Summary of Restructuring Plans. In fiscal year 2025, we announced a restructuring plan designed to optimize our management structure to better serve our customers. In fiscal years 2024 and 2023, we announced restructuring plans that were both designed to reduce costs and expenses in response to macroeconomic conditions. These actions impact all three of our operating segments. The costs associated with these restructuring plans were not allocated to our operating segments' results; however, each operating segment will benefit from the future cost savings from these actions. When completed, the restructuring programs are expected to result in the reduction in annual cost of sales and operating expenses over the three operating segments.

A summary of our aggregate liability related to the restructuring plans and the total restructuring expense since inception of those plans are shown in the table below:


	Workforce Reduction		Consolidation of Excess Facilities		Total
	(in millions)
Balance at October 31, 2023	$	31	$	5	$	36
Income statement expense	75		1		76
Non-cash settlements	(7)		(1)		(8)
Cash payments	(86)		(5)		(91)
Balance at October 31, 2024	$	13	$	—	$	13
Income statement expense	82		—		82
Non-cash settlements	(18)		—		(18)
Cash payments	(60)		—		(60)
Currency translation impact	1		—		1
Balance at October 31, 2025	$	18	$	—	$	18

Restructuring expense since inception of all plans:
Fiscal Year 2025 Plan					$	81
Fiscal Year 2024 Plan					$	73
Fiscal Year 2023 Plan					$	50
Total					$	204

Non-cash settlements include accelerated share-based compensation expense related to workforce reductions and accelerated depreciation expense of right-of-use and machinery and equipment assets related to the consolidation of excess facilities. The aggregate restructuring liability of $18 million at October 31, 2025, was recorded in other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and reflects estimated future cash outlays.


	Years Ended
	October 31,
	2025		2024		2023
	(in millions)
Cost of products and services	$	21	$	13	$	11
Research and development	5		21		6
Selling, general and administrative	56		42		29
Total restructuring costs	$	82	$	76	$	46

In the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, we announced a restructuring plan designed to optimize our management structure to better serve our customers. The expense associated with this workforce reduction includes severance and other personnel-related costs. We expect to substantially complete these restructuring activities by the second quarter of fiscal year 2026. In connection with the FY25 Plan, we recorded restructuring expenses of $81 million in fiscal year 2025.


	Workforce Reduction
	(in millions)





Balance at October 31, 2024	$	—
Income statement expense	81
Non-cash settlements	(18)
Cash payments	(46)
Currency translation impact	1
Balance at October 31, 2025	$	18

Total restructuring expense since inception of FY25 Plan	$	81

In the third quarter of fiscal year 2024, we announced a restructuring plan designed to reduce costs and expenses in response to macroeconomic conditions. The plan included a reduction of our total headcount by approximately 500 regular employees, representing approximately 3 percent of our global workforce.

In connection with the FY24 Plan, we recorded restructuring expenses of $1 million and $72 million in fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. The costs associated with this workforce reduction included severance, accelerated share-based compensation expense and other personnel-related costs. We have completed all workforce management actions and payments in connection with the FY24 Plan.


	Workforce Reduction
	(in millions)
Balance at October 31, 2023	$	—
Income statement expense	$	72
Non-cash settlements	$	(7)
Cash payments	$	(54)

Balance at October 31, 2024	$	11
Income statement expense	$	1

Cash payments	$	(12)

Balance at October 31, 2025	$	—

Total restructuring expense since inception of FY24 Plan	$	73

In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023, we initiated a restructuring plan designed to reduce costs and expenses in response to the macroeconomic conditions. The plan included a reduction of our total headcount by approximately 400 regular employees, representing approximately 2 percent of our global workforce, and the consolidation of our excess facilities, including some site closures.

In connection with the FY23 Plan, we recorded restructuring expenses of $4 million and $46 million in 2024 and 2023, respectively. The restructuring plan expenses included severance, accelerated share-based compensation expense and other personnel costs associated with the workforce reduction. The consolidation of excess facilities included accelerated depreciation expense of right-of-use and machinery and equipment assets, and other facilities-related costs. We have completed all workforce management actions and payments in connection with the FY23 Plan.


	Workforce Reduction		Consolidation of Excess Facilities		Total
	(in millions)
Balance at October 31, 2023	$	31	$	5	$	36
Income statement expense	3		1		4
Non-cash settlements	—		(1)		(1)
Cash payments	(32)		(5)		(37)
Balance at October 31, 2024	$	2	$	—	$	2


Cash payments	(2)		—		(2)
Balance at October 31, 2025	$	—	$	—	$	—

Total restructuring expense since inception of the FY23 Plan					$	50

Non-cash settlements include accelerated depreciation expense of right-of-use and machinery and equipment assets related to the consolidation of excess facilities.