Income taxes

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2021

Major components of tax expense (income) [abstract]

15. Income taxes

(a) The Company has non-capital losses of approximately $33.6 million available to reduce future taxable income, the benefit of which has not been recognized in these consolidated financial statements. At October 31, 2021, the tax losses expire as follows:

		Canada		Other foreign		Total
2026	$	1,939,567	$	-	$	1,939,567
2027		1,631,024		-		1,631,024
2028		-		-		-
2029		1,671,583		143,221		1,814,804
2030		2,255,401		1,880,897		4,136,298
2031		1,358,809		18,526		1,377,335
2032		1,505,914		325,793		1,831,707
2033		1,825,316		157,463		1,982,779
2034		2,640,613		679,089		3,319,702
2035		2,984,122		570,901		3,555,023
2036		3,502,035		441,019		3,943,054
2037		2,803,481		232,719		3,036,200
2038		1,895,257		317		1,895,574
2039		1,695,389		-		1,695,389
2040		531,199		-		531,199
2041		989,523		-		989,523
	$	29,229,232	$	4,449,945	$	33,679,177

(b) In addition, the Company has available capital loss carry forwards of approximately $1.3 million to reduce future taxable capital gains, the benefit of which has not been recognized in these consolidated financial statements. Capital losses carry forward indefinitely.

(c) Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

		2021			2020			2019
Non-capital losses and other	$	8,924,982		$	8,232,346		$	8,073,286
Capital losses		178,808			166,316			175,090
Property, equipment, patents and deferred costs		1,794,285			1,666,788			1,668,632
	$	10,898,075		$	10,065,450		$	9,917,008
Deferred tax asset not recognized		(10,898,075	)		(10,065,450	)		(9,917,008	)
	$	-		$	-		$	-

As at October 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company assessed that it is not probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to use deferred income tax assets based on operating losses in prior years; therefore, there are no balances carried in the consolidated statements of financial position for such assets.

(d) The reconciliation of income tax attributed to continuing operations computed at the statutory tax rates to income tax expense is as follows:

		2021			2020			2019
Loss before income taxes	$	(1,012,978	)	$	(1,245,393	)	$	(2,832,864	)
Statutory tax rate		26.50%			26.50%			26.50%
Expected income tax recovery	$	(268,439	)	$	(330,029	)	$	(750,709	)
Non-deductible expenses and other items		80,462			143,550			270,610
Effect of exchange rate on deferred tax assets carried forward and other		(644,649	)		38,037			4,269
Change in deferred tax assets not recognized		832,626			148,442			475,830
	$	-		$	-		$	-