2.	Revenue Recognition

Impact of ASC 606 Adoption

In January 2018, Devon adopted ASC 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) using the modified retrospective method and has applied the standard to all existing contracts. ASC 606 supersedes previous revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605 and includes a five-step revenue recognition model to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration in exchange for those goods or services.

The impact of adoption in the current period results is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018								Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
	Under ASC 606			Under ASC 605			Increase/ (Decrease)		Under ASC 606			Under ASC 605			Increase/ (Decrease)
Upstream revenues	$	1,069		$	1,004		$	65	$	2,388		$	2,261		$	127
Marketing revenues		1,180			1,180			—		2,059			2,059			—
Total impacted revenues	$	2,249		$	2,184		$	65	$	4,447		$	4,320		$	127

Production expenses	$	572		$	507		$	65	$	1,115		$	988		$	127
Marketing expenses		1,160			1,160			—		2,033			2,033			—
Total impacted expenses	$	1,732		$	1,667		$	65	$	3,148		$	3,021		$	127

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	$	(481	)	$	(481	)	$	—	$	(726	)	$	(726	)	$	—

Changes to upstream revenues and production expenses are due to the conclusion that Devon represents the principal and controls a promised product before transferring it to the ultimate third party customer in accordance with the control model in ASC 606. This is a change from previous conclusions reached for these agreements utilizing the principal versus agent indicators under ASC 605 where the assessment was focused on Devon passing title and not control to the processing entity and Devon ultimately receiving a net price from the third-party end customer. As a result, Devon has changed the presentation of revenues and expenses for these agreements. Revenues related to these agreements are now presented on a gross basis for amounts expected to be received from third-party customers through the marketing process. Gathering, processing and transportation expenses related to these agreements, incurred prior to the transfer of control to the customer at the tailgate of the natural gas processing facilities, are now presented as production expenses.

Upstream Revenues

Upstream revenues include the sale of oil, gas and NGL production. Oil, gas and NGL sales are recognized when production is sold to a purchaser at a fixed or determinable price, delivery has occurred, control has transferred and collectability of the revenue is probable. Devon’s performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time. This occurs when control is transferred to the purchaser upon delivery of contract specified production volumes at a specified point. The transaction price used to recognize revenue is a function of the contract billing terms. Revenue is invoiced, if required, by calendar month based on volumes at contractually based rates with payment typically received within 30 days of the end of the production month. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities on oil, gas and NGL sales are presented separately from such revenues in the accompanying consolidated comprehensive statements of earnings.

Natural gas and NGL sales

Under Devon’s natural gas processing contracts, natural gas is delivered to a midstream processing entity at the wellhead or the inlet of the midstream processing entity’s system. The midstream processing entity gathers and processes the natural gas and remits proceeds for the resulting sales of NGLs and residue gas. In these scenarios, Devon evaluates whether it is the principal or the agent in the transaction. Devon has concluded it is the principal under these contracts and the ultimate third party is the customer. Revenue is recognized on a gross basis, with gathering, processing and transportation fees presented as a component of production expenses in the consolidated comprehensive statement of earnings.

In certain natural gas processing agreements, Devon may elect to take residue gas and/or NGLs in-kind at the tailgate of the midstream entity’s processing plant and subsequently market the product. Through the marketing process, the product is delivered to the ultimate third-party purchaser at a contractually agreed-upon delivery point, and Devon receives a specified index price from the purchaser. In this scenario, revenue is recognized when control transfers to the purchaser at the delivery point based on the index price received from the purchaser. The gathering, processing and compression fees attributable to the gas processing contract, as well as any transportation fees incurred to deliver the product to the purchaser, are presented as gathering, processing and transportation expense as a component of production expenses in the consolidated comprehensive statement of earnings.

Oil sales

Devon’s oil sales contracts are generally structured in one of two ways. First, production is sold at the wellhead at an agreed-upon index price, net of pricing differentials. In this scenario, revenue is recognized when control transfers to the purchaser at the wellhead at the net price received. Alternatively, production is delivered to the purchaser at a contractually agreed-upon delivery point at which the purchaser takes custody, title and risk of loss of the product. Under this arrangement, a third party is paid to transport the product and Devon receives a specified index price from the purchaser with no transportation deduction. In this scenario, revenue is recognized when control transfers to the purchaser at the delivery point based on the price received from the purchaser. The third-party costs are recorded as gathering, processing and transportation expense as a component of production expenses in the consolidated comprehensive statement of earnings.

Marketing Revenues

Marketing revenues are generated primarily as a result of Devon selling commodities purchased from third parties. Marketing revenues are recognized when performance obligations are satisfied. This occurs at the time contract specified products are sold to third parties at a contractually fixed or determinable price, delivery occurs at a specified point or performance has occurred, control has transferred and collectability of the revenue is probable. The transaction price used to recognize revenue and invoice customers is based on a contractually stated fee or on a third party published index price plus or minus a known differential. Devon typically receives payment for invoiced amounts within 30 days. Marketing revenues and expenses attributable to oil, gas and NGL purchases are reported on a gross basis when Devon takes control of the products and has risks and rewards of ownership.

Satisfaction of Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognitions

Since Devon has a right to consideration from its customers in amounts that correspond directly to the value that the customer receives from the performance completed on each contract, Devon applies the practical expedient in ASC 606 that allows recognition of revenue in the amount to which there is a right to invoice and prevents the need to estimate a transaction price for each contract and allocating that transaction price to the performance obligations within each contract. Devon recognizes revenue for sales at the time the natural gas, NGLs or crude oil are delivered at a fixed or determinable price.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

Most of Devon’s contracts are short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. Devon applies the practical expedient in ASC 606 exempting the disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less. For contracts with terms greater than one year, Devon applies the practical expedient in ASC 606 exempting the disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation. Under Devon’s contracts, each unit of product typically represents a separate performance obligation; therefore, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied and disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is not required.

Contract Balances

Cash received relating to future performance obligations are deferred and recognized when all revenue recognition criteria are met. Contract liabilities generated from such deferred revenue are not considered material as of June 30, 2018. Devon’s product sales and marketing contracts do not give rise to contract assets under ASC 606.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Revenue from oil, gas and NGL sales and marketing revenues represent revenue from contracts with customers. The following table presents revenue from contracts with customers that are disaggregated based on the type of good. The difference between revenue from external customers in Note 22 and the totals listed below represents the net impact from commodity derivatives.

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018						Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
	U.S.		Canada		Total		U.S.		Canada		Total
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Oil	$	808	$	313	$	1,121	$	1,485	$	543	$	2,028
Gas		207		—		207		462		—		462
NGL		238		—		238		436		—		436
Oil, gas and NGL sales		1,253		313		1,566		2,383		543		2,926

Oil		766		24		790		1,297		41		1,338
Gas		160		—		160		315		—		315
NGL		230		—		230		406		—		406
Total marketing revenues		1,156		24		1,180		2,018		41		2,059

Total revenues from contracts with customers	$	2,409	$	337	$	2,746	$	4,401	$	584	$	4,985