tests that must be satisfied and complied with during the term of the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities. There is no assurance that such covenants will be satisfied. Any default under Project 1 Working Capital Facilities, including any covenants thereunder, could result in the loss of the Company's entire interest in PTM RSA, and therefore its interests in Project 1, Project 3 and the Waterberg Project.

The Company has a history of negative operating cash flow, and may continue to experience negative operating cash flow.

        The Company has had negative operating cash flow in recent financial years. The Company's ability to achieve and sustain positive operating cash flow will depend on a number of factors, including the Company's ability to produce at Project 1 on a profitable basis and advance the Waterberg Project into production. To the extent that the Company has negative cash flow in future periods, the Company may need to deploy a portion of its cash reserves to fund such negative cash flow. The Project 1 Working Capital Facilities require that the Company maintain consolidated cash and cash equivalents of at least US$5 million and working capital in excess of US$5 million. The Liberty Facility requires that the Company maintain a debt service coverage ratio of at least 1.20 to 1. The Company may be required to raise additional funds through the issuance of additional equity or debt securities to satisfy the minimum cash balance requirements under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities. The Project 1 Working Capital Facilities provide, however, that a portion of the proceeds from any equity or debt financings (excluding intercompany financings) are required to be paid to the Lenders in partial repayment of the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities, subject to the terms and conditions of the Intercreditor Agreement. See "Business of the Company — Project 1 Working Capital Facilities". There can be no assurance that additional debt or equity financing or other types of financing will be available if needed or that these financings will be on terms at least as favorable to the Company as those obtained previously.

The Company may not be able to continue as a going concern.

        The Company has limited financial resources. The Company's ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon, among other things, the Company establishing commercial quantities of mineral reserves and successfully establishing profitable production of such minerals or, alternatively, disposing of its interests on a profitable basis. Any unexpected costs, problems or delays could severely impact the Company's ability to continue exploration and development activities. Should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern, realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in other than the normal course of business may be at amounts materially different than the Company's estimates. The amounts attributed to the Company's exploration properties in its financial statements represent acquisition and exploration costs and should not be taken to represent realizable value.

22

There may be further delays in the production ramp-up of Project 1 which could result in a default under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and prospects.

        The ramp-up of production at Project 1 has been slower than anticipated and the Company may experience further delays. Timelines are based on management's current expectations and may be affected by a number of factors, including:

•

the availability of adequate funds to complete underground development, including the anticipated net proceeds of an Offering, or funds obtained through alternative sources of financing;

•

the ability of the Company to complete the Equity Financings by December 31, 2016;

•

consultants' analyses and recommendations;

•

the rate at which expenditures are incurred;

•

delays in construction schedules;

•

contractor performance and delivery of services, changes in contractors or their scope of work or any disputes with contractors;

•

availability of major equipment and personnel;

•

the Company's ability to maintain requisite permits and licenses (including a water use license, and the environmental authorization held by Maseve);

•

other potentially required authorizations arising from recent legislative amendments; and

•

the rate of underground development in the north and south declines.

        Some of the above factors are beyond the Company's control and could cause management's timelines not to be realized. It is common for mining projects to experience unexpected costs, problems and delays. The targeted start date for first concentrate production at Project 1 in the fourth quarter of calendar 2015 was delayed. Delays in production ramp-up at Project 1 have also occurred. While there has been no material cost overrun with regard to capital costs, the delay in ramp-up of production at Project 1 has caused a delay in the Company's receipt of anticipated production revenue. The Company had planned to use this revenue to cover a portion of the ongoing capital costs of Project 1. As of September 30, 2016, the anticipated production revenue shortfall of approximately US$42 million has been accommodated by amounts drawn down under the Liberty Facility and the Amended & Restated Sprott Facility. Further delays in the production ramp-up of Project 1 could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and prospects and may also result in a default under the target production provisions of the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities, which may accelerate amounts due thereunder and permit the Lenders to realize on any applicable security thereunder. This could result in a complete loss of the Company's assets, including its investment in PTM RSA, and therefore in Project 1, Project 3 and the Waterberg Project. There is no assurance that insurance for any interruption in production at Project 1 will be available to the Company on economic terms or in such amounts as would be adequate to cover all losses or at all.

        Interruptions in production may trigger events of default under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities. Under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities, the Company will be in default if it fails to meet rolling three-month average production targets at Project 1, starting on October 31, 2016. If the Company fails to meet these production targets, there is no guarantee that Liberty Holdings or the Sprott Lenders will agree to further amendments to the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities. Any default under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities could result in the loss of the Company's interest in PTM RSA and therefore its interests in Project 1, Project 3 and the Waterberg Project.

There can be no assurance that underground development and production ramp-up at Project 1 will meet its production ramp-up timeline or be completed at all or that production at Project 1 will meet the Company's expectations.

        The Company is in the process of underground development and production ramp-up at Project 1. While the Company expects commercial production to be achieved by early 2017, there can be no assurance that the Company will meet this target. In addition, the Company has certain expectations with respect to performance

23

of Project 1, but there can be no assurance that after the underground development and production ramp-up is complete that Project 1 will perform to such expectations. Delays in the underground development and production ramp-up and lower-than-expected performance could impact the Company's revenue and cash flow or result in an event of default relating to the target production provisions under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities.

        Until such time that steady state commercial production is achieved at Project 1, there is no guarantee that Project 1 will generate projected revenue or cash flow.

The Company's properties, including Project 1, may not be brought into a state of commercial production.

        Although the Company has completed commissioning at Project 1, underground development and production ramp-up continue and Project 1 has not yet reached commercial production. Development of mineral properties involves a high degree of risk and few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. The commercial viability of a mineral deposit is dependent upon a number of factors which are beyond the Company's control, including the attributes of the deposit, commodity prices, government policies and regulation and environmental protection. Fluctuations in the market prices of minerals may render reserves and deposits containing relatively lower grades of mineralization uneconomic. The development of the Company's properties, including Project 1, will require obtaining land use consents, permits and the construction and operation of mines, processing plants and related infrastructure. Although Project 1 has been granted the necessary permits and land use zoning, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with establishing new mining operations, including:

•

the timing and cost, which can be considerable, of the construction of mining and processing facilities and related infrastructure;

•

the availability and cost of skilled labour and mining equipment;

•

the availability and cost of appropriate smelting and/or refining arrangements;

•

the need to obtain and maintain necessary environmental and other governmental approvals and permits, and the timing of those approvals and permits;

•

in the event that the required permits are not obtained in a timely manner, the risks of government environmental authorities issuing directives or commencing enforcement proceedings to cease operations or administrative, civil and criminal sanctions being imposed on the Company, its directors and employees;

•

the availability of funds to finance construction and development activities;

•

potential opposition from non-governmental organizations, environmental groups or local groups which may delay or prevent development activities; and

•

potential increases in construction and operating costs due to changes in the cost of fuel, power, materials and supplies and foreign exchange rates.

        The costs, timing and complexities of mine construction and development are increased by the remote location of the Waterberg Project, with additional challenges related thereto, including water and power supply and other support infrastructure. For example, water resources are scarce at the Waterberg Project. If the Company should decide to mine at the Waterberg Project, it will have to establish sources of water and develop the infrastructure required to transport water to the project area. Similarly, the Company will need to secure a suitable location by purchase or long term lease of surface or access rights at the Waterberg Project to establish the surface rights necessary to mine and process.

        It is common in new mining operations to experience unexpected costs, problems and delays during development, construction and mine ramp-up. Accordingly, there are no assurances that the Company's properties, including Project 1, will be brought into a state of commercial production.

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Estimates of mineral reserves and mineral resources are based on interpretation and assumptions and are inherently imprecise.

        The mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates contained in this Prospectus and the other documents incorporated by reference herein have been determined and valued based on assumed future prices, cut off grades and operating costs. However, until mineral deposits are actually mined and processed, mineral reserves and mineral resources must be considered as estimates only. Any such estimates are expressions of judgment based on knowledge, mining experience, analysis of drilling results and industry practices. Estimates of operating costs are based on assumptions including those relating to inflation and currency exchange, which may prove incorrect. Estimates of mineralization can be imprecise and depend upon geological interpretation and statistical inferences drawn from drilling and sampling analysis, which may prove to be unreliable. In addition, the grade and/or quantity of precious metals ultimately recovered may differ from that indicated by drilling results. There can be no assurance that precious metals recovered in small scale tests will be duplicated in large scale tests under onsite conditions or in production scale. Amendments to the mine plans and production profiles may be required as the amount of resources changes or upon receipt of further information during the implementation phase of the project. Extended declines in market prices for platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold may render portions of the Company's mineralization uneconomic and result in reduced reported mineralization. Any material reductions in estimates of mineralization, or of the Company's ability to develop its properties and extract and sell such minerals, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or financial condition.

Actual capital costs, operating costs, production and economic returns may differ significantly from those the Company has anticipated and there are no assurances that any future development activities will result in profitable mining operations.

        The capital costs to take the Company's projects into commercial production may be significantly higher than anticipated. None of the Company's mineral properties has an operating history upon which the Company can base estimates of future operating costs. Decisions about the development of the Company's mineral properties will ultimately be based upon feasibility studies. Feasibility studies derive estimates of cash operating costs based upon, among other things:

•

anticipated tonnage, grades and metallurgical characteristics of the ore to be mined and processed;

•

anticipated recovery rates of metals from the ore;

•

cash operating costs of comparable facilities and equipment; and

•

anticipated climatic conditions.

        Capital costs, operating costs, production and economic returns and other estimates contained in studies or estimates prepared by or for the Company may differ significantly from those anticipated by the Company's current studies and estimates, and there can be no assurance that the Company's actual capital and operating costs will not be higher than currently anticipated. To date, cost escalation in Rand terms has been substantially offset by a weaker Rand, but there is no guarantee that this outcome will continue. As a result of higher capital and operating costs, production and economic returns may differ significantly from those the Company has anticipated.

The Company is subject to the risk of fluctuations in the relative values of the U.S. dollar, the Rand and the Canadian dollar.

        The Company may be adversely affected by foreign currency fluctuations. Effective September 1, 2015, the Company adopted U.S. dollars as the currency for the presentation of its financial statements. Accordingly, the financial statements incorporated by reference in this Prospectus are presented in Canadian dollars, in the case of the fiscal years ended August 31, 2015 and 2014, and in U.S. dollars, in the case of the three- and nine-month periods ended May 31, 2016 and May 31, 2015. Historically, the Company has primarily generated funds through equity investments into the Company denominated in Canadian or U.S. dollars. In the normal course of business, the Company enters into transactions for the purchase of supplies and services primarily denominated in Rand or Canadian dollars. The Company also has assets, cash and liabilities denominated in Rand, Canadian

25

dollars and U.S. dollars. Several of the Company's options to acquire properties or surface rights in South Africa may result in payments by the Company denominated in Rand or in U.S. dollars. Exploration, development and administrative costs to be funded by the Company in South Africa will also be denominated in Rand. Settlement of sales of minerals from the Company's projects, once commercial production commences, will be in Rand, and will be converted to U.S. dollars to make payment of principal and interest on the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the Rand or Canadian dollar may have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial results.

        In addition, South Africa has in the past experienced double digit rates of inflation. If South Africa experiences substantial inflation in the future, the Company's costs in Rand terms will increase significantly, subject to movements in applicable exchange rates. Inflationary pressures may also curtail the Company's ability to access global financial markets in the longer term and its ability to fund planned capital expenditures, and could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. Potential downgrades to South Africa's sovereign currency ratings by international ratings agencies also would likely adversely affect the value of the Rand relative to the Canadian or U.S. dollar. The South African government's response to inflation or other significant macro-economic pressures may include the introduction of policies or other measures that could increase the Company's costs, reduce operating margins and materially adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

Metal prices are subject to change, and low prices or a substantial or extended decline or volatility in such prices could materially and adversely affect the value of the Company's mineral properties and potential future results of operations and cash flows.

        Metal prices have historically been subject to significant price fluctuations. No assurance may be given that metal prices will remain stable. Significant price fluctuations over short periods of time may be generated by numerous factors beyond the control of the Company, including:

•

domestic and international economic and political trends;

•

expectations of inflation;

•

currency exchange fluctuations;

•

interest rates;

•

global or regional consumption patterns;

•

speculative activities; and

•

increases or decreases in production due to improved mining and production methods.

        Low metal prices or significant or continued reductions or volatility in metal prices may have an adverse effect on the Company's business, including the amount of the Company's mineral reserves, the economic attractiveness of the Company's projects, the Company's ability to obtain financing and develop projects, the amount of the Company's revenues or profit or loss and the value of the Company's assets. An impairment in the value of the Company's assets would require such assets to be written down to their estimated net recoverable amount. The Company has not yet determined whether a write down of assets will be required as at August 31, 2016.

The failure of the Company or its joint venture partners to fund their pro-rata share of funds under the respective joint ventures may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations.

        The Company, through its subsidiaries, participates in joint ventures with various partners. In particular, PTM RSA, Africa Wide and Maseve are parties to the Maseve Shareholders Agreement related to the exploration and development of Project 1 and Project 3. On October 18, 2013, Africa Wide advised the Company that it would not be funding its approximately US$21.8 million share of a six-month budget and cash call unanimously approved by the board of directors of Maseve. On March 3, 2014, Africa Wide advised the Company that it would not be funding its approximately US$21.52 million share of a second cash call. Africa Wide's decision may result in significant adverse effects on the Company and Maseve, including delays, increases

26

in expenses, less advantageous financing terms and, potentially, the halting of operations at Project 1. For example, as a result of Africa Wide's decision not to fund its cash calls, a procurement freeze was implemented on Project 1 for approximately 12 weeks from late 2013 into 2014, which resulted in delays to the acquisition and procurement of various goods and services, delaying mill and surface infrastructure construction. Any failure by PTM RSA, Africa Wide or any future shareholder under the Maseve Shareholders Agreement to contribute its pro-rata share of a cash call would result in dilution of that party's interest in proportion to the shortfall, and could have a material adverse effect on the Company as discussed above.

        Pursuant to the terms of the JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment, JOGMEC has been funding all work on the Waterberg Project in accordance with a US$20 million commitment. If the corporatization of the Waterberg Project is completed and the Waterberg Project becomes held by Waterberg JV Co., it is anticipated that the procedures governing further funding for the Waterberg Project will be set forth in a new shareholders' agreement among PTM RSA, JOGMEC and Mnombo. This agreement is in the process of being negotiated, based on provisions set forth in the JOGMEC Agreement, as amended by the JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment. If closing of the JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment does not occur, the JOGMEC 2^nd Agreement will terminate and the parties will default to the JOGMEC Agreement arrangement, with such portion of the US$20 million in expenditures funding already paid by JOGMEC being deemed to be an advance by JOGMEC towards its future spending commitments on the Waterberg JV Project. The Company and Mnombo will be required to make corresponding cash payments in respect of the Waterberg JV Project to pro rata match the advance payments made by JOGMEC, within 120 days of the termination of the JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment, failing which they shall suffer equity dilutions under the JOGMEC Agreement as if such equivalent pro rata amounts were approved program funding in which they elected not to participate.

        Prior to JOGMEC's US$20 million commitment, the Company funded Mnombo's 26% share of the work on the Waterberg Project. The ability of Mnombo to repay the Company for advances as at August 31, 2016 of approximately Rand 25.53 million (approximately US$1.74 million as at August 31, 2016) or to fund future investment in the Waterberg Project may be uncertain. If the Company fails to fund Mnombo's future capital obligations for the Waterberg Project, Mnombo may be required to obtain funding from alternative sources, which may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. If Mnombo is unable to fund its share of such work, this may delay project expenditures and may result in dilution of Mnombo's interest in the Waterberg Project and require the sale of the diluted interests to another qualified BEE entity.

        Because the development of the Company's joint venture projects depends on the ability to finance further operations, any inability of the Company or one or more of its joint venture partners to fund its respective funding obligations and cash calls in the future could require the other partners, including the Company, to increase their funding of the project, which they may be unwilling or unable to do on a timely and commercially reasonable basis, or at all. The occurrence of the foregoing, the failure of any partner, including the Company, to increase their funding as required to cover any shortfall, as well as any dilution of the Company's interests in its joint ventures as a result of its own failure to satisfy a cash call, may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations.

The dilution of Africa Wide may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations.

        Under the terms of the Maseve Shareholders Agreement, the board of directors of Maseve may make cash calls on PTM RSA and Africa Wide. Africa Wide declined to fund its share of cash calls in October 2013 and in March 2014. As a result of the first missed cash call, the Company entered into arbitration proceedings against Africa Wide to determine the extent of the dilution of Africa Wide's interest in Maseve, in accordance with the terms of the Maseve Shareholders Agreement. On August 20, 2014, an arbitrator determined that Africa Wide's shareholding in Maseve would be reduced to 21.2766%. Based on the arbitration award, Africa Wide has been further diluted to approximately 17.1% as a result of Africa Wide's failure to fund the second cash call and therefore the Company's shareholding in Maseve has increased to approximately 82.9%. In addition, as a result of the transactions explained under the risk factor captioned "The failure to maintain or increase equity participation by HDSAs in the Company's prospecting and mining operations could adversely affect the Company's ability to maintain its prospecting and mining rights", there is no guarantee the DMR would recognize Africa Wide as a qualified BEE entity. To comply with the Amended Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South African Mining Industry (the "Mining Charter"), Maseve was required to have 26% ownership by

27

a qualified BEE entity by December 31, 2014 in order to maintain the Mining Right in good standing. Subsequent to the end of the Company's third fiscal quarter of 2016, the DMR requested an update regarding the Company's efforts to increase the HDSA equity ownership percentage in Maseve from 17.1% to 26%. The Company met with the DMR in early June 2016 and the DMR requested a further update by August 7, 2016, while reminding the Company of the risk of potential action under Sections 47 and 93 of the MPRDA if the Company were not to increase the HDSA ownership percentage. The Company has made several attempts to schedule a meeting with the DMR to further discuss this issue. To date, while the Company has been advised by the DMR that the matter will be discussed at a later date, no such meeting has taken place and the DMR has not issued a notice of non-compliance with the MPRDA.

        In addition to unaffiliated BEE qualified companies, the Company has considered Mnombo as the BEE company for such a transaction and remains open to other possibilities. Should Mnombo acquire an interest in Maseve, as with funding to date for the Waterberg Project, the Company would expect to cover Mnombo's share of any cash calls. If Mnombo was not deemed to be a suitable BEE company or if the Company was unsuccessful in reaching an agreement on the terms of Mnombo's investment in Maseve, the Company would be required to reach an agreement with another qualified BEE entity and, failing that, the Company may face possible suspension or cancellation of the Mining Right under a process governed by Section 47 of the MPRDA.

Any disputes or disagreements with the Company's joint venture partners could materially and adversely affect the Company's business.

        The Company participates in joint ventures and may enter into other similar arrangements in the future. PTM RSA is a party to the Maseve Shareholders Agreement related to the exploration and development of Project 1 and Project 3. In addition, PTM RSA is also a party to the Waterberg Extension JV Agreement and the JOGMEC Agreement, as amended by the JOGMEC 2^nd Amendment, related to the exploration and development of the Waterberg Project. If the corporatization of the Waterberg Project is completed, PTM RSA will become party to a shareholders' agreement governing Waterberg JV Co. PTM RSA is also a 49.9% shareholder of Mnombo and the relationship among the shareholders of Mnombo is governed by a formal shareholders' agreement. Any dispute or disagreement with a joint venture partner, any change in the identity, management or strategic direction of a joint venture partner, or any disagreement among the Mnombo shareholders, including with respect to Mnombo's role in the Waterberg Project, could materially adversely affect the Company's business and results of operations. If a dispute arises between the Company and a joint venture partner or the other Mnombo shareholders that cannot be resolved amicably, the Company may be unable to move its projects forward and may be involved in lengthy and costly proceedings to resolve the dispute, such as the dispute that recently led to arbitration with Africa Wide, which could materially and adversely affect the Company's business and results of operations.

Most of the Company's properties contain no known mineral reserves.

        Other than Project 1, all of the Company's properties are in the exploration stage, meaning that the Company has not determined whether such properties contain mineral reserves that are economically recoverable. The Company may never discover metals in commercially exploitable quantities at these properties. Failure to discover economically recoverable reserves on a mineral property will require the Company to write off the costs capitalized for that property in its financial statements.

        Substantial additional work will be required in order to determine if any economic deposits exist on the Company's properties outside of Project 1. Substantial expenditures are required to establish mineral reserves through drilling and metallurgical and other testing techniques. No assurance can be given that any level of recovery of any mineral reserves will be realized or that any identified mineral deposit will ever qualify as a commercial mineable ore body that can be legally and economically exploited.

Completion of a pre-feasibility study for the Waterberg Project is subject to economic analysis requirements.

        Completion of a pre-feasibility study for the Waterberg Project is subject to completion of a positive economic analysis of the mineral deposit.

28

If the Company is unable to retain key members of management, the Company's business might be harmed.

        The Company's development to date has depended, and in the future will continue to depend, on the efforts of its senior management including: R. Michael Jones, President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company; Frank R. Hallam, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary and a director of the Company; and Peter Busse, Chief Operating Officer of the Company. The Company currently does not, and does not intend to, have key person insurance for these individuals. Departures by members of senior management could have a negative impact on the Company's business, as the Company may not be able to find suitable personnel to replace departing management on a timely basis or at all. The loss of any member of the senior management team could impair the Company's ability to execute its business plan and could therefore have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition.

If the Company is unable to procure the services of skilled and experienced personnel, the Company's business might be harmed.

        There is currently a shortage of skilled and experienced personnel in the mining industry in South Africa. The competition for skilled and experienced employees is exacerbated by the fact that mining companies operating in South Africa are legally obliged to recruit and retain historically disadvantaged South Africans ("HDSAs"), as defined respectively by the MPRDA and the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act, 2003 (the "BEE Act"), and women with the relevant skills and experience at levels that meet the transformation objectives set out in the MPRDA and the Mining Charter. Skilled and experienced personnel are especially important at Project 1 since the deposit does not lend itself to mechanized methods. If the Company is unable to attract and retain sufficiently trained, skilled or experienced personnel, its business may suffer and it may experience significantly higher staff or contractor costs, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.

Conflicts of interest may arise among the Company's officers and directors as a result of their involvement with other mineral resource companies.

        Certain of the Company's officers and directors are, and others may become, associated with other natural resource companies that acquire interests in mineral properties. R. Michael Jones, President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company, is also the President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of West Kirkland Mining Inc. ("WKM"), a public company with mineral exploration properties in Ontario and Nevada, and a director of Nextraction Energy Corp. ("NE"), a public company with oil properties in Alberta, Kentucky and Wyoming. Frank Hallam, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary and a director of the Company, is also a director, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary of WKM, and a director of NE. Eric Carlson, a director of the Company, is a director of NE. Diana Walters, a director of the Company, was formerly an executive officer of Liberty Holdings, a significant shareholder of the Company, the Lender under the Liberty Facility, and the holder of a production payment right under the Production Payment Agreement.

        Such associations may give rise to conflicts of interest from time to time. As a result of these potential conflicts of interests, the Company may miss the opportunity to participate in certain transactions, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position. The Company's directors are required by law to act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company and to disclose any interest that they may have in any project or opportunity of the Company. If a subject involving a conflict of interest arises at a meeting of the board of directors, any director in a conflict must disclose his interest and abstain from voting on such matter.

The Company may become subject to litigation and other legal proceedings that may adversely affect the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

        All companies are subject to legal claims, with and without merit. The Company's operations are subject to the risk of legal claims by employees, unions, contractors, lenders, suppliers, joint venture partners, shareholders, governmental agencies or others through private actions, class actions, administrative proceedings, regulatory actions or other litigation. The outcome of litigation and other legal proceedings that the Company

29

may be involved in the future, particularly regulatory actions, is difficult to assess or quantify. Plaintiffs may seek recovery of very large or indeterminate amounts, and the magnitude of the potential loss relating to such lawsuits may remain unknown for substantial periods of time. Defense and settlement costs can be substantial, even with respect to claims that have no merit. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation process, the litigation process could take away from the time and effort of the Company's management and could force the Company to pay substantial legal fees. There can be no assurance that the resolution of any particular legal proceeding will not have an adverse effect on the Company's financial position and results of operations.

An actual or alleged breach or breaches in governance processes or fraud, bribery and corruption may lead to public and private censure, regulatory penalties, loss of licenses or permits and may damage the Company's reputation.

        The Company is subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations, including the Canadian Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act and certain restrictions applicable to U.S. reporting companies imposed by the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and similar anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws in South Africa, which generally prohibit companies from bribing or making other prohibited payments to foreign public officials in order to obtain or retain an advantage in the course of business. The Company's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, among other governance and compliance processes, may not prevent instances of fraudulent behavior and dishonesty nor guarantee compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. The Company is particularly exposed to the potential for corruption and bribery owing to the financial scale of the mining business in South Africa. In March 2014, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ("OECD") released its Phase 3 Report on Implementing the OECD Anti-bribery Convention in South Africa, criticizing South Africa for failing to enforce the anti-bribery convention to which it has been a signatory since 2007. The absence of enforcement of corporate liability for foreign bribery coincides with recent growth in corporate activity in South Africa's economic environment. Allegations of bribery, improper personal influence or officials holding simultaneous business interests have been linked in recent years to the highest levels of the South African government. To the extent that the Company suffers from any actual or alleged breach or breaches of relevant laws, including South African anti-bribery and corruption legislation, it may lead to regulatory and civil fines, litigation, public and private censure and loss of operating licenses or permits and may damage the Company's reputation. The occurrence of any of these events could have an adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to the Mining Industry

Mining is inherently dangerous and is subject to conditions or events beyond the Company's control, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business.

        Hazards such as fire, explosion, floods, structural collapses, industrial accidents, unusual or unexpected geological conditions, ground control problems, power outages, inclement weather, cave-ins and mechanical equipment failure are inherent risks in the Company's mining operations. These and other hazards may cause injuries or death to employees, contractors or other persons at the Company's mineral properties, severe damage to and destruction of the Company's property, plant and equipment and mineral properties, and contamination of, or damage to, the environment, and may result in the suspension of the Company's exploration and development activities and any future production activities. Safety measures implemented by the Company may not be successful in preventing or mitigating future accidents and the Company may not be able to obtain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums or at all. Insurance against certain environmental risks is not generally available to the Company or to other companies within the mining industry.

        In addition, from time to time the Company may be subject to governmental investigations and claims and litigation filed on behalf of persons who are harmed while at its properties or otherwise in connection with the Company's operations. To the extent that the Company is subject to personal injury or other claims or lawsuits in the future, it may not be possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these claims and lawsuits due to the nature of personal injury litigation. Similarly, if the Company is subject to governmental investigations or proceedings, the Company may incur significant penalties and fines, and enforcement actions against it could result in the cessation of certain of the Company's mining operations. During the period of February and March 2013, operations at Project 1 halted for approximately one month due to a notice under Section 54 of the Mine Health and Safety Act, No. 29 of 2006 issued in relation to a surface worker fatality that occurred onsite. Since

30

March 2013, Maseve has received several notices under Section 54 that have resulted in short-term halts to operations. If claims, lawsuits, governmental investigations or proceedings, including Section 54 notices, are resolved against the Company, the Company's financial performance, financial position and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

The Company's prospecting and mining rights are subject to title risks.

        The Company's prospecting and mining rights may be subject to prior unregistered agreements, transfers, claims and title may be affected by undetected defects. A successful challenge to the precise area and location of these claims could result in the Company being unable to operate on its properties as permitted or being unable to enforce its rights with respect to its properties. This could result in the Company not being compensated for its prior expenditures relating to the property. Title insurance is generally not available for mineral properties and the Company's ability to ensure that it has obtained secure claims to individual mineral properties or mining concessions may be severely constrained. These or other defects could adversely affect the Company's title to its properties or delay or increase the cost of the development of such prospecting and mining rights.

The Company is subject to significant governmental regulation.

        The Company's operations and exploration and development activities in South Africa and Canada are subject to extensive federal, state, provincial, territorial and local laws and regulation governing various matters, including:

•

environmental protection;

•

management and use of hazardous and toxic substances and explosives;

•

management of tailings and other waste generated by the Company's operations;

•

management of natural resources;

•

exploration, development of mines, production and post-closure reclamation;

•

exports and, in South Africa, potential local beneficiation quotas;

•

price controls;

•

taxation;

•

regulations concerning business dealings with local communities;

•

labour standards, BEE laws and regulations and occupational health and safety, including mine safety; and

•

historic and cultural preservation.

        Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may result in civil or criminal fines or administrative penalties or enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities enjoining or curtailing operations, requiring corrective measures, installation of additional equipment, remedial actions or recovery of costs if the authorities attend to remediation of any environmental pollution or degradation, any of which could result in the Company incurring significant expenditures. Environmental non-profit organizations have become particularly vigilant in South Africa and focus on the mining sector. Several such organizations have recently instituted actions against mining companies. The Company may also be required to compensate private parties suffering loss or damage by reason of a breach of such laws, regulations or permitting requirements. It is also possible that future laws and regulations, or a more stringent enforcement of current laws and regulations by governmental authorities, could cause additional expense, capital expenditures, restrictions on or suspensions of the Company's operations and delays in the development of the Company's properties.

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The Company may face equipment shortages, access restrictions and lack of infrastructure.

        Natural resource exploration, development and mining activities are dependent on the availability of mining, drilling and related equipment in the particular areas where such activities are conducted. A limited supply of such equipment or access restrictions may affect the availability of such equipment to the Company and may delay exploration, development or extraction activities. Certain equipment may not be immediately available, or may require long lead time orders. A delay in obtaining necessary equipment for mineral exploration, including drill rigs, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's operations and financial results.

        Mining, processing, development and exploration activities also depend, to one degree or another, on the availability of adequate infrastructure. Reliable roads, bridges, power sources, fuel and water supply and the availability of skilled labour and other infrastructure are important determinants that affect capital and operating costs. At the Waterberg Project, additional infrastructure will be required prior to commencement of mining. At Project 1, the Company's most advanced project, construction is substantially complete and production ramp-up is underway. The establishment and maintenance of infrastructure, and services are subject to a number of risks, including risks related to the availability of equipment and materials, inflation, cost overruns and delays, political opposition and reliance upon third parties, many of which are outside the Company's control. The lack of availability on acceptable terms or the delay in the availability of any one or more of these items could prevent or delay development or ongoing operation of the Company's projects.

        Exploration of mineral properties is less intrusive, and generally requires fewer surface and access rights, than properties developed for mining. The Company has not secured any surface rights at the Waterberg Project other than those access rights legislated by the MPRDA. If a decision is made to develop the Waterberg Project, or other projects in which the Company has yet to secure adequate surface rights, the Company will need to secure such rights. No assurances can be provided that the Company will be able to secure required surface rights on favorable terms, or at all. Any failure by the Company to secure surface rights could prevent or delay development of the Company's projects.

The Company's operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations that may increase the Company's costs of doing business and restrict its operations.

        Environmental legislation on a global basis is evolving in a manner that will ensure stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessment of proposed development and a higher level of responsibility and potential liability for companies and their officers, directors, employees and, potentially, shareholders. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may require significant capital outlays on behalf of the Company and may cause material changes or delays in the Company's intended activities. There can be no assurance that future changes to environmental legislation in Canada or South Africa will not adversely affect the Company's operations. Environmental hazards may exist on the Company's properties which are unknown at present and which have been caused by previous or existing owners or operators for which the Company could be held liable. Furthermore, future compliance with environmental reclamation, closure and other requirements may involve significant costs and other liabilities. In particular, the Company's operations and exploration activities are subject to Canadian and South African national and provincial laws and regulations governing protection of the environment. Such laws are continually changing and, in general, are becoming more onerous. See "South African Regulatory Framework — Environment" in the AIF.

        Amendments to current laws, regulations and permits governing operations and activities of mining companies, or more stringent implementation thereof, could have a material adverse impact on the Company and cause increases in capital expenditures or production costs or a reduction in levels of production at producing properties or require abandonment or delays in development of new mining properties.

        Environmental hazards may exist on the Company's properties that are unknown at the present time, and that may have been caused by previous owners or operators or that may have occurred naturally. These hazards, as well as any pollution caused by the Company's mining activities, may give rise to significant financial obligations in the future and such obligations could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial performance.

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The mineral exploration industry is extremely competitive.

        The resource industry is intensely competitive in all of its phases. Much of the Company's competition is from larger, established mining companies with greater liquidity, greater access to credit and other financial resources, and that may have newer or more efficient equipment, lower cost structures, more effective risk management policies and procedures and/or greater ability than the Company to withstand losses. The Company's competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new laws or regulations or emerging technologies, or devote greater resources to the expansion of their operations, than the Company can. In addition, current and potential competitors may make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties. Competition could adversely affect the Company's ability to acquire suitable new producing properties or prospects for exploration in the future. Competition could also affect the Company's ability to raise financing to fund the exploration and development of its properties or to hire qualified personnel. The Company may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors, and any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations.

The Company requires various permits in order to conduct its current and anticipated future operations, and delays or a failure to obtain such permits, or a failure to comply with the terms of any such permits that the Company has obtained, could have a material adverse impact on the Company.

        The Company's current and anticipated future operations, including further exploration, development activities and commencement of commercial production on the Company's properties, require permits from various national, provincial, territorial and local governmental authorities in the countries in which the Company's properties are located. Compliance with the applicable environmental legislation, permits and land use consents is required on an ongoing basis, and the requirements under such legislation, permits and consents are evolving rapidly and imposing additional requirements for Project 1. The Waterberg Project prospecting rights issued by the DMR are also subject to land use consents and compliance with applicable legislation on an ongoing basis.

        In addition, the duration and success of efforts to obtain, amend and renew permits are contingent upon many variables not within the Company's control. Shortage of qualified and experienced personnel in the various levels of government could result in delays or inefficiencies. Backlog within the permitting agencies could also affect the permitting timeline of the Company's various projects. Other factors that could affect the permitting timeline include the number of other large scale projects currently in a more advanced stage of development, which could slow down the review process, and significant public response regarding a specific project. As well, it can be difficult to assess what specific permitting requirements will ultimately apply to all of the Company's projects.

Risks of Doing Business in South Africa

Labour disruptions and increased labour costs could have an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.

        Although the Company's employees are not unionized at this time, contractors operating on the Project 1 mine site in South Africa have employees that are unionized. As a result, trade unions could have a significant impact on the Company's labour relations, as well as on social and political reforms. There is a risk that strikes or other types of conflict with unions or employees may occur at any of the Company's operations, particularly where the labour force is unionized. Labour disruptions may be used to advocate labour, political or social goals in the future. For example, labour disruptions may occur in sympathy with strikes or labour unrest in other sectors of the economy. South African employment law sets out minimum terms and conditions of employment for employees, which form the benchmark for all employment contracts. Disruptions in the Company's business due to strikes or further developments in South African labour laws may increase the Company's costs or alter its relationship with its employees and trade unions, which may have an adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operations. South Africa has recently experienced widespread illegal strikes and violence.

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Interruptions, shortages or cuts in the supply of electricity or water could lead to disruptions in production and a reduction in the Company's operating capacity.

        The Company procures all of the electricity necessary for its operations from ESKOM Holdings Limited ("ESKOM"), South Africa's state owned electricity utility, and no significant alternative sources of supply are available to it. ESKOM has suffered from prolonged underinvestment in new generating capacity which, combined with increased demand, has led to electricity shortages in recent years. Since 2008, ESKOM has invested heavily in new base load power generation capacity, but its principal project, a power station known as Medupi, has been subject to delays, with the last unit scheduled for commissioning in 2019. In addition, ESKOM is heavily dependent on coal to fuel its electricity plants. Accordingly, if coal mining companies experience labour unrest or disruptions to production (which have occurred historically in South Africa, including a coal strike by approximately 30,000 National Union of Mineworkers members which lasted for approximately one week in October 2015), or if heavy rains, particularly during the summer months in South Africa, adversely impact coal production or coal supplies, ESKOM may have difficulty supplying sufficient electricity supply to the Company.

        The Company procures water from Magalies Water, the statutory, state-owned water authority in the Company's area of operations. The Company is dependent on the availability of water in its areas of operations and in particular on the ability of Magalies Water to provide it with sufficient allocation of water to enable it to conduct its business. Shifting rainfall patterns and increasing demands on the existing water supply have caused water shortages in the Company's areas of operations.

        If electricity or water supplies are insufficient or unreliable, the Company may be unable to operate as anticipated, which may disrupt production and reduce revenues.

Any adverse decision in respect of the Company's mineral rights and projects in South Africa under the MPRDA could materially affect the Company's projects in South Africa.

        With the enactment of the MPRDA, the South African state became the sole regulator of all prospecting and mining operations in South Africa. All prospecting and mining licenses and claims granted in terms of any prior legislation became known as the "old order rights". All prospecting and mining rights granted in terms of the MPRDA are "new order rights". The treatment of new applications and pending applications is uncertain and any adverse decision by the relevant regulatory authorities under the MPRDA may adversely affect title to the Company's mineral rights in South Africa, which could stop, materially delay or restrict the Company from proceeding with its exploration and development activities or any future mining operations.

        A wide range of factors and principles must be taken into account by the South African Minister of Mineral Resources (the "Minister") when considering applications for new order rights. These factors include the applicant's access to financial resources and appropriate technical ability to conduct the proposed prospecting or mining operations, the environmental impact of the operation, whether the applicant holds an environmental authorization and, in the case of prospecting rights, considerations relating to fair competition. Other factors include considerations relevant to promoting employment and the social and economic welfare of all South Africans and showing compliance with the provisions regarding the empowerment of HDSAs in the mining industry. All of the Company's old order prospecting rights in respect of Project 1 and Project 3 were first converted into new order prospecting rights and subsequently, in April 2012, were superseded by the Mining Right. All of the Company's current prospecting rights are new order rights.

        The assessment of some of the provisions of the MPRDA or the Mining Charter may be subjective and is dependent upon the views of the DMR as to whether the Company is in compliance. Maseve's social and labour plan, for instance, contains both quantitative and qualitative goals, targets and commitments relating to the Company's obligations to its employees and community residents, the achievement of some of which are not exclusively within the Company's control. Certain of the socio economic projects identified in the social and labour plan have proved inappropriate or unviable given prevailing conditions and levels of training within the local communities in the vicinity of Project 1. Such projects have been identified and the Company has consulted with the DMR regarding a course of action. An application is being made to the DMR to amend the social and labour plan to target more appropriate and viable projects. If Maseve is found to be in non-compliance with its

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social and labour plan, the Minister may institute the Section 47 process discussed below. At this time, the Company has not received a notice of non-compliance from the DMR.

        The Minister has the discretion to cancel or suspend mining rights under Section 47(1) of the MPRDA as a consequence of the Company's non-compliance with the MPRDA, environmental legislation, the Mining Charter, the terms of its Mining Right and prospecting rights or if mining is not progressing optimally. The Section 47 process involves multiple, successive stages which include granting the Company a reasonable opportunity to show why its rights should not be cancelled or suspended. Pursuant to the terms of the provisions of Section 6(2)(e)(iii) of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, No. 3 of 2000 ("PAJA") read with Section 6 of the MPRDA, the Minister can direct the Company to take remedial measures. If such remedial measures are not taken, the Minister must again give the Company a reasonable opportunity to make representations as to why such remedial measures were not taken. The Minister must then properly consider the Company's further representations (which considerations must also comply with PAJA) and only then is the Minister entitled to cancel or suspend a mining right. Any such cancellation or suspension will be subject to judicial review if it is not in compliance with the MPRDA or PAJA, or it is not lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair under Section 33(1) of the South African Constitution.

        Failure by the Company to meet its obligations in relation to its Mining Right or prospecting rights or the Mining Charter could lead to the suspension or cancellation of such rights and the suspension of the Company's other rights, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.

The failure to maintain or increase equity participation by HDSAs in the Company's prospecting and mining operations could adversely affect the Company's ability to maintain its prospecting and mining rights.

        The Company is subject to a number of South African statutes aimed at promoting the accelerated integration of HDSAs, including the MPRDA, the BEE Act and the Mining Charter. To ensure that socio-economic strategies are implemented, the MPRDA provides for the Mining Codes which specify empowerment targets consistent with the objectives of the Mining Charter. The Mining Charter Scorecard requires the mining industry's commitment of applicants in respect of ownership, management, employment equity, human resource development, procurement and beneficiation. For ownership by BEE groups in mining enterprises, the Mining Charter Scorecard sets a 26% target by December 31, 2014.

        The South African government awards procurement contracts, quotas, licenses, permits and prospecting and mining rights based on numerous factors, including the degree of HDSA ownership. The MPRDA and Mining Charter contain provisions relating to the economic empowerment of HDSAs. One of the requirements which must be met before the DMR will issue a prospecting right or mining right is that an applicant must facilitate equity participation by HDSAs in the prospecting and mining operations which result from the granting of the relevant rights. As a matter of stated policy, the DMR requires a minimum of 26% HDSA ownership for the grant of applications for mining rights. The Mining Charter required a minimum of 26% HDSA ownership by December 31, 2014.

        The Company has sought to satisfy the foregoing requirements by partnering, at the operating company level, with companies demonstrating 26% HDSA ownership. The Company has partnered with Africa Wide with respect to Maseve, which owns the Mining Right, and has partnered with Mnombo with respect to the Waterberg JV Project and for the prospecting rights and applications over the Waterberg Extension Project.

        The Company believes that Africa Wide was majority owned by HDSAs in 2002, when it first partnered with the Company. However, the Company's contractual arrangements with Africa Wide do not currently require Africa Wide to maintain any minimum level of HDSA ownership or to certify the level of such ownership to the Company. In 2007, Wesizwe (which was then majority owned by HDSAs) acquired 100% of the shares of Africa Wide. On an application of the modified flow-through principles, Africa Wide remained an HDSA company. On December 8, 2008, the Company entered into certain agreements to consolidate and rationalize the ownership of the Western Bushveld Joint Venture (the "Consolidation Transaction"). Under the terms of the Consolidation Transaction, the Company transferred its 18.5% interest in Project 2 of what was formerly the Western Bushveld Joint Venture to Wesizwe, therefore providing attributable units of production and further enhancing the ownership of mining assets by HDSA companies. Under the same transaction, Rustenburg

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Platinum Mines Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Anglo American Platinum Limited ("Amplats") acquired a then approximately 26.9% interest in Wesizwe. In 2011, Jinchuan Group Limited of China and China Africa Development Fund, with the approval of the DMR and notwithstanding that the transaction resulted in Wesizwe not being majority owned by HDSAs, acquired a then approximately 45% interest in Wesizwe. Although Amplats' interest is held for preferential disposition to a qualified BEE purchaser, HDSAs do not currently own a majority of the Wesizwe equity. In April 2012, Maseve was granted the Mining Right by the DMR which, by stated policy, is an acknowledgement of Maseve's BEE compliance status as being acceptable to the DMR. There can be no assurance when, or if, the transfer of Amplats' interest in Wesizwe to a qualified BEE purchaser will occur. Also, there can be no assurance that the HDSA ownership may not be re -assessed or that the criteria for HDSA ownership may not be interpreted differently in the future. If only the direct shareholdings of Africa Wide and its parent are considered, and other factors which were considered by the DMR at the time of grant are set aside, Maseve, solely on flow-through principles, would have been, and remains, below the 26% HDSA ownership level.

        Further, on August 20, 2014, an award in the binding arbitration with respect to the calculation of dilution to the ownership of Africa Wide in Maseve was completed and delivered to the Company. The arbitrator ruled in favor of the Company on all matters in contention. The favourable award reduced Africa Wide's shareholding in Maseve to 21.2766%. As a result of Africa Wide's decision on March 3, 2014 not to fund its US$21.52 million share of a second cash call delivered in February 2014, Africa Wide's ownership in Maseve was further reduced to approximately 17.1% based on the dilution formula in the Maseve Shareholders Agreement, as confirmed by the arbitration. Until the Company sells the diluted percentage interest in Maseve previously held by Africa Wide to an alternative, qualified BEE company, Maseve will have less than 26% HDSA ownership.

        The Company is satisfied that Mnombo is majority-owned by HDSAs. The contractual arrangements between Mnombo, the Company and the HDSAs require the HDSAs to maintain a minimum level of HDSA ownership in Mnombo of more than 50%. However, if at any time Mnombo becomes a company that is not majority owned by HDSAs, the ownership structure of the Waterberg JV Project and the prospecting rights and applications over the Waterberg Extension Project may be deemed not to satisfy HDSA requirements.

        As the Company has historically partnered with BEE groups or companies that were HDSA-controlled at the time on all of its material projects in South Africa at a level of 26% at an operating or project level it relies upon the continuing consequences of such transactions (the so-called "once empowered, always empowered" principle) for ownership compliance with the Mining Charter in regard to Maseve.

        There is currently no legal or regulatory certainty over whether the principle of "once empowered, always empowered" (i.e., whether a company that has reached its empowerment targets under the Mining Charter will remain empowered if its HDSA participation subsequently falls below required thresholds) would apply. The DMR and the Chamber of Mines of South Africa (acting on behalf of the mining industry) are currently engaged in litigation which may result in some clarity on the "once empowered, always empowered" principle, but this is likely to be a lengthy process and no assurance can be given regarding the ultimate outcome of such litigation or its impact on the Company. In addition, an application has been filed in the High Court of South Africa to have the Mining Charter itself set aside.

        On April 15, 2016, the Reviewed Broad Based Black-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South African Mining and Minerals Industry (the "New Draft Charter") was published for comment. Interested parties were given a period of 30 days from date of publication to make submissions to the DMR. The DMR continues to engage with the Chamber of Mines and with the industry in regard to the New Draft Charter. The New Draft Charter requires mining companies to maintain 26% BEE ownership throughout the life of the mine. If adopted in its current form, the New Draft Charter will require Maseve to conclude further BEE transactions to increase its BEE ownership level to 26% once more. However, the New Draft Charter envisages that mining companies will be given a period of three years within which to achieve compliance.

        Subject to conditions contained in the Company's prospecting and mining rights, the Company may be required to obtain approval from the DMR prior to undergoing any change in its empowerment status under the Mining Charter. In addition, if the Company or its BEE partners are found to be in non-compliance with the requirements of the Mining Charter and other BEE regulations, including failure to retain the requisite level of

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HDSA ownership, the Company may face possible suspension or cancellation of its mining rights under a process governed by Section 47 of the MPRDA.

        In addition, there have been a number of proposals made at governmental level in South Africa regarding amendments and clarifications to the methodology for determining HDSA ownership and control of mining businesses, including the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Amendment Bill, 2013, which create greater uncertainty in measuring the Company's progress towards, and compliance with, its commitments under the Mining Charter and other BEE regulations. If implemented, any of these proposals could result in, among other things, stricter criteria for qualification as an HDSA investor.

        The Company is obliged to report on its compliance with the Mining Charter, including its percentage of HDSA shareholding, to the DMR on an annual basis. The Company's 2015 report was submitted on May 3, 2016. Although no feedback has been received in regard to either the 2014 or the 2015 filing, the Company received a request from the DMR subsequent to the end of its third fiscal quarter in 2016 to provide an update as to its plan to achieve a 26% HDSA equity ownership percentage for Maseve. The Company met with the DMR in early June 2016 and the DMR requested a further update by August 7, 2016, while reminding the Company of the risk of potential action under Sections 47 and 93 of the MPRDA if the Company were not to increase the HDSA ownership percentage. The Company has made several attempts to schedule a meeting with the DMR to further discuss this issue. To date, while the Company has been advised by the DMR that the matter will be discussed at a later date, no such meeting has taken place and the DMR has not issued a notice of non-compliance with the MPRDA.

        If the Company is required to increase the percentage of HDSA ownership in any of its operating companies or projects, the Company's interests may be diluted. In addition, it is possible that any such transactions or plans, or the investment by a new BEE partner in Maseve to attain a 26% interest by qualified BEE companies, may need to be executed at a discount to the proper economic value of the Company's operating assets or it may also prove necessary for the Company to provide vendor financing or other support in respect of some or all of the consideration, which may be on non-commercial terms. Under the terms of the Maseve Shareholders Agreement, if Maseve is instructed by the DMR to increase its HDSA ownership, any agreed costs or dilution of interests shall be borne equally by the Company and Africa Wide, notwithstanding that Africa Wide holds 17.1% of the equity after the second missed cash call.

        Currently, the South African Department of Trade and Industry is responsible for leading government action on the implementation of BEE initiatives under the auspices of the BEE Act and the generic BEE Codes of Good Practice (the "Generic BEE Codes"), while certain industries have their own transformation charters administered by the relevant government department (in this case, the DMR). The Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Amendment Act, No. 16 of 2013 (the "BEE Amendment Act") came into operation on October 24, 2014. Among other matters, the BEE Amendment Act amends the BEE Act to make the BEE Act the overriding legislation in South Africa with regard to BEE requirements (the "Trumping Provision") and will require all governmental bodies to apply the Generic BEE Codes or other relevant code of good practice when procuring goods and services or issuing licenses or other authorizations under any other laws, and penalize fronting or misrepresentation of BEE information. The Trumping Provision came into effect on October 24, 2015. However, on October 30, 2015, the South African Minister of Trade and Industry exempted the DMR from applying the Trumping Provision for a period of twelve months on the basis that the alignment of the Mining Charter with the BEE Act and the Generic BEE Codes was an ongoing process. The New Draft Charter purports to align the Mining Charter with the Generic BEE Codes. It is unclear whether the New Draft Charter will be finalized before the exemption period from application of the Trumping Provision expires on October 31, 2016. This exemption period may be further extended given that such alignment is still ongoing. If the New Draft Charter is not finalized before the exemption period expires and a further exemption period is not granted, the Generic BEE Codes will apply. Generally speaking, the amended Generic BEE Codes will make BEE-compliance more onerous to achieve. The Generic BEE Codes are substantially different from the Mining Charter and, if they were to apply to the mining industry, would place the industry at a disadvantage. See "South African Regulatory Framework — Black Economic Empowerment in the South African Mining Industry" in the AIF.

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        The Generic BEE Codes will require Mnombo to be 51% held and controlled by HDSAs to qualify it as a "black-controlled company" and hence a qualified BEE entity. Mnombo is presently 50.1% owned and controlled by HDSAs.

        If the Company is unable to achieve or maintain its empowered status under the Mining Charter or comply with any other BEE regulations or policies, it may not be able to maintain its existing prospecting and mining rights and/or acquire any new rights and therefore would be obliged to suspend or dispose of some or all of its operations in South Africa, which would likely have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.

Socio-economic instability in South Africa or regionally, including the risk of resource nationalism, may have an adverse effect on the Company's operations and profits.

        The Company has ownership interests in significant projects in South Africa. As a result, it is subject to political and economic risks relating to South Africa, which could affect an investment in the Company. South Africa was transformed into a democracy in 1994. The government policies aimed at redressing the disadvantages suffered by the majority of citizens under previous governments may impact the Company's South African business. In addition to political issues, South Africa faces many challenges in overcoming substantial differences in levels of economic development among its people. Large parts of the South African population do not have access to adequate education, health care, housing and other services, including water and electricity.

        This issue was particularly acute in late 2012 when wild cat strikes and violence occurred near Project 1 and generally at other platinum mines. There can be no assurance that wild cat strikes and violence will not occur at the Company's properties in the future. Wild cat strikes and violence at Project 1 may have a material negative impact on the project and its start-up mine operations. The Company also faces a number of risks from deliberate, malicious or criminal acts relating to these inequalities, including theft, fraud, bribery and corruption.

        The Company is also subject to the risk of resource nationalism, which encompasses a range of measures, such as expropriation or taxation, whereby governments increase their economic interest in natural resources, with or without compensation. Although wholesale nationalization was rejected by the ruling party, the African National Congress (the "ANC"), leading into the 2014 national elections, a resolution adopted by the ANC on nationalization calls for state intervention in the economy, including "state ownership". A wide range of stakeholders have proposed ways in which the State could extract greater economic value from the South African mining industry. A call for resource nationalization has also been made by a new political party, the Economic Freedom Fighters, under the leadership of Julius Malema.

        The Company cannot predict the future political, social and economic direction of South Africa or the manner in which government will attempt to address the country's inequalities. Actions taken by the South African government, or by its people without the sanction of law, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business. Furthermore, there has been regional, political and economic instability in countries north of South Africa, which may affect South Africa. Such factors may have a negative impact on the Company's ability to own, operate and manage its South African mining projects.

Changes in South African State royalties where many of the Company's mineral reserves are located could have an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and its financial condition.

        The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Royalty Act, No. 28 of 2008 (the "Royalty Act") effectively came into operation on May 1, 2009. The Royalty Act establishes a variable royalty rate regime, in which the prevailing royalty rate for the year of assessment is assessed against the gross sales of the extractor during the year. The royalty rate is calculated based on the profitability of the mine (earnings before interest and taxes) and varies depending on whether the mineral is transferred in refined or unrefined form. For mineral resources transferred in unrefined form, the minimum royalty rate is 0.5% of gross sales and the maximum royalty rate is 7% of gross sales. For mineral resources transferred in refined form, the maximum royalty rate is 5% of gross sales. The royalty will be a tax deductible expense. The royalty becomes payable when the mineral resource is "transferred," which refers to the disposal of a mineral resource, the export of a mineral resource or the consumption, theft, destruction or loss of a mineral resource. The Royalty Act allows the holder of a mining right to enter into an agreement with the tax authorities to fix the percentage royalty that will be payable in

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respect of all mining operations carried out in respect of that resource for as long as the extractor holds the right. The holder of a mining right may withdraw from such agreement at any time.

        The feasibility studies covering the Company's South African projects made certain assumptions related to the expected royalty rates under the Royalty Act. If and when the Company begins earning revenue from its South African mining projects, and if the royalties under the Royalty Act differ from those assumed in the feasibility studies, this new royalty could have a material and adverse impact on the economic viability of the Company's projects in South Africa, as well as on the Company's prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Characteristics of and changes in the tax systems in South Africa could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.

        The Company's subsidiaries pay different types of governmental taxes in South Africa, including corporation tax, payroll taxes, VAT, state royalties, various forms of duties, dividend withholding tax and interest withholding tax. The tax regime in South Africa is subject to change.

        After having published a number of papers on the introduction of a carbon tax, the South African government released the draft Carbon Tax Bill in November 2015 for comment by interested parties. Greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, fugitive emissions in respect of commodities, fuel or technology, and greenhouse gas emissions from industrial processes and product use will be subject to a carbon tax. During the first phase of implementation (ending 2020), it is proposed that the emission of greenhouse gasses be taxed at R120 per tonne of the carbon dioxide equivalent of the greenhouse gas emitted, which rate is expected to increase by 10% per annum. Emission factors will be used in order to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalent of the greenhouse gasses emitted. Various allowances will be available for taxpayers to reduce their final carbon tax liability by up to a maximum of 95%. On June 20, 2016, the South African government also released the draft regulations in respect of the carbon offset allowance. Taxpayers can qualify for a carbon offset allowance up to a maximum of 10%. The carbon offset allowance will not enable a taxpayer to reduce its final carbon tax liability beyond the maximum of 95% stated above. When the tax free thresholds are taken into account, the effective tax rate will range between R6 and R48 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent. Schedule 2 to the draft Carbon Tax Bill lists the sectors and industries in which taxpayers will be liable for carbon tax. Mining companies, depending on the nature of their activities, will generally fall within these sectors. The Minister of Environmental Affairs will publish a notice indicating which activities will render a person liable for the carbon tax. The agricultural, forestry and waste sectors will initially be excluded. The draft Carbon Tax Bill is silent on the second phase post 2020, but it is generally expected to result in a gradual ramp-up of the carbon tax. The rate and allowances will be reviewed for the second phase of implementation. It is expected that the final legislation will come into operation some time in 2017.

        The ANC held a policy conference in June 2012 at which the "State Intervention in the Minerals Sector" report (the "SIMS Report") commissioned by the ANC was debated. The SIMS Report includes a proposal for a super tax of 50% of all profits above a 15% return on investment, which would apply in respect of all metals and minerals. If a super tax is implemented, the Company may realize lower after-tax profits and cash flows from its current mining operations and may decide not to pursue certain new projects, as such a tax could render these opportunities uneconomic.

        It is also possible that the Company could become subject to taxation in South Africa that is not currently anticipated, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company's land in South Africa could be subject to land restitution claims which could impose significant costs and burdens.

        The Company's privately held land could be subject to land restitution claims under the Restitution of Land Rights Act, No. 22 of 1994, as amended (the "Land Claims Act") and the Restitution of Land Rights Amendment Act, No. 15 of 2014 ("Restitution Amendment Act"), which took effect on July 1, 2014. Under the Land Claims Act and the Restitution Amendment Act, any person who was dispossessed of rights in land in South Africa after June 19, 1913 as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices without payment of just and equitable

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compensation, and who lodges a claim on or before June 30, 2019, is granted certain remedies. A successful claimant may be granted either return of the dispossessed land (referred to as "restoration") or equitable redress (which includes the granting of an appropriate right in alternative state-owned land, payment of compensation or "alternative relief"). If restoration is claimed, the Land Claims Act requires the feasibility of such restoration to be considered. Restoration of land may only be given in circumstances where a claimant can use the land productively with the feasibility of restoration dependent on the value of the property.

        The South African Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform may not acquire ownership of land for restitution purposes without a court order unless an agreement has been reached between the affected parties. The Land Claims Act also entitles the South African Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform to acquire ownership of land by way of expropriation either for claimants who are entitled to restitution of land, or, in respect of land over which no claim has been lodged but the acquisition of which is directly related to or affected by such claim, will promote restitution of land to claimants or alternative relief. Expropriation would be subject to provisions of legislation and the South African Constitution which provide, in general, for just and equitable compensation.

        The Company has not been notified of any land claims to date over the Company's properties. There is no guarantee, however, that any of the Company's privately held land rights could not become subject to acquisition by the state without the Company's agreement, or that the Company would be adequately compensated for the loss of its land rights. Any such claims could have a negative impact on the Company's South African projects and therefore an adverse effect on its business, operating results and financial condition.

South African foreign exchange controls may limit repatriation of profits.

        The Company will most likely need to repatriate funds from its foreign subsidiaries to fulfill its business plans and make payments on the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities. Since commencing business in South Africa, the Company has loaned or invested approximately CAN$782.36 million as at August 31, 2016 into PTM RSA in South Africa. The Company obtained approval from the SARB in advance for its investments into South Africa. The Company anticipates that it will loan the majority of the proceeds from an Offering to PTM RSA with the advance approval of the SARB. Although the Company is not aware of any law or regulation that would prevent the repatriation of funds it has loaned or invested into South Africa back to the Company in Canada, no assurance can be given that the Company will be able to repatriate funds back to Canada in a timely manner or without incurring tax payments or other costs when doing so, due to legal restrictions or tax requirements at local subsidiary levels or at the parent company level, which costs could be material.

        South Africa's exchange control regulations restrict the export of capital from South Africa. Although the Company is not itself subject to South African exchange control regulations, these regulations do restrict the ability of the Company's South African subsidiaries to raise and deploy capital outside the country, to borrow money in currencies other than the Rand and to hold foreign currency. Exchange control regulations could make it difficult for the Company's South African subsidiaries to: (a) export capital from South Africa; (b) hold foreign currency or incur indebtedness denominated in foreign currencies without approval of the relevant South African exchange control authorities; (c) acquire an interest in a foreign venture without approval of the relevant South African exchange control authorities and compliance with certain investment criteria; and (d) repatriate to South Africa profits of foreign operations. While the South African government has relaxed exchange controls in recent years, it is difficult to predict whether or how it will further relax or abolish exchange control measures in the foreseeable future. There can be no assurance that restrictions on repatriation of earnings from South Africa will not be imposed on the Company in the future.

Community relations may affect the Company's business.

        Maintaining community support through a positive relationship with the communities in which the Company operates is critical to continuing successful exploration and development. As a business in the mining industry, the Company may come under pressure in the jurisdictions in which it explores or develops, to demonstrate that other stakeholders benefit and will continue to benefit from the Company's commercial activities. The Company may face opposition with respect to its current and future development and exploration

40

projects which could materially adversely affect its business, results of operations, financial condition and Common Share price.

Risks Relating to the Offerings and the Securities

The Company has never paid dividends and does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future.

        The Company has not paid any dividends since incorporation and it has no plans to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company's directors will determine if and when dividends should be declared and paid in the future based on the Company's financial position at the relevant time. Further, the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities limit the Company's ability to pay dividends, and make distributions or other payments based on share capital. In addition, the Company's ability to declare and pay dividends may be affected by the South African government's exchange controls. See "South African Regulatory Framework — Exchange Control" in the AIF.

The Common Share price has been volatile in recent years.

        In recent years, the securities markets in the United States and Canada have experienced a high level of price and volume volatility, and the market price of securities of many companies, particularly those considered exploration or development-stage mining companies, have experienced wide fluctuations in price which have not necessarily been related to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. In particular, after giving effect to the Share Consolidation, the per share price of the Common Shares on the TSX fluctuated from a high of CAN$5.25 to a low of CAN$1.35 and on the NYSE MKT from a high of US$4.04 to a low of US$0.96 during the twelve-month period ending October 13, 2016. There can be no assurance that continual fluctuations in price will not occur.

        The factors influencing such volatility include macroeconomic developments in North America and globally, and market perceptions of the attractiveness of particular industries. The price of the Common Shares is also likely to be significantly affected by short term changes in precious metal prices or other mineral prices, currency exchange fluctuations and the Company's financial condition or results of operations as reflected in its earnings reports. Other factors unrelated to the performance of the Company that may have an effect on the price of the Common Shares and other Securities include the following:

•

the extent of analyst coverage available to investors concerning the business of the Company may be limited if investment banks with research capabilities do not follow the Company's securities;

•

lessening in trading volume and general market interest in the Company's securities may affect an investor's ability to trade significant numbers of securities of the Company;

•

changes to South African laws and regulations might have a negative effect on the development prospects, timelines or relationships for the Company's material properties;

•

the size of the Company's public float may limit the ability of some institutions to invest in the Company's securities; and

•

a substantial decline in the price of the securities of the Company that persists for a significant period of time could cause the Company's securities to be delisted from an exchange, further reducing market liquidity.

        Securities class action litigation often has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. The Company may in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and divert management's attention and resources.

The Company's growth, future profitability and ability to obtain financing may be impacted by global financial conditions.

        Global financial conditions continue to be characterized by extreme volatility. In recent years, global markets have been adversely impacted by the credit crisis that began in 2008, the European debt crisis and significant fluctuations in fuel and energy costs and metals prices. Many industries, including the mining industry, have been impacted by these market conditions. Global financial conditions remain subject to sudden

41

and rapid destabilizations in response to future economic shocks, as government authorities may have limited resources to respond to future crises. A continued or worsened slowdown in the financial markets or other economic conditions, including but not limited to consumer spending, employment rates, business conditions, inflation, fuel and energy costs, consumer debt levels, lack of available credit, the state of the financial markets, interest rates and tax rates, may adversely affect the Company's growth and profitability. Future economic shocks may be precipitated by a number of causes, including debt crises, a continued rise in the price of oil and other commodities, the volatility of metal prices, geopolitical instability, terrorism, the devaluation and volatility of global stock markets, health crises and natural disasters. Any sudden or rapid destabilization of global economic conditions could impact the Company's ability to obtain equity or debt financing in the future on terms favourable to the Company or at all. In such an event, the Company's operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

The exercise of outstanding stock options or warrants will result in dilution to the holders of Common Shares.

        The issuance of Common Shares upon the exercise of the Company's outstanding stock options will result in dilution to the interests of shareholders, and may reduce the trading price of the Common Shares. Additional stock options and warrants to purchase Common Shares may be issued in the future. Exercises of these securities, or even the potential of their exercise, may have an adverse effect on the trading price of the Common Shares. The holders of stock options or warrants are likely to exercise them at times when the market price of the Common Shares exceeds the exercise price of the securities. Accordingly, the issuance of Common Shares upon exercise of the stock options and warrants will likely result in dilution of the equity represented by the then outstanding Common Shares held by other shareholders. The holders of stock options or warrants can be expected to exercise or convert them at a time when the Company would, in all likelihood, be able to obtain any needed capital on terms which are more favorable to the Company than the exercise terms provided by these stock options and warrants.

Future sales or issuances of equity Securities could decrease the value of the Common Shares, dilute investors' voting power and reduce the Company's earnings per share.

        The Company may sell equity Securities in Offerings (including through the sale of Debt Securities convertible into equity Securities) and may issue additional equity Securities to finance operations, exploration, development, acquisitions or other projects. The Company cannot predict the size of future issuances of equity Securities or the size and terms of future issuances of Debt Securities or other Securities convertible into equity Securities or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of the Securities will have on the market price of the Common Shares. Any transaction involving the issuance of previously authorized but unissued Common Shares, or Securities convertible into Common Shares, would result in dilution, possibly substantial, to shareholders. Exercises of presently outstanding stock options may also result in dilution to shareholders.

        The board of directors of the Company has the authority to authorize certain offers and sales of the Securities without the vote of, or prior notice to, shareholders. Based on the need for additional capital to fund expected expenditures and growth, it is likely that the Company will issue the Securities to provide such capital. Such additional issuances may involve the issuance of a significant number of Common Shares at prices less than the current market price.

        Sales of substantial amounts of the Securities, or the availability of the Securities for sale, could adversely affect the prevailing market prices for the Securities and dilute investors' earnings per share. A decline in the market prices of the Securities could impair the Company's ability to raise additional capital through the sale of additional Securities should the Company desire to do so.

Judgments based upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws may be difficult to enforce.

        The ability of investors to enforce judgments of United States courts based upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws against the Company, its directors and officers, and the experts named herein may be limited due to the fact that the Company is incorporated outside of the United States, a majority of such directors, officers, and experts reside outside of the United States and a substantial portion of the assets of the Company and said persons are located outside the United States. There is uncertainty as to

42

whether foreign courts would: (a) enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against the Company, its directors and officers or the experts named herein predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws; or (b) entertain original actions brought in Canadian courts against the Company or such persons predicated upon the federal securities laws of the United States, as such laws may conflict with Canadian laws.

There may be adverse Canadian tax consequences for a foreign controlled Canadian company that acquires the Securities of the Company.

        Certain adverse tax considerations may be applicable to a shareholder that is a corporation resident in Canada and is, or becomes, controlled by a non-resident corporation for the purposes of the "foreign affiliate dumping" rules in the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the "Tax Act"). Such shareholders should consult their tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquiring the Securities.

The Company may be a "passive foreign investment company" in its current and future tax years, which may have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S. investors.

        Potential investors in the Securities who are U.S. taxpayers should be aware that the Company may be classified as a "passive foreign investment company" or "PFIC" for its current tax year ending August 31, 2017, and may be a PFIC in future tax years. If the Company is a PFIC for any tax year during a U.S. taxpayer's holding period of the Securities, then such U.S. taxpayer generally will be required to treat any gain realized upon a disposition of the Securities or any so-called "excess distribution" received on the Securities, as ordinary income, and to pay an interest charge on a portion of such gain or excess distribution. In certain circumstances, the sum of the tax and the interest charge may exceed the total amount of proceeds realized on the disposition, or the amount of excess distribution received, by the U.S. taxpayer. Subject to certain limitations, these tax consequences may be mitigated if a U.S. taxpayer makes a timely and effective "qualified electing fund" or "QEF" election (a "QEF Election") under Section 1295 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") or a mark-to-market election (a "Mark-to-Market Election") under Section 1296 of the Code. Subject to certain limitations, such elections may be made with respect to the Securities, provided, however, that a QEF Election may not be made with respect to Warrants and Debt Securities convertible into Common Shares and that the Mark-to-Market Election may only apply to Common Shares. A U.S. taxpayer who makes a timely and effective QEF Election generally must report on a current basis its share of the Company's net capital gain and ordinary earnings for any year in which the Company is a PFIC, whether or not the Company distributes any amounts to its shareholders. A U.S. taxpayer who makes the Mark-to-Market Election generally must include as ordinary income each year the excess of the fair market value of Common Shares over the taxpayer's basis therein. Each potential investor who is a U.S. taxpayer should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. state and local, and foreign tax consequences of the PFIC rules and the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Securities acquired pursuant to this Prospectus.

The Company is an "emerging growth company" and the Company cannot be certain whether the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make the Securities less attractive to investors.

        The Company is an "emerging growth company," as defined in the U.S. Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, and intends to take advantage of exemptions from various requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are emerging growth companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for so long as the Company is an emerging growth company. The Company cannot predict if investors will find the Securities less attractive because the Company's independent auditors will not have attested to the effectiveness of the Company's internal controls. If some investors find the Securities less attractive as a result of the Company's independent auditors not attesting to the effectiveness of the Company's internal controls or as a result of other exemptions that the Company may take advantage of, there may be a less active trading market for the Securities and the value of the Securities may be adversely affected.

43

The Company has discretion in the use of the net proceeds from an Offering.

        The Company intends to allocate the net proceeds it will receive from an Offering as described under "Use of Proceeds" in this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement, however, the Company will have discretion in the actual application of the net proceeds. The Company may elect to allocate the net proceeds differently from that described in "Use of Proceeds" in this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement if the Company believes it would be in the Company's best interests to do so. The Company's investors may not agree with the manner in which the Company chooses to allocate and spend the net proceeds from an Offering. The failure by the Company to apply these funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on the business of the Company.

There is an absence of a public market for certain of the Securities.

        There is no public market for the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units and, unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Company does not intend to apply for listing of the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units on any securities exchanges. If the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units are traded after their initial issuance, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering prices depending on prevailing interest rates (as applicable), the market for similar securities and other factors, including general economic conditions and the Company's financial condition. There can be no assurance as to the liquidity of the trading market for the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units, or that a trading market for these securities will develop at all.

The Debt Securities will be structurally subordinated to any indebtedness of the Company's subsidiaries and the Company's ability to service indebtedness is dependent on the results of operations of, and payments received from, its subsidiaries.

        The Company carries on its business through corporate subsidiaries, and the majority of its assets are held in corporate subsidiaries. The Company's results of operations and ability to service indebtedness, including the Debt Securities, are dependent upon the results of operations of these subsidiaries and the payment of funds by these subsidiaries to the Company in the form of loans, dividends or otherwise. The Company's subsidiaries will not have an obligation to pay amounts due pursuant to any Debt Securities or to make any funds available for payment on Debt Securities, whether by dividends, interest, loans, advances or other payments. In addition, the payment of dividends and the making of loans, advances and other payments to the Company by its subsidiaries may be subject to statutory or contractual restrictions. The Indenture would not limit the Company's ability or the ability of its subsidiaries to incur indebtedness. Such indebtedness of the Company's subsidiaries would be structurally senior to the Debt Securities. In the event of the liquidation of any subsidiary, the assets of the subsidiary would be used first to repay the obligations of the subsidiary, including indebtedness and trade payables, prior to being used by the Company to pay its indebtedness, including any Debt Securities.

Changes in interest rates may cause the market price or value of the Debt Securities to decline.

        Prevailing interest rates will affect the market price or value of the Debt Securities. The market price or value of the Debt Securities may decline as prevailing interest rates for comparable debt instruments rise, and increase as prevailing interest rates for comparable debt instruments decline.

Fluctuations in foreign currency markets may cause the value of the Debt Securities to decline.

        Debt Securities denominated or payable in foreign currencies may entail significant risk. These risks include, without limitation, the possibility of significant fluctuations in the foreign currency markets, the imposition or modification of foreign exchange controls and potential liquidity in the secondary market. These risks will vary depending upon the currency or currencies involved and will be more fully described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

44

USE OF PROCEEDS

        Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the net proceeds from the sale of Securities will be used to advance our business objectives and for general corporate purposes, including funding ongoing operations and/or working capital requirements, repaying indebtedness outstanding from time to time, discretionary capital programs and potential future acquisitions. Each Prospectus Supplement will contain specific information concerning the use of proceeds from that sale of Securities.

        All expenses relating to an Offering and any compensation paid to underwriters, dealers or agents, as the case may be, will be paid out of the proceeds from the sale of such Securities, unless otherwise stated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

EARNINGS COVERAGE RATIO

        Earnings coverage ratios will be provided as required in the applicable Prospectus Supplement with respect to the issuance of Debt Securities.

CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION

        Since the date of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2016, which are incorporated by reference in this Prospectus, there has been no material change to the share and loan capital of the Company on a consolidated basis, other than as disclosed in this Prospectus. Subsequent to May 31, 2016 and prior to the date of this Prospectus, no Common Shares reserved for issuance pursuant to outstanding stock options have been issued pursuant to the exercise of outstanding options. See "Prior Sales" and "Description of Existing Indebtedness".

DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING INDEBTEDNESS

        The Company entered into the Sprott Facility with the Sprott Lenders on February 16, 2015, as amended by a modification agreement entered into on November 19, 2015, the May Credit Facility Amendments and the September Credit Facility Amendments, and the Liberty Facility with Liberty Holdings on November 2, 2015, as amended by the May Credit Facility Amendments and the September Credit Facility Amendments. The Company simultaneously drew down, in full, US$40 million from the Liberty Facility and the Original Sprott Advance from the Sprott Facility in November 2015. The Company entered into the May Credit Facility Amendments on May 3, 2016 and the September Credit Facility Amendments on September 19, 2016 modifying the Sprott Facility and the Liberty Facility, wherein the Lenders agreed to extend the maturity dates of the Sprott Facility and the Liberty Facility, amend certain prepayment and repayment terms and amend certain events of default relating to production targets at Project 1. The Company entered into the Amended & Restated Sprott Facility on October 11, 2016 and immediately drew down the Second Sprott Advance. The Company pays interest under the Liberty Facility at 9.5% over LIBOR and interest under the Amended & Restated Sprott Facility at 8.5% over LIBOR. Payment and performance of the Company's obligations under the Project 1 Working Capital Facilities are guaranteed by PTM RSA and secured by a first and second priority security interest in favor of the Lenders in all of the Company's personal property, including a pledge over all of the issued shares in the capital of PTM RSA. See "Business of the Company — Project 1 Working Capital Facilities".

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

        We may sell the Securities, separately or together: (a) to one or more underwriters or dealers; (b) through one or more agents; or (c) directly to one or more other purchasers. Each Prospectus Supplement will set forth the terms of the applicable Offering, including the name or names of any underwriters or agents, the purchase price or prices of the Securities and the proceeds to the Company from the sale of the Securities. In addition, Securities may be offered and issued in consideration for the acquisition (an "Acquisition") of other businesses, assets or securities by us or our subsidiaries. The consideration for any such Acquisition may consist of any of the Securities separately, a combination of Securities or any combination of, among other things, securities, cash and assumption of liabilities.

45

        The Securities may be sold from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices which may be changed or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices, including sales made directly on the TSX, or NYSE MKT, if applicable, or other existing trading markets for the Common Shares. The prices at which the Securities may be offered may vary as between purchasers and during the period of distribution. If, in connection with an Offering at a fixed price or prices, the underwriters have made a bona fide effort to sell all of the Securities at the initial offering price fixed in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the public offering price may be decreased and thereafter further changed, from time to time, to an amount not greater than the initial public offering price fixed in such Prospectus Supplement, in which case the compensation realized by the underwriters will be decreased by the amount that the aggregate price paid by purchasers for the Securities is less than the gross proceeds paid to us by the underwriters.

        Underwriters, dealers or agents who participate in the distribution of Securities may be entitled under agreements to be entered into with the Company to indemnification by us against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and applicable Canadian securities legislation, or to contribution with respect to payments which such underwriters, dealers or agents may be required to make in respect thereof. The underwriters, dealers or agents with whom we enter into agreements may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.

        In connection with any offering of Securities, except as otherwise set out in a Prospectus Supplement relating to a particular Offering, the underwriters or dealers, as the case may be, may over-allot or effect transactions intended to fix or stabilize the market price of the Securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. Such transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

PRIOR SALES

        During the 12 months preceding the date of this Prospectus, the Company has issued or agreed to issue Common Shares at the following prices:

Date of Issuance	Number of Common Shares			Issuance Prices
				(CAN$)
November 20, 2015(1)		348,584	(2)		3.05
November 20, 2015(1)		348,584	(3)		3.05
March 11, 2016		2,250	(4)		2.00
May 13, 2016		131,654	(5)		3.87
May 13, 2016		131,654	(6)		3.87
May 26, 2016		11,000,000	(7)		3.89
September 30, 2016		801,314	(8)		3.30
September 30, 2016		801,314	(9)		3.30
October 2016		113,963	(10)		2.9185
TOTAL		13,679,317

Notes:

(1)

The number of Common Shares and the issue price have been adjusted to reflect the Share Consolidation.

(2)

Issued pursuant to the Sprott Facility.

(3)

Issued pursuant to the Liberty Facility.

(4)

Issued pursuant to the exercise of stock options.

(5)

Issued to the Sprott Lenders pursuant to the May Credit Facility Amendments.

(6)

Issued to Liberty Holdings pursuant to the May Credit Facility Amendments.

(7)

Issued pursuant to the May Offering.

(8)

Issued to the Sprott Lenders pursuant to the September Credit Facility Amendments.

(9)

Issued to Liberty Holdings pursuant to the September Credit Facility Amendments.

(10)

To be issued prior to October 31, 2016 to the Sprott Lenders pursuant to the Amended & Restated Sprott Credit Agreement.

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        During the 12 months preceding the date of this Prospectus, the Company has issued the following securities convertible into Common Shares at the following prices:

Date of Issuance	Number of Options Issued(1)			Exercise Prices(1)
				(CAN$)
December 22, 2015		1,016,550	(2)		2.00

Notes:

(1)

The number of options issued and the exercise price have been adjusted to reflect the Share Consolidation.

(2)

Stock options issued pursuant to the Company's stock option plan. Each option is exercisable for one Common Share.

PRICE RANGE AND TRADING VOLUME

        The Common Shares are listed for trading on the TSX under the trading symbol "PTM" and on the NYSE MKT under the trading symbol "PLG". The following tables set forth information relating to the trading of the Common Shares on the TSX and the NYSE MKT for the periods indicated:

TSX⁽¹⁾ — "PTM"

Period	High		Low		Volume
	(CAN$)		(CAN$)
October 1 to 13, 2016		3.66		2.67		617,417
September, 2016		3.97		3.50		1,039,057
August, 2016		4.63		3.59		1,568,123
July, 2016		4.95		3.79		2,665,700
June, 2016		4.64		3.51		1,827,030
May, 2016		4.74		3.42		1,788,239
April, 2016		5.07		3.16		3,329,126
March, 2016		5.25		2.51		3,111,955
February, 2016		3.00		1.41		4,237,233
January, 2016		2.05		1.35		1,223,459
December, 2015		3.00		1.75		2,166,542
November, 2015		3.45		2.80		208,371
October, 2015		4.30		3.00		645,474

NYSE MKT⁽¹⁾ — "PLG"

Period	High		Low		Volume
	(US$)		(US$)
October 1 to 13, 2016		2.80		2.02		3,056,356
September, 2016		3.08		2.66		4,474,440
August, 2016		3.56		2.75		7,993,488
July, 2016		3.98		2.87		10,608,231
June, 2016		3.57		2.73		8,766,770
May, 2016		3.71		2.65		7,089,516
April, 2016		3.91		2.46		10,796,958
March, 2016		4.04		1.86		8,742,239
February, 2016		2.19		1.01		15,083,013
January, 2016		1.51		0.96		1,462,689
December, 2015		2.26		1.25		1,624,307
November, 2015		2.65		2.03		738,390
October, 2015		3.40		2.26		1,518,493

(1)

The price and volume have been adjusted to reflect the Share Consolidation.

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DIVIDEND POLICY

        We have not declared any dividends or distributions on the Common Shares since our incorporation. We intend to retain our earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our operations and do not presently anticipate paying any dividends or distributions in the foreseeable future. Our board of directors may, however, declare from time to time such cash dividends or distributions out of the monies legally available for dividends or distributions as the board of directors considers advisable. Any future determination to pay dividends or make distributions will be at the discretion of the board of directors and will depend on our capital requirements, results of operations and such other factors as the board of directors considers relevant.

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES

        Our authorized share capital consists of an unlimited number of Common Shares. As at the date of this Prospectus, 90,459,656 Common Shares are issued and outstanding.

        Shareholders are entitled to receive notice of and attend all meetings of shareholders with each Common Share held entitling the holder to one vote on any resolution to be passed at such shareholder meetings. Shareholders are entitled to dividends if, as and when declared by the board of directors of the Company. Shareholders are entitled upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company to receive the remaining assets of the Company available for distribution to shareholders.

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

        In this section describing the Debt Securities, the term "Company" refers only to Platinum Group Metals Ltd. without any of its subsidiaries. This section describes the general terms that will apply to any Debt Securities issued pursuant to this Prospectus. The specific terms of the Debt Securities, and the extent to which the general terms described in this section apply to those Debt Securities, will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. The Debt Securities will be issued in one or more series under an indenture (the "Indenture") to be entered into between the Company and one or more trustees (the "Trustee") that will be named in a Prospectus Supplement for a series of Debt Securities. To the extent applicable, the Indenture will be subject to and governed by the United States Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. A copy of the form of the Indenture to be entered into has been filed with the SEC as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. The description of certain provisions of the Indenture in this section is not intended to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the provisions of the Indenture. Terms used in this summary that are not otherwise defined herein have the meaning ascribed to them in the Indenture.

        We may issue Debt Securities and incur additional indebtedness other than through an Offering of Debt Securities pursuant to this Prospectus. We may be required to obtain the consent of our lenders for the issuance of certain Debt Securities, depending on their specific terms.

General

        The Indenture does not limit the amount of Debt Securities which we may issue under the Indenture, and we may issue Debt Securities in one or more series. Debt Securities may be denominated and payable in any currency. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Indenture permits us, without the consent of the holders of any Debt Securities, to increase the principal amount of any series of Debt Securities we have previously issued under the Indenture and to issue such increased principal amount.

        The applicable Prospectus Supplement will set forth the following terms relating to the Debt Securities offered by such Prospectus Supplement (the "Offered Securities"):

•

the specific designation of the Offered Securities; any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the Offered Securities; the date or dates, if any, on which the Offered Securities will mature and the portion (if less than all of the principal amount) of the Offered Securities to be payable upon declaration of acceleration of maturity;

•

the rate or rates at which the Offered Securities will bear interest, if any, the date or dates on which any such interest will begin to accrue and on which any such interest will be payable and the record dates for any interest payable on the Offered Securities which are in registered form;

48

•

the terms and conditions under which we may be obligated to redeem, repay or purchase the Offered Securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or otherwise;

•

the terms and conditions upon which we may redeem the Offered Securities, in whole or in part, at our option;

•

whether the Offered Securities will be issuable in registered form or bearer form or both, and, if issuable in bearer form, the restrictions as to the offer, sale and delivery of the Offered Securities which are in bearer form and as to exchanges between registered form and bearer form;

•

whether the Offered Securities will be issuable in the form of registered global securities ("Global Securities"), and, if so, the identity of the depositary for such registered Global Securities;

•

the denominations in which registered Offered Securities will be issuable, if other than denominations of US$1,000 and any multiple thereof, and the denominations in which bearer Offered Securities will be issuable, if other than US$1,000;

•

each office or agency where payments on the Offered Securities will be made (if other than the offices or agencies described under "Payment" below) and each office or agency where the Offered Securities may be presented for registration of transfer or exchange;

•

if other than U.S. dollars, the currency in which the Offered Securities are denominated or the currency in which we will make payments on the Offered Securities;

•

the terms, if any, on which the Offered Securities may be converted or exchanged for other of the Securities or securities of other entities;

•

any other terms of the Offered Securities which apply solely to the Offered Securities, or terms generally applicable to the Debt Securities which are not to apply to the Offered Securities; and

•

if not obtained as at the date of such Prospectus Supplement, any consents required to be obtained with respect to the issuance of the Offered Securities.

        Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement:

•

holders may not tender Debt Securities to us for repurchase; and

•

the rate or rates of interest on the Debt Securities will not increase if we become involved in a highly leveraged transaction or we are acquired by another entity.

        We may issue Debt Securities under the Indenture bearing no interest or interest at a rate below the prevailing market rate at the time of issuance. We may offer and sell Debt Securities at a discount below their stated principal amount. We will describe in the applicable Prospectus Supplement any Canadian and U.S. federal income tax consequences and other special considerations applicable to any discounted Debt Securities or other Debt Securities offered and sold at par which are treated as having been issued at a discount for Canadian and/or U.S. federal income tax purposes.

        Any Debt Securities we issue will be our direct, unconditional and unsecured obligations and will rank equally among themselves and with all of our other unsecured, unsubordinated obligations, except to the extent prescribed by law. Debt Securities we issue will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities, including trade payables and other indebtedness, of our subsidiaries.

        We will agree to file with the Trustee annual reports and the information, documents, and other reports that we are required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act or pursuant to Section 314 of the United States Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.

Form, Denomination, Exchange and Transfer

        Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, we will issue Debt Securities only in fully registered form without coupons, and in denominations of US$1,000 and multiples of US$1,000. Debt Securities may be presented for exchange and registered Debt Securities may be presented for registration of transfer in the manner set forth in the Indenture and in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, without service charges. We may, however, require payment sufficient to cover any taxes or other governmental charges due in

49

connection with the exchange or transfer. We will appoint the Trustee as security registrar. Bearer Debt Securities and the coupons applicable to bearer Debt Securities thereto will be transferable by delivery.

Payment

        Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, we will make payments on registered Debt Securities (other than Global Securities) at the office or agency of the Trustee, except that we may choose to pay interest (a) by check mailed to the address of the person entitled to such payment as specified in the security register or (b) by wire transfer to an account maintained by the person entitled to such payment as specified in the security register. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, we will pay any interest due on registered Debt Securities to the persons in whose name such registered Debt Securities are registered on the day or days, specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Registered Global Securities

        Registered Debt Securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in global form that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in the Prospectus Supplement. Global Securities will be registered in the name of a financial institution that we select, and the Debt Securities included in the Global Securities may not be transferred to the name of any other direct holder unless the special circumstances described below occur. The financial institution that acts as the sole direct holder of the Global Securities is called the "Depositary". Any person wishing to own Debt Securities issued in the form of Global Securities must do so indirectly by virtue of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that, in turn, has an account with the Depositary.

Special Investor Considerations for Global Securities

        Our obligations, as well as the obligations of the Trustee and those of any third parties we employed or the Trustee, run only to persons who are registered as holders of Debt Securities. For example, once we make payment to the registered holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment even if that holder is legally required to pass the payment along to an investor but does not do so. As an indirect holder, an investor's rights relating to a Global Security will be governed by the account rules of the investor's financial institution and of the Depositary, as well as general laws relating to debt securities transfers.

        An investor should be aware that when Debt Securities are issued in the form of Global Securities:

•

the investor cannot have Debt Securities registered in his or her own name;

•

the investor cannot receive physical certificates for his or her interest in the Debt Securities;

•

the investor must look to his or her own bank or brokerage firm for payments on the Debt Securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the Debt Securities;

•

the investor may not be able to sell interests in the Debt Securities to some insurance companies and other institutions that are required by law to hold the physical certificates of Debt Securities that they own;

•

the Depositary's policies will govern payments, transfers, exchange and other matters relating to the investor's interest in the Global Security. We and the Trustee will have no responsibility for any aspect of the Depositary's actions or for its records of ownership interests in the Global Security. We and the Trustee also do not supervise the Depositary in any way; and

•

the Depositary will usually require that interests in a Global Security be purchased or sold within its system using same-day funds.

Special Situations When Global Security Will be Terminated

        In a few special situations described below, a Global Security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing Debt Securities. After that exchange, an investor may choose whether to hold Debt Securities directly or indirectly through an account at its bank or brokerage firm. Investors

50

must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in Debt Securities transferred into their own names, so that they will be direct holders.

        The special situations for termination of a Global Security are:

•

when the Depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to continue as Depositary (unless a replacement Depositary is named); and

•

when and if we decide to terminate a Global Security.

        The Prospectus Supplement may list situations for terminating a Global Security that would apply only to the particular series of Debt Securities covered by the Prospectus Supplement. When a Global Security terminates, the Depositary (and not us or the Trustee) is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders.

Events of Default

        The term "Event of Default" with respect to Debt Securities of any series means any of the following:

(a)

default in the payment of the principal of (or any premium on) any Security of that series at its maturity;



(b)

default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days;



(c)

default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment when the same becomes due by the terms of the Debt Securities of that series;



(d)

default in the performance, or breach, of any other covenant or agreement of ours in the Indenture in respect of the Debt Securities of that series (other than a covenant or agreement for which default or breach is specifically dealt with elsewhere in the Indenture), where such default or breach continues for a period of 90 days after written notice to us by the Trustee or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of all outstanding Debt Securities affected thereby;



(e)

certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization; or



(f)

any other Events of Default provided with respect to the Debt Securities of that series.

        If an Event of Default described in clause (a), (b), (c), (d) or (f) above occurs and is continuing with respect to Debt Securities of any series, then the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of that series may require the principal amount (or, if the Debt Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities (each as defined in the Indenture), such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of all the outstanding Debt Securities of that series and any accrued but unpaid interest on such Debt Securities be paid immediately. If an Event of Default described in clause (e) above occurs and is continuing, then the principal amount of all of the Debt Securities of that series then outstanding will automatically, and without any declaration or any other action on the part of the Trustee or the holders of Debt Securities, become due and payable immediately.

        However, at any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to Debt Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained, the Event of Default giving rise to such declaration of acceleration will be deemed to have been waived if the Company has paid the Trustee all amounts due and the Event of Default has been cured or waived in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of such series. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will contain provisions relating to acceleration of the maturity of a portion of the principal amount of Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities upon the occurrence of any Event of Default and the continuation thereof.

        Except during default, the Trustee is not obligated to exercise any of its rights and powers under the Indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders, unless the holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity. If the holders provide reasonable indemnity, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of all series affected by an Event of Default may, subject to certain

51

limitations, direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Debt Securities of all series affected by such Event of Default.

        No holder of a Debt Security of any series will have any right to institute any proceedings, unless:

•

such holder has previously given to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Debt Securities of that series;

•

the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of all series affected by such Event of Default have made written request and have offered reasonable indemnity to the Trustee to institute such proceedings as trustee; and

•

the Trustee has failed to institute such proceedings, and has not received from the holders of a majority in the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Debt Securities of all series affected by such Event of Default a direction inconsistent with such request, within 60 days after such notice, request and offer.

        However, these limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by the holder of a Debt Security for the enforcement of payment of principal of or interest on such Debt Security on or after the applicable due date of such payment.

        We will be required to furnish to the Trustee annually an officers' certificate as to the performance of certain of our obligations under the Indenture and as to any default in such performance.

Defeasance

        When we use the term "defeasance", we mean discharge from some or all of our obligations under the Indenture with respect to Debt Securities of a particular series. If we deposit with the Trustee sufficient cash or government securities to pay the principal, interest, any premium and any other sums due to the stated maturity or a redemption date of the Debt Securities of a particular series, then at our option:

•

We will be discharged from our obligations with respect to the Debt Securities of such series with certain exceptions, and the holders of the Debt Securities of the affected series will not be entitled to the benefits of the Indenture except for registration of transfer and exchange of Debt Securities and replacement of lost, stolen or mutilated Debt Securities and certain other limited rights. Such holders may look only to such deposited funds or obligations for payment; or

•

We will no longer be under any obligation to comply with certain covenants under the Indenture, and certain Events of Default will no longer apply to us.

        To exercise defeasance we also must deliver to the Trustee:

•

an opinion of U.S. counsel to the effect that the deposit and related defeasance would not cause the holders of the Debt Securities of the applicable series to recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes and that holders of the Debt Securities of that series will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred; and

•

an opinion of Canadian counsel or a ruling from Canada Revenue Agency that there would be no such recognition of income, gain or loss for Canadian federal or provincial tax purposes and that holders of the Debt Securities of such series will be subject to Canadian federal and provincial income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred.

        In addition, no Event of Default with respect to the Debt Securities of the applicable series can have occurred and we cannot be an insolvent person under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada). In order for U.S. counsel to deliver the opinion that would allow us to be discharged from all of our obligations under the Debt Securities of any series, we must have received from, or there must have been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or there must have been a change in law so that the deposit and defeasance would not cause holders of the Debt Securities of such series to recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax

52

purposes and so that such holders would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same time as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred.

Modifications and Waivers

        We may modify or amend the Indenture with the consent of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Debt Securities of all series affected by such modification or amendment provided, however, that we must receive consent from the holder of each outstanding Debt Security of such affected series to:

•

change the stated maturity of the principal of or interest on such outstanding Debt Security;

•

reduce the principal amount of or interest on such outstanding Debt Security;

•

reduce the amount of the principal payable upon the acceleration of the maturity of an outstanding Original Issue Discount Security;

•

adversely affect any right of repayment at the option of the holder of any Debt Securities;

•

change the place or currency of payments on such outstanding Debt Security;

•

impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to any Debt Security;

•

adversely affect any right to convert or exchange the Debt Security as provided pursuant to the Indenture;

•

reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding Debt Securities of such series from which the consent of holders is required to modify or amend the Indenture or waive compliance with certain provisions of the Indenture or waive certain defaults; or

•

modify any provisions of the Indenture relating to modifying or amending the Indenture or waiving past defaults or covenants except as otherwise specified.

        The holders of a majority in principal amount of Debt Securities of any series may waive our compliance with certain restrictive provisions of the Indenture with respect to such series. The holders of a majority in principal amount of outstanding Debt Securities of all series with respect to which an Event of Default has occurred may waive any past default under the Indenture, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or interest on, any Security or in respect of any item listed above requiring the consent of the holder of each outstanding Debt Security of such affected series.

        The Indenture or the Debt Securities may be amended or supplemented, without the consent of any holder of such Debt Securities, in order to, among other things, cure any ambiguity or inconsistency or to make any change, in any case, that does not have a materially adverse effect on the rights of any holder of such Debt Securities.

Consent to Jurisdiction and Service

        Under the Indenture, we will irrevocably appoint an authorized agent upon which process may be served in any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Indenture and the Debt Securities and for actions brought under federal or state securities laws brought in any federal or state court located in The City of New York (herein after referred to as a New York Court), and will submit to such non-exclusive jurisdiction.

Governing Law

        The Indenture and the Debt Securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

Enforceability of Judgments

        Since all of the assets of the Company are outside the United States, any judgment obtained in the United States against us would need to be satisfied by seeking enforcement of such judgment in a court located outside of the United States from our assets. We have been advised by our Canadian counsel, Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP, that there is doubt as to the enforceability in Canada by a court in original actions, or in actions to enforce judgments of United States courts, of civil liabilities predicated upon United States federal securities laws.

53

The Trustee

        The Trustee under the Indenture will be named in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

        We may issue Warrants to purchase Common Shares or Debt Securities. This section describes the general terms that will apply to any Warrants issued pursuant to this Prospectus.

        Warrants may be offered separately or together with other Securities and may be attached to or separate from any other Securities. Unless the applicable Prospectus Supplement otherwise indicates, each series of Warrants will be issued under a separate warrant indenture to be entered into between us and one or more banks or trust companies acting as Warrant agent. The Warrant agent will act solely as our agent and will not assume a relationship of agency with any holders of Warrant certificates or beneficial owners of Warrants. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will include details of the warrant indentures, if any, governing the Warrants being offered. The specific terms of the Warrants, and the extent to which the general terms described in this section apply to those Warrants, will be set out in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

        Notwithstanding the foregoing, we will not offer Warrants for sale separately to any member of the public in Canada unless the Offering is in connection with and forms part of the consideration for an acquisition or merger transaction.

        The Prospectus Supplement relating to any Warrants that we offer will describe the Warrants and the specific terms relating to the Offering. The description will include, where applicable:

•

the designation and aggregate number of Warrants;

•

the price at which the Warrants will be offered;

•

the currency or currencies in which the Warrants will be offered;

•

the date on which the right to exercise the Warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire;

•

the designation, number and terms of the Common Shares or Debt Securities, as applicable, that may be purchased upon exercise of the Warrants, and the procedures that will result in the adjustment of those numbers;

•

the exercise price of the Warrants;

•

the designation and terms of the Securities, if any, with which the Warrants will be offered, and the number of Warrants that will be offered with each Security;

•

if the Warrants are issued as a Unit with another Security, the date, if any, on and after which the Warrants and the other Security will be separately transferable;

•

any minimum or maximum amount of Warrants that may be exercised at any one time;

•

any terms, procedures and limitations relating to the transferability, exchange or exercise of the Warrants;

•

whether the Warrants will be subject to redemption or call and, if so, the terms of such redemption or call provisions;

•

material United States and Canadian federal income tax consequences of owning the Warrants; and

•

any other material terms or conditions of the Warrants.

        Warrant certificates will be exchangeable for new Warrant certificates of different denominations at the office indicated in the Prospectus Supplement. Prior to the exercise of their Warrants, holders of Warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the Securities subject to the Warrants. We may amend the warrant indenture(s) and the Warrants, without the consent of the holders of the Warrants, to cure any ambiguity, to cure, correct or supplement any defective or inconsistent provision or in any other manner that will not prejudice the rights of the holders of outstanding Warrants, as a group.

54

DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS

        We may issue Subscription Receipts, separately or together, with Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants, as the case may be. The Subscription Receipts will be issued under a subscription receipt agreement. This section describes the general terms that will apply to any Subscription Receipts that we may offer pursuant to this Prospectus.

        The applicable Prospectus Supplement will include details of the subscription receipt agreement covering the Subscription Receipts being offered. We will file a copy of the subscription receipt agreement relating to an Offering with securities regulatory authorities in Canada and the United States after we have entered into it. The specific terms of the Subscription Receipts, and the extent to which the general terms described in this section apply to those Subscription Receipts, will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. This description will include, where applicable:

•

the number of Subscription Receipts;

•

the price at which the Subscription Receipts will be offered and whether the price is payable in instalments;

•

conditions to the exchange of Subscription Receipts into Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants, as the case may be, and the consequences of such conditions not being satisfied;

•

the procedures for the exchange of the Subscription Receipts into Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants;

•

the number of Common Shares or Warrants that may be exchanged upon exercise of each Subscription Receipt;

•

the aggregate principal amount, currency or currencies, denominations and terms of the series of Debt Securities that may be exchanged upon exercise of the Subscription Receipts;

•

the designation and terms of any other Securities with which the Subscription Receipts will be offered, if any, and the number of Subscription Receipts that will be offered with each Security;

•

the dates or periods during which the Subscription Receipts may be exchanged into Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants;

•

terms applicable to the gross or net proceeds from the sale of the Subscription Receipts plus any interest earned thereon;

•

material United States and Canadian federal income tax consequences of owning the Subscription Receipts;

•

any other rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to the Subscription Receipts; and

•

any other material terms and conditions of the Subscription Receipts.

        Subscription Receipt certificates will be exchangeable for new Subscription Receipt certificates of different denominations at the office indicated in the Prospectus Supplement. Prior to the exchange of their Subscription Receipts, holders of Subscription Receipts will not have any of the rights of holders of the Securities subject to the Subscription Receipts.

        Under the subscription receipt agreement, a Canadian purchaser of Subscription Receipts will have a contractual right of rescission following the issuance of Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants, as the case may be, to such purchaser, entitling the purchaser to receive the amount paid for the Subscription Receipts upon surrender of the Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants, as the case may be, if this Prospectus, the applicable Prospectus Supplement, and any amendment thereto, contains a misrepresentation, provided such remedy for rescission is exercised within 180 days of the date the Subscription Receipts are issued. This right of rescission does not extend to holders of Subscription Receipts who acquire such Subscription Receipts from an initial purchaser, on the open market or otherwise, or to initial purchasers who acquire Subscription Receipts in the United States or other jurisdictions outside Canada.

        Such subscription receipt agreement will also specify that we may amend any subscription receipt agreement and the Subscription Receipts, to cure any ambiguity, to cure, correct or supplement any defective or

55

inconsistent provision or in any other manner that will not materially and adversely affect the interests of the holder.

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

        We may issue Units comprised of one or more of the other Securities described in this Prospectus in any combination. Each Unit will be issued so that the holder of the Unit is also the holder of each of the Securities included in the Unit. Thus, the holder of a Unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included Security. The unit agreement, if any, under which a Unit is issued may provide that the Securities included in the Unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date. The particular terms and provisions of Units offered by any Prospectus Supplement, and the extent to which the general terms and provisions described below may apply thereto, will be described in the Prospectus Supplement filed in respect of such Units.

CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

        The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe certain Canadian and U.S. federal income tax consequences to investors described therein of acquiring any Securities offered thereunder.

LEGAL MATTERS

        Certain legal matters related to the Securities offered by this Prospectus will be passed upon on our behalf by Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP with respect to Canadian legal matters and by Dorsey & Whitney LLP with respect to U.S. legal matters.

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR

        The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Shares is Computershare Investor Services Inc. at its principal offices in the cities of Toronto, Ontario and Vancouver, British Columbia.

INTEREST OF EXPERTS

        The technical information, mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates and economic estimates relating to Project 1, the Waterberg JV Project, the Waterberg Extension Project and the Company's other properties included or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus has been included or incorporated by reference in reliance on the report, valuation, statement or opinion of the persons described below. The following persons, firms and companies are named as having prepared or certified a report, valuation, statement or opinion in this Prospectus, either directly or in a document incorporated by reference.

Name	Description
Charles Muller (B. Sc. (Hons) Geology) Pri. Sci. Nat., CJM Consulting, South Africa, (Pty) Ltd.	Co-authored the Project 1 Report; authored the technical report entitled "Technical Report on Project 3 Resource Cut Estimation of the Western Bushveld Joint Venture (WBJV) Located on the Western Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa" dated August 31, 2010; and authored the April 2016 Waterberg Report.
Gert Roets (B. Eng. Mining), Pr. Eng. (ECSA), of DRA Projects SA (Pty) Ltd.	Co-authored the Project 1 Report.
Gordon Cunningham B. Eng. (Chemical), Pr. Eng. (ECSA) of Turnberry Projects (Pty) Ltd.	Co-authored the Project 1 Report.
R. Michael Jones P. Eng., Platinum Group Metals Ltd.	The President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The non-independent qualified person for all scientific and technical information included or incorporated by reference herein that is not attributed to one of the above-named persons.

56

        None of the experts named in the foregoing section held, at the time they prepared or certified such statement, report, opinion or valuation, received after such time or will receive any registered or beneficial interest, direct or indirect, in any securities or other property of the Company or one of the Company's associates or affiliates other than R. Michael Jones, the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, who owns 272,920 Common Shares representing 0.3% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares as of the date of this Prospectus.

        Except as otherwise stated above, none of the aforementioned persons, and the directors, officers, employees and partners, as applicable, of each of the aforementioned persons received or will receive a direct or indirect interest in any property of the Company or any associate or affiliate of the Company.

        Except as otherwise stated above, none of the aforementioned persons, nor any director, officer, employee, consultant or partner, as applicable, of the aforementioned persons is currently expected to be elected, appointed or employed as a director, officer or employee of the Company or of any associate or affiliate of the Company.

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR

        Our auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, of Vancouver, British Columbia, report that they are independent from us within the meaning of the Code of Professional Conduct of Chartered Professional Accountants of British Columbia, Canada, and within the meaning of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder adopted by the SEC. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

        We are a company organized and existing under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia). A majority of our directors and officers, and some or all of the experts named in this Prospectus, are residents of Canada or otherwise reside outside the United States, and all or a substantial portion of their assets, and a substantial portion of our assets, are located outside the United States. We have appointed an agent for service of process in the United States, but it may be difficult for holders of Securities who reside in the United States to effect service within the United States upon those directors, officers and experts who are not residents of the United States. It may also be difficult for holders of Securities who reside in the United States to realize in the United States upon judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon our civil liability and the civil liability of our directors, officers and experts under the United States federal securities laws. A final judgment for a liquidated sum in favour of a private litigant granted by a United States court and predicated solely upon civil liability under United States federal securities laws would, subject to certain exceptions identified in the law of individual provinces and territories of Canada, likely be enforceable in Canada if the United States court in which the judgment was obtained had a basis for jurisdiction in the matter that would be recognized by the domestic Canadian court for the same purposes. There is a significant risk that a given Canadian court may not have jurisdiction or may decline jurisdiction over a claim based solely upon United States federal securities law on application of the conflict of laws principles of the province or territory in Canada in which the claim is brought.

57

PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED TO BE DELIVERED TO
OFFEREES OR PURCHASERS

Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

        Section 160 of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) ("BCBCA") provides that a company may do one or both of the following:

(a)

indemnify an eligible party against all eligible penalties, which are judgments, penalties or fines awarded or imposed in, or amounts paid in settlement of, an eligible proceeding, to which the eligible party is or may be liable; and/or



(b)

after the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, pay the expenses (which includes costs, charges and expenses, including legal and other fees, but excludes judgments, penalties, fines or amounts paid in settlement of a proceeding) actually and reasonably incurred by an eligible party in respect of that proceeding.

        However, after the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, a company must pay the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by an eligible party in respect of that proceeding if the eligible party has not been reimbursed for those expenses, and is wholly successful, on the merits or otherwise, or is substantially successful on the merits, in the outcome of the proceeding. The BCBCA also provides that a company may pay, as they are incurred in advance of the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, the expenses, actually and reasonably incurred by an eligible party in respect of that proceeding. However, a company must not make the payments referred to immediately above unless the company first receives from the eligible party a written undertaking that, if it is ultimately determined that the payment of expenses is prohibited under the BCBCA, the eligible party will repay the amounts advanced.

        For the purposes of the BCBCA, an "eligible party", in relation to a company, means an individual who:

(a)

is or was a director or officer of the company;



(b)

is or was a director or officer of another corporation at a time when the corporation is or was an affiliate of the company, or at the request of the company; or



(c)

at the request of the company, is or was, or holds or held a position equivalent to that of, a director or officer of a partnership, trust, joint venture or other unincorporated entity,

and includes, with some exceptions, the heirs and personal or other legal representatives of that individual.

        An "eligible proceeding" under the BCBCA is a proceeding in which an eligible party or any of the heirs and personal or other legal representatives of the eligible party, by reason of the eligible party being or having been a director or officer of, or holding or having held a position equivalent to that of a director or officer of, the company or an associated corporation, is or may be joined as a party, or is or may be liable for or in respect of a judgment, penalty or fine in, or expenses related to, the proceeding. A "proceeding" includes any legal proceeding or investigative action, whether current, threatened, pending or completed.

        Notwithstanding the foregoing, the BCBCA prohibits a company from indemnifying an eligible party or paying the expenses of an eligible party if any of the following circumstances apply:

(a)

if the indemnity or payment is made under an earlier agreement to indemnify or pay expenses and, at the time such agreement to indemnify or pay expenses was made, the company was prohibited from giving the indemnity or paying the expenses by its memorandum or articles;



(b)

if the indemnity or payment is made otherwise than under an earlier agreement to indemnify or pay expenses and, at the time that the indemnity or payment is made, the company is prohibited from giving the indemnity or paying the expenses by its memorandum or articles;



(c)

if, in relation to the subject matter of the eligible proceeding, the eligible party did not act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the company or the associated corporation, as the case may be; or

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(d)

in the case of an eligible proceeding other than a civil proceeding, if the eligible party did not have reasonable grounds for believing that the eligible party's conduct in respect of which the proceeding was brought was lawful.

        Additionally, if an eligible proceeding is brought against an eligible party by or on behalf of the company or an associated corporation, the company must not indemnify the eligible party or pay or advance the expenses of the eligible party in respect of the proceeding.

        Whether or not payment of expenses or indemnification has been sought, authorized or declined under the BCBCA, section 164 of the BCBCA provides that, on the application of a company or an eligible party, the Supreme Court of British Columbia may do one or more of the following:

(a)

order a company to indemnify an eligible party against any liabilities incurred by the eligible party in respect of an eligible proceeding;



(b)

order a company to pay some or all of the expenses incurred by an eligible party in respect of an eligible proceeding;



(c)

order the enforcement of, or any payment under, an agreement of indemnification entered into by a company;



(d)

order a company to pay some or all of the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by any person in obtaining an order under section 164 of the BCBCA; or



(e)

make any other order the court considers appropriate.

        Section 165 of the BCBCA provides that a company may purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of an eligible party or the heirs and personal or other legal representatives of the eligible party against any liability that may be incurred by reason of the eligible party being or having been a director or officer of, or holding or having held a position equivalent to that of a director or officer of, the company or an associated corporation.

        The Registrant's articles provide that the Registrant must, subject to the BCBCA, indemnify a director, former director, alternate director, officer or former officer of the Registrant or of any affiliate of the Registrant and his or her heirs and legal personal representatives against all eligible penalties to which such person is or may be liable, and the Registrant must, after the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, pay the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such person in respect of that proceeding. Each director, alternate director and officer of the Registrant or any affiliate of the Registrant is deemed to have contracted with the Registrant on the above terms.

        The Registrant's articles further provide that the Registrant may, subject to any restrictions in the BCBCA, indemnify any other person and that the failure of a director, alternate director or officer of the Registrant to comply with the BCBCA or the Registrant's articles does not invalidate any indemnity to which he or she is entitled under the Registrant's articles.

        The Registrant is authorized by its articles to purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of any person (or his or her heirs or legal personal representatives) including, but not limited to, any current or former directors, alternate directors, officers, employees or agents of the Registrant or any affiliate of the Registrant.

        The Registrant maintains directors' and officers' liability insurance coverage through a policy covering the Registrant and its subsidiaries, which has an annual policy limit of CAN$20,000,000, subject to a corporate retention (i.e. deductible) of up to CAN$250,000 per claim. This insurance provides coverage for indemnity payments made by the Registrant to its directors and officers as required or permitted by law for losses, including legal costs, incurred by directors and officers in their capacity as such. This policy also provides coverage directly to individual directors and officers if they are not indemnified by the Registrant. The insurance coverage for directors and officers has customary exclusions, including, but not limited to, acts determined to be uninsurable under laws, or conduct arising out of, based upon, or attributable to, any remuneration, profit or other advantage to which the insured was not entitled to, or deliberate fraudulent or criminal act by the insured.

        Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the Registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is therefore unenforceable.

II-2

EXHIBITS

4.1	Annual information form of the Registrant dated November 24, 2015 for the financial year ended August 31, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 40-F filed with the Commission on November 25, 2015).
4.2	Management information circular of the Registrant dated January 4, 2016 prepared for the purposes of the annual general meeting of the Registrant held on February 26, 2016 at which each of the Registrant's directors was re-elected and the shareholders approved all other matters submitted to a shareholder vote (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on January 15, 2016).
4.3	Audited consolidated financial statements of the Registrant as at and for the financial years ended August 31, 2015 and 2014, together with the notes thereto and the auditor's reports thereon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 40-F filed with the Commission on November 25, 2015).
4.4	Management's discussion and analysis of the Registrant for the financial year ended August 31, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 40-F filed with the Commission on November 25, 2015).
4.5	Unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Registrant for the three months ended November 30, 2015, together with the notes thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on January 15, 2016).
4.6	Management's discussion and analysis of the Registrant for the three months ended November 30, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on January 15, 2016).
4.7	Unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Registrant for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2016, together with the notes thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on July 15, 2016).
4.8	Management's discussion and analysis of the Registrant for the nine months ended May 31, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on July 15, 2016).
4.9	Technical Report entitled "Mineral Resource Update on the Waterberg Project Located in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa" dated April 29, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on May 2, 2016).
4.10	Technical Report entitled "An Independent Technical Report on the Maseve Project (WBJV Project areas 1 and 1A) located on the Western Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa" dated August 28, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on September 1, 2015).
4.11	Material change report of the Registrant filed November 3, 2015 announcing that it had entered into a second lien credit agreement with Liberty Metals & Mining Holdings, LLC, a subsidiary of Liberty Mutual Insurance, for a US$40 million secured operating loan facility (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on November 3, 2015).
4.12	Material change report of the Registrant filed November 23, 2015 announcing that it had simultaneously drawn down, in full, on the US$40 million secured operating loan facility with Liberty Metals & Mining Holdings, LLC, and the US$40 million secured loan facility with Sprott Resource Lending Partnership, among other lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on November 23, 2015).

II-3

4.13	Material change report of the Registrant filed January 12, 2016 announcing that the budget funded by Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, the Registrant's joint venture partner, for the Waterberg Project had been expanded from US$8.0 million to US$8.5 million for the annual period ending March 31, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on January 12, 2016).
4.14	Material change report of the Registrant filed January 26, 2016 announcing the consolidation of its common shares on the basis of one new common share for ten old common shares effective January 26, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on January 26, 2016).
4.15	Material change report of the Registrant filed February 9, 2016 announcing the successful completion of hot commissioning at Project 1 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on February 9, 2016).
4.16	Material change report of the Registrant filed March 17, 2016 announcing that over 90% of recent infill drilling on the Waterberg Project had successfully intersected the "T" and "F" targeted layers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on March 17, 2016).
4.17	Material change report of the Registrant filed April 19, 2016 announcing an increase in the resource estimate for platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold at the Waterberg JV Project (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on April 19, 2016).
4.18	Material change report of the Registrant filed May 5, 2016 announcing the modification agreements, each dated May 3, 2016, to the US$40 million secured loan facilities with each of Sprott Resource Lending Partnership, among other lenders, and Liberty Metals & Mining Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on May 5, 2016).
4.19	Material change report of the Registrant filed May 5, 2016 announcing that the Registrant had entered into an agreement with a syndicate of underwriters to buy, on a bought deal basis, 11,000,000 of the Registrant's common shares, at a price of US$3.00 per common share (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on May 6, 2016).
4.20	Material change report of the Registrant filed May 26, 2016 announcing the closing of the an agreement with a syndicate of underwriters to buy, on a bought deal basis, 11,000,000 of the Registrant's common shares, at a price of US$3.00 per common share (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on May 26, 2016).
4.21	Material change report of the Registrant filed June 1, 2016 announcing new platinum, palladium and gold assay results for recent drill intercepts completed on the Waterberg Project (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on June 1, 2016).
4.22	Material change report of the Registrant filed July 14, 2016 announcing financial results and highlights for the nine months ended May 31, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on July 15, 2016).
4.23	Material change report of the Registrant filed September 20, 2016 announcing updates on Project 1 and the Waterberg Project and the modification agreements, each dated September 19, 2016, to the US$40 million secured loan facilities with each of Sprott Resource Lending Partnership, among other lenders, and Liberty Metals & Mining Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on September 20, 2016).

II-4

4.24	Material change report of the Registrant filed October 12, 2016 announcing that Sprott Resource Lending Partnership, among other lenders, have provided a US$5 million second advance to the Registrant pursuant to an amended and restated credit agreement dated October 11, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on October 12, 2016).
5.1	Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
5.2	Consent of Gordon Cunningham.
5.3	Consent of R. Michael Jones.
5.4	Consent of Gert Roets.
5.5	Consent of Charles Muller.
6.1	Powers of Attorney (included on the signature page of the initial filing of the Registration Statement).
7.1	Form of Indenture relating to securities to which this Registration Statement relates (if Debt Securities are offered pursuant to this Registration Statement, the Registrant will file with the Commission a trustee's Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1).

II-5

PART III

UNDERTAKING AND CONSENT TO SERVICE OF PROCESS

Item 1.    Undertaking.

        The Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to the securities registered pursuant to this Form F-10 or to transactions in said securities.

Item 2.    Consent to Service of Process.

(a)

The Registrant has filed with the Commission a written irrevocable consent and power of attorney on Form F-X.



(b)

Any change to the name or address of the Registrant's agent for service shall be communicated promptly to the Commission by amendment to Form F-X referencing the file number of this Registration Statement.

III-1

SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-10 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on this 14^th day of October, 2016.

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
By:	/s/ R. MICHAEL JONES
	Name:	R. Michael Jones
	Title:	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ R. MICHAEL JONES R. Michael Jones	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (principal executive officer)	October 14, 2016
/s/ FRANK HALLAM Frank Hallam	Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Director (principal financial and accounting officer)	October 14, 2016
* Eric Carlson	Director	October 14, 2016
* Iain McLean	Director	October 14, 2016
* Timothy Marlow	Director	October 14, 2016
* Barry W. Smee	Director	October 14, 2016
* Diana Walters	Director and Authorized Representative in the United States	October 14, 2016

*By:	/s/ FRANK HALLAM
	Name:	Frank Hallam
	Title:	Attorney-in-Fact

III-2

EXHIBIT INDEX

4.1	Annual information form of the Registrant dated November 24, 2015 for the financial year ended August 31, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 40-F filed with the Commission on November 25, 2015).
4.2	Management information circular of the Registrant dated January 4, 2016 prepared for the purposes of the annual general meeting of the Registrant held on February 26, 2016 at which each of the Registrant's directors was re-elected and the shareholders approved all other matters submitted to a shareholder vote (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on January 15, 2016).
4.3	Audited consolidated financial statements of the Registrant as at and for the financial years ended August 31, 2015 and 2014, together with the notes thereto and the auditor's reports thereon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 40-F filed with the Commission on November 25, 2015).
4.4	Management's discussion and analysis of the Registrant for the financial year ended August 31, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 40-F filed with the Commission on November 25, 2015).
4.5	Unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Registrant for the three months ended November 30, 2015, together with the notes thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on January 15, 2016).
4.6	Management's discussion and analysis of the Registrant for the three months ended November 30, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on January 15, 2016).
4.7	Unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Registrant for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2016, together with the notes thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on July 15, 2016).
4.8	Management's discussion and analysis of the Registrant for the nine months ended May 31, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on July 15, 2016).
4.9	Technical Report entitled "Mineral Resource Update on the Waterberg Project Located in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa" dated April 29, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on May 2, 2016).
4.10	Technical Report entitled "An Independent Technical Report on the Maseve Project (WBJV Project areas 1 and 1A) located on the Western Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa" dated August 28, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on September 1, 2015).
4.11	Material change report of the Registrant filed November 3, 2015 announcing that it had entered into a second lien credit agreement with Liberty Metals & Mining Holdings, LLC, a subsidiary of Liberty Mutual Insurance, for a US$40 million secured operating loan facility (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on November 3, 2015).
4.12	Material change report of the Registrant filed November 23, 2015 announcing that it had simultaneously drawn down, in full, on the US$40 million secured operating loan facility with Liberty Metals & Mining Holdings, LLC, and the US$40 million secured loan facility with Sprott Resource Lending Partnership, among other lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on November 23, 2015).
4.13	Material change report of the Registrant filed January 12, 2016 announcing that the budget funded by Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, the Registrant's joint venture partner, for the Waterberg Project had been expanded from US$8.0 million to US$8.5 million for the annual period ending March 31, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on January 12, 2016).

4.14	Material change report of the Registrant filed January 26, 2016 announcing the consolidation of its common shares on the basis of one new common share for ten old common shares effective January 26, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on January 26, 2016).
4.15	Material change report of the Registrant filed February 9, 2016 announcing the successful completion of hot commissioning at Project 1 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on February 9, 2016).
4.16	Material change report of the Registrant filed March 17, 2016 announcing that over 90% of recent infill drilling on the Waterberg Project had successfully intersected the "T" and "F" targeted layers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on March 17, 2016).
4.17	Material change report of the Registrant filed April 19, 2016 announcing an increase in the resource estimate for platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold at the Waterberg JV Project (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on April 19, 2016).
4.18	Material change report of the Registrant filed May 5, 2016 announcing the modification agreements, each dated May 3, 2016, to the US$40 million secured loan facilities with each of Sprott Resource Lending Partnership, among other lenders, and Liberty Metals & Mining Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on May 5, 2016).
4.19	Material change report of the Registrant filed May 5, 2016 announcing that the Registrant had entered into an agreement with a syndicate of underwriters to buy, on a bought deal basis, 11,000,000 of the Registrant's common shares, at a price of US$3.00 per common share (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on May 6, 2016).
4.20	Material change report of the Registrant filed May 26, 2016 announcing the closing of the an agreement with a syndicate of underwriters to buy, on a bought deal basis, 11,000,000 of the Registrant's common shares, at a price of US$3.00 per common share (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on May 26, 2016).
4.21	Material change report of the Registrant filed June 1, 2016 announcing new platinum, palladium and gold assay results for recent drill intercepts completed on the Waterberg Project (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on June 1, 2016).
4.22	Material change report of the Registrant filed July 14, 2016 announcing financial results and highlights for the nine months ended May 31, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on July 15, 2016).
4.23	Material change report of the Registrant filed September 20, 2016 announcing updates on Project 1 and the Waterberg Project and the modification agreements, each dated September 19, 2016, to the US$40 million secured loan facilities with each of Sprott Resource Lending Partnership, among other lenders, and Liberty Metals & Mining Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on September 20, 2016).
4.24	Material change report of the Registrant filed October 12, 2016 announcing that Sprott Resource Lending Partnership, among other lenders, have provided a US$5 million second advance to the Registrant pursuant to an amended and restated credit agreement dated October 11, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on October 12, 2016).
5.1	Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
5.2	Consent of Gordon Cunningham.
5.3	Consent of R. Michael Jones.
5.4	Consent of Gert Roets.
5.5	Consent of Charles Muller.
6.1	Powers of Attorney (included on the signature page of the initial filing of the Registration Statement).
7.1	Form of Indenture relating to securities to which this Registration Statement relates (if Debt Securities are offered pursuant to this Registration Statement, the Registrant will file with the Commission a trustee's Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1).

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PART I INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BE DELIVERED TO OFFEREES OR PURCHASERS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CAUTIONARY NOTE TO UNITED STATES INVESTORS
RESERVE AND RESOURCE DISCLOSURE
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
CURRENCY PRESENTATION AND EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION
NOTICE REGARDING NON-IFRS MEASURES
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY
Figure 1: Drillhole location and Interpreted Geology of the Waterberg Project
Table 1 F Zone Mineral Resource Details
T Zone
Waterberg Total
RISK FACTORS
USE OF PROCEEDS
EARNINGS COVERAGE RATIO
CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION
DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING INDEBTEDNESS
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
PRIOR SALES
PRICE RANGE AND TRADING VOLUME
DIVIDEND POLICY
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
LEGAL MATTERS
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
INTEREST OF EXPERTS
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
PART II INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED TO BE DELIVERED TO OFFEREES OR PURCHASERS
EXHIBITS
PART III UNDERTAKING AND CONSENT TO SERVICE OF PROCESS

Item 1. Undertaking.
Item 2. Consent to Service of Process.

SIGNATURES
EXHIBIT INDEX

EX-5.1

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Exhibit 5.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITOR

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form F-10 (Amendment No. 1) of Platinum Group Metals Ltd. ("the Company") of our auditor's report dated November 24, 2015 relating to the consolidated statements of financial position of the Company as at August 31, 2015 and August 31, 2014 and the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss, changes in equity, and cash flows for the years ended August 31, 2015 and August 31, 2014, which appear in the Company's Annual Report on Form 40-F for the year ended August 31, 2015.

/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Vancouver, British Columbia
October 14, 2016

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Exhibit 5.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITOR

EX-5.2

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Exhibit 5.2

CONSENT OF EXPERT

        The undersigned, on his own behalf and on behalf of Turnberry Projects (Pty) Ltd., hereby consents to the references to, the information derived from, and the incorporation by reference of the report titled "An Independent Technical Report on the Maseve Project (WBJV Project areas 1 and 1A) located on the Western Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa", dated August 28, 2015 and to the references, as applicable, to the undersigned's name and to Turnberry Projects (Pty) Ltd. included in or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement on Form F-10 being filed by Platinum Group Metals Ltd., dated October 5, 2016, and any amendments thereto and any registration statements filed pursuant to Rule 429 under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

/s/ GORDON CUNNINGHAM
Gordon Cunningham
Turnberry Projects (Pty) Ltd.
Date: October 14, 2016

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Exhibit 5.2

CONSENT OF EXPERT

EX-5.3

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Exhibit 5.3

CONSENT OF EXPERT

        The undersigned hereby consents to all references to him as a non-independent qualified person included in or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement on Form F-10 being filed by Platinum Group Metals Ltd., dated October 5, 2016, and any amendments thereto and any registration statements filed pursuant to Rule 429 under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

/s/ R. MICHAEL JONES
R. Michael Jones
Date: October 14, 2016

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Exhibit 5.3

CONSENT OF EXPERT

EX-5.4

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Exhibit 5.4

CONSENT OF EXPERT

        The undersigned, on his own behalf and on behalf of DRA Projects SA (Pty) Ltd., hereby consents to the references to, the information derived from, and the incorporation by reference of the report titled "An Independent Technical Report on the Maseve Project (WBJV Project areas 1 and 1A) located on the Western Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa", dated August 28, 2015 and to the references, as applicable, to the undersigned's name and to DRA Projects SA (Pty) Ltd. included in or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement on Form F-10 being filed by Platinum Group Metals Ltd., dated October 5, 2016, and any amendments thereto and any registration statements filed pursuant to Rule 429 under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

/s/ GERT ROETS
Gert Roets
DRA Projects SA (Pty) Ltd.
Date: October 14, 2016

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Exhibit 5.4

CONSENT OF EXPERT

EX-5.5

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Exhibit 5.5

CONSENT OF EXPERT

        The undersigned, on his own behalf and on behalf of CJM Consulting, South Africa, (Pty) Ltd., hereby consents to the references to, the information derived from, and where applicable, the incorporation by reference of, the reports titled (i) "An Independent Technical Report on the Maseve Project (WBJV Project areas 1 and 1A) located on the Western Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa", dated August 28, 2015, (ii) "Technical Report on Project 3 Resource Cut Estimation of the Western Bushveld Joint Venture (WBJV) Located on the Western Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa" dated August 31, 2010, and (iii) "Mineral Resource Update on the Waterberg Project Located in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa" dated April 29, 2016, as well as to the references, as applicable, to the undersigned's name and to CJM Consulting, South Africa, (Pty) Ltd. included in or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement on Form F-10 being filed by Platinum Group Metals Ltd., dated October 5, 2016, and any amendments thereto and any registration statements filed pursuant to Rule 429 under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

/s/ CHARLES MULLER
Charles Muller
CJM Consulting, South Africa, (Pty) Ltd.
Date: October 14, 2016

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Exhibit 5.5

CONSENT OF EXPERT

EX-7.1

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Exhibit 7.1

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
as Issuer

and

[                        ]
as Trustee

Indenture
Dated as of [                        ]

Platinum Group Metals Ltd.

Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act
of 1939 and Indenture, dated as of [                        ]

Trust Indenture Act Section	Indenture Section
§ 310(a)(1)	Section 607
(a)(2)	Section 607
(b)	Section 608
§ 312(c)	Section 701
§ 314(a)	Section 703
(a)(4)	Section 904
(c)(1)	Section 102
(c)(2)	Section 102
(e)	Section 102
§ 315(b)	Section 601
§ 316(a)(last sentence)	Section 101 ("Outstanding")
(a)(1)(A)	Section 502, Section 512
(a)(1)(B)	Section 513
(b)	Section 508
(c)	Section 104(e)
§ 317(a)(1)	Section 503
(a)(2)	Section 504
(b)	Section 903
§ 318(a)	Section 111

TABLE OF CONTENTS*

		Page
ARTICLE ONE DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION		1
SECTION 101.	Definitions	1
SECTION 102.	Compliance Certificates and Opinions	7
SECTION 103.	Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee	8
SECTION 104.	Acts of Holders	8
SECTION 105.	Notices, Etc. to Trustee and Company	9
SECTION 106.	Notice to Holders; Waiver	10
SECTION 107.	Effect of Headings and Table of Contents	10
SECTION 108.	Successors and Assigns	10
SECTION 109.	Separability Clause	10
SECTION 110.	Benefits of Indenture	10
SECTION 111.	Governing Law	10
SECTION 112.	Legal Holidays	11
SECTION 113.	Agent for Service; Submission to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Immunities	11
SECTION 114.	Conversion of Currency	11
SECTION 115.	Currency Equivalent	12
SECTION 116.	No Recourse Against Others	12
SECTION 117.	Conflict with Trust Indenture Act	12
ARTICLE TWO SECURITY FORMS		12
SECTION 201.	Forms Generally	12
SECTION 202.	Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication	13
SECTION 203.	Securities Issuable in Global Form	13
ARTICLE THREE THE SECURITIES		13
SECTION 301.	Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series	13
SECTION 302.	Denominations	16
SECTION 303.	Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating	16
SECTION 304.	Temporary Securities	18
SECTION 305.	Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange	19
SECTION 306.	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities	22
SECTION 307.	Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest; Interest Rights Preserved; Optional Interest Reset	23
SECTION 308.	Optional Extension of Stated Maturity	25
SECTION 309.	Persons Deemed Owners	25
SECTION 310.	Cancellation	26
SECTION 311.	Computation of Interest	26
SECTION 312.	Currency and Manner of Payments in Respect of Securities	26
SECTION 313.	Appointment and Resignation of Successor Exchange Rate Agent	29
ARTICLE FOUR SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE		29
SECTION 401.	Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture	29
SECTION 402.	Application of Trust Money	30

*

This table of contents shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.

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		Page
ARTICLE FIVE REMEDIES		30
SECTION 501.	Events of Default	30
SECTION 502.	Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment	31
SECTION 503.	Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee	32
SECTION 504.	Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	33
SECTION 505.	Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities	33
SECTION 506.	Application of Money Collected	33
SECTION 507.	Limitation on Suits	34
SECTION 508.	Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest	34
SECTION 509.	Restoration of Rights and Remedies	34
SECTION 510.	Rights and Remedies Cumulative	34
SECTION 511.	Delay or Omission Not Waiver	34
SECTION 512.	Control by Holders	35
SECTION 513.	Waiver of Past Defaults	35
SECTION 514.	Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws	35
SECTION 515.	Undertaking for Costs	35
ARTICLE SIX THE TRUSTEE		35
SECTION 601.	Notice of Defaults	35
SECTION 602.	Certain Rights of Trustee	36
SECTION 603.	Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities	36
SECTION 604.	May Hold Securities	37
SECTION 605.	Money Held in Trust	37
SECTION 606.	Compensation and Reimbursement	37
SECTION 607.	Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility; Conflicting Interests	37
SECTION 608.	Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor	38
SECTION 609.	Acceptance of Appointment by Successor	39
SECTION 610.	Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business	39
SECTION 611.	Appointment of Authenticating Agent	40
ARTICLE SEVEN HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND THE COMPANY		41
SECTION 701.	Disclosure of Names and Addresses of Holders	41
SECTION 702.	Reports by Trustee	41
SECTION 703.	Reports by the Company	41
SECTION 704.	The Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders	42
ARTICLE EIGHT SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES		42
SECTION 801.	Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders	42
SECTION 802.	Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders	43
SECTION 803.	Execution of Supplemental Indentures	44
SECTION 804.	Effect of Supplemental Indentures	44
SECTION 805.	Conformity with Trust Indenture Act	44
SECTION 806.	Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures	44
SECTION 807.	Notice of Supplemental Indentures	44
ARTICLE NINE COVENANTS		44
SECTION 901.	Payment of Principal, Premium, if any, and Interest	44
SECTION 902.	Maintenance of Office or Agency	44

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		Page
SECTION 903.	Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust	45
SECTION 904.	Statement as to Compliance	46
SECTION 905.	Payment of Taxes and Other Claims	46
SECTION 906.	Maintenance of Properties	47
SECTION 907.	Corporate Existence	47
SECTION 908.	Waiver of Certain Covenants	47
SECTION 909.	Consolidation, Amalgamation, Merger and Sale of Assets	47
ARTICLE TEN REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES		48
SECTION 1001.	Applicability of Article	48
SECTION 1002.	Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee	48
SECTION 1003.	Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed	48
SECTION 1004.	Notice of Redemption	48
SECTION 1005.	Deposit of Redemption Price	49
SECTION 1006.	Securities Payable on Redemption Date	49
SECTION 1007.	Securities Redeemed in Part	50
ARTICLE ELEVEN SINKING FUNDS		50
SECTION 1101.	Applicability of Article	50
SECTION 1102.	Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities	50
SECTION 1103.	Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund	50
ARTICLE TWELVE REPAYMENT AT OPTION OF HOLDERS		51
SECTION 1201.	Applicability of Article	51
SECTION 1202.	Repayment of Securities	51
SECTION 1203.	Exercise of Option	51
SECTION 1204.	When Securities Presented for Repayment Become Due and Payable	52
SECTION 1205.	Securities Repaid in Part	52
ARTICLE THIRTEEN DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE		52
SECTION 1301.	Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance	52
SECTION 1302.	Defeasance and Discharge	53
SECTION 1303.	Covenant Defeasance	53
SECTION 1304.	Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance	53
SECTION 1305.	Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions	55
SECTION 1306.	Reinstatement	55
ARTICLE FOURTEEN MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES		56
SECTION 1401.	Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called	56
SECTION 1402.	Call, Notice and Place of Meetings	56
SECTION 1403.	Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings	56
SECTION 1404.	Quorum; Action	56
SECTION 1405.	Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings	57
SECTION 1406.	Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings	58

iii

        This INDENTURE, dated as of [                        ], between Platinum Group Metals Ltd., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the Province of British Columbia (herein called the "Company"), having its principal office at Bentall Tower 5, 550 Burrard Street, Suite 788, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 2B5 and [                        ], a [                        ] banking corporation, as trustee (herein called the "Trustee").

RECITALS

        The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its debentures, notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the "Securities"), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided.

        This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, that are required to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions.

        All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company in accordance with its terms, have been done.

        NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

        For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series thereof, as follows:

ARTICLE ONE

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

        SECTION 101.    Definitions. For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires:

        (1)   the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

        (2)   unless otherwise defined in this Indenture or the context otherwise requires, all terms used herein without definition which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein;

        (3)   the words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

        (4)   references to "Article" or "Section" or other subdivision herein are references to an Article, Section or other subdivision of the Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires.

        Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms defined in this Section 101 shall for all purposes of this Indenture have the meanings hereinafter set forth:

        "Act," when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in Section 104.

        "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, "control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

        "Authenticating Agent" means any Person appointed by the Trustee to act on behalf of the Trustee pursuant to Section 611 to authenticate Securities.

        "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper, in the English language or in an official language of the country of publication, customarily published on each Business Day, whether or not published on Saturdays, Sundays or holidays, and of general circulation in each place in connection with which the term is used or in the

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financial community of each such place. Where successive publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any Business Day.

        "Bankruptcy Law" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

        "Bankruptcy Order" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

        "Bearer Security" means any Security except a Registered Security.

        "Board of Directors" means the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such board.

        "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

        "Business Day," when used with respect to any Place of Payment or any other particular location referred to in this Indenture or in the Securities, means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment or other location are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

        "calculation period" has the meaning specified in Section 311.

        "Canadian GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles in effect in Canada including the accounting recommendations published or incorporated by reference, from time to time, in the Handbook of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants.

        "Clearstream" means Clearstream Banking, société anonyme, or its successor.

        "Commission" means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act or, if at any time after the execution of this Indenture such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.

        "Common Depositary" has the meaning specified in Section 304.

        "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Company" shall mean such successor Person.

        "Company Request" or "Company Order" means a written request or order signed in the name of the Company by the Chairman, the President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee.

        "Component Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 312.

        "Conversion Date" has the meaning specified in Section 312(d).

        "Conversion Event" means the cessation of use of (i) a Foreign Currency (other than the Euro or other currency unit) both by the government of the country which issued such Currency and by a central bank or other public institution of or within the international banking community for the settlement of transactions, (ii) the Euro or (iii) any currency unit (or composite currency) other than the Euro for the purposes for which it was established.

        "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal corporate trust office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business may be administered, which office on the date of execution of this Indenture is located at             .

        "corporation" includes corporations, associations, companies and business trusts.

        "coupon" means any interest coupon appertaining to a Bearer Security.

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        "covenant defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1303.

        "Currency" means any currency or currencies, composite currency or currency unit or currency units, including, without limitation, the Euro, issued by the government of one or more countries or by any recognized confederation or association of such governments.

        "Custodian" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

        "Default" means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.

        "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

        "defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1302.

        "Depositary" means with respect to the Securities of any series issuable or issued in the form of one or more Registered Securities, the Person designated as Depositary by the Company pursuant to Section 301 until a successor Depositary shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Depositary" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Depositary hereunder, and, if at any time there is more than one such Person, "Depositary" as used with respect to the Securities of any such series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Registered Securities of that series.

        "Dollar" or "$" means a dollar or other equivalent unit in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time shall be legal tender for the payment of public and private debts.

        "Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit" has the meaning specified in Section 312(g).

        "Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 312(f).

        "Election Date" has the meaning specified in Section 312(h).

        "Euro" means the single currency of the participating member states from time to time of the European Union described in legislation of the European Counsel for the operation of a single unified European currency (whether known as the Euro or otherwise).

        "Euroclear" means Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., or its successor as operator of the Euroclear System.

        "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

        "Exchange Act" means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

        "Exchange Date" has the meaning specified in Section 304.

        "Exchange Rate Agent" means, with respect to Securities of or within any series, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, a New York clearing house bank, designated pursuant to Section 301 or 313.

        "Exchange Rate Officer's Certificate" means a tested telex or a certificate setting forth (i) the applicable Market Exchange Rate and (ii) the Dollar or Foreign Currency amounts of principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any (on an aggregate basis and on the basis of a Security having the lowest denomination principal amount determined in accordance with Section 302 in the relevant Currency), payable with respect to a Security of any series on the basis of such Market Exchange Rate, sent (in the case of a telex) or signed (in the case of a certificate) by the Treasurer, any Vice President or any Assistant Treasurer of the Company.

        "Extension Notice" has the meaning specified in Section 308.

        "Extension Period" has the meaning specified in Section 308.

        "Federal Bankruptcy Code" means the Bankruptcy Act of Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended from time to time.

        "Final Maturity" has the meaning specified in Section 308.

        "First Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 115.

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        "Foreign Currency" means any Currency other than Currency of the United States of America.

        "Government Obligations" means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any series of Securities pursuant to Section 301, securities which are (a) direct obligations of the government which issued the Currency in which the Securities of a particular series are payable or (b) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the government which issued the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed by such government, which, in either case, are full faith and credit obligations of such government payable in such Currency and are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of a holder of a depository receipt; provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest or principal of the Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

        "Holder" means, in the case of a Registered Security, the Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Security Register and, in the case of a Bearer Security, the bearer thereof and, when used with respect to any coupon, shall mean the bearer thereof.

        "Indebtedness" means obligations for money borrowed whether or not evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or other similar evidences of indebtedness.

        "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed and as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 301; provided, however, that, if at any time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under this instrument, "Indenture" shall mean, with respect to any one or more series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established as contemplated by Section 301, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of Securities for which such Person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted, and exclusive of any provisions or terms adopted by means of one or more indentures supplemental hereto executed and delivered after such Person had become such Trustee but to which such Person, as such Trustee, was not a party.

        "Indexed Security" means a Security the terms of which provide that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the principal face amount thereof at original issuance.

        "interest," when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity at the rate prescribed in such Original Issue Discount Security.

        "Interest Payment Date," when used with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

        "Judgment Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 114.

        "Lien" means any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or encumbrance of any kind created, incurred or assumed in order to secure payment of Indebtedness.

        "mandatory sinking fund payment" has the meaning specified in Section 1101.

        "Market Exchange Rate" means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, (i) for any conversion involving a currency unit on the one hand and Dollars or any Foreign Currency on the other, the exchange rate between the relevant currency unit and Dollars or such Foreign Currency calculated by the method specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of the relevant series, (ii) for any conversion of Dollars into any Foreign Currency, the noon (New York City time) buying rate for such Foreign Currency for cable transfers quoted in New York City as certified for customs purposes by the Federal

4

Reserve Bank of New York and (iii) for any conversion of one Foreign Currency into Dollars or another Foreign Currency, the spot rate at noon local time in the relevant market at which, in accordance with normal banking procedures, the Dollars or Foreign Currency into which conversion is being made could be purchased with the Foreign Currency from which conversion is being made from major banks located in New York City, London or any other principal market for Dollars or such purchased Foreign Currency, in each case determined by the Exchange Rate Agent. Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, in the event of the unavailability of any of the exchange rates provided for in the foregoing clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), the Exchange Rate Agent shall use, in its sole discretion and without liability on its part, such quotation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as of the most recent available date, or quotations from one or more major banks in New York City, London or another principal market for the Currency in question, or such other quotations as the Exchange Rate Agent shall deem appropriate. Unless otherwise specified by the Exchange Rate Agent, if there is more than one market for dealing in any Currency by reason of foreign exchange regulations or otherwise, the market to be used in respect of such Currency shall be that upon which a non-resident issuer of securities designated in such Currency would purchase such Currency in order to make payments in respect of such securities.

        "Maturity," when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, notice of redemption, notice of option to elect repayment or otherwise.

        "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee.

        "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who may be counsel for the Company, including an employee of the Company, and who shall be acceptable to the Trustee.

        "Optional Reset Date" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

        "optional sinking fund payment" has the meaning specified in Section 1101.

        "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502.

        "Original Stated Maturity" has the meaning specified in Section 308.

        "Other Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 115.

        "Outstanding," when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except:

        (i)    Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation;

        (ii)   Securities, or portions thereof, for whose payment or redemption or repayment at the option of the Holder money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto; provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made;

        (iii)  Securities, except to the extent provided in Sections 1302 and 1303, with respect to which the Company has effected defeasance and/or covenant defeasance as provided in Article Thirteen; and

        (iv)  Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 306 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a protected purchaser (as defined in Article 8 of the UCC) in whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company;

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provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder or are present at a meeting of Holders for quorum purposes, and for the purpose of making the calculations required by TIA Section 313, (i) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall be deemed to be Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the amount of principal thereof that would be (or shall have been declared to be) due and payable, at the time of such determination, upon a declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502, (ii) the principal amount of any Security denominated in a Foreign Currency that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall be deemed Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the Dollar equivalent, determined as of the date such Security is originally issued as set forth in an Exchange Rate Officer's Certificate delivered to the Trustee, of the principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the Dollar equivalent as of such date of original issuance of the amount determined as provided in clause (i) above) of such Security, (iii) the principal amount of any Indexed Security that may be counted in making such determination or calculation and that shall be deemed outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the principal face amount of such Indexed Security at original issuance, unless otherwise provided with respect to such Security pursuant to Section 301, and (iv) Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in making such calculation or in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which the Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee certifies to the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor.

        "Paying Agent" means any Person (including the Company acting as Paying Agent) authorized by the Company to pay the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Securities on behalf of the Company.

        "Person" means any individual, corporation, body corporate, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, unlimited liability company, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

        "Place of Payment" means, when used with respect to the Securities of or within any series, the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities are payable as specified as contemplated by Section 301 and Section 902.

        "Predecessor Security" means, with respect to any Security, every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same Indebtedness as that evidenced by such particular Security, and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same Indebtedness as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.

        "rate(s) of exchange" has the meaning specified in Section 114.

        "Redemption Date," when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, in whole or in part, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

        "Redemption Price," when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, in whole or in part, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the Redemption Date.

        "Registered Security" means any Security registered in the Security Register.

        "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date on the Registered Securities of or within any series means the date specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 301.

        "Repayment Date" means, when used with respect to any Security to be repaid at the option of the Holder, the date fixed for such repayment pursuant to this Indenture.

        "Required Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 114.

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        "Reset Notice" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

        "Responsible Officer," when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer assigned to the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee having direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture, and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.

        "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture; provided, however, that if at any time there is more than one Person acting as Trustee under this Indenture, "Securities" with respect to the Indenture as to which such Person is Trustee shall have the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and shall more particularly mean Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, exclusive, however, of Securities of any series as to which such Person is not Trustee.

        "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the respective meanings specified in Section 305.

        "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Registered Securities of or within any series means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

        "Specified Amount" has the meaning specified in Section 312.

        "Stated Maturity," when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security or a coupon representing such installment of interest as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable, as such date may be extended pursuant to the provisions of Section 308 (if applicable).

        "Subsequent Interest Period" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

        "Trust Indenture Act" or "TIA" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended and as in force at the date as of which this Indenture was executed except as provided in Section 805.

        "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder; provided, however, that if at any time there is more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean only the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

        "UCC" means the New York uniform commercial code in effect from time to time.

        "United States" means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, the United States of America (including the states and the District of Columbia), its territories, its possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction.

        "Valuation Date" has the meaning specified in Section 312(c).

        "Vice President," when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title "vice president".

        "Yield to Maturity" means the yield to maturity, computed at the time of issuance of a Security (or, if applicable, at the most recent redetermination of interest on such Security) and as set forth in such Security in accordance with generally accepted United States bond yield computation principles.

        SECTION 102.    Compliance Certificates and Opinions. Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture (including any covenant compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent) relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.

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        Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a covenant or condition provided for in this Indenture (other than pursuant to Section 904) shall include:

        (1)   a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating thereto;

        (2)   a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

        (3)   a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

        (4)   a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such covenant or condition has been complied with.

        SECTION 103.    Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee. In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

        Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.

        Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company or of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to accounting matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an accountant or firm of accountants in the employ of the Company, unless, in the case of a certificate or an opinion of an officer of the Company, such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the accounting matters upon which such certificate or opinion may be based are erroneous. Any certificate or opinion of any independent firm of public accountants filed with the Trustee shall contain a statement that such firm is independent.

        Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.

        SECTION 104.    Acts of Holders.

        (a)   Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders of the Outstanding Securities of all series or one or more series, as the case may be, may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agents duly appointed in writing. If Securities of a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders of such series may, alternatively, be embodied in and evidenced by the record of Holders of Securities of such series voting in favor thereof, either in person or by proxies duly appointed in writing, at any meeting of Holders of Securities of such series duly called and held in accordance with the provisions of Article Fourteen, or a combination of such instruments and any such record. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments or record or both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments or

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so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent, or of the holding by any Person of a Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section 104. The record of any meeting of Holders of Securities shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 1406.

        (b)   The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved in any reasonable manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

        (c)   The principal amount and serial numbers of Registered Securities held by any Person, and the date of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security Register.

        (d)   The principal amount and serial numbers of Bearer Securities held by any Person, and the date of holding the same, may be proved by the production of such Bearer Securities or by a certificate executed, as depositary, by any trust company, bank, banker or other depositary, wherever situated, if such certificate shall be deemed by the Trustee to be satisfactory, showing that at the date therein mentioned such Person had on deposit with such depositary, or exhibited to it, the Bearer Securities therein described; or such facts may be proved by the certificate or affidavit of the Person holding such Bearer Securities, if such certificate or affidavit is deemed by the Trustee to be satisfactory. The Trustee and the Company may assume that such ownership of any Bearer Security continues until (1) another certificate or affidavit bearing a later date issued in respect of the same Bearer Security is produced, or (2) such Bearer Security is produced to the Trustee by some other Person, or (3) such Bearer Security is surrendered in exchange for a Registered Security, or (4) such Bearer Security is no longer Outstanding. The principal amount and serial numbers of Bearer Securities held by any Person, and the date of holding the same, may also be proved in any other manner that the Trustee deems sufficient.

        (e)   If the Company shall solicit from the Holders of Registered Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may, at its option, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, fix in advance a record date for the determination of Holders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the Company, shall have no obligation to do so. Notwithstanding TIA Section 316(c), such record date shall be the record date specified in or pursuant to such Board Resolution, which shall be a date not earlier than the date 30 days prior to the first solicitation of Holders generally in connection therewith and not later than the date such solicitation is completed. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the Holders of record at the close of business on such record date shall be deemed to be Holders for the purposes of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of such record date; provided that no such authorization, agreement or consent by the Holders on such record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than eleven months after the record date.

        (f)    Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security.

        SECTION 105.    Notices, Etc. to Trustee and Company. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other documents provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with:

        (1)   the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing or sent by facsimile to the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, or

        (2)   the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, or sent by overnight courier to the Company (mailed or delivered to its Secretary at its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this Indenture)

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        SECTION 106.    Notice to Holders; Waiver. Where this Indenture provides for notice of any event to Holders of Registered Securities by the Company or the Trustee, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each such Holder affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders of Registered Securities is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Registered Securities or the sufficiency of any notice to Holders of Bearer Securities given as provided. Any notice mailed to a Holder in the manner herein prescribed shall be conclusively deemed to have been received by such Holder, whether or not such Holder actually receives such notice.

        In case, by reason of the suspension of or irregularities in regular mail service or by reason of any other cause, it shall be impractical to mail notice of any event to Holders of Registered Securities when such notice is required to be given pursuant to any provision of this Indenture, then any manner of giving such notice as shall be directed by the Company shall be deemed to be sufficient giving of such notice for every purpose hereunder.

        Except as otherwise expressly provided herein or otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of Bearer Securities of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given to Holders of Bearer Securities if published in an Authorized Newspaper in The City of New York and in such other city or cities as may be specified in such Securities on a Business Day at least twice, the first such publication to be not earlier than the earliest date, and not later than the latest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. Any such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the date of the first such publication.

        In case, by reason of the suspension of publication of any Authorized Newspaper or Authorized Newspapers or by reason of any other cause, it shall be impracticable to publish any notice to Holders of Bearer Securities as provided above, then such notification to Holders of Bearer Securities as shall be given as directed by the Company shall constitute sufficient notice to such Holders for every purpose hereunder. Neither the failure to give notice by publication to Holders of Bearer Securities as provided above, nor any defect in any notice so published, shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Bearer Securities or the sufficiency of any notice to Holders of Registered Securities given as provided herein.

        Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language, except that any published notice may be in an official language of the country of publication.

        Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

        SECTION 107.    Effect of Headings and Table of Contents. The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

        SECTION 108.    Successors and Assigns. All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

        SECTION 109.    Separability Clause. In case any provision in this Indenture or in any Security or coupon shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

        SECTION 110.    Benefits of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities or coupons, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Securities Registrar and their successors hereunder and the Holders of Securities or coupons, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

        SECTION 111.    Governing Law. This Indenture and the Securities and coupons shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State of New York. This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the

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Trust Indenture Act that are required to be part of this Indenture and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions.

        SECTION 112.    Legal Holidays. In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, sinking fund payment date or Stated Maturity or Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of any Security or coupon other than a provision in the Securities of any series which specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section 112), payment of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date or sinking fund payment date, or at the Stated Maturity or Maturity; provided that no interest shall accrue for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date, sinking fund payment date, Stated Maturity or Maturity, as the case may be.

        SECTION 113.    Agent for Service; Submission to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Immunities. By the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company (i) irrevocably designates and appoints [                        ] as its authorized agent upon which process may be served in any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Securities or this Indenture that may be instituted in any United States federal or New York state court in The City of New York or brought under federal or state securities laws or brought by the Trustee (whether in its individual capacity or in its capacity as Trustee hereunder) or, subject to Section 507, any Holder of Securities in any United States federal or New York state court in The Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, (ii) submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any such court in any such suit, action or proceeding, and (iii) agrees that service of process upon [                        ] with written notice of said service to the Company to be given in the manner provided in Section 105, shall be deemed in every respect effective service of process upon the Company in any such suit, action or proceeding. The Company further agrees to take any and all action, including the execution and filing of any and all such documents and instruments, as may be necessary to continue such designation and appointment of [                        ] in full force and effect so long as any of the Securities shall be Outstanding or any amounts shall be payable in respect of any Securities or coupons.

        The Company irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any such action, suit or proceeding in any such court or any appellate court with respect thereto and irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any such action, suit or proceeding in any such court.

        To the extent that the Company has or hereafter may acquire any immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from any legal process (whether through service of notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution, execution or otherwise) with respect to itself or its property, it hereby irrevocably waives such immunity in respect of its obligations under this Indenture and the Securities, to the extent permitted by law.

        SECTION 114.    Conversion of Currency. The Company covenants and agrees that the following provisions shall apply to conversion of Currency in the case of the Securities and this Indenture to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law:

        (a)   (i) If for the purposes of obtaining judgment in, or enforcing the judgment of, any court in any country, it becomes necessary to convert into a currency (the "Judgment Currency") an amount due or contingently due in any other currency under the Securities of any series and this Indenture (the "Required Currency"), then the conversion shall be made at the rate of exchange prevailing on the Business Day before the day on which the final judgment is given or the order of enforcement is made, as the case may be (unless a court shall otherwise determine).

        (ii)   If there is a change in the rate of exchange prevailing between the Business Day before the day on which the judgment referred to in (i) above is given or an order of enforcement is made, as the case may be (or such other date as a court shall determine), and the date of receipt of the amount due, the Company shall pay such additional (or, as the case may be, such lesser) amount, if any, as may be necessary so that the amount paid in the Judgment Currency when converted at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of receipt will produce the amount in the Required Currency originally due.

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        (b)   In the event of the winding-up of the Company at any time while any amount or damages owing under the Securities and this Indenture, or any judgment or order rendered in respect thereof, shall remain unpaid or outstanding, the Company shall indemnify and hold the Holders and the Trustee harmless against any deficiency arising or resulting from any variation in rates of exchange between (1) the date as of which the equivalent of the amount in the Required Currency (other than under this Subsection (b)) is calculated for the purposes of such winding-up and (2) the final date for the filing of proofs of claim in such winding-up. For the purpose of this Subsection (b) the final date for the filing of proofs of claim in the winding-up of the Company shall be the date fixed by the liquidator or otherwise in accordance with the relevant provisions of applicable law as being the latest practicable date as at which liabilities of the Company may be ascertained for such winding-up prior to payment by the liquidator or otherwise in respect thereto.

        (c)   The obligations contained in Subsections (a)(ii) and (b) of this Section 114 shall constitute separate and independent obligations of the Company from its other obligations under the Securities and this Indenture, shall give rise to separate and independent causes of action against the Company, shall apply irrespective of any waiver or extension granted by any Holder or Trustee from time to time and shall continue in full force and effect notwithstanding any judgment or order or the filing of any proof of claim in the winding-up of the Company for a liquidated sum in respect of amounts due hereunder (other than under Subsection (b) above) or under any such judgment or order. Any such deficiency as aforesaid shall be deemed to constitute a loss suffered by the Holders or the Trustee, as the case may be, and no proof or evidence of any actual loss shall be required by the Company or the applicable liquidator. In the case of Subsection (b) above, the amount of such deficiency shall not be deemed to be reduced by any variation in rates of exchange occurring between the said final date and the date of any liquidating distribution.

        (d)   The term "rate(s) of exchange" shall mean the Bank of Canada noon rate for purchases on the relevant date of the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency, as reported by Telerate on screen 3194 (or such other means of reporting the Bank of Canada noon rate as may be agreed upon by each of the parties to this Indenture) and includes any premiums and costs of exchange payable.

        (e)   The Trustee shall have no duty or liability with respect to monitoring or enforcing this Section 114.

        SECTION 115.    Currency Equivalent. Except as otherwise provided in this Indenture, for purposes of the construction of the terms of this Indenture or of the Securities, in the event that any amount is stated herein in the Currency of one nation (the "First Currency"), as of any date such amount shall also be deemed to represent the amount in the Currency of any other relevant nation (the "Other Currency") which is required to purchase such amount in the First Currency at the Bank of Canada noon rate as reported on the "Exchange Rates — Daily Noon Rates" page of the website of the Bank of Canada (or such other means of reporting the Bank of Canada noon rate as may be agreed upon by each of the parties to this Indenture) on the date of determination.

        SECTION 116.    No Recourse Against Others. No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture, or in any Security, or because of any indebtedness evidenced thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, as such, or against any past, present or future shareholder, officer or director, as such, of the Company or of any successor, either directly or through the Company or any successor, under any rule of law, statute or constitutional provision or by the enforcement of any assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding or otherwise, all such liability being expressly waived and released by the acceptance of the Securities by the Holders and as part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.

        SECTION 117.    Conflict with Trust Indenture Act. If and to the extent that any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision that is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by any of the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, such required or deemed provision shall control.

ARTICLE TWO

SECURITY FORMS

        SECTION 201.    Forms Generally. The Registered Securities, if any, of each series and the Bearer Securities, if any, of each series and related coupons, if any, shall be in substantially the forms as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted

12

by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers of the Company executing such Securities or coupons, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities or coupons. If the forms of Securities or coupons of any series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 303 for the authentication and delivery of such Securities or coupons. Any portion of the text of any Security may be set forth on the reverse thereof, with an appropriate reference thereto on the face of the Security. The Trustee's certificate of authentication on all Securities shall be in substantially the form set forth in Section 202.

        SECTION 202.    Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication. Subject to Section 611, the Trustee's certificate of authentication shall be in substantially the following form:

TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION

        Dated:                                                                          

        This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

[                        ], as Trustee

By                                                                          
        Authorized Officer

        SECTION 203.    Securities Issuable in Global Form. If Securities of or within a series are issuable in global form, as specified and contemplated by Section 301, then any such Security shall represent such of the Outstanding Securities of such series as shall be specified therein and may provide that it shall represent the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities of such series from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities of such series represented thereby may from time to time be increased or decreased to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of a Security in global form to reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby shall be made by the Trustee in the manner and upon instructions as provided in this Indenture. The Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any Security in global form in the manner and upon instructions as provided in this Indenture. If a Company Order pursuant to Section 303 or Section 304 has been or simultaneously is delivered, any instructions by the Company with respect to endorsement or delivery or redelivery of a Security in global form shall be in writing but need not comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel.

        Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 307, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on any Security in permanent global form shall be made to the Holder. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 309, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall treat as the Holder of such principal amount of Outstanding Securities represented by a permanent global Security (i) in the case of a permanent global Security in registered form, the Holder of such permanent global Security in registered form, or (ii) in the case of a permanent global Security in bearer form, Euroclear or Clearstream.

        A global Security may be in substantially the form attached as Exhibit A hereto or may be in any form established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto.

ARTICLE THREE

THE SECURITIES

        SECTION 301.    Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series. The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

        The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series, any or all of the following, as applicable (each of which, if so provided, may be determined from time to time by

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the Company with respect to unissued Securities of the series and set forth in such Securities of the series when issued from time to time):

        (1)   the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of such series from the Securities of all other series, except to the extent that additional Securities of an existing series are being issued);

        (2)   the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series and any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Sections 304, 305, 306, 806, 1007 or 1205) and, in the event that no limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series is specified, the Company shall have the right, subject to any terms, conditions or other provisions specified pursuant to this Section 301 with respect to the Securities of such series, to re-open such series for the issuance of additional Securities of such series from time to time;

        (3)   the date or dates, or the method by which such date or dates will be determined or extended, on which the principal of and premium, if any, on the Securities of the series is payable or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined or extended;

        (4)   the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or the method by which such rate or rates shall be determined, whether such interest shall be payable in cash or additional Securities of the same series or shall accrue and increase the aggregate principal amount outstanding of such series (including if such Securities were originally issued at a discount), the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on any Registered Security on any Interest Payment Date, or the method by which such date or dates shall be determined, and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other than on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;

        (5)   the place or places, if any, other than the Corporate Trust Office, where the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on Securities of the series shall be payable, where any Registered Securities of the series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of the series may be surrendered for exchange, where Securities of the series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, as applicable, and, if different than the location specified in Section 105, the place or places where notices or demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of the series and this Indenture may be served;

        (6)   the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the Currency in which, and other terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, if the Company is to have that option;

        (7)   the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, repay or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, amortization or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof, and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the Currency in which, and other terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, repaid or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

        (8)   if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denomination or denominations in which any Registered Securities of the series shall be issuable and, if other than denominations of $5,000, the denomination or denominations in which any Bearer Securities of the series shall be issuable;

        (9)   if other than the Trustee, the identity of each Security Registrar and/or Paying Agent;

        (10) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502 or the method by which such portion shall be determined;

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        (11) if other than Dollars, the Foreign Currency in which payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of the series shall be payable or in which the Securities of the series shall be denominated and the particular provisions applicable thereto in accordance with, in addition to or in lieu of any of the provisions of Section 312;

        (12) if the amount of payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method (which index, formula or method may be based, without limitation, on one or more Currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices), and the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

        (13) if the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of the series are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof, in a Currency other than that in which such Securities are denominated or stated to be payable, the period or periods within which (including the Election Date), and the terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made, and the time and manner of determining the exchange rate between the Currency in which such Securities are denominated or stated to be payable without such election and the Currency in which such Securities are to be so payable if such election is made, in each case in accordance with, in addition to or in lieu of any of the provisions of Section 312;

        (14) the designation of the initial Exchange Rate Agent, if any;

        (15) the applicability, if any, of Sections 1302 and/or 1303 to the Securities of the series and any provisions in modification of, in addition to or in lieu of any of the provisions of Article Thirteen that shall be applicable to the Securities of the series;

        (16) provisions, if any, granting special rights to the Holders of Securities of the series upon the occurrence of such events as may be specified;

        (17) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default (including any deletions from, modifications of or additions to Section 908, any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable, or any addition or change in the provisions set forth in Article Five) with respect to Securities of the series;

        (18) any deletions from, modifications or additions to the covenants set forth in Article Nine which applies to Securities of the series;

        (19) whether Securities of the series are to be issuable as Registered Securities, Bearer Securities (with or without coupons) or both, any restrictions applicable to the offer, sale or delivery of Securities of the series, whether any Securities of the series are to be issuable initially in temporary global form and whether any Securities of the series are to be issuable in permanent global form with or without coupons and, if so, whether beneficial owners of interests in any such permanent global Security may exchange such interests for Securities of such series and of like tenor of any authorized form and denomination and the circumstances under which any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner provided in Section 305, whether Registered Securities of the series may be exchanged for Bearer Securities of the series (if permitted by applicable laws and regulations), whether Bearer Securities of the series may be exchanged for Registered Securities of such series, and the circumstances under which and the place or places where any such exchanges may be made and if Securities of the series are to be issuable in global form, the identity of the Depositary therefor;

        (20) the date as of which any Bearer Securities of the series and any temporary global Security representing Outstanding Securities of the series shall be dated if other than the date of original issuance of the first Security of the series to be issued;

        (21) the Person to whom any interest on any Registered Security of the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, the manner in which, or the Person to whom, any interest on any Bearer Security of the series shall be payable, if otherwise than upon presentation and surrender of the coupons appertaining thereto as they severally mature, and the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary global Security on an Interest Payment Date will be paid if other than in the manner provided in Section 304;

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        (22) if Securities of the series are to be issuable in definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon exchange of a temporary Security of such series) only upon receipt of certain certificates or other documents or satisfaction of other conditions, the form and/or terms of such certificates, documents or conditions;

        (23) Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit if the Securities of the series are to be convertible into or exchangeable for any securities of any Person (including the Company), the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable;

        (24) whether and under what circumstances the Company will pay additional amounts to non-United States Holders in respect of any tax assessment or governmental charge;

        (25) any restriction or condition on the transferability of the Securities of such series;

        (26) any other terms, conditions, rights and preferences (or limitations on such rights and preferences) relating to the series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act, but may modify, amend, supplement or delete any of the terms of this Indenture with respect to such series).

        All Securities of any one series and the coupons appertaining to any Bearer Securities of such series shall be substantially identical except, in the case of Registered Securities, as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such Board Resolution (subject to Section 303) and set forth in such Officers' Certificate or in any such indenture supplemental hereto. Not all Securities of any one series need be issued at the same time, and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened for issuances of additional Securities of such series.

        If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions, such Board Resolutions shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers' Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.

        SECTION 302.    Denominations. The Securities of each series shall be issuable in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by Section 301. With respect to Securities of any series denominated in Dollars, in the absence of any such provisions, the Registered Securities of such series, other than Registered Securities issued in global form (which may be of any denomination), shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof and the Bearer Securities of such series, other than the Bearer Securities issued in global form (which may be of any denomination), shall be issuable in a denomination of $5,000.

        SECTION 303.    Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating. The Securities and any coupons appertaining thereto shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman, its Chief Executive Officer, its President or a Vice President together with any one of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer of the Company. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities or coupons may be the manual or facsimile signatures of the present or any future such authorized officer and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities.

        Securities or coupons bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities or coupons.

        At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series together with any coupons appertaining thereto, executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance with such Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities; provided, however, that, in connection with its original issuance, no Bearer Security shall be mailed or otherwise delivered to any location in the United States or Canada; provided further that, unless otherwise specified with respect to any series of Securities pursuant to Section 301, a Bearer Security may be delivered in connection with its original issuance only if the Person entitled to receive such Bearer Security shall have furnished a certificate in the form set forth in Exhibit B-1 to this Indenture, dated no earlier than 15 days prior

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to the earlier of the date on which such Bearer Security is delivered and the date on which any temporary Security first becomes exchangeable for such Bearer Security in accordance with the terms of such temporary Security and this Indenture. If not all the Securities of any series are to be issued at one time and if the Board Resolution or supplemental indenture establishing such series shall so permit, such Company Order may set forth procedures acceptable to the Trustee for the issuance of such Securities and determining terms of particular Securities of such series such as interest rate, stated maturity, date of issuance and date from which interest shall accrue.

        In authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to TIA Sections 315(a) through 315(d)) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion or Opinions of Counsel stating:

        (a)   that the form or forms of such Securities and any coupons have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

        (b)   that the terms of such Securities and any coupons have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

        (c)   that such Securities, together with any coupons appertaining thereto, when completed by appropriate insertions and executed and delivered by the Company to the Trustee for authentication in accordance with this Indenture, authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in accordance with this Indenture and in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization and other similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights, to general equitable principles and to such other qualifications as such counsel shall conclude do not materially affect the rights of Holders of such Securities and any coupons;

        (d)   that all laws and requirements in respect of the execution and delivery by the Company of such Securities, any coupons, and of the supplemental indentures, if any, have been complied with and that authentication and delivery of such Securities and any coupons and the execution and delivery of the supplemental indenture, if any, by the Trustee will not violate the terms of the Indenture;

        (e)   that the Company has the corporate power to issue such Securities and any coupons and has duly taken all necessary corporate action with respect to such issuance; and

        (f)    that the issuance of such Securities and any coupons will not contravene the articles of incorporation or amalgamation or by-laws of the Company, or result in any violation of any of the terms or provisions of any law or regulation.

        Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 301 and of the preceding two paragraphs, if not all the Securities of any series are to be issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers' Certificate otherwise required pursuant to Section 301 or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel otherwise required pursuant to the preceding two paragraphs prior to or at the time of issuance of each Security, but such documents shall be delivered prior to or at the time of issuance of the first Security of such series.

        The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate and deliver any such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

        Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its authentication and each Bearer Security shall be dated as of the date specified as contemplated by Section 301.

        No Security or coupon endorsed thereon shall entitle the Holder to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided in Section 202 duly executed by the Trustee by manual signature of an authorized officer, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder

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but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 310 together with a written statement (which need not comply with Section 102 and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel) stating that such Security has never been issued and sold by the Company, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never entitle the Holder to the benefits of this Indenture.

        SECTION 304.    Temporary Securities. Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon receipt of a Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive or global Securities in lieu of which they are issued, in registered form or, if authorized, in bearer form with one or more coupons or without coupons and in all cases with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers of the Company, executing such Securities may determine, as conclusively evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

        Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form (which shall be exchanged in accordance with the provisions of the following paragraphs), if temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities of any series (accompanied by any unmatured coupons appertaining thereto), the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor and evidencing the same indebtedness; provided, however, that no definitive Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary Registered Security; provided further that a definitive Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a temporary Bearer Security only in compliance with the conditions set forth in Section 303. Until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series.

        If temporary Securities of any series are issued in global form, any such temporary global Security shall, unless otherwise provided therein, be delivered to the London, England office of a Depositary or common depositary (the "Common Depositary"), for the benefit of Euroclear and Clearstream, for credit to the respective accounts of the beneficial owners of such Securities (or to such other accounts as they may direct).

        Without unnecessary delay, but in any event not later than the date specified in, or determined pursuant to the terms of, any such temporary global Security (the "Exchange Date"), the Company shall deliver to the Trustee definitive Securities, in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such temporary global Security and evidencing the same indebtedness, executed by the Company. On or after the Exchange Date, such temporary global Security shall be surrendered by the Common Depositary to the Trustee, as the Company's agent for such purpose, to be exchanged, in whole or from time to time in part, for definitive Securities without charge, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for each portion of such temporary global Security, an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor and evidencing the same indebtedness as the portion of such temporary global Security to be exchanged. The definitive Securities to be delivered in exchange for any such temporary global Security shall be in bearer form, registered form, permanent global bearer form or permanent global registered form, or any combination thereof, as specified as contemplated by Section 301, and, if any combination thereof is so specified, as requested by the beneficial owner thereof; provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified in such temporary global Security, upon such presentation by the Common Depositary, such temporary global Security is accompanied by a certificate dated the Exchange Date or a subsequent date and signed by Euroclear as to the portion of such temporary global Security held for its account then to be exchanged and a certificate dated the Exchange Date or a subsequent date and signed by Clearstream as to the portion of such temporary global Security held for its account then to be exchanged, each in the form set forth in Exhibit B-2 to this Indenture (or in such other form as may be established pursuant to Section 301); provided further that definitive Bearer Securities shall be delivered in exchange for a portion of a temporary global Security only in compliance with the requirements of Section 303.

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        Unless otherwise specified in such temporary global Security, the interest of a beneficial owner of Securities of a series in a temporary global Security shall be exchanged for definitive Securities of the same series and of like tenor and evidencing the same indebtedness following the Exchange Date when the account holder instructs Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, to request such exchange on his behalf and delivers to Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, a certificate in the form set forth in Exhibit B-1 to this Indenture (or in such other form as may be established pursuant to Section 301), dated no earlier than 15 days prior to the Exchange Date, copies of which certificate shall be available from the offices of Euroclear and Clearstream, the Trustee, any Authenticating Agent appointed for such series of Securities and each Paying Agent. Unless otherwise specified in such temporary global Security, any such exchange shall be made free of charge to the beneficial owners of such temporary global Security, except that a Person receiving definitive Securities must bear the cost of insurance, postage, transportation and the like in the event that such Person does not take delivery of such definitive Securities in person at the offices of Euroclear or Clearstream. Definitive Securities in bearer form to be delivered in exchange for any portion of a temporary global Security shall be delivered only outside the United States and Canada.

        Until exchanged in full as hereinabove provided, the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of the same series and of like tenor and evidencing the same indebtedness authenticated and delivered hereunder, except that, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, interest payable on a temporary global Security on an Interest Payment Date for Securities of such series occurring prior to the applicable Exchange Date shall be payable to Euroclear and Clearstream on such Interest Payment Date upon delivery by Euroclear and Clearstream to the Trustee of a certificate or certificates in the form set forth in Exhibit B-2 to this Indenture (or in such other form as may be established pursuant to Section 301), for credit without further interest thereon on or after such Interest Payment Date to the respective accounts of the Persons who are the beneficial owners of such temporary global Security on such Interest Payment Date and who have each delivered to Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, a certificate dated no earlier than 15 days prior to the Interest Payment Date occurring prior to such Exchange Date in the form set forth in Exhibit B-1 to this Indenture (or in such other form as may be established pursuant to Section 301). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein contained, the certifications made pursuant to this paragraph shall satisfy the certification requirements of the preceding two paragraphs of this Section 304 and of the third paragraph of Section 303 and the interests of the Persons who are the beneficial owners of the temporary global Security with respect to which such certification was made will be exchanged for definitive Securities of the same series and of like tenor and evidencing the same indebtedness on the Exchange Date or the date of certification if such date occurs after the Exchange Date, without further act or deed by such beneficial owners. Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, no payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest owing with respect to a beneficial interest in a temporary global Security will be made unless and until such interest in such temporary global Security shall have been exchanged for an interest in a definitive Security. Any interest so received by Euroclear and Clearstream and not paid as herein provided shall be returned to the Trustee no later than one month prior to the expiration of two years after such Interest Payment Date in order to be repaid to the Company in accordance with Section 1003.

        SECTION 305.    Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange. The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee a register for each series of Registered Securities (the registers maintained in the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee and in any other office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes collectively referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of Registered Securities and of transfers of Registered Securities. The Security Register shall be in written form or any other form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable time. At all reasonable times, the Security Register shall be open to inspection by the Trustee. The Trustee is hereby initially appointed as security registrar (the "Security Registrar") for the purpose of registering Registered Securities and transfers of Registered Securities as herein provided. The Company shall have the right to remove and replace from time to time the Security Registrar for any series of Securities; provided, however, that no such removal or replacement shall be effective until a successor Security Registrar with respect to such series of Registered Securities shall have been appointed by the Company and shall have accepted such appointment by the Company. In the event that the Trustee shall not be or shall cease to be the Security Registrar with respect to a series of Securities, it shall have

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the right to examine the Security Register for such series at all reasonable times. There shall be only one Security Register for each series of Securities.

        Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Registered Security of any series at the office or agency in a Place of Payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee, one or more replacement Registered Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor and evidencing the same indebtedness.

        At the option of the Holder, Registered Securities of any series may be exchanged for other replacement Registered Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor and evidencing the same indebtedness, upon surrender of the Registered Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Registered Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Registered Securities, which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. Unless otherwise specified with respect to any series of Securities as contemplated by Section 301, Bearer Securities may not be issued in exchange for Registered Securities.

        If (but only if) expressly permitted in or pursuant to the applicable Board Resolution and (subject to Section 303) set forth in the applicable Officers' Certificate, or in any indenture supplemental hereto, delivered as contemplated by Section 301, at the option of the Holder, Bearer Securities of any series may be exchanged for Registered Securities of the same series of any authorized denomination and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor, upon surrender of the Bearer Securities to be exchanged at any such office or agency, with all unmatured coupons and all matured coupons in default thereto appertaining. If the Holder of a Bearer Security is unable to produce any such unmatured coupon or coupons or matured coupon or coupons in default, any such permitted exchange may be effected if the Bearer Securities are accompanied by payment in funds acceptable to the Company in an amount equal to the face amount of such missing coupon or coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there is furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender to any Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which such a payment shall have been made, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount of such payment; provided, however, that interest represented by coupons shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of those coupons at an office or agency located outside the United States. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in case a Bearer Security of any series is surrendered at any such office or agency in a permitted exchange for a Registered Security of the same series and like tenor after the close of business at such office or agency on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the related proposed date for payment of Defaulted Interest, such Bearer Security shall be surrendered without the coupon relating to such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, and interest or Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of the Registered Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but will be payable only to the Holder of such coupon when due in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.

        Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.

        Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, any permanent global Security shall be exchangeable only as provided in this paragraph and the two following paragraphs. If any beneficial owner of an interest in a permanent global Security is entitled to exchange such interest for Securities of such series and of like tenor and principal amount of another authorized form and denomination, as specified as contemplated by Section 301 and provided that any applicable notice provided in the permanent global Security shall have been given, then without unnecessary delay but in any event not later than the earliest date on which such interest may be so exchanged, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee definitive Securities in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such beneficial owner's interest in such permanent global Security, executed by the Company. On or after the earliest date on which

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such interests may be so exchanged, such permanent global Security shall be surrendered by the Depositary for such permanent global Security to the Trustee, as the Company's agent for such purpose, to be exchanged, in whole or from time to time in part, for definitive Securities without charge, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for each portion of such permanent global Security, an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor and evidencing the same indebtedness as the portion of such permanent global Security to be exchanged which, unless the Securities of the series are not issuable both as Bearer Securities and as Registered Securities, as specified as contemplated by Section 301, shall be in the form of Bearer Securities or Registered Securities, or any combination thereof, as shall be specified by the beneficial owner thereof; provided, however, that no Bearer Security delivered in exchange for a portion of a permanent global Security shall be mailed or otherwise delivered to any location in the United States or Canada. If a Registered Security is issued in exchange for any portion of a permanent global Security after the close of business at the office or agency where such exchange occurs on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the relevant Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such office or agency on the related proposed date for payment of Defaulted Interest, then (in the case of clause (i)) interest or (in the case of clause (ii)) Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, will not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Registered Security, but will be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, only to the Person who was the Holder of such permanent global Security at the close of business on the relevant Regular Record Date or Special Record Date, as the case may be.

        If at any time the Depositary for Securities of a series notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for Securities of such series or if at any time the Depositary for global Securities for such series shall no longer be a clearing agency registered as such under the Exchange Act, the Company shall appoint a successor Depositary with respect to the Securities for such series. If a successor to the Depositary for Securities is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, the Company's election pursuant to Section 301 shall no longer be effective with respect to the Securities for such series and the Company will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver replacement Securities of such series in definitive registered form, in authorized denominations and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the global Security or Securities representing such series and evidencing the same indebtedness in exchange for such global Security or Securities. The provisions of the last sentence of the immediately preceding paragraph shall be applicable to any exchange pursuant to this paragraph.

        The Company may at any time and in its sole discretion determine that the Securities of any series issued in the form of one or more global Securities shall no longer be represented by such global Security or Securities. In such event, the Company will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of definitive Securities of such series, will authenticate and deliver replacement Securities of such series in definitive registered form, in authorized denominations and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the global Security or Securities representing such series and evidencing the same indebtedness in exchange for such global Security or Securities. The provisions of the last sentence of the second preceding paragraph shall be applicable to any exchange pursuant to this paragraph.

        Upon the exchange of a global Security for Securities in definitive registered form, such global Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee. Securities issued in exchange for a global Security pursuant to this Section 305 shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary for such global Security, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee in writing. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.

        All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

        Every Registered Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written

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instrument of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing.

        No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 304, 806, 1007 or 1205 not involving any transfer.

        The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the selection for redemption of Securities of that series under Section 1003 or 1103 and ending at the close of business on (A) if Securities of the series are issuable only as Registered Securities, the day of the mailing of the relevant notice of redemption and (B) if Securities of the series are issuable as Bearer Securities, the day of the first publication of the relevant notice of redemption or, (C) if Securities of the series are also issuable as Registered Securities and there is no publication, the mailing of the relevant notice of redemption; (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Registered Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part; (iii) to exchange any Bearer Security so selected for redemption except that such a Bearer Security may be exchanged for a Registered Security of that series and like tenor; provided that such Registered Security shall be simultaneously surrendered for redemption; or (iv) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security which has been surrendered for repayment at the option of the Holder, except the portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid.

        SECTION 306.    Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities. If any mutilated Security or a Security with a mutilated coupon appertaining to it is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a replacement Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and evidencing the same indebtedness, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if any, appertaining to the surrendered Security; provided, however, that any Bearer Security or any coupon shall be delivered only outside the United States and Canada; and provided further that all Bearer Securities shall be delivered and received in person.

        If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security or coupon and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security or coupon has been acquired by a protected purchaser (as defined in Article 8 of the UCC), the Company shall execute and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security or in exchange for the Security for which a destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains (with all appurtenant coupons not destroyed, lost or stolen), a replacement Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and evidencing the same indebtedness and, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if any, appertaining to such destroyed, lost or stolen Security or to the Security to which such destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains; provided, however, that any Bearer Security or any coupon shall be delivered only outside the United States and Canada.

        Notwithstanding the provisions of the previous two paragraphs, in case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or coupon has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a replacement Security, with coupons corresponding to the coupons, if any, appertaining to such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or to the Security to which such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains, pay such Security or coupon; provided, however, that payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on Bearer Securities shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States and Canada and, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, any interest on Bearer Securities shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the coupons appertaining thereto.

        Upon the issuance of any replacement Security under this Section 306, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

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        Every replacement Security of any series with its coupons, if any, issued pursuant to this Section 306 in lieu of any mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or in exchange for a Security to which a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon appertains, shall constitute a contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security and its coupons, if any, or the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen coupon shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series and their coupons, if any, duly issued hereunder.

        The provisions of this Section 306, as amended or supplemented pursuant to Section 301 of this Indenture with respect to particular series of Securities or generally, are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or coupons.

        SECTION 307.    Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest; Interest Rights Preserved; Optional Interest Reset.

        (a)   Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to any series of Securities, interest, if any, on any Registered Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose pursuant to Section 902; provided, however, that each installment of interest, if any, on any Registered Security may at the Company's option be paid by (i) mailing a check for such interest, payable to or upon the written order of the Person entitled thereto pursuant to Section 309, to the address of such Person as it appears on the Security Register or (ii) wire transfer to an account located in the United States maintained by the Person entitled to such payment as specified in the Security Register. Principal paid in relation to any Security at Maturity shall be paid to the Holder of such Security only upon presentation and surrender of such Security to any office or agency referred to in this Section 307(a).

        Unless otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to the Securities of any series, payment of interest, if any, may be made, in the case of a Bearer Security, by transfer to an account located outside the United States and Canada maintained by the payee, upon presentation and surrender of the coupons appertaining thereto.

        Any interest on any Registered Security of any series which is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such defaulted interest and, if applicable, interest on such defaulted interest (to the extent lawful) at the rate specified in the Securities of such series (such defaulted interest and, if applicable, interest thereon herein collectively called "Defaulted Interest") shall be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below:

        (1)   The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Registered Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Registered Security of such series and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 312(b), 312(d) and 312(e)) equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit on or prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted

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Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be given in the manner provided in 106, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so given, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose name the Registered Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2).

        (2)   The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Registered Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.

        (b)   The provisions of this Section 307(b) may be made applicable to any series of Securities pursuant to Section 301 (with such modifications, additions or substitutions as may be specified pursuant to such Section 301). The interest rate (or the spread or spread multiplier used to calculate such interest rate, if applicable) on any Security of such series may be reset by the Company on the date or dates specified on the face of such Security (each an "Optional Reset Date"). The Company may exercise such option with respect to such Security by notifying the Trustee of such exercise at least 50 but not more than 60 days prior to an Optional Reset Date for such Security, which notice shall specify the information to be included in the Reset Notice (as defined). Not later than 40 days prior to each Optional Reset Date, the Trustee shall transmit, in the manner provided for in Section 106, to the Holder of any such Security a notice (the "Reset Notice") indicating whether the Company has elected to reset the interest rate (or the spread or spread multiplier used to calculate such interest rate, if applicable), and if so (i) such new interest rate (or such new spread or spread multiplier, if applicable) and (ii) the provisions, if any, for redemption during the period from such Optional Reset Date to the next Optional Reset Date or if there is no such next Optional Reset Date, to the Stated Maturity of such Security (each such period a "Subsequent Interest Period"), including the date or dates on which or the period or periods during which and the price or prices at which such redemption may occur during the Subsequent Interest Period.

        Notwithstanding the foregoing, not later than 20 days prior to the Optional Reset Date, the Company may, at its option, revoke the interest rate (or the spread or spread multiplier used to calculate such interest rate, if applicable) provided for in the Reset Notice and establish an interest rate (or a spread or spread multiplier used to calculate such interest rate, if applicable) that is higher than the interest rate (or the spread or spread multiplier, if applicable) provided for in the Reset Notice, for the Subsequent Interest Period by causing the Trustee to transmit, in the manner provided for in Section 106, notice of such higher interest rate (or such higher spread or spread multiplier, if applicable) to the Holder of such Security. Such notice shall be irrevocable. All Securities with respect to which the interest rate (or the spread or spread multiplier used to calculate such interest rate, if applicable) is reset on an Optional Reset Date, and with respect to which the Holders of such Securities have not tendered such Securities for repayment (or have validly revoked any such tender) pursuant to the next succeeding paragraph, will bear such higher interest rate (or such higher spread or spread multiplier, if applicable).

        The Holder of any such Security will have the option to elect repayment by the Company of the principal of such Security on each Optional Reset Date at a price equal to the principal amount thereof plus interest accrued to such Optional Reset Date. In order to obtain repayment on an Optional Reset Date, the Holder must follow the procedures set forth in Article Twelve for repayment at the option of the Holder except that the period for delivery or notification to the Trustee shall be at least 25 but not more than 35 days prior to such Optional Reset Date and except that, if the Holder has tendered any Security for repayment pursuant to the Reset Notice, the Holder may, by written notice to the Trustee, revoke such tender or repayment until the close of business on the tenth day before such Optional Reset Date.

        (c)   Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section 307 and Section 305, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

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        SECTION 308.    Optional Extension of Stated Maturity. The provisions of this Section 308 may be made applicable to any series of Securities pursuant to Section 301 (with such modifications, additions or substitutions as may be specified pursuant to such Section 301). The Stated Maturity of any Security of such series may be extended at the option of the Company for the period or periods specified on the face of such Security (each an "Extension Period") up to but not beyond the date (the "Final Maturity") set forth on the face of such Security. The Company may exercise such option with respect to any Security by notifying the Trustee of such exercise at least 50 but not more than 60 days prior to the Stated Maturity of such Security in effect prior to the exercise of such option (the "Original Stated Maturity"). If the Company exercises such option, the Trustee shall transmit, in the manner provided for in Section 106, to the Holder of such Security not later than 40 days prior to the Original Stated Maturity a notice (the "Extension Notice") indicating (i) the election of the Company to extend the Stated Maturity, (ii) the new Stated Maturity, (iii) the interest rate, if any, applicable to the Extension Period and (iv) the provisions, if any, for redemption during such Extension Period. Upon the Trustee's transmittal of the Extension Notice, the Stated Maturity of such Security shall be extended automatically and, except as modified by the Extension Notice and as described in the next paragraph, such Security will have the same terms as prior to the transmittal of such Extension Notice.

        Notwithstanding the foregoing, not later than 20 days before the Original Stated Maturity of such Security, the Company may, at its option, revoke the interest rate provided for in the Extension Notice and establish a higher interest rate for the Extension Period by causing the Trustee to transmit, in the manner provided for in 106, notice of such higher interest rate to the Holder of such Security. Such notice shall be irrevocable. All Securities with respect to which the Stated Maturity is extended will bear such higher interest rate.

        If the Company extends the Maturity of any Security, the Holder will have the option to elect repayment of such Security by the Company on the Original Stated Maturity at a price equal to the principal amount thereof, plus interest accrued to such date. In order to obtain repayment on the Original Stated Maturity once the Company has extended the Maturity thereof, the Holder must follow the procedures set forth in Article Twelve for repayment at the option of Holders, except that the period for delivery or notification to the Trustee shall be at least 25 but not more than 35 days prior to the Original Stated Maturity and except that, if the Holder has tendered any Security for repayment pursuant to an Extension Notice, the Holder may by written notice to the Trustee revoke such tender for repayment until the close of business on the tenth day before the Original Stated Maturity.

        SECTION 309.    Persons Deemed Owners. Prior to due presentment of a Registered Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of any of the foregoing may treat the Person in whose name such Registered Security is registered as the owner of such Registered Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Sections 305 and 307) interest, if any, on such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of any of the foregoing shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

        Title to any Bearer Security and any coupons appertaining thereto shall pass by delivery. The Company, the Trustee and any agent of any of the foregoing may treat the bearer of any Bearer Security and the bearer of any coupon as the absolute owner of such Security or coupon for the purpose of receiving payment thereof or on account thereof and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security or coupons be overdue, and the Company, the Trustee or any agent of any of the foregoing shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

        None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Security in global form or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

        Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any global Security, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee, or any agent of any of the foregoing from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by any Depositary, as Holder of such global Security, or impair, as between such Depositary and owners of beneficial interests in such global Security, the operation of customary practices governing the exercise of the rights of such Depositary (or its nominee) as Holder of such global Security.

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        SECTION 310.    Cancellation. All Securities and coupons surrendered for payment, redemption, repayment at the option of the Holder, registration of transfer or exchange or for credit against any current or future sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee. All Securities and coupons so delivered to the Trustee shall be promptly cancelled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company has not issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Trustee. If the Company shall so acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities cancelled as provided in this Section 310, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All cancelled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of by the Trustee in accordance with its customary procedures and certification of their disposal delivered to the Company unless by Company Order the Company shall direct that cancelled Securities be returned to it.

        SECTION 311.    Computation of Interest.

        (a)   Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to any Securities, interest, if any, on the Securities of each series shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. For the purposes of disclosure under the Interest Act (Canada), the yearly rate of interest to which interest calculated under a Security for any period in any calendar year (the "calculation period") is equivalent, is the rate payable under a Security in respect of the calculation period multiplied by a fraction the numerator of which is the actual number of days in such calendar year and the denominator of which is the actual number of days in the calculation period.

        (b)   If for any reason the interest rates and other charges or amounts payable under this Indenture or on a Security are found to exceed the limit allowed under applicable law, as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, the obligation to pay any such interest, other charges or amounts shall automatically be reduced to such limit and any amounts paid in excess of such limit shall be refunded. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in no event will the aggregate "interest" (as defined in Section 347 of the Criminal Code (Canada)) payable under this Indenture or on a Security exceed the maximum effective annual rate of interest on the "credit advanced" (as defined in that Section 347) permitted under that Section and, if any payment, collection or demand pursuant to this Indenture or a Security in respect of such "interest" (as defined in that Section 347) is determined to be contrary to the provisions of that Section 347, such payment, collection or demand to the extent it exceeds the amount permitted by the highest lawful rate permitted by applicable law (the "Excess") will be deemed to have been made by mutual mistake of the Company, Trustee and the Holder and the amount of such Excess payment or collection will be refunded.

        SECTION 312.    Currency and Manner of Payments in Respect of Securities.

        (a)   With respect to Registered Securities of any series not permitting the election provided for in paragraph (b) below or the Holders of which have not made the election provided for in paragraph (b) below, and with respect to Bearer Securities of any series, except as provided in paragraph (d) below, payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on any Registered or Bearer Security of such series will be made in the Currency in which such Registered Security or Bearer Security, as the case may be, is denominated or stated to be payable. The provisions of this Section 312 may be modified or superseded with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301.

        (b)   It may be provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to Registered Securities of any series that Holders shall have the option, subject to paragraphs (d) and (e) below, to receive payments of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on such Registered Securities in any of the Currencies which may be designated for such election by delivering to the Trustee a written election with signature guarantees and in the applicable form established pursuant to Section 301, not later than the close of business on the Election Date immediately preceding the applicable payment date. If a Holder so elects to receive such payments in any such Currency, such election will remain in effect for such Holder or any transferee of such Holder until changed by such Holder or such transferee by written notice to the Trustee (but any such change must be made not later

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than the close of business on the Election Date immediately preceding the next payment date to be effective for the payment to be made on such payment date and no such change of election may be made with respect to payments to be made on any Registered Security of such series with respect to which an Event of Default has occurred or with respect to which the Company has deposited funds pursuant to Article Four or Thirteen or with respect to which a notice of redemption has been given by the Company or a notice of option to elect repayment has been sent by such Holder or such transferee). Any Holder of any such Registered Security who shall not have delivered any such election to the Trustee not later than the close of business on the applicable Election Date will be paid the amount due on the applicable payment date in the relevant Currency as provided in Section 312(a). The Trustee shall notify the Exchange Rate Agent as soon as practicable after the Election Date of the aggregate principal amount of Registered Securities for which Holders have made such written election.

        (c)   Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301, if the election referred to in paragraph (b) above has been provided for pursuant to Section 301, then, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301, not later than the fourth Business Day after the Election Date for each payment date for Registered Securities of any series, the Exchange Rate Agent will deliver to the Company a written notice specifying, in the Currency in which Registered Securities of such series are payable, the respective aggregate amounts of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Registered Securities to be paid on such payment date, specifying the amounts in such Currency so payable in respect of the Registered Securities as to which the Holders of Registered Securities of such series shall have elected to be paid in another Currency as provided in paragraph (b) above. If the election referred to in paragraph (b) above has been provided for pursuant to Section 301 and if at least one Holder has made such election, then, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301, on the second Business Day preceding such payment date the Company will deliver to the Trustee for such series of Registered Securities an Exchange Rate Officer's Certificate in respect of the Dollar or Foreign Currency payments to be made on such payment date. Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301, the Dollar or Foreign Currency amount receivable by Holders of Registered Securities who have elected payment in a Currency as provided in paragraph (b) above shall be determined by the Company on the basis of the applicable Market Exchange Rate in effect on the third Business Day (the "Valuation Date") immediately preceding each payment date, and such determination shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error.

        (d)   If a Conversion Event occurs with respect to a Foreign Currency in which any of the Securities are denominated or payable other than pursuant to an election provided for pursuant to paragraph (b) above, then with respect to each date for the payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the applicable Securities denominated or payable in such Foreign Currency occurring after the last date on which such Foreign Currency was used (the "Conversion Date"), the Dollar shall be the Currency of payment for use on each such payment date. Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301, the Dollar amount to be paid by the Company to the Trustee and by the Trustee or any Paying Agent to the Holders of such Securities with respect to such payment date shall be, in the case of a Foreign Currency other than a currency unit, the Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency or, in the case of a currency unit, the Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit, in each case as determined by the Exchange Rate Agent in the manner provided in paragraph (f) or (g) below.

        (e)   Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301, if the Holder of a Registered Security denominated in any Currency shall have elected to be paid in another Currency as provided in paragraph (b) above, and a Conversion Event occurs with respect to such elected Currency, such Holder shall receive payment in the Currency in which payment would have been made in the absence of such election; and if a Conversion Event occurs with respect to the Currency in which payment would have been made in the absence of such election, such Holder shall receive payment in Dollars as provided in paragraph (d) above.

        (f)    The "Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency" shall be determined by the Exchange Rate Agent and shall be obtained for each subsequent payment date by converting the specified Foreign Currency into Dollars at the Market Exchange Rate on the Conversion Date.

        (g)   The "Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit" shall be determined by the Exchange Rate Agent and subject to the provisions of paragraph (h) below shall be the sum of each amount obtained by converting the

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Specified Amount of each Component Currency into Dollars at the Market Exchange Rate for such Component Currency on the Valuation Date with respect to each payment.

        (h)   For purposes of this Section 312 the following terms shall have the following meanings:

          A "Component Currency" shall mean any Currency which, on the Conversion Date, was a component currency of the relevant currency unit, including, but not limited to, the Euro.

          A "Specified Amount" of a Component Currency shall mean the number of units of such Component Currency or fractions thereof which were represented in the relevant currency unit, including, but not limited to, the Euro, on the Conversion Date. If after the Conversion Date the official unit of any Component Currency is altered by way of combination or subdivision, the Specified Amount of such Component Currency shall be divided or multiplied in the same proportion. If after the Conversion Date two or more Component Currencies are consolidated into a single currency, the respective Specified Amounts of such Component Currencies shall be replaced by an amount in such single Currency equal to the sum of the respective Specified Amounts of such consolidated Component Currencies expressed in such single Currency, and such amount shall thereafter be a Specified Amount and such single Currency shall thereafter be a Component Currency. If after the Conversion Date any Component Currency shall be divided into two or more currencies, the Specified Amount of such Component Currency shall be replaced by amounts of such two or more currencies, having an aggregate Dollar Equivalent value at the Market Exchange Rate on the date of such replacement equal to the Dollar Equivalent value of the Specified Amount of such former Component Currency at the Market Exchange Rate immediately before such division and such amounts shall thereafter be Specified Amounts and such currencies shall thereafter be Component Currencies. If, after the Conversion Date of the relevant currency unit, including, but not limited to, the Euro, a Conversion Event (other than any event referred to above in this definition of "Specified Amount") occurs with respect to any Component Currency of such currency unit and is continuing on the applicable Valuation Date, the Specified Amount of such Component Currency shall, for purposes of calculating the Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit, be converted into Dollars at the Market Exchange Rate in effect on the Conversion Date of such Component Currency.

          "Election Date" shall mean the date for any series of Registered Securities as specified pursuant to clause (13) of Section 301 by which the written election referred to in paragraph (b) above may be made.

        All decisions and determinations of the Exchange Rate Agent regarding the Dollar Equivalent of the Foreign Currency, the Dollar Equivalent of the Currency Unit, the Market Exchange Rate and changes in the Specified Amounts as specified above shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company, the Trustee and all Holders of such Securities denominated or payable in the relevant Currency. The Exchange Rate Agent shall promptly give written notice to the Company and the Trustee of any such decision or determination.

        In the event that the Company determines in good faith that a Conversion Event has occurred with respect to a Foreign Currency, the Company will immediately give written notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Exchange Rate Agent (and the Trustee will promptly thereafter give notice in the manner provided for in Section 106 to the affected Holders) specifying the Conversion Date. In the event the Company so determines that a Conversion Event has occurred with respect to the Euro or any other currency unit in which Securities are denominated or payable, the Company will immediately give written notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Exchange Rate Agent (and the Trustee will promptly thereafter give notice in the manner provided for in Section 106 to the affected Holders) specifying the Conversion Date and the Specified Amount of each Component Currency on the Conversion Date. In the event the Company determines in good faith that any subsequent change in any Component Currency as set forth in the definition of Specified Amount above has occurred, the Company will similarly give written notice to the Trustee and the Exchange Rate Agent.

        The Trustee shall be fully justified and protected in relying and acting upon information received by it from the Company and the Exchange Rate Agent pursuant to this Section 312 and shall not otherwise have any duty

28

or obligation to determine the accuracy or validity of such information independent of the Company or the Exchange Rate Agent.

        SECTION 313.    Appointment and Resignation of Successor Exchange Rate Agent.

        (a)   Unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301, if and so long as the Securities of any series (i) are denominated in a Currency other than Dollars or (ii) may be payable in a Currency other than Dollars, or so long as it is required under any other provision of this Indenture, then the Company will maintain with respect to each such series of Securities, or as so required, at least one Exchange Rate Agent. The Company will cause the Exchange Rate Agent to make the necessary foreign exchange determinations at the time and in the manner specified pursuant to Section 301 for the purpose of determining the applicable rate of exchange and, if applicable, for the purpose of converting the issued Currency into the applicable payment Currency for the payment of principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, pursuant to Section 312.

        (b)   The Company shall have the right to remove and replace from time to time the Exchange Rate Agent for any series of Securities. No resignation of the Exchange Rate Agent and no appointment of a successor Exchange Rate Agent pursuant to this Section 313 shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Exchange Rate Agent as evidenced by a written instrument delivered to the Company and the Trustee.

        (c)   If the Exchange Rate Agent shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of the Exchange Rate Agent for any cause with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Exchange Rate Agent or Exchange Rate Agents with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Exchange Rate Agent may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301, at any time there shall only be one Exchange Rate Agent with respect to a series of Securities that are initially denominated and/or payable in the same Currency).

ARTICLE FOUR

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

        SECTION 401.    Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect with respect to any series of Securities specified in such Company Request (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities of such series expressly provided for herein or pursuant hereto, and the rights of Holders of such series of Securities and any related coupons to receive, solely from the trust fund described in subclause (B) of clause (1) of this Section 401, payments in respect of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities and any related coupons when such payments are due and except as provided in the last paragraph of this Section 401) and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series when

(1)

either

        (A)  all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and delivered and all coupons, if any, appertaining thereto (other than (i) coupons appertaining to Bearer Securities surrendered for exchange for Registered Securities and maturing after such exchange, whose surrender is not required or has been waived as provided in Section 305, (ii) Securities and coupons of such series which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 306, (iii) coupons appertaining to Securities called for redemption and maturing after the relevant Redemption Date, whose surrender has been waived as provided in Section 1006, and (iv) Securities and coupons of such series for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust with the Trustee or any Paying Agent or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company, as provided in Section 903) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

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        (B)  all Securities of such series and, in the case of (i) or (ii) below, any coupons appertaining thereto not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation

        (i)    have become due and payable, or

        (ii)   will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or

        (iii)  if redeemable at the option of the Company, are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose an amount in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable, sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be;

        (2)   the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company, and

        (3)   the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been complied with.

        Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the provisions of Section 905, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 606, the obligations of the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent under Section 611 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of clause (1) of this Section 401, the provisions of Sections 113, 114, 304, 305, 306, 902 and 903 (and any applicable provisions of Article Ten) and the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 shall survive such satisfaction and discharge and remain in full force and effect.

        SECTION 402.    Application of Trust Money. Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 903, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities, the coupons and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee; but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

ARTICLE FIVE

REMEDIES

        SECTION 501.    Events of Default. "Event of Default," wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body), unless such event is specifically deleted or modified in or pursuant to a supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate establishing the terms of such series pursuant to Section 301 of this Indenture:

        (1)   default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security of that series at its Maturity (otherwise than pursuant to a sinking fund); or

        (2)   default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that series, or any related coupon, when such interest or coupon becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

        (3)   default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment on any Security of that series, when the same becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

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        (4)   default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or agreement of the Company in this Indenture in respect of the Securities of that series (other than a default in the performance or breach of a covenant or agreement which is specifically dealt with elsewhere in this Section 501), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given (and 120 days with respect to a default or breach under Section 703), by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding, a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

        (5)   the Company pursuant to or under or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:

        (i)    commences a proceeding or makes an application seeking a Bankruptcy Order;

        (ii)   consents to the making of a Bankruptcy Order or the institution of any proceeding seeking the making of a Bankruptcy Order against it;

        (iii)  consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or any material part of its property;

        (iv)  makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors;

        (v)   files an assignment in bankruptcy; or

        (vi)  consents to the filing of an assignment in bankruptcy or the appointment of or taking possession by a Custodian;

        (6)   a court of competent jurisdiction in any involuntary case or proceeding makes a Bankruptcy Order against the Company, and such Bankruptcy Order remains unstayed and in effect for 90 consecutive days; or

        (7)   a Custodian shall be appointed out of court with respect to the Company, or with respect to all or any material part of the property of the Company and such appointment shall not have been vacated, discharged, or stayed or bonded pending appeal within 90 days, or any encumbrancer shall take possession of all or any material part of the property of the Company and such possession shall not have reverted to the Company, as applicable, within 90 days; or

        (8)   any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that series.

        "Bankruptcy Law" means the Federal Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada), Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada), Winding-Up & Restructuring Act (Canada), or any other Canadian federal or provincial law or any similar law of any other jurisdiction relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, winding-up, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or relief of debtors.

        "Custodian" means receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator, provisional liquidator, liquidator, rehabilitator, administrator, controller, business rescue practitioner or similar officer with like powers.

        "Bankruptcy Order" means any court order made in a proceeding pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law, containing an adjudication of bankruptcy or insolvency, or providing for liquidation, winding-up, dissolution or reorganization, or appointing a Custodian of a debtor or of all or any material part of a debtor's property, or providing for the staying, arrangement, adjustment or compromise of indebtedness or other relief of a debtor.

        SECTION 502.    Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. Except as otherwise provided pursuant to Section 301 with respect to a series of Securities, if an Event of Default described in clause (1), (2), (3), (4) or (8) of Section 501 with respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal amount (or, if the Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) of all of the Outstanding Securities of that series and any accrued but unpaid interest thereon to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified portion thereof) and any accrued but unpaid interest thereon shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default described in

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clause (5), (6) or (7) of Section 501 occurs and is continuing, then in every such the principal amount of all of the Securities of that series then outstanding shall automatically, and without any declaration or any other action on the part of the Trustee or the Holders, become due and payable immediately.

        At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to Securities of any series has been made, and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter provided in this Article Five, the Event of Default giving rise to such declaration of acceleration shall, without further act, be deemed to have been waived, and such declaration and its consequences shall, without further act, be deemed to have been rescinded and annulled, if:

        (1)   the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 312(b), 312(d) and 312(e)),

        (A)  all overdue interest, if any, on all Outstanding Securities of that series and any related coupons,

        (B)  all unpaid principal of (and premium, if any, on) all Outstanding Securities of that series which has become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration, and interest on such unpaid principal at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,

        (C)  to the extent lawful, interest on overdue interest, if any, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and

        (D)  all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel; and

        (2)   all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series, other than the non-payment of amounts of principal of or interest on Securities of that series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 513.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

        SECTION 503.    Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. The Company covenants that if:

        (1)   default is made in the payment of any installment of interest on any Security and any related coupon when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days,

        (2)   default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof (other than pursuant to the sinking fund), or

        (3)   default is made in the payment of any sinking fund payment on any Security when such becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days,

then the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities and coupons, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities and coupons for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, and interest on any overdue principal (and premium, if any) and to the extent lawful on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

        If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.

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        If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

        SECTION 504.    Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal, premium, if any, or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,

        (i)    to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal (and premium, if any), or such portion of the principal amount of any series of Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities as may be specified in the terms of such series, and interest, if any, owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and

        (ii)   to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 606.

        Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

        SECTION 505.    Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture, the Securities or coupons may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or coupons or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities and coupons in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

        SECTION 506.    Application of Money Collected. Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article Five shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, upon presentation of the Securities or coupons, or both, as the case may be, and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

        First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 606;

        Second: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Securities and coupons in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities and coupons for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, respectively; and

        Third: The balance, if any, to the Person or Persons entitled thereto.

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        SECTION 507.    Limitation on Suits. No Holder of any Security of any series or any related coupons shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture or the Securities, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless

        (1)   such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that series;

        (2)   the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

        (3)   such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

        (4)   the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

        (5)   no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority or more in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of the Holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any manner whatever by his, her, its or their action to enforce any right hereunder, except on the manner herein provided, and that every action, suit or proceeding at law or in equity shall be instituted, had and maintained in the manner herein provided and for the equal benefit of all Holders of the Outstanding Securities of such series; provided, however, that nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities of such series shall affect or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities of such series to the respective Holders of such Securities at the respective due dates in such Securities stated, or affect or impair the right, which is also absolute and unconditional, of such Holders to institute suit to enforce the payment thereof.

        SECTION 508.    Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment, as provided herein (including, if applicable, Article Thirteen) and in such Security of the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Section 307) interest, if any, on, such Security or payment of such coupon on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security or coupon (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment at the option of the Holder as contemplated by Article Twelve, on the Repayment Date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

        SECTION 509.    Restoration of Rights and Remedies. If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of Securities and coupons shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

        SECTION 510.    Rights and Remedies Cumulative. Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or coupons in the last paragraph of Section 306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities or coupons is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

        SECTION 511.    Delay or Omission Not Waiver. No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security or coupon to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such

34

right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article Five or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.

        SECTION 512.    Control by Holders. The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series, provided in each case

        (1)   such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,

        (2)   the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and

        (3)   the Trustee need not take any action which might expose the Trustee to personal liability or be unduly prejudicial to the Holders of Outstanding Securities not joining therein.

        SECTION 513.    Waiver of Past Defaults. Subject to Section 502, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Outstanding Securities of such series waive any such past Default, and its consequences, except a Default

        (1)   in respect of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Security or any related coupon, or

        (2)   in respect of a covenant or provision which under Article Eight cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such affected series.

        Upon any such waiver, any such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

        SECTION 514.    Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws. The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

        SECTION 515.    Undertaking for Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by its acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of any undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section 515 shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security on or after the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment at the option of Holders as contemplated by Article Twelve, on or after the applicable Repayment Date).

ARTICLE SIX

THE TRUSTEE

        SECTION 601.    Notice of Defaults. Within 90 days after the occurrence of any Default hereunder with respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall transmit in the manner and to the extent provided in TIA Section 313(c), notice of such default hereunder known to the Trustee, unless such Default shall have been cured

35

or waived; provided, however, that, except in the case of a Default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Security of such series or in the payment of any sinking fund installment with respect to Securities of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Holders of Securities of such series and any related coupons; and provided further that in the case of any Default of the character specified in Section 501(4) or (8) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof.

        SECTION 602.    Certain Rights of Trustee. Subject to the provisions of TIA Sections 315(a) through 315(d):

        (1)   the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

        (2)   any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

        (3)   whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers' Certificate;

        (4)   the Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

        (5)   except during a default, the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities of any series or any related coupons pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction;

        (6)   the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;

        (7)   the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder; and

        (8)   the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture.

        The Trustee shall not be required to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

        SECTION 603.    Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except for the Trustee's certificates of authentication, and in any coupons shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any

36

responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities or coupons, except that the Trustee represents that it is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture, authenticate the Securities and perform its obligations hereunder and that the statements made by it in any Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 supplied to the Company are true and accurate, subject to the qualifications set forth therein. Neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

        SECTION 604.    May Hold Securities. The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any other agent of the Company or of the Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and coupons and, subject to TIA Sections 310(b) and 311, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such other agent.

        SECTION 605.    Money Held in Trust. Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Company.

        SECTION 606.    Compensation and Reimbursement. The Company agrees:

        (1)   to pay to the Trustee from time to time such reasonable compensation as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree in writing, for all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust);

        (2)   except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and

        (3)   to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on its part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder.

        The obligations of the Company under this Section 606 to compensate the Trustee, to pay or reimburse the Trustee for expenses, disbursements and advances and to indemnify and hold harmless the Trustee shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder and shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. As security for the performance of such obligations of the Company, the Trustee shall have a claim prior to the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on particular Securities or any coupons.

        When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section 501(5), (6) or (7), the expenses (including reasonable charges and expense of its counsel) of and the compensation for such services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law.

        The provisions of this Section 606 shall survive the termination of this Indenture.

        SECTION 607.    Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility; Conflicting Interests. The Trustee shall comply with the terms of Section 310(b) of the TIA. There shall be at all times a Trustee hereunder which shall be eligible to act as Trustee under TIA Section 310(a)(1) and shall have a combined capital and surplus (together with that of its parent, if applicable) of at least $50,000,000. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of Federal, State, territorial or District of Columbia supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section 607, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of

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this Section 607, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article Six.

        SECTION 608.    Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

        (a)   No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article Six shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 609.

        (b)   The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 609 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

        (c)   The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the Company.

        (d)   If at any time:

        (1)   the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of TIA Section 310(b) after written request therefor by either the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

        (2)   the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 607 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by either the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

        (3)   the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation,

then, in any such case, (i) either the Company, by a Board Resolution, may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities or the Securities of such series, or (ii) subject to TIA Section 315(e), any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities of such series and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

        (e)   If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series). If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner hereinafter provided, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.

        (f)    The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to the Holders of Securities of such series in the manner provided for in Section 106. Each notice shall include

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the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

        SECTION 609.    Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.

        (a)   In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

        (b)   In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates. Whenever there is a successor Trustee with respect to one or more (but less than all) series of securities issued pursuant to this Indenture, the terms "Indenture" and "Securities" shall have the meanings specified in the provisos to the respective definitions of those terms in Section 101 which contemplate such situation.

        (c)   Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (b) or (c) of this Section 609, as the case may be.

        (d)   No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article Six.

        SECTION 610.    Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article Six, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities. In case any of the Securities shall not have been authenticated by such predecessor Trustee, any successor Trustee may

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authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor hereunder or in the name of the successor Trustee. In all such cases such certificates shall have the full force and effect which this Indenture provides for the certificate of authentication of the Trustee; provided, however, that the right to adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor Trustee or to authenticate Securities in the name of any predecessor Trustee shall apply only to its successor or successors by merger, conversion or consolidation.

        SECTION 611.    Appointment of Authenticating Agent. At any time when any of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series and the Trustee shall give written notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve, in the manner provided for in Section 106. Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Any such appointment shall be evidenced by an instrument in writing signed by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, and a copy of such instrument shall be promptly furnished to the Company. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent, having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section 611, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section 611, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section 611.

        Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section 611, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

        An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section 611, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give written notice of such appointment to all Holders of Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve, in the manner provided for in Section 106. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section 611.

        The Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section 611, and the Trustee shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions of Section 606.

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        If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to this Section 611, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in addition to the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in the following form:

        Dated:                                                                          

        This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

[                        ], as Trustee

By                                                                          
as Authenticating Agent

By                                                                          
Authorized Officer

ARTICLE SEVEN

HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND THE COMPANY

        SECTION 701.    Disclosure of Names and Addresses of Holders. Every Holder of Securities or coupons, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that none of the Company or the Trustee or any agent of any of them shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of the Holders in accordance with TIA Section 312, regardless of the source from which such information was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under TIA Section 312(b).

        SECTION 702.    Reports by Trustee.

        (a)   Within 60 days after May 15 of each year commencing with the first May 15 after the first issuance of Securities pursuant to this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit a brief report by mail to the Holders of Securities, in accordance with and to the extent required by Section 313 of the TIA.

        (b)   A copy of each such report at the time of its mailing to Holders shall be filed with the Commission and each stock exchange on which Debt Securities of any series are listed.

        SECTION 703.    Reports by the Company. The Company shall:

        (1)   file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company files the same with the Commission (but in no event later than 50 days after the Company is required to make such filing with the Commission), copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents, and other reports that the Company may be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act or pursuant to Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act. Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee's receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company's compliance with any covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers' Certificates); and

        (2)   transmit to all Holders, in the manner and to the extent provided in and required by TIA Section 313(c), within 30 days after the filing thereof with the Trustee, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Section 703 as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission.

        (3)   If at any time the Securities are guaranteed by a direct or indirect parent of the Company, and such parent has furnished the reports required by this Section 703 with respect to parent as required by this Section 703 as if parent were the Company (including any financial information required hereby), the Company shall be deemed to be in compliance with this Section 703.

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        SECTION 704.    The Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders. The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:

        (1)   semi-annually, not later than 15 days after the Regular Record Date for interest for each series of Securities, a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Registered Securities of such series as of such Regular Record Date, or if there is no Regular Record Date for interest for such series of Securities, semi-annually, upon such dates as are set forth in the Board Resolution, Officers' Certificate or indenture supplemental hereto authorizing such series, and

        (2)   at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished,

provided, however, that so long as the Trustee is the Security Registrar, no such list shall be required to be furnished.

ARTICLE EIGHT

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

        SECTION 801.    Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders. Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

        (1)   to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, or successive successions, and the assumption by such successor of the covenants and obligations of the Company contained in the Securities of one or more series and in this Indenture or any supplemental indenture;

        (2)   to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities and any related coupons (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; or

        (3)   to add any additional Events of Default (and if such Events of Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such Events of Default are being included solely for the benefit of such series); or

        (4)   to delete or modify any Events of Default with respect to all or any series of the Securities, the form and terms of which are being established pursuant to such supplemental indenture as permitted in Section 301 (and if such Events of Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such Events of Default are being included solely for the benefit of such series, and to specify the rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders of such Securities in connection therewith;

        (5)   to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to provide that Bearer Securities may be registrable as to principal, to change or eliminate any restrictions on the payment of principal of or any premium or interest on Bearer Securities, to permit Bearer Securities to be issued in exchange for Registered Securities, to permit Bearer Securities to be issued in exchange for Bearer Securities of other authorized denominations or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form, in each case to the extent then permitted under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the U.S. Treasury Regulations thereunder; provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series or any related coupons in any material respect; or

        (6)   to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture; provided that any such change or elimination shall become effective only when there is no Security Outstanding of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture which is entitled to the benefit of such provision; or

        (7)   to secure the Securities; or

        (8)   to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by Sections 201 and 301; or

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        (9)   to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 609; or

        (10) to close this Indenture with respect to the authentication and delivery of additional series of Securities; or

        (11) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision contained herein or in any indenture supplemental hereto which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in any supplemental indenture or to conform the terms hereof, as amended and supplemented, that are applicable to the Securities of any series to the description of the terms of such Securities in the offering memorandum, prospectus supplement or other offering document applicable to such Securities at the time of initial sale thereof; or

        (12) to make any change in any series of Securities that does not adversely affect in any material respect the rights of the Holders of such Securities; or

        (13) to add to or change or eliminate any provision of this Indenture as shall be necessary or desirable in accordance with any amendments to the Trust Indenture Act; or

        (14) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Sections 401, 1302 or 1303; provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such series and any related coupons or any other series of Securities in any material respect.

        SECTION 802.    Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders. With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities of all series affected by such supplemental indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture which affect such series of Securities or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series,

        (1)   change the Stated Maturity of the principal of (or premium, if any) or any installment of interest on any Security of such series, or reduce the principal amount thereof (or premium, if any) or the rate of interest, if any, thereon, or the Redemption Price thereof or any amount payable upon repayment thereof at the option of the Holder, reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security of such series that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502 or the amount thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section 504, or adversely affect any right of repayment at the option of any Holder of any Security of such series, or change any Place of Payment where, or the Currency in which, any Security of such series or any premium or interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption or repayment at the option of the Holder, on or after the Redemption Date or Repayment Date, as the case may be), or adversely affect any right to convert or exchange any Security as may be provided pursuant to Section 301 herein, or

        (2)   reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series required for any such supplemental indenture, for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture which affect such series or certain defaults applicable to such series hereunder and their consequences provided for in Section 513 or Section 908 of this Indenture, or reduce the requirements of Section 1404 for quorum or voting with respect to Securities of such series, or

        (3)   modify any of the provisions of this Section 802, Section 513 or Section 908, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture which affect such series cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series.

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        Any such supplemental indenture adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture, or modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series, shall not affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

        It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section 802 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

        SECTION 803.    Execution of Supplemental Indentures. In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article Eight or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

        SECTION 804.    Effect of Supplemental Indentures. Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article Eight, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.

        SECTION 805.    Conformity with Trust Indenture Act. Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article Eight shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

        SECTION 806.    Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures. Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article Eight may, and shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

        SECTION 807.    Notice of Supplemental Indentures. Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of Section 802, the Company shall give notice thereof to the Holders of each Outstanding Security affected, in the manner provided for in Section 106, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture.

ARTICLE NINE

COVENANTS

        SECTION 901.    Payment of Principal, Premium, if any, and Interest. The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each series of Securities and any related coupons that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of the Securities, any coupons appertaining thereto and this Indenture. Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to any series of Securities, any interest installments due on Bearer Securities on or before Maturity shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of the several coupons for such interest installments as are evidenced thereby as they severally mature.

        SECTION 902.    Maintenance of Office or Agency. If the Securities of a series are issuable only as Registered Securities, the Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities of that series that are convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, as applicable and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served.

        If Securities of a series are issuable as Bearer Securities, the Company will maintain (A) in The City of New York, an office or agency where any Registered Securities of that series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where any Registered Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for exchange, where Securities of that series that are

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convertible or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, as applicable, where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served and where Bearer Securities of that series and related coupons may be presented or surrendered for payment in the circumstances described in the second succeeding paragraph (and not otherwise), (B) subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto, in a Place of Payment for that series which is located outside the United States and Canada, an office or agency where Securities of that series and related coupons may be presented and surrendered for payment; provided, however, that, if the Securities of that series are listed on any stock exchange located outside the United States and Canada and such stock exchange shall so require, the Company will maintain a Paying Agent for the Securities of that series in any required city located outside the United States and Canada so long as the Securities of that series are listed on such exchange, and (C) subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto, in a Place of Payment for that series located outside the United States and Canada an office or agency where any Registered Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for exchange, where Securities of that series that are convertible and exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, as applicable and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served.

        The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of any such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, except that Bearer Securities of any series and the related coupons may be presented and surrendered for payment at the offices specified in the Security, and the Company hereby appoints the same as its agents to receive such respective presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

        Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, no payment of principal, premium or interest on Bearer Securities shall be made at any office or agency of the Company in the United States or Canada or by check mailed to any address in the United States or Canada or by transfer to an account maintained with a bank located in the United States or Canada; provided, however, that, if the Securities of a series are payable in Dollars, payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on any Bearer Security shall be made at the office of the Company's Paying Agent in The City of New York, if (but only if) payment in Dollars of the full amount of such principal, premium or interest, as the case may be, at all offices or agencies outside the United States maintained for such purpose by the Company in accordance with this Indenture is illegal or effectively precluded by exchange controls or other similar restrictions.

        The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind any such designation; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in accordance with the requirements set forth above for Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency. Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities as contemplated by Section 301 with respect to a series of Securities, the Company hereby designates as a Place of Payment for each series of Securities the office or agency of the Trustee in, and initially appoints the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office as Paying Agent and as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

        Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section 301, if and so long as the Securities of any series (i) are denominated in a Currency other than Dollars or (ii) may be payable in a Currency other than Dollars, or so long as it is required under any other provision of the Indenture, then the Company will maintain with respect to each such series of Securities, or as so required, at least one Exchange Rate Agent.

        SECTION 903.    Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust. If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities and any related coupons, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any of the Securities of that series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum in the Currency in which the

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Securities of such series are payable (except as may otherwise be specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 312(b), 312(d) and 312(e)) sufficient to pay the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on Securities of such series so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

        Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of Securities and any related coupons, it will, prior to or on each due date of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum (in the Currency described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay the principal (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

        The Company will cause each Paying Agent (other than the Trustee) for any series of Securities to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section 903, that such Paying Agent will:

        (1)   hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on Securities of such series in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

        (2)   give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of such series) in the making of any payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Securities of such series; and

        (3)   at any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.

        The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such sums.

        Except as provided in the Securities of any series, any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any Security of any series, or any coupon appertaining thereto, and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security or coupon shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company, as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, shall at the written direction and at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper, or cause to be mailed to such Holder or both, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication or mailing, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

        SECTION 904.    Statement as to Compliance. The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year (which as of the date hereof ends on the 31^st day of December), a brief certificate from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer as to his or her knowledge of the Company's compliance with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture and as to any default in such performance. For purposes of this Section 904, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice under this Indenture.

        SECTION 905.    Payment of Taxes and Other Claims. The Company will pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged, before the same shall become delinquent, (1) all material taxes, assessments and governmental charges levied or imposed upon the Company or upon the income, profits or property of the

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Company and (2) all material lawful claims for labor, materials and supplies which, if unpaid, might by law become a Lien upon any property of the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged any such tax, assessment, charge or claim whose amount, applicability or validity is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings.

        SECTION 906.    Maintenance of Properties. The Company will maintain, preserve and protect, all of its material properties and title thereto and equipment necessary in the operation of its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted, except to the extent that the failure to do so would not materially impair the operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole; provided, however, that nothing in this Section 906 shall prevent or restrict the sale, abandonment or other disposition of any of such properties.

        SECTION 907.    Corporate Existence. The Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its existence in accordance with its organizational documents; provided that this Section 907 does not prohibit any transaction otherwise permitted by Section 909.

        SECTION 908.    Waiver of Certain Covenants. The Company may, with respect to any series of Securities, omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition which affects such series set forth in Sections 905 to 907, inclusive, or, as specified pursuant to Section 301(19) for Securities of such series, in any covenants added to Article Nine pursuant to Section 301(19) in connection with Securities of such series, if before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities of such series, by Act of such Holders, waive such compliance in such instance with such term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee to Holders of Securities of such series in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

        SECTION 909.    Consolidation, Amalgamation, Merger and Sale of Assets. The Company shall not amalgamate, consolidate or combine with or merge with or into any other Person or sell, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets, substantially as an entirety to another Person, unless:

        (1)   the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (the "Successor Company") shall be a Person organized and existing under the laws of the Canada or any province or territory thereunder, or under the laws of United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, and the Successor Company (if not the Company) shall expressly assume, by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, all of the obligations of the Company under the Securities and this Indenture;

        (2)   immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and

        (3)   the Company or the Successor Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such amalgamation, consolidation, merger or transfer, and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture, comply with the provisions of this Indenture, including Article 8 and this Section 909.

        This Section 909 shall only apply to a merger, consolidation or amalgamation in which the Company is not the surviving Person and to conveyances, leases and transfers by the Company as transferor or lessor.

        The Successor Company will succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture; provided, however, that the Company shall not be released from the obligation to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities in the case of a lease of all or substantially all of the Company's properties or assets in a transaction that is subject to, and that complies with the provisions of, this covenant.

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ARTICLE TEN

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

        SECTION 1001.    Applicability of Article. Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article Ten.

        SECTION 1002.    Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company, the Company shall, at least 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and shall deliver to the Trustee such documentation and records as shall enable the Trustee to select the Securities to be redeemed pursuant to Section 1003. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction.

        SECTION 1003.    Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed. If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series not previously called for redemption, by lot or in such manner as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions of the principal of Securities of such series; provided, however, that no such partial redemption shall reduce the portion of the principal amount of a Security not redeemed to less than the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of such series established pursuant to Section 301.

        The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

        For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Security which has been or is to be redeemed.

        SECTION 1004.    Notice of Redemption. Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided for in Section 106 not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed.

        All notices of redemption shall state:

        (1)   the Redemption Date,

        (2)   the Redemption Price and the amount of accrued interest to the Redemption Date payable as provided in Section 1006, if any,

        (3)   if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed,

        (4)   in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice which relates to such Security shall state that on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder will receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed,

        (5)   that on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date payable as provided in Section 1006 will become due and payable upon each such Security, or the portion thereof, to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date,

        (6)   the Place or Places of Payment where such Securities, together in the case of Bearer Securities with all coupons appertaining thereto, if any, maturing after the Redemption Date, are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any,

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        (7)   that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case,

        (8)   that, unless otherwise specified in such notice, Bearer Securities of any series, if any, surrendered for redemption must be accompanied by all coupons maturing subsequent to the Redemption Date or the amount of any such missing coupon or coupons will be deducted from the Redemption Price unless security or indemnity satisfactory to the Company, the Trustee and any Paying Agent is furnished, and

        (9)   if Bearer Securities of any series are to be redeemed and any Registered Securities of such series are not to be redeemed, and if such Bearer Securities may be exchanged for Registered Securities not subject to redemption on such Redemption Date pursuant to Section 305 or otherwise, the last date, as determined by the Company, on which such exchanges may be made.

        Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.

        SECTION 1005.    Deposit of Redemption Price. Prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 903) an amount of money in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (except, if applicable, as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 312(b), Section 312(d) and 312(e)) sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and accrued interest, if any, on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.

        SECTION 1006.    Securities Payable on Redemption Date. Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (except, if applicable, as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 312(b), Section 312(d) and 312(e)) (together with accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date), and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any) such Securities shall, if the same were interest-bearing, cease to bear interest and the coupons for such interest appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be redeemed, except to the extent provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, together with all coupons, if any, appertaining thereto maturing after the Redemption Date, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that installments of interest on Bearer Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States and Canada (except as otherwise provided in Section 902) and, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, only upon presentation and surrender of coupons for such interest; provided further that installments of interest on Registered Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant record dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 307.

        If any Bearer Security surrendered for redemption shall not be accompanied by all appurtenant coupons maturing after the Redemption Date, such Security may be paid after deducting from the Redemption Price an amount equal to the face amount of all such missing coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there be furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender to the Trustee or any Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which a deduction shall have been made from the Redemption Price, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount so deducted; provided, however, that interest represented by coupons shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States and Canada (except as otherwise provided in Section 902) and, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, only upon presentation and surrender of those coupons.

        If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) set forth in such Security.

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        SECTION 1007.    Securities Redeemed in Part. Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part (pursuant to the provisions of this Article Ten or of Article Eleven) shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or such Holder's attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered.

ARTICLE ELEVEN

SINKING FUNDS

        SECTION 1101.    Applicability of Article. Retirements of Securities of any series pursuant to any sinking fund shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article Eleven.

        The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional sinking fund payment". If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any mandatory sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 1102. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.

        SECTION 1102.    Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities. Subject to Section 1003, in lieu of making all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund payment with respect to any Securities of a series in cash, the Company may at its option (1) deliver to the Trustee Outstanding Securities of such series (other than any previously called for redemption) theretofore purchased or otherwise acquired by the Company together in the case of any Bearer Securities of such series with all unmatured coupons appertaining thereto, and/or (2) receive credit for the principal amount of Securities of such series which have been previously redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any mandatory sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of the same series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series; provided, however, that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such mandatory sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.

        SECTION 1103.    Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. Not less than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (except, if applicable, as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 312(b), 312(d) and 312(e)) and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering or crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 1102 (which Securities will, if not previously delivered, accompany such certificate) and whether the Company intends to exercise its right to make a permitted optional sinking fund payment with respect to such series. Such certificate shall be irrevocable and upon its delivery the Company shall be obligated to make the cash payment or payments therein referred to, if any, on or before the next succeeding sinking fund payment date. In the case of the failure of the Company to deliver such certificate, the sinking fund payment due on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date for that series shall be paid entirely in cash and shall be sufficient to redeem the principal amount of such Securities subject to a mandatory sinking fund payment without the option to deliver or credit Securities as provided in Section 1102 and without the right to make any optional sinking fund payment, if any, with respect to such series.

        Not more than 60 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 1003 and cause notice of

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the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 1004. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 1006 and 1007.

        Prior to any sinking fund payment date, the Company shall pay to the Trustee or a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 903) in cash a sum equal to any interest that will accrue to the date fixed for redemption of Securities or portions thereof to be redeemed on such sinking fund payment date pursuant to this Section 1103.

        Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to a sinking fund for any series of Securities, if at any time the amount of cash to be paid into such sinking fund on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date, together with any unused balance of any preceding sinking fund payment or payments for such series, does not exceed in the aggregate $100,000, the Trustee, unless requested by the Company, shall not give the next succeeding notice of the redemption of Securities of such series through the operation of the sinking fund. Any such unused balance of moneys deposited in such sinking fund shall be added to the sinking fund payment for such series to be made in cash on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date or, at the request of the Company, shall be applied at any time or from time to time to the purchase of Securities of such series, by public or private purchase, in the open market or otherwise, at a purchase price for such Securities (excluding accrued interest and brokerage commissions, for which the Trustee or any Paying Agent will be reimbursed by the Company) not in excess of the principal amount thereof.

ARTICLE TWELVE

REPAYMENT AT OPTION OF HOLDERS

        SECTION 1201.    Applicability of Article. Repayment of Securities of any series before their Stated Maturity at the option of Holders thereof shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of any series) in accordance with this Article Twelve.

        SECTION 1202.    Repayment of Securities. Securities of any series subject to repayment in whole or in part at the option of the Holders thereof will, unless otherwise provided in the terms of such Securities, be repaid at a price equal to the principal amount thereof, together with interest, if any, thereon accrued to the Repayment Date specified in or pursuant to the terms of such Securities. The Company covenants that, with respect to Securities, on or before the Repayment Date it will deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 903) an amount of money in the Currency in which the Securities of such series are payable (except, if applicable, as otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301 for the Securities of such series and except, if applicable, as provided in Sections 312(b), 312(d) and 312(e)) sufficient to pay the principal (or, if so provided by the terms of the Securities of any series, a percentage of the principal) of and (except if the Repayment Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest, if any, on, all the Securities or portions thereof, as the case may be, to be repaid on such date.

        SECTION 1203.    Exercise of Option. Securities of any series subject to repayment at the option of the Holders thereof will contain an "Option to Elect Repayment" form on the reverse of such Securities. To be repaid at the option of the Holder, any Security so providing for such repayment, with the "Option to Elect Repayment" form on the reverse of such Security duly completed by the Holder (or by the Holder's attorney duly authorized in writing), must be received by the Company at the Place of Payment therefor specified in the terms of such Security (or at such other place or places which the Company shall from time to time notify the Holders of such Securities) not earlier than 45 days nor later than 30 days prior to the Repayment Date. If less than the entire principal amount of such Security is to be repaid in accordance with the terms of such Security, the principal amount of such Security to be repaid, in increments of the minimum denomination for Securities of such series, and the denomination or denominations of the Security or Securities to be issued to the Holder for the portion of the principal amount of such Security surrendered that is not to be repaid, must be specified. The principal amount of any Security providing for repayment at the option of the Holder thereof may not be repaid in part if, following such repayment, the unpaid principal amount of such Security would be less than the minimum authorized denomination of Securities of the series of which such Security to be repaid is a part.

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Except as otherwise may be provided by the terms of any Security providing for repayment at the option of the Holder thereof, exercise of the repayment option by the Holder shall be irrevocable unless waived by the Company.

        SECTION 1204.    When Securities Presented for Repayment Become Due and Payable. If Securities of any series providing for repayment at the option of the Holders thereof shall have been surrendered as provided in this Article Twelve and as provided by or pursuant to the terms of such Securities, such Securities or the portions thereof, as the case may be, to be repaid shall become due and payable and shall be paid by the Company on the Repayment Date therein specified, and on and after such Repayment Date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of such Securities on such Repayment Date together with, if applicable, accrued interest, if any, thereon to the Repayment Date) such Securities shall, if the same were interest-bearing, cease to bear interest and the coupons for such interest appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be repaid, except to the extent provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of any such Security for repayment in accordance with such provisions, together with all coupons, if any, appertaining thereto maturing after the Repayment Date, the principal amount of such Security so to be repaid shall be paid by the Company, together with accrued interest, if any, to the Repayment Date; provided, however, that coupons whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Repayment Date shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States and Canada (except as otherwise provided in Section 902) and, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section 301, only upon presentation and surrender of such coupons; provided further that, in the case of Registered Securities, installments of interest, if any, whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Repayment Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 307.

        If any Bearer Security surrendered for repayment shall not be accompanied by all appurtenant coupons maturing after the Repayment Date, such Security may be paid after deducting from the amount payable therefor as provided in Section 1202 an amount equal to the face amount of all such missing coupons, or the surrender of such missing coupon or coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there be furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security shall surrender to the Trustee or any Paying Agent any such missing coupon in respect of which a deduction shall have been made as provided in the preceding sentence, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount so deducted; provided, however, that interest represented by coupons shall be payable only at an office or agency located outside the United States and Canada (except as otherwise provided in Section 902) and, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301, only upon presentation and surrender of those coupons.

        If the principal amount of any Security surrendered for repayment shall not be so repaid upon surrender thereof, such principal amount (together with interest, if any, thereon accrued to such Repayment Date) shall, until paid, bear interest from the Repayment Date at the rate of interest or Yield to Maturity (in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities) set forth in such Security.

        SECTION 1205.    Securities Repaid in Part. Upon surrender of any Registered Security which is to be repaid in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security, without service charge and at the expense of the Company, a new Registered Security or Securities of the same series each, of any authorized denomination specified by the Holder, in an aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the portion of the principal of such Security so surrendered which is not to be repaid.

ARTICLE THIRTEEN

DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

        SECTION 1301.    Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of any series, the provisions of this Article Thirteen shall apply to each series of Securities, and the Company may, at its option, effect defeasance of the Securities of a series under Section 1302, or covenant defeasance of a series under Section 1303 in accordance with the terms of such Securities and in accordance with this Article Thirteen; provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified

52

pursuant to Section 301 with respect to the Securities of any series, the Company may effect defeasance or covenant defeasance only with respect to all of the Securities of such series.

        SECTION 1302.    Defeasance and Discharge. Upon the exercise by the Company of the above option applicable to this Section 1302 with respect to any Securities of a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons on the date the conditions set forth in Section 1304 are satisfied (hereinafter, "defeasance"). For this purpose, such defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons, respectively, which shall thereafter be deemed to be "Outstanding" only for the purposes of Section 1305 and the other provisions of this Indenture referred to in (A), (B), (C) and (D) below, and to have satisfied its other obligations under such Securities and any related coupons, respectively, and this Indenture insofar as such Securities and any related coupons are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (A) the rights of Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons to receive, solely from the trust fund described in Section 1304 and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Securities and any related coupons when such payments are due, (B) the Company's and the Trustee's obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 113, 114, 304, 305, 306, 902 and 903 (and any applicable provisions of Article Ten), (C) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (D) this Article Thirteen. Subject to compliance with this Article Thirteen, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 1302 notwithstanding the prior exercise of the option under Section 1303 with respect to such Securities and any related coupons.

        SECTION 1303.    Covenant Defeasance. Upon the exercise by the Company of the above option applicable to this Section 1303 with respect to any Securities of a series, the Company shall be released from its obligations under Sections 905 through 907, and, if specified pursuant to Section 301, its obligations under any other covenant, in each case with respect to such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons, respectively, on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 1304 are satisfied (hereinafter, "covenant defeasance"), and such Securities and any related coupons shall thereafter be deemed not to be "Outstanding" for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed "Outstanding" for all other purposes hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect to such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 501(4) or (8) or otherwise, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities and any related coupons shall be unaffected thereby.

        SECTION 1304.    Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. The following shall be the conditions to application of either Section 1302 or Section 1303 to any Outstanding Securities of or within a series and any related coupons:

        (1)   The Company has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the requirements of Section 607 who shall agree to comply with the provisions of this Article Thirteen applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities and any related coupons, (A) an amount (in such Currency in which such Securities and any related coupons are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity), or (B) Government Obligations applicable to such Securities (determined on the basis of the Currency in which such Securities are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity) which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest, if any, or any other sums due under such Securities and any related coupons, money in an amount, or (C) a combination thereof, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay

53

and discharge, (i) the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, and any other sums due under such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons on the Stated Maturity (or Redemption Date, if applicable) of such principal (and premium, if any) or installment of interest, if any, or any other sums and (ii) any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable to such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of such Securities and any related coupons; provided that the Trustee shall have been irrevocably instructed to apply such money or the proceeds of such Government Obligations to said payments with respect to such Securities and any related coupons. Before such a deposit, the Company may give to the Trustee, in accordance with Section 1002, a notice of its election to redeem all or any portion of such Outstanding Securities at a future date in accordance with the terms of the Securities of such series and Article Ten, which notice shall be irrevocable. Such irrevocable redemption notice, if given, shall be given effect in applying the foregoing.

        (2)   In the case of an election under Section 1302, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States stating that (x) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (y) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable U.S. federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred.

        (3)   In the case of an election under Section 1303, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States to the effect that the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred.

        (4)   The Company has delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in Canada or a ruling from Canada Revenue Agency to the effect that the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons will not recognize income, gain or loss for Canadian federal or provincial income tax or other tax purposes as a result of such defeasance or covenant defeasance and will be subject to Canadian federal and provincial income tax and other tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case had such defeasance or covenant defeasance not occurred (and for the purposes of such opinion, such Canadian counsel shall assume that Holders of such Outstanding Securities include Holders who are not resident in Canada).

        (5)   The Company is not an "insolvent person" within the meaning of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) on the date of such deposit or at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

        (6)   No Event of Default or event that, with the passing of time or the giving of notice, or both, shall constitute an Event of Default under the Indenture or such Securities or any related coupons shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit (other than a Default resulting from the borrowing of funds and the grant of any related liens to be applied to such deposit) or, insofar as paragraphs (5), (6) and (7) of Section 501 are concerned, at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

        (7)   Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section 1304, such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or limitations in connection therewith pursuant to Section 301.

54

        (8)   The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to either the defeasance under Section 1302 or the covenant defeasance under Section 1303 (as the case may be) have been complied with.

        SECTION 1305.    Deposited Money and Government Obligations to Be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions. Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 903, all money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant to Section 301) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 1305, the "Trustee") pursuant to Section 1304 in respect of such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and any related coupons and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent as the Trustee may determine (other than, with respect only to defeasance pursuant to Section 1302, the Company or any of its Affiliates), to the Holders of such Securities and any related coupons of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

        Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Security pursuant to Section 301, if, after a deposit referred to in Section 1304(1) has been made, (a) the Holder of a Security in respect of which such deposit was made is entitled to, and does, elect pursuant to Section 312(b) or the terms of such Security to receive payment in a Currency other than that in which the deposit pursuant to Section 1304(1) has been made in respect of such Security, or (b) a Conversion Event occurs as contemplated in Section 312(d) or 312(e) or by the terms of any Security in respect of which the deposit pursuant to Section 1304(1) has been made, the indebtedness represented by such Security and any related coupons shall be deemed to have been, and will be, fully discharged and satisfied through the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such Security as they become due out of the proceeds yielded by converting (from time to time as specified below in the case of any such election) the amount or other property deposited in respect of such Security into the Currency in which such Security becomes payable as a result of such election or Conversion Event based on the applicable Market Exchange Rate for such Currency in effect on the third Business Day prior to each payment date, except, with respect to a Conversion Event, for such Currency in effect (as nearly as feasible) at the time of the Conversion Event.

        The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 1304 or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any related coupons.

        Anything in this Article Thirteen to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon request of the Company any money or Government Obligations (or other property and any proceeds therefrom) held by it as provided in Section 1304 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, in accordance with this Article Thirteen.

        SECTION 1306.    Reinstatement. If the Trustee or any Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in accordance with Section 1305 by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations of the Company under this Indenture and such Securities and any related coupons shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 1302 or Section 1303, as the case may be, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 1305; provided, however, that if the Company makes any payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any such Security or any related coupon following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities and any related coupons to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or Paying Agent.

55

ARTICLE FOURTEEN

MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

        SECTION 1401.    Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called. If Securities of a series are issuable, in whole or in part, as Bearer Securities, a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series may be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to this Article Fourteen to make, give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series.

        SECTION 1402.    Call, Notice and Place of Meetings.

        (a)   The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Securities of any series for any purpose specified in Section 1401, to be held at such time and at such place in the City of New York or in London or in Vancouver as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of Holders of Securities of any series, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given, in the manner provided for in Section 106, not less than 21 nor more than 180 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.

        (b)   In case at any time the Company, pursuant to a Board Resolution or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for any purpose specified in Section 1401, by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have made the first publication of the notice of such meeting within 21 days after receipt of such request or shall not thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as provided herein, then the Company or the Holders of Securities of such series in the amount above specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and the place in the City of New York, London or in Toronto, Ontario, Canada for such meeting and may call such meeting for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in paragraph (a) of this Section 1402.

        SECTION 1403.    Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings. To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series, a Person shall be (1) a Holder of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series, or (2) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for a Holder or Holders of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series by such Holder of Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be the Person entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

        SECTION 1404.    Quorum; Action. The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series; provided, however, that, if any action is to be taken at such meeting with respect to a consent or waiver which this Indenture expressly provides may be given by the Holders of not less than a specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series, the Persons entitled to vote such specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum within 30 minutes of the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if convened at the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved. In any other case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any such adjourned meeting, such adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such adjourned meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall be given as provided in Section 1402(a), except that such notice need be given only once not less than five days prior to the date on which the meeting is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall state expressly the percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.

        Subject to the foregoing, at the reconvening of any meeting adjourned for lack of a quorum the Persons entitled to vote 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities at the time shall constitute a quorum for the taking of any action set forth in the notice of the original meeting.

56

        Except as limited by the proviso to Section 802, any resolution presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series; provided, however, that, except as limited by the proviso to Section 802, any resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which this Indenture expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage, which is less than a majority, in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid by the affirmative vote of the Holders of not less than such specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series.

        Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section 1404 shall be binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series and the related coupons, whether or not present or represented at the meeting.

        Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1404, if any action is to be taken at a meeting of Holders of Securities of any series with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action that this Indenture expressly provides may be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in principal amount of all Outstanding Securities affected thereby, or of the Holders of such series and one or more additional series:

        (i)    there shall be no minimum quorum requirement for such meeting; and

        (ii)   the principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series that vote in favor of such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action shall be taken into account in determining whether such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action has been made, given or taken under this Indenture.

        SECTION 1405.    Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings.

        (a)   Notwithstanding any provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of Holders of Securities of a series in regard to proof of the holding of Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as its shall deem appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations, the holding of Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 104 and the appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 104 or by having the signature of the person executing the proxy witnessed or guaranteed by any trust company, bank or banker authorized by Section 104 to certify to the holding of Bearer Securities. Such regulations may provide that written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their face, may be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 104 or other proof.

        (b)   The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing appoint a temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 1402(b), in which case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting.

        (c)   At any meeting each Holder of a Security of such series or proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by him (determined as specified in the definition of "Outstanding" in Section 101); provided, however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Security challenged as not Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote, except as a Holder of a Security of such series or proxy.

        (d)   Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly called pursuant to Section 1402 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned from time to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal

57

amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting; and the meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.

        SECTION 1406.    Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings. The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of the Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at least in duplicate, of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be prepared by the Secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was given as provided in Section 1402 and, if applicable, Section 1404. Each copy shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to the Company, and another to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.

* * * * *

58

        This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same Indenture.

        IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed, all as of the day and year first above written.

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
By:	Name: Title:
By:	Name: Title:
, as Trustee
By:	Name: Title:

EXHIBIT A

FORM OF SECURITY

*[Unless this Security is presented by an authorized representative of The Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation ("DTC"), to the Company (as defined below) or its agent for registration of transfer, exchange or payment, and any certificate issued is registered in the name of Cede & Co. or such other name as is requested by an authorized representative of DTC (and any payment is made to Cede & Co. or to such other entity as is requested by an authorized representative of DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL inasmuch as the registered owner hereof, Cede & Co., has an interest herein.

*[This Security is a global Security within the meaning of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of DTC or a nominee of DTC. This Security is exchangeable for Securities registered in the name of a Person other than DTC or its nominee only in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture, and no transfer of this Security (other than a transfer of this Security as a whole by DTC to a nominee of DTC or by a nominee of DTC to DTC or another nominee of DTC or by DTC or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or nominee of such successor Depositary) may be registered except in limited circumstances.]

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.

% [Debenture] [Bond] [Note] [due] [Due]

No.                                                             $
                                                                                                  CUSIP:

        Platinum Group Metals Ltd., a corporation incorporated under the laws of the Province of British Columbia (herein called the "Company," which term includes any successor Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to [Cede & Co.]*, or registered assigns, the principal sum of $                                     (                                    DOLLARS) on [date and year], as revised by the Schedule of Increases or Decreases in Global Security attached hereto, at the office or agency of the Company referred to below, and to pay interest thereon on [date and year], and semi-annually thereafter on [date] and [date] in each year, from and including [date and year],** or from and including the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, at the rate of                        % per annum, until the principal hereof is paid or duly provided for, and (to the extent lawful) to pay on demand interest on any overdue principal, [premium, if any,] or interest at the rate borne by this Security from and including the date on which such overdue principal, [premium, if any,] or interest becomes payable to but excluding the date payment of such principal, [premium, if any,] or interest has been made or duly provided for. The interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be the [date] or [date] (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date, and such Defaulted Interest, and (to the extent lawful) interest on such Defaulted Interest at the rate borne by the Securities of this series, may be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this series not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date, or may be paid at any time in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities of this series may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, all as more fully provided in said Indenture. Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set forth on

*

Include if Securities are to issued in global form. At the time of this writing, DTC will not accept global securities with an aggregate principal amount in excess of $500,000,000. If the aggregate principal amount of the offering exceeds this amount, use more than one global security.

**

Insert date from which interest is to accrue or, if the Securities are to be sold "flat," the closing date of the offering.

A-1

the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

        Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been duly executed by the Trustee by manual signature, this Security shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture, or be valid or obligatory for any purpose.

        IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly executed.

Dated:	PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD.
	By:
	By:	as Trustee
	By:	Authorized Officer

TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION

        This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

A-2

[Form of Reverse]

        This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the Company designated as its                        % [Debentures] [Notes] [due] [Due]                                     (herein called the "Securities"), limited (except as otherwise provided in the Indenture referred to below [and except as provided in the second succeeding paragraph]) in aggregate principal amount to $[,000,000], which may be issued under an indenture (herein called the "Indenture") dated as of                        ,                                     between Platinum Group Metals Ltd. and                                     , as trustee (herein called the "Trustee," which term includes any successor trustee under the Indenture), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto reference is hereby made for a statement of the respective rights, limitations of rights, duties, obligations and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities, and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. [This Security is a global Security representing $[,,000] aggregate principal amount [at maturity]** of the Securities of this series.]***

        Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any,) and interest on this Security will be made at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in, in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts; provided, however, that payment of interest may be made at the option of the Company (i) by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear on the Security Register or (ii) by wire transfer to an account maintained in the United States by the Person entitled to such payment as specified in the Security Register. [Notwithstanding the foregoing, payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest on a global Security registered in the name of a Depositary or its nominee will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds.] Principal paid in relation to any Security of this series at Maturity shall be paid to the Holder of such Security only upon presentation and surrender of such Security to such office or agency referred to above.

        [As provided for in the Indenture, the Company may from time to time without notice to, or the consent of, the Holders of the Securities, create and issue additional Securities of this series under the Indenture, equal in rank to the Outstanding Securities of this series in all respects (or in all respects except for the payment of interest accruing prior to the issue date of the new Securities of this series or except for the first payment of interest following the issue date of the new Securities of this series) so that the new Securities of this series shall be consolidated and form a single series with the Outstanding Securities of this series and have the same terms as to status, redemption or otherwise as the Outstanding Securities of this series.]****

        [The Securities of this series are subject to redemption upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice, at any time after [date and year], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company [, at a Redemption Price equal to the percentage of the principal amount set forth below if redeemed during the 12-month period beginning [date], of the years indicated:

Year	Redemption Price		Year	Redemption Price
		%			%
		%			%
		%			%

and thereafter] at 100% of the principal amount, together in the case of any such redemption with accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date, all as provided in the Indenture.]*

**

Include if a discount security.

***

Include in a global Security.

****

Include if this series of Securities may be reopened pursuant to 0 of the Indenture.

*

Include if the Securities are subject to redemption or replace with any other redemption provisions applicable to the Securities.

A-3

        [The Securities of this series are also subject to redemption on [date] in each year commencing in [year] through the operation of a sinking fund, at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount, together with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, all as provided in the Indenture. The sinking fund provides for the [mandatory] redemption on [date] in each year beginning with the year [year] of $                        aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series. [In addition, the Company may, at its option, elect to redeem up to an additional $                        aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series on any such date.] Securities of this series acquired or redeemed by the Company (other than through operation of the sinking fund) may be credited against subsequent [mandatory] sinking fund payments.]**

        [The Securities of this series are subject to repayment at the option of the Holders thereof on [Repayment Date(s)] at a Repayment Price equal to             % of the principal amount, together with accrued interest to the Repayment Date, all as provided in the Indenture. To be repaid at the option of the Holder, this Security, with the "Option to Elect Repayment" form duly completed by the Holder hereof (or the Holder's attorney duly authorized in writing), must be received by the Company at its office or agency maintained for that purpose in                        not earlier than 45 days nor later than 30 days prior to the Repayment Date. Exercise of such option by the Holder of this Security shall be irrevocable unless waived by the Company.]***

        In the case of any redemption [repayment] of Securities of this series, interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date [Repayment Date] will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant record dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 307 of the Indenture. Securities of this series (or portions thereof) for whose redemption [repayment] payment is made or duly provided for in accordance with the Indenture shall cease to bear interest from and after the Redemption Date [Repayment Date].

        In the event of redemption [repayment] of this Security in part only, a new Security or Securities of this series for the unredeemed [unpaid] portion hereof shall be issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.

        If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the principal of [and accrued but unpaid interest on] all the Securities of this series may be declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.

        The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance at any time of (a) the entire indebtedness of the Company on this Security and (b) certain restrictive covenants and the related Defaults and Events of Default applicable to the Securities of this series, upon compliance by the Company, with certain conditions set forth therein, which provisions apply to this Security.

        The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the Company and the rights of the Holders under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the consent of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding of all series affected by such amendment or modification. The Indenture also contains provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of this series at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of this series, to waive compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture and also contains provisions permitting the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series with respect to which a Default shall have occurred and shall be continuing, on behalf of the Holders of all Outstanding Securities of such affected series, to waive certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by or on behalf of the Holder of this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.

**

Include if the Securities are subject to a sinking fund.

***

Include if the Securities are subject to repayment at the option of the Holders.

A-4

        No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and interest on this Security at the times, place, and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed.

        As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, the transfer of this Security is registerable on the Security Register of the Company, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose in                                    duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of this series, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees.

        The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form without coupons in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, the Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series of a different authorized denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same.

        No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities of this series, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

        Prior to the time of due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Security is overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

        Interest on this Security shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. For the purposes of disclosure under the Interest Act (Canada), the yearly rate of interest to which interest calculated under a Security of this series for any period in any calendar year (the "calculation period") is equivalent is the rate payable under a Security of this series in respect of the calculation period multiplied by a fraction the numerator of which is the actual number of days in such calendar year and the denominator of which is the actual number of days in the calculation period.

        [If at any time, (i) the Depositary for the Securities of this series notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for the Securities of this series or if at any time the Depositary for the Securities of this series shall no longer be a clearing agency registered as such under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and a successor Depositary is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, [or] (ii) the Company determines that the Securities of this series shall no longer be represented by a global Security or Securities [or (iii) any Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing with respect to the Securities of this series]*, then in such event the Company will execute and the Trustee will authenticate and deliver Securities of this series in definitive registered form, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of this Security in exchange for this Security. Such Securities of this series in definitive registered form shall be registered in such names and issued in such authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities of this series to the Persons in whose names such Securities of this series are so registered.]**

        The Indenture and this Security shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

        All references herein to "dollars" or "$" means a dollar or other equivalent unit in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time should be legal tender for the payment of public and private debts, and all terms used in this Security which are defined in the Indenture shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

*

Include, if applicable.

**

Include for global security.

A-5

[OPTION TO ELECT REPAYMENT

        The undersigned hereby irrevocably requests and instructs the Company to repay the within Security [(or the portion thereof specified below)], pursuant to its terms, on the "Repayment Date" first occurring after the date of receipt of the within Security as specified below, at a Repayment Price equal            % of the principal amount thereof, together with accrued interest to the Repayment Date, to the undersigned at:

(Please Print or Type Name and Address of the Undersigned.)

        For this Option to Elect Repayment to be effective, this Security with the Option to Elect Repayment duly completed must be received not earlier than 45 days prior to the Repayment Date and not later than 30 days prior to the Repayment Date by the Company at its office or agency in New York, New York.

        If less than the entire principal amount of the within Security is to be repaid, specify the portion thereof (which shall be $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof) which is to be repaid: $                        .

        If less than the entire principal amount of the within Security is to be repaid, specify the denomination(s) of the Security(ies) to be issued for the unpaid amount ($1,000 or any integral multiple of $1,000): $                                    .

Dated:
	Note: The signature to this Option to Elect Repayment must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the within Security in every particular without alterations or enlargement or any change whatsoever.]

A-6

ASSIGNMENT FORM*

To assign this Security, fill in the form below:
I or we assign and transfer this Security to

                                                                                                                            
(INSERT ASSIGNEE'S SOC. SEC., SOC. INS. OR TAX ID NO.)

(Print or type assignee's name, address and zip or postal code)

and irrevocably appoint
                                    agent
to transfer this Security on the books of the Company. The agent may substitute another to act for him.

Dated: Your Signature: (Sign exactly as name appears on the other side of this Security)

Signature Guarantee: (Signature must be guaranteed by a commercial bank or trust company, by a member or members' organization of The New York Stock Exchange or by another eligible guarantor institution as defined in Rule 17Ad-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934)

*

Omit if a global security

A-7

EXHIBIT B-1

FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY
PERSON ENTITLED TO RECEIVE BEARER SECURITY
OR TO OBTAIN INTEREST PAYABLE PRIOR
TO THE EXCHANGE DATE

CERTIFICATE

[Insert title or sufficient description
of Securities to be delivered]

        This is to certify that as of the date hereof, and except as set forth below, the above-captioned Securities held by you for our account (i) are not owned by any person(s) that is a citizen or resident of the United States; a corporation or partnership (including any entity treated as a corporation or partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia unless, in the case of a partnership, U.S. Treasury Regulations provide otherwise; any estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source or; a trust if (A) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust's administration and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) a trust in existence on August 20, 1996, and treated as a United States person before this date that timely elected to continue to be treated as a United States person ("United States persons(s)"), (ii) are owned by United States person(s) that are (a) foreign branches of U.S. financial institutions (financial institutions, as defined in U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.165-12(c)(1)(iv) are herein referred to as "financial institutions") purchasing for their own account or for resale, or (b) United States person(s) who acquired the Securities through foreign branches of U.S. financial institutions and who hold the Securities through such U.S. financial institutions on the date hereof (and in either case (a) or (b), each such U.S. financial institution hereby agrees, on its own behalf or through its agent, that you may advise Platinum Group Metals Ltd. or its agent that such financial institution will comply with the requirements of Section 165(j)(3)(A), (B) or (C) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations thereunder), or (iii) are owned by U.S. or foreign financial institution(s) for purposes of resale during the restricted period (as defined in U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(D)(7)), and, in addition, if the owner is a U.S. or foreign financial institution described in clause (iii) above (whether or not also described in clause (i) or (ii)), this is to further certify that such financial institution has not acquired the Securities for purposes of resale directly or indirectly to a United States person or to a person within the United States or its possessions.

        As used herein, "United States" means the United States of America (including the states and the District of Columbia); and its "possessions" include Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island and the Northern Mariana Islands.

        We undertake to advise you promptly by tested telex on or prior to the date on which you intend to submit your certification relating to the above-captioned Securities held by you for our account in accordance with your Operating Procedures if any applicable statement herein is not correct on such date, and in the absence of any such notification it may be assumed that this certification applies as of such date.

        This certificate excepts and does not relate to [U.S.$]                                     of such interest in the above-captioned Securities in respect of which we are not able to certify and as to which we understand an exchange for an interest in a permanent global Security or an exchange for and delivery of definitive Securities (or, if relevant, collection of any interest) cannot be made until we do so certify.

        We understand that this certificate may be required in connection with certain tax legislation in the United States. If administrative or legal proceedings are commenced or threatened in connection with which this certificate is or would be relevant, we irrevocably authorize you to produce this certificate or a copy thereof to any interested party in such proceedings.

B-1

Dated:

[To be dated no earlier than the 15th day prior to (i) the Exchange Date or (ii) the relevant Interest Payment Date occurring prior to the Exchange Date, as applicable]
	[Name of Person Making Certification] (Authorized Signatory)
	Name:
	Title:

B-2

EXHIBIT B-2

FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE GIVEN BY EUROCLEAR
AND CLEARSTREAM IN
CONNECTION WITH THE EXCHANGE OF A PORTION OF A
TEMPORARY GLOBAL SECURITY OR TO OBTAIN INTEREST
PAYABLE PRIOR TO THE EXCHANGE DATE

CERTIFICATE

[Insert title or sufficient description
of Securities to be delivered]

        This is to certify that based solely on written certifications that we have received in writing, by tested telex or by electronic transmission from each of the persons appearing in our records as persons entitled to a portion of the principal amount set forth below (our "Member Organizations") substantially in the form attached hereto, as of the date hereof, [U.S.$] principal amount of the above-captioned Securities (i) is not owned by any person(s) that is a citizen or resident of the United States; a corporation or partnership (including any entity treated as a corporation or partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia unless, in the case of a partnership, U.S. Treasury Regulations provide otherwise; any estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source or; a trust if (A) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust's administration and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) a trust in existence on August 20, 1996, and treated as a United States person before this date that timely elected to continue to be treated as a United States person ("United States person(s)"), (ii) is owned by United States person(s) that are (a) foreign branches of U.S. financial institutions (financial institutions, as defined in U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.165-12(c)(1)(iv) are herein referred to as "financial institutions") purchasing for their own account or for resale, or (b) United States person(s) who acquired the Securities through foreign branches of U.S. financial institutions and who hold the Securities through such U.S. financial institutions on the date hereof (and in either case (a) or (b), each such financial institution has agreed, on its own behalf or through its agent, that we may advise Platinum Group Metals Ltd. or its agent that such financial institution will comply with the requirements of Section 165(j)(3)(A), (B) or (C) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations thereunder), or (iii) is owned by U.S. or foreign financial institution(s) for purposes of resale during the restricted period (as defined in U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(D)(7)) and, to the further effect, that financial institutions described in clause (iii) above (whether or not also described in clause (i) or (ii)) have certified that they have not acquired the Securities for purposes of resale directly or indirectly to a United States person or to a person within the United States or its possessions.

        As used herein, "United States" means the United States of America (including the states and the District of Columbia); and its "possessions" include Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island and the Northern Mariana Islands.

        We further certify that (i) we are not making available herewith for exchange (or, if relevant, collection of any interest) any portion of the temporary global Security representing the above-captioned Securities excepted in the above-referenced certificates of Member Organizations and (ii) as of the date hereof we have not received any notification from any of our Member Organizations to the effect that the statements made by such Member Organizations with respect to any portion of the part submitted herewith for exchange (or, if relevant, collection of any interest) are no longer true and cannot be relied upon as of the date hereof.

        We understand that this certification is required in connection with certain tax legislation in the United States. If administrative or legal proceedings are commenced or threatened in connection with which this certificate is or would be relevant, we irrevocably authorize you to produce this certificate or a copy thereof to any interested party in such proceedings.

B-3

Dated:
[To be dated no earlier than the Exchange Date or the relevant Interest Payment Date occurring prior to the Exchange Date, as applicable]
	[            ]], as Operator of the Euroclear System] [CLEARSTREAM]
	By

B-4

QuickLinks

Exhibit 7.1

PLATINUM GROUP METALS LTD. as Issuer and [ ] as Trustee
Platinum Group Metals Ltd. Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture, dated as of [ ]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
RECITALS
ARTICLE ONE DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION
ARTICLE TWO SECURITY FORMS
ARTICLE THREE THE SECURITIES
ARTICLE FOUR SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
ARTICLE FIVE REMEDIES
ARTICLE SIX THE TRUSTEE
ARTICLE SEVEN HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND THE COMPANY
ARTICLE EIGHT SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
ARTICLE NINE COVENANTS
ARTICLE TEN REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES
ARTICLE ELEVEN SINKING FUNDS
ARTICLE TWELVE REPAYMENT AT OPTION OF HOLDERS
ARTICLE THIRTEEN DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE
ARTICLE FOURTEEN MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
EXHIBIT A FORM OF SECURITY
[Form of Reverse]
ASSIGNMENT FORM
EXHIBIT B-1
CERTIFICATE
EXHIBIT B-2
CERTIFICATE