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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2013
Principles of Accounting for Ownership Interests

Principles of Accounting for Ownership Interests

The various interests that ICG acquires in its companies are accounted for under one of three methods: the consolidation method, the equity method and the cost method. The applicable accounting method is generally determined based on ICG’s voting interest in a company.

Consolidation

Consolidation. Companies in which (1) ICG directly or indirectly owns more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities, and (2) other stockholders do not possess the right to affect significant management decisions are generally accounted for under the consolidation method of accounting. Participation of other stockholders in the net assets and in the earnings or losses of a consolidated subsidiary is reflected in the line items “Noncontrolling Interest” in ICG’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and “Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest” in ICG’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Noncontrolling interest adjusts ICG’s consolidated results of operations to reflect only ICG’s share of the earnings or losses of the consolidated subsidiary.

Any changes in ICG’s ownership interest in a consolidated subsidiary, through additional equity issuances by the consolidated subsidiary or from ICG acquiring the shares from existing shareholders, in which ICG maintains control is recognized as an equity transaction, with appropriate adjustments to both ICG’s additional paid-in capital and the corresponding noncontrolling interests. The difference between the carrying amount of ICG’s ownership interest in the company and the underlying net book value of the company after the issuance of stock by the company is reflected as an equity transaction in ICG’s Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity.

An increase in ICG’s ownership interest in a company accounted for under the equity or cost method of accounting in which ICG obtains a controlling financial interest is accounted for as a step acquisition, with an allocation of the purchase price to the fair value of the net assets acquired. In addition, ICG remeasures its previously held ownership interest in a company that was previously not consolidated at the acquisition date fair value; any gain or loss resulting from this remeasurement is recognized in ICG’s Consolidated Statements of Operations at that time. ICG begins to include the financial position and operating results of the newly-consolidated subsidiary in its Consolidated Financial Statements from the date ICG obtains the controlling financial interest in that subsidiary. If control is lost, any retained interest is measured at fair value, and a gain or loss is recognized in ICG’s Consolidated Statements of Operations at that time. In addition, to the extent ICG maintains a smaller equity ownership, the accounting method used for that company is adjusted to the equity or cost method of accounting, as appropriate, for subsequent periods.

Equity Method

Equity Method. Companies that are not consolidated, but over which ICG exercises significant influence, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and are referred to in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements as “equity method companies.” The determination as to whether or not ICG exercises significant influence with respect to a company depends on an evaluation of several factors, including, among others, representation on the company’s board of directors and equity ownership level, which is generally between a 20% and a 50% interest in the voting securities of an equity method company, as well as voting rights associated with ICG’s holdings in common stock, preferred stock and other convertible instruments in that company. ICG’s share of the earnings and/or losses of the company, as well as any adjustments resulting from prior period finalizations of equity income/losses, are reflected in the line item “Equity loss” in ICG’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

An increase in ICG’s ownership interest in an equity method company over which ICG maintains significant influence is accounted for as a step acquisition, with an allocation of the excess purchase price to the fair value of the net assets acquired. A decrease in ICG’s ownership interest in an equity method company over which ICG maintains significant influence is accounted for as a dilution gain or loss in ICG’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and reflects the difference between ICG’s share of the underlying net assets of that company prior to the relevant change in ownership and ICG’s share of the underlying net assets of that company subsequent to the relevant change in ownership.

Cost Method

Cost Method. Companies not accounted for under either the consolidation method or equity method of accounting are accounted for under the cost method of accounting and are referred to in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements as “cost method companies.” ICG’s share of the earnings and/or losses of cost method companies is not included in ICG’s Consolidated Statement of Operations. However, impairment charges related to cost method companies are recognized in ICG’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. If circumstances suggest that the value of a cost method company with respect to which an impairment charge has been made has subsequently recovered, that recovery is not recorded. The carrying values of ICG’s cost method companies are reflected in the line item “Cost method companies” in ICG’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

ICG initially records its carrying value in companies accounted for under the cost method at cost, unless the equity securities of a cost method company have readily determinable fair values based on quoted market prices, in which case the interests are valued at fair value and are classified as marketable securities or some other classification in accordance with guidance for ownership interests in debt and equity securities.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Those estimates include evaluation of ICG’s convertible debt and equity holdings in companies, holdings in marketable securities, asset impairment, revenue recognition, income taxes and commitments and contingencies. Those estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best judgments. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, such as the current economic environment, that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management adjusts those estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate that it is necessary or appropriate to do so. It is reasonably possible that ICG’s accounting estimates with respect to the ultimate recoverability of ICG’s ownership interests in convertible debt and equity holdings, goodwill and the useful lives of intangible assets could change in the near term and that the effect of such changes on ICG’s consolidated financial statements could be material. Management believes the recorded amounts of ownership interests, goodwill, intangible assets and cost method companies were not impaired as of June 30, 2013.

Ownership Interests, Goodwill, Intangibles, Net and Cost Method Investments

Ownership Interests, Goodwill, Intangibles, net and Cost Method Investments

ICG evaluates its carrying value in equity method companies and cost method companies continuously to determine whether an other-than-temporary decline in the fair value of any such company exists and should be recognized. In order to make that determination, ICG considers each such company’s achievement of its business plan objectives and milestones, the fair value of its ownership interest in each such company (which, in the case of any company listed on a public stock exchange, is the quoted stock price of the relevant ownership interest), the financial condition and prospects of each such company, and other relevant factors. The business plan objectives and milestones ICG considers include, among others, those related to financial performance, such as achievement of planned financial results or completion of capital raising activities, and those that are not primarily financial in nature, such as obtaining key business partnerships or the hiring of key employees. Impairment charges are determined by comparing ICG’s carrying value of a company with its estimated fair value. Fair value is determined by using a combination of estimating the cash flows related to the relevant asset, including estimated proceeds on disposition, and an analysis of market price multiples of companies engaged in lines of business similar to the company being evaluated. ICG concluded that the carrying value of its equity and cost method companies was not impaired as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

ICG tests goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently as conditions warrant, and tests intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. ICG concluded that its goodwill and intangible assets were not impaired as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, ICG’s consolidated revenue was primarily attributable to Bolt, GovDelivery, MSDSonline and Procurian (primarily Procurian). During the three months ended June 30, 2012, ICG’s consolidated revenue was attributable to GovDelivery, MSDSonline and Procurian (primarily Procurian). During the six months ended June 30, 2012, ICG’s consolidated revenue was attributable to GovDelivery, MSDSonline and Procurian (primarily Procurian). MSDSonline was acquired on March 30, 2012; because the company’s results of operations for the two-day period from March 30, 2012 through March 31, 2012 were immaterial to ICG, revenue related to MSDSonline is included in ICG’s consolidated revenue beginning on April 1, 2012.

Bolt generates revenue from (1) software licenses, (2) maintenance and support services, (3) professional service fees and (4) insurance commissions. Bolt’s software license revenue derives from licenses of its software products directly to end users and is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of the product has occurred, no significant obligations with regard to implementation remain, the fee is fixed or determinable and collectability is probable; that revenue is recognized ratably over the applicable contract term. Bolt’s maintenance and customer support fees are recognized ratably over the life of maintenance and support contracts, which is typically one year. Bolt’s professional service fees revenue relates to professional services for software licenses that require significant customization, integration and installation; that revenue is recognized ratably over the applicable contract term. Finally, Bolt’s commissions on the premiums from sales of insurance policies are recognized when Bolt has sufficient information to determine the amount that is owed, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to Bolt, and the costs incurred, or to be incurred, with respect to the transaction can be accurately measured.

GovDelivery revenue consists of nonrefundable setup fees and monthly maintenance and hosting fees. These fees generally are deferred and recognized as the services are performed, which is typically over the service term. Costs related to performing setup services are expensed as incurred.

MSDSonline derives revenue from three sources: (1) subscription fees, (2) professional services fees and (3) compliance solutions project fees. The vast majority of MSDSonline’s revenue is derived from subscription fees from customers accessing the company’s database and web-based tools; that revenue is recognized ratably over the applicable contract term, beginning on the contract implementation date. MSDSonline also generates (a) professional services fees from authoring and/or compiling its customers’ online libraries of material safety data sheet documents and indexing those documents for the customers’ use and (b) fees from training and compliance services projects; the revenue derived from those fees is recognized on a percentage of completion basis over the applicable project’s timeline.

Procurian primarily generates revenue from procurement management services. Procurian also generates a portion of its revenue from consulting projects. Procurement management services include services and technology designed to help companies achieve unit cost savings and process efficiencies. Procurian earns fees for transition services, sourcing, category management and transaction management services. Procurian estimates the total contract value (excluding performance bonus fees) under the contractual arrangements it has with its customers and recognizes revenue under those arrangements on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant contract, which approximates the life of the customer relationship. Performance bonus fees are deferred until the contingency is achieved or it is determined from existing data and past experience that the savings will be achieved. The portion of those fees related to the portion of the contract that has been performed are then recognized, and the remaining performance bonus fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the contract, which approximates the life of the customer relationship. Consulting projects are typically engagements in which Procurian negotiates prices from certain suppliers on behalf of its customers in certain categories in which Procurian has sourcing expertise. Under those projects, the customer generally pays a fixed fee for the project (and Procurian may in some cases be eligible to receive a performance bonus). In fixed-fee sourcing arrangements, revenue is recognized on a proportional performance basis, provided that there is no uncertainty as to Procurian’s ability to fulfill its obligations under the contract or other services that are to be rendered under the contract.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share (EPS) is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during a given period. Diluted EPS includes shares, unless anti-dilutive, that would arise from the exercise of stock options and conversion of other convertible securities and is adjusted, if applicable, for the effect on net income (loss) of such transactions. See Note 12, “Net Income (Loss) per Share.”

Escrow Information

Escrow Information

When an interest in one of ICG’s companies is sold, a portion of the sale consideration may be held in escrow primarily to satisfy purchase price adjustments and/or indemnity claims. ICG records gains on escrowed proceeds at the time ICG is entitled to receive such proceeds, the amount is fixed or determinable and realization is assured. As of June 30, 2013, the following amounts related to ICG’s potential proceeds from sales of former consolidated and equity method companies remained in escrow to satisfy potential or ongoing indemnification claims: (1) 11,650 shares of common stock for The Active Network, Inc. (NYSE: ACTV) (“Active”), valued at less than $0.1 million (based on the stock’s June 30, 2013 closing price) related to the sale of StarCite, Inc. (“StarCite”), and (2) $7.9 million of cash related to the sales of InvestorForce and Channel Intelligence. Those outstanding escrows are scheduled to expire at various dates within the next two years, subject to potential indemnity claims pursuant to the terms of the specific sales agreements.

Concentration of Customer Base and Credit Risk

Concentration of Customer Base and Credit Risk

For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, Zurich, a customer of Procurian, represented 14% of ICG’s consolidated revenue. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, Zurich represented 22% and 15% of ICG’s consolidated revenue. Accounts receivable from Zurich as of June 30, 2013 totaled $16.4 million. That accounts receivable balance includes $12.1 million of unbilled accounts receivable for Zurich at June 30, 2013, all of which is expected to be billed in 2013. Accounts receivable from Zurich as of December 31, 2012 totaled $15.8 million, including $12.4 million of unbilled accounts receivable for Zurich as of that date.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, ICG and its companies are involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. ICG does not expect any liability with respect to any legal claims or actions that would materially affect its consolidated financial position or cash flows.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the prior year financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation. The impact of the reclassifications made to prior year amounts are not material and did not affect net income (loss).