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Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Organization
Organization: Usio, Inc., along with its subsidiaries, FiCentive, Inc., a Nevada corporation, and Zbill, Inc., a Nevada corporation, provides integrated electronic payment services, including credit and debit card-based processing services and transaction processing via the Automated Clearing House, or ACH network to billers and retailers. Also, the company has an additional wholly-owned subsidiary, PDS Acquisition Corp, which its purpose is to integrate future acquisitions under the Usio, Inc. family of companies. In addition, the Company operates various product websites, such as www.akimbocard.com, www.payfacinabox.com , and
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenues
Revenue Recognition: Revenue consists primarily of fees generated through the electronic processing of payment transactions and related services. Revenue is recognized during the period in which the transactions are processed or when the related services are performed. The Company complies with ASC 606-10 and reports revenues at gross as a principal versus net as an agent. Although some of the Company's processing agreements vary with respect to specific credit risks, the Company has determined for each agreement it is acting in the principal role. Merchants may be charged for these processing services at a bundled rate based on a percentage of the dollar amount of each transaction and, in some instances, additional fees are charged for each transaction. Certain merchant customers are charged a flat fee per transaction, while others may also be charged miscellaneous fees, including fees for chargebacks or returns, monthly minimums, and other miscellaneous services. Revenues derived from electronic processing of credit, debit, and prepaid card transactions that are authorized and captured through third-party networks are reported gross of amounts paid to sponsor banks as well as interchange and assessments paid to credit card associations. Certain card distributors remit payment of fees earned 45 days after the end of the processing period. Prepaid card distributors have payment terms of 30 days following the end of the month. Sales taxes billed are reported directly as a liability to the taxing authority and are not included in revenue.

Deferred Revenues: The Company records deferred revenues when it receives payments or issues invoices in advance of transferring control of promised goods or services to a customer. The advance consideration received from a customer is deferred until the Company provides the customer that product or service.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents includes cash and other money market instruments. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.
Settlement Processing Assets and Obligations
Settlement Processing Assets and Obligations: Settlement processing assets and obligations represent intermediary balances arising in our settlement process for merchants.
Prepaid Card Load Assets
Prepaid Card Load Assets: The Company maintains pre-funding accounts for our customers to facilitate prepaid card loads as initiated by our customer. These prepaid card load assets are carried on the Company's balance sheet with a corresponding liability.
Merchant Reserves
Merchant Reserves: The Company has merchant reserve requirements associated with Automated Clearing House, or ACH transactions. The merchant reserve assets are carried on the Company's balance sheet with a corresponding liability. Merchant Reserves are set for each merchant. Funds are collected from each merchant and held as collateral to minimize contingent liabilities associated with any losses that may occur under the merchant agreement. While this cash is not restricted in its use, the Company believes that designating this cash to collateralize Merchant Reserves strengthens its fiduciary standing with the Company's member sponsors and is in accordance with the guidelines set by the card networks.
Accounts Receivable/Allowance for Estimated Losses
Accounts Receivable/Allowance for Estimated Losses: Accounts receivable are reported as outstanding principal net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $123,165 and $55,212 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
 
The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability or failure of its customers to make required payments. The Company determines the allowance based on an account-by-account review, taking into consideration such factors as the age of the outstanding balance, historical pattern of collections and financial condition of the customer. Past losses incurred by the Company due to bad debts have been within its expectations. If the financial condition of our customers deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make contractual payments, additional allowances might be required. Estimates for bad debt losses are variable based on the volume of transactions processed and could increase or decrease accordingly. The Company normally does not charge interest on accounts receivable.
Property and Equipment
Property and Equipment: Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed on a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, ranging from three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated useful lives or remaining lease period. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
Accounting for Internal Use Software
Accounting for Internal Use Software: The Company capitalizes the costs associated with software developed and / or software obtained for internal use. The software is capitalized when both the preliminary project stage is complete, and the software being developed is placed-in service. Capitalized costs include only (i) external direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining internal-use software, (ii) payroll and other related costs for employees who are directly associated with and who devote time to the internal-use software project, and (iii) interest costs incurred, when material, while developing internal-use software. The Company ceases capitalization of such costs no later than the point at which the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose
Concentration of Credit Risk
Concentration of Credit Risk: Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, and accounts receivable. The Company is exposed to credit risk on its cash and cash equivalents in the event of default by the financial institutions to the extent account balances exceed the amount insured by the FDIC, which is $250,000. Accounts receivables potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. The Company’s customer base operates in a variety of industries and is geographically dispersed. The Company closely monitors extensions of credit. Estimated credit losses have been recorded in the consolidated financial statements. Recent credit losses have been within management's expectations.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair Value of Financial Instruments: Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings are reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements at cost, which approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets: The Company reviews periodically, on at least an annual basis, the carrying value of its long-lived assets and intangible assets and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. To the extent the fair value of a long-lived asset, determined based upon the estimated future cash inflows attributable to the asset, less estimated future cash outflows, is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized.
Reserve for Processing Losses
Reserve for Processing Losses: If, due to insolvency or bankruptcy of one of the Company’s merchant customers, or for any other reason, the Company is not able to collect amounts from its card processing, credit card, ACH or merchant prepaid customers that have been properly "charged back" by the customer or if a prepaid cardholder incurs a negative balance, the Company must bear the credit risk for the full amount of the transaction. The Company may require cash deposits and other types of collateral from certain merchants to minimize any such risk. In addition, the Company utilizes a number of systems and procedures to manage merchant risk. ACH, prepaid and credit card merchant processing loss reserves are primarily determined by performing a historical analysis of our loss experience and considering other factors that could affect that experience in the future, such as the types of transactions processed and nature of the merchant relationship with its consumers and the Company with its prepaid card holders. This reserve amount is subject to the risk that actual losses may be greater than our estimates. The Company has not incurred any significant processing losses to date. Estimates for processing losses vary based on the volume of transactions processed and could increase or decrease accordingly. The Company evaluates its risk for such transactions and estimates its potential processing losses based primarily on historical experience and other relevant factors.
Advertising costs
Advertising Costs: Advertising is expensed as incurred.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes: Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on difference between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are computed with the presumption that they will be realizable in future periods when taxable income is generated. Predicting the ability to realize these assets in future periods requires a great deal of judgment by management. U.S. generally accepted accounting principles prescribe a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Income tax benefits that meet the “more likely than not” recognition threshold should be recognized. Goodwill is amortized over 15 years for tax purposes.
 
As with all businesses, the Company’s tax returns are subject to periodic examination. The Company’s federal returns for the past four years remain open to examination. The Company is subject to the Texas margin tax and Tennessee franchise tax. Management is not aware of any tax positions that would have a significant impact on its financial position.
 
The Company has approximately $51.2 million of net operating loss carryforwards. However, the Company cannot predict with reasonable certainty whether all of the available net operating loss carryforwards will be realized in future periods. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been provided to reduce the net deferred tax assets to $1.4 million. Management does not anticipate a significant change in the assessment and will review the deferred tax asset balance at December 31, 2020, or earlier as events may warrant.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation: The Company recognizes as compensation expense all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors, including grants of stock options and warrants, based on estimated fair values. Fair value is generally determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.
401(k) Plan
401(k) Plan: The Company has a defined contribution plan, or 401(k) Plan, pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. All eligible full and part-time employees of the Company who meet certain age requirements may participate in the 401(k) Plan. Participants may contribute between 1% and 15% of their pre-tax compensation, but not in excess of the maximum allowable under the Code. The 401(k) Plan allows for discretionary and matching contributions by the Company.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Earnings (Loss) Per Share: Basic and diluted (loss) per common share are calculated by dividing earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements: In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and a subsequent amendment to the standard in March 2016, ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Principal versus Agent Consideration (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net). The original standard provides guidance on recognizing revenue, including a five-step model to determine when revenue recognition is appropriate. The standard requires that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The amendment to the standard clarified implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. Adoption of the new standards was effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption not permitted. The Company has adopted the provisions of this new standard beginning January 1, 2018. The Company functions as the merchant of record and has primary responsibility for providing end-to-end payment processing services for its clients. The customers of the Company contract with the Company for all credit card processing services: including transaction authorization, settlement, dispute resolution, security and risk management solutions, reporting and other value-added services. As such, the Company is the primary obligor in these transactions and is solely responsible for all processing costs, including interchange fees. Further, the Company sets prices as it deems reasonable for each merchant. The gross fees the Company collects are intended to cover the interchange, assessments and other processing fees and include the Company's margin on transactions processed. For these reasons, the Company is the principal obligor in the contractual relationship with its customers and therefore, the Company records its revenues, including interchange and assessments on a gross basis. The Company's existing revenue recognition process remains intact, and the Company will continue to record revenues at the gross amount billed due to the Company's primary responsibility for providing end-to-end payment processing services for its clients.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Restricted Cash, which requires that the reconciliation of the beginning of period and end of period amounts shown in the statement of cash flows include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. If restricted cash is presented separately from cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet, companies are required to reconcile the amounts presented on the statement of cash flows to the amounts on the balance sheet. This guidance was required to be applied retrospectively and was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. As required, the Company applied the provisions of ASU 2016-18 as of January 1, 2018. As a result, the change in restricted cash has been included in the change in cash, cash equivalents, prepaid card load assets and merchant reserves.

Operating Leases Right-of use Assets and Operating Lease Liabilities: In February 2016, the FASB issued, "Leases (Topic 842)." This update requires that a lessee recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with terms of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and liabilities. Similar to previous guidance, the update continues to differentiate between finance leases and operating leases, however this distinction now primarily relates to differences in the manner of expense recognition over time and in the classification of lease payments in the statement of cash flows. The updated guidance leaves the accounting for leases by lessors largely unchanged from existing GAAP. The guidance became effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. As a lessee, this standard primarily impacted the Company's accounting for leased facilities and office equipment, for which the Company recognized right of use assets of $2,688,412 and a corresponding lease liability of $2,775,259 on the Company's consolidated balance sheet on January 1, 2019.

The Company adopted these provisions on January 1, 2019 using the optional transition method that permits the Company to apply the new disclosure requirements in 2019 and continue to present comparative period information as required under FASB ASC Topic 840, "Leases." The Company did not have a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at the date of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which, among other things, allowed it to exclude leases with an initial term of 12 months or less from the right-of-use assets and liabilities. Adoption of the standards had no impact on the Company's results of operations or liquidity.

If the Company determines that an arrangement is or contains a lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use (ROU) asset and lease liability at the commencement date of the lease. ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option. Lease expenses for lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation which expands the scope of current guidance to include all share-based payment arrangements related to the acquisition of goods or services from both non-employees and employees. The guidance is effective for the Company for all fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019. The adoption of the new standard did not result in a change to the previously presented financial statements.

Accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB, the SEC or other standard setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation: Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. A reclassification has been made to the Consolidated Balance Sheet for the year ended December 31, 2018 to identify prepaid card load assets totaling $535,479, previously reported in cash and cash equivalents, and the related prepaid card load obligations previously reported in accrued expenses. This change in classification does not affect previously reported total assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, results of operations in the Consolidated Income Statement, and cash activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2018.