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Investment Securities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Investment Securities [Abstract]

Investment Securities

Note 2—Investment Securities

The amortized cost, fair values, and unrealized gains and losses of the securities available-for-sale are as follows:

		Amortized				Gross Unrealized
(Dollars in thousands)		Cost				Gains				Losses				Fair Value
As of September 30, 2025
U.S. Government-sponsored securities		$	2,144			$	1			$	15			$	2,130
Mortgage-backed securities⁽¹⁾			758,047				6,599				18,183				746,463
Commercial mortgage-backed obligations⁽¹⁾			1,231				23				-				1,254
Collateralized mortgage obligations⁽¹⁾			21,356				-				479				20,877
Municipal securities			66,465				3,021				-				69,486
Corporate securities			29,529				148				36				29,641
Other			310				-				-				310
Total available-for-sale securities		$	879,082			$	9,792			$	18,713			$	870,161

⁽¹⁾All mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations were issued by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. Government.

		Amortized				Gross Unrealized
(Dollars in thousands)		Cost				Gains				Losses				Fair Value
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Government-sponsored securities		$	2,657			$	4			$	17			$	2,644
Mortgage-backed securities⁽¹⁾			466,302				464				26,908				439,858
Commercial mortgage-backed obligations⁽¹⁾			1,228				-				16				1,212
Collateralized mortgage obligations⁽¹⁾			5,653				-				156				5,497
Corporate securities			14,800				56				-				14,856
Other			352				-				5				347
Total available-for-sale securities		$	490,992			$	524			$	27,102			$	464,414

⁽¹⁾ All mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations were issued by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. Government.

The book values, estimated fair values and unrecognized gains and losses of investments classified as held-to-maturity are as follows:

		Amortized				Gross Unrecognized												Allowance for Credit
(Dollars in thousands)		Cost				Gains				Losses				Fair Value				Losses
As of September 30, 2025
Mortgage-backed securities⁽¹⁾		$	598,870			$	57			$	119,781			$	479,146			$	-
Collateralized mortgage obligations⁽¹⁾			63,635				-				10,634				53,001				-
Municipal securities			72,123				1,071				1,210				71,984				450
Total held-to-maturity securities		$	734,628			$	1,128			$	131,625			$	604,131			$	450

⁽¹⁾ All mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations were issued by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. Government.

		Amortized				Gross Unrecognized												Allowance for Credit
(Dollars in thousands)		Cost				Gains				Losses				Fair Value				Losses
As of December 31, 2024
Mortgage-backed securities⁽¹⁾		$	626,427			$	-			$	143,544			$	482,883			$	-
Collateralized mortgage obligations⁽¹⁾			68,377				-				13,876				54,501				-
Municipal securities			74,639				46				1,116				73,569				450
Total held-to-maturity securities		$	769,443			$	46			$	158,536			$	610,953			$	450

⁽¹⁾ All mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations were issued by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. Government.

The allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities is a contra-asset valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of held-to-maturity securities to present the net amount expected to be collected. Management measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity securities on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. With regard to residential mortgage-backed securities issued by the U.S. government, or agencies thereof, it is expected that the securities will not be settled at prices less than the amortized cost basis of the securities as such securities are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. government. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to securities issued by States and political subdivisions and other held-to-maturity securities, management considers (i) issuer bond ratings, (ii) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (iii) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities, (iv) internal forecasts and (v) whether or not such securities are guaranteed or pre-refunded by the issuers.

Fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes. If a quoted market price or dealer quote is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities.

The following tables show the gross unrealized losses for available-for-sale securities, for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months or 12 months or more:

										September 30, 2025
		Less Than 12 Months								12 Months or More								Total
(Dollars in thousands)		Fair Value				Unrealized Losses				Fair Value				Unrealized Losses				Fair Value				Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Government-sponsored securities		$	798			$	4			$	686			$	11			$	1,484			$	15
Mortgage-backed securities⁽¹⁾			97,156				176				87,979				18,007				185,135				18,183
Collateralized mortgage obligations⁽¹⁾			15,365				340				5,512				139				20,877				479
Corporate securities			4,684				36				-				-				4,684				36
Total available-for-sale securities		$	118,003			$	556			$	94,177			$	18,157			$	212,180			$	18,713

⁽¹⁾ All mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations were issued by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. Government.

										December 31, 2024
		Less Than 12 Months								12 Months or More								Total
(Dollars in thousands)		Fair Value				Unrealized Losses				Fair Value				Unrealized Losses				Fair Value				Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Government-sponsored securities		$	600			$	1			$	888			$	16			$	1,488			$	17
Mortgage-backed securities⁽¹⁾			324,202				5,772				67,319				21,136				391,521				26,908
Commerical mortgage-backed securities⁽¹⁾			1,212				16				-				-				1,212				16
Collateralized mortgage obligations⁽¹⁾			5,043				147				454				9				5,497				156
Corporate securities			347				5				-				-				347				5
Total available-for-sale securities		$	331,404			$	5,941			$	68,661			$	21,161			$	400,065			$	27,102

⁽¹⁾ All mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations were issued by an agency or government sponsored entity of the U.S. Government.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company held 320 available-for-sale securities of which 24 securities were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and 109 securities were in an unrealized loss position for twelve months or more without an allowance for credit losses. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality and because the Company does not have the intent to sell and it is likely that the Company will not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery at maturity, it has been determined that there is no expected credit loss on these securities. Management evaluates the available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, relying primarily on industry analyst reports and observations of market conditions and interest rate fluctuations.

The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses for held-to-maturity securities by major type:

		September 30, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)		Municipal securities				Mortgage-backed securities				Collateralized mortgage obligations				Total
Allowance for credit losses - securities
Beginning balance		$	450			$	-			$	-			$	450
Provision for credit losses			-				-				-				-
Ending balance		$	450			$	-			$	-			$	450

		December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)		Municipal securities				Mortgage-backed securities				Collateralized mortgage obligations				Total
Allowance for credit losses - securities
Beginning balance		$	450			$	-			$	-			$	450
Provision for credit losses			-				-				-				-
Ending balance		$	450			$	-			$	-			$	450

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of investment securities at September 30, 2025 by contractual final maturity are shown in the following table:

		Available-for-Sale								Held-to-Maturity
(Dollars in thousands)		Amortized Cost				Fair Value				Amortized Cost				Fair Value
Securities maturing in:
One year or less		$	5,402			$	5,402			$	1,502			$	1,491
After one year through five years			26,180				26,272				22,886				22,709
After five years through ten years			21,996				22,886				20,324				19,292
After ten years			825,504				815,601				689,916				560,639
Total		$	879,082			$	870,161			$	734,628			$	604,131

Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates, and do not reflect the impact of prepayments or early redemptions that may occur. Expected maturities of mortgage-backed and CMO securities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The Company monitors the credit quality of those held-to-maturity securities not issued by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or government sponsored entities, through the use of credit ratings. Credit ratings are reviewed and updated quarterly. Nonrated municipal investments consist primarily of bonds issued by political subdivisions such as housing authorities and reclamation districts. Nonrated municipal investments are monitored through financial covenants and review of repayment history. As of September 30, 2025, there were no past due principal or interest payments associated with held-to-maturity municipal securities. There were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity.

The following tables summarize the amortized cost of held-to-maturity municipal securities by credit rating as of the dates indicated:

		Held-to-Maturity
		Amortized Cost
(Dollars in thousands)		AAA/AA/A				BBB/BB/B				Not Rated				Total
September 30, 2025

Municipal securities		$	18,590			$	933			$	52,600			$	72,123
Total		$	18,590			$	933			$	52,600			$	72,123

		Held-to-Maturity
		Amortized Cost
(Dollars in thousands)		AAA/AA/A				BBB/BB/B				Not Rated				Total
December 31, 2024

Municipal securities		$	19,022			$	403			$	55,214			$	74,639
Total		$	19,022			$	403			$	55,214			$	74,639

Proceeds from sales and calls of investment securities were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)		Gross Proceeds				Gross Gains				Gross Losses
Nine months ended September 30, 2025		$	925			$	-			$	-
Nine months ended September 30, 2024		$	70,251			$	839			$	96

Pledged Securities

At September 30, 2025, investment securities carried at $688.4 million were pledged to secure public deposits, Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) borrowings, and other government agency deposits as required by law. This amount was $712.5 million at December 31, 2024.