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Consolidated statement of cash flows - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Cash flows from (used in) operating activities [abstract]      
Profit before tax $ 13,347 $ 19,890 $ 17,167
Adjustments for non-cash items:      
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment [1] 10,519 1,933 1,862
Net gain from investing activities (399) (126) (1,152)
Share of profits in associates and joint ventures (2,354) (2,536) (2,375)
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries, businesses, associates and joint ventures (929) 0 (79)
Loan impairment losses gross of recoveries and other credit risk provisions 3,012 2,280 2,603
Provisions including pensions 2,423 1,944 917
Share-based payment expense 478 450 500
Other non-cash items included in profit before tax (2,297) (1,303) (381)
Elimination of exchange differences [2] (3,742) 4,930 (20,757)
Change in net trading securities and derivatives (18,910) 20,855 (13,615)
Change in loans and advances to banks and customers (53,760) (44,071) (108,984)
Change in reverse repurchase agreements – non-trading (7,390) (25,399) (37,281)
Change in financial assets designated and otherwise mandatorily measured at fair value (2,308) (1,515) (5,303)
Change in other assets (21,863) 6,766 (6,570)
Change in deposits by banks and customer accounts 79,163 (5,745) 102,457
Change in repurchase agreements – non-trading (25,540) 35,882 41,044
Change in debt securities in issue 19,268 18,806 (1,369)
Change in financial liabilities designated at fair value 20,068 4,500 8,508
Change in other liabilities 23,124 (2,187) 13,514
Dividends received from associates 633 910 740
Contributions paid to defined benefit plans (533) (332) (685)
Tax paid (received) (2,267) (3,417) (3,175)
Net cash from operating activities 29,743 32,515 (12,414)
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities [abstract]      
Purchase of financial investments (445,907) (399,458) (357,264)
Proceeds from the sale and maturity of financial investments 413,186 386,056 418,352
Net cash flows from the purchase and sale of property, plant and equipment (1,343) (1,196) (1,167)
Net cash flows from purchase/(disposal) of customer and loan portfolios 1,118 (204) 6,756
Net investment in intangible assets (2,289) (1,848) (1,285)
Net cash flow on disposal of subsidiaries, businesses, associates and joint ventures (83) 4 165
Net cash from investing activities (35,318) (16,646) 65,557
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities [abstract]      
Issue of ordinary share capital and other equity instruments 0 6,001 5,196
Cancellation of shares (1,000) (1,998) (3,000)
Net sales/(purchases) of own shares for market-making and investment purposes 141 133 (67)
Redemption of preference shares and other equity instruments 0 (6,078) 0
Subordinated loan capital repaid [3] (4,210) (4,077) (3,574)
Dividends paid to shareholders of the parent company and non-controlling interests (9,773) (10,762) (9,005)
Net cash from financing activities (14,842) (16,781) (10,450)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (20,417) (912) 42,693
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 Jan [4] 312,911 [5] 323,718 [5] 263,324
Exchange differences in respect of cash and cash equivalents 1,248 (9,895) 17,701
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 Dec [4],[5] 293,742 312,911 323,718
Cash and cash equivalents comprise:      
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 Dec [4],[5] 293,742 312,911 323,718
HSBC Holdings      
Cash flows from (used in) operating activities [abstract]      
Profit before tax 9,259 52,887 5,475
Adjustments for non-cash items:      
Adjustments for non-cash items 2,657 (46,878) (17)
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment 72 70 33
Share-based payment expense 1 0 (2)
Other non-cash items included in profit before tax [6] 2,584 (46,948) (48)
Change in loans to HSBC undertakings 41,471 7,293 (1,122)
Change in financial assets with HSBC undertakings designated and otherwise mandatorily measured at fair value (38,451) (7,305) (11,944)
Change in financial investments in HSBC undertakings 0 0 (1,775)
Change in net trading securities and derivatives (1,433) 758 (2,183)
Change in other assets (437) 231 134
Change in financial investments (70) 0 0
Change in debt securities in issue 1,899 (1,094) 1,020
Change in financial liabilities designated at fair value 1,227 (740) 954
Change in other liabilities 437 (1,883) 721
Tax paid (received) 459 301 443
Net cash from operating activities 17,018 3,570 (8,294)
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities [abstract]      
Purchase of financial investments (19,293) 0 0
Proceeds from the sale and maturity of financial investments 6,755 0 1,165
Net cash outflow from acquisition of or increase in stake of subsidiaries (3,721) (8,992) (89)
Repayment of capital from subsidiaries 0 3,627 4,070
Net investment in intangible assets (44) (121) (150)
Net cash from investing activities (16,303) (5,486) 4,996
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities [abstract]      
Issue of ordinary share capital and other equity instruments 500 6,652 5,647
Cancellation of shares (1,006) (1,998) (3,000)
Purchase of treasury shares 0 0 0
Redemption of preference shares and other equity instruments 0 (6,093) 0
Subordinated loan capital issued 0 0 0
Subordinated loan capital repaid (4,107) (1,972) (1,184)
Debt securities issued 10,817 19,513 11,433
Debt securities repaid 0 (1,025) 0
Dividends paid on ordinary shares (7,582) (8,693) (6,987)
Dividends paid to holders of other equity instruments (1,414) (1,360) (1,359)
Net cash from financing activities (2,792) 5,024 4,550
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (2,077) 3,108 1,252
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 Jan 8,057 [7] 4,949 [7] 3,697
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 Dec [7] 5,980 8,057 4,949
Cash and cash equivalents comprise:      
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 Dec [7] $ 5,980 $ 8,057 $ 4,949
[1] 1The impact of the right-of-use assets recognised under IFRS 16 at the beginning of 2019 is not recognised in 2018 and 2017. This also includes the impact of a $7.3bn goodwill impairment in 2019.
[2] Adjustment to bring changes between opening and closing balance sheet amounts to average rates. This is not done on a line-by-line basis, as details cannot be determined without unreasonable expense.
[3] Subordinated liabilities changes during the year are attributable to repayments of $(4.2)bn (2018: $(4.1)bn; 2017: $(3.6)bn) of securities. Non-cash changes during the year included foreign exchange gains/(losses) of $0.6bn (2018: $(0.6)bn; 2017: $(0.6)bn) and fair value gains/(losses) of $1.4bn (2018: $(1.4)bn; 2017: $(1.2)bn).
[4] 4In 2019, HSBC included settlement accounts with bank counterparties of one month or less on a net basis. Comparatives have been re-presented and also include the net impact of other cash equivalents not previously included in cash and cash equivalents. The net effect of these changes increased cash and cash equivalents by $11.8bn in 2018 and decreased cash and cash equivalents by $(13.7)bn in 2017.
[5] At 31 December 2019, $35,735m (2018: $26,282m; 2017: $39,830m) was not available for use by HSBC, of which $19,353m (2018: $19,755m; 2017: $21,424m) related to mandatory deposits at central banks.
[6] The 2018 year included $44,893m (2019: nil) return on capital from HSBC Finance (Netherlands) resulting from restructuring the Group’s Asia operation to meet resolution and recovery requirements.
[7] In 2019, HSBC included settlement accounts with bank counterparties of one month or less on a net basis. Comparatives have been re-presented and also include other cash equivalents not included in 2018 cash and cash equivalents. The net effect of these changes increased cash and cash equivalents by $1,548m in 2018 and had no impact in 2017.