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Fair Value Measurement
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
Fair Value Measurement [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurement
Note 9.Fair Value Measurement

The Company follows ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures" to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. ASC 820 clarifies that fair value of certain assets and liabilities is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants.

ASC 820 specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company's market assumptions. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 based on these two types of inputs are as follows:

Level 1 –Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
 
Level 2 –Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market.
 
Level 3 –Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:

Securities available for sale: Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data (Level 2).  If the inputs used to provide the evaluation for certain securities are unobservable and/or there is little, if any, market activity then the security would fall to the lowest level of the hierarchy (Level 3).  The Company's investment portfolio is primarily valued using fair value measurements that are considered to be Level 2.  The Company has contracted with a third party portfolio accounting service vendor for valuation of its securities. The vendor's primary source for security valuation is Interactive Data Corporation ("IDC"), which evaluates securities based on market data.  IDC utilizes evaluated pricing models that vary by asset class and include available trade, bid, and other market information.  Generally, the methodology includes broker quotes, proprietary modes, vast descriptive terms and conditions databases, as well as extensive quality control programs.  The carrying value of restricted Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Community Bankers Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB") stock approximates fair value based on the redemption provisions of each entity and are therefore excluded from the following table.

Interest rate swaps: Interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.  The Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements as part of the management of interest rate risk to modify the repricing characteristics of certain portions of the Company's interest-bearing assets and liabilities.  The Company has contracted with a third party to provide valuations for interest rate swaps using standard valuation techniques and therefore classifies such valuation as Level 2.  The Company has considered counterparty credit risk in the valuation of its interest rate swap assets and has considered its own credit risk in the valuation of its interest rate swap liabilities.

The following table presents the balances of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 by levels within the valuation hierarchy:

  
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
(In thousands)
 
Balance
  
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets at September 30, 2014:
        
Available for sale securities:
        
Obligations of U.S. Government corporations and agencies
 
$
44,550
  
$
-
  
$
44,550
  
$
-
 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
  
7,191
   
-
   
7,191
   
-
 
Corporate bonds
  
3,100
   
-
   
3,100
   
-
 
Mutual funds
  
361
   
361
   
-
   
-
 
Total available for sale securities
  
55,202
   
361
   
54,841
   
-
 
                 
Interest rate swaps
  
37
   
-
   
37
   
-
 
Total assets at fair value
 
$
55,239
  
$
361
  
$
54,878
  
$
-
 
                 
Liabilities at September 30, 2014:
                
Interest rate swaps
 
$
321
  
$
-
  
$
321
  
$
-
 
Total liabilities at fair value
 
$
321
  
$
-
  
$
321
  
$
-
 
                 
Assets at December 31, 2013:
                
Available for sale securities:
                
Obligations of U.S. Government corporations and agencies
 
$
43,937
  
$
-
  
$
43,937
  
$
-
 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
  
7,035
   
-
   
7,035
   
-
 
Corporate bonds
  
2,250
   
-
   
2,250
   
-
 
Mutual funds
  
349
   
349
   
-
   
-
 
Total available-for sale securities
  
53,571
   
349
   
53,222
   
-
 
                 
Interest rate swaps
  
96
   
-
   
96
   
-
 
Total assets at fair value
 
$
53,667
  
$
349
  
$
53,318
  
$
-
 
                 
Liabilities at December 31, 2013:
                
Interest rate swaps
 $
223
  $
-
  $
223
  $
-
 
Total liabilities at fair value
 
$
223
  
$
-
  
$
223
  
$
-
 

Change in Level 3 Fair Value

There were no Level 3 assets measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2014.  The changes in Level 3 assets measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2013 were as follows:

  
Total Gains (Losses) Realized/Unrealized
 
(In thousands)
 
Balance
January 1,
2013
  
Included in
Earnings
  
Included in Other
Comprehensive
Income
  
Transfers in
and/or out of
Level 3 and 2
  
Balance
December 31, 2013
 
Available for sale securities
 
$
325
  
$
144
  
$
1,781
  
$
(2,250
)
 
$
-
 


Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

 The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:

Impaired Loans: A loan is designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected. The measurement of loss associated with an impaired loan can be based on either the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral securing the loan. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the Company's collateral is real estate.  The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal, of one year or less, conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable market data (Level 2). However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction or if an appraisal of the real estate property is more than one year old and not solely based on observable market comparables or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, then the fair value is considered Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal, of one year or less, if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business' financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivable collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Impaired loans allocated to the Allowance for Loan Losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. At September 30, 2014, the Company's Level 3 loans for which a reserve has been taken, consisted of four loans totaling $301,000 secured by business assets and inventory with a reserve of $204,000, and two loans totaling $388,000 secured by real estate with a reserve of $374,000.

Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO"):  Foreclosed assets are adjusted to fair value upon transfer of the loans to OREO.  Subsequently, OREO is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair market value less selling costs.  Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral, or management's estimation of the value of the collateral.  When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, the Company considers the OREO as nonrecurring Level 2.  When a current appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, the Company considers the OREO as nonrecurring Level 3.  Total valuation of OREO property was $1.4 million and $4.1 million at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
 
The following table summarizes the Company's financial assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013
  
Carrying Value at September 30, 2014
 
  
Balance as of
September 30, 2014
  
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant Other
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
        
Impaired loans, net
 
$
6,480
  
$
-
  
$
6,369
  
$
111
 
Other real estate owned, net
  
1,406
   
-
   
1,406
   
-
 
 
 
  
Carrying Value at December 31, 2013
 
  
Balance as of
December 31, 2013
  
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant Other
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
        
Impaired loans, net
 
$
3,911
  
$
-
  
$
3,748
  
$
163
 
Other real estate owned, net
  
4,085
   
-
   
4,085
   
-
 
 
The following table displays quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2014.

  
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
 
(In thousands)
 
Fair
Value
 
Valuation Technique(s)
Unobservable Input
 
Weighted Average Discount
 
Impaired loans
 
$
111
 
Appraised values
Age of appraisal, current market conditons, experience within local market, and U.S. Government guarantees
  
84
%
Total
 
$
111
       


The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation.  Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices.  However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company's various financial instruments.  In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques.  Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows.  Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instruments.  ASC 820 excludes certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments from its disclosure requirements.  Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amounts of cash and short-term instruments with a maturity of three months or less approximate fair value.  Instruments with maturities of greater than three months are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on similar instruments.

Securities:  For securities and marketable equity securities held for investment purposes, fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes.  For other securities held as investments, fair value equals quoted market price, if available.  If a quoted market price is not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices for similar securities. Restricted securities are carried at cost based on redemption provisions of the issuers.  See Note 2 "Securities" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on determining fair value for pooled trust preferred securities.

Loans Receivable:  For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values.  Fair values for certain mortgage loans (e.g., one-to-four family residential), credit card loans, and other consumer loans are based on quoted market prices of similar loans sold in conjunction with securitization transactions, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics.  Fair values for other loans (i.e., commercial real estate and investment property mortgage loans, commercial and industrial loans) are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality.  Fair values for nonperforming loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses or underlying collateral values, where applicable.

 Accrued Interest:  The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value.

Life Insurance:  The carrying amount of life insurance contracts is assumed to be a reasonable fair value.  Life insurance contracts are carried on the balance sheet at their redemption value.  This redemption value is based on existing market conditions and therefore represents the fair value of the contract.

Interest Rate Swaps:  The fair values are based on quoted market prices or mathematical models using current and historical data.

Deposit Liabilities:  The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (i.e., interest and non-interest bearing checking, statement savings and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable at the reporting date (that is, their carrying  amounts).  Fair values of fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

Federal Funds Purchased:  The carrying amounts of the Company's federal funds purchased approximate fair value.

Borrowed Funds:  The fair values of the Company's FHLB advances and other borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the Company's current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments:  The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties.  For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates.

The fair values of standby letters of credit are based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date.

At September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the fair values of loan commitments and standby letters of credit were deemed immaterial.

The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments are as follows:

  
Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2014
 
(In thousands)
 
Carrying
Value as of
September 30, 2014
  
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Other
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
  
Fair Value
as of
September 30, 2014
 
Assets
          
Cash and short-term investments
 
$
52,157
  
$
52,186
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
52,186
 
Securities available for sale
  
55,202
   
361
   
54,841
   
-
   
55,202
 
Restricted investments
  
1,294
   
-
   
1,294
   
-
   
1,294
 
Net loans
  
431,278
   
-
   
430,525
   
111
   
430,636
 
Accrued interest receivable
  
1,440
   
-
   
1,440
   
-
   
1,440
 
Interest rate swaps
  
37
   
-
   
37
   
-
   
37
 
BOLI
  
12,365
   
-
   
12,365
   
-
   
12,365
 
Total financial assets
 
$
553,773
  
$
52,547
  
$
500,502
  
$
111
  
$
553,160
 
                     
Liabilities
                    
Deposits
 
$
507,819
  
$
-
  
$
508,561
  
$
-
  
$
508,561
 
Borrowings
  
13,092
   
-
   
13,011
   
-
   
13,011
 
Company obligated mandatorily redeemable capital securities
  
4,124
   
-
   
4,117
   
-
   
4,117
 
Accrued interest payable
  
208
   
-
   
208
   
-
   
208
 
Interest rate swaps
  
321
   
-
   
321
   
-
   
321
 
Total financial liabilities
 
$
525,564
  
$
-
  
$
526,218
  
$
-
  
$
526,218
 

  
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013
 
(In thousands)
 
Carrying
Value as of
December 31, 2013
  
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  
Significant
Other
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
  
Fair Value
as of
December 31, 2013
 
Assets
          
Cash and short-term investments
 
$
71,126
  
$
71,197
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
71,197
 
Securities available for sale
  
53,571
   
349
   
53,222
   
-
   
53,571
 
Restricted investments
  
1,462
   
-
   
1,462
   
-
   
1,462
 
Net Loans
  
444,710
   
-
   
444,587
   
163
   
444,750
 
Accrued interest receivable
  
1,568
   
-
   
1,568
   
-
   
1,568
 
Interest rate swaps
  
96
   
-
   
96
   
-
   
96
 
BOLI
  
12,433
   
-
   
12,433
   
-
   
12,433
 
Total financial assets
 
$
584,966
  
$
71,546
  
$
513,368
  
$
163
  
$
585,077
 
                     
Liabilities
                    
Deposits
 
$
540,204
  
$
-
  
$
541,496
  
$
-
  
$
541,496
 
Borrowings
  
13,139
   
-
   
12,833
   
-
   
12,833
 
Company obligated mandatorily redeemable capital securities
  
4,124
   
-
   
4,117
   
-
   
4,117
 
Accrued interest payable
  
219
   
-
   
219
   
-
   
219
 
Interest rate swaps
  
223
   
-
   
223
   
-
   
223
 
Total financial liabilities
 
$
557,909
  
$
-
  
$
558,888
  
$
-
  
$
558,888
 


The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal operations.  As a result, the fair values of the Company's financial instruments will change when interest rate levels change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Company.  Management attempts to match maturities of assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to minimize interest rate risk.  However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising rate environment.  Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling rate environment.  Management monitors rates and maturities of assets and liabilities and attempts to minimize interest rate risk by adjusting terms of new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Company's overall interest rate risk.