10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

(Mark One)

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007; OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM              TO             

Commission File Number 001-32160

AXESSTEL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Nevada   91-1982205

State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

6815 Flanders Drive, Suite 210,

San Diego, California

  92121
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (858) 625-2100

Securities Registered under Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class   Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock   American Stock Exchange

Securities Registered under Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b(2) of the Exchange Act. (Check one).

 

Large accelerated filer ¨

  Accelerated filer ¨  

Non-accelerated filer x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x.

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing stock price of the Common Stock reported on the American Stock Exchange on June 30, 2007 was approximately $21.6 million. Shares of Common Stock held by each officer and director and by each person who owns 10% or more of the outstanding Common Stock of the registrant have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, as of March 28, 2008 was 23,228,982.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after registrant’s fiscal year end December 31, 2007 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

AXESSTEL, INC.

FORM 10-K—ANNUAL REPORT

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2007

Table of Contents

 

Part I

      1

Item 1.

   Business    1

Item 1A.

   Risk Factors    10

Item 1B.

   Unresolved Staff Comments    24

Item 2.

   Properties    24

Item 3.

   Legal Proceedings    24

Item 4.

   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    24

Part II

      25

Item 5.

   Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities    25

Item 6.

   Selected Financial Data    27

Item 7.

   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    28

Item 7A.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    42

Item 8.

   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data    42

Item 9.

   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure    43

Item 9A.

   Controls and Procedures    43

Item 9B.

   Other Information    44

Part III

      45

Item 10.

   Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance    45

Item 11.

   Executive Compensation    45

Item 12.

   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters    45

Item 13.

   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence    45

Item 14.

   Principal Accountant Fees and Services    45

Part IV

      46

Item 15.

   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules    47

Except where the context otherwise requires, all references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to (a) the “Registrant”, the “Company”, “Axesstel”, “we” or “our” refer to Axesstel, Inc., a Nevada corporation.


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PART I

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report, including the sections entitled “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events, our future financial performance, growth of our target market and growth of the worldwide telecommunications markets, future demand for our products, and similar expectations. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continues” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These risks and other factors include those listed under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements as they reflect our management’s view only as of the date of this report. We will not update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date on which such statement is made.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Axesstel designs, develops, and markets fixed wireless voice and broadband data products for the worldwide telecommunications market. Our product portfolio includes fixed wireless desktop phones, public call office phones, voice/data terminals, broadband modems, and 3G gateway devices for access to voice calling and high-speed data services. Our products have similar functionality to phones and modems that use traditional landline telecommunications network; however, they leverage wireless 2.5 and 3G networks to provide voice and broadband data services in areas without landline infrastructure or where wireless networks are used as an alternative to existing landline infrastructure.

Most of our products sold to date have been based on CDMA2000 (3G Code Division Multiple Access) 1X and 1xEV-DO technology. We are increasing our focus on GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) technologies to enhance our product offering and to expand our market. We are also increasing our focus on high speed data products. In the coming months we expect to introduce products leveraging leading-edge data technologies, including EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution), HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Package Access) and HSUPA (High-Speed Uplink Packet Access).

Axesstel has shipped over 4 million products to over 54 operators, serving over 40 countries worldwide. We currently sell our products to telecommunications service providers in developing countries where large segments of the population do not have telephone service. At present, our principal customers are Telecommunications Movilnet C.A., in Venezuela, Telefonica Moviles, S.A. in Latin America, and Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) in India. Historically, the majority of our revenues have come from sales of fixed wireless phones. Increasingly our revenues are coming from the sale of high speed data products. In 2007, 42 percent of our revenues were derived from sales of data products. We anticipate that sales of data products will continue to grow at a 50% rate, and will constitute a majority of our sales for 2008.

Market Opportunity

According to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), there are 6.7 billion people in the world, but only about 3.4 billion have any access to either wireless or wire-line telecommunication services. That leaves 3.3 billion people, or approximately 50% of the world’s population, without even basic access to voice and data services. Outside of Europe and North America, telephone penetration is less than 10% of the worldwide population.

 

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Telecommunications Services in Developing Areas

Developing countries within Asia, Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe and Latin America, such as India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Philippines, Vietnam, China, Iraq, South Africa, Brazil, Venezuela and Russia are among the world’s fastest growing emerging telecommunications markets. Within these areas, landline telecommunications networks typically are limited to densely populated urban areas because the cost of deploying landline telecommunications networks in developing areas has proven economically unfeasible. As a result, people living outside of urban areas or in unwired regions within urban areas generally do not have access to telephone or internet services. Since deployment of landline telecommunications networks in these regions has proven to be expensive, services have therefore been limited to the wealthiest portions of the population.

Changes in the worldwide telecommunications industry, and specifically in the wireless sector of the industry, have substantially increased the economic feasibility of deploying wireless telecommunications services to developing areas.

These changes include:

 

   

advances in wireless technology and manufacturing, which have reduced infrastructure costs for network operators and equipment costs for consumers and increased the subscriber capacity on wireless networks;

 

   

emergence of creative subscriber plans, such as pre-paid phone plans, which have driven rapid subscriber growth; and

 

   

reduced government tariffs and increased government subsidies, which have encouraged the growth of telecommunications networks.

As a result of these factors, the geographic reach of wireless networks has expanded. The governments of these countries recognize that their populations need access to reliable voice and internet services in order to improve socioeconomic conditions. As a result, we expect the demand for voice and data services to increase in these regions.

Wireless Transmission Standards

CDMA technology has emerged as one of the leading standards for wireless wide area networks (WWAN). CDMA is a “spread spectrum” technology, which allows multi users to simultaneously occupy and utilize the same frequency spectrum in a given band by assigning unique logical codes to each communication channel that differentiates it from others in the same spectrum. Given the finite wireless spectrum resources available, CDMA allows more efficient sharing of the airwaves among multiple users and more dynamic network system planning for the operators than some alternative technologies.

An alternative standard, the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the world’s most popular standard for mobile phones. The ubiquity of the GSM standard facilitates international roaming between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world. For network service providers the GSM standard provides the ability to deploy equipment from different vendors because the open standard allows easy inter-operability.

As the GSM standard has continued to develop, it has integrated data capabilities while retaining backward compatibility with the original GSM phones. The standard was enhanced to add packet data capabilities by means of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). GPRS can be utilized for services such as Short Message Service and Multimedia Message Service, but also for Internet communication services such as email and web access.

Higher speed data transmission has also been introduced by Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) which provides for increased data transmission rates and improve data transmission reliability. It is generally

 

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classified as a 2.75G network technology. EDGE has been introduced into GSM networks around the world since 2003, initially in North America. It can be used for any packet switched applications such as an Internet connection.

Newer versions of wireless network technologies, popularly known as 3G, include CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (Evolution Data Optimized). This technology improves the ability to deliver high-speed data access to wireless devices and has been designed to provide wireless access speeds comparable to digital subscriber line, or DSL, and cable modems. Subscribers can attain wireless access to data at maximum speeds of up to 2.4 Mbps (Rev.0) or 3.1Mbps (Rev.A) on CDMA2000 1xEV-DO networks.

Another widely deployed global 3G WWAN technology is known as WCDMA (Wideband CDMA). Even though WCDMA shares a lot of the similar underlying technologies as CDMA2000, WCDMA is a different WWAN technology that is mostly adopted by GSM operators for improved spectral efficiency and more importantly, increase network capacity. WCDMA has also evolved from 384kbps to the much higher speed HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) and HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) capable of data speed of up to 7.2Mbps downlink, 2.1Mbps uplink. Because of its strong connection to GSM technology, WCDMA and HSDPA are most popular in the Europe and Asia Pacific, and in some North and South American countries.

Broadband Data Applications

Telecommunications service providers continually are seeking high-margin, high-growth opportunities to complement their voice-based product offerings. Providing high-speed data access to existing voice customers’ enables operators to increase their revenue by leveraging their current infrastructure and customer base. Historically, high-speed data access was limited to businesses that could afford to purchase expensive hardware and pay the usage charges. As network costs have declined and technology and manufacturing advancements have developed, high-speed data access has increasingly become available for residential customers. In order to implement objectives to rollout high-speed data access, carriers are seeking cost-effective technologies to allow users without existing landlines, DSL or cable connections to access to high-speed data.

In areas that are inaccessible to DSL and cable, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO or HSUPA is an attractive option for telecommunications service providers to deploy. Even in markets where DSL and cable modems are offered, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO and HSUPA offer comparable speeds to DSL and cable and enable operators to capture market share with the added benefit of mobility. Utilizing the latest CDMA and HSUPA transmission standards, these areas can quickly be provided high-speed internet access and serve up a multitude of other horizontal and vertical data applications.

Products and Features

We offer fixed wireless desktop phones, public call office phones, voice/data terminals, fixed and mobile broadband modems and 3G gateway devices used for voice calling and high-speed data services in homes, retail locations, businesses, and public transportation and emergency response environments.

Fixed Wireless Desktop Phones

Our fixed wireless desktop phones are designed for voice and data usage in homes, businesses and retail locations. Our phones are offered in standard, enhanced, and durable models. Currently, we offer CDMA phones that operate in each of three frequency bands: 450 MHz, 800 MHz, and 1900 MHz. Our GSM phone line includes two dual band models (850/1900 MHz and 900/1800 MHz) and one quad-band model (850/900/1800/1900 MHz).

 

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The following tables list some of the features included in our fixed wireless phone product portfolio.

 

l: Standard    O : Not Available    n: Optional

CDMA/GSM Fixed Wireless Phones

 

Model

   PXQ20    PX100
Series
   PX200
Series
   PX300
Series
   L Series    PG110/PG120    PG130    PG530
   LOGO    LOGO    LOGO    LOGO    LOGO    LOGO    LOGO    LOGO

Voice

   l    l    l    l    l    l    l    l

SMS

   l    l    l    l    l    l    l    l

Data

   O    O    l    l    O    O    n    n

LCD Backlit

   l    l    l    l    l    l    l    l

Keypad Backlit

   l    l    O    l    O    l    l    l

SpeakerPhone

   l    l    l    l    n    l    l    l

RUIM/SIM

   n    n    n    n    n    l    l    l

FM Radio

   n    n    n    n    n    O    n    O

TNC Antenna

   l    O    l    O    l    O    l    O

Back-up Battery

   l    l    l    l    l    l    l    l

Fixed Wireless Public Call Office Phones

We have two fixed wireless public call office (PCO) phones that enable telecommunications service providers to offer telephone service for public locations that are not serviced by landline networks. Our attended PCO phone couples proprietary metering technology with our fixed wireless desktop phones, which displays in real-time the calling units used by the caller. Our unattended PCO phone converts a landline coin- or card-operated payphone into a wireless payphone by embedding our fixed wireless phone into the payphone itself.

 

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Fixed Wireless Voice/Data Terminals

Our fixed wireless terminal offers an affordable voice and high-speed data alternative to dial-up modems for areas not covered by a landline network. Users can plug their computers into the terminal for Internet access at data rates up to 153.6 kbps. In addition, users can plug any telephone into the terminal for voice service and any analog facsimile machine into the terminal for receiving and sending facsimiles. The following table lists some of the features included in our fixed wireless voice/data terminal.

 

l: Standard    O: Not Available    n: Optional

CDMA/GSM Fixed Wireless Terminals

 

Model

                 

TX200 Series

       

TG230

            LOGO       LOGO

Voice

            l       l

Data

            n       n

RUIM/SIM

            n       l

MeterPulse

            l       l

Analog Fax

            n       O

Back-up Battery

            l       l

 

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Broadband Modems and 3G Gateways

We currently offer three broadband modem product lines and one line of 3G gateways. Our first generation fixed wireless broadband modem offers EV-DO data only. The Advanced Series is our second generation fixed wireless broadband modem that includes EV-DO data, CDMA 1X voice, and fax capability. The modems enable many users in developing countries that have multi-user, networked environments to connect to the Internet. Our products provide a convenient network connection that does not require the installation of any drivers and can support routed networks with ease. Our broadband modems can support single-user connections as well as local area networks providing high-speed Internet access to both small businesses and residential users and data rates up to 2.4 Mbps. Our third line is comprised of portable broadband USB modems that allow users to access broadband data from the home, office or while traveling. The USB modems have been developed for operation on CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev A networks worldwide. We have announced plans to expand these devices for operation on Edge, HSDPA and HSUPA networks.

 

l: Standard    O: Not Available    n: Optional

3G Wireless Modems/Gateways

 

Model

  D Series   Adv. D Series   MV100 Series   MD130   MV400i Series   MV400 Series   MD430
  LOGO   LOGO   LOGO   LOGO   LOGO   LOGO   LOGO

EV-DO Data

  l   l   l   HSDPA   l   l   HSDPA

Ethernet Port

  l   l   O   O   l   l   l

USB Port

  l   l   l   l   l   l   l

Wi-Fi

  O   O   O   O   O   l   O

Voice

  O   l   n   n   O   O   O

Analog Fax

  O   n   O   O   O   O   O

Meter Pulse

  O   n   O   O   O   O   O

R-UIM/SIM

  O   O   n   l   n   n   l

Dual-Band

  O   n   n   Tri-Band   n   n   Tri-Band

Back-up Battery

  O   l   l   l   l   l   l

Our MV400 Series 3G gateways provide EV-DO Rev A data, a WiFi router, and a four port Ethernet switch for a complete desktop networking solution. They have been designed as a plug-and-play solution, with a convenient network connection and USB connection module embedded in the modem. The 3G gateways allow users to network multiple desktop and laptop PCs to 3G broadband data. The MV400 Series provides a data rate up to 3.1 Mbps. Axesstel has announced its plan to develop a new line of 3G gateways for operation on Edge, HSDPA and HSUPA networks.

 

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Customers

We sell a majority of our products to telecommunications service providers that provide wireless voice or data services in developing markets. The following table shows the percentage of our total revenues derived from various geographic regions in each of the last three fiscal years:

 

     2007    2006    2005

Revenues

        

Asia and Pacific Rim

   $ 18,670,977    $ 37,542,635    $ 68,909,960

Latin America

     47,882,684      53,610,255      25,223,126

Europe, Middle East, Africa

     15,849,424      4,299,339      388,125

United States and Canada

     32,300      67,445      144,500
                    

Total revenues

   $ 82,435,385    $ 95,519,674    $ 94,665,711
                    

Our principal customers currently are Telecommunications Movilnet C.A., in Venezuela, Telefonica Moviles, S.A., the wireless affiliate of Telefonica, S.A. in Latin America and Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) in India, each of which accounted for more then 10% of our total revenues in 2007. We supply products to Telefonica Moviles and Telecommunications Movilnet C.A. on a purchase order basis. In 2006, we were awarded a contract tender along with our Indian manufacturing partner XL Telecom Limited, to supply BSNL with 350,000 fixed wireless phones. We completed production of the 350,000 phones in 2006 and received follow-on orders in 2007.

We ended the year with a total of 54 customers in 40 countries. We believe that there are over 100 additional telecommunications service providers worldwide that have deployed or plan to deploy fixed wireless solutions or have deployed or plan to deploy solutions such as our data product solutions. In general, we sell our products on a negotiated fixed price-per-unit purchase order basis.

Two of our largest customers in 2006 and 2007 were in Venezuela. In 2007, we experienced substantial delays in payments for products due to government currency controls that significantly impacted our results of operations for the third and fourth quarter of 2007. Our international sales and operations are subject to inherent risks, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. See “Risk Factors” below.

Historically, our business was developed through the sale of wireless phones. 2006 was the first year that data products—modems and gateways—constituted a significant portion of our revenues. Data products accounted for $25.8 million or 27 percent of revenues in 2006. In 2007, data products accounted for $34.9 million or 42 percent of revenues. We expect to introduce over a dozen new products in 2008 including EDGE, HSDPA, and HSUPA data devices. We expect demand for data products to continue to grow in developing countries in 2008 and expect a 50% increase in revenues from data products in 2008 over 2007 levels.

Sales and Marketing

We manage and conduct the majority of our sales directly to telecommunications service providers worldwide. During 2006 we undertook an initiative to “localize” our sales force, and put our sales team closer to the customer. We divide our sales group in three principal regions: Americas, Europe Middle East and Africa (EMEA), and Asia. We expanded our sales and marketing team from nine members at the beginning of the year to 12 members as of December 31, 2007, consisting of employees and consultants who are located in the United States, Mexico, Venezuela, India, Holland and Spain. We supplement our presence in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Middle East through the hiring of local sales representatives or agents.

We have established and seek to establish strategic relationships with telecommunications infrastructure providers in order to promote our products. Our products are regularly included in bids by such service providers, which provides greater exposure for our products and brand.

 

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Manufacturing

At present, we use Wistron NeWeb Corporation (WNC) to manufacture the majority of our products. WNC provides us with a variety of manufacturing services, including component procurement, product manufacturing, final assembly, testing, quality control, fulfillment and delivery services. WNC generally procures all raw materials, and holds work-in-process and finished good inventory for our products. We believe outsourcing through WNC provides us with flexibility and allows us to:

 

   

focus on research and development, design, sales and marketing;

 

   

realize economies of scale;

 

   

access high-quality manufacturing resources and personnel;

 

   

scale production rapidly;

 

   

reduce working capital investment; and

 

   

reduce capital equipment costs and equipment obsolescence risk.

We commenced large-scale product manufacturing with WNC at the beginning of 2004. Our manufacturing arrangement with WNC is designed to allow us to fulfill high-volume orders with short lead-times. We manage our relationship with WNC to focus on improvements in design-for-manufacturing, test procedures, quality, cost optimization and production scheduling. WNC presently has two high speed production lines in mainland China dedicated to high volume production, and the ability to add additional lines to match future capacity needs. We work with WNC in sourcing components for our products in an effort to reduce costs, ensure the quality of the components we purchase and mitigate against the risk that components are not available at the time we need the components to fulfill our customer orders. We believe WNC provides flexibility and scalability to our manufacturing operations.

In 2006, we entered into an agreement with XL Telecom Limited, headquartered in Hyderabad, India. This agreement allows us to participate on public tenders in India where the manufacturing must be completed in country. To date we have produced in excess of 700,000 units and delivered them on a partially assembled or semi-knockdown basis to XL Telecom who then completes the production and testing and delivers them to the customer. We completed fulfillment of the public tender with XLTelecom Limited in 2007 and are not currently manufacturing under this arrangement.

In the third quarter of 2005, we opened a manufacturing facility in Korea. As we entered 2006, our production volumes for this facility did not support the overhead. During the third quarter of 2006 we sold our Korean manufacturing center to BroadTel Inc. and formed an outsource arrangement with them to build our low volume, high mix products. This relationship allows us to reduce our fixed costs as well as focus more of our internal resources on design and development.

Under the terms of our supply agreement with each of WNC and BroadTel, we submit purchase orders for finished goods. Our manufacturers purchase and maintain inventories of components and subassemblies against a rolling forecast of orders that we provide to them on a monthly basis. We only take goods into inventory when the finished goods are delivered to us and title and risk of loss transfers. Because we generally order finished goods upon receipt of an order from our customer, finished goods are typically shipped directly from our manufacturer to the customer. As a result, we do not hold the goods in inventory. Occasionally we experience a cancellation of a customer order, and the customer refuses shipment. Under the terms of our agreements with our manufacturers, we can defer delivery of goods for certain proscribed periods of time. During that time, we will attempt to sell the goods to another customer. If we are unsuccessful in selling them before the deferral period expires, the manufacturer delivers the finished goods to us and we take the goods into inventory.

We may enter into manufacturing relationships with other manufacturing partners in low labor cost regions, such as Brazil and India. We are evaluating whether this approach will allow us to increase our manufacturing capacity and lower our unit costs.

 

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Research and Development

We focus on developing innovative fixed wireless high-speed solutions to address opportunities presented by next generation wireless networks. In the fourth quarter of 2007, we restructured some of our workforce and reduced headcount. We have increased our use of outsourced design and engineering services, particularly with respect to our phones and lower end commodity products. As of December 31, 2007, we had 32 engineers, 22 of which are located in our South Korean research and development center and 10 of which are based in our San Diego facility. Our engineers are categorized into the following groups: hardware, mechanical, and software. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, our research and development expenses were $7.1 million, $5.9 million and $5.5 million, respectively. The increase in 2007 was mainly attributable to increases in outside certification test fees and outside development of prototype products in the development of both our phone and data products.

Intellectual Property

We protect our intellectual property through a combination of patents, trademarks, trade secrets, licenses, non-disclosure agreements and contractual provisions. Generally, we enter into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and third parties that have access to our proprietary technology.

We have entered into a license agreement with Qualcomm under which we were granted a worldwide, nonexclusive, royalty-bearing license to Qualcomm’s CDMA technology to make, sell and lease fixed wireless CDMA and WCDMA-based products. The license agreement may be terminated by Qualcomm upon an uncured material breach of the license agreement by us. We have also entered into various software agreements with Qualcomm to license its software to use with our products that incorporate Qualcomm’s CDMA technology. These agreements are effective as long as the license agreement is effective. We intend to purchase additional software from Qualcomm that would be required for our newly proposed products.

We cannot be certain that any patent application we may file will result in the issuance of a patent. From time to time, we may encounter disputes over rights and obligations concerning intellectual property. While we believe that our product and service offerings do not infringe the intellectual property rights of any third party, we cannot assure you that we will prevail in any intellectual property dispute.

Competition

The market for fixed wireless products is highly competitive and we expect competition to increase. We primarily compete against established companies such as LG Electronics, Inc., Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., and ZTE Corporation. As we increase our development initiatives in data products, we will face competition from additional established companies. In addition, there is always potential for new competition to enter our target markets.

We believe that we compete principally on the basis of design functionality, reliability, quality, price and ease of deployment, installation and use. We believe that we compete favorably with our competitors based on these factors. Some of our competitors offer bundled end-to-end packages, which may be more appealing to network operators seeking to use a single supplier of both phones and infrastructure.

Many of our current and future competitors may, and all of the competitors named above, have significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources as well as greater purchasing power than we do. These greater resources may allow these competitors to obtain better manufacturing prices and efficiencies than we have. Although we believe we compete effectively in our markets, remaining competitive will require substantial investments by us to continue to develop innovative products at reduced costs. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to compete successfully.

 

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Employees

In the fourth quarter of 2007, we restructured our workforce and reduced headcount in an effort to lower operating expenses and implement our outsource design and engineering program. As of December 31, 2007, we had a total of 63 full-time employees, down from 87 employees at the beginning of the year. Of the 63 employees, 23 are located in the United States, 37 are located in South Korea, and one each in China, Holland, and India. In the United States, 10 are involved in product design and development, 10 are involved in general and administrative functions, and three are involved in sales and marketing. In South Korea, 22 of our employees are involved in product design and development, 12 are involved in operations, and three are involved in administration. We also use the services of consultants. At December 31, 2007, we had a total of nine consultants, seven performing sales activities and one performing product development. We have never had a work stoppage, and none of our employees are represented by a labor organization or under any collective bargaining arrangements. We believe our relationships with our employees are good.

Governmental Regulation

Our products are incorporated into commercial wireless communications systems that are subject to regulation domestically by the Federal Communications Commission and internationally by other government agencies. Although the equipment operators are usually responsible for compliance with these regulations, regulatory changes, including changes in the allocation of available frequency spectrum, could negatively affect our business by restricting development efforts by our customers, making current products obsolete or increasing the opportunity for additional competition. In addition, the increasing demand for wireless telecommunications has exerted pressure on regulatory bodies worldwide to adopt new standards for these products, generally following extensive investigation of and deliberation over competing technologies. The delays inherent in this governmental approval process have in the past caused and may in the future cause the cancellation, postponement or rescheduling of the installation of communications systems by our customers.

Available Information

Our Form 10-K reports, along with all other reports and amendments filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), are publicly available free of charge on the Investor Relations section of our website at www.axesstel.com as soon as reasonably practicable after these materials are filed with or furnished to the SEC. Our corporate governance policies, ethics code and Board of Directors’ committee charters are also posted within this section of the website. The information on our website is not part of this or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that site is www.sec.gov.

 

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our ability to implement our business strategy and achieve the intended operating results is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the ones identified below, and additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial.

If we cannot achieve and sustain profitable operations, we may need to raise additional capital to continue our operations, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and which may dilute your investment.

We have incurred significant net losses to date. We incurred a net loss of $9.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007; a net loss of $6.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, and a net loss of $10.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. At December 31, 2007, we had an accumulated deficit of $37.7 million and a working capital deficit of $2.9 million. Achieving and sustaining profitability will require us to increase our revenues, reduce our manufacturing costs and manage our operating and administrative expenses. We cannot guarantee that we will be successful in achieving and then maintaining profitability and eliminating

 

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our accumulated deficit. If we are unable to generate sufficient revenues to pay our expenses and our existing sources of cash and cash flows are otherwise insufficient to fund our activities, we will need to raise additional funds to continue our operations. These funds may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. Furthermore, if we issue equity or debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. If we are unsuccessful in maintaining profitability and reducing our accumulated deficit, and we cannot obtain additional funds on commercially reasonable terms or at all, we may be required to curtail significantly or cease our operations, which could result in the loss of all of your investment in our stock.

Our Auditors have expressed substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to continue as a going concern, we may be required to substantially revise our business plan or cease operations.

As of the date of our most recent audit, we had not generated sufficient revenues to meet our cash flow needs. As a result, our auditors have expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Although we have generated revenue, we are still operating at a net loss. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain sufficient funds from our operating or financing activities to support our continued operations. If we cannot continue as a going concern, we may need to substantially revise our business plan or cease operations, which may reduce or negate the value of your investment.

Our international sales and operations subject us to various risks associated with, among other things, foreign laws, policies, economies and exchange rate fluctuations.

Our primary target markets include Asia, EMEA, and Latin America. Our largest customer in 2007 resided in Venezuela, and we experienced long payment cycles in collecting accounts receivables due to government currency exchange controls. As of the date of this report, we continue to receive orders from customers in Venezuela and are continuing to receive payments from Venezuelan customers. In 2008, we entered into an agreement with a distributor that provides us payment based upon a letter of credit to help mitigate these long payment cycles.

All of our international sales and operations are subject to inherent risks, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. These risks affecting our international sales and operations include:

 

   

longer payment cycles and greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable;

 

   

changes in a specific country’s or region’s political or economic conditions, particularly in emerging markets, where substantially all of our customers are located;

 

   

difficulties in complying with foreign regulatory requirements applicable to our operations and products;

 

   

difficulties in obtaining domestic and foreign export, import and other governmental approvals, permits and licenses and compliance with foreign laws, including employment laws;

 

   

difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, including work stoppages or strikes and cultural differences in the conduct of business, labor and other workforce requirements and inadequate local infrastructure;

 

   

trade restrictions or higher tariffs, quotas, taxes and other market barriers;

 

   

transportation delays and difficulties of managing international distribution channels;

 

   

political and economic instability, including wars, terrorism, political unrest, boycotts, curtailment of trade and other business restrictions; and

 

   

public health emergencies such as SARS and avian bird flu.

 

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These international risks make our ability to meet the demand for wireless products unpredictable. In addition, because all of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, changes in foreign currency exchange rates affect the market price for our products in countries in which they are sold. If the currency of a particular country weakens against the U.S. dollar, the cost of our products in that country may increase to the service provider and end user, which may result in the service provider or end user choosing to purchase the products of one of our competitors instead of our products.

We expect our operating results to fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis, which could cause our stock price to fluctuate or decline.

We believe that our operating results may fluctuate substantially from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year for a variety of reasons, many of which are beyond our control. Factors that could affect our quarterly and annual operating results include those listed below as well as others listed in this “Risk Factors” section:

 

   

our current reliance on large-volume orders from only a few customers;

 

   

the receipt and shipment of large orders or reductions in these orders;

 

   

variability between customer and product mix;

 

   

changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;

 

   

the introduction of new products or product enhancements by us or our competitors;

 

   

changes in the terms of our arrangements with customers or suppliers;

 

   

ability of our customers to accurately forecast demand for our products by their end users;

 

   

general economic conditions in developing countries which are in our target markets;

 

   

the timing of final product approvals from any major customer;

 

   

delays or failures to fulfill orders for our products on a timely basis;

 

   

the ability of our customers to obtain letters of credit that are satisfactory to us and our ability to confirm them in a timely manner;

 

   

our inability to forecast our manufacturing needs;

 

   

delays in the introduction of new or enhanced products by us or market acceptance of these products;

 

   

our ability to finance our working capital needs;

 

   

change in the financial position of our manufacturer;

 

   

the availability and cost of raw materials and components for our products;

 

   

limited use of our net operating loss carry-forwards;

 

   

an increase in product warranty returns or in our allowance for doubtful accounts; and

 

   

operational disruptions, such as transportation delays or failures of our order processing system.

A substantial portion of our sales in a given quarter may depend on obtaining orders for products to be manufactured and shipped in the same quarter in which those orders are received. As a result of these factors, period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful, and you should not rely on them as an indication of our future performance. In addition, our operating results may fall below the expectations of public market analysts or investors. In this event, our stock price could decline significantly.

 

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An increasing portion of our business has shifted to sales under open credit terms, increasing our need for working capital. The transition to credit terms may create difficulties in the collection of our accounts receivable. In addition, we may need to maintain greater working capital in the future, and if we fail to obtain sufficient working capital we may have to limit our acceptance of customer purchase orders.

Our sales in different geographic regions have typically followed commercial practices for those regions. In our Asia and EMEA markets, we customarily accept customer orders based on prepayment terms or letters of credit. This generally enables us to maintain a low level of working capital because we are able to quickly collect payment for the products that we deliver and pay our third-party manufacturers and vendors. If there are any discrepancies with the documents presented by the manufacturers, the freight forwarder or us, it may cause the letters of credit to be invalid or payment to be delayed. If a letter of credit is issued late or we experience problems collecting on letters of credit, shipments will be delayed, which may cause us to miss our quarterly financial projections.

In our Latin America market, we customarily accept customer orders based on open credit terms. Due to increased sales activity from this region, we have been required to maintain a greater level of working capital and to borrow money in order to pay our manufacturer and third-party vendors. During the third and fourth quarters of 2007, slow payments from our customers in Venezuela resulted in a working capital shortfall. We were behind in payments to WNC which resulted in shipment delays that impacted our results of operations in the fourth quarter of 2007. We have entered into a distribution arrangement for Venezuela with a distributor that provides us with letters of credit. To the extent that current or future customers are unable or unwilling to establish letters of credit acceptable to us, we would need to have greater working capital in order to fulfill such customers’ orders. In such an event, we would be subject to greater collections risks and might be precluded from accepting large orders from these customers due to limitations on our working capital. Any inability to accept orders could harm our ability to meet our projections and reduce our revenues.

We depend on a single third-party manufacturer to produce a majority of our products.

We currently rely on WNC to manufacture almost all of our products. We expect to continue to rely primarily on a limited number of third-party manufacturers to produce our products. Our reliance on others for our manufacturing exposes us to a number of risks which are outside our control, including:

 

   

unexpected increases in manufacturing costs;

 

   

interruptions in shipments if a third-party manufacturer is unable to complete production in a timely manner;

 

   

interruptions in shipments for an extended period of time due to acts of God, war, terrorism, earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, damaging winds or floods or a recurrence of SARS or similar widespread pandemic;

 

   

interruptions in manufacturing and shipments for an extended period of time due to shortages of electricity or water;

 

   

inability to control quality of finished products;

 

   

inability to control delivery schedules;

 

   

inability to control production levels and to meet minimum volume commitments to our customers;

 

   

inability to control manufacturing yield;

 

   

inability to maintain adequate manufacturing capacity;

 

   

inability to secure adequate volumes of components in a timely fashion or at expected prices;

 

   

unwillingness of our current or future manufacturing suppliers to provide sufficient credit to support our sales;

 

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manufacturing delays due to lack of financing, availability of parts, labor stoppages, disruptions or political instability in the region; and

 

   

scarcity of shipping containers.

In addition, we currently purchase all of our products from WNC on a purchase order basis. WNC is not obligated to accept any purchase order we submit and therefore may elect not to supply products to us on the terms we request, including terms related to specific quantities, pricing or timing of deliveries. If WNC were to refuse to fulfill our purchase orders on terms that we request or on terms that would enable us to recover our expenses and make a profit, we may lose sales or experience reduced margins, either of which would adversely affect our results of operation. Further, if WNC were to cease manufacturing our products on acceptable terms, we might not be able to identify and secure the services of a new third-party manufacturer in a timely manner or on commercially reasonable terms.

Given that we rely primarily on WNC to manufacture our products, we are subject to risks affecting WNC’s business, including delays in its manufacturing process, availability of components, disruptions in its workforce or manufacturing capabilities, capacity constraints, quality control problems and compliance by WNC with import and export restrictions of the United States and foreign countries. In particular, in order to meet our projected demand, WNC may need to make additional capital expenditures, which it may choose not to do. Any of these risks could result in a delay of quality products being shipped to our customers, which could negatively impact our revenues, our reputation and our competitive position in our industry.

During the third and fourth quarters of 2007, we were substantially behind in our payments to WNC. WNC suspended shipments of certain products and stopped inventory purchases of components for our products because of our overdue account with them. That shipment delay impacted our results of operations for the fourth quarter of 2007 as we were unable to ship customer orders and unable to meet customer delivery requirements for new orders.

We rely on third party providers of components and subassemblies for our products, and if they fail to provide timely quality products, our business and reputation could be harmed.

Our products are comprised of a number of components and subassemblies which we or our manufacturers purchase from third parties. Some of those components and subassemblies are complex and may contain defects in design, materials or workmanship. We receive product warranties from the suppliers of these components. However, any interruption in supply, design or manufacturing defects in those components or subassemblies could cause us to delay or lose sales, or result in product recalls which could damage our financial position and business reputation. In addition, our access to those components and subassemblies is subject to the third party supplier’s decisions concerning production volumes and length of time to offer a product. Any decision by a subcomponent supplier to reduce production or terminate production for a component or subassembly that we use, could force us to pay more for the components, or redesign our products to use different components or subassemblies.

We rely on a small number of customers for substantially all of our revenues and the loss of one or more of these customers would seriously harm our business.

For the year ended December 31, 2007, three of our customers and their affiliates accounted for approximately 69% of our revenues, of which one customer comprised approximately 32% and the other customers comprised approximately 20% and 17%, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2006, three of our customers and their affiliates accounted for approximately 57% of our revenues, whose orders comprised 24%, 19% and 14% of revenues, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2005, two of our customers and their affiliates accounted for approximately 80% of our revenues, of which one customer comprised approximately 59% and the other customers comprised approximately 21% of revenues. While the significant customers were not the same in each period, our results of operations have been supported by one or two significant customers each quarter. We

 

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expect that our dependence on a small number of customers will continue into the foreseeable future. At present, these customers generally purchase products from us on a purchase order basis. Orders covered by firm purchase orders are generally not cancelable; however, customers may decide to delay or cancel orders. In the event that we experience any delays or cancellations, we would have difficulty enforcing the provisions of the purchase order and our revenues could decline substantially. Any such decline could result in us incurring net losses, increasing our accumulated deficit and needing to raise additional capital to fund our operations.

We may not be able to compete effectively against larger and better capitalized competitors.

Larger and better capitalized competitors such as LG Electronics, Inc., Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. and ZTE Corporation have significantly greater penetration in key markets than we do. Economies of scale allow these competitors to offer product pricing and related incentives that we may be unable to match. Our target customers are large telecommunications service providers serving developing countries and regions where demand for basic telephone service has grown substantially in recent years. Our competitors may choose to and may be better positioned to pursue opportunities in those developing countries. Dominance in certain key markets may serve to effectively “lock out” competitors, including us, and may allow these larger competitors to achieve and maintain higher profit margins than they could otherwise. These profit margins may allow these larger competitors to subsidize expansion efforts in geographic areas in which we operate and in which we are substantially dependent for a significant portion of our revenue.

If we do not compete effectively in the fixed wireless telecommunications market, our revenues and market share will decline.

The markets for fixed wireless products are highly competitive, and we expect competition to increase. As we develop new products we anticipate coming in competition with other well funded competitors. These competitors may be able to:

 

   

more accurately predict the new or emerging technologies desired by the market;

 

   

respond more rapidly than we can to new or emerging technologies;

 

   

respond more rapidly than we can to changes in customer requirements;

 

   

devote greater resources than we do to sales or research and development efforts;

 

   

offer vendor financing for their products;

 

   

promote their products more effectively, including selling their products at a loss in order to obtain market share or bundling their products with other products that we do not offer in order to promote an end-to-end solution for their customers that we cannot match; and

 

   

obtain components and manufacture and sell products at lower prices as a result of efficiencies of scale or purchasing power, thereby rendering our products non-competitive or forcing us to sell our products at reduced or negative gross margins.

If we are not successful in continuing to win competitive bids, in enhancing our products and customer relationships and in managing our cost structure so that we can provide competitive prices, we may experience reduced sales and our market share may decline.

We expect to experience competitive pricing pressure for our products, which may impair our revenue growth, gross margins and ability to achieve profitability.

Pricing for fixed wireless phones has been declining along with pricing in general for telecommunications equipment and other technology products. We believe that these pricing trends will affect both wireless phones as well as modems. We expect these trends will continue in the future and perhaps accelerate, particularly if large

 

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companies with greater purchasing power enter the market or other competitors enter the market with lesser quality products or improper license rights. Accordingly, as we reduce our selling prices, our results of operations will be adversely affected unless we can generate equivalent cost reductions in our cost of goods and otherwise.

Opportunities in the fixed wireless telecommunications industry could be impacted by decreasing prices for mobile handsets.

Historically a substantial portion of our revenues have been derived from sales of fixed wireless telephones. Sales prices for comparably featured telephones have declined over the past several years. Furthermore, the wireless telecommunications industry generally is subject to rapid technological change, with increased product functionality and rapid product obsolescence. Prices for basic mobile handsets have dropped significantly. Falling prices of mobile wireless handsets could cause them to be more economically competitive with our products and may result in decreased in demand for our fixed wireless telephones.

We will need to develop new products and features to meet the needs of our customers in order to be successful.

The fixed wireless telecommunications market is characterized by rapid technological advances, evolving industry standards, changing customer needs and frequent new product introductions and enhancements. To maintain and increase our revenues, we must develop and market new products and enhancements to existing products that keep pace with advancing technological developments and industry standards and that address the needs of our customers and their end users. The process of developing new technology and products is complex, uncertain and expensive, and success depends on a number of factors, including:

 

   

predicting market acceptance of new technology platforms.

 

   

proper product definition;

 

   

component cost;

 

   

resolving technical hurdles and obtaining appropriate product certifications as required by our customers;

 

   

timely completion and introduction to the market;

 

   

differentiation from the products of our competitors; and

 

   

market acceptance of our products.

We must commit significant resources for research and development of new products, in many instances, before knowing whether our investments will result in products the fixed wireless telecommunications market will accept. Further, we may be required to purchase licenses from third parties in connection with the development of new products and these licenses may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Even if we successfully introduce new products and technologies, our products may not be accepted by the market or we may be unable to sell our products at prices that are sufficient to recover our investment in developing those new products. In particular, many of the end users in our target markets have low incomes and rely on subsidies from telecommunications service providers in order to purchase our products. If we fail to introduce new products at prices that are competitive and allow us to generate a profit, we will lose customers and market share and the value of our company will decline.

We may not address successfully the problems encountered in connection with any potential future acquisitions.

We will, from time to time, consider opportunities to acquire or make investments in other technologies, products and businesses that could enhance our capabilities, complement our current products or expand the breadth of our markets or customer base. We have limited experience in acquiring other businesses and technologies.

 

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Evaluating potential acquisitions can be expensive and require significant management resources without significant return unless the acquisitions are completed. Potential and completed acquisitions and strategic investments involve numerous risks, including:

 

   

problems assimilating the purchased technologies, products or business operations;

 

   

problems maintaining uniform standards, procedures, controls and policies;

 

   

unanticipated costs associated with the acquisition;

 

   

failure to adequately integrate operations or obtain anticipated operative efficiencies;

 

   

diversion of management’s attention from our core business;

 

   

adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;

 

   

risks associated with entering new markets in which we have no or limited prior experience;

 

   

potential loss of key employees of acquired businesses; and

 

   

increased legal and accounting costs as a result of the newly adopted rules and regulations related to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

If we fail to properly evaluate and execute acquisitions and strategic investments, our management team may be distracted from our day-to-day operations, our business may be disrupted and our operating results may suffer. In addition, if we finance acquisitions by issuing equity or convertible debt securities, our stockholders would be diluted.

For most of our products, we rely upon a license and chipsets from Qualcomm Incorporated for CDMA technology that is critical to our products.

Substantially all of the products we have sold to date are based on proprietary CDMA technology that we license from Qualcomm. Our non-exclusive license from Qualcomm does not have a specified term and may be terminated by us or by Qualcomm for cause or upon the occurrence of specified events. If we were to lose access to this licensed technology, we would be forced to acquire rights to, or otherwise develop, other non-infringing technology.

We also depend upon Qualcomm to provide the chipsets critical for the manufacture of our products. We purchase these chipsets from Qualcomm on a purchase order basis, and we cannot be certain that we will receive chipsets from Qualcomm on terms, including pricing, quality and timing, that allow us to deliver our products to our customers on a timely basis, or at all. From time to time, we may experience delays in receiving chipsets from Qualcomm because of increased demand in the market for these chipsets. Further, as Qualcomm modifies its chipsets, we must ensure that our products and the networks upon which our products function are compatible with the modified chipsets in accordance with the requirements of our customers.

Even if there is a second source for these chipsets, establishing a relationship with that source may be time consuming and expensive, which could adversely affect our ability to manufacture our product on a timely basis and at a price that will enable us to sell our products at a price above our cost of sales.

If we experience any delay in the delivery of chipsets, if we are unable to obtain chipsets on terms that are consistent with our expectations or if our products are not compatible with the modified chipsets, our ability to timely deliver our products to our customers and at prices that will enable us to make a profit might be harmed, which could negatively impact our gross margins, our reputation and our competitive position in the marketplace.

We rely on limited or sole sources for many of our components.

In addition to Qualcomm, we rely on third-party vendors to supply components for the manufacture of our products. Our components are purchased on a purchase order basis. Any shortage or delay in the supply of key

 

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components may harm our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries. It is not always possible to maintain multiple qualified suppliers for all of our components and subassemblies. As a result, some key components are purchased only from a single supplier or a limited number of suppliers. If demand for a specific component increases, we may not be able to obtain an adequate supply of that component in a timely manner. In addition, if our suppliers experience financial or other difficulties, the availability of these components could be limited. We have experienced, and may experience in the future, problems in obtaining or delays in receiving adequate and reliable quantities of various components from certain key suppliers. It could be difficult, costly and time-consuming to obtain alternative sources for these components or to change product designs to make use of alternative components. If we are unable to obtain a sufficient supply of components, if we experience any interruption in the supply of components or if the cost of our components increases, our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries could be harmed, which could result in lost orders, harm to our reputation and reduced revenues.

We may experience delays in manufacturing and our costs may increase if we are unable to accurately forecast all of our needs.

We utilize a rolling forecast of demand, which we and WNC use to determine our component requirements. Lead times for ordering components vary significantly and depend on various factors, such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand for and availability of a component at a given time. If our forecasts are less than our actual requirements, we, WNC or any other third-party manufacturer that we use in the future, may not be able to manufacture products in a timely manner or may build excess inventory. Furthermore, if we cannot produce our products in a timely manner, the liquidated damages provisions in some of our contracts with our customers may result in our selling our products at a loss. If our forecasts are too high, we and our manufacturer will be unable to use the components that were purchased based on our forecasts. The cost of the components used in our products tends to drop rapidly as volumes increase and technologies mature. Therefore, if we or WNC are unable to use components purchased based on our forecasts, our cost of producing products may be higher than our competitors due to an oversupply of higher priced components. Excess components or inventory will tie up working capital and cause us to incur storage and other carrying costs, which may cause us to borrow additional funds that may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Further, excess components or inventory not used or sold in a timely manner may become obsolete causing write-offs or write-downs, which could seriously harm our results of operations.

We may decide or be forced to stock inventory of components or finished product.

Historically we did not maintain inventories. We produced products only on receipt of orders from our customers. Our manufacturers maintain an inventory of components and subassemblies. Under the terms of our agreements with our manufacturers, we can delay receipt of finished goods for a specified period. However, if a customer cancels an order and we cannot identify a new purchaser for that product, we may be forced to acquire the inventory from our manufacturer and hold it in our inventory. In addition, for competitive reasons or because of delays in the supply chain, we may be forced to stock additional components or finished product. This may require substantial working capital, which would be costly and might be unavailable, or may cause us to incur storage and other carrying costs. The inventory we stock might become obsolete, requiring us to write it off and sustain a loss, which could be substantial.

Our products are complex and may contain errors or defects, which may cause us to incur significant unexpected expenses and lose sales.

Our products are complex and must meet stringent customer and end user requirements. Although our products are examined and tested prior to release, these tests cannot uncover all problems that may occur once our products are widely deployed to end users. We have been selling our products for a relatively short period of time. As a result, we have limited experience as to the long-term performance attributes of our products and

 

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whether they will develop errors or defects in the future. If errors or defects are discovered and we are unable to promptly correct those errors or defects, we could experience the following, any of which would harm our business:

 

   

costs associated with testing, verification and the remediation of any problems;

 

   

costs associated with design modifications;

 

   

loss of or delay in sales or high level of returns;

 

   

loss of customers;

 

   

failure to achieve market acceptance or loss of market share;

 

   

increased service and warranty costs;

 

   

liabilities and damages to our customers and end users; and

 

   

increased insurance costs.

We recently began shipments of products based on the GSM standard and may face unexpected expenses in connection with the manufacture, support and sale of those products.

We have recently begun selling phones based on the GSM standard, and have plans to introduce additional products on the GSM and GPRS standards. We do not have substantial experience in manufacturing, selling or supporting products based on those standards. While we have historically had very low incidences of warranty claims for our CDMA based products, our products are complex. We may face higher instances of defects or warranty claims with respect to GSM products, which may result in higher service expenses. Having a GSM product suite will enable us to open new markets and sell to telephone service providers that have deployed GSM based networks. However, we do not currently have substantial experience with selling to this customer base, or designing, pricing and selling products in this market.

We may experience long sales cycles for our products, as a result of a variety of factors.

Our sales cycle depends on the length of time required for adoption of new technologies in our target markets. At times, orders for our products are tied to the rollout of new infrastructure by the network operator, the precise timing of which is subject to construction and other delays. The period between our initial contact with a potential customer and its decision to purchase our products is relatively long. The evaluation, testing, acceptance, proposal, contract negotiation, funding and implementation process can extend over many months. Based on our limited operating history, it generally takes us between three and six months to complete a sale to a customer; however, in certain instances the sales cycle may be substantially longer. As a result, we may not be successful in forecasting with certainty the sales that we will make in a given period.

If our sales cycle unexpectedly lengthens in general or for one or more large orders, the timing of our revenues and results of operations could be harmed, which in turn could reduce our revenues in any quarter. Therefore, period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations may not necessarily be meaningful, and these comparisons should not be relied upon as indications of future performance. Further, sales cycles that are longer than we expect likely will harm our ability to generate sufficient cash to cover our working capital requirements for a given period.

We depend in substantial part on the adoption and acceptance of fixed wireless telecommunications in developing countries and regions to create demand for our products.

Our target customers are large telecommunications service providers who are developing wireless services in developing countries and regions where demand for basic telephone service has grown substantially in recent years and where the cost of building a wireless telecommunications infrastructure is preferable to a traditional wire line infrastructure. We sell our products to these service providers, who in turn resell our products to their

 

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customers, the end users, to use over the services providers’ telecommunications networks. The economies in many of these countries are fragile and are subject to significant change based on world events. This results in unpredictable demand for our products. If demand for wireless infrastructure in these countries does not continue to increase, if the service providers elect to develop traditional landline infrastructure instead of fixed wireless infrastructure in these countries or if the service providers are unable to finance network expansion and fixed wireless products, demand for our products will not develop. Even if these service providers elect to develop fixed wireless infrastructure, demand for our products will not develop if the service providers are unable to sell their services and our products to the end users at affordable prices. In some instances, service providers purchase our products from us and resell the products to their end users at reduced prices in order to establish a service relationship with those users. If telecommunications service providers do not continue to subsidize the purchase of our products, our revenues may decline if end users cannot afford our products on their own.

We must expand our customer base in order to grow our business.

To grow our business, we must fulfill orders from our existing customers, obtain additional orders from our existing customers, develop relationships with new customers and obtain and fulfill orders from new customers. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to develop relationships with additional telecommunications service providers and other customers and obtain purchase orders from those customers. Further, even if we do obtain purchase orders from additional telecommunications service providers, there is no guarantee that those orders will be for product quantities or at product prices that will enable us to recover our costs in acquiring those customers and fulfilling the orders. Whether we will be able to obtain additional orders for our products will depend on a number of factors, including:

 

   

the continued acceptance of fixed wireless products;

 

   

the growth in our target markets of fixed wireless infrastructure;

 

   

whether any of our customers require us to grant exclusivity or impose other restrictions on our ability to market our products to other carriers in the same geographic region at competitive prices;

 

   

our ability to manufacture reliable products at competitive prices that have the features that are required by our customers and the end users of those products; and

 

   

our ability to expand relationships with existing customers and to develop relationships with new customers that will lead to additional orders for our products.

We may have difficulty managing further growth that we might experience.

Our business has grown at a significant rate, if we continue to experience growth in our operations, our operational, financial and accounting systems, procedures and controls will need to be expanded, which will result in increased expenses. Our future success will depend substantially on our ability to manage growth effectively. These challenges may include:

 

   

maintaining our cost structure at an appropriate level based on the net sales we generate;

 

   

managing manufacturing expansion projects;

 

   

implementing our operational, financial and accounting systems, procedures and controls;

 

   

meeting the after sales service level requirements from operators or end users;

 

   

managing operations in multiple locations and multiple time zones;

 

   

customizing products for release in multiple languages and regions;

 

   

reducing our operating expenses as a percentage of revenues; and

 

   

managing global customer base.

 

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Any failure to maintain sales through agents and other third-party resellers, distributors and manufacturers of complementary technologies could harm our business.

To date, we have sold our products to our customers through our direct sales force with significant involvement from senior management and, when desirable or required by the laws of a particular jurisdiction or a prospective customer, through local agents and a network of other third parties, such as resellers, distributors and manufacturers of complementary technologies. We rely on these agents and third parties to assist us in providing customer contacts and marketing our products directly to our potential customers. When working with agents, we may enter into exclusive arrangements that preclude us from using another agent or make sales directly in a particular territory, which could harm our ability to develop new customer relationships. Certain agents and other third parties are not obligated to continue selling our products, and they may terminate their arrangements with us at any time. Our ability to increase our revenues in the future will depend in large part on our success in developing and maintaining relationships with these agents and other third parties. Any failure to develop or maintain our relationships with these third parties and any failure of these third parties to effectively market our products could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend upon the wireless telecommunications industry, and any downturn in the industry may reduce our sales.

All of our sales are derived from the wireless telecommunications industry, and a substantial portion of our sales are derived from customers in developing countries. In general, the global wireless telecommunications industry, particularly in developing countries, is subject to economic cycles and has experienced in the past, and is likely to experience in the future, periods of slowdown. Intense competition, relatively short product cycles and significant fluctuations in product demand characterize the industry as a whole. The wireless telecommunications industry generally is subject to rapid technological change and product obsolescence. Fluctuations in demand for our products as a result of periods of slowdown in the wireless telecommunications market or discontinuation of products or modifications developed in connection with standards or next generation products could reduce our sales.

If we are unable to retain our key personnel necessary to operate our business, our ability to develop and market our products successfully could be harmed.

We depend substantially on our current executive officers and management. The loss of any key employee or the inability to attract or retain qualified personnel, including engineering, finance, accounting, sales and marketing personnel, could delay the development and introduction of, and harm our ability to sell our products and damage the market’s perception of us. Our success also may depend on our ability to identify, attract and retain additional qualified management, engineering and sales and marketing personnel. In particular, we have experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled engineers with appropriate qualifications. Competition for qualified engineers is intense, especially in San Diego, California, where our headquarters are located, and in Seoul, South Korea, where our research and development center is located. If we lose the services of a significant number of our engineers and cannot hire and integrate additional engineers, our ability to develop our products and implement our business strategy could be harmed.

Our competitive position will be seriously damaged if we cannot protect intellectual property rights in our technology.

Our success, in part, depends on our ability to obtain and enforce intellectual property protection for our technology. We rely on a combination of contracts and trademark and trade secret laws to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our technology. However, we may not be able to prevent misappropriation of our intellectual property, and the agreements we enter into may not be enforceable. In addition, effective trademark and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries.

 

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There is no guarantee that the patents that we have received or any additional patents that we may receive in the future, if any, will provide us with a significant competitive advantage. Further, any patent that we have or may obtain will expire, and it is possible that it may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. If we do not secure and maintain patent protection for our technology and products; our competitive position will be significantly harmed because it will be much easier for competitors to sell products similar to ours. Alternatively, a competitor may independently develop or patent technologies that are substantially equivalent to or superior to our technology. If this happens, any patent that we may obtain may not provide protection and our competitive position could be significantly harmed.

As we expand our product line or develop new uses for our products, these products or uses may be outside the protection provided by our current patent applications and other intellectual property rights. In addition, if we develop new products or enhancements to existing products, there is no guarantee that we will be able to obtain patents to protect them. Even if we do receive patents for our existing or new products, these patents may not provide meaningful protection. In some countries outside of the United States, patent protection is not available. Moreover, some countries that do allow registration of patents do not provide meaningful redress for violations of patents. As a result, protecting intellectual property in these countries is difficult and our competitors may successfully sell products in those countries that have functions and features that infringe on our intellectual property.

We may initiate claims or litigation against third parties in the future for infringement of our proprietary rights or to determine the scope and validity of our proprietary rights or the proprietary rights of competitors. These claims could result in costly litigation and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel. As a result, our operating results could suffer and our financial condition could be harmed.

Our competitive position will be seriously damaged if we become party to lawsuits alleging that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of others.

Other companies, including our competitors, may currently own or obtain patents or other proprietary rights that might prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use or sell our products. As a result, our products may be found to infringe the intellectual property rights of others. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us and if we are unable to license the infringed technology or our current licenses do not contain adequate indemnification or warranties to cover the claim, our business and operating results could be adversely affected, resulting in reduced or negative gross margins, harm to our reputation if we are unable to provide remedies to our customers and general harm to our competitive position in the marketplace.

Any litigation or claims, whether or not valid, could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources. An adverse result from intellectual property litigation could force us to do one or more of the following:

 

   

cease selling, incorporating or using products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property;

 

   

obtain a license from the holder of the infringed intellectual property right, which license may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all; and

 

   

redesign products that incorporate the disputed technology.

If we are forced to take any of the foregoing actions, we could face substantial costs and shipment delays and our business could be seriously harmed. Although we carry general liability insurance, our insurance may not cover potential claims of this type or be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed.

In addition, it is possible that our customers or end users may seek indemnity from us in the event that our products are found or alleged to infringe the intellectual property rights of others. Any such claim for indemnity could result in substantial expenses to us that could harm our operating results.

 

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Failure to adequately protect our trademark rights could cause us to lose market share and cause our sales to decline.

We sell our products under our brand name, Axesstel. We use our brand name to compete in the fixed wireless telecommunications market. We have expended significant resources promoting our brand name, and we have three registered trademarks in the United States and have applied for and received a number of trademarks in developing countries where we sell our products. However, registration of our brand name trademark will not necessarily deter or prevent unauthorized use by others. If other companies, including our competitors, use our brand name, consumers may not recognize us as the source of our products. This would reduce the value of goodwill associated with our brand name. This consumer confusion and the resulting reduction in goodwill could cause us to lose market share and cause our sales to decline. If we identify an infringement of our brand or trademarks asserting a claim may be costly and time consuming.

We may face litigation that could significantly damage our business and financial condition.

In the telecommunications equipment industry, litigation is being used increasingly as a competitive tactic by both established companies seeking to protect their position in the market and by emerging companies attempting to gain access to the market. In this type of litigation, complaints may be filed on various grounds, such as antitrust, breach of contract, trade secret, copyright or patent infringement, patent or copyright invalidity, and unfair business practices. If we are required to defend ourselves against one or more of these claims, whether or not they have any merit, we are likely to incur substantial expense and management’s attention will be diverted from operations. This type of litigation also may cause confusion in the market and make our licensees and distributors reluctant to commit resources to our products. Any of these effects could harm our business and result in a decline in the value of your investment in our stock.

Our Founder owns approximately 11% and ComVentures owns approximately 16% of our outstanding common stock; and each will be able to exert substantial influence over us and our major corporate decisions.

As of December 31, 2007, Mike H.P. Kwon, our Founder, owned approximately 11% and ComVentures owned approximately 16% of our outstanding common stock. As a result of their respective ownership interests, Mr. Kwon and ComVentures, each will have substantial influence over who is elected to our board of directors each year as well as whether we enter into any significant corporate transaction that requires stockholder approval.

This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company, which could deprive our other stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their stock as part of a sale of our company, could harm the market price of our common stock and could impede the growth of our company.

We have received notice from Amex that we are not in compliance with certain requirements for continued listing on the Amex exchange.

On March 5, 2008 we received notice from the American Stock Exchange (“Amex”) notifying us that the staff of the Amex Listing Qualifications Department has determined that Axesstel is not in compliance with Section 1003(a)(i) and Section 1003(a)(ii) of the Amex Company Guide for failure to maintain certain minimum shareholders equity. We have a right, on or before April 7, 2008, to submit a plan to Amex describing the actions that we have taken, and intend to take, in order to regain compliance with the listing standards before September 30, 2009. While we intend to submit a plan to Amex, no assurances can be given that Amex will accept our plan or continue to list our common stock on the Amex exchange. Furthermore, even if Amex accepts our plan for regaining compliance by September 30, 2009, if our operating results negatively deviate substantially from that plan, Amex can again take action to delist our common stock. If our common stock is delisted from Amex we would apply to have it trade on the OTC Bulletin Board. Stocks traded on the OTC Bulletin Board generally have limited trading volume and exhibit a wide spread between the bid/ask quotation. In addition, our common stock would become subject to the “penny stock” rules, which impose additional customer suitability and disclosure requirements on broker-dealers effecting transactions in common stock. These requirements would adversely affect the market liquidity of our common stock.

 

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Nevada law and provisions in our charter documents may delay or prevent a potential takeover bid that would be beneficial to common stockholders.

Our articles of incorporation and our bylaws contain provisions that enable our board of directors to discourage, delay or prevent a change in our ownership or in our management. In addition, these provisions could limit the price that investors would be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. These provisions include the following:

 

   

Our board of directors may fill vacancies on the board of directors;

 

   

Our stockholders are permitted to remove members of our board of directors only upon the vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote at a meeting called for such purpose;

 

   

stockholder proposals and nominations for directors to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders must comply with advance notice procedures, which require that all such proposals and nominations must be received at our principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary date of the annual meeting for the preceding year;

 

   

a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by our Chief Executive Officer, president or secretary, or by resolution of our board of directors; and

 

   

Our board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws.

In addition, provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes provide that a person acquiring a controlling interest in an issuing corporation, and those acting in association with such person, obtain only such voting rights in the control shares as are conferred by stockholders (excluding such acquiring and associated persons) holding a majority of the voting power of the issuing corporation. For purposes of these provisions, “issuing corporation” means a corporation organized in Nevada which has 200 or more stockholders of record, at least 100 of whom have addresses in Nevada on the corporation’s stock ledger, and does business in Nevada directly or through an affiliate, and “controlling interest” means the ownership of outstanding voting shares enabling the acquiring person to exercise (either directly or in association with others) one-fifth or more but less than one-third, one-third but less than a majority, or a majority or more of the voting power of the issuing corporation in the election of directors. Accordingly, the provisions could require multiple votes with respect to voting rights in share acquisitions effected in separate stages, and the effect of these provisions may be to discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company.

 

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We own no real property. Our corporate headquarters is located in San Diego, California, where we lease approximately 17,000 square feet of office space pursuant to a lease that expires in February 2011. Our principal research and development facility is located in the Gyeonggi Province of South Korea, where we lease approximately 30,000 square feet of office space pursuant to a ten-year lease that expires in August 2015.

Each of our facilities is covered by insurance and we believe them to be suitable for their respective uses and adequate for our present needs. We believe that suitable additional or substitute space will be available to accommodate the foreseeable expansion of our operations.

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time, we may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, including claims of alleged infringement, misuse or misappropriation of intellectual property rights of third parties. As of the date of this report, we are not a party to any such litigation which we believe would have a material adverse effect on us.

 

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF STOCKHOLDERS.

None.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER’S PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Market Information.

Our common stock is listed on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol “AFT.” The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices as reported by the American Stock Exchange for each period indicated.

 

         High            Low    

Year Ended December 31, 2006

     

First Quarter

   $ 2.00    $ 1.02

Second Quarter

     1.85      1.08

Third Quarter

     1.89      1.09

Fourth Quarter

     2.58      1.57

Year Ended December 31, 2007

     

First Quarter

   $ 2.24    $ 1.52

Second Quarter

     1.84      1.24

Third Quarter

     1.44      0.85

Fourth Quarter

     1.15      0.19

On March 5, 2008 we received notice from the American Stock Exchange (“Amex”) notifying us that the staff of the Amex Listing Qualifications Department has determined that Axesstel is not in compliance with Section 1003(a)(i) and Section 1003(a)(ii) of the Amex Company Guide. Specifically, the Amex staff noted that our stockholder’s equity was less than $2,000,000 and losses from continuing operations and net losses were incurred in two out of our three most recent fiscal years, and that our stockholder’s equity was less than $4,000,000 and losses from continuing operations and/or net losses were incurred in three out of our four most recent fiscal years.

As a result, we have become subject to the procedures and requirements of Section 1009 of the Amex Company Guide. To maintain our Amex listing, we must submit a plan to Amex by April 7, 2008, advising Amex of action we have taken, or will take, to increase our stockholder’s equity to a level that would bring us into compliance with the continued listing standards identified above by September 7, 2009. We are preparing a plan bring us into compliance with such listing standards by September 7, 2009, through increased profitability based on our operating budget and supplemental financing, as necessary, from the sale of additional debt or equity securities. We intend to submit the plan to Amex on or before April 7, 2008.

Following its submission, the Amex Listings Qualifications Department will evaluate our plan and determine whether we have made a reasonable demonstration in the plan of an ability to regain compliance with the continued listing standards by September 7, 2009. If the plan is accepted, we may be able to continue our listing during the plan period up to September 7, 2009, during which time we will be subject to periodic review to determine if we are making progress consistent with the plan. If we do not submit a plan, or if our plan is not accepted, or if our plan is accepted but we fail to make progress consistent with our plan, or we are not in compliance by September 7, 2009, we will be subject to delisting proceedings. Under Amex rules, we have the right to appeal any determination by Amex to initiate delisting proceedings.

Holders.

On February 29, 2008, the shareholders’ list for the Company’s common shares showed approximately 1,243 registered shareholders and 23,228,982 shares issued and outstanding.

Dividends.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. Payment of future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and such other factors as the board of directors deems relevant.

 

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Performance Graph.

The following graph compares the performance of the Company over the past five years with the performance of the Amex market index, the Nasdaq Telecommunications index and the RDG Technology Composite index.

LOGO

 

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected financial information has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K in order to fully understand factors that may affect the comparability of the information presented below.

 

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands, except income (loss) per share)

   2007     2006     2005     2004     2003  

STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:

          

Revenues

   $ 82,435     $ 95,520     $ 94,666     $ 62,565     $ 11,544  

Net income (loss)

   $ (9,024 )   $ (6,636 )   $ (10,201 )   $ (8,270 )   $ (2,609 )

Basic earnings (loss) per share

   $ (0.39 )   $ (0.29 )   $ (0.51 )   $ (0.91 )   $ (0.41 )

Diluted earnings (loss) per share

   $ (0.39 )   $ (0.29 )   $ (0.51 )   $ (0.91 )   $ (0.41 )

Shares used in basic per share calculations

     22,932       22,721       20,183       9,123       6,417  

Shares used in diluted per share calculations

     22,932       22,721       20,183       9,123       6,417  

 

     2007    2006    2005    2004    2003

BALANCE SHEET DATA:

              

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 555    $ 3,709    $ 9,162    $ 7,525    $ 376

Total assets

   $ 29,363    $ 52,721    $ 36,551    $ 24,991    $ 8,881

Long-term liabilities

   $ —      $ 3,069    $ 2,500    $ 2,629    $ —  

Total stockholders’ equity

   $ 1,276    $ 9,498    $ 15,461    $ 3,124    $ 3,150

 

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in the following discussion and throughout this report that are not historical in nature are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as the words “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “intend,” “believe,” and similar expressions. Although we believe the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements are inherently subject to risk and we can give no assurances that our expectations will prove to be correct. Actual results could differ from those described in this report because of numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include, without limitation, those described below under the heading “Risk Factors.” We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect actual outcomes.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this report.

Overview

We design, develop, market and manufacture fixed wireless voice and broadband data products for the worldwide telecommunications market. Our product portfolio includes fixed wireless desktop phones, public call office (PCO) phones, voice/data terminals, broadband modems, and 3G gateway devices for access to voice calling and high-speed data services.

Our products have similar functionality to phones and modems that use the traditional landline telecommunications network; however, they are wireless devices and can be substituted for wired phones and modems. Most of our products sold to date have been based on CDMA (3G Code Division Multiple Access) technology developed by Qualcomm Incorporated. We are increasing our focus on new products based on GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) technologies to enhance our product offering and expand our market. In addition to the introduction of GSM and GPRS based products, we have increased our focus on the development of data products, including broadband modems and 3G gateway devices, which represent an increasing percentage of our overall revenues

We currently sell our products to telecommunications operators in developing countries where large segments of the population do not have telephone service. To date our largest markets have been in Asia, EMEA, and Latin America, with our largest customers located in India and Venezuela. We ended the year with a total of 54 customers in 40 countries.

History

We were founded in July 2000. In late 2002 we began performing original design manufacturing and product engineering and development for major international telecommunications companies. In December 2002, we acquired Entatel, Ltd., a South Korean company, in order to meet the engineering requirements of these projects, and changed its name to Axesstel R & D Center Co., Ltd. This name was later changed to Axesstel Korea Inc. and continues as our operating research and development subsidiary located in Korea.

Our primary business in 2003 was focused on contract research and development and we engaged in only limited manufacturing and product sales on behalf of third parties. In late 2003 and early 2004, we believed that changing market factors would result in increasing demand for fixed wireless phones. In response, we refocused our business to concentrate exclusively on developing, manufacturing and selling our own branded and co-branded fixed wireless products.

 

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In the first quarter of 2004, we commenced large scale product manufacturing with our Taiwan-based manufacturing partner, Wistron NeWeb Corporation, or WNC. In the third quarter of 2005, WNC transitioned our production lines from Taiwan to mainland China to take advantage of lower production costs and better access to the China supply chain. WNC presently has two high speed production lines dedicated to high volume production, and the ability to add additional lines to match future capacity needs. We continue to work with WNC in sourcing components for our products in an effort to reduce costs, ensure the quality of the components we purchase and mitigate against the risk that components are not available at the time we need the components to fulfill our customer orders. We believe WNC provides flexibility and scalability to our manufacturing operations.

Recent Developments

We began 2007 with four key strategic goals:

 

   

stabilize revenues through customer and product diversity;

 

   

increase sales through localized sales teams,

 

   

expand our offerings of higher margin data products; and

 

   

achieve operating profitability.

We continued our efforts to diversify our customer base in 2007. We were successful in ending the year with 54 customers in 40 countries, and our customer base continues to expand. Our efforts to localize sales in EMEA produced significant results with revenues from that region increasing from $4.3 million in 2006 to $15.8 million in 2007. We continued to experience strong sales in Latin America with revenues for that region of $53.6 million in 2006 and $47.9 million in 2007. In addition, we experienced continued growth in our revenue from data products. Revenues from data products increased from $25.8 million in 2006 to $34.9 million in 2007. As a percentage of revenues, data products increased from 27% in 2006 to 42% in 2007.

Despite these efforts, we faced several operating challenges in 2007. We continue to experience significant customer concentration where two or three customers account for the majority of our sales in any period. While sales in EMEA and Latin America were solid, sales to Asia were substantially below our expectations, declining from $37.5 million in 2006 to $18.7 million in 2007. Customers in that region continue to be price sensitive, with average selling prices and potential profit margins decreasing substantially each year. During 2007, we were more conservative in our pricing, electing not to pursue bids where we did not see the opportunity for reasonable gross margins.

We began 2007 with strong revenue in the first and second quarter of $25.2 million and $28.0 million, respectively. However, third quarter revenue fell to $15.4 million primarily due to the decline in sales to customers in Asia. Two additional factors severely impacted our operations in the third and fourth quarters, as follows:

First, the Venezuelan government acquired control of that country’s telephone infrastructure in January 2007. In 2006 and continuing in 2007, Venezuela was our largest market. The transition did not have a substantial impact on orders. We continued to receive orders from our large customers in Venezuela. However, payments out of Venezuela were delayed on orders that we shipped in the first and second quarter. Those orders were made on open account terms and were not secured by a letter of credit or credit insurance. As a result, we were not able to finance those receivables and the delay in payment had a substantial impact on our working capital.

Second, we had engaged an investment banking firm to review potential acquisition candidates with proprietary technology and a data product portfolio. In the second quarter, we identified an acquisition target, and began negotiations for the acquisition. At the same time, we entered into negotiations on a financing that would provide capital for the acquisition and working capital for the combined operations. The working capital shortfall in the

 

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third quarter increased the amount of capital necessary to complete and finance the acquisition. Ultimately, we were not able to complete the acquisition, or the related financing.

Entering into the fourth quarter we again had substantial orders for products. However, as a result of our working capital shortfall, increased by the expenses of the unsuccessful acquisition and financing, we were substantially behind in payments to our contract manufacturers. WNC, our principal manufacturer, delayed delivery of products to us, and consequently to our customers, in the fourth quarter until we made substantial payments on our account with them. They also stopped purchasing long lead time inventory to manufacture our products. We established a payment plan with WNC. In December we collected most of our receivables from Venezuela allowing us to make substantial payments to WNC, but the shipment and purchasing delays impacted revenues for the quarter, which fell to $13.8 million. We ended the year with revenues of $82.4 million and a backlog of $23 million.

Outlook

As we enter 2008, we will continue our focus on our core strategic goals:

Customer diversity is critical to mitigating the risk of quarter to quarter volatility. We will continue to diversify our customer base and add new accounts. The addition of our GSM product line is opening new markets, particularly in Central and South America, where operators are predominantly on the GSM standard. We are also looking to supply our current customers with higher end data products as they roll out upgrades to their network infrastructure.

Our regional sales strategy has been successful in EMEA and we expect to continue that strategy. We are looking at establishing additional sales offices in that region. We have also placed a regional sales manager in Asia in an effort to increase sales in that region.

We expect to launch over a dozen new products in 2008. In mid February at the GSM Mobile World Congress, we introduced five newly redesigned GSM products, including dual band and quad band phones and terminals, which are available for purchase. These include basic models that deliver reliable, low cost solutions; cordless models which appeal to the growing number of consumers looking for a more convenient product; and our quad-band models which enable operators to buy one solution and use it in all of their GSM markets or redirect inventory as appropriate. We will be introducing advanced EVDO hi-speed data phones. We are expanding our broadband data lines to include EDGE, HSDPA and HSUPA modems, which we anticipate will be available in the second half of 2008.

We are addressing operating profitability in 2008 from both the revenue and expense side. On the revenue side, based on current backlog and anticipated growth in the wireless markets we serve, we expect revenues to return to, and exceed the levels reached in 2005 and 2006. The migration to higher margin data products is expected to accelerate, increasing gross margin. Finally at the end of 2007 we took a number of measures to reduce our operating expenses. We transitioned research and development of our lower margin phones to an outsourced design and manufacturing model. That is allowing us to reduce our internal engineering and support resources as well as lease expenses. We expect these changes to reduce operating expenses in 2008 by approximately $3 million.

Increasing our working capital will also be a key goal for 2008. Although we collected a substantial portion of our accounts receivable in the last weeks of 2007, the operating loss for the year has reduced our working capital position. At the outset of 2008, we entered into a distributor agreement that will enable us to secure financing on our orders to Venezuela. We have also established new working capital lines of credit with Wells Fargo that will allow us to borrow against backed letters of credit and credit insured accounts receivable. We expect these facilities, along with the reduction in operating expenses described above, to provide sufficient working capital to continue operations in accordance with our current business plan. However, we do not have sufficient working capital resources to offset extraordinary expenses or a substantial decline in operating income.

 

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For that reason we do anticipate seeking additional debt or equity financing during 2008. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.

Overall, we expect revenue in 2008 to exceed $100 million, up from $82.4 million in 2007. We expect data products will contribute more than $60 million in revenues in 2008, up from $34.9 million in 2007, and to exceed phone revenues for the first time on an annualized basis. We continue to strive towards profitability based on an increase in revenues, adjustment in product mix, and streamlining of operating expenses that was implemented at the end of 2007. Although we realize profitability is highly dependent on product and customer mix, and anticipate we may not be profitable every quarter, we are committed to achieving profitability for the year.

Revenues

Our product portfolio consists of fixed wireless products in five categories: desktop phones, PCO phones, voice/data terminals, broadband modems, and 3G gateway devices. We believe that an increasing portion of our anticipated growth will come from sales of our next generation data products, such as our fixed wireless broadband modem and 3G gateway devices, into developing and industrialized countries as demand grows for broadband data services.

We sell our products to telecommunications service providers on a fixed price-per-unit basis. Our customers in turn resell our products to end users as part of the end users’ service activation. For the year ended December 31, 2007, approximately 69% of our revenues were derived from three customers, whose orders represented 32%, 20% and 17% of revenues, respectively.

All of our sales are based on purchase orders or other short-term arrangements. We negotiate the pricing of our products based on the quantity and the length of the time for which deliveries are to be made. For orders involving a significant number of units, or which involve deliveries over a long period of time, we typically receive rolling forecasts or a predetermined quantity for a fixed period of time from our customers, which in turn allows us to forecast internal volume and component requirements for manufacturing. In order to minimize our collection risks, we attempt to sell to our international customers under guaranteed letters of credit or open terms secured by credit insurance. At times, we extend credit based on evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. To date, substantially all of our product sales have been to customers outside of the United States. In order to minimize foreign exchange risk, we have made all sales to date in U.S. dollars.

We supply our principal manufacturer WNC with rolling forecasts. In addition, we receive forecasts from our customers, and in turn, place orders with WNC for near-term production. Based upon our purchase orders and forecasts, WNC procures components in amounts intended to meet the near-term demand. Following receipt of our orders, WNC generally manufactures our products and delivers the finished goods to the customer’s freight forwarder in China, transferring title at that point. We generally recognize revenue upon the transfer of title to the freight forwarder.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold consists of direct materials, manufacturing expense, freight expense, warranty expense, and royalty fees. Pricing for fixed wireless products has declined since we’ve entered into this business. We believe our ability to increase sales of our products and achieve profitability will depend in part on our ability to reduce cost of goods sold. We continue our cost reduction efforts through the following initiatives: increasing our purchasing power through increased volume; ordering standardized parts used across our product lines; looking for additional manufacturing partners in low cost regions; reengineering our products with new technologies and expertise to decrease the number of components; relying more on application and software development than hardware; and improving our manufacturing processes.

 

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Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for engineering personnel, facility expenses, employee travel, fees for outside service providers, test fees and depreciation of developmental test equipment. The majority of this activity is for software, mechanical and hardware product development. We are increasingly focusing our research and development on data products, seeking areas where product differentiation will provide value to our customers and provide protection on pricing. We expense research and development costs as they are incurred.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for executive and operational management, finance, human resources, information technology, sales and marketing, program management and administrative personnel. Other costs include facility expenses, employee travel, bank and financing fees, insurance, legal expense, commissions, accounting, professional service providers, board of director expense, stockholder relations, amortization of intangible assets, and depreciation expense of software and other fixed assets.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. In consultation with our board of directors, we have identified the following accounting policies that we believe are key to an understanding of our financial statements. These accounting policies require management’s subjective judgments.

Revenue Recognition and Warranty Reserve

Revenues from product sales are recognized when the risks of ownership and title are transferred to the customer as specified in the respective sales agreements and other revenue recognition criterion as prescribed by Staff Accounting Bulletin, or SAB, No. 101 “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements,” as amended by SAB No. 104. Generally, the risks of ownership and title pass when product is received by the customer’s freight forwarder. If and when products are returned, we normally exchange them or provide credits to the customer. The returned products in turn are shipped back to the third party manufacturer and we are issued a credit or exchange from the manufacturer. At December 31, 2007, management concluded that no sales return allowance was needed.

On certain contracts, we provide warranty replacement units ranging from 1-2 percent of total units shipped. The cost related to the warranty replacement unit is included in the cost of goods sold and recorded when revenue is recognized. On other contracts, we do not provide warranty replacement units. In these cases, we provide third party service centers to the customer for any warranty performance. Costs for these service centers are recorded to cost of goods sold. During the year ended December 31, 2007, warranty costs amounted to approximately $524,000 and, as of December 31, 2007, we established a warranty reserve of $460,000 to cover additional service costs over the life of the warranty. All products are tested by quality inspection prior to shipment and we have historically experienced a minimum level of defective units.

Sales Returns and Accounts Receivable Allowance

We extend credit based on evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and payment history. At times, obligations for our foreign customers are secured either by letters of credit or by credit insurance. Significant management judgment is required to determine the allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts. Management determines the adequacy of the allowance based on historical write-off percentages and information

 

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collected from individual customers. Accounts receivable are charged off against the allowance when collectibility is determined to be permanently impaired. At December 31, 2007, management determined that an allowance of $125,000 was necessary.

Capitalized Software Costs

Software development costs for products sold, which consist primarily of firmware embedded in our products, incurred after technological feasibility is established are capitalized in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 86 “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed.” Amortization of these costs begins when the products are ready for sale. SFAS No. 86 and other authoritative literature, interpretations and industry practices prescribe that technological feasibility is reached when both the software and other components of the product’s research and development activities are completed. We begin capitalizing software development costs upon attainment of both requirements. Our engineering processes demonstrate that the research and development activities of our products are completed simultaneously with the commencement of the manufacturing process. As such, we expense all research and development activities performed up to the commencement of the manufacturing process.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets, Intangible Assets and Goodwill

We assess the impairment of long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill at least annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important which could trigger an impairment review include:

 

   

significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results;

 

   

significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; and

 

   

significant negative industry or economic trends.

When we determine that the carrying value of intangibles, long-lived assets and goodwill may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment and the carrying value of the asset cannot be recovered from projected undiscounted cash flows, we measure any impairment based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by our management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in our current business model. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we determined that our goodwill was impaired and wrote off the carrying value of approximately $386,000. Management concluded that no other long-lived assets were impaired.

Our intangible assets consist mainly of our license fee agreements, which we amortize over a three to ten year life.

Deferred Tax Assets

We periodically and at least annually evaluate the realizability of the net deferred tax assets, taking into consideration prior earnings history, actual revenue and operations, projected operating results and the reversal of temporary differences.

Stock-Based Compensation

Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted SFAS No. 123R (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, (SFAS 123R) which establishes standards for the accounting of transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, primarily focusing on accounting for transactions where an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. SFAS 123R requires a public entity to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, including stock options, based on the

 

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grant-date fair value of the award and to recognize it as compensation expense over the period the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. SFAS 123R supersedes our previous accounting under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25) and SFAS 123, Accounting for Stock Based Compensation, for periods beginning January 1, 2006. In March 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB 107) relating to SFAS 123R. We have applied the provisions of SAB 107 in our adoption of SFAS 123R.

We adopted SFAS 123R using the modified prospective transition method, which requires the application of the accounting standard as of January 1, 2006. SFAS 123R requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Annual Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the consolidated statements of operations data and the percentages of total revenues thereto.

 

     Year Ended December 31,  

($ in thousands)

   2007     2006     2005  

Revenues

   $ 82,435     100.0 %   $ 95,519     100.0 %   $ 94,666     100.0 %

Cost of goods sold

     64,849     78.7 %     80,245     84.0 %     84,415     89.2 %
                                          

Gross margin

     17,586     21.3 %     15,274     16.0 %     10,251     10.8 %
                                          

Operating expenses:

            

Research and development

     7,090     8.6 %     5,878     6.2 %     5,512     5.8 %

Selling, general and administrative

     18,850     22.9 %     15,233     15.9 %     12,416     13.1 %

Impairment of assets

     386     0.4 %     1,065     1.1 %     —       —   %
                                          

Total operating expenses

     26,326     31.9 %     22,176     23.2 %     17,928     18.9 %
                                          

Operating loss

     (8,740 )   (10.6 )%     (6,902 )   (7.2 )%     (7,677 )   (8.1 )%

Other income (expense), net

     (284 )   (0.3 )%     266     0.3 %     (476 )   (0.5 )%
                                          

Loss before income taxes

     (9,024 )   (10.9 )%     (6,636 )   (6.9 )%     (8,153 )   (8.6 )%

Income tax provision

     —       —   %     —       —   %     2,048     2.2 %
                                          

Net loss

   $ (9,024 )   (10.9 )%   $ (6,636 )   (6.9 )%   $ (10,201 )   (10.8 )%

Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2007 to Year Ended December 31, 2006

General

We finished 2007 with revenues of $82.4 million and a net loss of $9 million. Revenues were strong in the first two quarters of the year, amounting to $25.2 million and $28.0 million, respectively. However orders fell during the third quarter, due in substantial part to a decline in sales to Asia, and revenues for the period dropped to $15.4 million. Working capital and manufacturing issues, discussed below, impacted fourth quarter revenues which dropped to $13.8 million.

In addition to the decline in orders for the third quarter, two additional factors impacted our operations for the second half of the year. First, payments out of Venezuela were delayed on orders that we shipped in the first and second quarter. Those orders were made on open account terms; they were not secured by a letter of credit or credit insurance. As a result, we were not able to finance those receivables and the delay in payment had a substantial impact on our working capital. Second, in the second quarter we identified an acquisition target, and

 

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began negotiations for the acquisition of a company in the machine to machine data space. At the same time, we entered into negotiation on a financing that would provide capital for the acquisition and working capital for the combined operations. The working capital shortfall in the third quarter increased the amount of capital necessary to complete and finance the acquisition. Ultimately, we were not able to complete the acquisition, or the related financing.

Costs incurred in connection with the failed acquisition and financing were expensed in the third quarter. In order to augment our working capital, we entered into a financing arrangement in the third quarter to finance certain of our accounts receivable in Venezuela. Those accounts receivables and the financing facility were repaid in the fourth quarter and all interest and related charges incurred in connection with that financing recognized at that time.

In connection with our strategic shift to focus internal research and development on higher margin data products, we initiated outsourced design and manufacturing operations for certain of our lower end phone products. In the fourth quarter, we restructured some of our engineering and administrative resources, reducing operating expenses. We also experienced a management change which resulted in severance expense. The costs associated with the reduction in headcount and change in management were expensed in the fourth quarter.

Revenues

For the year ended December 31, 2007, revenues were $82.4 million compared to $95.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, representing a 14% decrease. In 2007, our revenues were derived principally from three customers, which together represented 69% of revenues, and individually represented 32%, 20%, and 17% of revenues, respectively. In 2006, our revenues were derived principally from three customers, which together represented 57% of revenues, and individually represented 24%, 19%, and 14% of revenues, respectively. Our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007 consisted of 53% for phone products, 4% for terminal products and 42% for broadband modem products. For the year ended December 31, 2006, our revenues consisted of 71% for phone products, 2% for terminal products and 27% for broadband modem products. Although phone revenue decreased significantly in 2007, revenues increased substantially for broadband modem products.

Our objective is to expand our product portfolio for broadband modem products in 2008, as well as to expand our customer base to reach new customers and new regions. We continue to expect that most of our sales will be to foreign customers or for products to be used in foreign countries. As we grow, we expect to become less dependent on a limited concentration of customers.

Cost of Goods Sold

For the year ended December 31, 2007, cost of goods sold was $64.8 million compared to $80.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, a decrease of 19%. The decrease to cost of goods sold reflects the decrease in revenues in the comparable periods, and the product mix shift from 27% modem revenue content in 2006 to 42% modem revenue content in 2007, as we typically experience higher average selling prices on our data product line. Our cost of materials declined on a per unit basis in 2007 as we were able to re-engineer our products to take advantage of cost efficient alternate parts, and reduce prices with our suppliers. In 2006 and continuing into 2007, most of our products were manufactured by one vendor.

We continue to work toward reduced manufacturing costs on a unit basis. We anticipate that our vendor will be able to further decrease its costs as our purchase volume increases. We are also evaluating additional manufacturing vendors and other vendors to produce specific hardware and other components used in the manufacturing process in an effort to further reduce cost of goods sold.

Gross Margin

For the year ended December 31, 2007, gross margin as a percentage of revenues was 21% compared to 16% for the year ended December 31, 2006. The gross margin percentages increase was mainly the result of favorable

 

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product mix from our data products during the comparative periods, as we typically experience higher margins from our data products than from our phone products.

We expect demand for our data products to remain strong in 2008, and expect the annual gross margins as a percentage of revenue to remain in the low twenties. However, margins may fluctuate on an individual quarterly basis due to customer and product mix, as well as other factors.

Research and Development

For the year ended December 31, 2007, research and development expenses were $7.1 million compared to $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, an increase of 21%.This increase was mainly attributable to increases in outside certification test fees and outside development of prototype products in the development of both our phone and data products. As a percentage of revenues, research and development for the year ended December 31, 2007 were 9% compared to 6% in the year ended December 31, 2006.

We are presently spending much of our research and development funds on the development of our next generation data products. In addition, significant modifications to current products are required for each customer and each geographical location where the end user is located. As we continue the development focus for our data products, we will enact cost reduction programs to lower the cost in the development of our phone products, including a strategy to outsource most of the future development for these products. We expect our expenditures to increase for the development of our data products in 2008, but be offset by cost reductions in the development of our phone products. Accordingly, we expect our research and development expenditures to remain stable for 2008, but to reduce as a percent of revenue in 2008.

Selling, General and Administrative

For the year ended December 31, 2007, selling, general and administrative expenses were $18.9 million compared to $15.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, an increase of 24%. This increase was mainly due to the increase of internal/external sales commissions of approximately $1.1 million, increases of legal and professional fees associated with financings and a failed acquisition attempt of $1.2 million, and the increase of other operating expenses of $1.4 million. As a percentage of revenue, selling, general and administration expenses increased to 23% in 2007 from 16% in 2006.

At the end of 2007 we increased our focus on outsource design and manufacturing for certain of our products. We also reduced headcount in certain areas. However, severance and termination costs offset any savings from the reduction in staff. Looking to 2008, we expect our selling, general and administrative expenses to increase with the anticipated increase in revenues, but to decrease as a percentage of revenues.

Impairment of Assets

For the year ended December 31, 2007, an impairment charge of approximately $386,000 million was charged to operating expenses related to goodwill from December 2002 acquisition of Entatel. For the year ended December 31, 2006, an impairment charge of $1.1 million was charged to operating expenses related to production equipment from our closed down manufacturing operations in Korea.

Other Income (Expense)

For the year ended December 31, 2007, other income (expense) was a net expense of approximately $284,000. This amount included interest and other income of $1.4 million, offset by approximately $1.7 million of interest and other expense associated from debt and financing activities. The majority of the $1.4 million other income benefit was derived from the amendment of a license agreement that reversed a license fee amortization previously recorded of $1.3 million. For the year ended December 31, 2006, other income (expense) was a net benefit of approximately $266,000. This amount included interest and other income of $1.0 million, offset by

 

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approximately $772,000 of expense associated from debt and financing activities. The majority of the $1.0 million other income benefit was derived from the sale of 392,156 shares of Ubistar common stock, formerly known as Axess Telecom, an unrelated third party. The 392,156 shares of Ubistar common stock were acquired as part of a litigation settlement in 2004.

In 2008, we expect interest and other expenses to be similar to the amount experienced in 2007 based on expected debt levels.

Provision for Income Taxes

For both 2007 and 2006, no income tax provisions were recorded. Currently, we do not record tax benefits against net losses since we have established a full reserve against all deferred tax assets. In addition, according to Internal Revenue Code regulations, we were deemed in October 2004 and March 2005 to have experienced two 50% changes in ownership during these years. These changes in ownership limit the use of our net operating loss carry-forward to a specific amount each year. We may in the future experience further ownership change events, which would similarly limit use of any net operating loss carry-forwards that might otherwise be available subsequent to the date of the most recent 50% ownership changes.

Net Loss

For the year ended December 31, 2007, net loss was $9.0 million compared to a net loss of $6.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006.

Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2006 to Year Ended December 31, 2005

General

We established record revenues of $95.5 million in 2006 based on strong revenue growth in the second half of the year. We entered 2006 with a declining revenue base due to reduced phone sales in our Asia market that originated in the second half of 2005. This decline continued in the first quarter of 2006, as revenues decreased to $10.5 million. Starting in the second quarter of 2006, revenues rebounded due to improved customer and product diversification. We established record revenues in Latin America and from our data products, and recorded revenues of $22.8 million, $32.1 million, and $30.1 million in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2006, respectively. The increased revenues from our data products has led to record product gross margins of 19 percent in the third quarter of 2006, 21 percent in the fourth quarter and 16 percent overall for 2006. The revenue growth in the second half of 2006 combined with the data product mix additionally led to profitability in the second half of 2006.

Revenues

For the year ended December 31, 2006, revenues were $95.5 million compared to $94.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, representing a 1% increase. In 2006, our revenues were derived principally from three customers, which together represented 57% of revenues, and individually represented 24%, 19%, and 14% of revenues, respectively, in 2006. In 2005, our revenues were derived principally from two customers, which together represented 80% of revenues and individually represented 59% and 21% of revenues, respectively, in 2005. Our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2006 consisted of 71% for phone products, 2% for terminal products and 27% for broadband modem products. For the year ended December 31, 2005, our revenues consisted of 92% for phone products, 2% for terminal products and 6% for broadband modem products.

Cost of Goods Sold

For the year ended December 31, 2006, cost of goods sold was $80.2 million compared to $84.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, a decrease of 5%. The decrease reflects the product mix shift from 6% modem revenue content in 2005 to 27% modem revenue content in 2006, as we typically experience higher average

 

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selling prices on our data product line. Our cost of materials declined on a per unit basis in 2006 as we were able to re-engineer our products to take advantage of cost efficient alternate parts, and reduce prices with our suppliers. In 2005 and continuing into 2006, most of our products were manufactured by one vendor WNC. We continue to work toward reduced manufacturing costs on a unit basis. We anticipate that our vendor will be able to further decrease its costs to us due to its transition from Taiwan to China, and as our purchase volume increases. We are also evaluating additional manufacturing vendors and other vendors to produce specific hardware and other components used in the manufacturing process in an effort to further reduce cost of goods sold.

Gross Margin

For the year ended December 31, 2006, gross margin as a percentage of revenues was 16% compared to 11% for the year ended December 31, 2005. The gross margin percentages increase was mainly the result of favorable product mix from our data products during the comparative periods, as we typically experience higher margins from our data products than from our phone products.

Research and Development

For the year ended December 31, 2006, research and development expenses were $5.9 million compared to $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, an increase of 7%. As a percentage of revenue, research and development for 2006 and 2005 were 6%. We are presently spending much of our research and development funds on our next generation phones, and a new line of data and GSM products. In addition, significant modifications to current products are required for each customer and each geographical location where the end user is located.

Selling, General and Administrative

For the year ended December 31, 2006, selling, general and administrative expenses were $15.2 million compared to $12.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, an increase of 23%. This increase was primarily due to external sales commissions of $2.6 million in 2006 compared to external sales commissions of approximately $317,000 in 2005. The majority of these commissions were in connection with revenues from Latin America. Other increases were primarily attributed to increases in wages and benefits of approximately $537,000. As a percentage of revenue, selling, general and administration expenses for 2006 were 16% compared to 13% in 2005. As our revenues increase, we expect our selling, general and administrative expenses to increase as we continue to grow and build our infrastructure, but decrease as a percentage of revenues.

Impairment of Assets

For the year ended December 31, 2006, an impairment charge of $1.1 million was charged to operating expenses related to production equipment from our closed down manufacturing operations in Korea.

Other Income (Expense)

For the year ended December 31, 2006, other income (expense) was a net benefit of approximately $266,000. This amount included interest and other income of $1.0 million, offset by approximately $772,000 of expense associated from debt and financing activities. The majority of the $1.0 million other income benefit was derived from the sale of 392,156 shares of Ubistar common stock, formerly known as Axess Telecom, an unrelated third party. The 392,156 shares of Ubistar common stock were acquired as part of a litigation settlement in 2004.

For the year ended December 31, 2005, other income (expense) was a net expense of approximately $477,000. This amount included interest and other income of approximately $420,000, offset by approximately $897,000 of expense associated from debt and financing activities. This expense included prepayment penalties of approximately $230,000 and the expensing of approximately $493,000 for finder fees, note payable discounts, and interest.

 

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In 2006 an increasing portion of our sales were made on credit terms. We established a working capital facility of up to $20 million with Silicon Valley Bank. We expect interest expenses to increase in 2007 based on our current debt levels.

Provision for Income Taxes

For the year ended December 31, 2006, an income tax provision of zero was recorded compared to an income tax provision of $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.

The income tax provision in 2005 reflected a write-off of a previously established tax asset. We no longer record tax benefits against net losses and have established a full reserve against all deferred tax assets. In addition, according to Internal Revenue Code regulations, we were deemed in October 2004 and March 2005 to have experienced two 50% changes in ownership during the past three years. These changes in ownership limit the use of our net operating loss carry-forward to a specific amount each year. We may in the future experience further ownership change events, which would similarly limit use of any net operating loss carry-forwards that might otherwise be available subsequent to the date of the most recent 50% ownership changes.

Net Loss

For the year ended December 31, 2006, net loss was $6.6 million compared to a net loss of $10.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2007, our principal sources of liquidity included cash and cash equivalents of $555,000 compared to $3.7 million at December 31, 2006. In addition, at December 31, 2007, accounts receivable were $20.8 million, compared to $39.0 million at December 31, 2006. At December 31, 2007, we had negative working capital of $2.9 million compared to working capital of $6.2 at December 31, 2006.

For the year ended December 31, 2007, we generated $10.2 million of cash from operations which was derived from the cash net loss of approximately $7.9 million (net loss offset by non-cash adjustments for the write-off of stock-based compensation, discount on a note, asset impairment, receivable and inventory provisions, and depreciation and amortization) and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $18.0 million.

Investment activities used approximately $462,000 of cash during the year ended December 31, 2007, primarily for the acquisition of software and equipment offset by payments made on a note receivable. As of December 31, 2007, we do not have any significant commitments for capital expenditures.

During the year ended December 31, 2007, cash used by financing activities amounted to $12.7 million, as we repaid $13.1 million of bank financing from December 31, 2006, and received new bank financing of $490,000.

We have experienced losses from operations since 2004. The proceeds from our 2005 secondary public offering provided the working capital necessary to fund the operating losses. We also structured our supply and customer relationships to minimize our working capital requirements. Under the terms of our manufacturing agreements, our contract manufacturers acquire components and manufacture finished goods to our specifications; minimizing our investment in inventory. Where possible we require our customers to provide a letter of credit to secure their purchase orders. We then financed those accounts receivables through commercial banking arrangements.

Commencing in 2007 our sales shifted from predominantly Asian countries, where commercial practices use letters of credit, to Latin American countries, where standard commercial terms are open accounts. Our largest account in 2007 was a customer in Venezuela, which does not provide letters of credit and for which we could not obtain credit insurance or secure accounts receivable financing. Selling product on open account increases our working capital requirements as we may be called upon to pay our manufacturers before we receive payment

 

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from our customers. This problem was compounded when the Venezuelan government’s exchange control arm, CADIVI, substantially delayed payments in 2007.

The delay in payment caused us to fall behind in payments to our contract manufacturer. By the end of the third quarter WNC our primary contract manufacturer began withholding shipments and stopped ordering long lead time parts. In October, 2007 we entered into an agreement with Centurion capital, pursuant to which we borrowed $5.6 million from Centurion secured by certain of our accounts receivable in Venezuela. We subsequently collected the accounts receivable and repaid the Centurion promissory note in 2007.

Since the beginning of the year in 2008, we have entered into several arrangements to address our working capital needs:

 

   

In January 2008, we entered into a distribution agreement with Brightstar Corporation to sell our products in Venezuela. Under the terms of the distribution agreement our customers submit their purchase orders to Brightstar. Brightstar then submits a purchase order to us, secured by a letter of credit. We can secure accounts receivable financing for the account receivable to Brightstar. Brightstar assumes the credit risk of the customer in Venezuela. Under this arrangement Brightstar receives a commission for accommodating the sale. This arrangement allows us to secure commercial financing for the receivable that covers product being sold to Venezuela.

 

   

We also entered into a loan transaction with Brightstar; we borrowed $5 million from Brightstar pursuant to the terms of a promissory note dated January 25, 2008. Our repayment obligations under the promissory note are secured by certain of our accounts receivable from customers in Venezuela. The promissory note bears interest at a rate of 2 percent per month subject to a minimum of 10% interest. Repayment of principal is due on the earlier of collection of the accounts receivable that secure the note, or one year from the date of issuance. The proceeds of the note were used to make payment to WNC on our delinquent account with the contract manufacturer.

 

   

In January 2008, we entered into two new commercial credit agreements with affiliates of Wells Fargo Bank. One of the credit arrangements provides working capital financing for our accounts receivable which are secured by credit insurance. The other provides working capital financing for our accounts receivable which are secured by letters of credit.

Currently, our working capital is derived from operations. Our only sources of borrowing are our lines of credit with Wells Fargo Bank, which are secured by that portion of our accounts receivable which are either credit insured or secured by a letter of credit. We intend to use this working capital financing to continue to fulfill orders for our products. For 2007 our gross margin from product sales was 21% of revenues. We anticipate that gross margin will be in the low twenties for 2008. Accordingly we are currently relying on gross margin from increased product sales to cover our operating expenses. If we fail to generate sufficient product sales we will not generate sufficient gross margin to cover our operating expenses.

We intend to secure additional working capital through the sale of debt or equity securities. No arrangements or commitments for any such financing are in place at this time, and we cannot give any assurances about the availability or terms of any future financing.

Because of our continuing net losses and our negative working capital position, our independent auditors, in their report on our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

 

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

As of December 31, 2007, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements. The following summarizes our contractual obligations at December 31, 2007 and the effect those obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in thousands):

 

     Payments Due by Period

Contractual Obligations

   Total    Less than
1 year
   1 to 3
years
   3 to 5
years
   More than
5 years

Short-term bank financing

   $ 490    $ 490    $ —      $ —      $ —  

Operating leases (facilities)

     2,396      528      1,084      375      409
                                  

Total

   $ 2,886    $ 1,018    $ 1,084    $ 375    $ 409
                                  

We have entered into an employment agreement with H. Clark Hickock that provides for severance payments if he is terminated without cause. Consequently, if we had released Mr. Hickock without cause as of December 31, 2007, the severance expense due would be valued at approximately $260,000.

We entered into a non-cancelable operating lease for approximately 17,000 square feet of office space for our corporate headquarters and United States operations. The lease term is 67 months that expires in February 2011 with a 5-year option to renew. The basic monthly rent ranges from $30,000 to $34,000 during the remainder of the 67-month period.

Our principal research and development facility is located in the Gyeonggi Province of South Korea, where we lease approximately 30,000 square feet of office space pursuant to a ten-year lease that expires in August 2015. For 2008, annual rent is approximately $172,000. Annual rent after 2008 is subject to adjustment, based on market conditions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2006, FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, the board having previously concluded in those accounting pronouncements that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute. Accordingly, this statement does not require any new fair value measurements. This statement is effective for all financial instruments issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has not yet determined the effect of SFAS No. 157 on its financial position, operations or cash flows.

In February 2007, FASB issued SFAS 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. SFAS No. 159 amends SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”. SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The objective of SFAS No. 159 is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. SFAS No. 159 is expected to expand the use of fair value measurement, which is consistent with the Board’s long-term measurement objectives for accounting for financial instruments. SFAS No. 159 applies to all entities, including not-for-profit organizations. Most of the provisions of SFAS No. 159 apply only to entities that elect the fair value option. However, the amendment to SFAS No. 115 applies to all entities with available-for-sale and trading securities. Some requirements apply differently to entities that do not report net income. This statement is effective as of the beginning of each reporting entity’s first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007. We do not expect SFAS No. 159 to have a material impact on our financial position, operations or cash flows.

 

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In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) No. 51”. SFAS No. 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary, which was previously referred to as the minority interest, and also establishes standards of accounting for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. This statement is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is prohibited. We do not believe the effect of SFAS No. 160 will affect our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007) (SFAS 141R), “Business Combinations”. SFAS No. 141R replaces SFAS 141. This statement retains the purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, but requires a number of changes, including changes in the way assets and liabilities are recognized in the purchase accounting. It changes the recognition of assets acquired and liabilities assumed arising from contingencies, requires the capitalization of in-process research and development at fair value, and requires the expensing of acquisition-related costs as incurred. This statement applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition dates are on or after the start of the first year beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is prohibited. We do not believe the effect of SFAS No. 160 will affect our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk

Our investment portfolio is maintained in accordance with our investment policy that defines allowable investments, specifies credit quality standards and limits our credit exposure to any single issuer. The fair value of our cash equivalents is subject to change as a result of changes in market interest rates and investment risk related to the issuers’ credit worthiness. Interest rates from our bank credit facility are based on LIBOR and Wells Fargo’s Prime Rate at the time our receivables are financed. These rates float as market conditions change, and as such, future financings are subject to market risk. We do not utilize financial contracts to manage our exposure in our investment portfolio to changes in interest rates. At December 31, 2007, we had approximately $555,000 in cash and cash equivalents, all of which are stated at fair value. Changes in market interest rates would not be expected to have a material impact on the fair value of our cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2007, as these consisted of securities with maturities of less than three months.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

During the year ended December 31, 2007, almost all of our revenue was generated outside the United States. In addition, most of our products were purchased from WNC in China. To mitigate the effects of currency fluctuations on the Company’s results of operations, all revenue from our international transactions and all products purchased from WNC were denominated in US dollars.

We do maintain operations in Korea for which expenses are paid in Korean Won. Accordingly, we do have currency risk resulting from fluctuations between the Korean Won and the U.S. Dollar. At the present time, we do not have any foreign exchange currency contracts to mitigate this risk. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates could impact future operating results.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The index to our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm appears in Part IV of this Form 10-K.

 

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

There have been no disagreements with our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on any matter of accounting principals or financial disclosures.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that a company files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its Principal Executive Officer and Principal Accounting Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that material information related to our company is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms.

Under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of December 31, 2007, the design and operation of such disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our evaluation under that framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2007.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

(c) Changes In Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting. No changes were made in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

(d) Limitations On Disclosure Controls And Procedures. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurances that material information related to our company is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have determined that as of December 31, 2007, our disclosure controls were effective at that “reasonable assurance” level. Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial

 

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Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors or all instances of fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and any design may not succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitation of a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

 

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PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

(a) Identification of Directors. The information under the caption “Election of Directors,” appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.

(b) Identification of Executive Officers. The information under the caption “Certain Information with Respect to Executive Officers,” appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.

(c) Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act. The information under the caption “Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act,” appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.

(d) Code of Ethics. The information under the caption “Code of Ethics” appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.

(e) Audit Committee. The information under the caption “Information Regarding the Board and its Standing Committees,” appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information under the heading “Executive Compensation and Other Information” appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence,” appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information under the heading “Principal Accountant Fees and Services,” appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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PART IV

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Axesstel, Inc.

The audits referred to in our report dated March 21, 2008 relating to the consolidated financial statements of Axesstel, Inc., which is contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K included the audit of the amounts in the accompanying financial statement schedule. This financial statement schedule is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial statement schedule based upon our audits.

In our opinion, such financial statement schedule presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

 

/s/    Gumbiner Savett Inc.

GUMBINER SAVETT INC.

Santa Monica, California

March 21, 2008

 

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) 1. Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and financial statement schedules immediately following the signature page to this report on Form 10-K.

2. Index to Financial Statement Schedules

The following Financial Statement Schedules for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements, and related notes thereto.

 

Schedule

Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

SCHEDULE II

AXESSTEL, INC.

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

For the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):

 

     Balance At
Beginning
of Year
   Additions
Charged to
Operations
   Deductions
From
Reserves
   Balance
At End
of Year

Allowance for Sales Returns and Doubtful Accounts:

           

December 31, 2007

   $ 997    $ 125    $ 997    $ 125

December 31, 2006

     500      497           997

December 31, 2005

          500           500

Warranty Reserve:

           

December 31, 2007

     463      521      524      460

December 31, 2006

     558      365      460      463

December 31, 2005

     183      516      141      558

Reserve for Excess Obsolete Inventories:

           

December 31, 2007

     195      80           275

December 31, 2006

          195           195

December 31, 2005

                   

Schedules not listed above have been omitted because they are not applicable or are not required or the information required to be set forth therein is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto.

(b) Exhibits

See Index to Exhibits immediately following the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in this report on Form 10-K.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

AXESSTEL, INC.

 

By:  

/s/    H. CLARK HICKOCK        

  H. Clark Hickock
  Chief Executive Officer
  (Principal Executive Officer)
  Date: March 28, 2008

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby severally constitutes and appoints H. Clark Hickock and Patrick Gray, and each of them, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and re-substitution for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments to this report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/    H. CLARK HICKOCK        

H. Clark Hickock

  

Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

  March 28, 2008

/s/    PATRICK GRAY        

Patrick Gray

  

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

  March 28, 2008

/s/    BRYAN B. MIN        

Bryan B. Min

  

Chairman of the Board

  March 28, 2008

/s/    JAI BHAGAT        

Jai Bhagat

  

Director

  March 28, 2008

/s/    OSMO A. HAUTANEN

Osmo A. Hautanen

  

Director

  March 28, 2008

/s/    SEUNG TAIK YANG

Seung Taik Yang

  

Director

  March 28, 2008

 

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

     Page

Consolidated Financial Statements For The Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2007

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm of Gumbiner Savett Inc.

   F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheets

   F-3

Consolidated Statements of Operations

   F-4

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

   F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

   F-6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   F-8

 

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Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

of Axesstel, Inc.

We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of Axesstel, Inc. (a Nevada corporation) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Axesstel, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has incurred substantial recurring losses from operations, the Company’s current liabilities exceed its current assets, and the Company may not have sufficient working capital or outside financing available to meet its planned operating activities over the next twelve months. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans regarding these matters are described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payments”, applying the modified prospective method at the beginning of the year ended December 31, 2006.

/s/ Gumbiner Savett Inc.

GUMBINER SAVETT INC.

March 21, 2008

Santa Monica, California

 

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Table of Contents

AXESSTEL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

     As of December 31,  
     2007     2006  
ASSETS     

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 555,301     $ 3,708,909  

Accounts receivable, less allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts of $125,000 and $997,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006

     20,801,710       39,008,789  

Inventory

     2,535,433       2,525,885  

Prepayments and other current assets

     1,295,697       2,612,340  
                

Total current assets

     25,188,141       47,855,923  
                

Property and equipment, net

     1,694,493       1,905,386  
                

Other assets:

    

License, net

     1,609,304       2,836,392  

Goodwill

     —         385,564  

Other, net

     871,059       1,206,309  
                

Total other assets

     2,480,363       4,428,265  
                

Total assets

   $ 29,362,997     $ 54,189,574  
                
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY     

Current liabilities:

    

Accounts payable

   $ 22,619,976     $ 20,979,968  

Bank financing

     490,000       13,127,450  

Accrued commissions

     1,645,099       2,077,430  

Accrued royalties

     767,000       2,994,000  

Accrued warranties

     460,000       463,000  

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

     2,105,085       1,980,432  
                

Total current liabilities

     28,087,160       41,622,280  
                

Long-term liabilities

     —         3,068,940  
                

Commitments and contingencies

    

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Common stock, par value $0.0001; Authorized 50,000,000 shares; 23,228,982 and 22,866,266 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively

     2,323       2,287  

Additional paid-in capital

     38,939,603       38,014,050  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     5,472       129,443  

Accumulated deficit

     (37,671,561 )     (28,647,426 )
                

Total stockholders’ equity

     1,275,837       9,498,354  
                

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 29,362,997     $ 54,189,574  
                

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

AXESSTEL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Revenues

   $ 82,435,385     $ 95,519,674     $ 94,665,711  

Cost of goods sold

     64,849,155       80,245,405       84,414,640  
                        

Gross margin

     17,586,230       15,274,269       10,251,071  
                        

Operating expenses

      

Research and development

     7,089,665       5,877,846       5,511,719  

Selling, general and administrative

     18,851,408       15,233,668       12,415,808  

Impairment of assets

     385,564       1,064,771       —    
                        

Total operating expenses

     26,326,637       22,176,285       17,927,527  
                        

Operating loss

     (8,740,407 )     (6,902,016 )     (7,676,456 )
                        

Other income (expense)

      

Interest income and other income

     1,399,679       1,037,750       420,409  

Interest expense and other expense

     (1,683,407 )     (771,952 )     (896,945 )
                        

Total other income (expense)

     (283,728 )     265,798       (476,536 )
                        

Loss before income tax provision

     (9,024,135 )     (6,636,218 )     (8,152,992 )

Income tax provision

     —         —         2,048,182  
                        

Net loss

     (9,024,135 )     (6,636,218 )     (10,201,174 )
                        

Loss per share

      

Basic

   $ (0.39 )   $ (0.29 )   $ (0.51 )
                        

Diluted

   $ (0.39 )   $ (0.29 )   $ (0.51 )
                        

Weighted average shares outstanding

      

Basic

     22,931,750       22,721,122       20,182,856  

Diluted

     22,931,750       22,721,122       20,182,856  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AXESSTEL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

    Common Stock   Additional
Paid In
Capital
    Unearned
Compensation
    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
    Accumulated
Deficit
    Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
    Shares   Amount          

Balances at December 31, 2004

  11,253,466   $ 1,125   $ 15,757,532     $ (779,483 )   $ (45,614 )   $ (11,810,034 )   $ 3,123,526  

Stock issued for cash

  5,484,979   $ 549   $ 20,632,463     $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 20,633,012  

Offering costs

  —       —       (2,665,220 )     —         —         —         (2,665,220 )

Stock issued for exercise of warrants and options

  4,807,992     480     1,304,967       —         —         —         1,305,447  

Stock issued for employee compensation

  10,000     1     37,999       —         —         —         38,000  

Stock issued to Board of Directors

  90,000     8     141,290       —         —         —         141,298  

Debt converted into common stock

  897,152     90     2,689,910       —         —         —         2,690,000  

Unearned compensation

  —       —       —         286,970       —         —         286,970  

Cumulative translation adjustment

  —       —       —         —         109,416       —         109,416  

Net loss

  —       —       —         —         —         (10,201,174 )     (10,201,174 )
                                                 

Balances at December 31, 2005

  22,543,589   $ 2,253   $ 37,898,941     $ (492,513 )   $ 63,802     $ (22,011,208 )   $ 15,461,275  
                                                 

Stock issued for exercise of options

  297,677   $ 31   $ 171,540     $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 171,571  

Stock issued for employee compensation

  10,000     1     11,499       —         —         —         11,500  

Stock issued to Board of Directors

  15,000     2     20,998       —         —         —         21,000  

Stock-based compensation

  —       —       142,295       —         —         —         142,295  

Unearned compensation

  —       —       (231,223 )     492,513       —         —         261,290  

Cumulative translation adjustment

  —       —       —         —         65,641       —         65,641  

Net loss

  —       —       —         —         —         (6,636,218 )     (6,636,218 )
                                                 

Balances at December 31, 2006

  22,866,266   $ 2,287   $ 38,014,050     $ —       $ 129,443     $ (28,647,426 )   $ 9,498,354  
                                                 

Stock issued for exercise of options

  7,716   $ —     $ 2,006     $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 2,006  

Stock issued for employee compensation

  10,000     1     15,499       —         —         —         15,500  

Stock issued to Board of Directors

  20,000     2     30,998       —         —         —         31,000  

Stock issued for cash

  325,000     33     308,717       —         —         —         308,750  

Stock-based compensation

  —       —       430,809       —         —         —         430,809  

Unearned compensation

  —       —       137,524       —         —         —         137,524  

Cumulative translation adjustment

  —       —       —         —         (123,971 )     —         (123,971 )

Net loss

  —       —       —         —         —         (9,024,135 )     (9,024,135 )
                                                 

Balances at December 31, 2007

  23,228,982   $ 2,323   $ 38,939,603     $ —       $ 5,472     $ (37,671,561 )   $ 1,275,837  
                                                 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AXESSTEL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Cash flows from operating activities:

      

Net loss

   $ (9,024,135 )   $ (6,636,218 )   $ (10,201,174 )

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

      

Depreciation and amortization

     1,907,008       2,798,775       3,094,826  

License fee amortization reversal

     (1,333,333 )     —         —    

Asset impairment

     385,564       1,064,771       —    

Stock-based compensation

     614,833       153,795       38,000  

Discount on note

     391,235       —         —    

Provision for sales returns and losses on accounts receivable

     (871,715 )     496,715       500,000  

Provision for inventory obsolescence

     80,490       194,510    

Deferred tax assets

     —         —         1,900,000  

(Increase) decrease in:

      

Accounts receivable

     19,078,794       (25,809,423 )     (5,419,741 )

Inventories

     (90,038 )     593,624       (3,314,019 )

Prepayments and other current assets

     1,331,198       900,188       155,406  

Other assets

     (852,685 )     (224,828 )     (673,286 )

Increase (decrease) in:

      

Accounts payable

     1,370,008       10,900,699       (5,611,947 )

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

     (2,836,618 )     5,343,931       (1,135,626 )
                        

Total adjustments

     19,174,741       (3,587,243 )     (10,466,387 )
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

     10,150,606       (10,223,461 )     (20,667,561 )
                        

Cash flows from investing activities:

      

Proceeds from note receivable

     294,741       54,856       —    

Acquisition of property and equipment

     (757,055 )     (1,409,650 )     (2,987,849 )
                        

Net cash used in investing activities

     (462,314 )     (1,354,794 )     (2,987,849 )
                        

Cash flows from financing activities:

      

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of costs

     310,756       171,571       19,273,237  

Proceeds from bank financing

     490,000       13,127,450       7,239,000  

Repayment of bank financing

     (13,127,450 )     (7,239,000 )     (1,330,000 )

Proceeds from borrowings

     5,190,250       —         —    

Repayment of borrowings

     (5,581,485 )     —         —    
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     (12,717,929 )     6,060,021       25,182,237  
                        

Cumulative translation adjustment

     (123,971 )     65,641       109,416  
                        

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     (3,153,608 )     (5,452,593 )     1,636,243  
                        

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

     3,708,909       9,161,502       7,525,259  
                        

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

   $ 555,301     $ 3,708,909     $ 9,161,502  
                        

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

      

Cash paid during the period for:

      

Interest

   $ 1,654,681     $ 540,513     $ 333,824  

Income tax

   $ —       $ —       $ 213,063  

 

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Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:

During 2007, we entered into the following transactions:

 

   

We reversed capitalized license costs and a long-term contingent liability associated with the 2005 expanded CDMA license of $2,500,000. The license and related fee was amended in 2007 and there is no contingent liability based on certain milestones being achieved.

During 2006, we entered into the following transactions:

 

   

Issued a $960,000 note receivable with a three year term in connection with our sale of fixed assets of $700,000 and other assets of $260,000.

During 2005, we entered into the following transactions:

 

   

We issued 125,000 shares of common stock to North America Venture Fund II, L.P. and 772,152 shares of common stock to Laurus Master Fund, Ltd. in repayment for notes payable of $2,690,000 in the aggregate.

 

   

We recorded capitalized license costs and a long-term liability associated with an expanded CDMA license of $2,500,000. The liability was contingent on certain milestones being achieved.

 

   

We issued 135,000 shares of common stock to members of the Company’s Board of Directors and cancelled 45,000 shares. Combined, these shares are valued at $141,300.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AXESSTEL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2007

1. THE COMPANY AND ITS SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company

Axesstel, Inc. (“we”, “Axesstel” or the “Company”) designs, develops, manufactures and markets fixed wireless voice and broadband data products for worldwide telecommunications. We sell our products to telecommunications service providers in developing countries. The product portfolio includes fixed wireless desktop phones, payphones, voice/data terminals, broadband modems, and 3G gateway devices for access to voice calling and high-speed data services.

Axesstel was originally formed in July 2000 as a California corporation (“Axesstel California”) and through a reverse merger in August 2002 became Axesstel, Inc., a Nevada corporation.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and operating results of Axesstel and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We maintain cash and cash equivalents with various commercial banks. These bank accounts are generally guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $100,000. At times, cash balances at any single bank may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. The deposits are made with reputable financial institutions and we do not anticipate realizing any losses from these deposits.

Accounts Receivable

We extend credit based on evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and payment history. At times, obligations for our foreign customers are secured either by letters of credit or by credit insurance. Significant management judgment is required to determine the allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts. Management determines the adequacy of the allowance based on historical write-off percentages and information collected from individual customers. Accounts receivable are charged off against the allowance when collectibility is determined to be permanently impaired. At December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts was $125,000 and $997,000, respectively.

 

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Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. We review the components of the inventory on a regular basis for excess or obsolete inventory based on estimated future usage and sales. Management concluded that an inventory reserve of approximately $275,000 and $195,000 was needed as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, as follows:

 

Machinery and equipment

   3 to 7 years

Office furniture and equipment

   3 to 7 years

Software

   3 years

Leasehold improvements

   Life of lease, or useful life if shorter

License

License includes the costs of a non-exclusive worldwide software technology license which allows us to manufacture both fixed wireless and mobile CDMA, WCDMA, HSDPA and HSUPA based products and to sell and/or distribute them worldwide. The license has no fixed termination date. License costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic life of the license, which management has estimated ranges from three to ten years.

Patents and Trademarks

Patents and trademarks are recorded at cost. Amortization is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is approximately four years.

Software Development Costs

Software development costs for products sold (primarily firmware embedded in the Company’s products) incurred after technological feasibility is established are capitalized in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 86, “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed.” Significant management judgment is required in determining when technological feasibility has been achieved for a particular product. Capitalized software development costs are amortized when products are available for general release to customers, using the greater of (a) the ratio that current gross revenues for the products bear to the total current and anticipated future gross revenues for the products or (b) the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the products.

SFAS No. 86 and other authoritative literature, interpretations and industry practices prescribe that technological feasibility is reached when both the software and other components of the product’s research and development activities are completed. Our engineering processes demonstrate that the research and development activities of our products are completed simultaneously with the commencement of the manufacturing process. As such, we expense all research and development activities performed up to the commencement of the manufacturing process and have not capitalized any software costs as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006. Engineering product maintenance costs incurred after the commencement of the manufacturing process are expensed as incurred.

 

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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We account for the impairment of long-lived assets, such as fixed assets, licenses, patents and trademarks, under the provisions of SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets.” SFAS No. 144 establishes the accounting for impairment of long-lived tangible and intangible assets other than goodwill and for the disposal of a business. Pursuant to SFAS No. 144, we periodically evaluate, at least annually, whether facts or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of depreciable assets to be held and used may not be recoverable. If such circumstances are determined to exist, an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows produced by the long-lived asset, or the appropriate grouping of assets, is compared to the carrying value to determine whether impairment exists. If an asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured based on various valuation techniques, including a discounted value of estimated future cash flows. We report impairment costs as a charge to operations at the time it is recognized.

During the year ended December 31, 2007, we determined that our goodwill was impaired and wrote off the carrying value of approximately $386,000. In the year ended December 31, 2006, we recorded an impairment charge of $1.1 million for long-lived assets associated with the closure of our Korean manufacturing location prior to the sale of those assets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We measure our financial assets and liabilities in accordance with the requirements of SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial Instruments.” The carrying values of accounts receivable, accounts payable, bank financing, accrued expenses, and other liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Revenue Recognition and Warranty Costs

Revenues from product sales are recognized when the risks of ownership and title pass to the customer, as specified in (1) the respective sales agreements and (2) other revenue recognition criterion as prescribed by Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 101 (SAB 101), “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements,” as amended by SAB No. 104. Generally, the risk of ownership and title pass when product is received by the customer’s freight forwarder. If and when defective products are returned, we normally exchange them or provide a credit to the customer. The returned products are shipped back to the supplier and we are issued a credit or exchange from the supplier. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, the allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts was $125,000 and $997,000, respectively.

On certain contracts, we provide warranty replacement units ranging from 1-2 percent of total units shipped. The cost related to the standard warranty replacement units are included in the cost of goods sold and recorded when revenue is recognized. All products are inspected for quality prior to shipment and we have historically experienced a minimal level of defective units. On other contracts, we do not provide warranty replacement units. In these cases, we provide warranty support to the customer through service centers operated by third parties under contract with us. Costs for these service centers are recorded to cost of sales when revenue is recognized. During the year ended December 31, 2007, warranty costs amounted to approximately $524,000 and, as of December 31, 2007, we have established a warranty reserve of approximately $460,000 to cover additional service costs over the life of the warranties. During the year ended December 31, 2006, warranty costs amounted to approximately $365,000 and, as of December 31, 2006, we had established a warranty reserve of $463,000 to cover additional service costs over the life of the warranties.

Research and Development

Costs incurred in research and development activities are expensed as incurred.

 

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Stock-Based Compensation

Adoption of SFAS 123R

Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted SFAS No. 123R (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, (SFAS 123R) which establishes standards for the accounting of transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, primarily focusing on accounting for transactions where an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. SFAS 123R requires an entity to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, including stock options, based on the grant-date fair value of the award and to recognize it as compensation expense over the period the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. SFAS 123R supersedes our previous accounting under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25) and SFAS 123, Accounting for Stock Based Compensation, for periods beginning January 1, 2006. In March 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB 107) relating to SFAS 123R. We have applied the provisions of SAB 107 in our adoption of SFAS 123R.

We adopted SFAS 123R using the modified prospective transition method, which requires the application of the accounting standard as of January 1, 2006. Our Consolidated Financial Statements as of the years ended December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 reflect the impact of SFAS 123R. In accordance with the modified prospective transition method, our Consolidated Financial Statements for prior periods have not been restated to reflect, and do not include, the impact of SFAS 123R, except for disclosures for comparative purposes.

SFAS 123R requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, we accounted for stock-based awards to employees and directors using the intrinsic value method in accordance with APB 25 as allowed under SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123). Under the intrinsic value method, no stock-based compensation expense had been recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, as all options granted under those plans are intended to have an exercise price equal to or greater than the market value of the underlying common stock at the date of grant.

As a result of adopting SFAS 123(R), our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 is approximately $431,000 and $142,000 greater respectively, than if we had continued to account for share-based compensation under APB 25. As a result of adopting SFAS 123(R), basic and diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, was reduced by $0.02 and $0.01 per share, respectively.

Compensation Costs

Results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 include stock-based compensation costs of approximately $615,000, $154,000, and $38,000, respectively. Following is a summary of stock-based compensation costs, by income statement classification (in thousands):

 

     Years ended December 31,
       2007        2006        2005  

Research and development

   $ 94    $ —      $ —  

Selling, general and administrative

     521      154      38
                    

Total

     615      154      38
                    

Tax effect on share-based compensation

     —        —        —  
                    

Net effect on net income

   $ 615    $ 154    $ 38
                    

Effect on earnings per share:

        

Basic

   $ 0.03    $ 0.01    $ 0.00

Diluted

   $ 0.03    $ 0.01    $ 0.00

 

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Valuation of Stock Option Awards

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. All options granted have a maximum term of ten years. As permitted by SAB 107, we utilized the “shortcut approach” to estimate the options’ expected term, which represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our stock. We estimated the forfeiture rate based on historical data for forfeitures and we recognize compensation costs only for those equity awards expected to vest. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant. We have never declared or paid dividends and have no plans to do so in the foreseeable future.

The following weighted-average assumptions were utilized for the calculations during each period:

 

     Years ended December 31,  
   2007     2006     2005  

Expected life (in years)

   6.00     6.00     6.00  

Expected volatility

   65 %   68% to 84 %   54% to 70 %

Weighted average volatility

   65 %   75 %   62 %

Forfeiture rate

   12 %   12 %   —    

Risk-free interest rate

   4.76 %   4.30% to 4.99 %   6.0 %

Expected dividend yield

   —       —       —    

Adjusted net loss information

If we had elected to recognize compensation expense based upon the fair value of the share price (determined by the approximate market price at the time of grant) at the grant date for stock option awards consistent with the methodology prescribed by SFAS No. 123, the Company’s net loss and loss per share would be adjusted to the pro forma amounts indicated below:

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2005  

Net loss, as reported

   $ (10,201,174 )

Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects

     (2,797,675 )
        

Pro forma net loss

   $ (12,998,849 )
        

Loss per share:

  

Basic—as reported

   $ (0.51 )

Basic—pro forma

   $ (0.64 )

Diluted—as reported

   $ (0.51 )

Diluted—pro forma

   $ (0.64 )

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109 “Accounting for Income Taxes.” As such, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reported amounts at each period end, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The provision for income taxes represents the tax payable for the period, if any, and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

 

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Earnings (loss) per Share

We utilize SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share.” Basic earnings (loss) per share are computed by dividing earnings (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed similar to basic earnings (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include additional common shares available upon exercise of stock options and warrants using the treasury stock method, except for periods of operating loss for which no common shares equivalents are included because their effect would be anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, 3,389,058; 4,581,274 and 3,484,976 potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation because they are anti-dilutive.

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Numerator:

      

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (9,024,135 )   $ (6,636,218 )   $ (10,201,174 )

Denominator:

      

Denominator for basic net income per share—weighted average shares

     22,931,750       22,721,122       20,182,856  

Effect of dilutive securities:

      

Stock options and warrants

     —         —         —    
                        

Dilutive potential common stock

     —         —         —    
                        

Denominator for diluted income per share—adjusted weighted average shares

     22,931,750       22,721,122       20,182,856  

Basic loss per share

   $ (0.39 )   $ (0.29 )   $ (0.51 )
                        

Diluted loss per share

   $ (0.39 )   $ (0.29 )   $ (0.51 )
                        

Foreign Currency Exchange Gains and Losses

Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiary is the Korean won. Our subsidiary’s assets and liabilities are translated into United States dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated at the weighted average rate of exchange prevailing during the period. The resulting cumulative translation adjustments are disclosed as a component of cumulative other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded in the statements of operations as a component of other income (expense).

Comprehensive Income

We adopted SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income.” This statement establishes standards for reporting comprehensive income and its components in financial statements. Comprehensive income, as defined, includes all changes in equity (net assets) during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Examples of items to be included in comprehensive income, which are excluded from net income, include foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities. Comprehensive income is as follows:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Net loss

   $ (9,024,135 )   $ (6,636,218 )   $ (10,201,174 )

Other comprehensive loss:

      

Foreign currency translation adjustment

     (123,971 )     65,641       109,416  
                        

Comprehensive loss

   $ (9,148,106 )   $ (6,570,577 )   $ (10,091,758 )
                        

 

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Certain Risks and Concentrations

We extend credit based on evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and payment history. At times, obligations for our foreign customers are secured either by letters of credit or by credit insurance. Significant management judgment is required to determine the allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts. Based on our risk assessment, at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the allowance for sales returns and doubtful accounts was approximately $125,000 and $997,000, respectively. Significant management judgment is required to determine the allowance for sales return and doubtful accounts.

Our products include components subject to rapid technological change. Significant technological change could adversely affect our operating results and subject us to product obsolescence. We have return privileges with many of our suppliers and other ongoing programs to minimize the adverse effects of technological change.

During 2007, 69% of our revenues were from three customers, comprised of 32%, 20% and 17%. At December 31, 2007, the amounts due from such customers were $864,000, $11.1 million, and $3.2 million, respectively, which were included in accounts receivable. During 2007, 60% of our revenues were from Venezuela and India, comprised of 43% and 17%, respectively. At December 31, 2007, the amounts due from customers in such countries were $10.5 million and $3.2 million, respectively. During 2007, we purchased the majority of our products from one manufacturer. At December 31, 2007, the amount due to this manufacturer was $20.0 million.

During 2006, 57% of our revenues were from three customers, comprised of 24%, 19% and 14%. At December 31, 2006, the amounts due from such customers were $15.2 million, $8.6 million and $5.1 million, respectively, which were included in accounts receivable. During 2006, we purchased the majority of our products from one manufacturer. At December 31, 2006, the amount due to this manufacturer was $9.5 million.

During 2005, 80% of our revenues were from two customers, comprised of 59%, and 21%. At December 31, 2005, the amounts due from such customers were $6.7 million and $4.5 million, respectively, which were included in accounts receivable. During 2005, we purchased the majority of our products from one manufacturer. At December 31, 2005, the amount due to this manufacturer was $7.5 million.

As of December 31, 2007, we maintained assets of approximately $4.8 million at locations in South Korea. Although this country is considered politically and economically stable, it is possible that unanticipated events in this foreign country could disrupt our operations.

Shipping and handling expenses

We include shipping and handling expenses in cost of goods sold. Shipping and handling fees amounted to approximately $1.7 million, $3.0 million, and $71,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2006 and 2005 financial statements to conform to the 2007 presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2006, FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, the board having previously concluded in those accounting pronouncements that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute. Accordingly, this statement does not require any new fair value

 

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measurements. This statement is effective for all financial instruments issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We do not expect SFAS No. 157 to have a material impact on our financial position, operations or cash flows.

In February 2007, FASB issued SFAS 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. SFAS No. 159 amends SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”. SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The objective of SFAS No. 159 is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. SFAS No. 159 is expected to expand the use of fair value measurement, which is consistent with the Board’s long-term measurement objectives for accounting for financial instruments. SFAS No. 159 applies to all entities, including not-for-profit organizations. Most of the provisions of SFAS No. 159 apply only to entities that elect the fair value option. However, the amendment to SFAS No. 115 applies to all entities with available-for-sale and trading securities. Some requirements apply differently to entities that do not report net income. This statement is effective as of the beginning of each reporting entity’s first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007. We do not expect SFAS No. 159 to have a material impact on our financial position, operations or cash flows.

In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) No. 51”. SFAS No. 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary, which was previously referred to as the minority interest, and also establishes standards of accounting for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. This statement is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is prohibited. We do not believe the effect of SFAS No. 160 will affect our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007) (SFAS 141R), “Business Combinations”. SFAS No. 141R replaces SFAS 141. This statement retains the purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, but requires a number of changes, including changes in the way assets and liabilities are recognized in the purchase accounting. It changes the recognition of assets acquired and liabilities assumed arising from contingencies, requires the capitalization of in-process research and development at fair value, and requires the expensing of acquisition-related costs as incurred. This statement applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition dates are on or after the start of the first year beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is prohibited. We do not believe the effect of SFAS No. 160 will affect our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

2. LIQUIDITY AND GOING CONCERN

We have experienced losses from operations since 2004. The proceeds from our 2005 secondary public offering provided the working capital necessary to fund the operating losses through 2007. We also structured our supply and customer relationships to minimize our working capital requirements. Under the terms of our manufacturing agreements, our contract manufacturers acquire components and manufacture finished goods to our specifications, minimizing our investment in inventory. Where possible, we require our customers to provide a letter of credit to secure their purchase orders. We then finance those accounts receivables through commercial banking arrangements.

Commencing in 2007 our sales shifted from predominantly Asian countries, where commercial practices use letters of credit, to Latin American countries, where standard commercial terms are open accounts. Our largest account in 2007 was a customer in Venezuela, which does not provide letters of credit and for which we could not obtain credit insurance or secure accounts receivable financing. Accordingly, we could not borrow against our accounts receivable from this customer to pay our contract manufacturer for costs of goods sold. This

 

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problem was compounded when the Venezuelan government’s exchange control arm, CADIVI, substantially delayed payments in 2007. The delay in payment caused us to fall behind in payments to our contract manufacturer, who imposed shipment delays and stopped ordering long lead time parts in the fourth quarter.

By the end of 2007, we had collected a substantial portion of our accounts receivable. Following the end of the year, we entered into additional arrangements to augment our working capital. However, each of these arrangements is based on borrowing against our accounts receivable.

We finished the year ended December 31, 2007 with cash and cash equivalents of approximately $555,000, and a negative working capital of $2.9 million. Currently our only source of borrowing is secured by that portion of our accounts receivable which are either credit insured or secured by a letter of credit. We intend to use this working capital financing to continue to fulfill orders for our products.

For 2007, our gross margin from product sales was 21% of revenues. We anticipate that gross margin will be in the low twenties for 2008. Accordingly we are currently relying on gross margin from increased product sales and accounts receivable financing to cover our operating expenses. If we fail to generate sufficient product sales, we will not generate sufficient gross margin to cover our operating expenses.

Currently, our working capital is derived from operations. Our only sources of borrowing are our lines of credit with Wells Fargo Bank, which are secured by that portion of our accounts receivable which are either credit insured or secured by a letter of credit. We intend to use this working capital financing to continue to fulfill orders for our products. For 2007 our gross margin from product sales was 21% of revenues. We anticipate that gross margin will be in the low twenties for 2008. Accordingly we are currently relying on gross margin from increased product sales to cover our operating expenses. If we fail to generate sufficient product sales we will not generate sufficient gross margin to cover our operating expenses.

We intend to secure additional working capital through the sale of debt or equity securities. No arrangements or commitments for any such financing are in place at this time, and we cannot give any assurances about the availability or terms of any future financing.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. As a result of the foregoing, our independent registered public accounting firm, in its report on our 2007 consolidated financial statements, expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that could result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

3. PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepayments and other current assets consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,
2007
   December 31,
2006

Prepaid taxes

   $ 232,678    $ 173,452

Prepaid financing fees

     —        100,000

Prepaid insurance

     164,875      222,346

Prepaid rent

     228,935      162,243

Prepaid tooling

     105,320      85,176

Supplier advances

     48,017      1,518,878

Note receivable, current portion

     309,297      294,742

Other

     206,575      55,503
             
   $ 1,295,697    $ 2,612,340
             

 

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4. INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,
2007
    December 31,
2006
 

Raw materials

   $ 2,481,014     $ 710,724  

Work in process

     7,889       27,469  

Finished goods

     321,530       1,982,202  
                
     2,810,433       2,720,395  

Less reserves for excess and obsolete inventories

     (275,000 )     (194,510 )
                
   $ 2,535,433     $ 2,525,885  
                

5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,
2007
    December 31,
2006
 

Machinery and equipment

   $ 1,664,797     $ 1,317,669  

Office furniture and equipment

     739,774       694,759  

Software

     3,055,170       2,691,288  

Leasehold improvements

     356,380       355,350  
                
     5,816,121       5,059,066  

Accumulated depreciation

     (4,121,628 )     (3,153,680 )
                
   $ 1,694,493     $ 1,905,386  
                

6. OTHER ASSETS

Other assets consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,
2007
   December 31,
2006

Deposits

   $ 156,774    $ 215,070

Note receivable, long-term portion

     241,976      551,272

Patents and trademarks, net

     472,309      439,967
             
   $ 871,059    $ 1,206,309
             

7. LICENSE

CDMA and WCDMA Licenses

In November 2000, we entered into a Subscriber Unit License Agreement (the “Agreement”) pursuant to which we obtained a non-exclusive license of CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) technology, which has enabled us to manufacture and sell certain fixed wireless CDMA based products and to purchase certain components and equipment from time to time.

In February 2005, we entered into an amendment to the Agreement to expand the scope of the license and to allow us to make, use and sell certain mobile CDMA based products in addition to fixed wireless CDMA based products currently offered. The cost associated with the amendment to this Agreement was $2,500,000. The license agreement was amended on October 2, 2007. This amendment expands the scope of our license to include rights to make, use and sell products utilizing WCDMA technology. The cost associated with this amendment is

 

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$5.5 million. Of that amount, $500,000 is payable in quarterly installments of $125,000 commencing on November 2, 2007, and $5.0 million is due in quarterly installments of $500,000 upon commencement of the manufacturing or marketing our products as “mobile” rather than fixed wireless. In addition, this amendment clarifies that the accrued license fee of $2,500,000 as of September 30, 2007 is due in equal quarterly installments of $250,000 upon commencement of the manufacturing or marketing of our products as “mobile” rather than fixed wireless. We do not presently intend to manufacture or market mobile solutions. Accordingly, we have reflected a net decrease in our license and corresponding long term liability as a result of the increase in our license of $500,000 for the portion of the October 2007 amendment and a decrease of $2.5 million from the February 2005 amendment as further clarified in the October 2007 amendment.

HSDPA and HSUPA Licenses

In 2007, we entered into a worldwide license agreement which allows us to manufacture and sell certain HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Package Access) and HSUPA (High-Speed Uplink Packet Access) based products. At December 31, 2007, the license fee was $200,000. This license fee may grow to $900,000 based on certain milestones being successfully completed.

All of our licenses have no fixed termination date and we have assigned an estimated life ranging from three to ten years. The license consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,
2007
    December 31,
2006
 

License

   $ 3,700,000     $ 5,500,000  

Accumulated amortization

     (2,090,696 )     (2,663,608 )
                
   $ 1,609,304     $ 2,836,392  
                

Amortization expense related to these licenses amounted to $760,421, $838,200 and $796,529 for years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. During 2007, we reversed amortization expense of $1,333,333 and recorded that amount to other income due to the license fee amendment. Estimated future amortization expense related to licenses at December 31, 2007 is as follows:

 

     In Thousands

2008

   $ 616

2009

     438

2010

     380

2011

     100

2012

     75
      

Total

   $ 1,609
      

8. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES

We account for goodwill and other intangibles in accordance with SFAS No. 142 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and have elected to test them for impairment annually. These tests will be performed more frequently if there are triggering events. We completed our testing for the year ended December 31, 2007 using the method discussed in SFAS No. 142 and determined that our goodwill of $385,564 was impaired due to recent market and technology changes. We recorded this impairment charge to operations. Management concluded that no other impairment charges were required at December 31, 2007.

 

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9. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,
2007
   December 31,
2006

Customer advances

   $ 286,806    $ 14,000

Lease liability

     78,781      96,131

Accrued payroll, taxes and benefits

     497,762      902,170

Accrued freight

     170,000      344,000

Accrued interest

     —        244,964

Accrued legal and professional fees

     597,000      143,998

Accrued operating expenses

     474,736      235,169
             
   $ 2,105,085    $ 1,980,432
             

10. LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

Long-term liabilities consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,
2007
   December 31,
2006

Accrued license fee

   $ —      $ 2,500,000

Note payable

     —        346,950

Accrued interest

     —        28,940

Accrued payroll taxes

     —        193,050
             
   $ —      $ 3,068,940
             

11. BANK FINANCING

As of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, we had outstanding bank loans of $490,000 and $13.1 million from Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), secured by our accounts receivable and other assets. The $13.1 million loan balance from December 31, 2006 has since been repaid, and the loan balance from December 31, 2007 of $490,000 reflects financing activities from 2007. The outstanding principal balance of the loans bear interest ranging from LIBOR rate plus 2.5% to SVB’s Prime Rate plus 2.5%, and are due upon receipt of the related receivable.

12. INCOME TAXES

The following table presents the current and deferred income tax provision (benefit) for federal, state and foreign income taxes:

 

     2007     2006     2005  

Current tax provision:

      

Federal

   $ —       $ —       $ 141,805  

State

     —         —         6,377  

Foreign

     —         —         —    
                        
   $ —       $ —       $ 148,182  
                        

Deferred tax provision (benefit):

      

Federal

     (3,230,000 )     (4,514,000 )     (2,189,000 )

State

     (812,000 )     (676,000 )     (395,000 )

Valuation allowance

     4,042,000       5,190,000       4,484,000  
                        
     —         —         1,900,000  
                        

Total provision (benefit) for income taxes:

   $ —       $ —       $ 2,048,182  
                        

 

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Current income taxes (benefits) are based upon the year’s income taxable for federal, state and foreign tax reporting purposes. Deferred income taxes (benefits) are provided for certain income and expenses, which are recognized in different periods for tax and financial reporting purposes.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the period in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income.

Our policy is not to record deferred income taxes on the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.

Significant components of our net deferred tax asset or liability at December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:

 

     2007     2006  

Net operating loss

   $ 14,212,000     $ 9,646,000  

Compensation

     63,000       688,000  

Accrued warranty

     183,000       170,000  

Inventory

     110,000       71,000  

Bad debt reserve

     50,000       367,000  

Accumulated depreciation

     847,000       232,000  

Royalties

     —         563,000  

SFAS 123R

     228,000       52,000  

Contributions

     136,000       119,000  

Credits

     449,000       328,000  
                

Total gross deferred tax assets

     16,278,000       12,236,000  

Valuation allowance

     (16,278,000 )     (12,236,000 )
                

Net deferred tax assets

   $ —       $ —    
                

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets at December 31, 2007 and 2006, management considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, the projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on our analysis, we concluded not to retain a deferred tax asset since it is uncertain whether we can utilize this asset in future periods. Therefore, we have established a full reserve against this asset. The valuation allowance increased to $16,278,000 representing an increase of $4,042,000 during 2007.

A reconciliation of the expected tax computed at the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to the total benefit for income taxes at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 follows:

 

     2007     2006     2005  

Expected tax at 34%

   $ (3,068,206 )   $ (1,504,211 )   $ (2,308,289 )

Change in valuation allowance

     4,042,000       5,190,000       4,484,000  

Deferred true ups, not benefited

     —         (3,546,183 )     —    

State income tax, net of federal tax

     (390,044 )     (124,247 )     (301,039 )

Non-deductible expenses

     (273,672 )     (13,481 )     131,033  

Research credits

     (92,000 )     —         —    

Other

     (218,078 )     (1,878 )     42,477  
                        

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

   $ —       $ —       $ 2,048,182  
                        

 

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At December 31, 2007, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $38,721,000 and $17,953,000, respectively. The federal and state loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2023 and 2013 respectively, unless previously utilized.

We also had federal and state research credit carryforwards of approximately $208,000 and $366,000 respectively. The federal research credit carryforwards will begin expiring in 2010 unless previously utilized. The state research credit will carry forward indefinitely.

Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382, the use of our net operating loss carryforwards will be limited if a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50% has occurred within a three-year period.

We have determined that more likely than not the net deferred tax asset will not be realized under SFAS 109. Accordingly, the Company has established a valuation allowance in the amount of $16,278,000 at December 31, 2007.

On July 13, 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“FIN 48”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an entity’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attributes for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under FIN 48, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006.

We adopted FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes on January 1, 2007. We recognized no cumulative effect adjustment as a result of adopting FIN 48. At January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2007, we have no unrecognized tax benefits

Our continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2007, we have no accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits including accrued interest and penalty is as follows (in millions):

 

Gross unrecognized tax benefits at January 1, 2007

   $

Gross increases for tax positions of prior years

    

Gross decreases for tax positions of prior years

    

Gross increases for tax positions of current year

    

Settlements

    

Lapse of statute of limitations

    

Gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2007

   $

We are subject to taxation in the U.S., California, and Korea. Our tax year for 2004 and forward are subject to examination by the U.S. and California tax authorities due to the carry-forward of unutilized research and development credits. The tax years 2004 to 2007 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject. We are not currently under examination by any tax authority.

 

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13. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock - 2007 Activity

In 2007, employee stock options for 7,716 shares of our common stock were exercised at a price of $.26 resulting in proceeds of approximately $2,000.

In 2007, we issued 10,000 shares of our common stock to an employee and 20,000 shares to members of our Board of Directors. All were valued at $1.55 per share, the fair market value at the time of grant.

In 2007, we issued 325,000 shares of our unregistered common stock to Centurion Credit Resources, LLC pursuant to a securities purchase agreement for debt financing. The shares were valued at $.95 per share, the fair market value at the time of grant.

Common Stock - 2006 Activity

We issued to a finder 50,000 shares of our common stock for services rendered in connection with the January 2004 financing. Pursuant to an advisor agreement, we agreed to issue to the finder a total of 150,000 shares of common stock on the following schedule: 50,000 shares in January 2004 upon the closing of the financing, and an additional 50,000 shares in each of January 2005 and January 2006. The value of these shares was recorded in 2004.

In 2006, we issued 10,000 shares of our common stock at its fair market value of $1.15 per share to an employee.

In 2006, we cancelled 30,000 shares of our common stock valued at $1.58 per share issued to a former Board member and issued 45,000 shares of our common stock valued at $1.52 per share to a member of our Board of Directors. The newly issued 45,000 shares vest over a three-year period.

In 2006, employee stock options for 247,677 shares of our common stock were exercised at prices ranging from $.26 to $1.30 per share resulting in proceeds of approximately $172,000.

Common Stock - 2005 Activity

In January 2005, stock warrants and employee stock options for 939,710 shares of our stock were exercised at prices ranging from $.07 to $.26 per share resulting in proceeds of approximately $160,000.

In January 2005, we issued 125,000 shares of its common stock at the conversion price of $2.00 per share to North America Ventures Fund II, L.P. in connection with the conversion of 25% of the investor’s convertible term note of $1,000,000, funded in January 2004.

In February 2005, we issued to a finder 50,000 shares of our common stock for services rendered in connection with the Company’s January 2004 financing. Pursuant to an advisor agreement, we agreed to issue to the finder a total of 150,000 shares of common stock on the following schedule: 50,000 shares in January 2004 upon the closing of the financing, and an additional 50,000 shares in each of January 2005 and January 2006.

In February 2005, we issued 22,152 shares of its common stock at the conversion price of $3.16 per share to Laurus Master Fund, Ltd. (“Laurus”) in connection with the payment of a portion of the principal related to the investor’s convertible term note of $3,000,000, funded in March 2004, and payment of a portion of the principal related to the investor’s convertible term note of $1,000,000, funded in August 2004.

In February 2005, we issued 270,271 shares of the Company’s common stock to three private equity funds managed by ComVentures, a venture capital firm based in Palo Alto, California, at a price of $3.70 per share for aggregate proceeds of $1.0 million.

 

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In February 2005, stock warrants for 3,323 shares of our stock were exercised at a price of $3.16 per share resulting in proceeds of approximately $11,000.

In March 2005, we issued 4,714,708 shares of its common stock in an underwritten public offering, and issued and sold an additional 3,285,561 shares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants and employee stock options. The public offering price was $4.00 per share and less underwriter discounts and commissions of $.26 per share, resulted in net proceeds of $3.74 per share to the Company. Net proceeds for this offering, less legal and other transaction costs, was approximately $15.9 million.

In March 2005, we issued 500,000 shares of our common stock to three private equity funds managed by ComVentures, a venture capital firm based in Palo Alto, California, at a price of $4.00 per share for aggregate proceeds of $2.0 million.

In March 2005, employee stock options for 101,801 shares of our common stock were exercised at prices ranging from $.07 to $.26 per share resulting in proceeds of approximately $17,000.

In March 2005, we issued 750,000 shares of its common stock at the conversion price of $3.16 per share to Laurus in connection with the payment of a portion of the principal related to the investor’s convertible term note of $3,000,000, funded in March 2004, resulting in proceeds of $2.4 million.

In April 2005, employee stock options for 18,920 shares of our common stock were exercised at prices ranging from $.26 to $.60 per share resulting in proceeds of approximately $11,000.

In May 2005, we issued 10,000 shares of our common stock at its fair market value of $3.80 per share to an employee.

In May 2005, employee stock options for 20,356 shares of our common stock were exercised at prices ranging from $.26 to $.60 per share resulting in proceeds of approximately $10,000.

In June 2005, we cancelled 30,000 shares of our restricted common stock valued at $3.10 per share issued to a former member of the board of directors.

In June 2005, stock warrants and employee stock options for 135,868 shares of our stock were exercised at prices ranging from $.07 to $2.00 per share resulting in proceeds of approximately $122,000.

In July 2005, employee stock options for 115,205 shares of our stock were exercised at prices ranging from $.26 to $2.84 per share resulting in proceeds of approximately $166,000.

In August 2005, employee stock options for 112,915 shares of our stock were exercised at prices ranging from $.26 to $2.84 per share resulting in proceeds of approximately $130,000.

In September 2005, employee stock options for 14,333 shares of our stock were exercised at prices ranging from $.60 to $2.20 per share resulting in proceeds of approximately $13,000.

In November 2005, we issued 90,000 shares of our common stock to two members of our Board of Director at $2.38 per share.

In November 2005, employee stock options for 10,000 shares of our stock were exercised at $.26 per share resulting in proceeds of approximately $3,000.

In December 2005, we issued 45,000 shares of our common stock to a member of our Board of Director at $1.58 per share. In addition, we cancelled 15,000 shares of its common stock valued at $3.10 per share issued to a former Board member.

 

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Stock Option Activity

Prior to the adoption of the 2004 Equity Plan, we adopted three stock option plans which were approved by the Board of Directors, reserving a total of 2,893,842 shares, which are referred to as the Prior Plans. The Prior Plans were adopted on September 16, 2002 (911,671 shares), March 5, 2003 (982,171 shares) and September 29, 2003 (1,000,000 shares), of which options to purchase 2,857,000 shares of common stock had been granted under these plans Each of these plans provides for the issuance of non-statutory stock options to employees, directors and consultants, with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. All options granted under the Prior Plans vest quarterly over three years. As of September 2004, no additional options may be granted under the Prior Plans. Options with respect to 917,024 shares are outstanding under the Prior Plans as of December 31, 2007.

In September 2004, the Board of Directors adopted the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2004 Equity Plan”). The stockholders approved the plan in October 2004 with an effective date for such approval in November 2004. Under the 2004 Equity Plan, we had initially reserved for issuance an aggregate of 4,093,842 shares. The Company’s Prior Plans are no longer available for new grants, and the initial share reserve under the 2004 Equity Plan will adjust downward to the extent that shares are issued upon exercise of options under the Prior Plans. Subject to a maximum of 11,593,842 shares that can be subject to the 2004 Equity Plan in the aggregate, the number of shares subject to the 2004 Equity Plan will increase each year by the least of:

 

   

three percent of the then outstanding shares;

 

   

750,000 shares; or

 

   

a number of shares determined by the Board.

Awards under the 2004 Equity Plan may be granted to any of our employees, directors or consultants or those of our affiliates. Awards may consist of stock options (both incentive stock options and non-statutory stock options), stock awards, stock appreciation rights, and cash awards. We granted to certain of our employees options to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock under the plan in 2007, 1,705,000 in 2006, and 1,120,500 in 2005.

A summary of Axesstel’s stock option activity and related information is as follows:

 

     2007    2006    2005

Option Summary

   Options     Wt Average
Exercise Price
   Options     Wt Average
Exercise Price
   Options     Wt Average
Exercise Price

Outstanding-beginning of year

   4,051,999     $ 2.16    2,883,701     $ 2.54    4,107,429     $ 1.28

Granted

   50,000     $ 2.05    1,705,000     $ 1.52    1,120,500     $ 3.40

Exercised

   (7,716 )   $ 0.26    (247,677 )   $ 0.69    (2,037,605 )   $ 0.38

Forfeited/Expired

   (1,184,500 )   $ 1.73    (289,025 )   $ 3.35    (306,623 )   $ 3.24
                          

Outstanding-end of year

   2,909,783     $ 2.34    4,051,999     $ 2.16    2,883,701     $ 2.54
                          

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year 2007 was $1.30. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2007 was approximately $12,000.

 

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The following table summarizes the number of option shares, the weighted average exercise price, and weighted average life (by years) by price range for both total outstanding options and total exercisable options as of December 31, 2007.

 

     Total Outstanding    Total Exercisable

Price Range

   # of Shares    Wt Average
Exercise Price
   Life    # of Shares    Wt Average
Exercise Price

$0.26 to $0.99

   227,116    $ 0.57    4.7    227,116    $ 0.57

$1.00 to $1.99

   966,500    $ 1.57    8.6    600,177    $ 1.40

$2.00 to $2.99

   641,667    $ 2.36    6.1    591,667    $ 2.39

$3.00 to $4.68

   1,074,500    $ 3.40    7.2    1,074,500    $ 3.40
                  
   2,909,783    $ 2.34    7.2    2,493,460    $ 2.42
                  

The intrinsic value of exercisable options at December 31, 2007 was approximately $600.

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested shares as of December 31, 2007, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2007, is presented below:

 

Nonvested Shares

   Shares     Weighted-Average
Grant-Date

Fair Value

Nonvested at January 1, 2007

   1,665,198     $ 1.02

Granted

   50,000       1.30

Vested

   (539,000 )     .96

Forfeited/Expired

   (759,875 )     .98
        

Nonvested at December 31, 2007

   416,323     $ 1.22
        

As of December 31, 2007, there was approximately $493,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years. The recognized compensation cost for the year ended December 31, 2007 was approximately $431,000.

Stock Warrant Activity

The Company did not issue any warrants in 2005, 2006 or 2007. A summary of Axesstel’s warrant activity and related information is as follows:

 

     2007    2006    2005

Warrant Summary

   Warrant    Wt Average
Exercise Price
   Warrant     Wt Average
Exercise Price
   Warrant     Wt Average
Exercise Price

Outstanding-beginning of year

   479,275    $ 2.70    601,275     $ 2.56    3,321,662     $ 0.62

Granted

   —      $ —      —       $ —      —       $ —  

Exercised

   —      $ —      —       $ —      (2,720,387 )   $ 0.24

Forfeited/Expired

   —      $ —      (122,000 )   $ 2.00    —       $ —  
                         

Outstanding-end of year

   479,275    $ 2.70    479,275     $ 2.70    601,275     $ 2.56
                         

 

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The following table summarizes the number of warrants, the weighted average exercise price, and weighted average life (by years) by price for both total outstanding warrants and total exercisable warrants as of December 31, 2007.

 

     Total Outstanding    Total Exercisable

Price

   # of
Shares
   Wt Average
Exercise Price
   Life    # of
Shares
   Wt Average
Exercise Price

$0.07

   65,974    $ 0.07    4.3    65,974    $ 0.07

$2.00 to $2.99

   200,000    $ 2.80    0.8    200,000    $ 2.80

$3.00 to $3.99

   213,301    $ 3.42    2.5    213,301    $ 3.42
                  
   479,275    $ 2.70    2.0    479,275    $ 2.70
                  

14. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company operates and tracks its results in one operating segment. The Company tracks revenues and assets by geographic region, but does not manage operations by region.

Revenues by geographic region based on customer locations for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 were as follows:

 

     2007    2006    2005

Revenues

        

Asia and Pacific Rim

   $ 18,670,977    $ 37,542,635    $ 68,909,960

Latin America

     47,882,684      53,610,255      25,223,126

Europe, Middle East, and Africa

     15,849,424      4,299,339      388,125

United States and Canada

     32,300      67,445      144,500
                    

Total revenues

   $ 82,435,385    $ 95,519,674    $ 94,665,711
                    

15. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)

The summary quarterly financial data for 2007 and 2006 consists of the following:

 

     1st Quarter     2nd Quarter     3rd Quarter     4th Quarter  

2007

        

Revenues

   $ 25,189,776     $ 28,025,951     $ 15,433,041     $ 13,786,617  

Gross margin

     4,571,503       6,579,343       3,513,716       2,921,668  

Net income (loss)

     (1,248,935 )     272,834       (3,003,719 )     (5,044,315 )

Basic earnings (loss) per share

   $ (0.05 )   $ 0.01     $ (0.13 )   $ (0.22 )
                                

Diluted earnings (loss) per share

   $ (0.05 )   $ 0.01     $ (0.13 )   $ (0.22 )
                                

2006

        

Revenues

   $ 10,510,388     $ 22,792,911     $ 32,078,444     $ 30,137,931  

Gross margin

     268,824       2,600,704       6,135,077       6,269,664  

Net income (loss)

     (3,414,174 )     (3,586,354 )     225,437       138,873  

Basic earnings (loss) per share

   $ (0.15 )   $ (0.16 )   $ 0.01     $ 0.01  
                                

Diluted earnings (loss) per share

   $ (0.15 )   $ (0.16 )   $ 0.01     $ 0.01  
                                

 

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16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases

USA: In May 2004, we entered into a non-cancelable operating lease for 13,120 square feet of office space for our corporate headquarters and U.S. operations. The premise is located at 6815 Flanders Drive, San Diego, California. In May 2005, we entered into an agreement to extend this operating lease and expand the square footage of the lease to a total of 17,101 square feet. The amended lease term is 67 months with remaining monthly payments ranging from approximately $30,000 to $34,000, plus a five year option to renew. The amended lease commenced in August 2005.

Korea: In August 2005, we entered into a ten year operating lease for approximately 2,800 square meters (approximately 30,000 square feet) of office space for our Korean research and development center. The premise is located in the Gyeonggi Province. The lease calls for annual lease payments to be made in advance in December of each year in an amount equal to two percent of the “Building Value” as defined in the lease. For 2008, annual rent is approximately $172,000. The Building Value and resulting rent per square meter is subject to adjustment after 2008 based on market conditions.

Minimum annual lease payments are approximately as follows:

 

Year Ending

December 31,

   Total
Amount

2008

   $ 528,000

2009

     521,000

2010

     563,000

2011

     222,000

2012

     153,000

Thereafter

     409,000
      
   $ 2,396,000
      

Rent expense is charged ratably over the lives of the leases using the straight line method. Rent expense for each of the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 amounted to approximately $1.1 million, $976,000, and $720,000, respectively.

Employment and Separation Agreements

We entered into an employment agreement with H. Clark Hickock that provides severance payments if he is terminated without cause. Consequently, if we had released Mr. Hickock without cause as of December 31, 2007, the severance expense due would be approximately $260,000.

We have entered into a separation and general release agreement with Mike H.P. Kwon (see Note 17) that provided separation payments to Mr. Kwon. Concurrently with that agreement, Mr. Kwon loaned the net proceeds of those payments back to the company. At December 31, 2007, the amount due under the loan was approximately $270,000.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, including claims of alleged infringement, misuse or misappropriation of intellectual property rights of third parties. At December 31, 2007, the Company is not a party to any such litigation which management believes would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

 

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17. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

On May 16, 2006, we entered into a separation and general release agreement (“Separation Agreement”) with Mike H.P. Kwon pursuant to which his employment as our chief executive officer and his Employment Agreement dated as of January 5, 2004 were terminated. Under the Separation Agreement and in exchange for a general release of claims, Mr. Kwon was entitled to receive a lump sum payment of $540,000, less applicable taxes (“Separation Payment”), and all outstanding stock options and other equity awards issued to Mr. Kwon were vested in full and, became immediately exercisable and will remain so for the remainder of the respective terms of each such award. Concurrent with the effectiveness of the Separation Agreement, Mr. Kwon loaned to Axesstel the principal sum of $346,950, an amount equal to the Separation Payment less applicable withholding taxes, under the terms of a promissory note dated May 16, 2006 (“Note”). At December 31, 2007, the remaining portion due under the Note was approximately $270,000. The balance under the Note has been paid in the first quarter of 2008.

18. SALE OF KOREAN FACTORY EQUIPMENT AND PROPERTY LEASE

Effective July 31, 2006, we entered into an agreement for the sale of substantially all of the assets of our Korean manufacturing facility. Under the terms of the Installment Sale Agreement (“Agreement”) between Axesstel Korea, Inc., a Korean company and our wholly-owned subsidiary (“Subsidiary”), and Park JongHeun, an individual and former employee of Subsidiary (“Park”), our Subsidiary sold to Park certain assets, including tangible personal property and associated software and warranty rights. Under the Agreement, Park will pay us $960,000 in thirty-five equal monthly installments commencing November 1, 2006. Park has also agreed to assume certain contract rights and obligations, which include the obligations under a real property lease and Subsidiary’s obligations with respect to its employees involved in the factory operations.

19. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Following the end of the fiscal year, we entered into several arrangements to address our working capital needs.

In January 2008, we entered into two agreements with Brightstar Corporation which were intended to improve our liquidity and capital resources. We entered into a distribution agreement with Brightstar to sell our products in Venezuela. Under the terms of the distribution agreement, our customers submit their purchase orders to Brightstar. Brightstar then submits a purchase order to us, secured by a letter of credit. We can secure accounts receivable financing for the account receivable to Brightstar. Brightstar assumes the credit risk of the customer in Venezuela. Under this arrangement, Brightstar receives a commission for accommodating the sale. This arrangement allows us to secure commercial financing for the receivable that covers product being sold to customers in Venezuela.

We also entered into a loan transaction with Brightstar; we borrowed $5 million from Brightstar pursuant to the terms of a promissory note dated January 25, 2008. Our repayment obligations under the promissory note are secured by certain of our accounts receivable from customers in Venezuela. The promissory note bears interest at a rate of 2 percent per month subject to a minimum of 10% interest. Repayment of principal is due on the earlier of collection of the accounts receivable that secure the note, or one year from the date of issuance. The proceeds of the note were used to make payment to WNC on our delinquent account with the contract manufacturer.

In January 2008, we entered into two new commercial credit agreements with affiliates of Wells Fargo Bank. One of the credit arrangements provides working capital financing for our accounts receivable which are secured by credit insurance. The other provides working capital financing for our accounts receivable which are secured by letters of credit.

Effective March 13, 2008, we entered into an employment agreement with H. Clark Hickock to serve as our Chief Executive Officer and also appointed him as a member of our Board of Directors. Under the terms of the

 

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agreement Mr. Hickock will receive (i) an annual base salary of $330,000 and (ii) a performance bonus opportunity targeted at $231,000 annually. Mr. Hickock will also be eligible to participate in our employee benefit programs. Prior to his appointment, Mr. Hickock had served as Axesstel’s Chief Operating Officer since April 2005.

Mr. Hickock succeeds Mike H.P. Kwon both as a member of our Board of Directors and as our Chief Executive Officer. We entered into a separation and general release agreement dated March 13, 2008 with Mike H.P. Kwon pursuant to which his employment as our chief executive officer and his Employment Agreement dated as of November 12, 2007 was terminated. Mr. Kwon, Axesstel’s founder, will continue his employment as a non-executive employee through the end of March 2008 and thereafter will provide consulting services to Axesstel as a strategic advisor supporting corporate development and strategic relationships.

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit
No.

  

Document Description

3.1    Articles of Incorporation of the registrant, as amended(1)
3.2    Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant(1)
4.1    Specimen Common Stock Certificate(2)
4.2    Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant, exercise price $1.00, dated January 8, 2004(3)
4.3    Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant, exercise price $2.00 subject to adjustment, dated January 8, 2004(3)
4.4    Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued March 16, 2004, by the registrant to Laurus Master Fund, Ltd(3)
4.5    Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued to finder and its assignees, dated March 11, 2004, in connection with the March 2004 Convertible Note Financing(4)
4.6    Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated as of August 18, 2004 between the registrant and Laurus Master Fund, Ltd.(5)
4.7    Stock Purchase Agreement dated October 12, 2004 between the registrant and certain investors affiliated with ComVentures(6)
4.8    Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated October 1, 2003 issued to The Search for Value, Inc.(7)
4.9    Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated October 1, 2003 issued to Newport Capital Consultants(7)
4.10    Stock Purchase Agreement dated February 2, 2005 between the registrant and certain investors affiliated with ComVentures(7)
4.11    Form of Warrant Agreement to Mike H.P. Kwon and Satori Yukie(8)
10.1    Centerpark Plaza Office Lease with Mullrock Umbrella, LLC, dated May 28, 2004(9)
10.2    Centerpark Plaza Office Lease with R&D Portfolio Holdings, LLC, dated June 2, 2005(1)
10.3    Lease Agreement between TBK Electronics Corp. and registrant, dated July 13, 2005(9)
10.4    Lease between Axesstel Korea, Inc. and Seongnam Industry Promotion Foundation, dated August 29, 2005(1)
10.5    Form of Indemnity Agreement for directors and executive officers of the registrant(8)
10.6    Separation Agreement with Marv Tseu dated November 20, 2007(11)
10.7    Employment Agreement with Mike H.P. Kwon dated November 12, 2007(11)
10.8    Separation Agreement with Mike H.P. Kwon dated March 13, 2008(12)
10.9    Employment Agreement with Clark Hickock dated March 13, 2008*(12)
10.10    Letter Agreement with Patrick Gray dated February 11, 2004*(4)
10.11    Employment Agreement with Stephen Sek dated October 20, 2006*(10)
10.12    2001 Stock Option Plan*(8)
10.13    Form Notice of Grant of Stock Option (2001 Stock Option Plan)*(8)
10.14    Form Stock Option Agreement (2001 Stock Option Plan)*(8)
10.15    Form Notice of Grant of Stock Option (September 2002, March 2003 and September 2003 Option Pools)*(8)


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Exhibit
No.

  

Document Description

10.16   

Form Stock Option Agreement (September 2002, March 2003 and September 2003 Option Pools)*(8)

10.17   

Table of Stock Option Grants under 2001 Stock Option Plan And Prior Plans*(2)

10.18   

2004 Equity Incentive Plan*(8)

10.19    Form of Stock Option Agreement (2004 Equity Incentive Plan)*(13)
10.20    Form of Stock Award Agreement (2004 Equity Incentive Plan)*(13)
10.21    Form of Subscription Agreement dated February 2003(7)
10.22    Subscriber Unit License Agreement between Axesstel California and Qualcomm Incorporated dated November 14, 2000, as amended+(14)
10.23    Component Supply Agreement between QUALCOMM CDMA Technologies Asia-Pacific PTE LTD. and Axesstel-California, dated February 28, 2001, as amended+(2)
10.24    DMSS5100 Software Agreement between QUALCOMM Incorporated and Axesstel-California, dated December 5, 2002, as amended+(2)
10.25    DMSS5010 Software Agreement between QUALCOMM Incorporated and Axesstel-California, dated November 26, 2003+(2)
10.26    AMSS6500 Software Agreement between QUALCOMM Incorporated and Axesstel-California, dated April 11, 2004+(2)
10.27    USB Driver Software Tools Limited Use Agreement between the registrant and QUALCOMM Incorporated dated October 21, 2004(2)
21.1    Subsidiaries of the registrant(15)
23.1    Consent of Gumbiner Savett Inc.
24.1    Power of Attorney (included on signature page)
31.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

(1) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form 10-QSB for the period ending July 1, 2005, filed on August 15, 2005.
(2) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form SB-2 filed on February 4, 2005.
(3) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form 10-QSB for the period ending March 31, 2004, filed on May 24, 2004.
(4) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form 10-QSB/A for the period ending March 31, 2004, filed on September 7, 2004.
(5) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on August 20, 2004.
(6) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on October 15, 2004.
(7) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form SB-2 filed on February 4, 2005.
(8) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form SB-2/A filed on October 29, 2004.
(9) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form 10-QSB for the period ending June 30, 2004 filed on August 16, 2004.


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(10) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on October 26, 2006.
(11) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on November 21, 2007.
(12) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on March 17, 2008.
(13) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 12, 2005.
(14) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form 10-KSB/A for the period ending December 31, 2003, filed on August 16, 2004.
(15) Incorporated by reference to exhibits to Registrant’s Form 10-KSB for the period ending December 31, 2005, filed on March 31, 2006.

 

* Management contract, or compensatory plan or arrangement.
+ Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to certain portions of this exhibit. Omitted portions have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are marked by an asterisk.