UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2021
☐ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _______________ to______________
Commission file number 000-26331
GREYSTONE LOGISTICS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Oklahoma | 75-2954680 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1613 East 15th Street, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74120
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(918) 583-7441
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered | |
| None | None |
Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
☐ Yes ☒ No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
☐ Yes ☒ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer ☒ | Smaller reporting company ☒ |
| Emerging growth company ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of November 30, 2020, the aggregate market value of the voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by using the average of the high and low price on such date, was $15,079,000 ($0.96 per share).
As of August 14, 2021, the issuer had outstanding a total of 28,361,201 shares of its $0.0001 par value common stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None.
GREYSTONE LOGISTICS, INC.
FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Organization
Greystone Logistics, Inc. (“Greystone” or the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware on February 24, 1969, under the name Permaspray Manufacturing Corporation. It subsequently changed its name to Browning Enterprises Inc. in April 1982, to Cabec Energy Corp. in June 1993, to PalWeb Corporation in April 1999 and to Greystone Logistics, Inc. in March 2005, as further described below. In December 1997, Greystone acquired all of the issued and outstanding stock of Plastic Pallet Production, Inc., a Texas corporation (“PPP”), and since that time, Greystone has primarily been engaged in the business of manufacturing and selling plastic pallets.
Effective September 8, 2003, Greystone acquired substantially all of the assets of Greystone Plastics, Inc., an Iowa corporation, through the purchase of such assets by Greystone’s newly formed, wholly-owned subsidiary, Greystone Manufacturing, L.L.C., an Oklahoma limited liability company (“GSM”). Greystone Plastics, Inc. was a manufacturer of plastic pallets used in the beverage industry.
Effective March 18, 2005, the Company caused its newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary, Greystone Logistics, Inc., an Oklahoma corporation, to be merged with and into the Company. In connection with such merger and as of the effective time of the merger, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation by changing its name from PalWeb Corporation to Greystone Logistics, Inc., pursuant to the terms of the certificate of ownership and merger filed by Greystone with the Secretary of State of Oklahoma.
Current Business
Products
Greystone’s primary business is the manufacturing of plastic pallets utilizing recycled plastic and selling the pallets through its wholly owned subsidiary, GSM. Greystone sells its pallets through a network of independent contractor distributors and direct sales by its President and sales department. As of May 31, 2021, Greystone had an aggregate in-house production capacity of approximately 180,000 pallets per month and uses a third-party manufacturer for certain pallets.
Greystone’s product line as of May 31, 2021 consists of the following:
| ● | 37” X 32” rackable pallet, | |
| ● | 40” X 32” rackable pallet, | |
| ● | 37” X 37” rackable pallet, | |
| ● | 44” X 56” can pallet, | |
| ● | 48” X 48” rackable pallet, | |
| ● | 48” X 40” rackable pallet, | |
| ● | 48” X 44” rackable pallet, | |
| ● | 48” X 40” nestable pallet with or without detachable runners, | |
| ● | 24” X 40” display pallet, | |
| ● | 48” X 40” monoblock (one-piece) pallet, | |
| ● | Half-barrel keg stackable pallet, | |
| ● | Slim keg stackable pallet, | |
| ● | 36” X 36” rackable pallet, | |
| ● | 48” X 45” monoblock pallet, | |
| ● | 48” X 45” drum pallet, and | |
| ● | 48” X 40” mid duty pallet. |
The principal raw materials used in manufacturing Greystone’s plastic pallets are in abundant supply, and some of these materials may be obtained from recycled plastic containers. At the present time, these materials are being purchased from local, national and international suppliers.
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Other Business
Greystone’s operations include grinding and pelletizing recycled plastic. Pelletizing the recycled plastic is a further refinement of the ground material. To the extent that Greystone has excess capacity for either grinding or pelletizing, it may provide tolling services for grinding plastic to third parties or sell the pelletized plastic. Currently, all of the material that is ground or pelletized is used in-house to satisfy Greystone’s pallet production needs. Accordingly, Greystone has curtailed the sale of pelletized plastic and tolling services to third-party customers pending future changes with respect to internal requirements or an increase in grinding and pelletizing capacity.
Pallet Industry
Pallets are devices used for moving and storing freight. A pallet is used as a base for assembling, storing, stacking, handling, and transporting goods as a unit load. A pallet is constructed to facilitate the placement of a lift truck’s forks between the levels of a platform so it may be moved easily.
Pallets are used worldwide for the transportation of goods and they are primarily made of wood. An estimated 80-90 percent of all U.S. commerce is carried on pallets which amounts to an estimated 2.6 billion pallets in circulation daily in the United States. The manufacture of wood pallets is estimated to consume more than 45 percent of total U.S. hardwood lumber production. “Pallets move the world,” says Dr. Marshall S. “Mark” White, an emeritus professor at Virginia Tech University and director of the William H. Sardo Jr. Pallet and Container Research Laboratory and Center for Packaging and Unit Load Design.
The largest industry users of pallets such as the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, beverage and dairy industries are populated with large public or private entities for which profitable financial performance is paramount. The trend for pallets is expected to expand because of overall pallet demand resulting from growth in the U.S. economy and the current U.S. government administration’s efforts to move manufacturing capacity back to the U.S. The operating issues presented by wood pallets have been tolerated to date as there has been no viable alternative in sufficient size for replacement. A report on the market for pallets in North America by Zoe Biller, an industry analyst for Freedonia Group, provided the following on wood and plastic pallets:
Wood: Although not highlighted in her report, Biller estimates that about 60% of wooden pallets are used and about 40% are new. Those percentages could shift in favor of new pallets going forward because the industry has been reporting a shortage of quality used pallets, known as cores, for the last year or so. “The core shortage appears to be real and it is going to be part of what’s going on going forward,” Biller said. “But it should correct itself in the long term as end users buy new pallets that replenish the pool.”
Nearly five years ago, Costco announced that it was going entirely to a block pallet. Biller believes Costco’s decision is a symptom of the overall trend towards block pallets rather than a driver. “Costco is part of a broader trend towards pallets that are easier to use, especially in an automated system or with pallet jacks,” Biller said. Block pallets fit both of those bills. She adds, “There’s also a bigger trend to turn products and processes that aren’t a core business to a third party and pallet management is definitely part of that trend.”
Plastic: The move towards plastic appears to be driven by companies that can control their pallet pools and take advantage of plastics’ longevity as well as “growing sanitation concerns related to wood pallets,” Biller said. “Food safety regulations may have something to do with it going forward.” Asked if she was surprised by any of the results, Biller said she was surprised by how far the pallet market declined during the recession. “A big part of the market advance is the need to bring the number of pallets available for use to required levels,” she said.
According to Bob Trebilcock of Modern Materials Handling Magazine, one important bullet point for pallet users from the Freedonia report’s executive summary was that plastic pallets have seen their strongest advances in percentage terms ever and will continue to record above average growth.
According to Persistence Market Research, rising demand for alternative pallet types is anticipated to boost the growth of plastic pallets in the global pallets market.
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In a June 2018 article, Persistence Market Research published an article that non-wood pallets are likely to experience a massive increase in demand across the globe. Among these, plastic pallets are expected to be the most attractive option. The major reason behind the increase in popularity of and demand for plastic pallets is due to the ease with which these can be cleaned. In addition, they are made of recycled materials. This is a very attractive benefit for companies working towards becoming more environment friendly. This factor is creating a positive impact on the plastic pallets market.
Another factor which is driving the growth of plastic pallets is the adoption of pallets by new users. The pallet utilization in various regions across the globe is typically low compared to the size of their manufacturing, warehousing, and construction sectors. However, in the coming years, greater numbers of potential pallet users will strive to become more competitive on a global scale by improving operating efficiencies and reducing product damage in shipments through the use of plastic pallets.
The increase in trade volume especially in the Middle East and African regions is also anticipated to fuel the growth of the plastic pallets market. Gulf Cooperation Council countries, located in between the Far East and Europe, can be considered as the gateway to the world’s most progressive markets such as India and China. The transport and logistics sector in the Middle East region is showing substantial growth rates with a long-term positive outlook. The plastic pallets market is thus expected to witness significant growth and is a vital link in supply chain and storage.
With a huge incremental opportunity, the global pallets market is projected to grow at more than 5% Compound Annual Growth Rate (“CAGR”) during the period of assessment.
During the period 2012 – 2016, the global pallets market expanded at a CAGR of 4.7%. However, during the forecast period – that is between 2018 and 2025 – the market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 5.4% owing to increasing demand for better and safe transportation coupled with the rise in demand for pallets from various industries like food, agriculture, chemicals etc. The global pallets market is projected to represent incremental opportunity of more than $25 billion between 2018 and 2025.
Types of Pallets
The most common size pallet is the 48” x 40” 4-way pallet or otherwise referred to as the GMA (Grocery Manufacturer Association) pallet or sometimes known in the industry as the “GMA Pallet,” “The GMA Pallet,” “GMA 48 x 40 Pallet,” or “GMA Block Pallet.” The GMA pallet acts as a commodity in the pallet industry, as price is often determined by availability. As wood pallets move through their life cycle from a new pallet to a used pallet, they are repaired and put back in service until they are sent to a landfill or used as wood compost.
Pallets are the primary interface between the packaged product and today’s highly automated material handling equipment. Although pallets are not the most glamorous part of the warehouse, they are important because users have expectations based on specifications and wood pallets lack critical manufacturing details that determine performance. The end user becomes frustrated when these pallets do not perform to expectation. Shipments can be damaged or rejected entirely resulting in significant product and revenue losses. This angst is aggravated when new multi-million-dollar automated systems are in use.
Employees
As of May 31, 2021, Greystone had 261 employees on full-time status. A temporary personnel service provides additional production personnel on an as needed basis of which there were 30 production personnel as of May 31, 2021.
Marketing and Customers
Greystone’s primary focus is to provide quality plastic pallets to its existing customers while continuing its marketing efforts to broaden its customer base. Greystone’s existing customers are primarily located in the United States and engaged in the beverage, pharmaceutical and other industries. Greystone has generated and plans to continue to generate interest in its pallets by attending trade shows sponsored by industry segments that would benefit from Greystone’s products. Greystone hopes to gain wider product acceptance by marketing the concept that the widespread use of plastic pallets could greatly reduce the destruction of trees on a worldwide basis. Greystone sells to customers through contract distributors or by direct contract through its President and other employees.
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Greystone derived a substantial portion of its revenue from four customers. These customers accounted for approximately 83% and 87% of total sales in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively. Greystone’s recycled plastic pallets are designed to meet the respective customer’s needs and are the only pallets approved for use by these customers. There is no assurance that Greystone will retain these customers’ business at the same level, or at all. The loss of a material amount of business from one of these customers could have a material adverse effect on Greystone.
Competition
Greystone’s primary competitors are a large number of small, privately held firms that sell wood pallets in very limited geographic locations. Greystone believes that it can compete with manufacturers of wood pallets by emphasizing the cost savings realized over the longer life of its plastic pallets as well as the environmental benefits (principally elimination from landfill and recycling) of its plastic pallets as compared to wood pallets. Greystone also competes with three large and approximately ten small manufacturers of plastic pallets. Some of Greystone’s competitors may have substantially greater financial and other resources than Greystone and, therefore, may be able to commit greater resources than Greystone in such areas of product development, manufacturing and marketing. However, Greystone believes that its proprietary designs coupled with the competitive pricing of its products gives Greystone an advantage over other plastic pallet manufacturers.
Government Regulation
Although Greystone recycles approximately 88 million pounds of post-consumer plastic per year which would otherwise be destined for the landfill, business operations of Greystone are subject to existing and potential federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations pertaining to the handling and disposition of wastes (including solid and hazardous wastes) or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment. In addition, both the plastics industry and Greystone are subject to existing and potential federal, state, local and foreign legislation designed to reduce solid wastes by requiring, among other things, plastics to be degradable in landfills, minimum levels of recycled content, various recycling requirements, disposal fees and limits on the use of plastic products.
Patents and Trademarks
Greystone seeks to protect its technical advances by pursuing national and international patent protection for its products and methods when appropriate.
Management Plastic Pallet Summation
During the past two decades both timber prices and landfill fees have increased and have compelled businesses to modify the way pallets are managed. Businesses can evaluate and improve their pallet management systems and reduce associated waste by utilizing recycled plastic pallets.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, deforestation is a significant contributor to global carbon dioxide gas emissions. Deforestation leads to CO2 emissions because the carbon sequestered in trees is emitted into the atmosphere and not counter-balanced by re-growth of new trees. Additionally, estimates are that up to 20 percent of total pallet wood waste ends up in land fill.
Greystone’s management believes that the gradual shifting trend from wood to 100 percent recyclable plastic pallets will continue, with the primary limiting factors being a front-end higher price and some regulatory limits to certain applications of pallet use. The savings come in the recyclability and significantly longer life which lowers the cost per trip dramatically. Greystone intends to continue to conduct research on pallet design for strength and coefficient of friction, on the materials used to make the plastic pallets as required to meet market demands and to improve its existing products. Plastic pallets reduce wood waste, are hygienic, weigh less which lowers fuel consumption and transport costs and are fully recyclable.
The principal raw materials used in manufacturing Greystone’s plastic pallets are in abundant supply. At the present time, these materials are being purchased from local, national and international suppliers.
Not applicable.
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Greystone leases two primary buildings for a total of 120,000 square feet of manufacturing and warehouse space. These two buildings located on approximately 3 acres of land in Bettendorf, Iowa are leased from Greystone Real Estate, L.L.C. (“GRE”), a variable interest entity owned by Warren F. Kruger, Greystone’s President, CEO and a director, and Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a director of Greystone. The manufacturing and warehouse space is sufficiently equipped and designed to accommodate the manufacturing of plastic pallets and is also used for grinding, processing and pelletizing recycled plastic.
In addition, Greystone owns three buildings located within a 30-mile radius of its primary facility for an additional 95,000 square feet of warehouse space. These buildings are currently used for warehousing inventory and grinding operations.
See discussion of legal proceeding in Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 14. Concentrations, Risks and Uncertainties of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference into this Part I. Item 3.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market Information
Greystone’s common stock is traded on the OTCQB under the symbol “GLGI.” The following table sets forth the range of high and low per share bid quotations for Greystone’s common stock during the time periods indicated. The source of the foregoing quotations was the Financial Industry Regulatory Composite Feed or other qualified inter dealer quotation medium as provided by OTC Market Group, Inc.:
| Quarter Ended | High | Low | ||||||
| August 31, 2019 | 0.59 | 0.52 | ||||||
| November 30, 2019 | 0.55 | 0.32 | ||||||
| February 29, 2020 | 0.49 | 0.42 | ||||||
| May 31, 2020 | 0.92 | 0.30 | ||||||
| August 31, 2020 | 1.08 | 0.71 | ||||||
| November 30, 2020 | 1.05 | 0.83 | ||||||
| February 28, 2021 | 0.99 | 0.80 | ||||||
| May 31, 2021 | 1.35 | 0.84 | ||||||
Quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, markdown or commission and may not represent actual transactions.
Holders
As of approximately May 31, 2021, Greystone had approximately 218 common stockholders of record.
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Dividends
Greystone paid no cash dividends to its common stockholders during the last two fiscal years and does not plan to pay any cash dividends in the near future. The loan agreement dated January 31, 2014 (the “IBC Loan Agreement”), as amended, among Greystone, GSM and International Bank of Commerce (“IBC”) prohibits Greystone from declaring or paying any dividends in respect to its common stock without IBC’s prior written consent. See Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. In addition, accrued preferred stock dividends must be paid before a dividend on common stock may be declared or paid, as set forth in the Certificate of Designation, Preferences, Rights and Limitations relating to the preferred stock. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of this Form 10-K for additional information.
Greystone paid dividends on its 2003 preferred stock in the amounts of $407,329 and $426,918 in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Not applicable.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information
This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes “forward looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements concern Greystone’s plans, expectations and objectives for future operations. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this Form 10-K that address activities, events or developments that Greystone expects, believes or anticipates will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, among others, such things as:
| ● | expansion and growth of Greystone’s business and operations; | |
| ● | future financial performance; | |
| ● | future acquisitions and developments; | |
| ● | potential sales of products; | |
| ● | future financing activities; and | |
| ● | business strategy. |
These forward-looking statements are based on assumptions that Greystone believes are reasonable based on current expectations and projections about future events and industry conditions and trends affecting Greystone’s business. However, whether actual results and developments will conform to Greystone’s expectations and predictions is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements, including those factors discussed under the section of this Form 10-K entitled “Risk Factors.” In addition, Greystone’s historical financial performance is not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future and Greystone believes that such comparisons cannot be relied upon as indicators of future performance.
Risk Factors
Greystone has attained operating profits and positive cash flows from operating activities but there is no assurance that it will be able to sustain profitability.
Greystone’s current operations of manufacturing plastic pallets commenced in 1996. Greystone incurred losses from operations from such time through fiscal year 2007. The results of Greystone’s operations for the fiscal years after fiscal year 2007 showed an operating profit and positive cash flows from operations with the exception of fiscal year 2011 for which Greystone incurred a loss but had positive operating income and positive cash flows from operations. There is no assurance that Greystone will maintain a positive operating profit or otherwise obtain funds to finance capital and debt service requirements.
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Greystone has granted security interests in substantially all of its assets in connection with certain debt financings and other transactions.
In connection with certain debt financings and other transactions, Greystone has granted third parties security interests in substantially all of its assets pursuant to agreements entered into with such third parties. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under such agreements, the secured parties may enforce their rights and Greystone may lose all or a portion of its assets. As a result, Greystone could be forced to materially reduce its business activities or cease operations.
Greystone’s business could be affected by changes in availability of raw materials.
Greystone uses a proprietary mix of raw materials to produce its plastic pallets. Such raw materials are generally readily available and some may be obtained from a broad range of recycled plastic suppliers and unprocessed waste plastic. At the present time, these materials are being purchased from local and national suppliers and international suppliers if available. The availability of Greystone’s raw materials could change at any time for various reasons. For example, the market demand for Greystone’s raw materials could suddenly increase, or the rate at which plastic materials are recycled could decrease, affecting both availability and price. Additionally, the laws and regulations governing the production of plastics and the recycling of plastic containers could change and, as a result, affect the supply of Greystone’s raw materials. Any interruption in the supply of raw materials or components could have a material adverse effect on Greystone. Furthermore, certain potential alternative suppliers may have pre-existing exclusive relationships with Greystone’s competitors and others that may preclude Greystone from obtaining raw materials from such suppliers.
Greystone’s business could be affected by competition and rapid technological change.
Greystone currently faces competition from many companies that produce wooden pallets at prices that are substantially lower than the prices Greystone and other companies that manufacture plastic pallets charge for their plastic pallets. It is anticipated that the plastic pallet industry will be subject to intense competition and rapid technological change. Greystone could potentially face additional competition from recycling and plastics companies, many of which have substantially greater financial and other resources than Greystone and, therefore, are able to spend more than Greystone in areas such as product development, manufacturing and marketing. Competitors may develop products that render Greystone’s products or proposed products uneconomical or result in products being commercialized that may be superior to Greystone’s products. In addition, alternatives to plastic pallets could be developed, which would have a material adverse effect on Greystone.
Greystone is dependent on a few large customers.
Greystone derives, and expects that in the foreseeable future it will continue to derive, a large portion of its revenue from a few large customers. Four customers currently account for approximately 83% of its total sales in fiscal year 2021 (87% in fiscal year 2020). There is no assurance that Greystone will retain these customers’ business at the same level, or at all. The loss of a material amount of business from one of these customers would have a material adverse effect on Greystone.
Greystone’s business could be affected by the Coronavirus, COVID-19.
The impact of COVID-19 has created much uncertainty in the marketplace. If the pandemic created by COVID-19 continues for an extended time, there is no assurance that Greystone will be able to maintain customers’ business at the same level or maintain adequate work force to meet customer demands for pallets.
Greystone may not be able to effectively protect Greystone’s patents and proprietary rights.
Greystone relies upon a combination of patents and trade secrets to protect its proprietary technology, rights and know-how. There can be no assurance that such patent rights will not be infringed upon, that Greystone’s trade secrets will not otherwise become known to or independently developed by competitors, that non-disclosure agreements will not be breached, or that Greystone would have adequate remedies for any such infringement or breach. Litigation may be necessary to enforce Greystone’s proprietary rights or to defend Greystone against third-party claims of infringement. Such litigation could result in substantial cost to, and a diversion of effort by, Greystone and its management and may have a material adverse effect on Greystone. Greystone’s success and potential competitive advantage is dependent upon its ability to exploit the technology under these patents. There can be no assurance that Greystone will be able to exploit the technology covered by these patents or that Greystone will be able to do so exclusively.
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Greystone’s business could be affected by changing or new legislation regarding environmental matters.
Greystone’s business is subject to changing federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations pertaining to the discharge of materials into the environment, the handling and disposition of waste (including solid and hazardous waste) or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment. As is the case with manufacturers in general, if a release of hazardous substances occurs on or from Greystone’s properties or any associated off-site disposal location, or if contamination from prior activities is discovered at any of Greystone’s properties, Greystone may be held liable. No assurances can be given that additional environmental issues will not require future expenditures. In addition, the plastics industry is subject to existing and potential federal, state, local and foreign legislation designed to reduce solid wastes by requiring, among other things, plastics to be degradable in landfills, minimum levels of recycled content, various recycling requirements and disposal fees and limits on the use of plastic products. Also, various consumer and special interest groups have lobbied from time to time for the implementation of these and other such similar measures. Although Greystone believes that the legislation promulgated to date and such initiatives to date have not had a material adverse effect on it, there can be no assurance that any such future legislative or regulatory efforts or future initiatives would not have a material adverse effect.
Greystone’s business could be subject to potential product liability claims.
The testing, manufacturing and marketing of Greystone’s products and proposed products involve inherent risks related to product liability claims or similar legal theories that may be asserted against Greystone, some of which may cause Greystone to incur significant defense costs. Although Greystone currently maintains product liability insurance coverage that it believes is adequate, there can be no assurance that the coverage limits of its insurance will be adequate under all circumstances or that all such claims will be covered by insurance. In addition, these policies generally must be renewed every year. While Greystone has been able to obtain product liability insurance in the past, there can be no assurance it will be able to obtain such insurance in the future on all of its existing or future products. A successful product liability claim or other judgment against Greystone in excess of its insurance coverage, or the loss of Greystone’s product liability insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect upon Greystone.
Greystone currently depends on certain key personnel.
Greystone is dependent on the experience, abilities and continued services of its current management. In particular, Warren Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO, has played a significant role in the development, management and financing of Greystone. The loss or reduction of services of Warren Kruger or any other key employee could have a material adverse effect on Greystone. In addition, there is no assurance that additional managerial assistance will not be required, or that Greystone will be able to attract or retain such personnel.
Greystone’s executive officers and directors control a large percentage of Greystone’s outstanding common stock and all of Greystone’s 2003 preferred stock, which entitles them to certain voting rights, including the right to elect a majority of Greystone’s Board of Directors.
Greystone’s executive officers and directors (and their affiliates), in the aggregate, own approximately 44.2% of Greystone’s outstanding common stock and have approximately 50.03% of the voting power. Therefore, Greystone’s executive officers and directors can have significant influence with respect to the outcome of matters submitted to Greystone’s shareholders for approval (including the election and removal of directors and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of Greystone’s assets) and to control Greystone’s management and affairs. In addition, two of Greystone’s directors (including one who also serves as Greystone’s chief executive officer) own all of Greystone’s outstanding 2003 preferred stock, with each owning 50%. The terms and conditions of Greystone’s 2003 preferred stock provide that such holder has the right to elect a majority of Greystone’s Board of Directors. Such concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination or discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control, which in turn could have an adverse effect on the market price of Greystone’s common stock.
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Greystone’s stock trades in a limited public market and is subject to price volatility. There can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop or be sustained.
There has been a limited public trading market for Greystone’s common stock and there can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop or be sustained. The trading price of Greystone’s common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations in response to variations in quarterly operating results or even mild expressions of interest on a given day. Accordingly, Greystone’s common stock should be expected to experience substantial price changes in short periods of time. Even if Greystone is performing according to its plan and there is no legitimate company-specific financial basis for this volatility, it must still be expected that substantial percentage price swings will occur in Greystone’s common stock for the foreseeable future. In addition, the limited market for Greystone’s common stock may restrict Greystone’s shareholders ability to liquidate their shares.
Greystone does not expect to declare or pay any dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future.
Greystone has not declared or paid any dividends on its common stock. Greystone currently intends to retain future earnings to fund the development and growth of its business, to repay indebtedness and for general corporate purposes, and, therefore, does not anticipate paying any cash dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of certain loan documentation with International Bank of Commerce and the terms and conditions of Greystone’s 2003 preferred stock, Greystone is restricted in its ability to pay dividends to holders of its common stock.
Greystone’s common stock may be subject to secondary trading restrictions related to penny stocks.
Certain transactions involving the purchase or sale of Greystone’s common stock may be affected by a Commission rule for “penny stocks” that imposes additional sales practice burdens and requirements upon broker-dealers that purchase or sell such securities. For transactions covered by this penny stock rule, among other things, broker-dealers must make certain disclosures to purchasers prior to the purchase or sale. Consequently, the penny stock rule may impede the ability of broker-dealers to purchase or sell Greystone’s common stock for their customers and the ability of persons now owning or subsequently acquiring Greystone’s common stock to resell such securities.
Greystone may issue additional equity securities, which would lead to further dilution of Greystone’s issued and outstanding stock.
The issuance of additional common stock or securities convertible into common stock would result in further dilution of the ownership interest in Greystone held by existing shareholders. Greystone is authorized to issue, without shareholder approval, an additional 20,700,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, in one or more series, which may give other shareholders dividend, conversion, voting and liquidation rights, among other rights, which may be superior to the rights of holders of Greystone’s common stock. In addition, Greystone is authorized to issue, without shareholder approval, over 4.9 billion additional shares of its common stock and securities convertible into common stock.
Results of Operations
General
The consolidated financial statements include Greystone and its two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Greystone Manufacturing, L.L.C. (“GSM”), and Plastic Pallet Production, Inc. (“PPP”), and one variable interest entity, Greystone Real Estate, L.L.C. (“GRE”).
Greystone’s primary business is the manufacturing of plastic pallets utilizing recycled plastic and selling the pallets through one of its wholly owned subsidiaries, GSM.
As of May 31, 2021 and 2020, Greystone had 261 and 255 employees on full-time status, respectively. Temporary personnel from a personnel service entity are utilized as needed. There were 30 and 84 temporary personnel as of May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Greystone’s in-house production capacity for its injection molding machines capable of producing pallets is approximately 180,000 plastic pallets per month, or 2,160,000 per year. Production levels generally vary proportionately with sales orders or restrictions to maintain quality of pallets.
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Year Ended May 31, 2021 Compared to Year Ended May 31, 2020
Sales
Sales were $64,925,059 for fiscal year 2021 compared to $76,204,608 for fiscal year 2020 for a decrease of $11,279,549, or about 15%. The decrease in pallet sales from fiscal year 2020 to 2021 is principally due to (i) approximately 9.6% as a result of lowered pricing on certain pallets resulting from a customer delivering a portion of their own raw materials used in the manufacturing process of certain pallets, (ii) a net decrease of about 6.6% of total pallets sold and (iii) an offset of about 1.3% from increases in pricing for certain pallets. During the latter part of fiscal year 2021, locating and hiring new employees became a challenge for Greystone resulting in an inability to maintain full machine production time.
Greystone had four major customers who accounted for approximately 83% and 87% of total sales in fiscal year 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales was $53,468,239 (82% of sales) and $64,721,749 (85% of sales) in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively. The ratio of cost of sales to sales in fiscal year 2021 reflects a decrease over the ratio for fiscal year 2020 resulting from improved margins on certain pallets from repricing, improved efficiencies for pallet production, and increased capacity for in-house grinding and pelletizing recycled plastic. A decrease in supply of plastic resulted in prices increasing during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021, which is expected to carry into fiscal year 2022.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative (SGA) expense was $5,202,231, (8.0% of sales) for fiscal year 2021 compared to $4,623,618 (6.1% of sales) for fiscal year 2020 for an increase of $578,613 or approximately 12.5%. The increase in SGA is principally due to arbitration as discussed in Part II, Item 3, Legal Proceedings.
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $1,177,799 in fiscal year 2021 compared to $1,705,351 in fiscal year 2020 for a decrease of $527,552. This decrease is primarily attributable to a net decrease in long-term debt and financing leases during fiscal year 2021 by approximately $5.9 million plus a net decrease in the IBC revolver loan by $2,540,000. Additionally, Greystone received a $3,034,000 PPP Loan in April 2020 which bears a 1% interest rate.
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes was $1,480,590 in fiscal year 2021 compared to $209,000 in fiscal year 2020 for an increase of $1,271,590. The provision for income taxes was affected in fiscal year 2020, by a decrease in the valuation allowance for deferred taxes. The effective tax rate differs from federal statutory rates due to net income from GRE which, as a limited liability company, is not taxed at the corporate level, state income taxes, charges which have no tax benefit and changes in the valuation allowance.
Based upon a review of its income tax filing positions, Greystone believes that its positions would be sustained upon an audit by the Internal Revenue Service and does not anticipate any adjustments that would result in a material change to its financial position. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded.
Net Income
Net income was $3,625,526 in fiscal year 2021 compared to $4,962,570 in fiscal year 2020 for a decrease of $1,337,044 for the reasons discussed above.
Net Income Attributable to Common Stockholders
After deducting preferred dividends and income attributable to non-controlling interests, the net income attributable to common stockholders was $3,030,165, or $0.11 per share, in fiscal year 2021 compared to $4,301,585, or $0.15 per share, in fiscal year 2020 for the reasons discussed above.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
A summary of Greystone’s cash flows for the year ended May 31, 2021 is as follows:
| Cash provided by operating activities | $ | 15,182,629 | ||
| Cash used in investing activities | $ | (2,905,640 | ) | |
| Cash used in financing activities | $ | (9,021,306 | ) |
Contractual obligations of Greystone as of May 31, 2021, excluding the PPP Loan of $3,034,000 which was forgiven by the SBA on June 11, 2021, were as follows:
| Total | 1 year | 2-3 years | 4-5 years | Over 5 years | ||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | 13,204,368 | $ | 3,236,113 | $ | 9,603,198 | $ | 365,057 | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Financing lease rents | $ | 3,880,065 | $ | 1,948,534 | $ | 1,919,227 | $ | 12,304 | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Operating lease rents | $ | 116,770 | $ | 61,881 | $ | 52,899 | $ | 1,990 | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Commitments | $ | 516,092 | $ | 516,092 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||
Greystone had a working capital deficit of $(2,601,748) as of May 31, 2021.
Greystone was approved for and received a $3,034,000 PPP Loan through a note payable with IBC. The PPP Loan has a 1.0% rate of interest and a six-month deferral of principal and interest payments; thereafter, monthly principal and interest payments of $177,803 are due over seventeen months with a final payment on April 10, 2022. The PPP Loan has provisions for debt forgiveness of all or a portion of the principal and interest if certain conditions are met. Effective June 11, 2021, IBC notified Greystone that the PPP Loan, including accrued interest, had been forgiven.
Greystone’s principal long-term debt obligations include a $4,000,000 revolving line of credit and several term notes with IBC with various maturities and a note payable to Mr. Rosene maturing on January 15, 2022. To provide for the funding to meet Greystone’s operating activities and contractual obligations as of May 31, 2021, Greystone will have to continue to produce positive operating results or explore various options including long-term debt and equity financing. However, there is no guarantee that Greystone will continue to create positive operating results or be able to raise sufficient financing to meet these obligations.
A substantial portion of debt financing that Greystone has received through May 31, 2021, has been provided by loans or through bank loan guarantees from the officers and directors of Greystone. Greystone continues to be dependent upon its officers and directors to provide and/or secure additional financing and there is no assurance that either will do so.
Greystone has 50,000 outstanding shares of cumulative 2003 Preferred Stock for a total of $5,000,000 with a preferred dividend rate at the prime rate of interest plus 3.25%. Greystone paid the accrued dividends to its preferred stockholders during fiscal years 2021 and 2020 of $407,329 and $426,918, respectively, and plans to continue to make preferred stock dividend payments to the holders of its preferred stock as allowed under the terms of the IBC Loan Agreement as discussed herein under the caption “Loans from International Bank of Commerce” which allows for such payments not to exceed $500,000 per year. Greystone does not anticipate that it will make cash dividend payments to any holders of its common stock unless and until the financial position of Greystone improves through increased revenues, additional financing or otherwise. Further, pursuant to the terms and conditions of certain loan documentation with International Bank of Commerce, as discussed herein under the caption “Loans from International Bank of Commerce,” and the terms and conditions of Greystone’s 2003 preferred stock, Greystone is restricted in its ability to pay dividends to holders of its common stock.
Transactions with Warren Kruger and Related Entities
Yorktown Management & Financial Services, LLC (“Yorktown”), an entity wholly owned by Mr. Kruger, Greystone’s CEO and President, owns and rents to Greystone (1) grinding equipment used to grind raw materials for Greystone’s pallet production and (2) extruders for pelletizing recycled plastic into pellets for use as raw material in the manufacture of pallets. Greystone compensates Yorktown for the use of equipment as discussed below.
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Rental fees. GSM pays weekly rental fees of $27,500 to Yorktown for grinding equipment and pelletizing equipment. Total rental fees of approximately $1,430,000 were paid in both fiscal years 2021 and 2020.
Yorktown provides administrative office space for Greystone in Tulsa, Oklahoma under a five-year lease agreement at a rental rate of $4,000 per month.
Sale and leaseback transaction. Effective December 28, 2018, Greystone and Yorktown entered into an agreement whereby Greystone sold certain newly acquired equipment to Yorktown at net book value, $968,168 and leased the equipment from Yorktown under a four-year agreement at a monthly rent of $27,915 for the initial thirty-six months and $7,695 for the remaining twelve months. The lease agreement provides for a bargain purchase option of $10,000 at the end of the lease term on December 31, 2022.
Loans from International Bank of Commerce (“IBC”)
On January 31, 2014, Greystone and GSM (the “Borrowers”) and IBC entered into a Loan Agreement (the “IBC Loan Agreement”), as amended. The IBC Loan Agreement includes a revolving loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $4,000,000 and several term loans primarily to fund acquisition of production equipment, as discussed in Note 4, Long-term Debt, to the consolidated financial statements. These loans are supported by a $6,500,000 guarantee by Warren Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO, and Robert Rosene, a Greystone board member.
Financing Leases
Effective May 10, 2016, Greystone and a private pallet leasing company (“Lessor”) entered into a Master Lease Agreement, with a bargain purchase option, for injection molding machines to increase production of pallets for the Lessor. Currently, there are three machines leased under the Master Lease Agreement. Generally, lease payments are based on sales to the Lessor of pallets produced from each machine.
Transactions with Robert B. Rosene, Jr.
Loan. Effective December 15, 2005, Greystone entered into an agreement with Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a member of Greystone’s Board of Directors, to convert $2,066,000 of advances into a note payable at 7.5% interest.
Effective June 1, 2016, the note payable to Mr. Rosene was restated (the “Restated Note”) whereby the accrued interest as of June 1, 2016 of $2,475,690 was combined with the outstanding principal of $2,066,000 resulting in a note payable in the principal amount of $4,541,690 with an interest rate of 7.5% and a maturity of January 15, 2019, subsequently amended to January 15, 2023. The Restated Note requires the payment of accrued interest to Mr. Rosene. In addition, the Restated Note allows Greystone to make additional payments, at Greystone’s discretion, up to an amount allowed by the IBC Loan Agreement.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Greystone does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Not applicable.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The consolidated financial statements of Greystone are set forth on pages F-1 through F-21 inclusive, found at the end of this report.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
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Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Greystone’s CEO and CFO have concluded that the design and operation of Greystone’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are effective as of May 31, 2021. This conclusion is based on an evaluation conducted under the supervision and participation of Greystone’s CEO and CFO along with Greystone’s management. Disclosure controls and procedures are those controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that Greystone files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to Greystone’s management, including Greystone’s CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Greystone’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of Greystone’s management, including Greystone’s CEO and CFO, Greystone evaluated the effectiveness of Greystone’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
None.
None.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
None.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Directors, Executive Officers, Promoters and Control Persons
The following lists the directors and executive officers of Greystone. Directors of Greystone are elected at annual meetings of shareholders unless appointed by the Board of Directors to fill a vacancy upon the resignation or removal of a member or an increase in the number of members of the Board of Directors. Executive officers serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.
| Name | Position | Term as Director Expires | ||
| Warren F. Kruger | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | 2022 | ||
| Larry J. LeBarre | Director | 2022 | ||
| Robert B. Rosene, Jr. | Director | 2022 | ||
| William W. Rahhal | Chief Financial Officer | N/A |
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Warren F. Kruger, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Mr. Warren F. Kruger, Manager/CEO of privately held Yorktown Management & Financial Services, L.L.C., is 64 years old. Yorktown is involved in investment banking, real estate, manufacturing and energy endeavors. Mr. Kruger is the non-executive chairman of the board of directors of Kruger Family Holdings, LLC, which owns TriEnda Holdings, LLC. and PendaForm, LLC. TriEnda Holdings manufactures plastic pallets utilizing a thermoform process. Because of the different qualities between the pallets manufactured by Greystone and TriEnda, there is no direct competition between the two companies. Mr. Kruger earned a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the University of Oklahoma, and an Executive M.B.A. from Southern Methodist University. Mr. Kruger has over forty years of experience in the financial services industry. In 1980, Mr. Kruger co-founded MCM Group, Ltd., which owned and controlled United Bank Club Association, Inc. until 1996 when the firm was sold to a subsidiary of Cendant Corp. (a former NYSE company). He also owned and operated Century Ice, a manufacturer and distributor of ice products from 1996 to 1997, when Packaged Ice, Inc., acquired Century Ice in an industry rollup.
Mr. Kruger became a director of Greystone on January 4, 2002, served as President and Chief Executive Officer from January 10, 2003 to August 15, 2005 and, most recently, has served as President and Chief Executive Officer from November 18, 2006 to the present.
Mr. Kruger’s business experience and knowledge of the day to day operations of Greystone make him well suited to serve on Greystone’s Board of Directors.
Mr. Larry J. LeBarre, Director
Mr. LeBarre, age 65, was President and CEO of privately-held Native American Marketing (“Native American”) until 2014 when the company was sold to Seminole Energy. Native American was founded by Mr. LeBarre in 2004 as an oil transportation, storage, and marketing business. Mr. LeBarre earned a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the University of Oklahoma, became a Certified Public Accountant while working for Price Waterhouse & Co. (now PriceWaterhouseCoopers, LLP) and continued his career in the hazardous waste industry and later with Plains Resources. Mr. LeBarre is also actively involved in investment banking, real estate, and oil and gas investments.
Mr. LeBarre became a director of Greystone effective May 5, 2012. Mr. LeBarre’s business experience makes him qualified to serve as a member of Greystone’s Board of Directors.
Mr. Robert B. Rosene, Jr., Director
Mr. Rosene, age 67, is President of Patriot Auto Group, L.L.C., which owns five auto dealerships in Oklahoma. In addition, Mr. Rosene oversees a variety of investments including oil and gas interests, commercial real estate and other investments. Mr. Rosene co-founded Summit Exploration, L.L.C., an oil and gas production company that owns oil and gas production interests in several states. Mr. Rosene has a B.A. with an emphasis in accounting from Oklahoma Baptist University.
Mr. Rosene became a director of Greystone effective June 14, 2004. Mr. Rosene’s business experience and longstanding relationship with Greystone make him a good fit as a member of Greystone’s Board of Directors.
William W. Rahhal, Chief Financial Officer
Mr. Rahhal, age 80, served as managing partner of Rahhal Henderson Johnson, PLLC, Certified Public Accountants, in Ardmore, Oklahoma, from 1988 to 2010 and retired from the firm effective December 31, 2013. Mr. Rahhal previously served as Greystone’s Chief Financial Officer from October 1, 2002 to October 1, 2004 and subsequently served Greystone as an accounting and financial consultant until his appointment as its Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Rahhal earned his B.B.A. from the University of Oklahoma and is a Certified Public Accountant licensed in Oklahoma and Texas. Mr. Rahhal has also previously served as a Senior Manager with Price Waterhouse & Co. (now PriceWaterhouseCoopers, LLP) and as financial manager of a privately-held oil and gas production company and contract drilling company.
Identification of the Audit Committee; Audit Committee Financial Expert
As of May 31, 2021, Greystone had not established an audit committee and the entire board of directors essentially serves as Greystone’s audit committee.
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Code of Ethics
Effective April 8, 2008, Greystone adopted a Code of Ethics applicable to Greystone’s officers and directors, including Greystone’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or persons performing similar functions. Greystone undertakes to provide any person without charge, upon request, a copy of such Code of Ethics. Requests may be directed to Greystone Logistics, Inc., 1613 East 15th Street, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74120, or by calling (918) 583-7441.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires Greystone’s directors, officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of any class of Greystone’s equity securities registered under Section 12 to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of such registered securities of Greystone. Officers, directors and greater than 10% beneficial owners are required by regulation to furnish to Greystone copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file.
Based solely on review of the copies of such reports furnished to Greystone and any written representations that no other reports were required during fiscal year 2021, to Greystone’s knowledge, all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to its officers, directors and greater than 10% beneficial owners during fiscal year 2021 were complied with on a timely basis.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The following table sets forth the compensation paid to named executive officers during the fiscal years ended May 31, 2021, 2020 and 2020:
Summary Compensation Table
Name and Principal Position | Fiscal Year Ending May 31, | Salary | Bonus | Option Awards | Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings | All Other Compensation | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Warren F. Kruger, | 2021 | $ | 360,000 | $ | 155,000 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 12,852 | $ | 527,852 | |||||||||||||||
| President and Chief | 2020 | $ | 360,000 | $ | 25,000 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 11,565 | $ | 396,565 | |||||||||||||||
| Executive Officer | 2019 | $ | 267,692 | $ | 102,708 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 4,615 | $ | 375,015 | |||||||||||||||
| William W. Rahhal, | 2021 | $ | 200,000 | $ | 75,000 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 6,389 | $ | 281,389 | |||||||||||||||
| Chief Financial | 2020 | $ | 200,000 | $ | 25,000 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 4,705 | $ | 229,705 | |||||||||||||||
| Officer | 2019 | $ | 141,538 | $ | 53,752 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 2,154 | $ | 197,444 | |||||||||||||||
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End
None.
Directors’ Compensation
Greystone pays compensation to members of the Board of Directors in the amount of $12,500 per meeting attended. In fiscal years 2021 and 2020, $50,000 and $50,000, respectively, was paid to each of Messrs. Kruger, Rosene and LeBarre.
Because the Board of Directors consists of three persons of which two are outside directors, the Board has not considered it necessary to create a compensation committee. All of Greystone’s directors participate in determining compensation for officers with Mr. Kruger abstaining from any discussions concerning his compensation.
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Compensation Program as it Relates to Risk
We have reviewed our compensation policies and practices for both executives and non-executives as they relate to risk and have determined that at this time they are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us.
Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan
General. Greystone’s Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (the “Stock Plan”) is administered by the Board of Directors of Greystone or, if the Board so authorizes, by a committee of the Board of Directors consisting of not less than two members of the Board of Directors. The Stock Plan is presently administered by the entire Board of Directors since no separate committee of the Board has been designated to administer the Stock Plan. Accordingly, many of the references below in this description of the Stock Plan to the Board of Directors could also be construed to be a committee thereof. All managerial and other key employees of Greystone and/or its subsidiaries who hold positions of significant responsibility or whose performance or potential contribution, in the judgment of the Board of Directors, will benefit the future success of Greystone are eligible to receive grants under the Stock Plan. In addition, each director of Greystone who is not an employee of Greystone is eligible to receive certain option grants pursuant to provisions of the Stock Plan. Previously, the Stock Plan was set to expire on May 11, 2011 and the maximum number of shares of common stock in respect of which options could be granted under the Stock Plan was 2,000,000. However, on May 5, 2012, the Board of Directors voted to cause the Stock Plan to be extended for another 10 years and to increase the number of shares of common stock in respect of which options could be granted to 2,500,000. This number is subject to appropriate equitable adjustment in the event of a reorganization, stock split or stock dividend or other similar change affecting Greystone’s common stock.
Price and Terms. Each option is evidenced by an agreement between Greystone and the optionee. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors at the time of grant, all options become exercisable at the rate of 25% of the total shares subject to the option on each of the first four anniversary dates of the date of grant, provided that the Board of Directors may, at any time, accelerate the date any outstanding option becomes exercisable. The exercise price for each share placed under option pursuant to the Stock Plan is determined by the Board of Directors but cannot in any event be less than 100% of the fair market value of such share on the date the option was granted.
Effect of Termination or Death. If an optionee’s employment with Greystone is terminated for any reason other than death or termination for cause, an option will be exercisable for a period of three months after the date of termination of employment as to all then vested portions of the option. In addition, the Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, approve acceleration of the vesting of any unvested portions of the option. If an optionee’s employment with Greystone is terminated for cause (as defined in the Stock Plan), the option shall terminate as of the date of such termination of employment, and the optionee shall have no further rights to exercise any portion of the option. If an optionee dies while employed by Greystone, any unvested portion of the option as of the date of death shall be vested as of the date of death, and the option shall be exercisable in full by the heirs or legal representatives of the optionee for a period of 12 months following the date of death. In any event, options terminate and are no longer exercisable after 10 years from the date of the grant.
Continued Service as a Director. In the event any optionee who is an employee and also a director of Greystone ceases to be employed by Greystone but continues to serve as a director of Greystone, the Board of Directors may determine that all or a portion of such optionee’s options shall not expire three months following the date of employment as described above, but instead shall continue in effect until the earlier of the date the optionee ceases to be a director of Greystone or the date the option otherwise expires according to its stated date of expiration. Termination of any such option in connection with the optionee’s termination of service as a director will be on terms similar to those described above in connection with termination of employment.
Grants to Non-Employee Directors. In order to retain, motivate and reward non-employee directors of Greystone, the Stock Plan extends participation to non-employee directors on the terms and conditions described below. The exercise price for options granted to non-employee directors is equal to 100% of the fair market value per share of common stock on the date the option is granted. As with options granted to employees, unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors at the time of grant, all options granted to non-employee directors become exercisable at the rate of 25% of the total shares subject to the option on each of the first four anniversary dates of the date of grant. The Board of Directors is also entitled at any time to accelerate the date any outstanding option becomes exercisable. If a non-employee director’s service on the Board of Directors is terminated for any reason other than death or removal from the Board of Directors for cause, an option will be exercisable for a period of three months after the date of removal from the Board of Directors as to all then vested portions of the option. If a non-employee director is removed from the Board of Directors for cause, the option will terminate as of the date of such removal, and the optionee shall have no further rights to exercise any portion of the option. If a non-employee director optionee dies while serving on the Board of Directors, any unvested portion of the option as of the date of death shall be vested as of the date of death, and the option shall be exercisable in full by the heirs or legal representatives of the optionee for a period of 12 months following the date of death. In any event, options terminate and are no longer exercisable after 10 years from the date of the grant.
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Other than as described above, all options granted to non-employee directors are subject to the same terms and conditions generally applicable to options granted to employees under the Stock Plan.
Exercise of Options. The exercise price of options may be paid in cash, by certified check, by tender of stock of Greystone (valued at fair market value on the date immediately preceding the date of exercise), by surrender of a portion of the option, or by a combination of such means of payment. The prior consent of the Board of Directors is required in connection with the payment of the exercise price of options by tender of shares or surrender of a portion of the option, except that the consent of the Board of Directors is not required if the exercise price is paid by surrender of shares that have been owned by the optionee for more than six months prior to the date of exercise of the option or by a combination of cash and shares that have been owned for more than six months.
Effect of Certain Corporate Transactions. In the event of any change in capitalization affecting the common stock of Greystone, such as a stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, split-up, combination or exchange of shares or other form of reorganization, liquidation, or any other change affecting the common stock, proportionate adjustments will be made with respect to the aggregate number and type of securities for which options may be granted under the Stock Plan, the number and type of securities covered by each outstanding option, and the exercise price of outstanding options so that optionees will be entitled upon exercise of options to receive the same number and kind of stock, securities, cash, property or other consideration that the optionee would have received in connection with the change in capitalization if such option had been exercised immediately preceding such change in capitalization. The Board of Directors may also make such adjustments in the number of shares covered by, and the price or other value of any outstanding options in the event of a spin-off or other distribution, other than normal cash dividends, of company assets to shareholders. In addition, unless the Board of Directors expressly determines otherwise, in the event of a Change in Control (as defined in the Stock Plan) of Greystone, all outstanding options will become immediately and fully exercisable and optionees will be entitled to surrender, within 60 days following the Change in Control, unexercised options or portions of options in return for a cash payment equal to the difference between the aggregate exercise price of the surrendered options and the fair market value of the shares of common stock underlying the surrendered options.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
As of May 31, 2021, Greystone had one equity incentive plan under which equity securities have been authorized for issuance to Greystone’s directors, officers, employees and other persons who perform substantial services for or on behalf of Greystone. The following table provides certain information relating to such stock option plan during the year ended May 31, 2021:
Equity Compensation Plan Information
| (a) | (b) | (c) | ||||||||||
| Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) | |||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 200,000 | $ | 0.12 | -0- | ||||||||
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Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
As of May 31, 2021, Greystone had 28,361,201 shares of its common stock and 50,000 shares of its 2003 preferred stock outstanding. Each share of the 2003 preferred stock is convertible into approximately 66.67 shares of Greystone’s common stock.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the shares of Greystone’s common stock beneficially owned as of May 31, 2021, by (i) each person known by Greystone to own beneficially 5% or more of Greystone’s outstanding common stock, (ii) each of Greystone’s directors and named officers, and (iii) all of Greystone’s directors and named officers as a group:
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner | Shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned(1) | Percent of Class(2) | Shares of Senior Preferred Stock Beneficially Owned(3) | Percent of Class | Voting Shares Beneficially Owned(4) | Percent of Total Voting Power | ||||||||||||||||||
| Warren F. Kruger Chairman, President and CEO 1613 East 15th Street Tulsa, OK 74120 | 10,523,521 | (5) | 34.76 | % | 25,000 | 50.00 | % | 10,273,521 | 32.41 | % | ||||||||||||||
| William W. Rahhal Chief Financial Officer 1613 East 15th Street Tulsa, OK 74120 | 307,883 | (6) | 1.09 | % | -0- | -0- | 307,883 | 0.97 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Robert B. Rosene, Jr. Director 1323 E. 71st Street, Suite 300 Tulsa, OK 74136 | 5,135,717 | (7) | 16.96 | % | 25,000 | 50.00 | % | 4,885,717 | 15.42 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Larry J. LeBarre Director 7518 Middlewood Street Houston, TX 77063 | 520,093 | (8) | 1.83 | % | -0- | -0- | 520,093 | 1.64 | % | |||||||||||||||
Topline Capital Partners, LLC 2913 3rd Street, Unit 201 Santa Monica, CA 90405
| 2,833,926 | (9) | 9.99 | % | -0- | -0- | 2,833,396 | 8.94 | % | |||||||||||||||
| All Directors & Officers as a Group (4 persons) | 16,487,215 | (10) | 51.21 | % | 50,000 | 100.00 | % | 15,987,215 | 50.44 | % | ||||||||||||||
| (1) | The number of shares beneficially owned by each holder is calculated in accordance with the rules of the Commission, which provide that each holder shall be deemed to be a beneficial owner of a security if that holder has the right to acquire beneficial ownership of the security within 60 days through options, warrants or the conversion of another security; provided, however, if such holder acquires any such rights in connection with or as a participant in any transaction with the effect of changing or influencing control of the issuer, then immediately upon such acquisition, the holder will be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the securities. The number the shares of common stock beneficially owned by each holder includes common stock directly owned by such holder and the number of shares of common stock such holder has the right to acquire upon the conversion of the Senior Preferred Stock and/or upon the exercise of certain options or warrants. | |
| (2) | The percentage ownership for each holder is calculated in accordance with the rules of the Commission, which provide that any shares a holder is deemed to beneficially own by virtue of having a right to acquire shares upon the conversion of warrants, options or other rights, or upon the conversion of preferred stock or other rights are considered outstanding solely for purposes of calculating such holder’s percentage ownership. | |
| (3) | Each share of Senior Preferred Stock is convertible into approximately 66 2/3 shares of Greystone’s common stock. Therefore, Mr. Kruger’s 25,000 shares of Senior Preferred Stock are convertible into 1,666,666.66 shares of our common stock and Mr. Rosene’s 25,000 shares of Senior Preferred Stock are convertible into 1,666,666.66 shares of our common stock. | |
| (4) | Total “Voting Shares” is defined as the number of shares of common stock outstanding, each share of which receives one vote, plus the 3,333,333.32 votes afforded to the holders of our Senior Preferred Stock, or 31,694,534.32 Voting Shares total. The number of Voting Shares reported by each reporting person above represents the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by such reporting person plus the number of votes afforded to such reporting person as a holder of shares of Senior Preferred Stock, as applicable. |
| 20 |
| (5) | The total includes: (i) 8,587,855 shares of common stock beneficially owned directly by Mr. Kruger; (ii) 19,000 shares held of record by Yorktown; (iii) 250,000 shares of common stock that Mr. Kruger may acquire through the exercise of a warrant; and (iv) 1,666,666.67 shares that Mr. Kruger has the right to acquire upon conversion of the Senior Preferred Stock. | |
| (6) | The total includes: (i) 255,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned directly by Mr. Rahhal; and (ii) 52,883 shares of common stock which Mr. Rahhal owns as a joint tenant. | |
| (7) | The total includes: (i) 3,219,051 shares of common stock beneficially owned directly by Mr. Rosene; 250,000 shares of common stock that Mr. Rosene may acquire through the exercise of a warrant; and (ii) 1,666,666.67 shares that Mr. Rosene has the right to acquire upon conversion of the Senior Preferred Stock. | |
| (8) | The total includes 520,093 shares of common stock beneficially owned directly by Mr. LeBarre. | |
| (9) | This total includes 2,833,926 shares of common stock beneficially owned direct by Topline Capital Partners, LLC. | |
| (10) | The director and officer group includes each reporting person in the above table other than Mr. Pritchard and Topline Capital Partners, LLC. The total includes: (i) 12,653,882 shares of common stock; (ii) 250,000 shares of common stock that Mr. Kruger has the right to acquire by exercising a warrant; (iii) 250,000 shares of common stock that Mr. Rosene has the right to acquire by exercising a warrant; (v) 1,666,666.67 shares of common stock that Mr. Kruger has the right to acquire upon conversion of the Senior Preferred Stock; and (vi) 1,666,666.67 shares of common stock that Mr. Rosene has the right to acquire upon conversion of the Senior Preferred. |
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Transactions with Related Persons
General
For information regarding loans from Warren Kruger, see “Transactions with Warren Kruger and Related Entities” under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of this Form10-K.
For information regarding an advance from Robert Rosene, see “Transactions with Robert B. Rosene, Jr.” under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of this Form10-K.
For information regarding the loan from IBC and Messrs. Kruger’s and Rosene’s relationship thereto, see “Loan from International Bank of Commerce (“IBC”) in Item 7 of this Form 10-K.
Transactions with TriEnda Holdings, L.L.C.
TriEnda Holdings, L.L.C. (“TriEnda”) is a manufacturer of plastic pallets, protective packaging and dunnage utilizing thermoform processing. Warren F. Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO, is the non-executive chairman of the board of directors of Kruger Family Holdings, LLC (“KBH”), which owns a majority interest in TriEnda. Greystone may purchase pallets from TriEnda for resale or sell Greystone pallets to TriEnda. During fiscal year 2021 and 2020, Greystone purchases from TriEnda totaled $143,589 and $9,620, respectively and sales to TriEnda totaled $123,166 and $6,758, respectively. As of May 31, 2021, TriEnda’s account payable to Greystone totaled $38,035.
Transactions with Green Plastic Pallets
Green Plastic Pallets (“Green”) is an entity owned by James Kruger, a brother to Warren Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO. Green purchased pallets from Greystone totaling $544,636 and $506,501 in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of May 31, 2021, the amount that Green owed to Greystone was $115,515.
| 21 |
Other Transactions
Greystone leases two buildings located in Bettendorf, Iowa, from which it conducts its manufacturing operations, from Greystone Real Estate, L.L.C., a variable interest entity which is owned by Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a member of Greystone’s board of director, and Warren Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO and a member of Greystone’s Board of Directors. Rental payments are $42,381 per month for both buildings.
Director Independence
Greystone has determined that Messrs. LeBarre and Rosene are “independent” within the meaning of Rule 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ listing standards. Because of the small size of Greystone’s Board of Directors, it has not established any committees. Rather, the entire Board acts as, and performs the same functions as, the audit committee, compensation committee and nominating committee. Mr. Kruger is not considered “independent” within the meaning of Rule 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ listing standards.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
The following is a summary of the fees billed to Greystone by HoganTaylor LLP, Greystone’s independent registered public accounting firm, for professional services rendered for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020:
| Fee Category | Fiscal 2021 Fees | Fiscal 2020 Fees | ||||||
| Audit Fees(1) | $ | 171,000 | $ | 166,000 | ||||
| Audit-Related Fees | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Tax Fees | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| All Other Fees | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Total Fees | $ | 171,000 | $ | 166,000 | ||||
| (1) | Audit Fees consist of aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of Greystone’s annual consolidated financial statements and review of the interim consolidated financial statements included in quarterly reports or services that are normally provided by the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements during the fiscal years ended May 31, 2021 and May 31, 2020, respectively. |
The entire Board of Directors of Greystone is responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of the independent registered public accounting firm and approves in advance any services to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm, whether audit-related or not. The entire Board of Directors reviews each proposed engagement to determine whether the provision of services is compatible with maintaining the independence of the independent registered public accounting firm. All of the fees shown above were pre-approved by the entire Board of Directors.
| Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules. | |
| (a) | (1) | Consolidated Financial Statements |
| The financial statements required under this item are included in Item 8 of Part II. | ||
| (2) | Schedules | |
| None. |
| 22 |
| (3) | Exhibits |
** Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this report.
| 23 |
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| GREYSTONE LOGISTICS, INC. | ||
| (Registrant) | ||
| Date: August 20, 2021 | /s/ Warren F. Kruger | |
| Warren F. Kruger | ||
| Director, President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Date: August 20, 2021 | /s/ Warren F. Kruger | |
| Warren F. Kruger | ||
| Director, President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| Date: August 20, 2021 | /s/ Robert B. Rosene, Jr. | |
| Robert B. Rosene, Jr., Director | ||
| Date: August 20, 2021 | /s/ Larry J. LeBarre | |
| Larry J. LeBarre, Director | ||
| Date: August 20, 2021 | /s/ William W. Rahhal | |
| William W. Rahhal, Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
| 24 |
Index to Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF GREYSTONE LOGISTICS, INC.
| F-1 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Greystone Logistics, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Greystone Logistics, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the Company) as of May 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of May 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purposes of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the board of directors and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Income Taxes
As discussed in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, management conducted a reassessment of Greystone’s ability to utilize its deferred tax assets. As of May 31, 2021, the Company had a valuation allowance of $1,601,134 recorded against its deferred tax assets.
We identified the evaluation of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance as a critical audit matter due to the high degree of subjectivity in evaluating all available positive and negative evidence to determine whether a valuation allowance for the deferred tax assets is needed. The evaluation included internally developed operating projections for which there was limited observable market information, and those operating projections were sensitive to possible changes to these key assumptions:
| ● | Forecasted revenues attributable to existing customers. | |
| ● | Gross profit margin on those forecasted revenues. | |
| ● | Forecasted annual earnings before income taxes. |
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the following:
We performed sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of reasonable possible changes to forecasted revenues, gross profit, and taxable income. We evaluated the forecasted revenue by comparing the projections to the existing operations, and overall operational capacity of the Company. In connection with our assessment of the forecasts used in the valuation, we compared the forecasts to historical actual results, and further historical forecasts compared to historical actual results. With the assistance of our tax specialists, we evaluated the reasonability of the valuation allowance on the Company’s deferred tax assets with respect to the recoverability and utilization of net operating losses. We also tested the underlying source information and the mathematical accuracy of the calculations.
/s/ HoganTaylor LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2007.
Tulsa, Oklahoma
August 20, 2021
| F-2 |
Greystone Logistics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
| May 31, | ||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | 4,387,533 | $ | 1,131,850 | ||||
| Accounts receivable - | ||||||||
| Trade | 4,586,134 | 6,670,771 | ||||||
| Related parties | 153,550 | 94,351 | ||||||
| Inventory | 3,441,974 | 4,229,895 | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses | 52,315 | 7,488 | ||||||
| Total Current Assets | 12,621,506 | 12,134,355 | ||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment, net | 30,998,988 | 34,142,407 | ||||||
| Right-of-use Operating Lease Assets | 109,013 | 181,525 | ||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 43,729,507 | $ | 46,458,287 | ||||
| Liabilities and Equity | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt | $ | 3,236,113 | $ | 4,416,377 | ||||
| Current portion of financing leases | 1,745,535 | 1,838,251 | ||||||
| Current portion of operating leases | 56,443 | 74,024 | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 3,754,556 | 4,929,234 | ||||||
| Deferred revenue | 6,430,607 | 3,793,167 | ||||||
| Preferred dividends payable | - | 84,110 | ||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | 15,223,254 | 15,135,163 | ||||||
| Long-Term Debt, net of current portion and debt issue costs | 12,971,529 | 18,329,633 | ||||||
| Financing Leases, net of current portion | 1,848,472 | 3,617,405 | ||||||
| Operating Leases, net of current portion | 52,570 | 107,501 | ||||||
| Deferred Tax Liability | 2,380,642 | 1,109,052 | ||||||
| Equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, cumulative, 20,750,000 shares authorized, 50,000 shares issued and outstanding, liquidation preference of $5,000,000 | 5 | 5 | ||||||
| Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,000,000,000 shares authorized, 28,361,201 shares issued and outstanding | 2,836 | 2,836 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 53,790,764 | 53,790,764 | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (43,776,927 | ) | (46,807,092 | ) | ||||
| Total Greystone Stockholders’ Equity | 10,016,678 | 6,986,513 | ||||||
| Non-controlling interest | 1,236,362 | 1,173,020 | ||||||
| Total Equity | 11,253,040 | 8,159,533 | ||||||
| Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 43,729,507 | $ | 46,458,287 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| F-3 |
Greystone Logistics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
| For the Year Ended May 31, | ||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Sales | $ | 64,925,059 | $ | 76,204,608 | ||||
| Cost of Sales | 53,468,239 | 64,721,749 | ||||||
| Gross Profit | 11,456,820 | 11,482,859 | ||||||
| Selling, General and Administrative Expenses | 5,202,231 | 4,623,618 | ||||||
| Operating Income | 6,254,589 | 6,859,241 | ||||||
| Other Income (Expense): | ||||||||
| Other income | 29,326 | 17,680 | ||||||
| Interest expense | (1,177,799 | ) | (1,705,351 | ) | ||||
| Income before Income Taxes | 5,106,116 | 5,171,570 | ||||||
| Provision for Income Taxes | 1,480,590 | 209,000 | ||||||
| Net Income | 3,625,526 | 4,962,570 | ||||||
| Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interest | (272,142 | ) | (262,149 | ) | ||||
| Preferred Dividends | (323,219 | ) | (398,836 | ) | ||||
| Net Income Attributable to Common Stockholders | $ | 3,030,165 | $ | 4,301,585 | ||||
| Income Per Share of Common Stock - | ||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.11 | $ | 0.15 | ||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.10 | $ | 0.15 | ||||
| Weighted Average Shares of Common Stock Outstanding - | ||||||||
| Basic | 28,361,201 | 28,361,201 | ||||||
| Diluted | 32,364,942 | 32,343,657 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| F-4 |
Greystone Logistics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
| Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in | Accumulated | Total Greystone Stockholders’ | Non- controlling | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity | Interest | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, May 31, 2019 | 50,000 | $ | 5 | 28,361,201 | $ | 2,836 | $ | 53,790,764 | $ | (51,108,677 | ) | $ | 2,684,928 | $ | 1,126,271 | $ | 3,811,199 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash distributions | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (215,400 | ) | (215,400 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred dividends | - | - | - | - | - | (398,836 | ) | (398,836 | ) | - | (398,836 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | - | - | - | - | - | 4,700,421 | 4,700,421 | 262,149 | 4,962,570 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, May 31, 2020 | 50,000 | 5 | 28,361,201 | 2,836 | 53,790,764 | (46,807,092 | ) | 6,986,513 | 1,173,020 | 8,159,533 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash distributions | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (208,800 | ) | (208,800 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred dividends | - | - | - | - | - | (323,219 | ) | (323,219 | ) | - | (323,219 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | - | - | - | - | - | 3,353,384 | 3,353,384 | 272,142 | 3,625,526 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, May 31, 2021 | 50,000 | $ | 5 | 28,361,201 | $ | 2,836 | $ | 53,790,764 | $ | (43,776,927 | ) | $ | 10,016,678 | $ | 1,236,362 | $ | 11,253,040 | |||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| F-5 |
Greystone Logistics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
| For the Year Ended May 31, | ||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | 3,625,526 | $ | 4,962,570 | ||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities - | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 5,801,517 | 5,281,032 | ||||||
| Change in deferred taxes | 1,271,590 | 182,410 | ||||||
| Decrease (increase) in trade accounts receivable | 2,084,637 | (349,896 | ) | |||||
| Increase in related party receivable | (59,199 | ) | (44,031 | ) | ||||
| Decrease (increase) in inventory | 761,171 | (1,608,904 | ) | |||||
| Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses | (44,827 | ) | 231,658 | |||||
| Decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses | (895,226 | ) | (1,613,030 | ) | ||||
| Increase in deferred revenue | 2,637,440 | 1,592,100 | ||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 15,182,629 | 8,633,909 | ||||||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | ||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | (2,905,640 | ) | (6,284,934 | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from long-term debt | - | 5,402,954 | ||||||
| Proceeds from revolving loan | 2,935,000 | 3,630,000 | ||||||
| Payments on long-term debt and financing leases | (4,845,494 | ) | (6,090,062 | ) | ||||
| Payments on related party note payable and financing lease | (1,019,683 | ) | (474,747 | ) | ||||
| Payments on revolving loan | (5,475,000 | ) | (4,295,000 | ) | ||||
| Payments for debt issuance costs | - | (3,360 | ) | |||||
| Dividends paid on preferred stock | (407,329 | ) | (426,918 | ) | ||||
| Distributions paid by non-controlling interest | (208,800 | ) | (215,400 | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (9,021,306 | ) | (2,472,533 | ) | ||||
| Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash | 3,255,683 | (123,558 | ) | |||||
| Cash, beginning of year | 1,131,850 | 1,255,408 | ||||||
| Cash, end of year | $ | 4,387,533 | $ | 1,131,850 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| F-6 |
Greystone Logistics, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
May 31, 2021 and 2020
Note 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization
Greystone Logistics, Inc. (“Greystone”), through its two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Greystone Manufacturing, LLC (“GSM”) and Plastic Pallet Production, Inc. (“PPP”), is engaged in the manufacturing and marketing of plastic pallets and pelletized recycled plastic resin.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Greystone, its subsidiaries and entities required to be consolidated by the accounting guidance for variable interest entities (“VIE”). All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Greystone consolidates its VIE, Greystone Real Estate, L.L.C. (“GRE”), which owns the manufacturing facilities which are occupied by Greystone. GRE is owned by Warren F. Kruger, President and CEO, and Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a member of Greystone’s Board of Directors.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of Greystone’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires Greystone’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
Effective June 1, 2020, Greystone adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, which requires changes to the recognition of credit losses on financial instruments not accounted for at fair value including loans, debt securities, trade receivables among other things. The adoption of this policy did not have a material effect on Greystone’s consolidated financial statements.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts
Greystone records its accounts receivable at their face value less an allowance for credit losses in an amount sufficient to absorb losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio based on projected expected credit losses. Greystone evaluates its accounts receivable and establishes an allowance for uncollectible accounts based on a combination of specific customer circumstances, credit conditions and history of collections.
Inventory
Inventory consists of finished pallets and raw materials which are stated at the lower of average cost or net realizable value.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Greystone’s property, plant and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, as follows:
| Plant buildings | 39 years |
| Production machinery and equipment | 5-12 years |
| Leasehold improvements | 5-7 years |
| Furniture & fixtures | 3-5 years |
| F-7 |
Upon sale, retirement or other disposal, the related costs and accumulated depreciation of items of property, plant or equipment are removed from the related accounts and any gain or loss is recognized. When events or changes in circumstances indicate that long-lived assets may be impaired, an evaluation is performed comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset to the asset’s carrying amount. If the asset’s carrying amount exceeds the cash flows, a write-down to fair value is required.
Leases
Greystone recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements.
Greystone has operating and finance leases for facilities, office space and plant equipment. Operating leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) operating lease assets and finance lease ROU assets are included in property, plant and equipment, net in the consolidated balance sheet. The lease liabilities are included in operating leases and financing leases (current and non-current) in the consolidated balance sheet.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate is defined as the rate of interest that a lessee would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.
For finance leases, lease expenses are the sum of interest on the lease obligations and amortization of the ROU assets. Finance lease ROU assets are amortized based on the lesser of the lease term and the useful life of the leased asset according to the capital asset accounting policy. If ownership of the ROU assets transfers to the Greystone at the end of the lease term or if Greystone is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, amortization is calculated using the estimated useful life of the leased asset.
For operating leases, the lease expenses are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and recorded to general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.
In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 842, Greystone has made accounting policy elections (1) to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for lease arrangements with a term of twelve months or less and (2) to combine lease and non-lease components. The non-lease components are not material and do not result in significant timing differences in the recognition of lease expense. Short-term leases include real estate and vehicles and are not significant in comparison to the Greystone’s overall lease portfolio. For these leases, the Company recognizes the leases as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Debt Issuance Costs
The Company capitalizes debt issuance costs as incurred and amortizes such costs on a straight-line basis across the term of the debt. Debt issuance costs are fully amortized when the debt is repaid or refinanced.
Stock Options
The grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees is amortized on the straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award as compensation cost. The fair value of new option grants is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility, dividend yields and expected holding periods.
| F-8 |
Recognition of Revenues
Revenue is recognized at the point in time a good or service is transferred to a customer and the customer obtains control of that good or receives the service performed. Sales arrangements with customers are short-term in nature involving single performance obligations related to the delivery of goods and generally provide for transfer of control at the time of shipment. In limited circumstances, where acceptance of the goods is subject to approval by the customer, revenue is recognized upon approval by the customer unless, historically, there have been insignificant rejections of goods by the customer. Contract liabilities associated with sales arrangements primarily relate to deferred revenue on prepaid sales of goods. Greystone generally purchases damaged pallets from its customers which are reground and used in Greystone’s pallet production process; however, damaged pallet purchases are historically insignificant.
Income Taxes
Greystone accounts for income taxes under the liability method, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the consolidated financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities and tax loss carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year. In arriving at income available to common stockholders, income attributable to non-controlling interest and preferred stock dividends are deducted from net income for the year.
Basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock for the years ending May 31, are as follows:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Basic earnings per share of common stock: | ||||||||
| Numerator - | ||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 3,030,165 | $ | 4,301,585 | ||||
| Denominator - | ||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 28,361,201 | 28,361,201 | ||||||
| Income per share of common stock - Basic | $ | 0.11 | $ | 0.15 | ||||
| Diluted earnings per share of common stock: | ||||||||
| Numerator - | ||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 3,030,165 | $ | 4,301,585 | ||||
| Add: Preferred stock dividends due to assumed conversion | 323,219 | 398,836 | ||||||
| Net income allocated to common stockholders | $ | 3,353,384 | $ | 4,700,421 | ||||
| Denominator - | ||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding-basic | 28,361,201 | 28,361,201 | ||||||
| Incremental common shares from assumed conversion of warrants, options and preferred stock, as appropriate | 4,003,741 | 3,982,456 | ||||||
| Diluted weighted average common stock outstanding | 32,364,942 | 32,343,657 | ||||||
| Income per share of common stock - Diluted | $ | 0.10 | $ | 0.15 | ||||
| F-9 |
Note 2. INVENTORY
Inventory consists of the following as of May 31:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Raw materials | $ | 2,520,654 | $ | 1,953,957 | ||||
| Finished pallets | 921,320 | 2,275,938 | ||||||
| Total Inventory | $ | 3,441,974 | $ | 4,229,895 | ||||
Note 3. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
A summary of the property, plant and equipment for Greystone is as follows, as of May 31:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Production machinery and equipment | $ | 52,292,733 | $ | 51,637,883 | ||||
| Plant buildings and land | 6,970,949 | 6,881,326 | ||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 1,487,398 | 1,323,535 | ||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | 550,337 | 601,586 | ||||||
| Total property, plant and equipment | 61,301,417 | 60,444,330 | ||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | (30,302,429 | ) | (26,301,923 | ) | ||||
| Net Property, Plant and Equipment | $ | 30,998,988 | $ | 34,142,407 | ||||
Property, plant and equipment includes production equipment with a carrying value of $426,343 which had not been placed into service as of May 31, 2021.
Two plant buildings and land located in Bettendorf, Iowa are owned by GRE, a variable interest entity, and had a net book value of $2,664,805 at May 31, 2021.
Depreciation expense for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, was $5,796,357 and $5,275,872, respectively.
| F-10 |
Note 4. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consists of the following as of May 31, 2021 and 2020:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Term loan A payable to International Bank of Commerce, prime rate of interest plus 0.5% but not less than 4.0%, maturing April 30, 2023 | $ | 1,623,572 | $ | 2,459,854 | ||||
| Term loan C payable to International Bank of Commerce, prime rate of interest plus 0.5% but not less than 4.0%, maturing August 4, 2024 | 905,822 | 1,165,774 | ||||||
| Term loan D payable to International Bank of Commerce, prime rate of interest plus 0.5% but not less than 4.75%, maturing January 10, 2022 | 487,390 | 1,136,455 | ||||||
| Term loan E payable to International Bank of Commerce, prime rate of interest plus 0.5% but not less than 4.75%, maturing February 28, 2023 | 447,551 | 696,174 | ||||||
| Term loan F payable to International Bank of Commerce, prime rate of interest plus 0.5% but not less than 5.25%, maturing February 29, 2024 | 2,035,670 | 2,752,293 | ||||||
| Term loan G payable to International Bank of Commerce, prime rate of interest plus 0.5% but not less than 5.25%, maturing April 30, 2024 | 789,926 | 837,811 | ||||||
| Revolving loan payable to International Bank of Commerce, prime rate of interest plus 0.5% but not less than 4.50%, due January 31, 2023 | - | 2,540,000 | ||||||
| Term loan payable by GRE to International Bank of Commerce, interest rate of 5.5%, monthly principal and interest payments of $27,688, due April 30, 2023 | 2,049,941 | 2,261,425 | ||||||
| Term note payable to Great Western Bank, interest rate of 3.7%, monthly principal and interest payments of $27,593, due March 19, 2025, secured by certain equipment | 1,180,470 | 1,461,726 | ||||||
| Paycheck Protection Program note, principal and interest forgiven as of June 11, 2021 | 3,034,000 | 3,034,000 | ||||||
| Note payable to Robert Rosene, 7.5% interest, due January 15, 2023 | 3,536,112 | 4,253,228 | ||||||
| Other | 147,914 | 183,156 | ||||||
| Face value of long-term debt | 16,238,368 | 22,781,896 | ||||||
| Less: Debt issuance costs, net of amortization | (30,726 | ) | (35,886 | ) | ||||
| 16,207,642 | 22,746,010 | |||||||
| Less: Current portion of long-term debt | (3,236,113 | ) | (4,416,377 | ) | ||||
| Long-term debt | $ | 12,971,529 | $ | 18,329,633 | ||||
The prime rate of interest as of May 31, 2021 was 3.25%.
Debt Issuance Costs consists of the amounts paid to third parties in connection with the issuance and modification of debt instruments. These costs are shown on the consolidated balance sheet as a direct reduction to the related debt instrument. Amortization of these costs is included in interest expense. Greystone recorded amortization of debt issuance costs of $5,160 for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020.
| F-11 |
Loan Agreement between Greystone and International Bank of Commerce (“IBC”)
On January 31, 2014, Greystone and GSM (the “Borrowers”) and International Bank of Commerce (“IBC”) entered into a Loan Agreement (the “IBC Loan Agreement”). The IBC Loan Agreement, as amended, provides for certain term loans and a revolver loan.
The IBC term loans make equal monthly payments of principal and interest in such amounts sufficient to amortize the principal balance of the loans over the remaining lives. The monthly payments of principal and interest on the IBC term loans vary as a result of changes in the prime rate of interest. Currently, the aggregate payments for the IBC term loans is approximately $258,000 per month.
The IBC Loan Agreement, as amended, provides a revolving loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $4,000,000 (the “Revolving Loan”). The exact amount which can be borrowed under the Revolving Loan from time to time is dependent upon the amount of the borrowing base but in no event can exceed $4,000,000. The Revolving Loan bears interest at greater of the prime rate of interest plus 0.5%, or 4.5% and matures January 31, 2023. The Borrowers are required to pay all interest accrued on the outstanding principal balance of the Revolving Loan on a monthly basis. Any principal on the Revolving Loan that is repaid by the Borrowers does not reduce the original amount available to the Borrowers. Under these limitations, Greystone’s available revolving loan borrowing capacity was $4,000,000 at May 31, 2021.
The IBC Loan Agreement includes customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants which include (i) requiring the Borrowers to maintain a debt service coverage ratio of 1:25 to 1:00 and a funded debt to EBIDA ratio not exceeding 3:00 to 1:00, (ii) subject to certain exceptions, limiting the Borrowers’ combined capital expenditures on fixed assets to $1,500,000 per year, (iii) prohibiting Greystone, without IBC’s prior written consent, from declaring or paying any dividends, redemptions of stock or membership interests, distributions and withdrawals (as applicable) in respect of its capital stock or any other equity interest, other than additional payments to holders of its preferred stock in an amount not to exceed $500,000 in any fiscal year, (iv) subject to certain exceptions, prohibiting the incurrence of additional indebtedness by the Borrowers, and (v) requiring the Borrowers to prevent (A) any change in capital ownership such that there is a material change in the direct or indirect ownership of (1) Greystone’s outstanding preferred stock, and (2) any equity interest in GSM, or (B) Warren Kruger from ceasing to be actively involved in the management of Greystone as President and/or Chief Executive Officer. The foregoing list of covenants is not exhaustive and there are several other covenants contained in the IBC Loan Agreement.
The IBC Loan Agreement includes customary events of default, including events of default relating to non-payment of principal and other amounts owing under the IBC Loan Agreement from time to time, inaccuracy of representations, violation of covenants, defaults under other agreements, bankruptcy and similar events, the death of a guarantor, certain material adverse changes relating to a Borrower or guarantor, certain judgments or awards against a Borrower, or government action affecting a Borrower’s or guarantor’s ability to perform under the IBC Loan Agreement or the related loan documents. Among other things, a default under the IBC Loan Agreement would permit IBC to cease lending funds under the IBC Loan Agreement and require immediate repayment of any outstanding loans with interest and any unpaid accrued fees.
The IBC Loan Agreement is secured by a lien on substantially all of the assets of the Borrowers. In addition, the IBC Loan Agreement is secured by a mortgage granted by GRE on the real property owned by GRE in Bettendorf, Iowa (the “Mortgage”). GRE is owned by Warren F. Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO, and Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a director of Greystone. Messrs. Kruger and Rosene provided a combined limited guaranty as of January 31, 2014, of the Borrowers’ obligations under the IBC Loan Agreement, with such guaranty being limited to a combined amount of $6,500,000 (the “Guaranty”). The Guaranty was amended and restated as of January 7, 2016, to provide that the maximum aggregate guaranty will be limited to $3,500,000 if Greystone maintains a Debt Coverage Ratio of at least 1.35:1.00 for a period of six consecutive quarters. Greystone has notified IBC that the conditions of the amended and restated Debt Service Coverage Ratio have been maintained for the six consecutive quarters ending May 31, 2021. The Mortgage and the Guaranty also secure or guaranty, as applicable, the obligations of GRE under the Loan Agreement between GRE and IBC dated January 31, 2014 as discussed in the following paragraph.
| F-12 |
Paycheck Protection Program Loan (“PPP Loan”)
On April 10, 2020, the Company received a SBA Payroll Protection Program (“PPP Loan”) pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), with IBC for $3,034,000. On June 11, 2021, Greystone received notification from IBC that the principal and interest on the PPP Loan had been forgiven.
Loan Agreement between GRE and IBC
On January 31, 2014, GRE and IBC entered into a Loan Agreement, as amended, providing for a mortgage loan to GRE of $3,412,500. The loan provides for a 5.5% interest rate and a maturity of April 30, 2023 and is secured by a mortgage on the two buildings in Bettendorf, Iowa which are leased to Greystone.
Note Payable between Greystone and Robert B. Rosene, Jr.
Effective December 15, 2005, Greystone entered into an agreement with Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a member of Greystone’s Board of Directors, to convert $2,066,000 of advances into a note payable at 7.5% interest.
Effective June 1, 2016, the note payable with Mr. Rosene was restated (the “Restated Note”) to aggregate the accrued interest with the outstanding principal resulting in a combined note payable in the principal amount of $4,541,690 with an interest rate of 7.5% and a maturity of January 15, 2019, subsequently amended to January 15, 2023. The Restated Note requires the payment of accrued interest to Mr. Rosene. In addition, the Restated Note allows Greystone to make additional payments, at Greystone’s discretion, up to an amount allowed by the IBC Loan Agreement.
Maturities
Maturities of Greystone’s long-term debt, excluding the PPP Loan in the amount of $3,034,000 which was forgiven by letter dated June 11, 2021, for the five years after May 31, 2021 are $3,236,113, $7,761,154, $1,842,044 and $365,057.
Note 5. LEASES
Financing Leases
Financing leases consist of the following as of May 31:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Non-cancelable financing leases | $ | 3,594,007 | $ | 5,455,656 | ||||
| Less: Current portion of financing leases | (1,745,535 | ) | (1,838,251 | ) | ||||
| Non-cancelable financing leases, net of current portion | $ | 1,848,472 | $ | 3,617,405 | ||||
| F-13 |
Greystone and an unrelated private company entered into three separate lease agreements which have an effective interest rate of 7.4% and a term of five years. The leased equipment was placed into production during February 2018, August 2018 and December 2018, at a total cost of approximately $6.9 million. The lease agreements include bargain purchase options to acquire the production equipment at the end of the leases’ term. The leased equipment is used to manufacture pallets to sell to the private company. Rental payments are made as a credit on every sales invoice of pallets produced on the respective leased equipment at the rate of $3.32 per pallet. The aggregate monthly rental is estimated to be approximately $142,000. The agreements provide for minimum monthly lease rental payments based upon the total pallets sold in excess of a specified amount not to exceed the monthly productive capacity of the leased machines.
Yorktown and Greystone entered into a sale and leaseback agreement effective December 28, 2018, whereby Yorktown purchased certain production equipment from Greystone at its net book value of $968,168 and entered into a four-year lease agreement with Greystone at a monthly rent of $27,915 for the initial thirty-six months and $7,695 for the remaining twelve months. The lease agreement provides for a purchase option of $10,000 at the end of the lease on December 31, 2022.
The production equipment under the non-cancelable financing leases at May 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Production equipment under financing leases | $ | 8,473,357 | $ | 8,473,357 | ||||
| Less: Accumulated amortization | (2,534,688 | ) | (1,521,818 | ) | ||||
| Production equipment under financing leases, net | $ | 5,938,669 | $ | 6,951,539 | ||||
Amortization of the carrying amount of the assets was $1,012,870 and $906,909 for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The amortization was included in depreciation expense.
Operating Leases
Greystone recognizes a lease liability for each lease based on the present value of remaining minimum fixed rental payments, using a discount rate that approximates the rate of interest for a collateralized loan over a similar term. A right-of-use asset is recognized for each lease, valued at the lease liability. Minimum fixed rental payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease as costs and expenses on the consolidated statement of income. Variable and short-term rental payments are recognized as costs and expenses as they are incurred.
Greystone has three non-cancellable operating leases for (i) equipment with a fifty-two month term and a forty-eight month term and a discount rate of 5.40% and (ii) office space on a ninety-month term and a discount rate of 5.0%. The leases are single-term with constant monthly rental rates.
The outstanding liability for right to use assets under operating leases as of May 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Liability under operating leases | $ | 109,013 | $ | 181,525 | ||||
| Less: Current portion | (56,443 | ) | (74,024 | ) | ||||
| Long-term portion of liability under operating leases | $ | 52,570 | $ | 107,051 | ||||
| F-14 |
Lease Summary Information
For the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, a summary of lease activity follows:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Lease Expense | ||||||||
| Financing lease expense - | ||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | $ | 1,012,870 | $ | 906,909 | ||||
| Interest on lease liabilities | 267,729 | 435,593 | ||||||
| Operating lease expense | 77,284 | 80,590 | ||||||
| Short-term lease expense | 1,481,270 | 1,595,311 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 2,839,153 | $ | 3,018,403 | ||||
| Other Information | ||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for finance leases - | ||||||||
| Operating cash flows | $ | 267,729 | $ | 435,593 | ||||
| Financing cash flows | $ | 1,861,650 | $ | 1,911,287 | ||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for operating leases - | ||||||||
| Operating cash flows | $ | 77,284 | $ | 80,590 | ||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities - | ||||||||
| Financing leases | $ | - | $ | 612,124 | ||||
| Operating leases | $ | - | $ | 67,750 | ||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) - | ||||||||
| Financing leases | 2.0 | 3.0 | ||||||
| Operating leases | 2.1 | 2.8 | ||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate - | ||||||||
| Financing leases | 7.4 | % | 7.4 | % | ||||
| Operating leases | 5.3 | % | 5.2 | % | ||||
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating and financing leases as of May 31, 2021, are approximately:
Operating Leases | Financing Leases | |||||||
| Year ended May 31, 2021 | $ | 61,881 | $ | 1,948,534 | ||||
| Year ended May 31, 2022 | 33,881 | 1,666,035 | ||||||
| Year ended May 31, 2023 | 19,018 | 253,192 | ||||||
| Year ended May 31, 2024 | 1,990 | 12,304 | ||||||
| Total lease payments | 116,770 | 3,880,065 | ||||||
| Less: Imputed interest | (7,757 | ) | (286,058 | ) | ||||
| Present value of minimum lease payments | $ | 109,013 | $ | 3,594,007 | ||||
Note 6. REVENUE
Greystone’s principal product is plastic pallets produced from recycled plastic resin. Sales are primarily to customers in the continental United States of America. International sales are made to customers in Canada and Mexico which totaled $594,745 and $2,323,650 in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively.
| F-15 |
Greystone’s customers include stocking and non-stocking distributors and direct sales to end-user customers. Sales to the following categories of customers for the fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively, were as follows:
| Category | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||
| Major customers (end users) | 83 | % | 87 | % | ||||
| Distributors | 17 | % | 13 | % | ||||
Advances from a customer pursuant to a contract for the sale of plastics pallets is recognized as deferred revenue. Revenue is recognized by Greystone as pallets are shipped to the customer. Customer advances totaled $8,334,755 and $5,980,920 in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively. The unrecognized balance of deferred revenue as of May 31, 2021 and 2020, was $6,430,607 and $3,793,167, respectively. The Company recognized $5,697,315 and $4,388,820 into revenue during the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Note 7. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Transactions with Warren F. Kruger, Chairman
Yorktown Management & Financial Services, LLC (“Yorktown”), an entity wholly owned by Greystone’s CEO and President, owns and rents to Greystone (1) grinding equipment used to grind raw materials for Greystone’s pallet production and (2) extruders for pelletizing recycled plastic into pellets for resale and for use as raw material for manufacturing pallets. Greystone compensates Yorktown for the use of equipment as discussed below.
Rental fees. GSM pays weekly rental fees of $27,500 to Yorktown for grinding equipment and pelletizing equipment. Total rental fees of $1,430,000 were paid in both fiscal years 2021 and 2020.
Yorktown provides administrative office space for Greystone in Tulsa, Oklahoma under a five-year lease at a monthly rental of $4,000 per month. Total rent expense was $48,000 each in fiscal years 2021 and 2020. At May 31, 2021, future minimum payments under the non-cancelable operating lease are $28,000 in fiscal year 2022.
Transactions with TriEnda Holdings, L.L.C.
TriEnda Holdings, L.L.C. (“TriEnda”) is a manufacturer of plastic pallets, protective packaging and dunnage utilizing thermoform processing of which Warren F. Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO, is the non-executive chairman of the board of directors of Kruger Family Holdings, LLC (“KFH”), which owns a majority interest in TriEnda. Greystone may purchase pallets from TriEnda for resale or sell Greystone pallets to TriEnda. During fiscal year 2021 and 2020, Greystone purchases from TriEnda totaled $143,589 and $9,620, respectively and sales to TriEnda totaled $123,166 and $6,758, respectively. As of May 31, 2021, TriEnda owed $38,035 to Greystone.
Transactions with Green Plastic Pallets
Green Plastic Pallets (“Green”) is an entity owned by James Kruger, a brother to Warren Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO. Green purchased pallets from Greystone totaling $544,636 and $506,501 in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of May 31, 2021, Green owed $115,515 to Greystone.
| F-16 |
Note 8. INCOME TAXES
Deferred taxes as of May 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Deferred tax asset: | ||||||||
| Net operating loss carryforward | $ | 2,487,650 | $ | 3,355,844 | ||||
| Accrued expenses | - | 35,445 | ||||||
| Inventory | 7,620 | 91,440 | ||||||
| Total deferred tax asset | 2,495,270 | 3,482,729 | ||||||
| Deferred tax liability: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization, tax reporting in excess of financial | (3,274,778 | ) | (2,990,647 | ) | ||||
| Valuation allowance | (1,601,134 | ) | (1,601,134 | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax liability | $ | (2,380,642 | ) | $ | (1,109,052 | ) | ||
A deferred tax asset is recognized for tax-deductible temporary differences and operating losses using the applicable enacted tax rate. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers the likelihood of whether it is more likely than not the net deferred tax asset will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which net operating losses and the reversal of timing differences may offset taxable income. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Future realization of deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in carryforward periods under the tax law. Based on this evaluation, management has determined that Greystone will not be able to realize the full effect of the deferred tax assets and a valuation allowance of $1,601,134 has been recorded as of May 31, 2021 and 2020. The NOLs that are anticipated to be utilized during the available years total $4,221,505.
The net change in deferred taxes for the year ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Valuation allowance | $ | - | $ | 1,377,377 | ||||
| Net operating loss carryforward | (868,195 | ) | (1,451,772 | ) | ||||
| Depreciation and amortization, tax reporting | ||||||||
| in excess of financial | (284,131 | ) | (113,074 | ) | ||||
| Accrued expenses | (35,445 | ) | (52,853 | ) | ||||
| Inventory | (83,820 | ) | 57,912 | |||||
| Net change | $ | (1,271,591 | ) | $ | (182,410 | ) | ||
The provision for income taxes as of May 31, 2021 and 2020 consists of the following:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Current income tax - state | $ | 208,999 | $ | 26,590 | ||||
| Deferred income taxes | 1,271,591 | 182,410 | ||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 1,480,590 | $ | 209,000 | ||||
| F-17 |
Greystone’s provision for income taxes for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Tax provision using statutory rates | 21 | % | 21 | % | ||||
| State income taxes | 9 | 10 | ||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | - | (26 | ) | |||||
| VIE income passed to members | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||
| Tax provision per financial statements | 29 | % | 4 | % | ||||
As of May 31, 2021, Greystone had net operating losses (NOLs) for Federal income tax purposes totaling $11,845,952, as follows:
| NOL Carryforward | Year Expiring | |||||||
| Year ended May 31, 2003 | 3,526,144 | 2023 | ||||||
| Year ended May 31, 2004 | 1,632,774 | 2024 | ||||||
| Year ended May 31, 2005 | 4,215,217 | 2025 | ||||||
| Year ended May 31, 2006 | 275 294 | 2026 | ||||||
| Year ended May 31, 2007 | 67,667 | 2027 | ||||||
| Year ended May 31, 2011 | 746,484 | 2031 | ||||||
| Year ended May 31, 2015 | 321,625 | 2035 | ||||||
| Year ended May 31, 2016 | 1,060,747 | 2036 | ||||||
Note 9. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Convertible Preferred Stock
In September 2003, Greystone issued 50,000 shares of Series 2003, cumulative, convertible preferred stock, par value $0.0001, for a total purchase price of $5,000,000. Each share of the preferred stock has a stated value of $100 and a dividend rate equal to the prime rate of interest plus 3.25% (6.5% at May 31, 2021) and may be converted into common stock at the conversion rate of $1.50 per share or an aggregate of 3,333,333 shares of common stock. The holder of the preferred stock has been granted certain voting rights so that such holder has the right to elect a majority of the Board of Directors of Greystone. Preferred stock dividends must be fully paid before a dividend on the common stock may be paid.
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
Effective September 1, 2016, Greystone’s Board of Directors authorized the issuance of warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of Greystone’s common stock for $0.01 per share to each of Warren F. Kruger, President and CEO, and Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a member of Greystone’s Board of Directors, as compensation for providing guarantees on Greystone’s debt with IBC. The warrants are vested and expire January 10, 2027.
| F-18 |
Note 10. STOCK OPTIONS
Greystone has a stock option plan that provides for the granting of options to key employees and non-employee directors. The options are to purchase common stock at not less than fair market value at the date of the grant. Stock options generally expire in ten years from the date of grant or upon termination of employment and are generally exercisable one year from date of grant in cumulative annual installments of 25%. There was no option activity during the two years ended May 31, 2021. Outstanding options are as follows:
| Number | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Remaining Contractual Life (years) | Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||
| Total outstanding May 31, 2019 | 200,000 | $ | 0.12 | |||||||||||||
| Total outstanding May 31, 2020 | 200,000 | $ | 0.12 | |||||||||||||
| Total outstanding May 31, 2021 | 200,000 | $ | 0.12 | 1.0 | ||||||||||||
| Exercisable as of May 31, 2021 | 200,000 | $ | 0.12 | 1.0 | $ | 228,000 | ||||||||||
| Non-vested as of May 31, 2021 | -0- | |||||||||||||||
Note 11. RETIREMENT PLAN
Greystone implemented a defined contribution and profit-sharing plan effective January 1, 2019. The defined contribution plan is a IRC Section 401(K) plan. Greystone matches employee contributions up to 6% of employee contributions with a maximum employer contribution of 4% based on 100% of the first 3% and 50% of the next 2%. The employee is 100% vested for employer contributions to the 401(K) plan. Greystone’s contributions to the 401(K) plan totaled $330,682 and $275,677 in the fiscal years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The profit-sharing plan is an employer nonelective plan. Greystone’s contributions are discretionary. Vesting is earned ratably over a five-year period. Greystone has not authorized or made any discretionary contributions since inception.
Note 12. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following methods and assumptions are used in estimating the fair-value disclosures for financial instruments:
Cash, Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable: The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.
Long-Term Debt: The carrying amount of loans with floating rates of interest approximate fair value. Fixed rate loans are valued based on cash flows using estimated rates for comparable loans. As of May 31, 2021 and 2020, the carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheet approximate fair value for the variable and fixed rate loans.
Note 13. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION OF CASH FLOWS
Supplemental information of cash flows for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020:
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||
| Acquisition of equipment through financing leases | $ | - | $ | 612,124 | ||||
| Acquisition of equipment in accounts payable | $ | 15,656 | $ | 295,108 | ||||
| Equipment reclassified from inventory | $ | 26,750 | $ | - | ||||
| Preferred dividend accrual | $ | - | $ | 84,110 | ||||
| Supplemental information: | ||||||||
| Interest paid | $ | 1,176,412 | $ | 1,696,444 | ||||
| Income taxes paid | $ | 178,280 | $ | - | ||||
| F-19 |
Note 14. CONCENTRATIONS, RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
For the fiscal years 2021 and 2020, Greystone had four customers that accounted for approximately 83% and 87% of total sales, respectively.
Greystone purchases damaged pallets from its customers at a price based on the value of the raw material content of the pallet. A majority of these purchases is from one of Greystone’s major customers which totaled approximately $753,000 and $1,768,000 in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively.
COVID-19 Risks. The impact of COVID-19 has created much uncertainty in the marketplace. To date, the demand for Greystone’s products has not been affected as Greystone’s pallets are generally used logistically by essential entities. The major issue for Greystone has been maintaining an adequate work force to meet demand for pallets. It is unclear the forces that are creating the labor shortage, whether it is from the pandemic or other causes. As a result, Greystone has not been able to maintain full operation. Management is unable to determine how long this labor shortage will last.
Greystone is subject to litigation, claims and other commitments and contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the asserted value of these matters may be significant, the company currently does not expect that the ultimate resolution of any open matters will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Legal Proceeding
On February 1, 2021, iGPS Logistics, LLC (“iGPS”), filed a Demand for Arbitration (the “Demand”) with the International Centre for Dispute Resolution of the American Arbitration Association (the “AAA”) against Greystone Manufacturing, LLC (“GSM”). iGPS alleges breaches by GSM under that certain manufacturing supply agreement dated as of December 16, 2015, by and between iGPS and GSM (the “MSA”) and the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, including, among other things, with respect to (1) improperly terminating the MSA, (2) improperly seeking to revoke its warranty of workmanship and materials, (3) failing to utilize a lower-priced and higher-quality PiRod, (4) making knowing false representations about compliance with UL certification requirements, and (5) refusing to permit an audit. iGPS seeks, among other things, (a) a declaratory judgment that iGPS is entitled to an audit of GSM’s material costs, (b) damages in excess of $500,000, including pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, (c) indemnification pursuant to MSA, (d) a preliminary and permanent injunction preventing GSM from taking any actions that are contrary to the exclusivity and non-competition provisions of the MSA, and (e) fees, costs, and expenses of bringing the arbitration.
GSM denies the allegations set forth in the Demand and intends to vigorously defend itself. On March 1, 2021, GSM filed an Answer to the Demand with the AAA (the “Answer”). In its Answer, GSM states, among other things, (i) within the first year of the MSA, and repeatedly thereafter, iGPS made substantial and material reconfigurations of the original mold design, routinely demanding that GSM alone bear virtually all the increasing costs and provide warranties for the experimental redesigns iGPS demanded, (ii) the iGPS-GSM relationship changed dramatically in 2019 after a leadership change, (iii) the new iGPS leadership began disclaiming the understandings reached between iGPS and GSM in the earlier years, (iv) although GSM terminated the MSA on March 17, 2020, it has not missed a run on any of the pallets sold to iGPS even to today, over a year after termination, and (v) GSM has not breached the exclusivity and non-competition provisions of the MSA. GSM seeks, among other things, (A) certain declaratory awards, (B) damages, including pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, and (C) attorney’s fees, costs, and expenses associated with the arbitration.
Greystone continues to manufacture and sell plastic pallets to iGPS.
Note 15. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (VIE)
Greystone Real Estate, L.L.C.
GRE is owned by Warren Kruger, President and CEO, and Robert Rosene, a member of the Board of Directors. GRE was created solely to own and lease two buildings that GSM occupies in Bettendorf, Iowa.
The buildings, having a carrying value of $2,664,805 and $2,780,677 at May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, serve as collateral for GRE’s debt and Greystone’s debt under the Loan Agreement between Greystone and IBC. The debt had a carrying value of $2,049,941 and $2,261,425 as of May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Note 16. COMMITMENTS
As of May 31, 2021, Greystone had outstanding commitments totaling $516,092 for the acquisition of equipment.
| F-20 |
Index to Exhibits
** Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this report.
Exhibit 21.1
Subsidiaries of Greystone Logistics, Inc.
As of May 31, 2021, Greystone Logistics, Inc. had two wholly-owned subsidiaries: Plastic Pallet Production, Inc., a Texas corporation, and Greystone Manufacturing, L.L.C., an Oklahoma limited liability company.
Exhibit 23.1
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM’S CONSENT
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (No. 333-92296) on Form S-8 of Greystone Logistics, Inc. of our report dated August 20, 2021, relating to our audits of the consolidated financial statements of Greystone Logistics, Inc., which appear in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2021.
/s/ HoganTaylor LLP
Tulsa, Oklahoma
August 20, 2021
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Warren F. Kruger, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Greystone Logistics, Inc.; | ||
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; | ||
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; | ||
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: | ||
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | ||
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | ||
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | ||
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and | ||
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): | ||
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | ||
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. | ||
| August 20, 2021 | /s/ Warren F. Kruger | |
| Warren F. Kruger | ||
| President and Chief Executive Officer |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, William W. Rahhal, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Greystone Logistics, Inc.; | ||
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; | ||
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; | ||
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: | ||
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | ||
| (b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | ||
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | ||
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and | ||
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): | ||
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | ||
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. | ||
| August 20, 2021 | /s/ William W. Rahhal | |
| William W. Rahhal | ||
| Chief Financial Officer |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the annual report of Greystone Logistics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending May 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Warren F. Kruger, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
| (1) | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and | |
| (2) | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| August 20, 2021 | /s/ Warren F. Kruger | |
| Warren F. Kruger | ||
| President and Chief Executive Officer |
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
The foregoing certification is being furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Report and shall not be considered filed as part of the Report.
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the annual report of Greystone Logistics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending May 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, William W. Rahhal, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
| (1) | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and | |
| (2) | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| August 20, 2021 | /s/ William W. Rahhal | |
| William W. Rahhal | ||
| Chief Financial Officer |
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
The foregoing certification is being furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Report and shall not be considered filed as part of the Report.
Document and Entity Information - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 |
Aug. 14, 2021 |
Nov. 30, 2020 |
|
| Cover [Abstract] | |||
| Entity Registrant Name | GREYSTONE LOGISTICS, INC. | ||
| Entity Central Index Key | 0001088413 | ||
| Document Type | 10-K | ||
| Document Period End Date | May 31, 2021 | ||
| Amendment Flag | false | ||
| Current Fiscal Year End Date | --05-31 | ||
| Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer | No | ||
| Entity a Voluntary Filer | No | ||
| Entity Current Reporting Status | Yes | ||
| Entity Interactive Data Current | Yes | ||
| Entity Filer Category | Non-accelerated Filer | ||
| Entity Small Business Flag | true | ||
| Entity Emerging Growth Company | false | ||
| Entity Shell Company | false | ||
| Entity Public Float | $ 15,079,000 | ||
| Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | 28,361,201 | ||
| Document Fiscal Period Focus | FY | ||
| Document Fiscal Year Focus | 2021 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) |
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Statement of Financial Position [Abstract] | ||
| Preferred stock, par value | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Preferred stock, shares authorized | 20,750,000 | 20,750,000 |
| Preferred stock, shares issued | 50,000 | 50,000 |
| Preferred stock, shares outstanding | 50,000 | 50,000 |
| Preferred stock, liquidation preference | $ 5,000,000 | $ 5,000,000 |
| Common stock, par value | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Common stock, shares authorized | 5,000,000,000 | 5,000,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares issued | 28,361,201 | 28,361,201 |
| Common stock, shares outstanding | 28,361,201 | 28,361,201 |
Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|
| Income Statement [Abstract] | ||
| Sales | $ 64,925,059 | $ 76,204,608 |
| Cost of Sales | 53,468,239 | 64,721,749 |
| Gross Profit | 11,456,820 | 11,482,859 |
| Selling, General and Administrative Expenses | 5,202,231 | 4,623,618 |
| Operating Income | 6,254,589 | 6,859,241 |
| Other Income (Expense): | ||
| Other income | 29,326 | 17,680 |
| Interest expense | (1,177,799) | (1,705,351) |
| Income before Income Taxes | 5,106,116 | 5,171,570 |
| Provision for Income Taxes | 1,480,590 | 209,000 |
| Net Income | 3,625,526 | 4,962,570 |
| Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interest | (272,142) | (262,149) |
| Preferred Dividends | (323,219) | (398,836) |
| Net Income Attributable to Common Stockholders | $ 3,030,165 | $ 4,301,585 |
| Income Per Share of Common Stock - Basic | $ 0.11 | $ 0.15 |
| Income Per Share of Common Stock - Diluted | $ 0.10 | $ 0.15 |
| Weighted Average Shares of Common Stock Outstanding - Basic | 28,361,201 | 28,361,201 |
| Weighted Average Shares of Common Stock Outstanding - Diluted | 32,364,942 | 32,343,657 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - USD ($) |
Preferred Stock [Member] |
Common Stock [Member] |
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] |
Accumulated Deficit [Member] |
Total Greystone Stockholders' Equity [Member] |
Non-controlling Interest [Member] |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance at May. 31, 2019 | $ 5 | $ 2,836 | $ 53,790,764 | $ (51,108,677) | $ 2,684,928 | $ 1,126,271 | $ 3,811,199 |
| Balance, shares at May. 31, 2019 | 50,000 | 28,361,201 | |||||
| Cash distributions | (215,400) | (215,400) | |||||
| Preferred dividends | (398,836) | (398,836) | (398,836) | ||||
| Net income | 4,700,421 | 4,700,421 | 262,149 | 4,962,570 | |||
| Balance at May. 31, 2020 | $ 5 | $ 2,836 | 53,790,764 | (46,807,092) | 6,986,513 | 1,173,020 | 8,159,533 |
| Balance, shares at May. 31, 2020 | 50,000 | 28,361,201 | |||||
| Cash distributions | (208,800) | (208,800) | |||||
| Preferred dividends | (323,219) | (323,219) | (323,219) | ||||
| Net income | 3,353,384 | 3,353,384 | 272,142 | 3,625,526 | |||
| Balance at May. 31, 2021 | $ 5 | $ 2,836 | $ 53,790,764 | $ (43,776,927) | $ 10,016,678 | $ 1,236,362 | $ 11,253,040 |
| Balance, shares at May. 31, 2021 | 50,000 | 28,361,201 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
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May 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization
Greystone Logistics, Inc. (“Greystone”), through its two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Greystone Manufacturing, LLC (“GSM”) and Plastic Pallet Production, Inc. (“PPP”), is engaged in the manufacturing and marketing of plastic pallets and pelletized recycled plastic resin.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Greystone, its subsidiaries and entities required to be consolidated by the accounting guidance for variable interest entities (“VIE”). All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Greystone consolidates its VIE, Greystone Real Estate, L.L.C. (“GRE”), which owns the manufacturing facilities which are occupied by Greystone. GRE is owned by Warren F. Kruger, President and CEO, and Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a member of Greystone’s Board of Directors.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of Greystone’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires Greystone’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
Effective June 1, 2020, Greystone adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, which requires changes to the recognition of credit losses on financial instruments not accounted for at fair value including loans, debt securities, trade receivables among other things. The adoption of this policy did not have a material effect on Greystone’s consolidated financial statements.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts
Greystone records its accounts receivable at their face value less an allowance for credit losses in an amount sufficient to absorb losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio based on projected expected credit losses. Greystone evaluates its accounts receivable and establishes an allowance for uncollectible accounts based on a combination of specific customer circumstances, credit conditions and history of collections.
Inventory
Inventory consists of finished pallets and raw materials which are stated at the lower of average cost or net realizable value.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Greystone’s property, plant and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, as follows:
Upon sale, retirement or other disposal, the related costs and accumulated depreciation of items of property, plant or equipment are removed from the related accounts and any gain or loss is recognized. When events or changes in circumstances indicate that long-lived assets may be impaired, an evaluation is performed comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset to the asset’s carrying amount. If the asset’s carrying amount exceeds the cash flows, a write-down to fair value is required.
Leases
Greystone recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements.
Greystone has operating and finance leases for facilities, office space and plant equipment. Operating leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) operating lease assets and finance lease ROU assets are included in property, plant and equipment, net in the consolidated balance sheet. The lease liabilities are included in operating leases and financing leases (current and non-current) in the consolidated balance sheet.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate is defined as the rate of interest that a lessee would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.
For finance leases, lease expenses are the sum of interest on the lease obligations and amortization of the ROU assets. Finance lease ROU assets are amortized based on the lesser of the lease term and the useful life of the leased asset according to the capital asset accounting policy. If ownership of the ROU assets transfers to the Greystone at the end of the lease term or if Greystone is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, amortization is calculated using the estimated useful life of the leased asset.
For operating leases, the lease expenses are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and recorded to general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.
In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 842, Greystone has made accounting policy elections (1) to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for lease arrangements with a term of twelve months or less and (2) to combine lease and non-lease components. The non-lease components are not material and do not result in significant timing differences in the recognition of lease expense. Short-term leases include real estate and vehicles and are not significant in comparison to the Greystone’s overall lease portfolio. For these leases, the Company recognizes the leases as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Debt Issuance Costs
The Company capitalizes debt issuance costs as incurred and amortizes such costs on a straight-line basis across the term of the debt. Debt issuance costs are fully amortized when the debt is repaid or refinanced.
Stock Options
The grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees is amortized on the straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award as compensation cost. The fair value of new option grants is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility, dividend yields and expected holding periods.
Recognition of Revenues
Revenue is recognized at the point in time a good or service is transferred to a customer and the customer obtains control of that good or receives the service performed. Sales arrangements with customers are short-term in nature involving single performance obligations related to the delivery of goods and generally provide for transfer of control at the time of shipment. In limited circumstances, where acceptance of the goods is subject to approval by the customer, revenue is recognized upon approval by the customer unless, historically, there have been insignificant rejections of goods by the customer. Contract liabilities associated with sales arrangements primarily relate to deferred revenue on prepaid sales of goods. Greystone generally purchases damaged pallets from its customers which are reground and used in Greystone’s pallet production process; however, damaged pallet purchases are historically insignificant.
Income Taxes
Greystone accounts for income taxes under the liability method, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the consolidated financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities and tax loss carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year. In arriving at income available to common stockholders, income attributable to non-controlling interest and preferred stock dividends are deducted from net income for the year.
Basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock for the years ending May 31, are as follows:
|
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Inventory |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory | Note 2. INVENTORY
Inventory consists of the following as of May 31:
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Property, Plant and Equipment |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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May 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment | Note 3. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
A summary of the property, plant and equipment for Greystone is as follows, as of May 31:
Property, plant and equipment includes production equipment with a carrying value of $426,343 which had not been placed into service as of May 31, 2021.
Two plant buildings and land located in Bettendorf, Iowa are owned by GRE, a variable interest entity, and had a net book value of $2,664,805 at May 31, 2021.
Depreciation expense for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, was $5,796,357 and $5,275,872, respectively. |
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Long-Term Debt |
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| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-Term Debt | Note 4. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consists of the following as of May 31, 2021 and 2020:
The prime rate of interest as of May 31, 2021 was 3.25%.
Debt Issuance Costs consists of the amounts paid to third parties in connection with the issuance and modification of debt instruments. These costs are shown on the consolidated balance sheet as a direct reduction to the related debt instrument. Amortization of these costs is included in interest expense. Greystone recorded amortization of debt issuance costs of $5,160 for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020.
Loan Agreement between Greystone and International Bank of Commerce (“IBC”)
On January 31, 2014, Greystone and GSM (the “Borrowers”) and International Bank of Commerce (“IBC”) entered into a Loan Agreement (the “IBC Loan Agreement”). The IBC Loan Agreement, as amended, provides for certain term loans and a revolver loan.
The IBC term loans make equal monthly payments of principal and interest in such amounts sufficient to amortize the principal balance of the loans over the remaining lives. The monthly payments of principal and interest on the IBC term loans vary as a result of changes in the prime rate of interest. Currently, the aggregate payments for the IBC term loans is approximately $258,000 per month.
The IBC Loan Agreement, as amended, provides a revolving loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $4,000,000 (the “Revolving Loan”). The exact amount which can be borrowed under the Revolving Loan from time to time is dependent upon the amount of the borrowing base but in no event can exceed $4,000,000. The Revolving Loan bears interest at greater of the prime rate of interest plus 0.5%, or 4.5% and matures January 31, 2023. The Borrowers are required to pay all interest accrued on the outstanding principal balance of the Revolving Loan on a monthly basis. Any principal on the Revolving Loan that is repaid by the Borrowers does not reduce the original amount available to the Borrowers. Under these limitations, Greystone’s available revolving loan borrowing capacity was $4,000,000 at May 31, 2021.
The IBC Loan Agreement includes customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants which include (i) requiring the Borrowers to maintain a debt service coverage ratio of 1:25 to 1:00 and a funded debt to EBIDA ratio not exceeding 3:00 to 1:00, (ii) subject to certain exceptions, limiting the Borrowers’ combined capital expenditures on fixed assets to $1,500,000 per year, (iii) prohibiting Greystone, without IBC’s prior written consent, from declaring or paying any dividends, redemptions of stock or membership interests, distributions and withdrawals (as applicable) in respect of its capital stock or any other equity interest, other than additional payments to holders of its preferred stock in an amount not to exceed $500,000 in any fiscal year, (iv) subject to certain exceptions, prohibiting the incurrence of additional indebtedness by the Borrowers, and (v) requiring the Borrowers to prevent (A) any change in capital ownership such that there is a material change in the direct or indirect ownership of (1) Greystone’s outstanding preferred stock, and (2) any equity interest in GSM, or (B) Warren Kruger from ceasing to be actively involved in the management of Greystone as President and/or Chief Executive Officer. The foregoing list of covenants is not exhaustive and there are several other covenants contained in the IBC Loan Agreement.
The IBC Loan Agreement includes customary events of default, including events of default relating to non-payment of principal and other amounts owing under the IBC Loan Agreement from time to time, inaccuracy of representations, violation of covenants, defaults under other agreements, bankruptcy and similar events, the death of a guarantor, certain material adverse changes relating to a Borrower or guarantor, certain judgments or awards against a Borrower, or government action affecting a Borrower’s or guarantor’s ability to perform under the IBC Loan Agreement or the related loan documents. Among other things, a default under the IBC Loan Agreement would permit IBC to cease lending funds under the IBC Loan Agreement and require immediate repayment of any outstanding loans with interest and any unpaid accrued fees.
The IBC Loan Agreement is secured by a lien on substantially all of the assets of the Borrowers. In addition, the IBC Loan Agreement is secured by a mortgage granted by GRE on the real property owned by GRE in Bettendorf, Iowa (the “Mortgage”). GRE is owned by Warren F. Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO, and Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a director of Greystone. Messrs. Kruger and Rosene provided a combined limited guaranty as of January 31, 2014, of the Borrowers’ obligations under the IBC Loan Agreement, with such guaranty being limited to a combined amount of $6,500,000 (the “Guaranty”). The Guaranty was amended and restated as of January 7, 2016, to provide that the maximum aggregate guaranty will be limited to $3,500,000 if Greystone maintains a Debt Coverage Ratio of at least 1.35:1.00 for a period of six consecutive quarters. Greystone has notified IBC that the conditions of the amended and restated Debt Service Coverage Ratio have been maintained for the six consecutive quarters ending May 31, 2021. The Mortgage and the Guaranty also secure or guaranty, as applicable, the obligations of GRE under the Loan Agreement between GRE and IBC dated January 31, 2014 as discussed in the following paragraph.
Paycheck Protection Program Loan (“PPP Loan”)
On April 10, 2020, the Company received a SBA Payroll Protection Program (“PPP Loan”) pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), with IBC for $3,034,000. On June 11, 2021, Greystone received notification from IBC that the principal and interest on the PPP Loan had been forgiven.
Loan Agreement between GRE and IBC
On January 31, 2014, GRE and IBC entered into a Loan Agreement, as amended, providing for a mortgage loan to GRE of $3,412,500. The loan provides for a 5.5% interest rate and a maturity of April 30, 2023 and is secured by a mortgage on the two buildings in Bettendorf, Iowa which are leased to Greystone.
Note Payable between Greystone and Robert B. Rosene, Jr.
Effective December 15, 2005, Greystone entered into an agreement with Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a member of Greystone’s Board of Directors, to convert $2,066,000 of advances into a note payable at 7.5% interest.
Effective June 1, 2016, the note payable with Mr. Rosene was restated (the “Restated Note”) to aggregate the accrued interest with the outstanding principal resulting in a combined note payable in the principal amount of $4,541,690 with an interest rate of 7.5% and a maturity of January 15, 2019, subsequently amended to January 15, 2023. The Restated Note requires the payment of accrued interest to Mr. Rosene. In addition, the Restated Note allows Greystone to make additional payments, at Greystone’s discretion, up to an amount allowed by the IBC Loan Agreement.
Maturities
Maturities of Greystone’s long-term debt, excluding the PPP Loan in the amount of $3,034,000 which was forgiven by letter dated June 11, 2021, for the five years after May 31, 2021 are $3,236,113, $7,761,154, $1,842,044 and $365,057. |
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Leases |
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| Leases | Note 5. LEASES
Financing Leases
Financing leases consist of the following as of May 31:
Greystone and an unrelated private company entered into three separate lease agreements which have an effective interest rate of 7.4% and a term of five years. The leased equipment was placed into production during February 2018, August 2018 and December 2018, at a total cost of approximately $6.9 million. The lease agreements include bargain purchase options to acquire the production equipment at the end of the leases’ term. The leased equipment is used to manufacture pallets to sell to the private company. Rental payments are made as a credit on every sales invoice of pallets produced on the respective leased equipment at the rate of $3.32 per pallet. The aggregate monthly rental is estimated to be approximately $142,000. The agreements provide for minimum monthly lease rental payments based upon the total pallets sold in excess of a specified amount not to exceed the monthly productive capacity of the leased machines.
Yorktown and Greystone entered into a sale and leaseback agreement effective December 28, 2018, whereby Yorktown purchased certain production equipment from Greystone at its net book value of $968,168 and entered into a four-year lease agreement with Greystone at a monthly rent of $27,915 for the initial thirty-six months and $7,695 for the remaining twelve months. The lease agreement provides for a purchase option of $10,000 at the end of the lease on December 31, 2022.
The production equipment under the non-cancelable financing leases at May 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
Amortization of the carrying amount of the assets was $1,012,870 and $906,909 for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The amortization was included in depreciation expense.
Operating Leases
Greystone recognizes a lease liability for each lease based on the present value of remaining minimum fixed rental payments, using a discount rate that approximates the rate of interest for a collateralized loan over a similar term. A right-of-use asset is recognized for each lease, valued at the lease liability. Minimum fixed rental payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease as costs and expenses on the consolidated statement of income. Variable and short-term rental payments are recognized as costs and expenses as they are incurred.
Greystone has three non-cancellable operating leases for (i) equipment with a fifty-two month term and a forty-eight month term and a discount rate of 5.40% and (ii) office space on a ninety-month term and a discount rate of 5.0%. The leases are single-term with constant monthly rental rates.
The outstanding liability for right to use assets under operating leases as of May 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
Lease Summary Information
For the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, a summary of lease activity follows:
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating and financing leases as of May 31, 2021, are approximately:
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Revenue |
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| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | Note 6. REVENUE
Greystone’s principal product is plastic pallets produced from recycled plastic resin. Sales are primarily to customers in the continental United States of America. International sales are made to customers in Canada and Mexico which totaled $594,745 and $2,323,650 in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Greystone’s customers include stocking and non-stocking distributors and direct sales to end-user customers. Sales to the following categories of customers for the fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively, were as follows:
Advances from a customer pursuant to a contract for the sale of plastics pallets is recognized as deferred revenue. Revenue is recognized by Greystone as pallets are shipped to the customer. Customer advances totaled $8,334,755 and $5,980,920 in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively. The unrecognized balance of deferred revenue as of May 31, 2021 and 2020, was $6,430,607 and $3,793,167, respectively. The Company recognized $5,697,315 and $4,388,820 into revenue during the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. |
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Related Party Transactions |
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May 31, 2021 | |
| Related Party Transactions [Abstract] | |
| Related Party Transactions | Note 7. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Transactions with Warren F. Kruger, Chairman
Yorktown Management & Financial Services, LLC (“Yorktown”), an entity wholly owned by Greystone’s CEO and President, owns and rents to Greystone (1) grinding equipment used to grind raw materials for Greystone’s pallet production and (2) extruders for pelletizing recycled plastic into pellets for resale and for use as raw material for manufacturing pallets. Greystone compensates Yorktown for the use of equipment as discussed below.
Rental fees. GSM pays weekly rental fees of $27,500 to Yorktown for grinding equipment and pelletizing equipment. Total rental fees of $1,430,000 were paid in both fiscal years 2021 and 2020.
Yorktown provides administrative office space for Greystone in Tulsa, Oklahoma under a five-year lease at a monthly rental of $4,000 per month. Total rent expense was $48,000 each in fiscal years 2021 and 2020. At May 31, 2021, future minimum payments under the non-cancelable operating lease are $28,000 in fiscal year 2022.
Transactions with TriEnda Holdings, L.L.C.
TriEnda Holdings, L.L.C. (“TriEnda”) is a manufacturer of plastic pallets, protective packaging and dunnage utilizing thermoform processing of which Warren F. Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO, is the non-executive chairman of the board of directors of Kruger Family Holdings, LLC (“KFH”), which owns a majority interest in TriEnda. Greystone may purchase pallets from TriEnda for resale or sell Greystone pallets to TriEnda. During fiscal year 2021 and 2020, Greystone purchases from TriEnda totaled $143,589 and $9,620, respectively and sales to TriEnda totaled $123,166 and $6,758, respectively. As of May 31, 2021, TriEnda owed $38,035 to Greystone.
Transactions with Green Plastic Pallets
Green Plastic Pallets (“Green”) is an entity owned by James Kruger, a brother to Warren Kruger, Greystone’s President and CEO. Green purchased pallets from Greystone totaling $544,636 and $506,501 in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of May 31, 2021, Green owed $115,515 to Greystone. |
Income Taxes |
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| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Taxes | Note 8. INCOME TAXES
Deferred taxes as of May 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
A deferred tax asset is recognized for tax-deductible temporary differences and operating losses using the applicable enacted tax rate. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers the likelihood of whether it is more likely than not the net deferred tax asset will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which net operating losses and the reversal of timing differences may offset taxable income. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Future realization of deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in carryforward periods under the tax law. Based on this evaluation, management has determined that Greystone will not be able to realize the full effect of the deferred tax assets and a valuation allowance of $1,601,134 has been recorded as of May 31, 2021 and 2020. The NOLs that are anticipated to be utilized during the available years total $4,221,505.
The net change in deferred taxes for the year ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
The provision for income taxes as of May 31, 2021 and 2020 consists of the following:
Greystone’s provision for income taxes for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:
As of May 31, 2021, Greystone had net operating losses (NOLs) for Federal income tax purposes totaling $11,845,952, as follows:
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Stockholders' Equity |
12 Months Ended |
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May 31, 2021 | |
| Equity [Abstract] | |
| Stockholders' Equity | Note 9. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Convertible Preferred Stock
In September 2003, Greystone issued 50,000 shares of Series 2003, cumulative, convertible preferred stock, par value $0.0001, for a total purchase price of $5,000,000. Each share of the preferred stock has a stated value of $100 and a dividend rate equal to the prime rate of interest plus 3.25% (6.5% at May 31, 2021) and may be converted into common stock at the conversion rate of $1.50 per share or an aggregate of 3,333,333 shares of common stock. The holder of the preferred stock has been granted certain voting rights so that such holder has the right to elect a majority of the Board of Directors of Greystone. Preferred stock dividends must be fully paid before a dividend on the common stock may be paid.
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
Effective September 1, 2016, Greystone’s Board of Directors authorized the issuance of warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of Greystone’s common stock for $0.01 per share to each of Warren F. Kruger, President and CEO, and Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a member of Greystone’s Board of Directors, as compensation for providing guarantees on Greystone’s debt with IBC. The warrants are vested and expire January 10, 2027. |
Stock Options |
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| Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock Options | Note 10. STOCK OPTIONS
Greystone has a stock option plan that provides for the granting of options to key employees and non-employee directors. The options are to purchase common stock at not less than fair market value at the date of the grant. Stock options generally expire in ten years from the date of grant or upon termination of employment and are generally exercisable one year from date of grant in cumulative annual installments of 25%. There was no option activity during the two years ended May 31, 2021. Outstanding options are as follows:
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Retirement Plan |
12 Months Ended |
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May 31, 2021 | |
| Retirement Benefits [Abstract] | |
| Retirement Plan | Note 11. RETIREMENT PLAN
Greystone implemented a defined contribution and profit-sharing plan effective January 1, 2019. The defined contribution plan is a IRC Section 401(K) plan. Greystone matches employee contributions up to 6% of employee contributions with a maximum employer contribution of 4% based on 100% of the first 3% and 50% of the next 2%. The employee is 100% vested for employer contributions to the 401(K) plan. Greystone’s contributions to the 401(K) plan totaled $330,682 and $275,677 in the fiscal years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The profit-sharing plan is an employer nonelective plan. Greystone’s contributions are discretionary. Vesting is earned ratably over a five-year period. Greystone has not authorized or made any discretionary contributions since inception. |
Financial Instruments |
12 Months Ended |
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| Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract] | |
| Financial Instruments | Note 12. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following methods and assumptions are used in estimating the fair-value disclosures for financial instruments:
Cash, Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable: The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.
Long-Term Debt: The carrying amount of loans with floating rates of interest approximate fair value. Fixed rate loans are valued based on cash flows using estimated rates for comparable loans. As of May 31, 2021 and 2020, the carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheet approximate fair value for the variable and fixed rate loans. |
Supplemental Information of Cash Flows |
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| Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Information of Cash Flows | Note 13. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION OF CASH FLOWS
Supplemental information of cash flows for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020:
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Concentrations, Risks and Uncertainties |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
May 31, 2021 | |
| Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract] | |
| Concentrations, Risks and Uncertainties | Note 14. CONCENTRATIONS, RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
For the fiscal years 2021 and 2020, Greystone had four customers that accounted for approximately 83% and 87% of total sales, respectively.
Greystone purchases damaged pallets from its customers at a price based on the value of the raw material content of the pallet. A majority of these purchases is from one of Greystone’s major customers which totaled approximately $753,000 and $1,768,000 in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively.
COVID-19 Risks. The impact of COVID-19 has created much uncertainty in the marketplace. To date, the demand for Greystone’s products has not been affected as Greystone’s pallets are generally used logistically by essential entities. The major issue for Greystone has been maintaining an adequate work force to meet demand for pallets. It is unclear the forces that are creating the labor shortage, whether it is from the pandemic or other causes. As a result, Greystone has not been able to maintain full operation. Management is unable to determine how long this labor shortage will last.
Greystone is subject to litigation, claims and other commitments and contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the asserted value of these matters may be significant, the company currently does not expect that the ultimate resolution of any open matters will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Legal Proceeding
On February 1, 2021, iGPS Logistics, LLC (“iGPS”), filed a Demand for Arbitration (the “Demand”) with the International Centre for Dispute Resolution of the American Arbitration Association (the “AAA”) against Greystone Manufacturing, LLC (“GSM”). iGPS alleges breaches by GSM under that certain manufacturing supply agreement dated as of December 16, 2015, by and between iGPS and GSM (the “MSA”) and the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, including, among other things, with respect to (1) improperly terminating the MSA, (2) improperly seeking to revoke its warranty of workmanship and materials, (3) failing to utilize a lower-priced and higher-quality PiRod, (4) making knowing false representations about compliance with UL certification requirements, and (5) refusing to permit an audit. iGPS seeks, among other things, (a) a declaratory judgment that iGPS is entitled to an audit of GSM’s material costs, (b) damages in excess of $500,000, including pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, (c) indemnification pursuant to MSA, (d) a preliminary and permanent injunction preventing GSM from taking any actions that are contrary to the exclusivity and non-competition provisions of the MSA, and (e) fees, costs, and expenses of bringing the arbitration.
GSM denies the allegations set forth in the Demand and intends to vigorously defend itself. On March 1, 2021, GSM filed an Answer to the Demand with the AAA (the “Answer”). In its Answer, GSM states, among other things, (i) within the first year of the MSA, and repeatedly thereafter, iGPS made substantial and material reconfigurations of the original mold design, routinely demanding that GSM alone bear virtually all the increasing costs and provide warranties for the experimental redesigns iGPS demanded, (ii) the iGPS-GSM relationship changed dramatically in 2019 after a leadership change, (iii) the new iGPS leadership began disclaiming the understandings reached between iGPS and GSM in the earlier years, (iv) although GSM terminated the MSA on March 17, 2020, it has not missed a run on any of the pallets sold to iGPS even to today, over a year after termination, and (v) GSM has not breached the exclusivity and non-competition provisions of the MSA. GSM seeks, among other things, (A) certain declaratory awards, (B) damages, including pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, and (C) attorney’s fees, costs, and expenses associated with the arbitration.
Greystone continues to manufacture and sell plastic pallets to iGPS. |
Variable Interest Entities (VIE) |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
May 31, 2021 | |
| Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |
| Variable Interest Entities (VIE) | Note 15. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (VIE)
Greystone Real Estate, L.L.C.
GRE is owned by Warren Kruger, President and CEO, and Robert Rosene, a member of the Board of Directors. GRE was created solely to own and lease two buildings that GSM occupies in Bettendorf, Iowa.
The buildings, having a carrying value of $2,664,805 and $2,780,677 at May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, serve as collateral for GRE’s debt and Greystone’s debt under the Loan Agreement between Greystone and IBC. The debt had a carrying value of $2,049,941 and $2,261,425 as of May 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. |
Commitments |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
May 31, 2021 | |
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| Commitments | Note 16. COMMITMENTS
As of May 31, 2021, Greystone had outstanding commitments totaling $516,092 for the acquisition of equipment. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Organization | Organization
Greystone Logistics, Inc. (“Greystone”), through its two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Greystone Manufacturing, LLC (“GSM”) and Plastic Pallet Production, Inc. (“PPP”), is engaged in the manufacturing and marketing of plastic pallets and pelletized recycled plastic resin. |
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| Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Greystone, its subsidiaries and entities required to be consolidated by the accounting guidance for variable interest entities (“VIE”). All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Greystone consolidates its VIE, Greystone Real Estate, L.L.C. (“GRE”), which owns the manufacturing facilities which are occupied by Greystone. GRE is owned by Warren F. Kruger, President and CEO, and Robert B. Rosene, Jr., a member of Greystone’s Board of Directors. |
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| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates
The preparation of Greystone’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires Greystone’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. |
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| Credit Losses on Financial Instruments | Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
Effective June 1, 2020, Greystone adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, which requires changes to the recognition of credit losses on financial instruments not accounted for at fair value including loans, debt securities, trade receivables among other things. The adoption of this policy did not have a material effect on Greystone’s consolidated financial statements. |
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| Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts
Greystone records its accounts receivable at their face value less an allowance for credit losses in an amount sufficient to absorb losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio based on projected expected credit losses. Greystone evaluates its accounts receivable and establishes an allowance for uncollectible accounts based on a combination of specific customer circumstances, credit conditions and history of collections. |
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| Inventory | Inventory
Inventory consists of finished pallets and raw materials which are stated at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. |
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| Property, Plant and Equipment | Property, Plant and Equipment
Greystone’s property, plant and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, as follows:
Upon sale, retirement or other disposal, the related costs and accumulated depreciation of items of property, plant or equipment are removed from the related accounts and any gain or loss is recognized. When events or changes in circumstances indicate that long-lived assets may be impaired, an evaluation is performed comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset to the asset’s carrying amount. If the asset’s carrying amount exceeds the cash flows, a write-down to fair value is required. |
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| Leases | Leases
Greystone recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements.
Greystone has operating and finance leases for facilities, office space and plant equipment. Operating leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) operating lease assets and finance lease ROU assets are included in property, plant and equipment, net in the consolidated balance sheet. The lease liabilities are included in operating leases and financing leases (current and non-current) in the consolidated balance sheet.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate is defined as the rate of interest that a lessee would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.
For finance leases, lease expenses are the sum of interest on the lease obligations and amortization of the ROU assets. Finance lease ROU assets are amortized based on the lesser of the lease term and the useful life of the leased asset according to the capital asset accounting policy. If ownership of the ROU assets transfers to the Greystone at the end of the lease term or if Greystone is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, amortization is calculated using the estimated useful life of the leased asset.
For operating leases, the lease expenses are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and recorded to general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.
In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 842, Greystone has made accounting policy elections (1) to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for lease arrangements with a term of twelve months or less and (2) to combine lease and non-lease components. The non-lease components are not material and do not result in significant timing differences in the recognition of lease expense. Short-term leases include real estate and vehicles and are not significant in comparison to the Greystone’s overall lease portfolio. For these leases, the Company recognizes the leases as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. |
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| Debt Issuance Costs | Debt Issuance Costs
The Company capitalizes debt issuance costs as incurred and amortizes such costs on a straight-line basis across the term of the debt. Debt issuance costs are fully amortized when the debt is repaid or refinanced. |
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| Stock Options | Stock Options
The grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees is amortized on the straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award as compensation cost. The fair value of new option grants is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility, dividend yields and expected holding periods. |
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| Recognition of Revenues | Recognition of Revenues
Revenue is recognized at the point in time a good or service is transferred to a customer and the customer obtains control of that good or receives the service performed. Sales arrangements with customers are short-term in nature involving single performance obligations related to the delivery of goods and generally provide for transfer of control at the time of shipment. In limited circumstances, where acceptance of the goods is subject to approval by the customer, revenue is recognized upon approval by the customer unless, historically, there have been insignificant rejections of goods by the customer. Contract liabilities associated with sales arrangements primarily relate to deferred revenue on prepaid sales of goods. Greystone generally purchases damaged pallets from its customers which are reground and used in Greystone’s pallet production process; however, damaged pallet purchases are historically insignificant. |
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| Income Taxes | Income Taxes
Greystone accounts for income taxes under the liability method, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the consolidated financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities and tax loss carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. |
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| Earnings Per Share | Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year. In arriving at income available to common stockholders, income attributable to non-controlling interest and preferred stock dividends are deducted from net income for the year.
Basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock for the years ending May 31, are as follows:
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Useful Life of Property, Plant and Equipment | Greystone’s property, plant and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, as follows:
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| Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share | Basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock for the years ending May 31, are as follows:
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Inventory (Tables) |
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| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Inventory | Inventory consists of the following as of May 31:
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Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables) |
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| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment | A summary of the property, plant and equipment for Greystone is as follows, as of May 31:
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Long-Term Debt (Tables) |
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| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Long-Term Debt | Long-term debt consists of the following as of May 31, 2021 and 2020:
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Leases (Tables) |
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| Leases [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Financing Lease | Financing leases consist of the following as of May 31:
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| Schedule of Non-cancelable Financing Leases | The production equipment under the non-cancelable financing leases at May 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
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| Schedule of Operating Leases | The outstanding liability for right to use assets under operating leases as of May 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
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| Summary of Lease Activity | For the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020, a summary of lease activity follows:
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| Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments | Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating and financing leases as of May 31, 2021, are approximately:
|
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Revenue (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Sale of Revenues for Customer Categories | Sales to the following categories of customers for the fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively, were as follows:
|
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Income Taxes (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of Deferred Taxes | Deferred taxes as of May 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of Net Change in Deferred Taxes | The net change in deferred taxes for the year ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
|
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| Summary of Provision for Income Taxes | The provision for income taxes as of May 31, 2021 and 2020 consists of the following:
|
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| Summary of Provision for Income Taxes for Federal Statutory Rate | Greystone’s provision for income taxes for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020 differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:
|
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| Summary of Net Operating Loss for Federal Income Tax | As of May 31, 2021, Greystone had net operating losses (NOLs) for Federal income tax purposes totaling $11,845,952, as follows:
|
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Stock Options (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments Abstract | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Option Activity | Outstanding options are as follows:
|
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Supplemental Information of Cash Flows (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Supplemental Information of Cash Flows | Supplemental information of cash flows for the years ended May 31, 2021 and 2020:
|
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Useful Life of Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
May 31, 2021 | |
| Plant Buildings [Member] | |
| Estimated useful life of property plant and equipment | 39 years |
| Production Machinery and Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member] | |
| Estimated useful life of property plant and equipment | 5 years |
| Production Machinery and Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member] | |
| Estimated useful life of property plant and equipment | 12 years |
| Leasehold Improvements [Member] | Minimum [Member] | |
| Estimated useful life of property plant and equipment | 5 years |
| Leasehold Improvements [Member] | Maximum [Member] | |
| Estimated useful life of property plant and equipment | 7 years |
| Furniture and Fixtures [Member] | Minimum [Member] | |
| Estimated useful life of property plant and equipment | 3 years |
| Furniture and Fixtures [Member] | Maximum [Member] | |
| Estimated useful life of property plant and equipment | 5 years |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ 3,030,165 | $ 4,301,585 |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 28,361,201 | 28,361,201 |
| Income per share of common stock - Basic | $ 0.11 | $ 0.15 |
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ 3,030,165 | $ 4,301,585 |
| Add: Preferred stock dividends due to assumed conversion | 323,219 | 398,836 |
| Net Income allocated to common stockholders | $ 3,353,384 | $ 4,700,421 |
| Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic | 28,361,201 | 28,361,201 |
| Incremental common shares from assumed conversion of warrants, options and preferred stock, as appropriate | 4,003,741 | 3,982,456 |
| Diluted weighted average common stock outstanding | 32,364,942 | 32,343,657 |
| Income per share - Diluted | $ 0.10 | $ 0.15 |
Inventory - Schedule of Inventory (Details) - USD ($) |
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Raw materials | $ 2,520,654 | $ 1,953,957 |
| Finished goods | 921,320 | 2,275,938 |
| Total Inventory | $ 3,441,974 | $ 4,229,895 |
Property, Plant and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Carrying value of property, plant and equipment | $ 61,301,417 | $ 60,444,330 |
| Depreciation expense | 5,796,357 | $ 5,275,872 |
| Two Plant Buildings and Land [Member] | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Carrying value of property, plant and equipment | 2,664,805 | |
| Service [Member] | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Machinery and equipment | $ 426,343 | |
Property, Plant and Equipment - Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) |
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Property plant and equipment, gross | $ 61,301,417 | $ 60,444,330 |
| Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (30,302,429) | (26,301,923) |
| Net Property, Plant and Equipment | 30,998,988 | 34,142,407 |
| Production Machinery and Equipment [Member] | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Property plant and equipment, gross | 52,292,733 | 51,637,883 |
| Plant Buildings and Land [Member] | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Property plant and equipment, gross | 6,970,949 | 6,881,326 |
| Leasehold Improvements [Member] | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Property plant and equipment, gross | 1,487,398 | 1,323,535 |
| Furniture and Fixtures [Member] | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Property plant and equipment, gross | $ 550,337 | $ 601,586 |
Leases - Schedule of Financing Lease (Details) - USD ($) |
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Leases [Abstract] | ||
| Non-cancellable financing leases | $ 3,594,007 | $ 5,455,656 |
| Less: Current portion of financing leases | (1,745,535) | (1,838,251) |
| Non-cancellable financing leases, net of current portion | $ 1,848,472 | $ 3,617,405 |
Leases - Schedule of Non-cancelable Financing Leases (Details) - USD ($) |
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Leases [Abstract] | ||
| Production equipment under financing leases | $ 8,473,357 | $ 8,473,357 |
| Less: Accumulated amortization | (2,534,688) | (1,521,818) |
| Production equipment under financing leases, net | $ 5,938,669 | $ 6,951,539 |
Leases - Schedule of Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) |
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Leases [Abstract] | ||
| Liability under operating leases | $ 109,013 | $ 181,525 |
| Less: Current portion | (56,443) | (74,024) |
| Long-term portion of liability under operating leases | $ 52,570 | $ 107,501 |
Leases - Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($) |
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Leases [Abstract] | ||
| Year ended May 31, 2021 | $ 61,881 | |
| Year ended May 31, 2022 | 33,881 | |
| Year ended May 31, 2023 | 19,018 | |
| Year ended May 31, 2024 | 1,990 | |
| Total lease payments | 116,770 | |
| Less: Imputed interest | (7,757) | |
| Present value of minimum lease payments | 109,013 | $ 181,525 |
| Year ended May 31, 2021 | 1,948,534 | |
| Year ended May 31, 2022 | 1,666,035 | |
| Year ended May 31, 2023 | 253,192 | |
| Year ended May 31, 2024 | 12,304 | |
| Total lease payments | 3,880,065 | |
| Less: Imputed interest | (286,058) | |
| Present value of minimum lease payments | $ 3,594,007 | $ 5,455,656 |
Revenue (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | ||
| Customer advances | $ 5,697,315 | $ 4,388,820 |
| Unrecognized deferred revenue | 6,430,607 | 3,793,167 |
| Pallets [Member] | ||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | ||
| Customer advances | 8,334,755 | 5,980,920 |
| Canada and Mexico [Member] | ||
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | ||
| Sales revenue | $ 594,745 | $ 2,323,650 |
Revenue - Schedule of Sale of Revenues for Customer Categories (Details) - Sales Revenue, Net [Member] - Customer Concentration Risk [Member] |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|
| End Users - Major Customers [Member] | ||
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | ||
| Total | 83.00% | 87.00% |
| Distributors [Member] | ||
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | ||
| Total | 17.00% | 13.00% |
Income Taxes (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Deferred tax assets and valuation allowance | $ 1,601,134 | $ 1,601,134 |
| Utilization of NOL's accumulated | 4,221,505 | |
| NOL carryforward | $ 11,845,952 |
Income Taxes - Summary of Deferred Taxes (Details) - USD ($) |
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Net operating loss carryforward | $ 2,487,650 | $ 3,355,844 |
| Accrued expenses | 35,445 | |
| Inventory | 7,620 | 91,440 |
| Total deferred tax asset | 2,495,270 | 3,482,729 |
| Depreciation and amortization, tax reporting in excess of financial | (3,274,778) | (2,990,647) |
| Valuation allowance | (1,601,134) | (1,601,134) |
| Net deferred tax liability | $ (2,380,642) | $ (1,109,052) |
Income Taxes - Summary of Net Change in Deferred Taxes (Details) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Valuation allowance | $ 1,377,377 | |
| Net operating loss carryforward | (868,195) | (1,451,772) |
| Depreciation and amortization, tax reporting in excess of financial | (284,131) | (113,074) |
| Accrued expenses | (35,445) | (52,853) |
| Other | (83,820) | 57,912 |
| Net change | $ (1,271,591) | $ (182,410) |
Income Taxes - Summary of Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Current income tax - state | $ 208,999 | $ 26,590 |
| Deferred income tax | 1,271,591 | 182,410 |
| Provision for income taxes | $ 1,480,590 | $ 209,000 |
Income Taxes - Summary of Provision for Income Taxes for Federal Statutory Rate (Details) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|
| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Tax provision using statutory rates | 21.00% | 21.00% |
| State income taxes | 9.00% | 10.00% |
| Change in valuation allowance | (26.00%) | |
| VIE income passed to members | (1.00%) | (1.00%) |
| Tax provision per financial statements | 29.00% | 4.00% |
Income Taxes - Summary of Net Operating Loss for Federal Income Tax (Details) |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
May 31, 2021
USD ($)
| |
| NOL Carryforward | $ 11,845,952 |
| Year Ended May 31, 2003 [Member] | |
| NOL Carryforward | $ 3,526,144 |
| Year Expiring | 2023 |
| Year Ended May 31, 2004 [Member] | |
| NOL Carryforward | $ 1,632,774 |
| Year Expiring | 2024 |
| Year Ended May 31, 2005 [Member] | |
| NOL Carryforward | $ 4,215,217 |
| Year Expiring | 2025 |
| Year Ended May 31, 2006 [Member] | |
| NOL Carryforward | $ 275,294 |
| Year Expiring | 2026 |
| Year Ended May 31, 2007 [Member] | |
| NOL Carryforward | $ 67,667 |
| Year Expiring | 2027 |
| Year Ended May 31, 2011 [Member] | |
| NOL Carryforward | $ 746,484 |
| Year Expiring | 2031 |
| Year Ended May 31, 2015 [Member] | |
| NOL Carryforward | $ 321,625 |
| Year Expiring | 2035 |
| Year Ended May 31, 2016 [Member] | |
| NOL Carryforward | $ 1,060,747 |
| Year Expiring | 2036 |
Stockholders' Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
1 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2003 |
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
Sep. 01, 2016 |
|
| Preferred stock par value | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 | ||
| Warren F. Kruger [Member] | ||||
| Issuance of warrants to purchase shares of common stock | 250,000 | |||
| Warrants exercise price per share | $ 0.01 | |||
| Warrants expiration date | Jan. 10, 2027 | |||
| Robert B. Rosene, Jr. [Member] | ||||
| Issuance of warrants to purchase shares of common stock | 250,000 | |||
| Warrants exercise price per share | $ 0.01 | |||
| Warrants expiration date | Jan. 10, 2027 | |||
| Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | ||||
| Number of shares issued | 50,000 | |||
| Preferred stock par value | $ 0.0001 | |||
| Number of shares issued, value | $ 5,000,000 | |||
| Preferred stock stated value | $ 100 | |||
| Preferred stock dividend rate | 3.25% | 6.50% | ||
| Debt conversion price | $ 1.50 | |||
| Number of common stock issued upon conversion | 3,333,333 |
Stock Options (Details Narrative) |
12 Months Ended |
|---|---|
May 31, 2021 | |
| Stock Options - Schedule Of Option Activity | |
| Stock option expiration year | 10 years |
| Stock option annual installment percentage | 25.00% |
Stock Options - Schedule of Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|
| Stock Options - Schedule Of Option Activity | ||
| Number of Options Outstanding, Beginning Balance | 200,000 | 200,000 |
| Number of Options Outstanding, Exercised | ||
| Number of Options Outstanding, Ending Balance | 200,000 | 200,000 |
| Number of Options Exercisable, Ending Balance | 200,000 | |
| Number of Options Non-vested, Ending Balance | 0 | |
| Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Beginning Balance | $ 0.12 | $ 0.12 |
| Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Exercised | ||
| Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Ending Balance | 0.12 | $ 0.12 |
| Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercisable | $ 0.12 | |
| Remaining Contractual Life (years), Outstanding | 1 year | |
| Remaining Contractual Life (years), Exercisable | 1 year | |
| Intrinsic Value, Options Exercisable, Ending Balance | $ 228,000 | |
Retirement Plan (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|
| Retirement Benefits [Abstract] | ||
| Employers contribution percentage, description | The defined contribution plan is a IRC Section 401(K) plan. Greystone matches employee contributions up to 6% of employee contributions with a maximum employer contribution of 4% based on 100% of the first 3% and 50% of the next 2%. The employee is 100% vested for employer contributions to the 401(K) plan. | |
| Employer discretionary contribution amount | $ 330,682 | $ 275,677 |
| Maximum annual contributions per employee, percent | 6.00% | |
Supplemental Information of Cash Flows - Schedule of Supplemental Information of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|
| Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract] | ||
| Acquisition of equipment through financing leases | $ 612,124 | |
| Acquisition of equipment in accounts payable | 15,656 | 295,108 |
| Equipment reclassified from inventory | 26,750 | |
| Preferred dividend accrual | 84,110 | |
| Interest paid | 1,176,412 | 1,696,444 |
| Income taxes paid | $ 178,280 | |
Concentrations, Risks and Uncertainties (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
12 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Feb. 01, 2021 |
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | |||
| Excess damages | $ 500,000 | ||
| Fiscal Year 2021 [Member] | |||
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | |||
| Customer purchases amount | $ 753,000 | ||
| Fiscal Year 2020 [Member] | |||
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | |||
| Customer purchases amount | $ 1,768,000 | ||
| Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Four Customers [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | |||
| Concentration Risk [Line Items] | |||
| Concentration risk percentage | 83.00% | 87.00% | |
Variable Interest Entities (VIE) (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
May 31, 2021 |
May 31, 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Debt [Member] | ||
| Carrying value of liabilities | $ 2,049,941 | $ 2,261,425 |
| Plant Buildings [Member] | ||
| Carrying value of assets | $ 2,664,805 | $ 2,780,677 |
Commitments (Details Narrative) |
May 31, 2021
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| Purchase of production equipment | $ 516,092 |
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