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Convertible debentures
 12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2018
Borrowings [abstract]  
Convertible debentures

10.      Convertible debentures

The Company issues three types of convertible debentures: USD denominated convertible debentures with an equity component, Canadian dollar ("CDN") denominated convertible debentures with an embedded derivative due to variable consideration receivable upon conversion caused by foreign exchange, and USD denominated convertible debentures with an embedded derivative caused by variable conversion prices.

                            Equity component of convertible  
    Convertible debentures     Derivative liabilities     debentures  
    2018     2017     2018     2017     2018     2017  
(a) $  2,419,877   $  2,353,088   $  151,918   $  281,879   $  70,283   $  62,050  
(b)   56,694     135,929     498,198     207,855     -     -  
  $  2,476,571   $  2,489,017   $  650,116   $  489,734   $  70,283   $  62,050  

(a)        USD denominated debentures with equity components and CDN denominated debentures with embedded derivatives

All loan principal amounts are expressed in original currency and all remaining dollar amounts expressed in USD. Convertible debentures outstanding as at October 31, 2018 and 2017:

    USD (equity component)     CDN (embedded derivative)  
    2018     2017     2018     2017  
Loan Principal                        
Opening balance $  730,000   $  836,000   $  2,392,860   $  3,242,514  
Issuance during the year   231,000     2,398,395     1,035,800     2,398,395  
Repayment or conversion   (30,000 )   (2,504,395 )   (1,194,366 )   (3,248,049 )
Outstanding at year-end $  931,000   $  730,000   $  2,234,294   $  2,392,860  
                         
Terms of Loan                        
Annual interest rate   12% - 24%     12% - 24%     12% - 24%     12% - 24%  
Effective annual interest rate   36% - 37%     36%     23% - 398%     27% - 117%  
Conversion price to common shares $ 0.04 - $0.21   $ 0.09 - $0.15   $ 0.05 - $0.15   $ 0.13 - $0.30  
Remaining life (in months)   0 - 7     1 - 3     0 - 7     0 - 6  
                         
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position                        
Carrying value of loan principal $  894,838   $  719,368   $  1,428,616   $  1,587,891  
Interest payable   15,100     -     81,323     45,829  
Convertible debentures $  909,938   $  719,368   $  1,509,939   $  1,633,720  
                         
Derivative liability $  -   $  -   $  151,918   $  281,879  
Equity component $  70,283   $  62,050   $  -   $  -  
                         
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss                        
Accretion expense $  110,469   $  85,531   $  1,652,007   $  1,248,206  
Interest expense $  168,052   $  159,307   $  284,908   $  501,184  
Gain on revaluation of derivative liability $  -   $  -   $  (1,322,507 ) $  (1,521,322 )
Loss on conversion $  -   $  47,630   $  6,261   $  938,621  
Loss (gain) on extinguishment $  2,792   $  -   $  (401,983 ) $  -  
                         
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity                        
Amount of principal converted to common shares $  -   $  106,000   $  19,023   $  1,900,899  
Amount of interest converted to common shares $  -   $  12,025   $  60,634   $  539,009  
                         
Number of common shares issued on conversion of                        
convertible debentures   -     813,057     770,962     19,557,838  
                         
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows                        
Amount of principal repaid in cash $  30,000   $  -   $  632,080   $  149,365  
Amount of interest repaid in cash $  161,424   $  159,307   $  161,506   $  455,355  

(b)      USD denominated debentures with embedded derivatives

During the year ended October 31, 2018, the Company has incurred $40,414 (2017 - $nil) financing costs which primarily consist of early payment penalties and admin fees relating to the convertible debentures.

Convertible debentures outstanding as at October 31, 2018:

    2018  
    (i)     (ii)  
Loan Principal            
Opening balance $  -   $  -  
Issuance during the year   278,600     142,750  
Conversion   (65,000 )   (41,500 )
Outstanding at year-end $  213,600   $  101,250  
             
Terms of Loan            
Annual interest rate   12%     10%  
Effective annual interest rate   4380% - 4932%     3873% - 5658%  
Conversion price to common shares   (i)     (ii)  
Remaining life (in months)   4 - 12     6-8  
             
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position            
Carrying value of loan principal $  772   $  262  
Interest payable   12,973     4,238  
Convertible debentures $  13,745   $  4,500  
             
Derivative liability $  190,274   $  89,328  
             
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss            
Accretion expense $  2,496   $  264  
Interest expense $  11,769   $  4,670  
Loss on revaluation of derivative liability $  8,690   $  16,332  
Loss on conversion $  3,652   $  10,513  
             
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity            
Amount of principal converted to common shares $  65,000   $  41,500  
Amount of interest converted to common shares $  -   $  6,400  
             
Number of common shares issued on conversion of convertible debentures   2,456,707     982,921  
 
(i)

Conversion price defined as 75% multiplied by average of lowest 3 closing stock prices for the 10 trading days prior to conversion date.
   
(ii)

Conversion price defined as 75% multiplied by lowest stock price for the 20 trading days prior to conversion date.
 

(b)    USD denominated debentures with embedded derivatives (continued) Convertible debentures outstanding as at October 31, 2018 and 2017:

    (iii)     (iv)  
    2018     2017     2018     2017  
Loan Principal                        
Opening balance $  100,200   $  100,200   $  343,000   $  418,000  
Issuance during the year   175,800     -     308,000     -  
Conversion   (276,000 )   -     (343,000 )   (75,000 )
Outstanding at year-end $  -   $  100,200   $  308,000   $  343,000  
                         
Terms of Loan                        
Annual interest rate   12%     12%     5%     5%  
Effective annual interest rate   264% - 6002%     118%     160% - 5242%     95% - 98%  
Conversion price to common shares   (iii)     (iii)     (iv)     (iv)  
Remaining life (in months)   N/A     5     1 - 5     10 - 12  
                         
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position                        
Carrying value of loan principal $  -   $  39,630   $  26,755   $  92,265  
Interest payable   -     3,377     11,694     657  
Convertible debentures $  -   $  43,007   $  38,449   $  92,922  
                         
Derivative liability $  -   $  10,871   $  218,596   $  196,984  
                         
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss                        
Accretion expense $  61,453   $  11,095   $  212,655   $  13,269  
Interest expense $  14,816   $  3,377   $  20,563   $  2,377  
Loss (gain) on revaluation of derivative liability $  19,375   $  (38,396 ) $  183,392   $  (55,104 )
Loss on conversion $  43,426   $  -   $  -   $  23,429  
                         
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity                        
Amount of principal converted to common shares $  276,000   $  -   $  343,000   $  -  
Amount of interest converted to common shares $  10,145   $  -   $  12,554   $  -  
Number of common shares issued on conversion of 
convertible debentures		   6,076,094     -     5,934,267     -  
                         
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows                        
Amount of principal repaid in cash $  -   $  -   $  -   $  80,000  
Amount of interest repaid in cash $  -   $  -   $  -   $  1,720  
 
(iii)

Conversion price defined as 80% multiplied by lowest 3 closing stock prices for the 10 trading days prior to conversion date.
   
(iv)

Conversion price defined as 75% multiplied by lowest stock price for the 15 trading days prior to conversion date.

 
(c)

Fair value of derivative liabilities outstanding
   

The fair value of the derivative liabilities is determined in accordance with the Black Scholes and binomial option-pricing models. The underlying assumptions are as follows:
 
  2018   2017
Share price $0.03   $0.12
Exercise price $0.02 - $0.11   $0.09 - $0.23
Volatility factor (based on historical volatility) 168% - 297%   51% - 348%
Risk free interest rate 1.74% - 2.22%   0.89% - 1.31%
Expected life of options (in months) 0 - 12   0 - 12
Expected dividend yield 0%   0%
Foreign exchange rate (as applicable) 1.3142   1.2893
Call value $0.00 - $0.02   $0.00 - $0.13

Volatility was estimated using the historical volatility of the Company's stock prices for common shares.