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Loans And Allowance For Credit Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Loans And Allowance For Credit Losses [Abstract]  
Loans And Allowance For Credit Losses LOANS, LEASES, AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Loans, Leases, and Loans Held for Sale
Loans and leases are summarized as follows according to major portfolio segment and specific class:
December 31,
(In millions)20192018
Loans held for sale$129  $93  
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$14,760  $14,513  
Leasing334  327  
Owner-occupied7,901  7,661  
Municipal2,393  1,661  
Total commercial25,388  24,162  
Commercial real estate:
Construction and land development2,211  2,186  
Term9,344  8,939  
Total commercial real estate11,555  11,125  
Consumer:
Home equity credit line2,917  2,937  
1-4 family residential7,568  7,176  
Construction and other consumer real estate624  643  
Bankcard and other revolving plans502  491  
Other155  180  
Total consumer11,766  11,427  
Total loans and leases 1
$48,709  $46,714  
1Loans and leases are presented net of unearned income, unamortized purchase premiums and discounts, and net deferred loan fees and costs totaling $48 million and $50 million at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Municipal loans generally include loans to municipalities with the debt service being repaid from general funds or pledged revenues of the municipal entity, or to private commercial entities or 501(c)(3) not-for-profit entities utilizing a pass-through municipal entity to achieve favorable tax treatment.
Land development loans included in the construction and land development loan class were $158 million at December 31, 2019, and $237 million at December 31, 2018.
Loans with a carrying value of approximately $21.5 billion at December 31, 2019, and $22.6 billion at December 31, 2018, have been pledged at the Federal Reserve and the FHLB of Des Moines as collateral for current and potential borrowings.
We sold loans totaling $0.9 billion in 2019, $0.6 billion in 2018, and $0.9 billion in 2017, that were classified as loans held for sale. The sold loans were derecognized from the balance sheet. Loans classified as loans held for sale primarily consist of conforming residential mortgages and the guaranteed portion of SBA loans. The loans are mainly sold to U.S. government agencies or participated to third parties. At times, we have continuing involvement in the transferred loans in the form of servicing rights or a guarantee from the respective issuer. Amounts added to loans held for sale during these same periods were $0.9 billion, $0.8 billion, and $0.8 billion, respectively.
The principal balance of sold loans for which we retain servicing was approximately $1.7 billion at December 31, 2019, $2.2 billion at December 31, 2018, and $2.2 billion at December 31, 2017. Income from loans sold, excluding servicing, was $18 million in 2019, $12 million in 2018, and $13 million in 2017.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The ACL consists of the ALLL and the RULC.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The ALLL represents our estimate of probable and estimable losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Losses are charged to the ALLL when recognized. Generally, commercial and industrial and commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans are charged off or charged down when they are determined to be uncollectible in whole or in part, or when 180 days past due, unless the loan is well secured and in process of collection. Consumer loans are either charged off or charged down to net realizable value no later than the month in which they become 180 days past due. Closed-end consumer loans that are not secured by residential real estate are either charged off or charged down to net realizable value no later than the month in which they become 120 days past due. We establish the amount of the ALLL by analyzing the portfolio at least quarterly, and we adjust the provision for loan losses so the ALLL is at an appropriate level at the balance sheet date.
We determine our ALLL as the best estimate within a range of estimated losses. The methodologies we use to estimate the ALLL depend upon the impairment status and loan portfolio. The methodology for impaired loans is discussed subsequently. For commercial and CRE loans with commitments greater than $1 million, we assign internal risk grades using a comprehensive loan grading system based on financial and statistical models, individual credit analysis, and loan officer experience and judgment. The credit quality indicators discussed subsequently are based on this grading system. Estimated losses for these commercial and CRE loans are derived from a statistical analysis of our historical default and loss given default experience over the period of January 2008 through the most recent full quarter.
For consumer and small commercial and CRE loans with commitments less than or equal to $1 million, we primarily use roll rate models to forecast probable inherent losses. Roll rate models measure the rate at which these loans migrate from one delinquency category to the next worst delinquency category, and eventually to loss. We estimate roll rates for these loans using recent delinquency and loss experience by segmenting our loan portfolios into separate pools based on common risk characteristics and separately calculating historical delinquency and loss experience for each pool. These roll rates are then applied to current delinquency levels to estimate probable inherent losses.
The current status and historical changes in qualitative and environmental factors may not be reflected in our quantitative models. Thus, after applying historical loss experience, as described above, we review the quantitatively derived level of ALLL for each segment using qualitative criteria, then use those criteria to determine our qualitative estimate. We monitor various risk factors that influence our judgment regarding the level of the ALLL across the portfolio segments. These factors primarily include:
Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices;
Changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions;
Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans;
Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff;
Changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans;
Changes in the quality of the loan review system;
Changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans;
The existence and effect of any concentration of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations;
The effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements;
The magnitude of the impact of these factors on our qualitative assessment of the ALLL changes from quarter to quarter according to changes made by management in its assessment of these factors, the extent these factors are
already reflected in historical loss rates, and the extent changes in these factors diverge from one to another. We also consider the uncertainty inherent in the estimation process when evaluating the ALLL.
Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments
The RULC represents our estimated reserve for potential losses associated with off-balance sheet commitments, including standby letters of credit. We estimate the RULC using the same procedures and methodologies that we use for the ALLL. The loss factors and qualitative adjustments used in the RULC are the same as the loss factors and qualitative adjustments used in the ALLL. We adjust the Bank’s unfunded lending commitments that are not unconditionally cancelable to an outstanding amount equivalent using credit conversion factors, and we apply the loss factors to the outstanding equivalents.
Changes in the allowance for credit losses are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2019
(In millions)
 
CommercialCommercial
real estate
ConsumerTotal
Allowance for loan losses
Balance at beginning of year$331  $110  $54  $495  
Provision for loan losses42  (11)  37  
Gross loan and lease charge-offs57   17  78  
Recoveries25   10  41  
Net loan and lease charge-offs (recoveries)32  (2)  37  
Balance at end of year$341  $101  $53  $495  
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
Balance at beginning of year$40  $17  $—  $57  
Provision for unfunded lending commitments(1)  —   
Balance at end of year$39  $20  $—  $59  
Total allowance for credit losses
Allowance for loan losses$341  $101  $53  $495  
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments39  20  —  59  
Total allowance for credit losses$380  $121  $53  $554  
December 31, 2018
(In millions)CommercialCommercial
real estate
ConsumerTotal
Allowance for loan losses
Balance at beginning of year$371  $103  $44  $518  
Provision for loan losses(62)  20  (39) 
Gross loan and lease charge-offs46   18  69  
Recoveries68    85  
Net loan and lease charge-offs (recoveries)(22) (4) 10  (16) 
Balance at end of year$331  $110  $54  $495  
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
Balance at beginning of year$48  $10  $—  $58  
Provision for unfunded lending commitments(8)  —  (1) 
Balance at end of year$40  $17  $—  $57  
Total allowance for credit losses
Allowance for loan losses$331  $110  $54  $495  
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments40  17  —  57  
Total allowance for credit losses$371  $127  $54  $552  
The ALLL and outstanding loan balances according to the Bank’s impairment method are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2019
(In millions)CommercialCommercial
real estate
ConsumerTotal
Allowance for loan losses
Individually evaluated for impairment$ $ $ $11  
Collectively evaluated for impairment333  100  51  484  
Total$341  $101  $53  $495  
Outstanding loan balances
Individually evaluated for impairment$168  $30  $58  $256  
Collectively evaluated for impairment25,220  11,525  11,708  48,453  
Total$25,388  $11,555  $11,766  $48,709  

December 31, 2018
(In millions)CommercialCommercial
real estate
ConsumerTotal
Allowance for loan losses
Individually evaluated for impairment$ $ $ $ 
Collectively evaluated for impairment325  109  52  486  
Total$331  $110  $54  $495  
Outstanding loan balances
Individually evaluated for impairment$164  $55  $72  $291  
Collectively evaluated for impairment23,998  11,070  11,355  46,423  
Total$24,162  $11,125  $11,427  $46,714  
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when payment in full of principal and interest is not expected, or the loan is 90 days or more past due as to principal or interest, unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Factors we consider in determining whether a loan is placed on nonaccrual include delinquency status, collateral-value, borrower or guarantor financial statement information, bankruptcy status, and other information that would indicate the full and timely collection of interest and principal is uncertain.
A nonaccrual loan may be returned to accrual status when all delinquent interest and principal become current in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement; the loan, if secured, is well secured; the borrower has paid according to the contractual terms for a minimum of six months; and analysis of the borrower indicates a reasonable assurance of the ability and willingness to maintain payments. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied as a reduction to the principal outstanding.
Closed-end loans with payments scheduled monthly are reported as past due when the borrower is in arrears for two or more monthly payments. Similarly, open-end credits, such as charge-card plans and other revolving credit plans, are reported as past due when the minimum payment has not been made for two or more billing cycles. Other multi-payment obligations (i.e., quarterly, semi-annual, etc.), single payment, and demand notes, are reported as past due when either principal or interest is due and unpaid for a period of 30 days or more.
Nonaccrual loans are summarized as follows:
December 31,
(In millions)20192018
Loans held for sale$—  $ 
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$110  $82  
Leasing—   
Owner-occupied65  67  
Municipal—   
Total commercial175  152  
Commercial real estate:
Construction and land development—  —  
Term16  38  
Total commercial real estate16  38  
Consumer:
Home equity credit line12  13  
1-4 family residential40  42  
Construction and other consumer real estate—  —  
Bankcard and other revolving plans—   
Other—  —  
Total consumer loans52  56  
Total$243  $246  
Past-due loans (accruing and nonaccruing) are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2019
(In millions)Current30-89 days
past due
90+ days
past due
Total
past due
Total
loans
Accruing
loans
90+ days
past due
Nonaccrual
loans
that are
current1
Loans held for sale$129  $—  $—  $—  $129  $—  $—  
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$14,665  $57  $38  $95  $14,760  $ $54  
Leasing334  —  —  —  334   —  
Owner-occupied7,862  20  19  39  7,901  —  44  
Municipal2,393  —  —  —  2,393  —  —  
Total commercial25,254  77  57  134  25,388   98  
Commercial real estate:
Construction and land development
2,206   —   2,211  —   
Term9,333    11  9,344  —  10  
Total commercial real estate11,539  13   16  11,555  —  11  
Consumer:
Home equity credit line2,908     2,917  —   
1-4 family residential7,532  12  24  36  7,568  —  13  
Construction and other consumer real estate
624  —  —  —  624  —  —  
Bankcard and other revolving plans
499     502   —  
Other154   —   155  —  —  
Total consumer loans11,717  21  28  49  11,766   20  
Total$48,510  $111  $88  $199  $48,709  $10  $129  
December 31, 2018
(In millions)Current30-89 days
past due
90+ days
past due
Total
past due
Total
loans
Accruing
loans
90+ days
past due
Nonaccrual
loans
that are
current1
Loans held for sale$89  $—  $ $ $93  $—  $ 
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$14,445  $37  $31  $68  $14,513  $ $46  
Leasing325     327  —   
Owner-occupied7,621  23  17  40  7,661   48  
Municipal1,661  —  —  —  1,661  —   
Total commercial24,052  61  49  110  24,162   96  
Commercial real estate:
Construction and land development
2,185   —   2,186  —  —  
Term8,924   11  15  8,939   26  
Total commercial real estate11,109   11  16  11,125   26  
Consumer:
Home equity credit line2,927    10  2,937  —   
1-4 family residential7,143  15  18  33  7,176  —  19  
Construction and other consumer real estate
642   —   643  —  —  
Bankcard and other revolving plans
487     491   —  
Other179   —   180  —  —  
Total consumer loans11,378  23  26  49  11,427   23  
Total$46,539  $89  $86  $175  $46,714  $10  $145  
1Represents nonaccrual loans that are not past due more than 30 days; however, full payment of principal and interest is still not expected.
Credit Quality Indicators
In addition to the past-due and nonaccrual criteria, we also analyze loans using loan risk-grading systems, which vary based on the size and type of credit risk exposure. The internal risk grades assigned to loans follow our definitions of Pass, Special Mention, Substandard, and Doubtful, which are consistent with published definitions of regulatory risk classifications.
Definitions of Pass, Special Mention, Substandard, and Doubtful are summarized as follows:
Pass – A Pass asset is higher quality and does not fit any of the other categories described below. The likelihood of loss is considered low.
Special Mention – A Special Mention asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date.
Substandard – A Substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have well-defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank may sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful – A Doubtful asset has all the weaknesses inherent in a Substandard asset with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable.
We generally assign internal risk grades to commercial and CRE loans with commitments greater than $1 million based on financial and statistical models, individual credit analysis, and loan officer experience and judgment. For these larger loans, we assign one of multiple grades within the Pass classification or one of the following four grades: Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. Loss indicates that the outstanding balance has been charged off. We confirm our internal risk grades quarterly, or as soon as we identify information that affects the credit risk of the loan.
For consumer loans and certain small commercial and CRE loans with commitments less than or equal to $1 million, we generally assign internal risk grades similar to those described previously based on automated rules that depend on refreshed credit scores, payment performance, and other risk indicators. These are generally assigned either a Pass or Substandard grade and are reviewed as we identify information that might warrant a grade change.
Outstanding loan balances (accruing and nonaccruing) categorized by these credit quality classifications are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2019
(In millions)PassSpecial
mention
Sub-
standard
DoubtfulTotal
loans
Total
allowance
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$13,950  $394  $416  $—  $14,760  
Leasing312  20   —  334  
Owner-occupied7,587  68  246  —  7,901  
Municipal2,390  —   —  2,393  
Total commercial24,239  482  667  —  25,388  $341  
Commercial real estate:
Construction and land development2,193  15   —  2,211  
Term9,234  42  68  —  9,344  
Total commercial real estate11,427  57  71  —  11,555  101  
Consumer:
Home equity credit line2,902  —  15  —  2,917  
1-4 family residential7,523  —  45  —  7,568  
Construction and other consumer real estate623  —   —  624  
Bankcard and other revolving plans498  —   —  502  
Other155  —  —  —  155  
Total consumer loans11,701  —  65  —  11,766  53  
Total$47,367  $539  $803  $—  $48,709  $495  

December 31, 2018
(In millions)PassSpecial
mention
Sub-
standard
DoubtfulTotal
loans
Total
allowance
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$13,891  $322  $300  $—  $14,513  
Leasing313  10   —  327  
Owner-occupied7,369  72  220  —  7,661  
Municipal1,632   27  —  1,661  
Total commercial23,205  406  551  —  24,162  $331  
Commercial real estate:
Construction and land development2,174  11   —  2,186  
Term8,853  10  76  —  8,939  
Total commercial real estate11,027  21  77  —  11,125  110  
Consumer:
Home equity credit line2,920  —  17  —  2,937  
1-4 family residential7,129  —  47  —  7,176  
Construction and other consumer real estate641  —   —  643  
Bankcard and other revolving plans488  —   —  491  
Other179  —   —  180  
Total consumer loans11,357  —  70  —  11,427  54  
Total$45,589  $427  $698  $—  $46,714  $495  
Impaired Loans
Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled interest payments. If a nonaccrual loan has a balance greater than $1 million, or if a loan is a TDR, including TDRs that subsequently default, or if the loan is no longer reported as a TDR, we individually evaluate the loan for impairment and estimate a specific reserve for the loan for all portfolio segments under applicable accounting guidance. Smaller nonaccrual loans are pooled for ALLL estimation purposes.
When a loan is impaired, we estimate a specific reserve for the loan based on the projected present value of the loan’s future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the observable market price of the loan, or the fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral. The process of estimating future cash flows also incorporates the same determining factors discussed previously under nonaccrual loans. When we base the impairment amount on the fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral, we generally charge-off the portion of the balance that is impaired, such that these loans do not have a specific reserve in the ALLL. Payments received on impaired loans that are accruing are recognized in interest income, according to the contractual loan agreement. Payments received on impaired loans that are on nonaccrual are not recognized in interest income, but are applied as a reduction to the principal outstanding. The amount of interest income recognized on a cash basis during the time the loans were impaired within the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was not significant.
Information on impaired loans individually evaluated is summarized as follows, including the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:
December 31, 2019Year Ended
December 31, 2019
(In millions)
Unpaid
principal
balance
Recorded investmentTotal
recorded
investment
Related
allowance
Average
recorded
investment
Interest
income
recognized
with no
allowance
with
allowance
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$132  $48  $56  $104  $ $103  $ 
Owner-occupied53  27  24  51   61   
Municipal—  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Total commercial185  75  80  155   164   
Commercial real estate:
Construction and land development—  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Term18  15   17  —  34  —  
Total commercial real estate18  15   17  —  34  —  
Consumer:
Home equity credit line14  10   13  —  15   
1-4 family residential52  26  18  44   56   
Construction and other consumer real estate
—  —  —  —  —   —  
Other—  —  —  —  —   —  
Total consumer loans66  36  21  57   74   
Total$269  $126  $103  $229  $10  $272  $ 
December 31, 2018Year Ended
December 31, 2018
(In millions)
Unpaid
principal
balance
Recorded investmentTotal
recorded
investment
Related
allowance
Average
recorded
investment
Interest
income
recognized
with no
allowance
with
allowance
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$112  $52  $36  $88  $ $83  $—  
Owner-occupied67  31  29  60   47   
Municipal  —   —   —  
Total commercial180  84  65  149   131   
Commercial real estate:
Construction and land development —  —  —  —   —  
Term44  37   40  —  41   
Total commercial real estate45  37   40  —  42   
Consumer:
Home equity credit line15  12   14  —  13  —  
1-4 family residential69  32  25  57   51  —  
Construction and other consumer real estate
  —   —   —  
Other—  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Total consumer loans85  45  27  72   65  —  
Total$310  $166  $95  $261  $ $238  $ 

Modified and Restructured Loans
Loans may be modified in the normal course of business for competitive reasons or to strengthen the Bank’s position. Loan modifications and restructurings may also occur when the borrower experiences financial difficulty and needs temporary or permanent relief from the original contractual terms of the loan. Loans that have been modified to accommodate a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulties, and for which the Bank has granted a concession that it would not otherwise consider, are considered TDRs.
We consider many factors in determining whether to agree to a loan modification involving concessions, and we seek a solution that will both minimize potential loss to the Bank and attempt to help the borrower. We evaluate borrowers’ current and forecasted future cash flows, their ability and willingness to make current contractual or proposed modified payments, the value of the underlying collateral (if applicable), the possibility of obtaining additional security or guarantees, and the potential costs related to a repossession or foreclosure and the subsequent sale of the collateral.
TDRs are classified as either accrual or nonaccrual loans. A loan on nonaccrual and restructured as a TDR will remain on nonaccrual status until the borrower has proven the ability to perform under the modified structure for a minimum of six months, and there is evidence that such payments can and are likely to continue as agreed. Performance prior to the restructuring, or significant events that coincide with the restructuring, are included in assessing whether the borrower can meet the new terms and may result in the loan being returned to accrual at the time of restructuring or after a shorter performance period. If the borrower’s ability to meet the revised payment schedule is uncertain, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan. A TDR loan that specifies an interest rate that at the time of the restructuring is greater than or equal to the rate the Bank is willing to accept for a new loan with comparable risk may not be reported as a TDR or an impaired loan in the calendar years subsequent to the restructuring if it is in compliance with its modified terms.
Selected information on TDRs at year-end that includes the recorded investment on an accruing and nonaccruing basis by loan class and modification type is summarized in the following schedules:
December 31, 2019
Recorded investment resulting from the following modification types: 
Interest
rate below
market
Maturity
or term
extension
Principal
forgiveness
Payment
deferral
Other1
Multiple
modification
types2
Total
Accruing
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$ $ $—  $—  $ $ $16  
Owner-occupied  —  —    15  
Total commercial  —  —  12  12  31  
Commercial real estate:
Construction and land development—  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Term —  —   —    
Total commercial real estate —  —   —    
Consumer:
Home equity credit line—    —  —   11  
1-4 family residential   —   22  29  
Construction and other consumer real estate
—   —  —  —  —   
Total consumer loans  11  —   24  41  
Total accruing$ $ $11  $ $13  $39  $78  
Nonaccruing
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$—  $ $—  $20  $ $22  $50  
Owner-occupied —  —  —    10  
Municipal—  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Total commercial  —  20   26  60  
Commercial real estate:
Construction and land development—  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Term —  —  —     
Total commercial real estate —  —  —     
Consumer:
Home equity credit line—  —   —  —  —   
1-4 family residential—  —   —     
Construction and other consumer real estate
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Total consumer loans—  —   —     
Total nonaccruing   20   33  75  
Total$13  $11  $14  $21  $22  $72  $153  
1Includes TDRs that resulted from other modification types including, but not limited to, a legal judgment awarded on different terms, a bankruptcy plan confirmed on different terms, a settlement that includes the delivery of collateral in exchange for debt reduction, etc.
2Includes TDRs that resulted from a combination of any of the previous modification types.
December 31, 2018
Recorded investment resulting from the following modification types: 
(In millions)
Interest
rate below
market
Maturity
or term
extension
Principal
forgiveness
Payment
deferral
Other1
Multiple
modification
types2
Total
Accruing
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$ $ $—  $—  $15  $ $28  
Owner-occupied  —  —   14  21  
Total commercial  —  —  17  21  49  
Commercial real estate:
Construction and land development—  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Term  —   —   11  
Total commercial real estate  —   —   11  
Consumer:
Home equity credit line—    —  —   12  
1-4 family residential     28  39  
Construction and other consumer real estate
—  —  —  —  —    
Total consumer loans  14    32  52  
Total accruing$ $11  $14  $ $18  $59  $112  
Nonaccruing
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$ $ $—  $ $10  $27  $45  
Owner-occupied —  —     14  
Municipal—  —  —  —  —    
Total commercial  —   12  33  60  
Commercial real estate:
Construction and land development—  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Term —  —   14   20  
Total commercial real estate —  —   14   20  
Consumer:
Home equity credit line—  —   —  —  —   
1-4 family residential—  —   —     
Construction and other consumer real estate
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Total consumer loans—  —   —    10  
Total nonaccruing10     27  41  90  
Total$18  $17  $16  $ $45  $100  $202  
1Includes TDRs that resulted from other modification types including, but not limited to, a legal judgment awarded on different terms, a bankruptcy plan confirmed on different terms, a settlement that includes the delivery of collateral in exchange for debt reduction, etc.
2Includes TDRs that resulted from a combination of any of the previous modification types.
Unfunded lending commitments on TDRs amounted to approximately $5 million at December 31, 2019, and $11 million at December 31, 2018.
The total recorded investment of all TDRs in which interest rates were modified below market was $73 million at December 31, 2019, and $88 million at December 31, 2018, respectively. These loans are included in the previous schedule in the columns for interest rate below market and multiple modification types.
The net financial impact on interest income due to interest rate modifications below market for accruing TDRs is summarized in the following schedule:
(In millions)20192018
Consumer:
1-4 family residential$—  $(1) 
Total consumer loans—  (1) 
Total decrease to interest income 1
$—  $(1) 
1Calculated based on the difference between the modified rate and the premodified rate applied to the recorded investment.
On an ongoing basis, we monitor the performance of all TDRs according to their restructured terms. Subsequent payment default is defined in terms of delinquency, when principal or interest payments are past due 90 days or more for commercial loans, or 60 days or more for consumer loans.
The recorded investment of accruing and nonaccruing TDRs that had a payment default during the period listed below (and are still in default at year-end) and are within 12 months or less of being modified as TDRs is as follows:
(In millions)December 31, 2019December 31, 2018
AccruingNonaccruingTotalAccruingNonaccruingTotal
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$—  $—  $—  $—  $ $ 
Owner-occupied—    —    
Total commercial—    —    
Commercial real estate:
Term—  —  —  —    
Total commercial real estate—  —  —  —    
Total$—  $ $ $—  $ $ 
Note: Total loans modified as TDRs during the 12 months previous to December 31, 2019 and 2018 were $40 million and $105 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the Bank was less than $1 million and $2 million, respectively. The recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure was $8 million and $10 million for the same periods, respectively.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Credit risk is the possibility of loss from the failure of a borrower, guarantor, or another obligor to fully perform under the terms of a credit-related contract. Credit risks (whether on- or off-balance sheet) may occur when individual borrowers, groups of borrowers, or counterparties have similar economic characteristics, including industries, geographies, collateral types, sponsors, etc., and are similarly affected by changes in economic or other conditions. Credit risk also includes the loss that would be recognized subsequent to the reporting date if counterparties failed to perform as contracted. See Note 7 for a discussion of counterparty risk associated with the Bank’s derivative transactions.
We perform an ongoing analysis of our loan portfolio to evaluate whether there is any significant exposure to any concentrations of credit risk. Based on this analysis, we believe that the loan portfolio is generally well diversified; however, there are certain significant concentrations in CRE and oil and gas-related lending. Further, we cannot guarantee that we have fully understood or mitigated all risk concentrations or correlated risks. We have adopted and adhere to concentration limits on various types of CRE lending, particularly construction and land development lending, leveraged and enterprise value lending, municipal lending, and oil and gas-related lending. All of these limits are continually monitored and revised as necessary.