Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Taxes

Schedule Components of loss before income taxes and the provision for income taxes

The components of loss before income taxes and the income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, by jurisdiction, are as follows (in thousands):

	2019						2018						2017
	U.S.		Foreign		Total		U.S.		Foreign		Total		U.S.		Foreign		Total
Loss before income taxes	$	(83,910)	$	(1,555)	$	(85,465)	$	(85,925)	$	(1,407)	$	(87,332)	$	(125,871)	$	(1,209)	$	(127,080)
Income tax benefit		—		—		—		9,217		—		9,217		—		—		—
Net loss attributable to the Company	$	(83,910)	$	(1,555)	$	(85,465)	$	(76,708)	$	(1,407)	$	(78,115)	$	(125,871)	$	(1,209)	$	(127,080)

Schedule of Significant Components of Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The significant components of deferred income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, by jurisdiction, are as follows (in thousands):

	2019						2018						2017
	U.S.		Foreign		Total		U.S.		Foreign		Total		U.S.		Foreign		Total
Deferred tax (benefit) expense	$	(8,910)	$	(426)	$	(9,336)	$	(10,182)	$	933	$	(9,249)	$	7,675	$	(531)	$	7,144
Net operating loss carryforward generated		(7,254)		(270)		(7,524)		(10,038)		(665)		(10,703)		(19,117)		(17)		(19,134)
Rate change impact on net operating loss carryforwards		—		—		—		—		—		—		23,609		—		23,609
Valuation allowance increase (decrease)		16,164		696		16,860		11,003		(268)		10,735		(12,167)		548		(11,619)
Provision for income taxes	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(9,217)	$	—	$	(9,217)	$	—	$	—	$	—

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The Company’s effective income tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate as follows:

	2019		2018		2017
U.S. Federal statutory tax rate	(21.0)	%	(21.0)	%	(35.0)	%
Deferred state taxes	1.2	%	(1.9)	%	(1.4)	%
Common stock warrant liability	—	%	(1.0)	%	4.2	%
Provision to return and deferred tax asset adjustments	—	%	—	%	5.9	%
Change in U.S. Federal statutory tax rate	—	%	—	%	33.5	%
Other, net	(0.5)	%	0.4	%	2.0	%
Change in valuation allowance	20.3	%	12.9	%	(9.2)	%
	0.0	%	(10.6)	%	0.0	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	U.S.				Foreign				Total
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Intangible assets	$	—	$	—	$	1,197	$	1,146	$	1,197	$	1,146
Deferred revenue		7,898		9,304		129		—		8,027		9,304
Interest expense		11,299		5,239		—		—		11,299		5,239
Other reserves and accruals		699		592		—		—		699		592
Tax credit carryforwards		2,590		1,865		1,253		1,200		3,843		3,065
Amortization of stock-based compensation		9,081		8,442		—		—		9,081		8,442
Non-compensatory warrants		4,322		3,597		—		—		4,322		3,597
Capitalized research & development expenditures		22,601		19,116		4,483		4,294		27,084		23,410
Right of use liability (operating leases)		39,237		16,715		—		—		39,237		16,715
Net operating loss carryforwards		54,947		49,058		9,576		9,306		64,523		58,364
Total deferred tax asset		152,674		113,928		16,638		15,946		169,312		129,874
Valuation allowance		(100,731)		(84,567)		(16,622)		(15,926)		(117,353)		(100,493)
Net deferred tax assets	$	51,943	$	29,361	$	16	$	20	$	51,959	$	29,381
Intangible assets		(15)		(37)		—		—		(15)		(37)
Convertible debt		(7,718)		(9,217)		—		—		(7,718)		(9,217)
Right of use asset (operating leases)		(40,298)		(18,066)		—		—		(40,298)		(18,066)
Other reserves and accruals		—		—		(16)		(20)		(16)		(20)
Property, plant and equipment and right of use assets		(3,912)		(2,041)		—		—		(3,912)		(2,041)
Deferred tax liability	$	(51,943)	$	(29,361)	$	(16)	$	(20)	$	(51,959)	$	(29,381)
Net	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Schedule of Valuation Allowance

A reconciliation of the current year change in valuation allowance is as follows (in thousands):

	U.S.		Foreign		Total
Increase in valuation allowance for current year increase in net operating losses	$	7,254	$	368	$	7,622
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance for current year net increase (decrease) in deferred tax assets other than net operating losses		11,845		(59)		11,786
Decrease in valuation allowance as a result of foreign currency fluctuation		(2,935)		—		(2,935)
Increase in valuation allowance due to change in tax rates		—		387		387
Net increase in valuation allowance	$	16,164	$	696	$	16,860