Fixed Assets, Net

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Fixed assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Computer and communications equipment	$	100,539	$	95,730
Software, including software development costs	340,323		320,275
Leasehold improvements and other fixed assets	95,675		94,875
	536,537		510,880
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(353,913)		(327,402)
Fixed assets, net	$	182,624	$	183,478

Depreciation expense was $5.1 million and $5.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense was $10.6 million and $10.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation is included as part of “Occupancy and equipment” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company has $6.1 million and $5.8 million of asset retirement obligations related to certain of its leasehold improvements as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The associated asset retirement cost is capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset. The liability is discounted and accretion expense is recognized using the credit adjusted risk-free interest rate in effect when the liability was initially recognized.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, software development costs totaling $12.3 million and $11.4 million, respectively, were capitalized. Amortization of software development costs totaled $9.9 million and $9.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, software development costs totaling $24.5 million and $22.4 million, respectively, were capitalized. Amortization of software development costs totaled $19.8 million and $18.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization of software development costs is included as part of “Occupancy and equipment” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Impairment charges of $1.0 million and $3.1 million were recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the evaluation of capitalized software projects for future benefit and for fixed assets no longer in service. Impairment charges of $2.8 million and $5.2 million were recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the evaluation of capitalized software projects for future benefit and for fixed assets no longer in service. Impairment charges related to capitalized software and fixed assets are reflected in “Occupancy and equipment” in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.