10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended August 31, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission File Number 001-08399

WORTHINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ohio	31-1189815
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
200 West Old Wilson Bridge Road, Columbus, Ohio	43085
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(614) 438-3210

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, Without Par Value	WOR	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

On September 29, 2023, the number of common shares, without par value, of the Registrant issued and outstanding was 49,965,441.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Safe Harbor Statement			ii
Part I. Financial Information
	Item 1.	Financial Statements
		Consolidated Balance Sheets – August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023	1
		Consolidated Statements of Earnings – Three months ended August 31, 2023 and 2022	2
		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Three months ended August 31, 2023 and 2022	3
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Three months ended August 31, 2023 and 2022	4
		Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	5
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	32
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	32
Part II. Other Information
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	34
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	34
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities (Not applicable)	35
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures (Not applicable)	35
	Item 5.	Other Information (Not applicable)	35
	Item 6.	Exhibits	36
Signatures			37

i

Safe Harbor Statement

Selected statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”), including, without limitation, in “PART I – Item 2. – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” constitute “forward-looking statements” as that term is used in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”). Forward-looking statements reflect the Company’s current expectations, estimates or projections concerning future results or events. These statements are often identified by the use of forward-looking words or phrases such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “likely,” “estimate,” “project,” “position,” “strategy,” “target,” “aim,” “seek,” “foresee,” or other similar words or phrases. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to:

•the ever-changing effects of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic and the various responses of governmental and nongovernmental authorities thereto (such as fiscal stimulus packages, quarantines, shut downs and other restrictions on travel and commercial, social or other activities) on economies (local, national and international) and markets, and on the Company’s customers, counterparties, employees and third-party service providers;

•future or expected cash positions, liquidity and ability to access financial markets and capital;

•outlook, strategy or business plans;

•the intended separation (the “Separation”) of the Company’s Steel Processing business (“Worthington Steel”) from the Company’s other businesses (“New Worthington”), see “Note A – Basis of Presentation” for additional information related to the Separation;

•the timing and method of the Separation;

•the anticipated benefits of the Separation;

•the expected financial and operational performance of, and future opportunities for, each of the two independent, publicly-traded companies following the Separation;

•the tax treatment of the Separation transaction;

•the leadership of each of the two independent, publicly-traded companies following the Separation;

•future or expected growth, growth potential, forward momentum, performance, competitive position, sales, volumes, cash flows, earnings, margins, balance sheet strengths, debt, financial condition or other financial measures;

•pricing trends for raw materials and finished goods and the impact of pricing changes;

•the risks, uncertainties and impacts, for both the Company’s business and the planned Separation, related to the United Auto Workers (“UAW”) strikes against Ford, General Motors and Stellantis North America (the “Detroit Three automakers”), and the associated impact on companies that supply the Detroit Three automakers, the duration and scope of which are impossible to predict;

•the ability to improve or maintain margins;

•expected demand or demand trends for the Company or its markets;

•additions to product lines and opportunities to participate in new markets;

•expected benefits from transformation and innovation efforts;

•the ability to improve performance and competitive position at the Company’s operations;

•anticipated working capital needs, capital expenditures and asset sales;

•anticipated improvements and efficiencies in costs, operations, sales, inventory management, sourcing and the supply chain and the results thereof;

•projected profitability potential;

•the ability to make acquisitions and the projected timing, results, benefits, costs, charges and expenditures related to acquisitions, joint ventures, headcount reductions and facility dispositions, shutdowns and consolidations;

•projected capacity and the alignment of operations with demand;

•the ability to operate profitably and generate cash in down markets;

•the ability to capture and maintain market share and to develop or take advantage of future opportunities, customer initiatives, new businesses, new products and new markets;

•expectations for Company and customer inventories, jobs and orders;

•expectations for the economy and markets or improvements therein;

•expectations for generating improving and sustainable earnings, earnings potential, margins or shareholder value;

•effects of judicial rulings; and

•other non-historical matters.

ii

Because they are based on beliefs, estimates and assumptions, forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Any number of factors could affect actual results, including, without limitation, those that follow:

•obtaining final approval of the Separation by the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Worthington Industries, Inc. (“Worthington Industries” or “Registrant”);

•the uncertainty of obtaining regulatory approvals in connection with the Separation;

•the ability to satisfy the necessary closing conditions to complete the Separation on a timely basis, or at all;

•the Company’s ability to successfully separate into two independent companies and realize the anticipated benefits of the Separation;

•the effect of conditions in national and worldwide financial markets, including inflation, increases in interest rates and economic recession, and with respect to the ability of financial institutions to provide capital;

•the risks, uncertainties and impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic – the duration, extent and severity of which are impossible to predict, including the possibility of future resurgence in the spread of COVID-19 or variants thereof – and the availability, effectiveness and acceptance of vaccines, and other actual or potential public health emergencies and actions taken by governmental authorities or others in connection therewith;

•the effect of national, regional and global economic conditions generally and within major product markets, including significant economic disruptions from COVID-19, the actions taken in connection therewith and the implementation of related fiscal stimulus packages;

•the impact of tariffs, the adoption of trade restrictions affecting the Company’s products or suppliers, a United States (“U.S.”) withdrawal from or significant renegotiation of trade agreements, the occurrence of trade wars, the closing of border crossings, and other changes in trade regulations or relationships;

•changing commodity prices and/or supply;

•product demand and pricing;

•changes in product mix, product substitution and market acceptance of the Company’s products;

•volatility or fluctuations in the pricing, quality or availability of raw materials (particularly steel), supplies, transportation, utilities, labor and other items required by operations (especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine);

•effects of sourcing and supply chain constraints;

•the outcome of adverse claims experience with respect to workers’ compensation, product recalls or product liability, casualty events or other matters;

•effects of facility closures and the consolidation of operations;

•the effect of financial difficulties, consolidation and other changes within the steel, automotive, construction and other industries in which the Company participates;

•failure to maintain appropriate levels of inventories;

•financial difficulties (including bankruptcy filings) of original equipment manufacturers, end-users and customers, suppliers, joint venture partners and others with whom the Company does business;

•the ability to realize targeted expense reductions from headcount reductions, facility closures and other cost reduction efforts;

•the ability to realize cost savings and operational, sales and sourcing improvements and efficiencies, and other expected benefits from transformation initiatives, on a timely basis;

•the overall success of, and the ability to integrate, newly-acquired businesses and joint ventures, maintain and develop their customers, and achieve synergies and other expected benefits and cost savings therefrom;

•capacity levels and efficiencies, within facilities, within major product markets and within the industries in which the Company participates as a whole;

•the effect of disruption in the business of suppliers, customers, facilities and shipping operations due to adverse weather, casualty events, equipment breakdowns, labor shortages, interruption in utility services, civil unrest, international conflicts (especially in light of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine), terrorist activities, or other causes;

•changes in customer demand, inventories, spending patterns, product choices, and supplier choices;

•risks associated with doing business internationally, including economic, political and social instability (especially in light of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine), foreign currency exchange rate exposure and the acceptance of the Company’s products in global markets;

•the ability to improve and maintain processes and business practices to keep pace with the economic, competitive and technological environment;

iii

•deviation of actual results from estimates and/or assumptions used by the Company in the application of its significant accounting policies;

•the level of imports and import prices in the Company’s markets;

•the impact of environmental laws and regulations or the actions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or similar regulators which increase costs or limit the Company’s ability to use or sell certain products;

•the impact of increasing environmental, greenhouse gas emission and sustainability regulations and considerations;

•the impact of judicial rulings and governmental regulations, both in the U.S. and abroad, including those adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and other governmental agencies as contemplated by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010;

•the effect of healthcare laws in the U.S. and potential changes for such laws, which may increase the Company’s healthcare and other costs and negatively impact the Company’s operations and financial results;

•the effect of tax laws in the U.S. and potential changes for such laws, which may increase the Company’s costs and negatively impact its operations and financial results;

•cyber security risks;

•the effects of privacy and information security laws and standards; and

•other risks described from time to time in the filings of Worthington Industries with the SEC, including those described in “PART I – Item 1A. — Risk Factors” of the Form 10-K of Worthington Industries for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2023 (“2023 Form 10-K”).

The Company notes these factors for investors as contemplated by the PSLRA. It is impossible to predict or identify all potential risk factors. Consequently, you should not consider the foregoing list to be a complete set of all potential risks and uncertainties. Any forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q are based on current information as of the date of this Form 10-Q, and the Company assumes no obligation to correct or update any such statements in the future, except as required by applicable law.

iv

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. – Financial Statements

WORTHINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands)

	(Unaudited)
	August 31,		May 31,
	2023		2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	201,009	$	454,946
Receivables, less allowances of $2,582 and $3,383 at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023, respectively		698,287		692,887
Inventories:
Raw materials		302,626		264,568
Work in process		192,344		183,248
Finished products		177,326		160,152
Total inventories		672,296		607,968
Income taxes receivable		2,593		4,198
Assets held for sale		1,979		3,381
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		115,692		104,957
Total current assets		1,691,856		1,868,337
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates		241,564		252,591
Operating lease assets		97,316		99,967
Goodwill		415,813		414,820
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $116,912 and $112,202 at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023, respectively		310,030		314,226
Other assets		38,245		25,323
Property, plant and equipment:
Land		49,739		49,697
Buildings and improvements		309,752		308,669
Machinery and equipment		1,266,341		1,263,962
Construction in progress		64,414		45,165
Total property, plant and equipment		1,690,246		1,667,493
Less: accumulated depreciation		1,008,378		991,839
Total property, plant and equipment, net		681,868		675,654
Total assets	$	3,476,692	$	3,650,918
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	526,686	$	528,920
Short-term borrowings		-		2,813
Accrued compensation, contributions to employee benefit plans and related taxes		76,960		93,810
Dividends payable		18,603		18,330
Other accrued items		47,899		53,362
Current operating lease liabilities		12,610		12,608
Income taxes payable		35,913		7,451
Current maturities of long-term debt		150,268		264
Total current liabilities		868,939		717,558
Other liabilities		109,840		113,286
Distributions in excess of investment in unconsolidated affiliate		116,377		117,297
Long-term debt		298,083		689,718
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		87,626		89,982
Deferred income taxes, net		93,911		101,449
Total liabilities		1,574,776		1,829,290
Shareholders' equity - controlling interest		1,774,623		1,696,011
Noncontrolling interests		127,293		125,617
Total equity		1,901,916		1,821,628
Total liabilities and equity	$	3,476,692	$	3,650,918

See condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

1

WORTHINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

(In thousands, except per common share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2023			2022
Net sales	$	1,193,256		$	1,408,665
Cost of goods sold		995,767			1,239,291
Gross margin		197,489			169,374
Selling, general and administrative expense		112,348			103,448
Impairment of long-lived assets		1,401			312
Restructuring and other income, net		-			(1,100	)
Separation costs		6,035			-
Operating income		77,705			66,714
Other income (expense):
Miscellaneous income (expense), net		1,011			(5,086	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(1,534	)		-
Interest expense, net		(3,083	)		(8,598	)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates		54,381			31,712
Earnings before income taxes		128,480			84,742
Income tax expense		28,777			19,498
Net earnings		99,703			65,244
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests		3,597			1,162
Net earnings attributable to controlling interest	$	96,106		$	64,082
Basic
Weighted average common shares outstanding		48,842			48,478
Earnings per common share attributable to controlling interest	$	1.97		$	1.32
Diluted
Weighted average common shares outstanding		49,886			49,238
Earnings per common share attributable to controlling interest	$	1.93		$	1.30
Common shares outstanding at end of period		48,951			48,526
Cash dividends declared per share	$	0.32		$	0.31

See condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

2

WORTHINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2023			2022
Net earnings	$	99,703		$	65,244
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation		1,444			(10,100	)
Pension liability adjustment		(3	)		2,939
Cash flow hedges		(6,849	)		(13,301	)
Other comprehensive loss		(5,408	)		(20,462	)
Comprehensive income		94,295			44,782
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		3,597			1,162
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$	90,698		$	43,620

See condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

WORTHINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2023			2022
Operating activities:
Net earnings	$	99,703		$	65,244
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		28,325			28,001
Impairment of long-lived assets		1,401			312
Benefit from deferred income taxes		(5,453	)		(11,056	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		1,534			-
Bad debt expense		(799	)		342
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates, net of distributions		10,225			42,845
Net loss (gain) on sale of assets		105			(769	)
Stock-based compensation		4,516			4,236
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of impact of acquisitions:
Receivables		(8,843	)		37,419
Inventories		(64,327	)		41,167
Accounts payable		278			(101,581	)
Accrued compensation and employee benefits		(12,014	)		(33,868	)
Income taxes payable		28,462			7,329
Other operating items, net		(23,417	)		1,417
Net cash provided by operating activities		59,696			81,038
Investing activities:
Investment in property, plant and equipment		(29,298	)		(21,477	)
Investment in note receivable		(15,000	)		-
Investment in non-marketable equity securities		(40	)		(110	)
Proceeds from sale of assets, net of selling costs		51			11,755
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		-			(56,088	)
Net proceeds from sale of investment in ArtiFlex		-			36,095
Net cash used by investing activities		(44,287	)		(29,825	)
Financing activities:
Net repayments of short-term borrowings		(2,813	)		(32,443	)
Principal payments on long-term obligations		(243,757	)		(137	)
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of tax withholdings		(5,130	)		(3,466	)
Payments to noncontrolling interests		(1,921	)		-
Dividends paid		(15,725	)		(13,884	)
Net cash used by financing activities		(269,346	)		(49,930	)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(253,937	)		1,283
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		454,946			34,485
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	201,009		$	35,768

See condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

WORTHINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC.

CONDENSED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except per common share amounts)

Note A – Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Worthington Industries and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “our,” “us” “Worthington,” or the “Company”). Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

We own controlling interests in the following three operating joint ventures: Spartan Steel Coating, L.L.C. (“Spartan”) (52%); TWB Company, L.L.C. (“TWB”) (55%); and Worthington Samuel Coil Processing LLC (“Samuel”) (63%). We also own a 51% controlling interest in Worthington Specialty Processing (“WSP”), which became a non-operating joint venture on October 31, 2022, when the remaining net assets of WSP were sold. These joint ventures are consolidated with the equity owned by the other joint venture members shown as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated balance sheets, and their portions of net earnings and other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) are shown as net earnings or comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated statements of earnings and consolidated statements of comprehensive income, respectively. Investments in unconsolidated affiliates that we do not control are accounted for using the equity method with our proportionate share of income or loss recognized within equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates (“equity income”) in our consolidated statements of earnings. See further discussion of our unconsolidated affiliates in “Note C – Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates.”

These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature except those which have been disclosed elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements for these interim periods, have been included. Operating results for the first quarter of fiscal 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending May 31, 2024 (“fiscal 2024”). For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our fiscal 2023 Form 10-K.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

The Proposed Separation of the Steel Processing Business

On September 29, 2022, we announced that the Board approved the Separation, a plan to pursue a separation into two independent, publicly-traded companies – one company, Worthington Steel, is expected to be comprised of our Steel Processing operating segment, and the other company, New Worthington, is expected to be comprised of our Consumer Products, Building Products and Sustainable Energy Solutions operating segments. We plan to effect the Separation via a distribution of common shares of Worthington Steel, which is expected to be tax-free to shareholders of Worthington Industries for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Separation transaction is expected to be completed by early calendar 2024, but is subject to certain conditions, including, among other things, general market conditions, finalization of the capital structure of the two companies, completion of steps necessary to qualify the Separation as a tax-free transaction, receipt of regulatory approvals and final approval from the Board.

We have and expect to continue to incur direct and incremental costs in connection with the anticipated Separation, including fees paid to third-party parties for audit, advisory and legal services to effect the Separation, nonrecurring employee-related costs, such as retention bonuses, and nonrecurring functional costs associated with the separation of shared corporate functions. These costs are presented as a separate component of operating expenses as “Separation costs” in our consolidated statement of earnings for the three months ended August 31, 2023, in the amount of $6,035.

Note B – Revenue Recognition

The following table summarizes net sales by operating segment and product class within the Steel Processing operating segment for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Steel Processing
Direct	$	845,363	$	1,002,135
Toll		35,976		36,745
Total		881,339		1,038,880
Consumer Products		149,412		188,703
Building Products		133,868		150,323
Sustainable Energy Solutions		28,637		30,759
Total	$	1,193,256	$	1,408,665

The following table summarizes revenue that has been recognized over time for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Steel Processing - toll	$	35,976	$	36,745

The following table summarizes the unbilled receivables at the dates indicated:

		August 31,		May 31,
(In thousands)	Balance Sheet Classification	2023		2023
Unbilled receivables	Receivables	$	3,513	$	3,708

There were no contract assets at August 31, 2023 or at May 31, 2023.

Note C – Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates

Investments in affiliated companies that we do not control, either through majority ownership or otherwise, are accounted for using the equity method and included the following at August 31, 2023: Clarkwestern Dietrich Building Systems LLC (“ClarkDietrich”) (25%); Serviacero Planos, S. de R. L. de C.V. (“Serviacero Worthington”) (50%); Taxi Workhorse Holdings, LLC (“Workhorse”) (20%); and Worthington Armstrong Venture (“WAVE”) (50%).

We also held a 50% noncontrolling equity interest in ArtiFlex Manufacturing, LLC (“ArtiFlex”), on a historical basis, through August 3, 2022, when it was purchased by the unrelated joint venture partner. In connection with this transaction, we received net cash proceeds of approximately $36,095 and realized a pre-tax loss of $15,759 within equity income, representing the amount by which the book value of our investment exceeded the net cash proceeds.

We received distributions from unconsolidated affiliates totaling $64,606 during the three months ended August 31, 2023. We have received cumulative distributions from WAVE in excess of our investment balance amounting to $116,377 and $117,297, respectively, at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023, which are presented separately within long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. In accordance with the applicable accounting guidance, we have reclassified the negative investment balance to the liabilities section of our consolidated balance sheets. We will continue to record our equity in the net income of WAVE as a debit to the investment account, and if the investment balance becomes positive, it will again be shown as an asset on our consolidated balance sheets. If it becomes probable that any excess distribution may not be returned (upon joint venture liquidation or otherwise), we will recognize any negative investment balance classified as a liability as income immediately.

We use the “cumulative earnings” approach for determining cash flow presentation of distributions from our unconsolidated joint ventures. Distributions received are included in our consolidated statements of cash flows as operating activities, unless the cumulative distributions exceed our portion of the cumulative equity in the net earnings of the joint venture, in which case the excess distributions are deemed to be returns of the investment and are classified as investing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

6

The following tables summarize combined financial information for our unconsolidated affiliates as of the dates, and for the periods presented:

	August 31,		May 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	45,766	$	49,185
Other current assets		862,913		899,913
Noncurrent assets		390,681		394,468
Total assets	$	1,299,360	$	1,343,566
Current liabilities		309,692		247,796
Current maturities of long-term debt		32,151		36,936
Long-term debt		348,269		349,215
Other noncurrent liabilities		141,328		144,649
Equity		467,920		564,970
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,299,360	$	1,343,566

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Net sales	$	720,433	$	823,942
Gross margin		194,308		181,405
Operating income		149,409		137,827
Depreciation and amortization		8,643		8,188
Interest expense		5,739		2,680
Income tax expense		1,646		2,110
Net earnings		143,566		133,238

7

Note D – Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

During the first quarter of fiscal 2023, we committed to plans to liquidate certain fixed assets at our Samuel joint venture’s toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio. In accordance with the applicable accounting guidance, the net assets were recorded at the lower of net book value or fair market value less costs to sell resulting in a pre-tax impairment charge of $312.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, we lowered our estimate of fair value less costs to sell to reflect the expected scrap value of the equipment, or $150, resulting in a pre-tax impairment charge of $1,401.

Note E – Restructuring and Other Income, Net

We consider restructuring activities to be programs whereby we fundamentally change our operations, such as divestitures, closing or consolidating facilities, employee severance (including rationalizing headcount or other significant changes in personnel), and realignment of existing operations (including changes to management structure in response to underlying performance and/or changing market conditions).

We made severance payments associated with a prior restructuring initiative within Building Products totaling $135 during the three months ended August 31, 2023. As a result, there were no liabilities associated with our restructuring activities at August 31, 2023.

Restructuring and other income, net in the prior year quarter of $1,100 resulted primarily from the sale of the remaining real property of our former oil & gas equipment business on June 14, 2022, for net cash proceeds of $5,775.

Note F – Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

Legal Proceedings

We are defendants in certain legal actions. In the opinion of management, the outcome of these actions, which is not clearly determinable at the present time, would not significantly affect our consolidated financial position or future results of operations. We also believe that environmental issues will not have a material effect on our capital expenditures, consolidated financial position or future results of operations.

Note G – Guarantees

We do not have guarantees that we believe are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our consolidated financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. However, at August 31, 2023 we were party to an operating lease for an aircraft in which we have guaranteed a residual value at the termination of the lease, which ends on March 30, 2028. The maximum obligation under the terms of this guarantee was approximately $16,491 at August 31, 2023. Based on current facts and circumstances, we have estimated the likelihood of payment pursuant to this guarantee is not probable and, therefore, no amount has been recognized in our consolidated financial statements.

At August 31, 2023, we also had in place $12,137 of outstanding stand-by letters of credit issued to third-party service providers. The fair value of these guarantee instruments, based on premiums paid, was not material and no amounts were drawn against them at August 31, 2023.

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Note H – Debt and Receivables Securitization

The following table summarizes our long-term debt and short-term borrowings outstanding at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023:

	August 31,			May 31,
(In thousands)	2023			2023
Short-term borrowings	$	-		$	2,813
4.60% senior notes due August 10, 2024		150,000			150,000
4.55% senior notes due April 15, 2026		-			243,623
4.30% senior notes due August 1, 2032		200,000			200,000
1.56% Series A senior note due August 23, 2031		39,791			39,226
1.90% Series B senior notes due August 23, 2034		59,634			58,786
Other		401			528
Total debt		449,826			694,976
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs		(1,475	)		(2,181	)
Total debt, net		448,351			692,795
Less: current maturities and short-term borrowings		150,268			3,077
Total long-term debt	$	298,083		$	689,718

Maturities of long-term debt and short-term borrowings in the current fiscal year and next four fiscal years thereafter, are as follows:

(In thousands)
2024	$	133
2025		150,268
2026		-
2027		-
2028		-
Thereafter		299,425
Total	$	449,826

Long-Term Debt

On April 15, 2014, we issued senior unsecured notes in the principal amount of $250,000, which bear interest at a rate of 4.55% and are scheduled to mature on April 15, 2026 (the “2026 Notes”). During fiscal 2023, we purchased approximately $6,377 of principal amount of the 2026 Notes in open market transactions, leaving $243,623 within long-term debt at May 31, 2023. On June 29, 2023, we notified the trustee under the indenture to which the 2026 Notes are subject that we had elected to redeem in full the 2026 Notes. On July 28, 2023, we redeemed, in full, the 2026 Notes at a price that approximated the par value of the debt of $243,623. In connection with the debt redemption, we recognized a non-cash loss of $1,534 related primarily to unamortized debt issuance costs and amounts deferred in AOCI associated with an interest rate swap executed prior to the issuance of the 2026 Notes.

Other Financing Arrangements

We maintain a $500,000 multi-year revolving credit facility scheduled to mature on August 20, 2026 (the “Credit Facility”) with a group of lenders. Borrowings under the Credit Facility have maturities of up to one year. We have the option to borrow at rates equal to an applicable margin over the Simple SOFR Rate, the Prime Rate of PNC Bank, National Association or the Overnight Bank Funding Rate. The applicable margin is determined by our credit rating. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility at August 31, 2023, leaving $500,000 available for future use.

On May 19, 2022, we entered into a 5-year revolving trade accounts receivable securitization facility (“AR Facility”) that allowed for short-term borrowings of up to $175,000 through the factoring and subsequent sale, on a revolving basis, of eligible accounts receivable of certain of our subsidiaries to Worthington Receivables Company, LLC, a wholly-owned, consolidated, bankruptcy-remote indirect subsidiary. On June 29, 2023, we elected to terminate the AR Facility. No early termination or other similar fees or penalties were paid in connection with the termination.

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Note I – Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the tax effects on each component of OCI for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31, 2023									August 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Before-Tax			Tax			Net-of-Tax			Before-Tax			Tax			Net-of-Tax
Foreign currency translation	$	1,326		$	118		$	1,444		$	(9,519	)	$	(581	)	$	(10,100	)
Pension liability adjustment		-			(3	)		(3	)		3,725			(786	)		2,939
Cash flow hedges		(8,811	)		1,962			(6,849	)		(17,097	)		3,796			(13,301	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(7,485	)	$	2,077		$	(5,408	)	$	(22,891	)	$	2,429		$	(20,462	)

Note J – Changes in Equity

The following tables summarize the changes in equity by component and in total for the periods presented:

	Controlling Interest
				Accumulated
				Other
	Additional			Comprehensive									Non-
	Paid-in			Income (Loss),			Retained						controlling
(In thousands)	Capital			Net of Tax			Earnings			Subtotal			Interests			Total
Balance at May 31, 2023	$	290,799		$	(23,179	)	$	1,428,391		$	1,696,011		$	125,617		$	1,821,628
Net earnings		-			-			96,106			96,106			3,597			99,703
Other comprehensive loss		-			(5,408	)		-			(5,408	)		-			(5,408	)
Common shares issued, net of withholding tax		(5,130	)		-			-			(5,130	)		-			(5,130	)
Common shares in non-qualified plans		130			-			-			130			-			130
Stock-based compensation		8,995			-			-			8,995			-			8,995
Cash dividends declared		-			-			(16,081	)		(16,081	)		-			(16,081	)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests		-			-			-			-			(1,921	)		(1,921	)
Balance at August 31, 2023	$	294,794		$	(28,587	)	$	1,508,416		$	1,774,623		$	127,293		$	1,901,916

	Controlling Interest
				Accumulated
				Other
	Additional			Comprehensive									Non-
	Paid-in			Income (Loss),			Retained						controlling
(In thousands)	Capital			Net of Tax			Earnings			Subtotal			Interests		Total
Balance at May 31, 2022	$	273,439		$	(22,850	)	$	1,230,163		$	1,480,752		$	133,210	$	1,613,962
Net earnings		-			-			64,082			64,082			1,162		65,244
Other comprehensive loss		-			(20,462	)		-			(20,462	)		-		(20,462	)
Common shares issued, net of withholding tax		(3,466	)		-			-			(3,466	)		-		(3,466	)
Common shares in non-qualified plans		136			-			-			136			-		136
Stock-based compensation		6,976			-			-			6,976			-		6,976
Cash dividends declared		-			-			(15,418	)		(15,418	)		-		(15,418	)
Balance at August 31, 2022	$	277,085		$	(43,312	)	$	1,278,827		$	1,512,600		$	134,372	$	1,646,972

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated OCI for the periods presented:

										Accumulated
	Foreign			Pension						Other
	Currency			Liability			Cash Flow			Comprehensive
(In thousands)	Translation			Adjustment			Hedges			Loss
Balance at May 31, 2023	$	(22,123	)	$	(1,730	)	$	674		$	(23,179	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		1,326			-			(2,038	)		(712	)
Reclassification adjustments to net earnings (a)		-			-			(6,773	)		(6,773	)
Income tax effect		118			(3	)		1,962			2,077
Balance at August 31, 2023	$	(20,679	)	$	(1,733	)	$	(6,175	)	$	(28,587	)

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										Accumulated
	Foreign			Pension						Other
	Currency			Liability			Cash Flow			Comprehensive
(In thousands)	Translation			Adjustment			Hedges			Loss
Balance at May 31, 2022	$	(15,310	)	$	(6,244	)	$	(1,296	)	$	(22,850	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		(9,519	)		(1,049	)		(14,207	)		(24,775	)
Reclassification adjustments to net earnings (a)(b)		-			4,774			(2,890	)		1,884
Income tax effect		(581	)		(786	)		3,796			2,429
Balance at August 31, 2022	$	(25,410	)	$	(3,305	)	$	(14,597	)	$	(43,312	)

The consolidated statement of earnings classification of amounts reclassified to net income include:

(a)Cash flow hedges – See the disclosure in “Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities;” and

(b)Pension liability adjustment – Reflects a non-cash settlement charge of $4,774 recognized in connection with a pension lift-out transaction completed in August 2022 for The Gerstenslager Company Bargaining Unit Employees’ Pension Plan.

Note K – Stock-Based Compensation

Non-Qualified Stock Options

During the three months ended August 31, 2023, we granted non-qualified stock options covering a total of 54 common shares, no par value, of Worthington Industries (the “common shares”) under our stock-based compensation plans. The exercise price of $69.47 per share was equal to the market price of the underlying common shares on the grant date. The fair value of these non-qualified stock options, based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, calculated at the grant date, was $25.95 per share. The calculated pre-tax stock-based compensation expense for these non-qualified stock options was $1,401 and will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the three-year vesting period, net of any forfeitures. The following assumptions were used to value these non-qualified stock options:

Dividend yield	2.39	%
Expected volatility	43.00	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.05	%
Expected term (years)	6.0

Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the common shares and the risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury strip rate for the expected term of the non-qualified stock options. The expected term was developed using historical exercise experience.

Service-Based Restricted Common Shares

During the three months ended August 31, 2023, we granted an aggregate of 97 service-based restricted common shares under our stock-based compensation plans, which cliff vest three years from the grant date. The fair value of these restricted common shares was equal to the weighted average closing market price of the underlying common shares on the date of grant, or $69.62 per share. The calculated pre-tax stock-based compensation expense for these restricted common shares was $6,757 and will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the three-year service-based vesting period, net of any forfeitures.

Performance Share Awards

We have awarded performance shares to certain key employees under our stock-based compensation plans. These performance shares are earned based on the level of achievement with respect to corporate targets for cumulative corporate economic value added, earnings per share growth and, in the case of business unit executives, a business unit adjusted earnings before interest and taxes (“adjusted EBIT”) target, in each case for the three-year periods ending May 31, 2024, 2025 and 2026. These performance share awards will be paid, to the extent earned, in common shares in the fiscal quarter following the end of the applicable three-year performance period. The fair values of our performance shares are determined by the closing market prices of the underlying common shares at the respective grant dates of the performance shares and the pre-tax stock-based compensation expense is based on our periodic assessment of the probability of the targets being achieved and our estimate of the number of common shares that will ultimately be issued. During the three months ended August 31, 2023, we granted performance share awards covering an aggregate of 47 common shares (at target levels). The calculated pre-tax stock-based compensation expense for these performance shares is $3,235 (at target levels). The ultimate pre-tax stock-based compensation expense to be recognized over the three-year performance period on all tranches will vary based on our periodic assessment of the probability of the targets being achieved.

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Note L – Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three months ended August 31, 2023 and 2022 reflected estimated annual effective income tax rates of 23.3% and 23.9%, respectively, and excluded any impact from the inclusion of net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated statements of earnings. Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests are primarily a result of our WSP, Spartan, Samuel and TWB consolidated joint ventures. The net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interests in WSP, Spartan, Samuel and TWB’s U.S. operations do not generate tax expense to us since the investors in WSP, Spartan, Samuel and TWB’s U.S. operations are taxed directly based on the earnings attributable to them. The tax expense of TWB’s wholly-owned foreign corporations is reported in our consolidated income tax expense. Management is required to estimate the annual effective income tax rate based upon its forecast of annual pre-tax income for domestic and foreign operations. Our actual effective income tax rate for fiscal 2024 could be materially different from the forecasted rate as of August 31, 2023.

Note M – Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to controlling interest for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In thousands, except per common share amounts)	2023		2022
Numerator (basic & diluted):
Net earnings attributable to controlling interest -
income available to common shareholders	$	96,106	$	64,082
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share attributable to
controlling interest – weighted average common shares		48,842		48,478
Effect of dilutive securities		1,044		760
Denominator for diluted earnings per share attributable to
controlling interest – adjusted weighted average common shares		49,886		49,238
Basic earnings per common share attributable to controlling interest	$	1.97	$	1.32
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to controlling interest	$	1.93	$	1.30

Stock options covering 37 and 117 common shares for the three months ended August 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, have been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive for those periods.

Note N – Segment Operations

We are an industrial manufacturing company focused on value-added steel processing and manufactured consumer, building, and sustainable mobility products. Our operations are managed principally on a products and services basis and organized under four operating segments: Steel Processing, Consumer Products, Building Products, and Sustainable Energy Solutions. As none of our operating segments have been aggregated for segment reporting purposes, they correspond with our reportable segments. Segment information is prepared on the same basis that our CODM reviews financial information for operational decision-making purposes. Factors used to identify operating segments include the nature of the products and services provided by each business, the management reporting structure, the similarity of economic characteristics and certain quantitative measures, as prescribed by authoritative accounting guidance.

We have identified our Chief Executive Officer as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), as defined in the accounting literature. Our CODM assesses segment operating performance and allocates resources based on the profitability measure of adjusted EBIT. Adjusted EBIT excludes impairment and restructuring expense (income), but may also exclude other items, as described in the tables below, that management believes are not reflective of, and thus should not be included when evaluating the performance of our ongoing operations. Adjusted EBIT is a non-GAAP financial measure and is used by management to evaluate operating segment performance, engage in financial and operational planning and determine incentive compensation.

Impairment charges are excluded from adjusted EBIT because they do not occur in the ordinary course of our ongoing business operations, are inherently unpredictable in timing and amount, and are non-cash, so their exclusion facilitates the comparison of historical, current and forecasted financial results.

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Restructuring activities consist of established programs that are not part of our ongoing operations, such as divestitures, closing or consolidating facilities, employee severance (including rationalizing headcount or other significant changes in personnel), and realignment of existing operations (including changes to management structure in response to underlying performance and/or changing market conditions).

The following table presents summarized financial information for our reportable segments for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended August 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Steel Processing		Consumer Products		Building Products		Sustainable Energy Solutions			Other			Consolidated
Net sales	$	881,339	$	149,412	$	133,868	$	28,637		$	-		$	1,193,256
Impairment of long-lived assets		1,401		-		-		-			-			1,401
Separation costs		-		-		-		-			6,035			6,035
Miscellaneous income (expense), net		712		31		57		281			(70	)		1,011
Loss on extinguishment of debt		-		-		-		-			1,534			1,534
Equity income		8,957		-		45,043		-			381			54,381
Adjusted EBIT (1)		78,002		8,991		54,016		(4,722	)		132			136,419

(1)Excludes the following:

•Impairment of long-lived assets resulted from a revision of the estimated fair value, less selling costs of certain production equipment at our consolidated Samuel joint venture that has been classified as held for sale since August 2022;

•Separation costs reflect direct and incremental costs in connection with the anticipated Separation and are held at the corporate level. These costs include fees paid to third-party parties for audit, advisory and legal services to effect the Separation, nonrecurring employee-related costs, such as retention bonuses, and nonrecurring functional costs associated with the separation of shared corporate functions;

•Loss on extinguishment of debt resulted from the redemption of the 2026 Notes, in full, on July 28, 2023, and consisted primarily unamortized debt issuance costs and the remaining loss deferred in AOCI associated with an interest rate swap executed prior to the issuance of the 2026 Notes; and

•Noncontrolling interest portion of impairment of long-lived assets of $517 within Steel Processing.

	Three Months Ended August 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Steel Processing		Consumer Products			Building Products		Sustainable Energy Solutions			Other			Consolidated
Net sales	$	1,038,880	$	188,703		$	150,323	$	30,759		$	-		$	1,408,665
Impairment of long-lived assets		312		-			-		-			-			312
Restructuring and other expense (income), net		78		-			-		-			(1,178	)		(1,100	)
Miscellaneous income, net		184		(35	)		222		(86	)		(5,371	)		(5,086	)
Equity income		1,770		-			43,866		-			(13,924	)		31,712
Adjusted EBIT (2)		34,913		20,934			52,734		(1,393	)		5,145			112,333

(2)Excludes the following:

•Impairment of long-lived assets resulted from the reclassification of the net assets of the Samuel toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio, to assets held for sale during August 2022;

•Restructuring and other income, net was driven primarily by a gain on the sale of the remaining real property of our former oil & gas equipment business on June 14, 2022;

•A non-cash settlement charge of $4,774 in miscellaneous income (expense), net within Other related to the pension lift-out transaction associated with the Gerstenslager Company Bargaining Unit Employees’ Pension Plan;

•A loss of $15,759 within equity income related to the August 31, 2022, sale of our 50% noncontrolling interest in ArtiFlex;

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•Incremental compensation expense of $525 within Consumer Products related to the Level5 earnout agreement; and

•Noncontrolling interest portion of impairment of long-lived assets of $115 within Steel Processing

Total assets for each of our reportable segments at the dates indicated were as follows:

	August 31,		May 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2023
Total assets
Steel Processing	$	1,786,067	$	1,758,981
Consumer Products		615,223		615,430
Building Products		619,794		635,650
Sustainable Energy Solutions		139,147		129,872
Other		316,461		510,985
Total assets	$	3,476,692	$	3,650,918

Note O – Acquisitions

Level5 Tools, LLC

On June 2, 2022, we acquired Level5, a leading provider of drywall tools and related accessories. The total purchase price was $59,321, including $2,000 attributed to an earnout agreement with the selling shareholders, that provides for up to an additional $25,000 of cash consideration should certain earnings targets be met annually through calendar year 2024. The earnout agreement also requires continued employment of a selling shareholder during the duration of the earnout period. Accordingly, payments to this key employee, to the extent earned, will be accounted for as post-combination compensation expense. As of August 31, 2023, no amounts were accrued as compensation expense for anticipated payments under the second earnout period ending December 31, 2023.

Level5 is being operated as part of the Consumer Products operating segment and its results have been included in our consolidated statements of earnings since the date of acquisition. Proforma results, including the acquired business since the beginning of fiscal 2022, would not be materially different from the reported results.

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized at their estimated acquisition-date fair values, with goodwill representing the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired. In connection with the acquisition of Level5, we identified and valued the following intangible assets:

(In thousands)
Category	Amount		Useful Life (Years)
Trade name	$	13,500	Indefinite
Customer relationships		13,300	10
Technological know-how		6,500	20
Non-compete agreement		280	3
Total acquired identifiable intangible assets	$	33,580

The purchase price includes the fair values of other assets that were not identifiable, not separately recognizable under accounting rules (e.g., assembled workforce) or of immaterial value. The purchase price also includes strategic and synergistic benefits (investment value) specific to us, which resulted in a purchase price in excess of the fair value of the identifiable net assets. This additional investment value resulted in goodwill which will be deductible for income tax purposes.

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The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the final fair value assigned to the assets and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date.

(In thousands)	Preliminary Valuation			Measurement Period Adjustments			Final Valuation
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,515		$	-		$	1,515
Accounts receivable		2,860			-			2,860
Inventories		9,161			-			9,161
Prepaid expenses		64			-			64
Property, plant and equipment		273			-			273
Intangible assets		33,580			-			33,580
Operating lease assets		377			-			377
Total identifiable assets		47,830			-			47,830
Accounts payable		(3,175	)		-			(3,175	)
Accrued expenses		(904	)		151			(753	)
Current operating lease liabilities		(111	)		-			(111	)
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		(266	)		-			(266	)
Net identifiable assets		43,374			151			43,525
Goodwill		15,947			-			15,947
Total purchase price		59,321			151			59,472
Less: Fair value of earnout		(2,000	)		-			(2,000	)
Plus: Net working capital deficit		282			(151	)		131
Cash purchase price	$	57,603		$	-		$	57,603

Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

We utilize derivative financial instruments to primarily manage exposure to certain risks related to our ongoing operations. The primary risks managed through the use of derivative financial instruments include interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price risk. While certain of our derivative financial instruments are designated as hedging instruments, we also enter into derivative financial instruments that are designed to hedge a risk, but are not designated as hedging instruments and, therefore, do not qualify for hedge accounting. These derivative financial instruments are adjusted to current fair value through earnings at the end of each period.

Interest Rate Risk Management – We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes. Our objective is to manage the impact of interest rate changes on cash flows and the market value of our borrowings. We utilize a mix of debt maturities along with both fixed-rate and variable-rate debt to manage changes in interest rates. In addition, we enter into interest rate swaps and treasury locks to further manage our exposure to interest rate variations related to our borrowings and to lower our overall borrowing costs.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Management – We conduct business in several major international currencies and are, therefore, subject to risks associated with changing foreign currency exchange rates. We enter into various contracts that change in value as foreign currency exchange rates change to manage this exposure. Such contracts limit exposure to both favorable and unfavorable currency exchange rate fluctuations. The translation of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars also subjects us to exposure related to fluctuating currency exchange rates; however, derivative financial instruments are not used to manage this risk.

Commodity Price Risk Management – We are exposed to changes in the price of certain commodities, including steel, natural gas, copper, zinc and other raw materials, and our utility requirements. Our objective is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility associated with forecasted purchases and sales of these commodities to allow management to focus its attention on business operations. Accordingly, we enter into derivative financial instruments to manage the associated price risk.

We are exposed to counterparty credit risk on all of our derivative financial instruments. Accordingly, we have established and maintain strict counterparty credit guidelines. We have credit support agreements in place with certain counterparties to limit our credit exposure. These agreements require either party to post cash collateral if its cumulative market position exceeds a predefined liability threshold. Amounts posted to the margin accounts accrue interest at market rates and are required to be refunded in the period in which the cumulative market position falls below the required threshold. We do not have significant exposure to any one counterparty, and management believes the overall risk of loss is remote and, in any event, would not be material.

15

Refer to “Note Q – Fair Value” for additional information regarding the accounting treatment for our derivative financial instruments, as well as how fair value is determined.

The following table summarizes the fair value of our derivative financial instruments and the respective lines in which they were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at August 31, 2023:

	Asset Derivatives			Liability Derivatives
	Balance			Balance
	Sheet	Fair		Sheet	Fair
(In thousands)	Location	Value		Location	Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables	$	80	Accounts payable	$	9,490
	Other assets		176	Other liabilities		-
			256			9,490
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Receivables		-	Accounts payable		63
			-			63
Subtotals		$	256		$	9,553
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables	$	976	Accounts payable	$	3,320
	Other assets		-	Other liabilities		20
Subtotals			976			3,340
Total derivative financial instruments		$	1,232		$	12,893

The amounts in the table above reflect the fair value of our derivative financial instruments on a net basis where allowable under master netting arrangements. Had these amounts been recognized on a gross basis, the impact would have been a $3,791 increase in receivables with a corresponding increase in accounts payable.

The following table summarizes the fair value of our derivative financial instruments and the respective lines in which they were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at May 31, 2023:

	Asset Derivatives			Liability Derivatives
	Balance			Balance
	Sheet	Fair		Sheet	Fair
(In thousands)	Location	Value		Location	Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables	$	20	Accounts payable	$	6,749
	Other assets		51	Other liabilities		379
			71			7,128
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Receivables		-	Accounts payable		33
			-			33
Subtotals		$	71		$	7,161
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables	$	2,539	Accounts payable	$	8,604
	Other assets		-	Other liabilities		35
Subtotals			2,539			8,639
Total derivative financial instruments		$	2,610		$	15,800

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The amounts in the table above reflect the fair value of our derivative financial instruments on a net basis where allowable under master netting arrangements. Had these amounts been recognized on a gross basis, the impact would have been a $7,576 increase in receivables with a corresponding increase in accounts payable.

Cash Flow Hedges

We enter into derivative financial instruments to hedge our exposure to changes in cash flows attributable to commodity price fluctuations associated with certain forecasted transactions. These derivative financial instruments are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. The earnings effects of these derivative financial instruments are presented in the same statement of earnings line items as the earnings effects of the hedged items. For derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges, we assess hedge effectiveness both at the onset of the hedge and at regular intervals throughout the life of the derivative financial instruments.

The following table summarizes our cash flow hedges outstanding at August 31, 2023:

	Notional
(In thousands)	Amount		Maturity Date
Commodity contracts	$	63,431	September 2023 - December 2024
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	2,494	September 2023 - November 2023

The following table summarizes the gain (loss) recognized in OCI and the gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into net earnings for derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges for the periods presented:

(In thousands)	Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI			Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Earnings	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Earnings
For the three months ended August 31, 2023:
Commodity contracts	$	(2,061	)	Cost of goods sold	$	7,330
Interest rate contracts		-		Loss on extinguishment of debt		(641	)
Interest rate contracts		-		Interest expense, net		31
Foreign currency exchange contracts		23		Net sales/Cost of goods sold		53
Total	$	(2,038	)		$	6,773
For the three months ended August 31, 2022:
Commodity contracts	$	(14,045	)	Cost of goods sold	$	2,869
Interest rate contracts		-		Interest expense		(7	)
Foreign currency exchange contracts		(162	)	Miscellaneous income, net		28
Total	$	(14,207	)		$	2,890

The estimated net amount of the losses recognized in AOCI at August 31, 2023 expected to be reclassified into net earnings within the succeeding twelve months is $7,750 (net of tax of $2,182). This amount was computed using the fair value of the cash flow hedges at August 31, 2023, and will change before actual reclassification from OCI to net earnings during the fiscal years ending May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2025.

Economic (Non-designated) Hedges

We enter into foreign currency exchange contracts to manage our foreign currency exchange rate exposure related to inter-company and financing transactions that do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting treatment. We also enter into certain commodity contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Accordingly, these derivative financial instruments are adjusted to current market value at the end of each period through gain (loss) recognized in earnings.

The following table summarizes our economic (non-designated) derivative financial instruments outstanding at August 31, 2023:

	Notional
(In thousands)	Amount		Maturity Date(s)
Commodity contracts	$	13,619	September 2023 - December 2024

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The following table summarizes the gain (loss) recognized in earnings for economic (non-designated) derivative financial instruments for the periods presented:

		Loss Recognized
		In Earnings for the
	Location of Loss	Three Months Ended August 31,
(In thousands)	Recognized in Earnings	2023			2022
Commodity contracts	Cost of goods sold	$	(1,019	)	$	(1,577	)

Note Q – Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is an exit price concept that assumes an orderly transaction between willing market participants and is required to be based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Current accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy as a basis for considering such assumptions and for classifying the inputs used in the valuation methodologies. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair values are as follows:

Level 1 – Observable prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets and liabilities, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

At August 31, 2023, our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

			Significant
	Quoted Prices		Other		Significant
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Totals
Assets
Derivative financial instruments (1)	$	-	$	1,232	$	-	$	1,232
Total assets	$	-	$	1,232	$	-	$	1,232
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments (1)	$	-	$	12,893	$	-	$	12,893
Total liabilities	$	-	$	12,893	$	-	$	12,893

(1)The fair value of our derivative financial instruments is based on the present value of the expected future cash flows considering the risks involved, including non-performance risk, and using discount rates appropriate for the respective maturities. Market observable, Level 2 inputs are used to determine the present value of the expected future cash flows. Refer to “Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities” for additional information regarding our use of derivative financial instruments.

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At May 31, 2023, our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

			Significant
	Quoted Prices		Other		Significant
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Totals
Assets
Derivative financial instruments (1)	$	-	$	2,610	$	-	$	2,610
Total assets	$	-	$	2,610	$	-	$	2,610
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments (1)	$	-	$	15,800	$	-	$	15,800
Total liabilities	$	-	$	15,800	$	-	$	15,800

(1)The fair value of our derivative financial instruments is based on the present value of the expected future cash flows considering the risks involved, including non-performance risk, and using discount rates appropriate for the respective maturities. Market observable, Level 2 inputs are used to determine the present value of the expected future cash flows. Refer to “Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities” for additional information regarding our use of derivative financial instruments.

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

At August 31, 2023, our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis were as follows:

			Significant
	Quoted Prices		Other		Significant
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Totals
Assets
Long-lived assets held for sale (1)	$	-	$	150	$	-	$	150
Total assets	$	-	$	150	$	-	$	150

(1)Comprised of production equipment at our former toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio. Refer to “Note D – Impairment of Long-Lived Assets” for additional information.

At May 31, 2023, our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis were as follows:

			Significant
	Quoted Prices		Other		Significant
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Totals
Assets
Long-lived assets held for sale (1)	$	-	$	2,623	$	-	$	2,623
Long-lived assets held and used (2)		-		70		-		70
Total assets	$	-	$	2,693	$	-	$	2,693

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(1)Comprised of the following: (1) idled equipment at the manufacturing facility in Taylor, Michigan; and (2) the net assets of our former toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio.

(2)Comprised of certain assets associated with a capital project at our Building Products facility in Jefferson, Ohio which were written down to their estimated salvage value of $70.

The fair value of non-derivative financial instruments included in the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, income taxes receivable, other assets, accounts payable, accrued compensation, contributions to employee benefit plans and related taxes, other accrued items, income taxes payable and other liabilities approximate carrying value due to their short-term nature. The fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities, based upon models utilizing market observable (Level 2) inputs and credit risk, was $395,987 and $639,948 at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023, respectively. The carrying amount of long-term debt, including current maturities, was $448,351 and $689,982 at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023, respectively.

Note R – Subsequent Events

On September 27, 2023, we amended and restated the Credit Facility, extending the final maturity from August 20, 2026 to September 27, 2028 while keeping in place the $500,000 aggregate commitments under the Credit Facility.

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Item 2. – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Selected statements contained in this “Item 2. – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” constitute “forward-looking statements” as that term is used in the PSLRA. Such forward-looking statements are based, in whole or in part, on management’s beliefs, estimates, assumptions and currently available information. For a more detailed discussion of what constitutes a forward-looking statement and of some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements, please refer to the “Safe Harbor Statement” in the beginning of this Form 10-Q and “Part I – Item 1A. – Risk Factors” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

Unless otherwise indicated, all Note references contained in this “Part I – Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” refer to the Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in “Part I – Item 1. – Financial Statements” of this Form 10-Q.

Introduction

The following discussion and analysis of market and industry trends, business developments, and the results of our operations and financial position, should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in “Part I – Item 1. – Financial Statements” of this Form 10-Q. The 2023 Form 10-K includes additional information about our business, operations and consolidated financial position and should be read in conjunction with this Form 10-Q. This MD&A is designed to provide a reader with material information relevant to an assessment of our financial condition and results of operations and to allow investors to view the Company from the perspective of management. This MD&A is divided into seven main sections:

•Planned Separation of the Steel Processing Business;

•Business Overview;

•Recent Business Developments;

•Trends and Factors Impacting our Performance;

•Results of Operations;

•Liquidity and Capital Resources; and

•Critical Accounting Estimates

Planned Separation of the Steel Processing Business

On September 29, 2022, we announced our intention to complete the Separation, a spin-off of Worthington Steel, our existing Steel Processing business, into a stand-alone publicly traded company through a generally tax-free pro rata distribution of 100% of the common shares of Worthington Steel to Worthington Industries’ shareholders. New Worthington, the remaining company, is expected to be comprised of our Consumer Products, Building Products and Sustainable Energy Solutions operating segments. While we currently intend to effect the distribution, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, we have no obligation to pursue or consummate any dispositions of our ownership interest in Worthington Steel, including through the completion of the distribution, by any specified date or at all. The distribution is subject to various conditions, including final approval by the Board; the completion of the transfer of assets and liabilities to Worthington Steel in accordance with the separation agreement; due execution and delivery of the agreements relating to the Separation; no order, injunction or decree issued by any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint or prohibition being in effect preventing the consummation of the Separation, the distribution or any of the related transactions; acceptance for listing on the NYSE of the common shares of Worthington Steel to be distributed, subject to official notice of distribution; completion of financing for Worthington Steel, and no other event or development having occurred or being in existence that, in the judgment of the Board, in its sole discretion, makes it inadvisable to effect the Separation, the distribution or the other related transactions.

Business Overview

We are an industrial manufacturing company focused on value-added steel processing and manufactured consumer, building, and sustainable mobility products. Our operations are managed principally on a products and services basis and organized under four operating segments: Steel Processing, Consumer Products, Building Products, and Sustainable Energy Solutions. Segment information is prepared on the same basis that our CODM reviews financial information for operational decision-making purposes. Factors used to identify operating segments include the nature of the products and services provided by each business, the management reporting structure, the similarity of economic characteristics and certain quantitative measures, as prescribed by authoritative accounting guidance.

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We own controlling interests in the following consolidated operating joint ventures: Spartan, Samuel and TWB. We also own a controlling interest in WSP, which became a non-operating joint venture on October 31, 2022, when we completed the sale of its remaining net assets. The net assets and operating results of these four joint ventures are consolidated with the equity owned by the minority joint venture member shown as “noncontrolling interests” in our consolidated balance sheets, and the noncontrolling interest in net earnings and OCI shown as net earnings or comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated statements of earnings and consolidated statements of comprehensive income, respectively. We also own noncontrolling equity investments if four unconsolidated joint ventures: ClarkDietrich (25%), Serviacero Worthington (50%), WAVE (50%) and Workhorse (20%). These joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method, as described further in “Note C – Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates.” We also held a noncontrolling equity method investment in ArtiFlex Manufacturing, LLC (“ArtiFlex”) prior to the August 3, 2022 sale of our 50% ownership interest to our former partner in the joint venture.

Recent Business Developments

•On June 29, 2023, we terminated our revolving trade accounts receivable securitization facility allowing us to borrow up to $175.0 million. No early termination or other similar fees or penalties were paid in connection with the termination. See “Note H– Debt” for additional information.

•On July 28, 2023, we redeemed in full our $243.6 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes due April 15, 2026, resulting in a non-cash loss of approximately $1.5 million related primarily to unamortized issuance costs and the remaining loss associated with an interest rate swap deferred in AOCI at redemption. See “Note H – Debt” for additional information.

Trends and Factors Impacting our Performance

The industries in which we participate are fragmented and highly competitive. Given the broad base of products and services offered, specific competitors vary based on the target industry, product type, service type, size of program and geography. Competition is primarily on the basis of price, product quality and the ability to meet delivery requirements. Our products are priced competitively, primarily based on market factors, including, among other things, market pricing, the cost and availability of raw materials, transportation and shipping costs, and overall economic conditions in the U.S. and abroad.

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General Economic and Market Conditions

We sell our products and services to a diverse customer base and a broad range of end markets. The breakdown of net sales by end market for the first quarter of each of fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023 is illustrated in the following chart:

 

The automotive industry is one of the largest consumers of flat-rolled steel, and thus the largest end market for our Steel Processing operating segment. Approximately 55% of Steel Processing’s net sales are to the automotive market. North American vehicle production, primarily by the Detroit Three automakers, has a considerable impact on the activity within the Steel Processing operating segment, including its unconsolidated joint venture, Serviacero Worthington.

Approximately 12% of the net sales of our Steel Processing operating segment are to the construction market. The construction market is also the predominant end market for our unconsolidated joint ventures within the Building Products operating segment, WAVE and ClarkDietrich. While the market price of steel significantly impacts these businesses, there are other key indicators that are meaningful in analyzing construction market demand, including the U.S. gross domestic product (“U.S. GDP”), the Dodge Index of construction contracts and, in the case of ClarkDietrich, trends in the relative prices of framing lumber and steel.

Substantially all of the net sales of our Consumer Products, Building Products, and Sustainable Energy Solutions operating segments and approximately 33% of the net sales of our Steel Processing operating segment are to other markets such as agricultural, appliance, consumer products, heavy-truck, industrial products, including the industrial electric motor, generator, and transformer end markets, and lawn and garden. Given the many different products that make up these net sales and the wide variety of end markets, it is very difficult to detail the key market indicators that drive these portions of our business. However, we believe that the trend in U.S. GDP growth is a good economic indicator for analyzing the demand of these end markets.

U.S. GDP growth rate trends are generally indicative of the strength in demand and, in many cases, pricing for our products. A year-over-year increase in U.S. GDP growth rates is generally indicative of a stronger economy, which generally increases demand and pricing for our products. Conversely, declining U.S. GDP growth rates generally indicate a weaker economy, which generally decreases demand and pricing for our products. Changes in U.S. GDP growth rates can also signal changes in conversion costs related to production and in selling, general, and administrative expense (“SG&A”).

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Inflation and government deficits and debt remain at high levels. Although inflationary pressures have abated somewhat from the levels experienced throughout fiscal 2022 and into fiscal 2023, they continue to be felt across our business in the form of higher year-over-year input and conversion costs as well as higher overall SG&A expense. The U.S. Federal Reserve has pushed interest rates to the highest level in more than 15 years in an attempt to slow growth and reduce inflation. The impact of high interest rates could have a negative impact on economic conditions, including consumer demand in the various end markets we serve, as well as domestic steel demand overall.

We use the following information to monitor our costs and demand in our major end markets:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2023			2022 (1)			Inc/ (Dec)
U.S. GDP (% growth year-over-year)		2.2	%		1.8	%		0.4	%
Hot-Rolled Steel ($ per ton) (2)	$	879		$	978		$	(99	)
Detroit Three Auto Build (000's vehicles) (3)		1,791			1,729			62
No. America Auto Build (000's vehicles) (3)		4,028			3,638			390
Zinc ($ per pound) (4)	$	1.09		$	1.55		$	(0.46	)
Natural Gas ($ per mcf) (5)	$	2.57		$	7.87		$	(5.30	)
On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices ($ per gallon) (6)	$	4.02		$	5.42		$	(1.40	)

(1)2022 figures are based on revised actuals

(2)CRU Hot-Rolled Index: period average

(3)IHS Global (S&P)

(4)LME Zinc; period average

(5)NYMEX Henry Hub Natural Gas; period average

(6)Energy Information Administration; period average

Sales to one Steel Processing customer in the automotive industry represented 12.5% and 11.2% of consolidated net sales during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and the first quarter of fiscal 2023, respectively. While our automotive business is largely driven by the production schedules of the Detroit Three automakers, our customer base is much broader and includes other domestic manufacturers and many of their suppliers. During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, vehicle production for the Detroit Three automakers and the North American vehicle production was up 4% and 11%, respectively, over the first quarter of fiscal 2023.

Sales for most of our products are generally strongest in our fiscal fourth quarter when our facilities operate at seasonal peaks. Historically, sales have been weaker in our fiscal third quarter, primarily due to reduced seasonal activity in the building and construction industry, as well as customer plant shutdowns due to holidays, particularly in the automotive industry. We do not believe backlog is a significant indicator of our business.

Impact of Raw Material Prices

Our principal raw material is flat-rolled steel, which we purchase from multiple primary steel producers. When steel prices fall, we typically have higher-priced material flowing through cost of goods sold, while selling prices compress to what the market will bear, negatively impacting our results. On the other hand, in a rising price environment, our results are generally favorably impacted, as lower-priced material purchased in previous periods flows through cost of goods sold, while our selling prices increase at a faster pace to cover current replacement costs. Steel prices declined throughout most of fiscal 2023 before increasing significantly in the fourth quarter on production cuts at major steel mills and the replenishing of inventories in major end markets, then decreased again in the first quarter of fiscal 2024. This run up in steel prices resulted in estimated inventory holding gains of $32.6 million and $15.5 million during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 and the first quarter of fiscal 2024, respectively. However, as a result of the more recent price declines, we expect to have meaningful inventory holding losses during the second quarter of fiscal 2024.

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The following table presents the average quarterly market price per ton of hot-rolled steel during fiscal 2024 (first quarter), fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022:

	Fiscal Year
(Dollars per ton) (1)	2024		2023		2022
1st Quarter	$	879	$	978	$	1,762
2nd Quarter	N/A		$	742	$	1,888
3rd Quarter	N/A		$	720	$	1,421
4th Quarter	N/A		$	1,116	$	1,280
Annual Avg.	$	879	$	889	$	1,588

(1)CRU Hot-Rolled Index, period average

No matter how efficient, our operations, which use steel as a raw material, create some amount of scrap. The expected price of scrap compared to the price of the steel raw material is factored into pricing. Generally, as the price of steel increases, the price of scrap increases by a similar amount. When increases in scrap prices do not keep pace with the increases in the price of the steel raw material, it can have a negative impact on our margins. We refer to this effect as the “scrap gap,” which has narrowed in recent years from historically high levels, including quarter-over-quarter declines in the current period.

Certain other commodities, such as zinc, natural gas and diesel fuel, represent a significant portion of our cost of goods sold, both directly through our plant operations and indirectly through transportation and freight expense.

Results of Operations

First Quarter – Fiscal 2024 Compared to Fiscal 2023

The following discussion provides a review of results for the three months ended August 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In millions, except per common share amounts)	2023		2022		Increase/ (Decrease)
Net sales	$	1,193.3	$	1,408.7	$	(215.4	)
Operating income		77.7		66.7		11.0
Equity income		54.4		31.7		22.7
Net earnings attributable to controlling interest		96.1		64.1		32.0
Earnings per diluted common share attributable to controlling interest	$	1.93	$	1.30	$	0.63

Net Sales and Volume

The following table provides a breakdown of our consolidated net sales by operating segment, along with the respective percentage of the consolidated net sales of each, for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
			% of					% of			Increase/
(In millions)	2023		Net sales			2022		Net sales			(Decrease)
Steel Processing	$	881.3		73.9	%	$	1,038.9		73.7	%	$	(157.6	)
Consumer Products		149.4		12.5	%		188.7		13.4	%		(39.3	)
Building Products		133.9		11.2	%		150.3		10.7	%		(16.4	)
Sustainable Energy Solutions		28.7		2.4	%		30.8		2.2	%		(2.1	)
Consolidated Net Sales	$	1,193.3		100.0	%	$	1,408.7		100.0	%	$	(215.4	)

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The following table provides volume by operating segment for the periods presented.

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
					Increase/
	2023		2022		(Decrease)
Steel Processing (Tons)		999,658		974,649		25,009
Consumer Products (Units)		17,068,945		22,383,341		(5,314,396	)
Building Products (Units)		2,771,458		2,922,163		(150,705	)
Sustainable Energy Solutions (Units)		106,306		133,133		(26,827	)

•Steel Processing – Net sales totaled $881.3 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, down $157.6 million, compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2023, driven almost entirely by lower average selling prices due to lower year-over-year steel market prices. The mix of direct versus toll tons processed was 56% to 44% in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, compared to 58% to 42% in the prior year quarter. Excluding the impact of the prior year divestiture of the remaining WSP toll processing facility in Jackson, Michigan, toll volumes were up 19% and direct tons were down slightly.

•Consumer Products – Net sales totaled $149.4 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, down 21%, or $39.3 million compared to the first quarter of 2023, as the impact of lower volumes with our retail customers more than offset modest improvements in both product mix and selling prices.

•Building Products – Net sales totaled $133.9 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, down 11%, or $16.4 million, from the first quarter of fiscal 2023, driven by lower volume and lower average selling prices.

•Sustainable Energy Solutions – Net sales totaled $28.7 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, down 7%, or $2.1 million, from the first quarter of fiscal 2023, as lower volumes more than offset the impact of higher average selling prices.

Gross margin

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
			% of					% of			Increase/
(In millions)	2023		Net sales			2022		Net sales			(Decrease)
Gross Margin	$	197.5		16.6	%	$	169.4		12.0	%	$	28.1

Gross margin increased $28.1 million over the prior year quarter to $197.5 million, as higher direct spreads drove a $39.7 million increase in gross margin at Steel Processing, more than offsetting the impact of lower volumes in Consumer Products. Direct spreads in Steel Processing benefited from an estimated $17.0 million favorable swing from $1.5 million estimated inventory holding losses in the prior year quarter to estimated gains of $15.5 million in the current quarter.

Selling, general and administrative expense

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
			% of					% of			Increase/
(In millions)	2023		Net sales			2022		Net sales			(Decrease)
Selling, general and administrative expense	$	112.3		9.4	%	$	103.4		7.3	%	$	8.9

•SG&A increased $8.9 million over the prior year quarter primarily due to higher healthcare and other benefit-related costs, and, to a lesser extent, higher wages.

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Other operating items

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
						Increase/
(In millions)	2023		2022			(Decrease)
Impairment of long-lived assets	$	1.4	$	0.3		$	1.1
Restructuring and other income, net		-		(1.1	)		1.1
Separation costs		6.0		-			6.0

•Impairment of long-lived assets in both the current year and prior year quarters was driven by changes in the estimated fair market value less cost to sell related to ongoing efforts to divest certain production equipment of our former toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio. Refer to “Note D – Impairment of long-lived assets” for additional information.

•Restructuring activity in the prior year quarter was driven by a pre-tax gain recognized on the sale of real property in Tulsa, Oklahoma that was excluded from the sale of our former oil & gas equipment business in January 2021.

•Separation costs of $6.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 reflect direct and incremental costs incurred in connection with the planned Separation, including third-party advisory fees, certain employee-related costs and non-recurring costs associated with the separation of shared corporate functions.

Miscellaneous income (expense), net

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
						Increase/
(In millions)	2023		2022			(Decrease)
Miscellaneous income (expense), net	$	1.0	$	(5.1	)	$	6.1

•Miscellaneous expense in the prior year quarter was driven primarily from the annuitization of approximately 31% of the total projected benefit obligation of the inactive Gerstenslager Company Bargaining Unit Employees’ Pension Plan as of the purchase date of the annuity contract, which resulted in a pre-tax, non-cash settlement charge of $4.8 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 to accelerate a portion of deferred pension cost.

Loss on extinguishment of debt

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
					Increase/
	2023		2022		(Decrease)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	$	1.5	$	-	$	1.5

•Loss on extinguishment of debt in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 reflected the loss recognized in connection with the July 28, 2023 early redemption of the 2026 Notes and consisted primarily of unamortized debt issuance costs and the remaining loss deferred in AOCI associated with an interest rate swap executed prior to the issuance of the 2026 Notes.

Interest expense, net

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
					Increase/
(In millions)	2023		2022		(Decrease)
Interest expense, net	$	3.1	$	8.6	$	(5.5	)

•Interest expense, net of $3.1 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 was favorable compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2023 by $5.5 million driven primarily by higher interest income and, to a lesser extent, lower average long-term debt levels due to the July 28, 2023 redemption of our 2026 Notes. Refer to “Note H – Debt” for additional information

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Equity income

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
						Increase/
(In millions)	2023		2022			(Decrease)
WAVE	$	28.3	$	23.8		$	4.5
ClarkDietrich		16.7		20.1			(3.4	)
Serviacero Worthington		9.0		1.8			7.2
ArtiFlex		-		(13.4	)		13.4
Workhorse		0.4		(0.6	)		1.0
Total Equity Income	$	54.4	$	31.7		$	22.7

•Equity income increased $22.7 million over the first quarter of fiscal 2023, which included a $15.8 million loss on the sale of our former equity investment in ArtiFlex. Excluding this loss in the prior year quarter, equity income was up $6.9 million, as higher contributions by both Serviacero and WAVE were partially offset by a decline at ClarkDietrich. Serviacero was the biggest driver of the overall increase with equity earnings up $7.2 million, primarily due to higher direct spreads.

Income Taxes

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
			Effective					Effective			Increase/
(In millions)	2023		Tax Rate			2022		Tax Rate			(Decrease)
Income tax expense	$	28.8		23.3	%	$	19.5		23.9	%	$	9.3

•Income tax expense was $28.8 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 compared to income tax expense of $19.5 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2023. The increase was driven by higher pre-tax earnings. Tax expense in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 reflected an estimated annual effective rate of 23.3% compared to 23.9% for the prior year quarter. For additional information regarding our income taxes, refer to “Note L – Income Taxes.”

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Adjusted EBIT

We evaluate operating performance on the basis of adjusted earnings before interest and taxes (“adjusted EBIT”). EBIT, a non-GAAP financial measure, is calculated by adding interest expense and income tax expense to net earnings attributable to controlling interest. Adjusted EBIT excludes impairment and restructuring expense (income), but may also exclude other items, as described below, that management believes are not reflective of, and thus should not be included when evaluating the performance of our ongoing operations. Adjusted EBIT is a non-GAAP financial measure and is used by management to evaluate operating performance, engage in financial and operational planning and determine incentive compensation because we believe that this financial measure provides additional perspective on the performance of our ongoing operations. Additionally, management believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to investors because they allow for meaningful comparisons and analysis of trends in our businesses and enable investors to evaluate operations and future prospects in the same manner as management.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net earnings attributable to controlling interest (the most comparable GAAP Financial measure) to adjusted EBIT for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In millions)	2023		2022
Net earnings attributable to controlling interest	$	96.1	$	64.1
Interest expense, net		3.1		8.6
Income tax expense		28.8		19.5
EBIT		128.0		92.2
Incremental expense related to Level5 earnout (1)		-		0.5
Impairment of long-lived assets (2)		0.9		0.1
Restructuring and other income, net (3)		-		(1.1	)
Separation costs (4)		6.0		-
Loss on extinguishment of debt (5)		1.5		-
Pension settlement charge (6)		-		4.8
Loss on sale of investment in ArtiFlex (7)		-		15.8
Adjusted EBIT	$	136.4	$	112.3

(1)Reflects incremental compensation expense attributable to the Level5 earnout.

(2)Impairment charges are excluded because they do not occur in the ordinary course of our ongoing business operations, are inherently unpredictable in timing and amount, and are non-cash, so their exclusion facilitates the comparison of historical, current and forecasted financial results. Non-cash impairment charges in both periods were driven by changes in the estimated fair market value less cost to sell related to ongoing efforts to divest certain production equipment of our Samuel joint venture’s former toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio, and exclude the impact of the noncontrolling interest.

(3)Restructuring activities consist of established programs that are not part of our ongoing operations, such as divestitures, closing or consolidating facilities, employee severance (including rationalizing headcount or other significant changes in personnel), and realignment of existing operations (including changes to management structure in response to underlying performance and/or changing market conditions). The net gain recognized in the prior year quarter resulted primarily from the sale of the remaining real property of our legacy oil & gas equipment business.

(4)Reflects direct and incremental costs incurred in connection with the anticipated tax-free spin-off of the Company’s Steel Processing business, including third-party advisory fees, certain employee-related costs and non-recurring costs associated with the separation of shared corporate functions.

(5)Reflects a $1.5 million loss realized in connection with the July 28, 2023 early redemption of the 2026 Notes.

(6)Reflects a non-cash settlement charge to accelerate a portion of the overall deferred pension cost associated with The Gerstenslager Company Bargaining Unit Employees' Pension Plan as a result of a pension lift-out transaction completed in August 2022 to transfer a portion of the total projected benefit obligation to a third-party insurance company.

(7)Reflects the loss realized in connection with the August 3, 2022 sale of the Company’s 50% noncontrolling equity investment in ArtiFlex.

29

The following table provides a summary of adjusted EBIT by operating segment for the periods presented.

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
				% of Adjusted						% of Adjusted			Increase/
(In millions)	2023			EBIT			2022			EBIT			(Decrease)
Steel Processing	$	78.0			57.2	%	$	34.9			31.1	%	$	43.1
Consumer Products		9.0			6.6	%		20.9			18.6	%		(11.9	)
Building Products		54.0			39.6	%		52.7			46.9	%		1.3
Sustainable Energy Solutions		(4.7	)		(3.5	%)		(1.4	)		(1.2	%)		(3.3	)
Other		0.1			0.1	%		5.1			4.6	%		(5.0	)
Total Adjusted EBIT	$	136.4			100.0	%	$	112.3			100.0	%	$	24.1

•Steel Processing – Steel Processing – Adjusted EBIT was $78.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, an increase of $43.1 million compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2023, due primarily to favorable direct spreads, including $17.0 million associated with the quarter-over-quarter swing in estimated inventory holding gains and losses, and, to a lesser extent, higher equity earnings at Serviacero, up $7.2 million.

•Consumer Products – Adjusted EBIT was $9.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, down $11.9 million compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2023, driven primarily by lower volumes, partially offset by a favorable pricing spread as price increases implemented in fiscal 2023 held steady through August 31, 2023.

•Building Products – Adjusted EBIT was $54.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, an increase of $1.3 million compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2023, driven primarily by higher contributions of equity income, up $1.2 million. Operating income was up slightly as nominal improvements in gross margin were largely offset by $1.5 million of incremental SG&A expense on higher healthcare and other benefit related costs and higher wages.

•Sustainable Energy Solutions – Adjusted EBIT was a loss of $4.7 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2024, a decline of $3.3 million compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2023 on lower volumes and higher SG&A expense.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

During the three months ended August 31, 2023, we generated $59.7 million of cash from operating activities, invested $29.3 million in property, plant and equipment and invested $15.0 million in a note receivable. Additionally, we repaid $243.8 million to redeem our 2026 Notes, repaid $2.8 million of short-term borrowings and paid dividends of $15.7 million on the common shares. The following table summarizes our consolidated cash flows for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In millions)	2023			2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	59.7		$	81.0
Net cash used by investing activities		(44.3	)		(29.8	)
Net cash used by financing activities		(269.3	)		(49.9	)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(253.9	)		1.3
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		454.9			34.5
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	201.0		$	35.8

We believe that the available borrowing capacity of our committed line of credit is sufficient to meet the needs of our existing businesses for normal operating costs, mandatory capital expenditures, debt redemptions, dividend payments, working capital, to the extent not funded by cash provided by operating activities, for at least 12 months and for the foreseeable future thereafter, and expenditures related to the planned Separation. Our resources include cash and cash equivalents and unused committed lines of credit. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility at August 31, 2023, leaving up to $500.0 million available for future use.

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Although we do not currently anticipate a need, we believe that we could access the financial markets to be in a position to sell long-term debt or equity securities. However, the continuation of soft economic conditions and an uncertain interest rate environment could create volatility in the financial markets, which may impact our ability to access capital and the terms under which we can do so. During fiscal 2023, the financial markets experienced disruption due to certain bank failures. Given the diversification and credit profile of our exposure to bank counterparties, we do not foresee any material financial impact from this disruption. We will continue to monitor the economic environment and its impact on our operations and liquidity needs.

We routinely monitor current operational requirements, financial market conditions, and credit relationships and we may choose to seek additional capital by issuing new debt and/or equity securities to strengthen our liquidity or capital structure. We are also in the process of evaluating our post-Separation capital structure. Should we seek additional capital, there can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain such additional capital on terms acceptable to us, if at all, and such additional equity or debt financing could dilute the interests of our existing shareholders and/or increase our interest costs. We may also from time to time seek to retire or repurchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases, in open-market purchases, privately-negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will be upon such terms and at such prices as we may determine, and will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved in any such transaction may or may not be material. On July 28, 2023, we redeemed in full our 2026 Notes for $243.8 million. The redemption price approximated the par value of debt of $243.6 million plus accrued interest. See “Note H” – Debt” for additional information.

Operating Activities

Our business is cyclical and cash flows from operating activities may fluctuate during the year and from year to year due to economic and industry conditions. We rely on cash and short-term borrowings to meet cyclical increases in working capital needs. These needs generally rise during periods of increased economic activity or increasing raw material prices, requiring higher levels of inventory and accounts receivable. During economic slowdowns, or periods of decreasing raw material costs, working capital needs generally decrease as a result of the reduction of inventories and accounts receivable.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $59.7 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2024, compared to $81.0 million during the prior year quarter. This change was primarily due to a $49.9 million increase in net operating working capital (accounts receivable, inventories, and accounts payable) requirements over the prior year quarter, mainly driven by higher inventory balances, fluctuations in steel prices and lagging price indices.

Investing Activities

Net cash used by investing activities was $44.3 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2024, compared to $29.8 million during the prior year quarter. Net cash used by investing activities in the current year quarter resulted from capital expenditures of $29.3 million and investment in a note receivable of $15.0 million. Net cash used by investing activities in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 resulted primarily from the purchase of the Level5 business on June 2, 2022, for $56.1 million, net of cash acquired, and capital expenditures of $21.5 million, partially offset by combined cash proceeds of $47.9 million from the sale of our 50% noncontrolling equity investment in ArtiFlex and other long-lived assets, including the related real property that was owned by Worthington and leased to ArtiFlex.

Investment activities are largely discretionary, and future investment activities could be reduced significantly, or eliminated, as economic conditions warrant. We assess acquisition opportunities as they arise, and such opportunities may require additional financing. There can be no assurance, however, that any such opportunities will arise, that any such acquisition opportunities will be consummated, or that any needed additional financing will be available on satisfactory terms if required.

Financing Activities

Net cash used by financing activities was $269.3 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2024, compared to $49.9 million in the prior year quarter. The change was primarily due to the repayment of $243.8 million of long-term debt associated with the redemption of the 2026 Notes in July 2023.

Common shares – On September 27, 2023, the Board declared a quarterly dividend of $0.32 per share payable on December 15, 2023, to shareholders of record on November 15, 2023.

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On March 20, 2019, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to 6.6 million common shares.

On March 24, 2021, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to an additional 5.6 million common shares, increasing the total number of common shares then authorized for repurchase to 10.0 million. As of August 31, 2023, 6.1 million common shares remained available for repurchase under these two authorizations.

The common shares may be repurchased under these authorizations from time to time, with consideration given to the market price of the common shares, the nature of other investment opportunities, cash flows from operations, general economic conditions and other relevant considerations. Repurchases may be made on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions.

Long-term debt and short-term borrowings – As of August 31, 2023, we were in compliance with the financial covenants of our short-term and long-term financial debt agreements. Our debt agreements do not include credit rating triggers or material adverse change provisions. There were no outstanding borrowings drawn against our Credit Facility at August 31, 2023, leaving the full borrowing capacity of $500.0 million available for future use.

Dividend Policy

We currently have no material contractual or regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends. Dividends are declared at the discretion of the Board. The Board reviews the dividend quarterly and establishes the dividend rate based upon our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, current and projected cash flows, business prospects, and other relevant factors. While we have paid a dividend every quarter since becoming a public company in 1968, there is no guarantee that payments of dividends will continue in the future.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We continually evaluate our estimates, including those related to our valuation of receivables, inventories, intangible assets, accrued liabilities, income and other tax accruals, contingencies and litigation, and business combinations. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These results form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Critical accounting policies are defined as those that reflect our significant judgments and uncertainties that could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. Although actual results historically have not deviated significantly from those determined using our estimates, our consolidated financial position or results of operations could be materially different if we were to report under different conditions or to use different assumptions in the application of such policies. Our critical accounting policies have not significantly changed from those discussed in “Part II – Item 7. – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Estimates” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

Item 3. – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risks have not materially changed from those disclosed in “Part II – Item 7A. – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

Item 4. – Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that Worthington Industries files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including Worthington Industries’ principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

32

Management, under the supervision of and with the participation of Worthington Industries’ principal executive officer and principal financial officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q (the quarterly period ended August 31, 2023). Based on that evaluation, Worthington Industries’ principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of the end of the quarterly period covered by this Form 10-Q.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes that occurred during the period covered by this Form 10-Q (the quarterly period ended August 31, 2023) in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

33

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. – Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various judicial and administrative proceedings, as both plaintiff and defendant, arising in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe that any such proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operation or cash flows.

Item 1A. – Risk Factors

There are certain risks and uncertainties in our business that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. In “PART I – Item 1A. – Risk Factors” of the 2023 Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on July 31, 2023, and available at www.sec.gov or at www.worthingtonindustries.com, we included a detailed discussion of our risk factors. Other than as noted below, our risk factors have not changed significantly from those disclosed in the 2023 Form 10-K. These risk factors should be read carefully in connection with evaluating our business and investments in the common shares and in connection with the forward-looking statements and other information contained in this Form 10-Q. Any of the risks described in the 2023 Form 10-K, as well as the risk described below, could materially affect our business, consolidated financial condition or future results and the actual outcome of matters as to which forward-looking statements are made. The risk factors described in the 2023 Form 10-K and the risk described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial, also may materially adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition and/or future results.

The UAW strikes against the Detroit Three automakers could have material adverse effects on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows as well as the planned Separation. The automotive industry is one of the largest consumers of flat-rolled steel, and the largest end market for our Steel Processing operating segment. While the duration and scope of the initial and any future UAW strikes against the Detroit Three automakers, as well as the corresponding impact on the business of suppliers to the Detroit Three automakers and the impact on our own business, financial position, results of operations and cash flow, are impossible to predict at this time, the prolonged idling of our customers’ production facilities in response to the strikes could have a material adverse impact on us. Prolonged strikes by the UAW may also impact the Separation, including the timing of the Separation and the expected performance of each of the two independent, publicly-traded companies following the planned Separation. The extent to which the UAW strikes will impact us and the Separation will depend on future developments, which cannot be predicted and are highly uncertain. The ultimate impact on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows, as well as the planned Separation, will depend on factors beyond our control including the duration and scope of the strikes.

Item 2. – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

There were no equity securities of Worthington Industries sold by Worthington Industries during the three months ended August 31, 2023 that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Common shares withheld to cover tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted common shares are treated as common share repurchases. Those withheld common shares are not considered common share repurchases under an authorized common share repurchase plan. The table below provides information regarding common shares withheld from our employees to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations arising from the vesting of restricted common shares. The presentation of the table below and related footnote represents full common share amounts.

					Total Number of
					Common Shares
					Purchased as		Maximum Number of
	Total Number		Average Price		Part of Publicly		Common Shares that
	of Common		Paid per		Announced		May Yet Be
	Shares		Common		Plans or		Purchased Under the
Period	Purchased		Share		Programs (2)		Plans or Programs (1)
June 1-30, 2023		81,828	$	61.62		-		6,065,000
July 1-31, 2023		57,734		69.64		-		6,065,000
August 1-31, 2023		-		-		-		6,065,000
Total		139,562	$	65.72		-

34

(1)The number shown represents, as of the end of each period, the maximum number of common shares that could be purchased under the publicly announced repurchase authorizations then in effect. On March 20, 2019, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to 6,600,000 million common shares. On March 24, 2021, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to an additional 5,618,464 million common shares, increasing the total number of common shares then authorized for repurchase to 10,000,000 million (net of previously repurchased common shares). A total of 3,935,000 million common shares have been repurchased since the latest authorization, leaving 6,065,000 million common shares available for repurchase under these authorizations at August 31, 2023. The common shares available for repurchase under the authorizations currently in effect may be purchased from time to time, with consideration given to the market price of the common shares, the nature of other investment opportunities, cash flows from operations, general economic conditions and other relevant considerations. Repurchases may be made on the open market or through privately-negotiated transactions.

(2)There were no common shares purchased during the first fiscal quarter of 2024 as part of publicly announced plans or programs.

Item 3. – Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. – Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. – Other Information

No response required.

35

Item 6. – Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Amended Articles of Incorporation of Worthington Industries, Inc., as filed with the Ohio Secretary of State on October 13, 1998 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Worthington Industries, Inc. for the quarterly period ended August 31, 1998 (SEC File No. 0-4016)) P
3.2	Code of Regulations of Worthington Industries, Inc. (reflecting all amendments through the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) [This document represents the Code of Regulations of Worthington Industries, Inc. in compiled form incorporating all amendments.] (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(b) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Worthington Industries, Inc. for the quarterly period ended August 31, 2000 (SEC File No. 1-8399))
10.1	Summary of Annual Base Salaries Approved for Named Executive Officers of Worthington Industries, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Worthington Industries, Inc. for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2023 (SEC File No. 1-8399)) †
10.2	Summary of Annual Cash Incentive Bonus Awards, Long-Term Performance Awards, Stock Options and Restricted Common Shares granted in Fiscal 2024 or Named Executive Officers of Worthington Industries, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Worthington Industries, Inc. for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2023 (SEC File No. 1-8399)) †
31.1	Rule 13a - 14(a) / 15d - 14(a) Certifications (Principal Executive Officer) *
31.2	Rule 13a - 14(a) / 15d - 14(a) Certifications (Principal Financial Officer) *
32.1	Certifications of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
32.2	Certifications of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Date File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document #
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document #
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document #
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document #
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document #
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File – the cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended August 31, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (is included within the Exhibit 101 attachments).

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

† Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

# Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Worthington Industries are the following documents formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language):

(i)Consolidated Balance Sheets at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023;

(ii)Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three months ended August 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022;

(iii)Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended August 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022;

(iv)Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended August 31, 2023 and August 31, 2022; and

(v)Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

36

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		WORTHINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC.
Date: October 4, 2023	By:	/s/ Joseph B. Hayek
		Joseph B. Hayek,
		Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(On behalf of the Registrant as Duly Authorized Officer and as Principal Financial Officer)

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

RULE 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a)

CERTIFICATIONS (PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER)

CERTIFICATIONS

I, B. Andrew Rose, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended August 31, 2023 of Worthington Industries, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 4, 2023	By:	/s/ B. Andrew Rose
		B. Andrew Rose,
		Chief Executive Officer and President

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

RULE 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a)

CERTIFICATIONS (PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER)

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Joseph B. Hayek, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended August 31, 2023 of Worthington Industries, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 4, 2023	By:	/s/ Joseph B. Hayek
		Joseph B. Hayek,
		Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002*

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Worthington Industries, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended August 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, B. Andrew Rose, Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company, certify, pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries.

	/s/ B. Andrew Rose
	Printed Name: B. Andrew Rose
	Title: Chief Executive Officer and President
Date: October 4, 2023

*These certifications are being furnished as required by Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. These certifications shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that Worthington Industries, Inc. specifically incorporates these certifications by reference.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATIONS OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002*

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Worthington Industries, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended August 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Joseph B. Hayek, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries.

	/s/ Joseph B. Hayek
	Printed Name: Joseph B. Hayek
	Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Date: October 4, 2023

*These certifications are being furnished as required by Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. These certifications shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that Worthington Industries, Inc. specifically incorporates these certifications by reference.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Sep. 29, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Aug. 31, 2023
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Trading Symbol	WOR
Entity Registrant Name	WORTHINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC
Entity Central Index Key	0000108516
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--05-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	OH
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity File Number	001-08399
Entity Tax Identification Number	31-1189815
Entity Address, Address Line One	200 West Old Wilson Bridge Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Columbus
Entity Address, State or Province	OH
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	43085
City Area Code	614
Local Phone Number	438-3210
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		49,965,441
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Shares, Without Par Value
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 201,009	$ 454,946
Receivables, less allowances of $2,582 and $3,383 at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023, respectively	698,287	692,887
Inventories:
Raw materials	302,626	264,568
Work in process	192,344	183,248
Finished products	177,326	160,152
Total inventories	672,296	607,968
Income taxes receivable	2,593	4,198
Assets held for sale	1,979	3,381
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	115,692	104,957
Total current assets	1,691,856	1,868,337
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates	241,564	252,591
Operating lease assets	97,316	99,967
Goodwill	415,813	414,820
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $116,912 and $112,202 at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023, respectively	310,030	314,226
Other assets	38,245	25,323
Property, plant and equipment:
Land	49,739	49,697
Buildings and improvements	309,752	308,669
Machinery and equipment	1,266,341	1,263,962
Construction in progress	64,414	45,165
Total property, plant and equipment	1,690,246	1,667,493
Less: accumulated depreciation	1,008,378	991,839
Total property, plant and equipment, net	681,868	675,654
Total assets	3,476,692	3,650,918
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	526,686	528,920
Short-term borrowings		2,813
Accrued compensation, contributions to employee benefit plans and related taxes	76,960	93,810
Dividends payable	18,603	18,330
Other accrued items	47,899	53,362
Current operating lease liabilities	12,610	12,608
Income taxes payable	35,913	7,451
Current maturities of long-term debt	150,268	264
Total current liabilities	868,939	717,558
Other liabilities	109,840	113,286
Distributions in excess of investment in unconsolidated affiliate	116,377	117,297
Long-term debt	298,083	689,718
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	87,626	89,982
Deferred income taxes, net	93,911	101,449
Total liabilities	1,574,776	1,829,290
Shareholders' equity - controlling interest	1,774,623	1,696,011
Noncontrolling interests	127,293	125,617
Total equity	1,901,916	1,821,628
Total liabilities and equity	$ 3,476,692	$ 3,650,918

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Receivables, allowances	$ 2,582	$ 3,383
Other intangible assets, accumulated amortization	$ 116,912	$ 112,202

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Consolidated Statements of Earnings - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 1,193,256	$ 1,408,665
Cost of goods sold	995,767	1,239,291
Gross margin	197,489	169,374
Selling, general and administrative expense	112,348	103,448
Impairment of long-lived assets	1,401	312
Restructuring and other income, net		(1,100)
Separation costs	6,035
Operating income	77,705	66,714
Other income (expense):
Miscellaneous income (expense), net	1,011	(5,086)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(1,534)
Interest expense, net	(3,083)	(8,598)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates	54,381	31,712
Earnings before income taxes	128,480	84,742
Income tax expense	28,777	19,498
Net earnings	99,703	65,244
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests	3,597	1,162
Net earnings attributable to controlling interest	$ 96,106	$ 64,082
Basic
Weighted average common shares outstanding	48,842	48,478
Earnings per common share attributable to controlling interest	$ 1.97	$ 1.32
Diluted
Weighted average common shares outstanding	49,886	49,238
Earnings per common share attributable to controlling interest	$ 1.93	$ 1.3
Common shares outstanding at end of period	48,951	48,526
Cash dividends declared per share	$ 0.32	$ 0.31

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net earnings	$ 99,703	$ 65,244
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation	1,444	(10,100)
Pension liability adjustment	(3)	2,939
Cash flow hedges	(6,849)	(13,301)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(5,408)	(20,462)
Comprehensive income	94,295	44,782
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	3,597	1,162
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$ 90,698	$ 43,620

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Operating activities:
Net earnings	$ 99,703	$ 65,244
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	28,325	28,001
Impairment of long-lived assets	1,401	312
Benefit from deferred income taxes	(5,453)	(11,056)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	1,534
Bad debt expense	(799)	342
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates, net of distributions	10,225	42,845
Net loss (gain) on sale of assets	105	(769)
Stock-based compensation	4,516	4,236
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of impact of acquisitions:
Receivables	(8,843)	37,419
Inventories	(64,327)	41,167
Accounts payable	278	(101,581)
Accrued compensation and employee benefits	(12,014)	(33,868)
Income taxes payable	28,462	7,329
Other operating items, net	(23,417)	1,417
Net cash provided by operating activities	59,696	81,038
Investing activities:
Investment in property, plant and equipment	(29,298)	(21,477)
Investment in note receivable	(15,000)
Investment in non-marketable equity securities	(40)	(110)
Proceeds from sale of assets, net of selling costs	51	11,755
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(56,088)
Net proceeds from sale of investment in ArtiFlex		36,095
Net cash used by investing activities	(44,287)	(29,825)
Financing activities:
Net repayments of short-term borrowings	(2,813)	(32,443)
Principal payments on long-term obligations	(243,757)	(137)
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of tax withholdings	(5,130)	(3,466)
Payments to noncontrolling interests	(1,921)
Dividends paid	(15,725)	(13,884)
Net cash used by financing activities	(269,346)	(49,930)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(253,937)	1,283
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	454,946	34,485
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 201,009	$ 35,768

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Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Note A – Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Worthington Industries and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “our,” “us” “Worthington,” or the “Company”). Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

We own controlling interests in the following three operating joint ventures: Spartan Steel Coating, L.L.C. (“Spartan”) (52%); TWB Company, L.L.C. (“TWB”) (55%); and Worthington Samuel Coil Processing LLC (“Samuel”) (63%). We also own a 51% controlling interest in Worthington Specialty Processing (“WSP”), which became a non-operating joint venture on October 31, 2022, when the remaining net assets of WSP were sold. These joint ventures are consolidated with the equity owned by the other joint venture members shown as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated balance sheets, and their portions of net earnings and other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) are shown as net earnings or comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated statements of earnings and consolidated statements of comprehensive income, respectively. Investments in unconsolidated affiliates that we do not control are accounted for using the equity method with our proportionate share of income or loss recognized within equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates (“equity income”) in our consolidated statements of earnings. See further discussion of our unconsolidated affiliates in “Note C – Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates.”

These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature except those which have been disclosed elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements for these interim periods, have been included. Operating results for the first quarter of fiscal 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending May 31, 2024 (“fiscal 2024”). For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our fiscal 2023 Form 10-K.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

The Proposed Separation of the Steel Processing Business

On September 29, 2022, we announced that the Board approved the Separation, a plan to pursue a separation into two independent, publicly-traded companies – one company, Worthington Steel, is expected to be comprised of our Steel Processing operating segment, and the other company, New Worthington, is expected to be comprised of our Consumer Products, Building Products and Sustainable Energy Solutions operating segments. We plan to effect the Separation via a distribution of common shares of Worthington Steel, which is expected to be tax-free to shareholders of Worthington Industries for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Separation transaction is expected to be completed by early calendar 2024, but is subject to certain conditions, including, among other things, general market conditions, finalization of the capital structure of the two companies, completion of steps necessary to qualify the Separation as a tax-free transaction, receipt of regulatory approvals and final approval from the Board.

We have and expect to continue to incur direct and incremental costs in connection with the anticipated Separation, including fees paid to third-party parties for audit, advisory and legal services to effect the Separation, nonrecurring employee-related costs, such as retention bonuses, and nonrecurring functional costs associated with the separation of shared corporate functions. These costs are presented as a separate component of operating expenses as “Separation costs” in our consolidated statement of earnings for the three months ended August 31, 2023, in the amount of $6,035.

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Revenue Recognition

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Note B – Revenue Recognition

The following table summarizes net sales by operating segment and product class within the Steel Processing operating segment for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Steel Processing
Direct	$	845,363	$	1,002,135
Toll		35,976		36,745
Total		881,339		1,038,880
Consumer Products		149,412		188,703
Building Products		133,868		150,323
Sustainable Energy Solutions		28,637		30,759
Total	$	1,193,256	$	1,408,665

The following table summarizes revenue that has been recognized over time for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Steel Processing - toll	$	35,976	$	36,745

The following table summarizes the unbilled receivables at the dates indicated:

		August 31,		May 31,
(In thousands)	Balance Sheet Classification	2023		2023
Unbilled receivables	Receivables	$	3,513	$	3,708

There were no contract assets at August 31, 2023 or at May 31, 2023.

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Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates

Note C – Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates

Investments in affiliated companies that we do not control, either through majority ownership or otherwise, are accounted for using the equity method and included the following at August 31, 2023: Clarkwestern Dietrich Building Systems LLC (“ClarkDietrich”) (25%); Serviacero Planos, S. de R. L. de C.V. (“Serviacero Worthington”) (50%); Taxi Workhorse Holdings, LLC (“Workhorse”) (20%); and Worthington Armstrong Venture (“WAVE”) (50%).

We also held a 50% noncontrolling equity interest in ArtiFlex Manufacturing, LLC (“ArtiFlex”), on a historical basis, through August 3, 2022, when it was purchased by the unrelated joint venture partner. In connection with this transaction, we received net cash proceeds of approximately $36,095 and realized a pre-tax loss of $15,759 within equity income, representing the amount by which the book value of our investment exceeded the net cash proceeds.

We received distributions from unconsolidated affiliates totaling $64,606 during the three months ended August 31, 2023. We have received cumulative distributions from WAVE in excess of our investment balance amounting to $116,377 and $117,297, respectively, at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023, which are presented separately within long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. In accordance with the applicable accounting guidance, we have reclassified the negative investment balance to the liabilities section of our consolidated balance sheets. We will continue to record our equity in the net income of WAVE as a debit to the investment account, and if the investment balance becomes positive, it will again be shown as an asset on our consolidated balance sheets. If it becomes probable that any excess distribution may not be returned (upon joint venture liquidation or otherwise), we will recognize any negative investment balance classified as a liability as income immediately.

We use the “cumulative earnings” approach for determining cash flow presentation of distributions from our unconsolidated joint ventures. Distributions received are included in our consolidated statements of cash flows as operating activities, unless the cumulative distributions exceed our portion of the cumulative equity in the net earnings of the joint venture, in which case the excess distributions are deemed to be returns of the investment and are classified as investing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

The following tables summarize combined financial information for our unconsolidated affiliates as of the dates, and for the periods presented:

	August 31,		May 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	45,766	$	49,185
Other current assets		862,913		899,913
Noncurrent assets		390,681		394,468
Total assets	$	1,299,360	$	1,343,566
Current liabilities		309,692		247,796
Current maturities of long-term debt		32,151		36,936
Long-term debt		348,269		349,215
Other noncurrent liabilities		141,328		144,649
Equity		467,920		564,970
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,299,360	$	1,343,566

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Net sales	$	720,433	$	823,942
Gross margin		194,308		181,405
Operating income		149,409		137,827
Depreciation and amortization		8,643		8,188
Interest expense		5,739		2,680
Income tax expense		1,646		2,110
Net earnings		143,566		133,238

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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Note D – Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

During the first quarter of fiscal 2023, we committed to plans to liquidate certain fixed assets at our Samuel joint venture’s toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio. In accordance with the applicable accounting guidance, the net assets were recorded at the lower of net book value or fair market value less costs to sell resulting in a pre-tax impairment charge of $312.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, we lowered our estimate of fair value less costs to sell to reflect the expected scrap value of the equipment, or $150, resulting in a pre-tax impairment charge of $1,401.

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Restructuring and Other Income, Net

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring and Other Income, Net

Note E – Restructuring and Other Income, Net

We consider restructuring activities to be programs whereby we fundamentally change our operations, such as divestitures, closing or consolidating facilities, employee severance (including rationalizing headcount or other significant changes in personnel), and realignment of existing operations (including changes to management structure in response to underlying performance and/or changing market conditions).

We made severance payments associated with a prior restructuring initiative within Building Products totaling $135 during the three months ended August 31, 2023. As a result, there were no liabilities associated with our restructuring activities at August 31, 2023.

Restructuring and other income, net in the prior year quarter of $1,100 resulted primarily from the sale of the remaining real property of our former oil & gas equipment business on June 14, 2022, for net cash proceeds of $5,775.

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Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

Note F – Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

Legal Proceedings

We are defendants in certain legal actions. In the opinion of management, the outcome of these actions, which is not clearly determinable at the present time, would not significantly affect our consolidated financial position or future results of operations. We also believe that environmental issues will not have a material effect on our capital expenditures, consolidated financial position or future results of operations.

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Guarantees

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Guarantees and Product Warranties [Abstract]

Guarantees

Note G – Guarantees

We do not have guarantees that we believe are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our consolidated financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. However, at August 31, 2023 we were party to an operating lease for an aircraft in which we have guaranteed a residual value at the termination of the lease, which ends on March 30, 2028. The maximum obligation under the terms of this guarantee was approximately $16,491 at August 31, 2023. Based on current facts and circumstances, we have estimated the likelihood of payment pursuant to this guarantee is not probable and, therefore, no amount has been recognized in our consolidated financial statements.

At August 31, 2023, we also had in place $12,137 of outstanding stand-by letters of credit issued to third-party service providers. The fair value of these guarantee instruments, based on premiums paid, was not material and no amounts were drawn against them at August 31, 2023.

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Debt and Receivables Securitization

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt and Receivables Securitization

Note H – Debt and Receivables Securitization

The following table summarizes our long-term debt and short-term borrowings outstanding at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023:

	August 31,			May 31,
(In thousands)	2023			2023
Short-term borrowings	$	-		$	2,813
4.60% senior notes due August 10, 2024		150,000			150,000
4.55% senior notes due April 15, 2026		-			243,623
4.30% senior notes due August 1, 2032		200,000			200,000
1.56% Series A senior note due August 23, 2031		39,791			39,226
1.90% Series B senior notes due August 23, 2034		59,634			58,786
Other		401			528
Total debt		449,826			694,976
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs		(1,475	)		(2,181	)
Total debt, net		448,351			692,795
Less: current maturities and short-term borrowings		150,268			3,077
Total long-term debt	$	298,083		$	689,718

Maturities of long-term debt and short-term borrowings in the current fiscal year and next four fiscal years thereafter, are as follows:

(In thousands)
2024	$	133
2025		150,268
2026		-
2027		-
2028		-
Thereafter		299,425
Total	$	449,826

Long-Term Debt

On April 15, 2014, we issued senior unsecured notes in the principal amount of $250,000, which bear interest at a rate of 4.55% and are scheduled to mature on April 15, 2026 (the “2026 Notes”). During fiscal 2023, we purchased approximately $6,377 of principal amount of the 2026 Notes in open market transactions, leaving $243,623 within long-term debt at May 31, 2023. On June 29, 2023, we notified the trustee under the indenture to which the 2026 Notes are subject that we had elected to redeem in full the 2026 Notes. On July 28, 2023, we redeemed, in full, the 2026 Notes at a price that approximated the par value of the debt of $243,623. In connection with the debt redemption, we recognized a non-cash loss of $1,534 related primarily to unamortized debt issuance costs and amounts deferred in AOCI associated with an interest rate swap executed prior to the issuance of the 2026 Notes.

Other Financing Arrangements

We maintain a $500,000 multi-year revolving credit facility scheduled to mature on August 20, 2026 (the “Credit Facility”) with a group of lenders. Borrowings under the Credit Facility have maturities of up to one year. We have the option to borrow at rates equal to an applicable margin over the Simple SOFR Rate, the Prime Rate of PNC Bank, National Association or the Overnight Bank Funding Rate. The applicable margin is determined by our credit rating. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility at August 31, 2023, leaving $500,000 available for future use.

On May 19, 2022, we entered into a 5-year revolving trade accounts receivable securitization facility (“AR Facility”) that allowed for short-term borrowings of up to $175,000 through the factoring and subsequent sale, on a revolving basis, of eligible accounts receivable of certain of our subsidiaries to Worthington Receivables Company, LLC, a wholly-owned, consolidated, bankruptcy-remote indirect subsidiary. On June 29, 2023, we elected to terminate the AR Facility. No early termination or other similar fees or penalties were paid in connection with the termination.

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Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Note I – Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the tax effects on each component of OCI for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31, 2023									August 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Before-Tax			Tax			Net-of-Tax			Before-Tax			Tax			Net-of-Tax
Foreign currency translation	$	1,326		$	118		$	1,444		$	(9,519	)	$	(581	)	$	(10,100	)
Pension liability adjustment		-			(3	)		(3	)		3,725			(786	)		2,939
Cash flow hedges		(8,811	)		1,962			(6,849	)		(17,097	)		3,796			(13,301	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(7,485	)	$	2,077		$	(5,408	)	$	(22,891	)	$	2,429		$	(20,462	)

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Changes in Equity

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Changes in Equity

– Changes in Equity

The following tables summarize the changes in equity by component and in total for the periods presented:

	Controlling Interest
				Accumulated
				Other
	Additional			Comprehensive									Non-
	Paid-in			Income (Loss),			Retained						controlling
(In thousands)	Capital			Net of Tax			Earnings			Subtotal			Interests			Total
Balance at May 31, 2023	$	290,799		$	(23,179	)	$	1,428,391		$	1,696,011		$	125,617		$	1,821,628
Net earnings		-			-			96,106			96,106			3,597			99,703
Other comprehensive loss		-			(5,408	)		-			(5,408	)		-			(5,408	)
Common shares issued, net of withholding tax		(5,130	)		-			-			(5,130	)		-			(5,130	)
Common shares in non-qualified plans		130			-			-			130			-			130
Stock-based compensation		8,995			-			-			8,995			-			8,995
Cash dividends declared		-			-			(16,081	)		(16,081	)		-			(16,081	)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests		-			-			-			-			(1,921	)		(1,921	)
Balance at August 31, 2023	$	294,794		$	(28,587	)	$	1,508,416		$	1,774,623		$	127,293		$	1,901,916

	Controlling Interest
				Accumulated
				Other
	Additional			Comprehensive									Non-
	Paid-in			Income (Loss),			Retained						controlling
(In thousands)	Capital			Net of Tax			Earnings			Subtotal			Interests		Total
Balance at May 31, 2022	$	273,439		$	(22,850	)	$	1,230,163		$	1,480,752		$	133,210	$	1,613,962
Net earnings		-			-			64,082			64,082			1,162		65,244
Other comprehensive loss		-			(20,462	)		-			(20,462	)		-		(20,462	)
Common shares issued, net of withholding tax		(3,466	)		-			-			(3,466	)		-		(3,466	)
Common shares in non-qualified plans		136			-			-			136			-		136
Stock-based compensation		6,976			-			-			6,976			-		6,976
Cash dividends declared		-			-			(15,418	)		(15,418	)		-		(15,418	)
Balance at August 31, 2022	$	277,085		$	(43,312	)	$	1,278,827		$	1,512,600		$	134,372	$	1,646,972

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated OCI for the periods presented:

										Accumulated
	Foreign			Pension						Other
	Currency			Liability			Cash Flow			Comprehensive
(In thousands)	Translation			Adjustment			Hedges			Loss
Balance at May 31, 2023	$	(22,123	)	$	(1,730	)	$	674		$	(23,179	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		1,326			-			(2,038	)		(712	)
Reclassification adjustments to net earnings (a)		-			-			(6,773	)		(6,773	)
Income tax effect		118			(3	)		1,962			2,077
Balance at August 31, 2023	$	(20,679	)	$	(1,733	)	$	(6,175	)	$	(28,587	)

										Accumulated
	Foreign			Pension						Other
	Currency			Liability			Cash Flow			Comprehensive
(In thousands)	Translation			Adjustment			Hedges			Loss
Balance at May 31, 2022	$	(15,310	)	$	(6,244	)	$	(1,296	)	$	(22,850	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		(9,519	)		(1,049	)		(14,207	)		(24,775	)
Reclassification adjustments to net earnings (a)(b)		-			4,774			(2,890	)		1,884
Income tax effect		(581	)		(786	)		3,796			2,429
Balance at August 31, 2022	$	(25,410	)	$	(3,305	)	$	(14,597	)	$	(43,312	)

The consolidated statement of earnings classification of amounts reclassified to net income include:

(a)Cash flow hedges – See the disclosure in “Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities;” and

(b)Pension liability adjustment – Reflects a non-cash settlement charge of $4,774 recognized in connection with a pension lift-out transaction completed in August 2022 for The Gerstenslager Company Bargaining Unit Employees’ Pension Plan.

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Stock-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Note K – Stock-Based Compensation

Non-Qualified Stock Options

During the three months ended August 31, 2023, we granted non-qualified stock options covering a total of 54 common shares, no par value, of Worthington Industries (the “common shares”) under our stock-based compensation plans. The exercise price of $69.47 per share was equal to the market price of the underlying common shares on the grant date. The fair value of these non-qualified stock options, based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, calculated at the grant date, was $25.95 per share. The calculated pre-tax stock-based compensation expense for these non-qualified stock options was $1,401 and will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the three-year vesting period, net of any forfeitures. The following assumptions were used to value these non-qualified stock options:

Dividend yield	2.39	%
Expected volatility	43.00	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.05	%
Expected term (years)	6.0

Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the common shares and the risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury strip rate for the expected term of the non-qualified stock options. The expected term was developed using historical exercise experience.

Service-Based Restricted Common Shares

During the three months ended August 31, 2023, we granted an aggregate of 97 service-based restricted common shares under our stock-based compensation plans, which cliff vest three years from the grant date. The fair value of these restricted common shares was equal to the weighted average closing market price of the underlying common shares on the date of grant, or $69.62 per share. The calculated pre-tax stock-based compensation expense for these restricted common shares was $6,757 and will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the three-year service-based vesting period, net of any forfeitures.

Performance Share Awards

We have awarded performance shares to certain key employees under our stock-based compensation plans. These performance shares are earned based on the level of achievement with respect to corporate targets for cumulative corporate economic value added, earnings per share growth and, in the case of business unit executives, a business unit adjusted earnings before interest and taxes (“adjusted EBIT”) target, in each case for the three-year periods ending May 31, 2024, 2025 and 2026. These performance share awards will be paid, to the extent earned, in common shares in the fiscal quarter following the end of the applicable three-year performance period. The fair values of our performance shares are determined by the closing market prices of the underlying common shares at the respective grant dates of the performance shares and the pre-tax stock-based compensation expense is based on our periodic assessment of the probability of the targets being achieved and our estimate of the number of common shares that will ultimately be issued. During the three months ended August 31, 2023, we granted performance share awards covering an aggregate of 47 common shares (at target levels). The calculated pre-tax stock-based compensation expense for these performance shares is $3,235 (at target levels). The ultimate pre-tax stock-based compensation expense to be recognized over the three-year performance period on all tranches will vary based on our periodic assessment of the probability of the targets being achieved.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note L – Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three months ended August 31, 2023 and 2022 reflected estimated annual effective income tax rates of 23.3% and 23.9%, respectively, and excluded any impact from the inclusion of net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated statements of earnings. Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests are primarily a result of our WSP, Spartan, Samuel and TWB consolidated joint ventures. The net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interests in WSP, Spartan, Samuel and TWB’s U.S. operations do not generate tax expense to us since the investors in WSP, Spartan, Samuel and TWB’s U.S. operations are taxed directly based on the earnings attributable to them. The tax expense of TWB’s wholly-owned foreign corporations is reported in our consolidated income tax expense. Management is required to estimate the annual effective income tax rate based upon its forecast of annual pre-tax income for domestic and foreign operations. Our actual effective income tax rate for fiscal 2024 could be materially different from the forecasted rate as of August 31, 2023.

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Earnings per Share

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Share

Note M – Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to controlling interest for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In thousands, except per common share amounts)	2023		2022
Numerator (basic & diluted):
Net earnings attributable to controlling interest -
income available to common shareholders	$	96,106	$	64,082
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share attributable to
controlling interest – weighted average common shares		48,842		48,478
Effect of dilutive securities		1,044		760
Denominator for diluted earnings per share attributable to
controlling interest – adjusted weighted average common shares		49,886		49,238
Basic earnings per common share attributable to controlling interest	$	1.97	$	1.32
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to controlling interest	$	1.93	$	1.30

Stock options covering 37 and 117 common shares for the three months ended August 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, have been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive for those periods.

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Segment Operations

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Operations

Note N – Segment Operations

We are an industrial manufacturing company focused on value-added steel processing and manufactured consumer, building, and sustainable mobility products. Our operations are managed principally on a products and services basis and organized under four operating segments: Steel Processing, Consumer Products, Building Products, and Sustainable Energy Solutions. As none of our operating segments have been aggregated for segment reporting purposes, they correspond with our reportable segments. Segment information is prepared on the same basis that our CODM reviews financial information for operational decision-making purposes. Factors used to identify operating segments include the nature of the products and services provided by each business, the management reporting structure, the similarity of economic characteristics and certain quantitative measures, as prescribed by authoritative accounting guidance.

We have identified our Chief Executive Officer as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), as defined in the accounting literature. Our CODM assesses segment operating performance and allocates resources based on the profitability measure of adjusted EBIT. Adjusted EBIT excludes impairment and restructuring expense (income), but may also exclude other items, as described in the tables below, that management believes are not reflective of, and thus should not be included when evaluating the performance of our ongoing operations. Adjusted EBIT is a non-GAAP financial measure and is used by management to evaluate operating segment performance, engage in financial and operational planning and determine incentive compensation.

Impairment charges are excluded from adjusted EBIT because they do not occur in the ordinary course of our ongoing business operations, are inherently unpredictable in timing and amount, and are non-cash, so their exclusion facilitates the comparison of historical, current and forecasted financial results.

Restructuring activities consist of established programs that are not part of our ongoing operations, such as divestitures, closing or consolidating facilities, employee severance (including rationalizing headcount or other significant changes in personnel), and realignment of existing operations (including changes to management structure in response to underlying performance and/or changing market conditions).

The following table presents summarized financial information for our reportable segments for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended August 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Steel Processing		Consumer Products		Building Products		Sustainable Energy Solutions			Other			Consolidated
Net sales	$	881,339	$	149,412	$	133,868	$	28,637		$	-		$	1,193,256
Impairment of long-lived assets		1,401		-		-		-			-			1,401
Separation costs		-		-		-		-			6,035			6,035
Miscellaneous income (expense), net		712		31		57		281			(70	)		1,011
Loss on extinguishment of debt		-		-		-		-			1,534			1,534
Equity income		8,957		-		45,043		-			381			54,381
Adjusted EBIT (1)		78,002		8,991		54,016		(4,722	)		132			136,419

(1)Excludes the following:

•Impairment of long-lived assets resulted from a revision of the estimated fair value, less selling costs of certain production equipment at our consolidated Samuel joint venture that has been classified as held for sale since August 2022;

•Separation costs reflect direct and incremental costs in connection with the anticipated Separation and are held at the corporate level. These costs include fees paid to third-party parties for audit, advisory and legal services to effect the Separation, nonrecurring employee-related costs, such as retention bonuses, and nonrecurring functional costs associated with the separation of shared corporate functions;

•Loss on extinguishment of debt resulted from the redemption of the 2026 Notes, in full, on July 28, 2023, and consisted primarily unamortized debt issuance costs and the remaining loss deferred in AOCI associated with an interest rate swap executed prior to the issuance of the 2026 Notes; and

•Noncontrolling interest portion of impairment of long-lived assets of $517 within Steel Processing.

	Three Months Ended August 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Steel Processing		Consumer Products			Building Products		Sustainable Energy Solutions			Other			Consolidated
Net sales	$	1,038,880	$	188,703		$	150,323	$	30,759		$	-		$	1,408,665
Impairment of long-lived assets		312		-			-		-			-			312
Restructuring and other expense (income), net		78		-			-		-			(1,178	)		(1,100	)
Miscellaneous income, net		184		(35	)		222		(86	)		(5,371	)		(5,086	)
Equity income		1,770		-			43,866		-			(13,924	)		31,712
Adjusted EBIT (2)		34,913		20,934			52,734		(1,393	)		5,145			112,333

(2)Excludes the following:

•Impairment of long-lived assets resulted from the reclassification of the net assets of the Samuel toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio, to assets held for sale during August 2022;

•Restructuring and other income, net was driven primarily by a gain on the sale of the remaining real property of our former oil & gas equipment business on June 14, 2022;

•A non-cash settlement charge of $4,774 in miscellaneous income (expense), net within Other related to the pension lift-out transaction associated with the Gerstenslager Company Bargaining Unit Employees’ Pension Plan;

•A loss of $15,759 within equity income related to the August 31, 2022, sale of our 50% noncontrolling interest in ArtiFlex;

•Incremental compensation expense of $525 within Consumer Products related to the Level5 earnout agreement; and

•Noncontrolling interest portion of impairment of long-lived assets of $115 within Steel Processing

Total assets for each of our reportable segments at the dates indicated were as follows:

	August 31,		May 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2023
Total assets
Steel Processing	$	1,786,067	$	1,758,981
Consumer Products		615,223		615,430
Building Products		619,794		635,650
Sustainable Energy Solutions		139,147		129,872
Other		316,461		510,985
Total assets	$	3,476,692	$	3,650,918

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Acquisitions

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisitions

Note O – Acquisitions

Level5 Tools, LLC

On June 2, 2022, we acquired Level5, a leading provider of drywall tools and related accessories. The total purchase price was $59,321, including $2,000 attributed to an earnout agreement with the selling shareholders, that provides for up to an additional $25,000 of cash consideration should certain earnings targets be met annually through calendar year 2024. The earnout agreement also requires continued employment of a selling shareholder during the duration of the earnout period. Accordingly, payments to this key employee, to the extent earned, will be accounted for as post-combination compensation expense. As of August 31, 2023, no amounts were accrued as compensation expense for anticipated payments under the second earnout period ending December 31, 2023.

Level5 is being operated as part of the Consumer Products operating segment and its results have been included in our consolidated statements of earnings since the date of acquisition. Proforma results, including the acquired business since the beginning of fiscal 2022, would not be materially different from the reported results.

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized at their estimated acquisition-date fair values, with goodwill representing the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired. In connection with the acquisition of Level5, we identified and valued the following intangible assets:

(In thousands)
Category	Amount		Useful Life (Years)
Trade name	$	13,500	Indefinite
Customer relationships		13,300	10
Technological know-how		6,500	20
Non-compete agreement		280	3
Total acquired identifiable intangible assets	$	33,580

The purchase price includes the fair values of other assets that were not identifiable, not separately recognizable under accounting rules (e.g., assembled workforce) or of immaterial value. The purchase price also includes strategic and synergistic benefits (investment value) specific to us, which resulted in a purchase price in excess of the fair value of the identifiable net assets. This additional investment value resulted in goodwill which will be deductible for income tax purposes.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the final fair value assigned to the assets and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date.

(In thousands)	Preliminary Valuation			Measurement Period Adjustments			Final Valuation
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,515		$	-		$	1,515
Accounts receivable		2,860			-			2,860
Inventories		9,161			-			9,161
Prepaid expenses		64			-			64
Property, plant and equipment		273			-			273
Intangible assets		33,580			-			33,580
Operating lease assets		377			-			377
Total identifiable assets		47,830			-			47,830
Accounts payable		(3,175	)		-			(3,175	)
Accrued expenses		(904	)		151			(753	)
Current operating lease liabilities		(111	)		-			(111	)
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		(266	)		-			(266	)
Net identifiable assets		43,374			151			43,525
Goodwill		15,947			-			15,947
Total purchase price		59,321			151			59,472
Less: Fair value of earnout		(2,000	)		-			(2,000	)
Plus: Net working capital deficit		282			(151	)		131
Cash purchase price	$	57,603		$	-		$	57,603

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

– Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

We utilize derivative financial instruments to primarily manage exposure to certain risks related to our ongoing operations. The primary risks managed through the use of derivative financial instruments include interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price risk. While certain of our derivative financial instruments are designated as hedging instruments, we also enter into derivative financial instruments that are designed to hedge a risk, but are not designated as hedging instruments and, therefore, do not qualify for hedge accounting. These derivative financial instruments are adjusted to current fair value through earnings at the end of each period.

Interest Rate Risk Management – We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes. Our objective is to manage the impact of interest rate changes on cash flows and the market value of our borrowings. We utilize a mix of debt maturities along with both fixed-rate and variable-rate debt to manage changes in interest rates. In addition, we enter into interest rate swaps and treasury locks to further manage our exposure to interest rate variations related to our borrowings and to lower our overall borrowing costs.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Management – We conduct business in several major international currencies and are, therefore, subject to risks associated with changing foreign currency exchange rates. We enter into various contracts that change in value as foreign currency exchange rates change to manage this exposure. Such contracts limit exposure to both favorable and unfavorable currency exchange rate fluctuations. The translation of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars also subjects us to exposure related to fluctuating currency exchange rates; however, derivative financial instruments are not used to manage this risk.

Commodity Price Risk Management – We are exposed to changes in the price of certain commodities, including steel, natural gas, copper, zinc and other raw materials, and our utility requirements. Our objective is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility associated with forecasted purchases and sales of these commodities to allow management to focus its attention on business operations. Accordingly, we enter into derivative financial instruments to manage the associated price risk.

We are exposed to counterparty credit risk on all of our derivative financial instruments. Accordingly, we have established and maintain strict counterparty credit guidelines. We have credit support agreements in place with certain counterparties to limit our credit exposure. These agreements require either party to post cash collateral if its cumulative market position exceeds a predefined liability threshold. Amounts posted to the margin accounts accrue interest at market rates and are required to be refunded in the period in which the cumulative market position falls below the required threshold. We do not have significant exposure to any one counterparty, and management believes the overall risk of loss is remote and, in any event, would not be material.

Refer to “Note Q – Fair Value” for additional information regarding the accounting treatment for our derivative financial instruments, as well as how fair value is determined.

The following table summarizes the fair value of our derivative financial instruments and the respective lines in which they were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at August 31, 2023:

	Asset Derivatives			Liability Derivatives
	Balance			Balance
	Sheet	Fair		Sheet	Fair
(In thousands)	Location	Value		Location	Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables	$	80	Accounts payable	$	9,490
	Other assets		176	Other liabilities		-
			256			9,490
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Receivables		-	Accounts payable		63
			-			63
Subtotals		$	256		$	9,553
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables	$	976	Accounts payable	$	3,320
	Other assets		-	Other liabilities		20
Subtotals			976			3,340
Total derivative financial instruments		$	1,232		$	12,893

The amounts in the table above reflect the fair value of our derivative financial instruments on a net basis where allowable under master netting arrangements. Had these amounts been recognized on a gross basis, the impact would have been a $3,791 increase in receivables with a corresponding increase in accounts payable.

The following table summarizes the fair value of our derivative financial instruments and the respective lines in which they were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at May 31, 2023:

	Asset Derivatives			Liability Derivatives
	Balance			Balance
	Sheet	Fair		Sheet	Fair
(In thousands)	Location	Value		Location	Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables	$	20	Accounts payable	$	6,749
	Other assets		51	Other liabilities		379
			71			7,128
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Receivables		-	Accounts payable		33
			-			33
Subtotals		$	71		$	7,161
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables	$	2,539	Accounts payable	$	8,604
	Other assets		-	Other liabilities		35
Subtotals			2,539			8,639
Total derivative financial instruments		$	2,610		$	15,800

The amounts in the table above reflect the fair value of our derivative financial instruments on a net basis where allowable under master netting arrangements. Had these amounts been recognized on a gross basis, the impact would have been a $7,576 increase in receivables with a corresponding increase in accounts payable.

Cash Flow Hedges

We enter into derivative financial instruments to hedge our exposure to changes in cash flows attributable to commodity price fluctuations associated with certain forecasted transactions. These derivative financial instruments are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. The earnings effects of these derivative financial instruments are presented in the same statement of earnings line items as the earnings effects of the hedged items. For derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges, we assess hedge effectiveness both at the onset of the hedge and at regular intervals throughout the life of the derivative financial instruments.

The following table summarizes our cash flow hedges outstanding at August 31, 2023:

	Notional
(In thousands)	Amount		Maturity Date
Commodity contracts	$	63,431	September 2023 - December 2024
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	2,494	September 2023 - November 2023

The following table summarizes the gain (loss) recognized in OCI and the gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into net earnings for derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges for the periods presented:

(In thousands)	Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI			Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Earnings	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Earnings
For the three months ended August 31, 2023:
Commodity contracts	$	(2,061	)	Cost of goods sold	$	7,330
Interest rate contracts		-		Loss on extinguishment of debt		(641	)
Interest rate contracts		-		Interest expense, net		31
Foreign currency exchange contracts		23		Net sales/Cost of goods sold		53
Total	$	(2,038	)		$	6,773
For the three months ended August 31, 2022:
Commodity contracts	$	(14,045	)	Cost of goods sold	$	2,869
Interest rate contracts		-		Interest expense		(7	)
Foreign currency exchange contracts		(162	)	Miscellaneous income, net		28
Total	$	(14,207	)		$	2,890

The estimated net amount of the losses recognized in AOCI at August 31, 2023 expected to be reclassified into net earnings within the succeeding twelve months is $7,750 (net of tax of $2,182). This amount was computed using the fair value of the cash flow hedges at August 31, 2023, and will change before actual reclassification from OCI to net earnings during the fiscal years ending May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2025.

Economic (Non-designated) Hedges

We enter into foreign currency exchange contracts to manage our foreign currency exchange rate exposure related to inter-company and financing transactions that do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting treatment. We also enter into certain commodity contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Accordingly, these derivative financial instruments are adjusted to current market value at the end of each period through gain (loss) recognized in earnings.

The following table summarizes our economic (non-designated) derivative financial instruments outstanding at August 31, 2023:

	Notional
(In thousands)	Amount		Maturity Date(s)
Commodity contracts	$	13,619	September 2023 - December 2024

The following table summarizes the gain (loss) recognized in earnings for economic (non-designated) derivative financial instruments for the periods presented:

		Loss Recognized
		In Earnings for the
	Location of Loss	Three Months Ended August 31,
(In thousands)	Recognized in Earnings	2023			2022
Commodity contracts	Cost of goods sold	$	(1,019	)	$	(1,577	)

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Fair Value

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value

Note Q – Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is an exit price concept that assumes an orderly transaction between willing market participants and is required to be based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Current accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy as a basis for considering such assumptions and for classifying the inputs used in the valuation methodologies. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair values are as follows:

Level 1 – Observable prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets and liabilities, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

At August 31, 2023, our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

			Significant
	Quoted Prices		Other		Significant
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Totals
Assets
Derivative financial instruments (1)	$	-	$	1,232	$	-	$	1,232
Total assets	$	-	$	1,232	$	-	$	1,232
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments (1)	$	-	$	12,893	$	-	$	12,893
Total liabilities	$	-	$	12,893	$	-	$	12,893

(1)The fair value of our derivative financial instruments is based on the present value of the expected future cash flows considering the risks involved, including non-performance risk, and using discount rates appropriate for the respective maturities. Market observable, Level 2 inputs are used to determine the present value of the expected future cash flows. Refer to “Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities” for additional information regarding our use of derivative financial instruments.

At May 31, 2023, our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

			Significant
	Quoted Prices		Other		Significant
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Totals
Assets
Derivative financial instruments (1)	$	-	$	2,610	$	-	$	2,610
Total assets	$	-	$	2,610	$	-	$	2,610
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments (1)	$	-	$	15,800	$	-	$	15,800
Total liabilities	$	-	$	15,800	$	-	$	15,800

(1)The fair value of our derivative financial instruments is based on the present value of the expected future cash flows considering the risks involved, including non-performance risk, and using discount rates appropriate for the respective maturities. Market observable, Level 2 inputs are used to determine the present value of the expected future cash flows. Refer to “Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities” for additional information regarding our use of derivative financial instruments.

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

At August 31, 2023, our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis were as follows:

			Significant
	Quoted Prices		Other		Significant
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Totals
Assets
Long-lived assets held for sale (1)	$	-	$	150	$	-	$	150
Total assets	$	-	$	150	$	-	$	150

(1)Comprised of production equipment at our former toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio. Refer to “Note D – Impairment of Long-Lived Assets” for additional information.

At May 31, 2023, our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis were as follows:

			Significant
	Quoted Prices		Other		Significant
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Totals
Assets
Long-lived assets held for sale (1)	$	-	$	2,623	$	-	$	2,623
Long-lived assets held and used (2)		-		70		-		70
Total assets	$	-	$	2,693	$	-	$	2,693

(1)Comprised of the following: (1) idled equipment at the manufacturing facility in Taylor, Michigan; and (2) the net assets of our former toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio.

(2)Comprised of certain assets associated with a capital project at our Building Products facility in Jefferson, Ohio which were written down to their estimated salvage value of $70.

The fair value of non-derivative financial instruments included in the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, income taxes receivable, other assets, accounts payable, accrued compensation, contributions to employee benefit plans and related taxes, other accrued items, income taxes payable and other liabilities approximate carrying value due to their short-term nature. The fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities, based upon models utilizing market observable (Level 2) inputs and credit risk, was $395,987 and $639,948 at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023, respectively. The carrying amount of long-term debt, including current maturities, was $448,351 and $689,982 at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023, respectively.

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Note R – Subsequent Events

On September 27, 2023, we amended and restated the Credit Facility, extending the final maturity from August 20, 2026 to September 27, 2028 while keeping in place the $500,000 aggregate commitments under the Credit Facility.

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]

Revenue by Product Class and Over Time

The following table summarizes net sales by operating segment and product class within the Steel Processing operating segment for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Steel Processing
Direct	$	845,363	$	1,002,135
Toll		35,976		36,745
Total		881,339		1,038,880
Consumer Products		149,412		188,703
Building Products		133,868		150,323
Sustainable Energy Solutions		28,637		30,759
Total	$	1,193,256	$	1,408,665

Summary of Unbilled Receivable

The following table summarizes the unbilled receivables at the dates indicated:

		August 31,		May 31,
(In thousands)	Balance Sheet Classification	2023		2023
Unbilled receivables	Receivables	$	3,513	$	3,708

Over time revenue

Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]

Revenue by Product Class and Over Time

The following table summarizes revenue that has been recognized over time for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Steel Processing - toll	$	35,976	$	36,745

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Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Financial Information

The following tables summarize combined financial information for our unconsolidated affiliates as of the dates, and for the periods presented:

	August 31,		May 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	45,766	$	49,185
Other current assets		862,913		899,913
Noncurrent assets		390,681		394,468
Total assets	$	1,299,360	$	1,343,566
Current liabilities		309,692		247,796
Current maturities of long-term debt		32,151		36,936
Long-term debt		348,269		349,215
Other noncurrent liabilities		141,328		144,649
Equity		467,920		564,970
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,299,360	$	1,343,566

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Net sales	$	720,433	$	823,942
Gross margin		194,308		181,405
Operating income		149,409		137,827
Depreciation and amortization		8,643		8,188
Interest expense		5,739		2,680
Income tax expense		1,646		2,110
Net earnings		143,566		133,238

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Debt and Receivables Securitization (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings Outstanding

The following table summarizes our long-term debt and short-term borrowings outstanding at August 31, 2023 and May 31, 2023:

	August 31,			May 31,
(In thousands)	2023			2023
Short-term borrowings	$	-		$	2,813
4.60% senior notes due August 10, 2024		150,000			150,000
4.55% senior notes due April 15, 2026		-			243,623
4.30% senior notes due August 1, 2032		200,000			200,000
1.56% Series A senior note due August 23, 2031		39,791			39,226
1.90% Series B senior notes due August 23, 2034		59,634			58,786
Other		401			528
Total debt		449,826			694,976
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs		(1,475	)		(2,181	)
Total debt, net		448,351			692,795
Less: current maturities and short-term borrowings		150,268			3,077
Total long-term debt	$	298,083		$	689,718

Maturities of Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings

Maturities of long-term debt and short-term borrowings in the current fiscal year and next four fiscal years thereafter, are as follows:

(In thousands)
2024	$	133
2025		150,268
2026		-
2027		-
2028		-
Thereafter		299,425
Total	$	449,826

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Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Summary of Tax Effects on Each Component of OCI

The following table summarizes the tax effects on each component of OCI for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31, 2023									August 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Before-Tax			Tax			Net-of-Tax			Before-Tax			Tax			Net-of-Tax
Foreign currency translation	$	1,326		$	118		$	1,444		$	(9,519	)	$	(581	)	$	(10,100	)
Pension liability adjustment		-			(3	)		(3	)		3,725			(786	)		2,939
Cash flow hedges		(8,811	)		1,962			(6,849	)		(17,097	)		3,796			(13,301	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(7,485	)	$	2,077		$	(5,408	)	$	(22,891	)	$	2,429		$	(20,462	)

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Changes in Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Summary of Changes in Equity by Component and in Total

The following tables summarize the changes in equity by component and in total for the periods presented:

	Controlling Interest
				Accumulated
				Other
	Additional			Comprehensive									Non-
	Paid-in			Income (Loss),			Retained						controlling
(In thousands)	Capital			Net of Tax			Earnings			Subtotal			Interests			Total
Balance at May 31, 2023	$	290,799		$	(23,179	)	$	1,428,391		$	1,696,011		$	125,617		$	1,821,628
Net earnings		-			-			96,106			96,106			3,597			99,703
Other comprehensive loss		-			(5,408	)		-			(5,408	)		-			(5,408	)
Common shares issued, net of withholding tax		(5,130	)		-			-			(5,130	)		-			(5,130	)
Common shares in non-qualified plans		130			-			-			130			-			130
Stock-based compensation		8,995			-			-			8,995			-			8,995
Cash dividends declared		-			-			(16,081	)		(16,081	)		-			(16,081	)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests		-			-			-			-			(1,921	)		(1,921	)
Balance at August 31, 2023	$	294,794		$	(28,587	)	$	1,508,416		$	1,774,623		$	127,293		$	1,901,916

	Controlling Interest
				Accumulated
				Other
	Additional			Comprehensive									Non-
	Paid-in			Income (Loss),			Retained						controlling
(In thousands)	Capital			Net of Tax			Earnings			Subtotal			Interests		Total
Balance at May 31, 2022	$	273,439		$	(22,850	)	$	1,230,163		$	1,480,752		$	133,210	$	1,613,962
Net earnings		-			-			64,082			64,082			1,162		65,244
Other comprehensive loss		-			(20,462	)		-			(20,462	)		-		(20,462	)
Common shares issued, net of withholding tax		(3,466	)		-			-			(3,466	)		-		(3,466	)
Common shares in non-qualified plans		136			-			-			136			-		136
Stock-based compensation		6,976			-			-			6,976			-		6,976
Cash dividends declared		-			-			(15,418	)		(15,418	)		-		(15,418	)
Balance at August 31, 2022	$	277,085		$	(43,312	)	$	1,278,827		$	1,512,600		$	134,372	$	1,646,972

Summary of Changes in Accumulated OCI

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated OCI for the periods presented:

										Accumulated
	Foreign			Pension						Other
	Currency			Liability			Cash Flow			Comprehensive
(In thousands)	Translation			Adjustment			Hedges			Loss
Balance at May 31, 2023	$	(22,123	)	$	(1,730	)	$	674		$	(23,179	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		1,326			-			(2,038	)		(712	)
Reclassification adjustments to net earnings (a)		-			-			(6,773	)		(6,773	)
Income tax effect		118			(3	)		1,962			2,077
Balance at August 31, 2023	$	(20,679	)	$	(1,733	)	$	(6,175	)	$	(28,587	)

										Accumulated
	Foreign			Pension						Other
	Currency			Liability			Cash Flow			Comprehensive
(In thousands)	Translation			Adjustment			Hedges			Loss
Balance at May 31, 2022	$	(15,310	)	$	(6,244	)	$	(1,296	)	$	(22,850	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		(9,519	)		(1,049	)		(14,207	)		(24,775	)
Reclassification adjustments to net earnings (a)(b)		-			4,774			(2,890	)		1,884
Income tax effect		(581	)		(786	)		3,796			2,429
Balance at August 31, 2022	$	(25,410	)	$	(3,305	)	$	(14,597	)	$	(43,312	)

The consolidated statement of earnings classification of amounts reclassified to net income include:

(a)Cash flow hedges – See the disclosure in “Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities;” and

(b)Pension liability adjustment – Reflects a non-cash settlement charge of $4,774 recognized in connection with a pension lift-out transaction completed in August 2022 for The Gerstenslager Company Bargaining Unit Employees’ Pension Plan.

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Non-Qualified Stock Options

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Assumptions Used to Determine Fair Value of Non-qualified Stock Options

The following assumptions were used to value these non-qualified stock options:

Dividend yield	2.39	%
Expected volatility	43.00	%
Risk-free interest rate	4.05	%
Expected term (years)	6.0

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Earnings per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share Attributable to Controlling Interest

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to controlling interest for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
(In thousands, except per common share amounts)	2023		2022
Numerator (basic & diluted):
Net earnings attributable to controlling interest -
income available to common shareholders	$	96,106	$	64,082
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share attributable to
controlling interest – weighted average common shares		48,842		48,478
Effect of dilutive securities		1,044		760
Denominator for diluted earnings per share attributable to
controlling interest – adjusted weighted average common shares		49,886		49,238
Basic earnings per common share attributable to controlling interest	$	1.97	$	1.32
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to controlling interest	$	1.93	$	1.30

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Segment Operations (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Financial Information for Reportable Segments

The following table presents summarized financial information for our reportable segments for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended August 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Steel Processing		Consumer Products		Building Products		Sustainable Energy Solutions			Other			Consolidated
Net sales	$	881,339	$	149,412	$	133,868	$	28,637		$	-		$	1,193,256
Impairment of long-lived assets		1,401		-		-		-			-			1,401
Separation costs		-		-		-		-			6,035			6,035
Miscellaneous income (expense), net		712		31		57		281			(70	)		1,011
Loss on extinguishment of debt		-		-		-		-			1,534			1,534
Equity income		8,957		-		45,043		-			381			54,381
Adjusted EBIT (1)		78,002		8,991		54,016		(4,722	)		132			136,419

(1)Excludes the following:

•Impairment of long-lived assets resulted from a revision of the estimated fair value, less selling costs of certain production equipment at our consolidated Samuel joint venture that has been classified as held for sale since August 2022;

•Separation costs reflect direct and incremental costs in connection with the anticipated Separation and are held at the corporate level. These costs include fees paid to third-party parties for audit, advisory and legal services to effect the Separation, nonrecurring employee-related costs, such as retention bonuses, and nonrecurring functional costs associated with the separation of shared corporate functions;

•Loss on extinguishment of debt resulted from the redemption of the 2026 Notes, in full, on July 28, 2023, and consisted primarily unamortized debt issuance costs and the remaining loss deferred in AOCI associated with an interest rate swap executed prior to the issuance of the 2026 Notes; and

•Noncontrolling interest portion of impairment of long-lived assets of $517 within Steel Processing.

	Three Months Ended August 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Steel Processing		Consumer Products			Building Products		Sustainable Energy Solutions			Other			Consolidated
Net sales	$	1,038,880	$	188,703		$	150,323	$	30,759		$	-		$	1,408,665
Impairment of long-lived assets		312		-			-		-			-			312
Restructuring and other expense (income), net		78		-			-		-			(1,178	)		(1,100	)
Miscellaneous income, net		184		(35	)		222		(86	)		(5,371	)		(5,086	)
Equity income		1,770		-			43,866		-			(13,924	)		31,712
Adjusted EBIT (2)		34,913		20,934			52,734		(1,393	)		5,145			112,333

(2)Excludes the following:

•Impairment of long-lived assets resulted from the reclassification of the net assets of the Samuel toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio, to assets held for sale during August 2022;

•Restructuring and other income, net was driven primarily by a gain on the sale of the remaining real property of our former oil & gas equipment business on June 14, 2022;

•A non-cash settlement charge of $4,774 in miscellaneous income (expense), net within Other related to the pension lift-out transaction associated with the Gerstenslager Company Bargaining Unit Employees’ Pension Plan;

•A loss of $15,759 within equity income related to the August 31, 2022, sale of our 50% noncontrolling interest in ArtiFlex;

•Incremental compensation expense of $525 within Consumer Products related to the Level5 earnout agreement; and

•Noncontrolling interest portion of impairment of long-lived assets of $115 within Steel Processing

Total assets for each of our reportable segments at the dates indicated were as follows:

	August 31,		May 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2023
Total assets
Steel Processing	$	1,786,067	$	1,758,981
Consumer Products		615,223		615,430
Building Products		619,794		635,650
Sustainable Energy Solutions		139,147		129,872
Other		316,461		510,985
Total assets	$	3,476,692	$	3,650,918

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Acquisitions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Schedule of Consideration Transferred for the Assets and the Preliminary Fair Value Assigned to Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the final fair value assigned to the assets and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date.

(In thousands)	Preliminary Valuation			Measurement Period Adjustments			Final Valuation
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,515		$	-		$	1,515
Accounts receivable		2,860			-			2,860
Inventories		9,161			-			9,161
Prepaid expenses		64			-			64
Property, plant and equipment		273			-			273
Intangible assets		33,580			-			33,580
Operating lease assets		377			-			377
Total identifiable assets		47,830			-			47,830
Accounts payable		(3,175	)		-			(3,175	)
Accrued expenses		(904	)		151			(753	)
Current operating lease liabilities		(111	)		-			(111	)
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		(266	)		-			(266	)
Net identifiable assets		43,374			151			43,525
Goodwill		15,947			-			15,947
Total purchase price		59,321			151			59,472
Less: Fair value of earnout		(2,000	)		-			(2,000	)
Plus: Net working capital deficit		282			(151	)		131
Cash purchase price	$	57,603		$	-		$	57,603

Level5 Tools, LLC

Schedule of Acquisition of Intangible Assets

In connection with the acquisition of Level5, we identified and valued the following intangible assets:

(In thousands)
Category	Amount		Useful Life (Years)
Trade name	$	13,500	Indefinite
Customer relationships		13,300	10
Technological know-how		6,500	20
Non-compete agreement		280	3
Total acquired identifiable intangible assets	$	33,580

The purchase price includes the fair values of other assets that were not identifiable, not separately recognizable under accounting rules (e.g., assembled workforce) or of immaterial value. The purchase price also includes strategic and synergistic benefits (investment value) specific to us, which resulted in a purchase price in excess of the fair value of the identifiable net assets. This additional investment value resulted in goodwill which will be deductible for income tax purposes.

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Schedule of Fair Value of Derivative Instruments

The following table summarizes the fair value of our derivative financial instruments and the respective lines in which they were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at August 31, 2023:

	Asset Derivatives			Liability Derivatives
	Balance			Balance
	Sheet	Fair		Sheet	Fair
(In thousands)	Location	Value		Location	Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables	$	80	Accounts payable	$	9,490
	Other assets		176	Other liabilities		-
			256			9,490
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Receivables		-	Accounts payable		63
			-			63
Subtotals		$	256		$	9,553
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables	$	976	Accounts payable	$	3,320
	Other assets		-	Other liabilities		20
Subtotals			976			3,340
Total derivative financial instruments		$	1,232		$	12,893

The following table summarizes the fair value of our derivative financial instruments and the respective lines in which they were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at May 31, 2023:

	Asset Derivatives			Liability Derivatives
	Balance			Balance
	Sheet	Fair		Sheet	Fair
(In thousands)	Location	Value		Location	Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables	$	20	Accounts payable	$	6,749
	Other assets		51	Other liabilities		379
			71			7,128
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Receivables		-	Accounts payable		33
			-			33
Subtotals		$	71		$	7,161
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables	$	2,539	Accounts payable	$	8,604
	Other assets		-	Other liabilities		35
Subtotals			2,539			8,639
Total derivative financial instruments		$	2,610		$	15,800

Schedule of Summary of Derivative Hedges

The following table summarizes our economic (non-designated) derivative financial instruments outstanding at August 31, 2023:

	Notional
(In thousands)	Amount		Maturity Date(s)
Commodity contracts	$	13,619	September 2023 - December 2024

The following table summarizes the gain (loss) recognized in earnings for economic (non-designated) derivative financial instruments for the periods presented:

		Loss Recognized
		In Earnings for the
	Location of Loss	Three Months Ended August 31,
(In thousands)	Recognized in Earnings	2023			2022
Commodity contracts	Cost of goods sold	$	(1,019	)	$	(1,577	)

Cash Flow Hedges

Schedule of Summary of Derivative Hedges

The following table summarizes our cash flow hedges outstanding at August 31, 2023:

	Notional
(In thousands)	Amount		Maturity Date
Commodity contracts	$	63,431	September 2023 - December 2024
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	2,494	September 2023 - November 2023

The following table summarizes the gain (loss) recognized in OCI and the gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into net earnings for derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges for the periods presented:

(In thousands)	Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI			Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Earnings	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Earnings
For the three months ended August 31, 2023:
Commodity contracts	$	(2,061	)	Cost of goods sold	$	7,330
Interest rate contracts		-		Loss on extinguishment of debt		(641	)
Interest rate contracts		-		Interest expense, net		31
Foreign currency exchange contracts		23		Net sales/Cost of goods sold		53
Total	$	(2,038	)		$	6,773
For the three months ended August 31, 2022:
Commodity contracts	$	(14,045	)	Cost of goods sold	$	2,869
Interest rate contracts		-		Interest expense		(7	)
Foreign currency exchange contracts		(162	)	Miscellaneous income, net		28
Total	$	(14,207	)		$	2,890

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Fair Value (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Aug. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

At August 31, 2023, our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

			Significant
	Quoted Prices		Other		Significant
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Totals
Assets
Derivative financial instruments (1)	$	-	$	1,232	$	-	$	1,232
Total assets	$	-	$	1,232	$	-	$	1,232
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments (1)	$	-	$	12,893	$	-	$	12,893
Total liabilities	$	-	$	12,893	$	-	$	12,893

(1)The fair value of our derivative financial instruments is based on the present value of the expected future cash flows considering the risks involved, including non-performance risk, and using discount rates appropriate for the respective maturities. Market observable, Level 2 inputs are used to determine the present value of the expected future cash flows. Refer to “Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities” for additional information regarding our use of derivative financial instruments.

At May 31, 2023, our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

			Significant
	Quoted Prices		Other		Significant
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Totals
Assets
Derivative financial instruments (1)	$	-	$	2,610	$	-	$	2,610
Total assets	$	-	$	2,610	$	-	$	2,610
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments (1)	$	-	$	15,800	$	-	$	15,800
Total liabilities	$	-	$	15,800	$	-	$	15,800

(1)The fair value of our derivative financial instruments is based on the present value of the expected future cash flows considering the risks involved, including non-performance risk, and using discount rates appropriate for the respective maturities. Market observable, Level 2 inputs are used to determine the present value of the expected future cash flows. Refer to “Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities” for additional information regarding our use of derivative financial instruments.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on Non-Recurring Basis

At August 31, 2023, our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis were as follows:

			Significant
	Quoted Prices		Other		Significant
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Totals
Assets
Long-lived assets held for sale (1)	$	-	$	150	$	-	$	150
Total assets	$	-	$	150	$	-	$	150

(1)Comprised of production equipment at our former toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio. Refer to “Note D – Impairment of Long-Lived Assets” for additional information.

At May 31, 2023, our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis were as follows:

			Significant
	Quoted Prices		Other		Significant
	in Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In thousands)	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Totals
Assets
Long-lived assets held for sale (1)	$	-	$	2,623	$	-	$	2,623
Long-lived assets held and used (2)		-		70		-		70
Total assets	$	-	$	2,693	$	-	$	2,693

(1)Comprised of the following: (1) idled equipment at the manufacturing facility in Taylor, Michigan; and (2) the net assets of our former toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio.

(2)Comprised of certain assets associated with a capital project at our Building Products facility in Jefferson, Ohio which were written down to their estimated salvage value of $70.

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Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023 USD ($) Jointventure
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Separation costs | $	$ 6,035
Joint Venture Transactions
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of operating joint ventures | Jointventure	3
Spartan | Joint Venture Transactions
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percent of controlling interest by the Company	52.00%
TWB | Joint Venture Transactions
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percent of controlling interest by the Company	55.00%
Samuel | Joint Venture Transactions
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percent of controlling interest by the Company	63.00%
Worthington Specialty Processing | Joint Venture Transactions
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percent of controlling interest by the Company	51.00%

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Revenue Recognition - Revenue by Product Class and Timing (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 1,193,256	$ 1,408,665
Steel Processing
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	881,339	1,038,880
Direct | Steel Processing
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	845,363	1,002,135
Toll | Steel Processing
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	35,976	36,745
Toll | Steel Processing | Over time revenue
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	35,976	36,745
Building Products
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	133,868	150,323
Consumer products
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	149,412	188,703
Sustainable Energy Solutions
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 28,637	$ 30,759

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Revenue Recognition - Summary of Unbilled Receivables (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023
Receivables
Unbilled Receivables And Contract Assets [Line Items]
Unbilled receivables	$ 3,513	$ 3,708

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Revenue Recognition - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract assets	$ 0	$ 0

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Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Aug. 03, 2022	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022	May 31, 2023
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Distributions from unconsolidated affiliates		$ 64,606
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates		$ 241,564		$ 252,591
Pre-tax loss on sale of equity			$ (15,759)
ArtiFlex
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Percent of ownership interest held in unconsolidated affiliates	50.00%		50.00%
Equity method investment sold amount after adjustments for closing debt and final net working capital	$ 36,095
Pre-tax loss on sale of equity	$ (15,759)
ClarkDietrich
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Percent of ownership interest held in unconsolidated affiliates		25.00%
Workhorse
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Percent of ownership interest held in unconsolidated affiliates		20.00%
Serviacero Worthington
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Percent of ownership interest held in unconsolidated affiliates		50.00%
WAVE
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Percent of ownership interest held in unconsolidated affiliates		50.00%
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates		$ 116,377		$ 117,297

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Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates - Schedule of Combined Financial Information for Unconsolidated Affiliates (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022	May 31, 2023
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 201,009		$ 454,946
Total assets	3,476,692		3,650,918
Current liabilities	868,939		717,558
Short-term borrowings			2,813
Current maturities of long-term debt	150,268		264
Long-term debt	298,083		689,718
Other noncurrent liabilities	109,840		113,286
Equity	1,774,623		1,696,011
Total liabilities and equity	3,476,692		3,650,918
Net sales	1,193,256	$ 1,408,665
Gross margin	197,489	169,374
Operating income	77,705	66,714
Depreciation and amortization	28,325	28,001
Income tax expense	28,777	19,498
Net earnings	99,703	65,244
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee, Other
Investments in and Advances to Affiliates [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	45,766		49,185
Other current assets	862,913		899,913
Noncurrent assets	390,681		394,468
Total assets	1,299,360		1,343,566
Current liabilities	309,692		247,796
Current maturities of long-term debt	32,151		36,936
Long-term debt	348,269		349,215
Other noncurrent liabilities	141,328		144,649
Equity	467,920		564,970
Total liabilities and equity	1,299,360		$ 1,343,566
Net sales	720,433	823,942
Gross margin	194,308	181,405
Operating income	149,409	137,827
Depreciation and amortization	8,643	8,188
Interest expense	5,739	2,680
Income tax expense	1,646	2,110
Net earnings	$ 143,566	$ 133,238

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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Impairment charge of long-lived assets	$ 1,401	$ 312
Estimate of fair value less costs to sell	$ 150

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Restructuring and Other Income, Net - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Jun. 14, 2022	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Severance payments		$ 135,000
Restructuring liabilities		$ 0
Restructuring and other expense, net			$ (1,100,000)
Net cash proceeds	$ 5,775,000

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Guarantees - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Stand-by Letters of Credit
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Letter of credit amount outstanding	$ 12,137,000
Drawn amount of letter of credit outstanding	0
Operating Lease of Aircraft
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Maximum potential obligation	$ 16,491,000

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Debt and Receivables Securitization - Summary of Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings Outstanding (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings		$ 2,813
Total debt	$ 449,826	694,976
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	(1,475)	(2,181)
Total debt, net	448,351	692,795
Less: current maturities and short-term borrowings	150,268	3,077
Total long-term debt	298,083	689,718
4.60% Senior Notes due August 10, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior notes	150,000	150,000
4.55% Senior Notes due April 15, 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior notes		243,623
4.30% Senior Notes due August 1, 2032
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior notes	200,000	200,000
1.56% Series A Senior Note due August 23, 2031
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior notes	39,791	39,226
1.90% Series B Senior Notes due August 23, 2034
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior notes	59,634	58,786
Other Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	$ 401	$ 528

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Debt and Receivables Securitization - Summary of Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings Outstanding (Parenthetical) (Detail)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023
4.60% Senior Notes due August 10, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt, interest rate	4.60%	4.60%
Debt, maturity date	Aug. 10, 2024	Aug. 10, 2024
4.55% Senior Notes due April 15, 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt, interest rate	4.55%	4.55%
Debt, maturity date	Apr. 15, 2026	Apr. 15, 2026
4.30% Senior Notes due August 1, 2032
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt, interest rate	4.30%	4.30%
Debt, maturity date	Aug. 01, 2032	Aug. 01, 2032
1.56% Series A Senior Note due August 23, 2031
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt, interest rate	1.56%	1.56%
Debt, maturity date	Aug. 23, 2031	Aug. 23, 2031
1.90% Series B Senior Notes due August 23, 2034
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt, interest rate	1.90%	1.90%
Debt, maturity date	Aug. 23, 2034	Aug. 23, 2034

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Debt and Receivables Securitization - Maturities on Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings (Detail) $ in Thousands	Aug. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 133
2025	150,268
Thereafter	299,425
Total	$ 449,826

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Debt and Receivables Securitization - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended
	Jul. 28, 2023	Apr. 15, 2014	Aug. 31, 2023	Jun. 29, 2023	May 31, 2023	May 19, 2022
Debt And Receivables Securitization [Line Items]
Long-term debt			$ 449,826,000
Non-cash loss recognised			(1,534,000)
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount (Premium) and Debt Issuance Costs, Net, Total			(1,475,000)		$ (2,181,000)
Borrowings outstanding			0
Short-term loan facilities					2,813,000
2026 Notes
Debt And Receivables Securitization [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 243,623,000	$ 250,000,000	6,377,000
Debt, interest rate		4.55%
Debt, maturity date		Apr. 15, 2026
Long-term debt					$ 243,623,000
Non-cash loss recognised	$ 1,534,000
Senior notes, maturity date		Apr. 15, 2026
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
Debt And Receivables Securitization [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity			$ 500,000
Maturity date			Aug. 20, 2026
Line of credit facility, description			We maintain a $500,000 multi-year revolving credit facility scheduled to mature on August 20, 2026 (the “Credit Facility”) with a group of lenders. Borrowings under the Credit Facility have maturities of up to one year. We have the option to borrow at rates equal to an applicable margin over the Simple SOFR Rate, the Prime Rate of PNC Bank, National Association or the Overnight Bank Funding Rate.
Remaining borrowing capacity			$ 500,000,000
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum
Debt And Receivables Securitization [Line Items]
Debt maturity period			1 year
AR Facility
Debt And Receivables Securitization [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity						$ 175,000,000
Early termination, other similar fees and penalties paid				$ 0

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Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Summary of Tax Effects on Each Component of OCI (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Components Of Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation, before tax	$ 1,326	$ (9,519)
Foreign currency translation, tax	118	(581)
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	1,444	(10,100)
Pension liability adjustment, before tax		3,725
Pension liability adjustment, tax	(3)	(786)
Pension liability adjustment, net of tax	(3)	2,939
Cash flow hedges, before tax	(8,811)	(17,097)
Cash flow hedges, tax	1,962	3,796
Cash flow hedges, net of tax	(6,849)	(13,301)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(7,485)	(22,891)
Other comprehensive income (loss), tax	2,077	2,429
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$ (5,408)	$ (20,462)

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Changes in Equity - Summary of Changes in Equity by Component and in Total (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Balance	$ 1,821,628	$ 1,613,962
Net earnings	99,703	65,244
Other comprehensive loss	(5,408)	(20,462)
Common shares issued, net of withholding tax	(5,130)	(3,466)
Common shares in non-qualified plans	130	136
Stock-based compensation	8,995	6,976
Cash dividends declared	(16,081)	(15,418)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests	(1,921)
Balance	1,901,916	1,646,972
Additional Paid-in Capital
Balance	290,799	273,439
Common shares issued, net of withholding tax	(5,130)	(3,466)
Common shares in non-qualified plans	130	136
Stock-based compensation	8,995	6,976
Balance	294,794	277,085
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
Balance	(23,179)	(22,850)
Other comprehensive loss	(5,408)	(20,462)
Balance	(28,587)	(43,312)
Retained Earnings
Balance	1,428,391	1,230,163
Net earnings	96,106	64,082
Cash dividends declared	(16,081)	(15,418)
Balance	1,508,416	1,278,827
Parent
Balance	1,696,011	1,480,752
Net earnings	96,106	64,082
Other comprehensive loss	(5,408)	(20,462)
Common shares issued, net of withholding tax	(5,130)	(3,466)
Common shares in non-qualified plans	130	136
Stock-based compensation	8,995	6,976
Cash dividends declared	(16,081)	(15,418)
Balance	1,774,623	1,512,600
Noncontrolling Interest
Balance	125,617	133,210
Net earnings	3,597	1,162
Dividends to noncontrolling interests	(1,921)
Balance	$ 127,293	$ 134,372

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Changes in Equity - Summary of Changes in Accumulated OCI (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Line Items]
Balance		$ 1,821,628	$ 1,613,962
Income tax effect		2,077	2,429
Balance		1,901,916	1,646,972
Foreign Currency Translation
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Line Items]
Balance		(22,123)	(15,310)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		1,326	(9,519)
Income tax effect		118	(581)
Balance		(20,679)	(25,410)
Pension Liability Adjustment
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Line Items]
Balance		(1,730)	(6,244)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications			(1,049)
Reclassification adjustments to net earnings	[1],[2]		4,774
Income tax effect		(3)	(786)
Balance		(1,733)	(3,305)
Cash Flow Hedges
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Line Items]
Balance		674	(1,296)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(2,038)	(14,207)
Reclassification adjustments to net earnings	[1]	(6,773)	(2,890)	[2]
Income tax effect		1,962	3,796
Balance		(6,175)	(14,597)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss [Line Items]
Balance		(23,179)	(22,850)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(712)	(24,775)
Reclassification adjustments to net earnings	[1]	(6,773)	1,884	[2]
Income tax effect		2,077	2,429
Balance		$ (28,587)	$ (43,312)

[1] Cash flow hedges – See the disclosure in “Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities;” and

[2] Pension liability adjustment – Reflects a non-cash settlement charge of $4,774 recognized in connection with a pension lift-out transaction completed in August 2022 for The Gerstenslager Company Bargaining Unit Employees’ Pension Plan.

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Changes in Equity - Summary of Changes in Accumulated OCI (Parenthetical) (Detail) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Gerstenslager Company
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan, benefit obligation, non-cash settlement charge	$ 4,774

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Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Pre-tax stock-based compensation expense	$ 4,516	$ 4,236
Non-Qualified Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Non-qualified stock options, granted	54,000
Par value of common stock	$ 0
Non-qualified stock option, per share weighted average price	69.47
Non-qualified stock option, fair value, per share price	$ 25.95
Pre-tax stock-based compensation, period of recognition	3 years
Pre-tax stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,401
Service-Based Restricted Common Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Pre-tax stock-based compensation, period of recognition	3 years
Pre-tax stock-based compensation expense	$ 6,757
Restricted common shares, granted	97,000
Restricted common shares, fair value per share	$ 69.62
Performance Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Pre-tax stock-based compensation expense	$ 3,235
Restricted common shares, granted	47,000
Pre-tax stock-based compensation, period of recognition	3 years

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Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions To Value of Non-qualified Stock Options (Detail) - Non-Qualified Stock Options	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Dividend yield	2.39%
Expected volatility	43.00%
Risk-free interest rate	4.05%
Expected term (years)	6 years

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Estimated annual effective income tax rate	23.30%	23.90%

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Earnings Per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share Attributable to Controlling Interest (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Numerator (basic & diluted):
Net earnings attributable to controlling interest - income available to common shareholders	$ 96,106	$ 64,082
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings share attributable to controlling interest - weighted average common shares	48,842	48,478
Effect of dilutive securities	1,044	760
Denominator for diluted earnings per share attributable to controlling interest - adjusted weighted average common shares	49,886	49,238
Basic earnings per common share attributable to controlling interest	$ 1.97	$ 1.32
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to controlling interest	$ 1.93	$ 1.3

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Earnings Per Share - Additional Information (Detail) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Shares excluded from computation of diluted earnings per share	37,000	117,000

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Segment Operations - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023 Segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	4

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Segment Operations - Financial Information for Reportable Segments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023		Aug. 31, 2022		May 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 1,193,256		$ 1,408,665
Impairment of long-lived assets	1,401		312
Separation costs	6,035
Restructuring and other expense (income), net			(1,100)
Miscellaneous income (expense), net	1,011		(5,086)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	1,534
Equity income	54,381		31,712
Adjusted EBIT	128,480		84,742
Total assets	3,476,692				$ 3,650,918
Steel Processing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	881,339		1,038,880
Impairment of long-lived assets	1,401		312
Restructuring and other expense (income), net			78
Miscellaneous income (expense), net	712		184
Equity income	8,957		1,770
Adjusted EBIT	78,002	[1]	34,913	[2]
Total assets	1,786,067				1,758,981
Consumer products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	149,412		188,703
Miscellaneous income (expense), net	31		(35)
Adjusted EBIT	8,991	[1]	20,934	[2]
Total assets	615,223				615,430
Building Products
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	133,868		150,323
Miscellaneous income (expense), net	57		222
Equity income	45,043		43,866
Adjusted EBIT	54,016	[1]	52,734	[2]
Total assets	619,794				635,650
Sustainable Energy Solutions
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	28,637		30,759
Miscellaneous income (expense), net	281		(86)
Adjusted EBIT	(4,722)	[1]	(1,393)	[2]
Total assets	139,147				129,872
Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Separation costs	6,035
Restructuring and other expense (income), net			(1,178)
Miscellaneous income (expense), net	(70)		(5,371)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	1,534
Equity income	381		(13,924)
Adjusted EBIT	132	[1]	5,145	[2]
Total assets	316,461				$ 510,985
Consolidated
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(1,534)
Adjusted EBIT	$ 136,419	[1]	$ 112,333	[2]

[1] Excludes the following: • Impairment of long-lived assets resulted from a revision of the estimated fair value, less selling costs of certain production equipment at our consolidated Samuel joint venture that has been classified as held for sale since August 2022; • Separation costs reflect direct and incremental costs in connection with the anticipated Separation and are held at the corporate level. These costs include fees paid to third-party parties for audit, advisory and legal services to effect the Separation, nonrecurring employee-related costs, such as retention bonuses, and nonrecurring functional costs associated with the separation of shared corporate functions; • Loss on extinguishment of debt resulted from the redemption of the 2026 Notes, in full, on July 28, 2023, and consisted primarily unamortized debt issuance costs and the remaining loss deferred in AOCI associated with an interest rate swap executed prior to the issuance of the 2026 Notes; and • Noncontrolling interest portion of impairment of long-lived assets of $517 within Steel Processing.

[2] Excludes the following: • Impairment of long-lived assets resulted from the reclassification of the net assets of the Samuel toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio, to assets held for sale during August 2022; • Restructuring and other income, net was driven primarily by a gain on the sale of the remaining real property of our former oil & gas equipment business on June 14, 2022; • A non-cash settlement charge of $4,774 in miscellaneous income (expense), net within Other related to the pension lift-out transaction associated with the Gerstenslager Company Bargaining Unit Employees’ Pension Plan; • A loss of $15,759 within equity income related to the August 31, 2022, sale of our 50% noncontrolling interest in ArtiFlex; • Incremental compensation expense of $525 within Consumer Products related to the Level5 earnout agreement; and • Noncontrolling interest portion of impairment of long-lived assets of $115 within Steel Processing

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Segment Operations - Financial Information for Reportable Segments (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Aug. 03, 2022	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Restructuring (charges) gains		$ 517	$ 115
Non-cash settlement charge			4,774
Loss on sale of equity investments			(15,759)
Incremental expenses of Earnout			$ 525
ArtiFlex
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Loss on sale of equity investments	$ (15,759)
Noncontrolling equity investment	50.00%		50.00%

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Acquisitions - Additional Information (Details) - Level5 Tools, LLC $ in Thousands	Jun. 02, 2022 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price	$ 59,472
Earnout payment	2,000
Potential earn out payment	25,000
Earnout Agreement
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price	59,321
Earnout payment	2,000
Preliminary Valuation
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price	59,321
Earnout payment	$ 2,000

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Acquisitions - Schedule of Acquisition of Identifiable Intangible Assets (Detail) - Level5 Tools, LLC $ in Thousands	Jun. 02, 2022 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Total acquired identifiable intangible assets	$ 33,580
Acquired indefinite lived intangible assets	33,580
Trade Name
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquired indefinite lived intangible assets	$ 13,500
Customer Relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful Life (Years)	10 years
Acquired indefinite lived intangible assets	$ 13,300
Technological Know How
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful Life (Years)	20 years
Acquired indefinite lived intangible assets	$ 6,500
Non Compete Agreement
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful Life (Years)	3 years
Acquired indefinite lived intangible assets	$ 280

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Acquisitions - Schedule of Consideration Transferred and the Preliminary Fair Value Assigned to Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 02, 2022	Aug. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 415,813	$ 414,820
Level5 Tools, LLC
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,515
Accounts receivable	2,860
Inventories	9,161
Prepaid expenses	64
Property, plant and equipment	273
Intangible assets	33,580
Operating lease assets	377
Total identifiable assets	47,830
Accounts payable	(3,175)
Accrued expenses	(753)
Current operating lease liabilities	(111)
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	(266)
Net identifiable assets	43,525
Goodwill	15,947
Total purchase price	59,472
Less: Fair value of earnout	(2,000)
Plus: Net working capital deficit	131
Cash purchase price	57,603
Level5 Tools, LLC | Preliminary Valuation
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	1,515
Accounts receivable	2,860
Inventories	9,161
Prepaid expenses	64
Property, plant and equipment	273
Intangible assets	33,580
Operating lease assets	377
Total identifiable assets	47,830
Accounts payable	(3,175)
Accrued expenses	(904)
Current operating lease liabilities	(111)
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	(266)
Net identifiable assets	43,374
Goodwill	15,947
Total purchase price	59,321
Less: Fair value of earnout	(2,000)
Plus: Net working capital deficit	282
Cash purchase price	57,603
Level5 Tools, LLC | Measurement Period Adjustments
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Accrued expenses	151
Net identifiable assets	151
Total purchase price	151
Plus: Net working capital deficit	$ (151)

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities - Schedule of Fair Value of Derivative Instruments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives at Fair Value	$ 1,232	$ 2,610
Liability Derivatives at Fair Value	12,893	15,800
Derivatives Designated As Hedging Instruments
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives at Fair Value	256
Liability Derivatives at Fair Value	9,553	7,161
Derivatives Designated As Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives at Fair Value	256	71
Liability Derivatives at Fair Value	9,490	7,128
Derivatives Designated As Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Accounts Payable
Derivative [Line Items]
Liability Derivatives at Fair Value	9,490	6,749
Derivatives Designated As Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Receivables
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives at Fair Value	80	20
Derivatives Designated As Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Other Assets
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives at Fair Value	176	51
Derivatives Designated As Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Other Liabilities
Derivative [Line Items]
Liability Derivatives at Fair Value		379
Derivatives Designated As Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives at Fair Value		71
Liability Derivatives at Fair Value	63	33
Derivatives Designated As Hedging Instruments | Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts | Accounts Payable
Derivative [Line Items]
Liability Derivatives at Fair Value	63	33
Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives at Fair Value	976	2,539
Liability Derivatives at Fair Value	3,340	8,639
Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Accounts Payable
Derivative [Line Items]
Liability Derivatives at Fair Value	3,320	8,604
Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Receivables
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives at Fair Value	976	2,539
Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instruments | Commodity Contracts | Other Liabilities
Derivative [Line Items]
Liability Derivatives at Fair Value	$ 20	$ 35

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Impact to fair value of derivative assets and liabilities as a result of recognition on a gross basis	$ 3,791	$ 7,576
Gains in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be reclassified into net earnings	7,750
Gain in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be reclassified into net earnings, tax	$ 2,182

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities - Schedule of Summary of Derivative Hedges (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023
Commodity Contracts | Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instruments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 13,619
Commodity Contracts | Minimum | Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instruments
Derivative [Line Items]
Maturity Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Commodity Contracts | Maximum | Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instruments
Derivative [Line Items]
Maturity Date	Dec. 31, 2024
Cash Flow Hedges | Commodity Contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 63,431
Cash Flow Hedges | Commodity Contracts | Minimum
Derivative [Line Items]
Maturity Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash Flow Hedges | Commodity Contracts | Maximum
Derivative [Line Items]
Maturity Date	Dec. 31, 2024
Cash Flow Hedges | Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 2,494
Cash Flow Hedges | Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts | Minimum
Derivative [Line Items]
Maturity Date		Sep. 30, 2023
Cash Flow Hedges | Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts | Maximum
Derivative [Line Items]
Maturity Date		Nov. 30, 2023

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities - Schedule of Derivative Financials Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI	$ (2,038)	$ (14,207)
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Earnings	6,773	2,890
Commodity Contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI	(2,061)	(14,045)
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Earnings	7,330	2,869
Interest Rate Contract
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Earnings	(641)	(7)
Interest Rate Contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Earnings	31
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI	23	(162)
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Earnings	$ 53	$ 28

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Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities - Schedule of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings for Economic (Non-Designated) Derivative Financial Instruments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Commodity Contracts | Cost of Sales
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings	$ (1,019)	$ (1,577)

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Fair Value - Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Detail) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 31, 2023		May 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	$ 1,232		$ 2,610
Liabilities	12,893		15,800
Derivative Financial Instruments
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	1,232	[1]	2,610	[2]
Liabilities	12,893	[1]	15,800	[2]
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	1,232		2,610
Liabilities	12,893		15,800
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Derivative Financial Instruments
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets	1,232	[1]	2,610	[2]
Liabilities	$ 12,893	[1]	$ 15,800	[2]

[1] The fair value of our derivative financial instruments is based on the present value of the expected future cash flows considering the risks involved, including non-performance risk, and using discount rates appropriate for the respective maturities. Market observable, Level 2 inputs are used to determine the present value of the expected future cash flows. Refer to “Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities” for additional information regarding our use of derivative financial instruments.

[2] The fair value of our derivative financial instruments is based on the present value of the expected future cash flows considering the risks involved, including non-performance risk, and using discount rates appropriate for the respective maturities. Market observable, Level 2 inputs are used to determine the present value of the expected future cash flows. Refer to “Note P – Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities” for additional information regarding our use of derivative financial instruments.

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Fair Value - Assets Measured at Fair Value on Non-Recurring Basis (Detail) - Fair Value, Nonrecurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Aug. 31, 2023		May 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure		$ 150		$ 2,693
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure		150		2,693
Long Lived Assets Held and Used
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	[1]			70
Long Lived Assets Held and Used | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	[1]			70
Long Lived Assets Held for Sale
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure		150	[2]	2,623	[3]
Long Lived Assets Held for Sale | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure		$ 150	[2]	$ 2,623	[3]

[1] Comprised of certain assets associated with a capital project at our Building Products facility in Jefferson, Ohio which were written down to their estimated salvage value of $70.

[2] Comprised of production equipment at our former toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio. Refer to “Note D – Impairment of Long-Lived Assets” for additional information.

[3] Comprised of the following: (1) idled equipment at the manufacturing facility in Taylor, Michigan; and (2) the net assets of our former toll processing facility in Cleveland, Ohio.

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Fair Value - Assets Measured at Fair Value on Non-Recurring Basis (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Estimated salvage value	$ 150
Impairment charge of long-lived assets	1,401	$ 312
Capital Project | Building Products Facility | Jefferson
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Estimated salvage value	$ 70

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Fair Value - Additional Information (Detail) - Long-term Debt - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 31, 2023	May 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Long-term debt at fair value including current maturities	$ 395,987	$ 639,948
Long-term debt at carrying amount including current maturities	$ 448,351	$ 689,982

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Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Detail) - Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Sep. 27, 2023	Aug. 31, 2023
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Maturity date		Aug. 20, 2026
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 500,000
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Maturity date	Sep. 27, 2028
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 500,000