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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

We have prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, and they include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries, over which we exercise control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash represents on-demand accounts with financial institutions that are denominated in U.S. dollars. We consider financial instruments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. We also classify transactions that we expect to settle within several days as cash equivalents.
Concentration of Risk

Concentration of Risk

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, one third-party platform partner ("Partner") accounted for 15% and 14% of the Company’s revenues, respectively. Additionally, two Partners accounted for 51% and 26% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023, respectively and 64% and 16% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2022, respectively.
Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consists primarily of amounts due from Partners who have the billing relationship with the member and collect subscription fees on our behalf. We evaluate the need for an allowance for credit losses based on historical collection trends and changes in our customer payment patterns, current and expected conditions and market trends along with our operating forecasts, concentration, and creditworthiness and determined no allowance was needed at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Property and Equipment, Net

Property and Equipment, Net

We state property and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. We include in property and equipment the cost of internal-use software, including software used in connection with our websites. We expense all costs related to the development of internal-use software other than those incurred during the application development stage. We capitalize the costs we incur during the application development stage and amortize them over the estimated useful life of the software. We compute depreciation of property and equipment on the straight-line method over estimated useful lives. We amortize building improvements over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or remaining life of the building. See Note 5 for a description of estimated useful lives. Depreciation expense is included in selling and operating expense, and corporate, general and administration expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Media Library, Net

Media Library, Net

Media library represents the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value of capitalized costs to produce our proprietary media content, rights obtained through license arrangements and digital media content acquired through asset purchases or business combinations.

We amortize our media library in cost of revenues on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the license period or the estimated useful life of the titles, which typically ranges from 12 to 90 months. The amortization period begins with the first month of availability on our service.

Our media library is reviewed at the film group level for impairment when an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the film group to estimated discounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the film group. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.
Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the estimated fair value of assets acquired less liabilities assumed in a business acquisition. We have only one reporting unit; therefore, goodwill is assessed at the enterprise level. We review goodwill for impairment annually on October 1 or more frequently if indicators of impairment are identified. We have the option of first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying amount. If it is determined that the estimated fair value of goodwill is more likely than not greater than the carrying amount of goodwill, then an impairment test is unnecessary. If it is determined that an impairment test is necessary, then we compare the estimated fair value of goodwill with its carrying amount. If the estimated fair value of goodwill exceeds its carrying amount, we consider the goodwill not impaired. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its estimated fair value, we will record an impairment loss for the difference. We use both a comparable market approach and an income approach to test for potential impairment. The market approach follows the guideline public company method to establish valuation multiples for comparison. The income approach follows a traditional discounted cash flow model. Primary assumptions for each approach include revenue projections, operating expenses, discount rate, control premium, and terminal growth rate. Projections are dependent on management assumptions, which are partly based on the Company’s historical experience. The results of these approaches are evaluated against the Company’s market capitalization for reasonableness. The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill is highly subjective and requires significant judgment at many points during the analysis. Application of alternative assumptions and definitions could yield significantly different results. During 2023 and 2022, no impairment of goodwill was indicated.
Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets held and used, other than goodwill, when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. We consider the carrying value of a long-lived asset impaired when the total projected undiscounted cash flows from such asset are separately identifiable and are less than the carrying value. We recognize a loss based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset. We determine the estimated fair value primarily using the projected cash flows from the asset discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. During 2023 and 2022, no impairment of long-lived assets was recognized.
Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We provide for income taxes pursuant to the asset and liability method. The asset and liability method requires recognition of deferred income taxes based on temporary differences between financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities, using current enacted income tax rates and regulations. These differences will result in taxable income or deductions in future years when the reported amount of the asset or liability is recovered or settled, respectively. Considerable judgment is required in determining when these events may occur and whether recovery of an asset, including the utilization of a net operating loss or other carryforward prior to its expiration, is more likely than not.

The Company does not recognize certain tax benefits from uncertain tax positions within the provision for income taxes. The Company may recognize a tax benefit only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. See Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements for further information regarding income taxes.

Non-Income Taxes

The Company accrues for non-income tax assessments from foreign jurisdictions related to prior periods and recognizes the expense within selling and operating, when deemed probable and estimable. Once the requirement to remit non-income taxes to foreign jurisdictions has been established, we present revenues net of the non-income taxes collected from members and remit such amounts to foreign tax authorities.
Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Revenues consist primarily of subscription fees paid by our members. We present revenues net of the taxes that are collected from members and remitted to governmental authorities. Members are billed in advance and revenues are recognized ratably over the subscription term. Deferred revenues consist of subscription fees collected from members that have not been earned and are recognized ratably over the remaining term of the subscription. We recognize revenue on a net basis for relationships where our Partners have the primary relationship, including billing and service delivery, with the member. We recognize revenue on a gross basis for members whose primary relationship is with Gaia. Payments made to Partners to assist in promoting our service on their platforms are expensed to marketing expenses in the period incurred. We do not allow access to our service to be provided as part of a bundle by any of our Partners.

As of December 31, 2023, total deferred revenue was $15.9 million and is expected to be recognized as revenue within the next 12 months.

We also earn revenue from advertisements presented on our streaming service. Revenues earned from sources other than monthly membership fees were $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Discontinued Operations

Discontinued Operations

Yoga International historically had a line of business focused on transactional course sales. This content was rolled into the subscription offering at the end of 2021 and this line of business was discontinued in 2022 as the contractual commitments related to this line of business lapsed. There are no other assets or liabilities associated with this revenue stream. As this represents a strategic shift with a major effect on our operations and financial results, we have presented the results of operations related to winding up this line of business as discontinued operations on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
Business Combinations

Business Combinations

Gaia recognizes identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date. While we use our best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed, these estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. The authoritative guidance allows a measurement period of up to one year from the date of acquisition to make adjustments to the preliminary allocation of the purchase price. As a result, during the measurement period we may record adjustments to the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill to the extent that it identifies adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Upon conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments will be recorded to the consolidated statement of operations.
Marketing

Marketing

Marketing costs consist primarily of advertising expenses, which include promotional activities such as online advertising and public relations expenditures. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling and operating expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During 2023 and 2022, we expensed marketing and advertising costs of $33.1 million and $30.5 million, respectively.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

We recognize compensation cost for share-based awards based on the estimated fair value of the award on date of grant. We measure compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognize compensation cost upon the probable attainment of a specified performance condition over the estimated performance period or for time-based awards over the service period. Since 2019, we have only granted restricted stock units, for which we utilize the market price of our common stock on the date of grant to estimate fair value. We account for forfeitures as they occur.
Segment Information

Segment Information

Gaia’s Chief Executive Officer is the chief operating decision maker, who reviews Gaia’s financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating our financial performance. Accordingly, we have determined that we operate in a single reporting segment.
Reclassifications

Reclassifications

We reclassed amounts in our fiscal 2022 Consolidated Financial Statements to conform with current period presentation. As a result, we made the following adjustments:

On the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

Amounts from Prepaid expense and other current assets have been reclassed into Other receivables;

Amounts from Media library, software and equipment, net and Real estate, investment and other assets, net have been reclassed into Media library, net; Property and equipment, net; Equity method investment and Investments and other assets, net;

Amounts from Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities have been reclassed into Accounts Payable and Accrued and other liabilities;

Amounts from Short-term debt and lease liability have been reclassed into Short-term debt and Operating lease liability, current portion.

On the Consolidated Statements of Operations:

Amounts from Interest and other expense, net have been reclassed into Equity method investment losses and Interest and other expense, net.

On the Consolidated Statements of Equity:

Amounts from Issuance of Gaia, Inc. common stock for RSU releases, employee stock purchase plan, and share-based compensation have been reclassed into Issuance of Gaia, Inc. common stock for RSU releases; Issuance of Gaia, Inc. common stock for employee stock purchase plan and Share-based compensation.

On the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

Amounts from Depreciation and amortization have been reclassed into Media library amortization and Depreciation and amortization;

Amounts from Accounts payable and accrued liabilities have been reclassed into Noncash operating lease expense; Accounts Payable; and Accrued and other liabilities;

Amounts from Accounts receivable have been reclassed into Other receivables;

Amounts from Additions to Media library, software and equipment and other assets have been reclassed into Additions to media library and Additions to property and equipment.
Defined Contribution Plan

Defined Contribution Plan

We have adopted a defined contribution retirement plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Internal Revenue Code”), which covers substantially all employees. Eligible employees may contribute amounts to the plan, via payroll withholding, subject to certain limitations. The 401(k) plan permits, but does not require, us to make additional matching contributions to the 401(k) plan on behalf of all participants in the 401(k) plan. The plan allows us to determine the match contribution percentage, if any. We made matching contributions to the 401(k) plan of $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Assets and liabilities are valued based upon observable and non-observable inputs. Valuations using Level 1 inputs are based on unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs utilize significant other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly; and valuations using Level 3 inputs are based on significant unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment. The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate their fair values.
Leases

Leases

As discussed in Note 8, we entered into an operating lease in connection with the sale of a portion of our corporate campus. We record the ROU asset for the operating lease term as an asset and our obligation to make lease payments as a liability. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the consolidated balance sheet and the expense for these short-term leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments are not included in the lease payments used to measure the lease liability and are expensed as incurred.
Noncontrolling Interest

Noncontrolling Interest

Gaia holds certain interests in entities where Gaia is the majority owner but not sole owner. These investments are included in our consolidated financial statements. The minority-owned portion of these investments is presented as Noncontrolling Interest (“NCI”) on the consolidated financial statements. Any changes of the ownership interest of NCI are accounted for as equity transactions and adjustments in the consolidated financial statements.

Loss Per Share

Loss Per Share

Basic loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock and, when dilutive, potential shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Potential shares of common stock consist of incremental shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units utilizing the treasury stock method.
Investments

Investments

The Company classifies investments at the acquisition date and re-evaluates the classification at each balance sheet date and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that there is a change in the Company’s ability to exercise significant influence. The ability to exercise significant influence over, but not control, the operating and financial policies of the investee is presumed to exist when the Company owns 20% or greater of the voting interests in the investee, but the Company also applies judgment regarding its level of influence over the investee by considering key factors such as representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions, and material intercompany transactions. The Company accounts for its investments in other entities over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, using the equity method of accounting.

Under the equity method of accounting, the Company’s investment is initially recorded at cost within Investments in Equity Method Investees on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company adjusts its investment for contributions made, its proportionate share of net earnings, declared dividends, and distributions of the investee. To the extent there is a basis difference between the amount invested and the Company’s proportionate share of the underlying net assets of the investee, the Company allocates such differences amongst the recorded assets of the investee. The basis differences are amortized on a straight-line basis over the underlying assets’ estimated useful lives when calculating the attributable earnings or losses. The Company records in the statements of operations its share of income or loss of the investee, including any amortization of basis differences, within interest and other expense, net, which results in an increase or decrease to the carrying value of the investment. Any dividends received from the investee are recorded as a reduction of the carrying value of the investment.

The Company assesses investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an investment may not be recoverable. If the investment is determined to have a decline in value deemed to be other than temporary, it is written down to estimated fair value. We did not record any impairment charges on our investments during the years 2023 or 2022.
Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Although we base these estimates on our best knowledge of current events and actions that we may undertake in the future, actual results may be different from the estimates.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

 

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires public entities to disclose information about their reportable segments’ significant expenses and other segment items on an interim and annual basis. Public entities with a single reportable segment are required to apply the disclosure requirements in ASU 2023-07, as well as all existing segment disclosures and reconciliation requirements in ASC 280 on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-07.

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities, on an annual basis, to provide disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation, as well as disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for

fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-09