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Fair Value Measurement
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2013
Fair Value Measurement [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurement
Note 9.
Fair Value Measurement

The Company followsASC 820 "Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures" to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. ASC 820 clarifies that fair value of certain assets and liabilities is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants.

ASC 820 specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company's market assumptions. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 based on these two types of inputs are as follows:

Level 1 -
Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 -
Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market.
 
Level 3 -
Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market.
 
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:
 
Securities available for sale: Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data (Level 2). If the inputs used to provide the evaluation for certain securities are unobservable and/or there is little, if any market activity then the security would fall to the lowest level of the hierarchy (Level 3). The Company's investment portfolio is primarily valued using fair value measurements that are considered to be Level 2. The Company has contracted with a third party portfolio accounting service vendor for valuation of its securities based on market data. IDC utilizes evaluated pricing models that vary by asset class and include available trade, bid, and other market information. Generally, the methodology includes broker quotes, proprietary modes, vast descriptive terms and conditions databases, as well as extensive quality control programs. The carrying value of restricted Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Community Bankers Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB") stock approximates fair value based on the redemption provisions of each entity and are therefore excluded from the following table.

Interest rate swaps: Interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements as part of the management of interest rate risk to modify the repricing characteristics of certain portions of the Company's interest-bearing assets and liabilities. The Company has contracted with a third party to provide valuations for interest rate swaps using standard valuation techniques and therefore classifies such valuation as Level 2. The Company has considered counterparty credit risk in the valuation of its interest rate swap assets and has considered its own credit risk in the valuation of its interest rate swap liabilities.
 
The following table presents the balances of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 by levels within the valuation hierarchy:

   
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
(In thousands)
 
Balance
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
 
Assets at March 31, 2013:
                   
Available-for-sale securities:
                   
Obligations of U.S. Government corporations and agencies
 
$
37,694
   
$
-
   
$
37,694
   
$
-
 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
   
7,332
     
-
     
7,332
     
-
 
Corporate bonds
   
313
     
-
     
-
     
313
 
Mutual funds
   
362
     
362
     
-
     
-
 
Total available-for sale securities
   
45,701
     
362
     
45,026
     
313
 
                                 
Interest rate swaps
   
6
     
-
     
6
     
-
 
Total assets at fair value
 
$
45,707
   
$
362
   
$
45,707
   
$
313
 
                                 
Liabilities at March 31, 2013:
                               
Interest rate swaps
 
$
736
   
$
-
   
$
736
   
$
-
 
Total liabilities at fair value
 
$
736
   
$
-
   
$
736
   
$
-
 
                                 
Assets at December 31, 2012:
                               
Available-for-sale securities:
                               
Obligations of U.S. Government corporations and agencies
 
$
40,014
   
$
-
   
$
40,014
   
$
-
 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
   
7,390
     
-
     
7,390
     
-
 
Corporate bonds
   
325
     
-
     
-
     
325
 
Mutual funds
   
363
     
363
     
-
     
-
 
Total available-for sale securities
   
48,092
     
363
     
47.404
     
325
 
                                 
Interest rate swaps
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Total assets at fair value
 
$
48,092
   
$
363
   
$
47,404
   
$
325
 
                                 
Liabilities at December 31, 2012:
                               
Interest rate swaps
 
$
841
   
$
-
   
$
841
   
$
-
 
Total liabilities at fair value
 
$
841
   
$
-
   
$
841
   
$
-
 
 
Change in Level 3 Fair Value

The changes in Level 3 assets measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and year ended December 31, 2012 were as follows:

   
Total Gains (Losses) Realized/Unrealized
 
(In thousands)
 
Balance
January 1,
2013
   
Included in
Earnings
   
Included in Other
Comprehensive
Income
   
Transfers in
and/or out of
Level 3 and 2
   
Balance
March 31, 2013
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
$
325
   
$
-
   
$
(12
)
 
$
-
   
$
313
 

   
Total Gains (Losses) Realized/Unrealized
 
(In thousands)
 
Balance
January 1,
2012
   
Included in
Earnings
   
Included in Other
Comprehensive
Income
   
Transfers in
and/or out of
Level 3 and 2
   
Balance
December 31, 2012
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
$
335
   
$
-
   
$
(10
)
 
$
-
   
$
325
 

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U. S. GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
 
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:

Impaired Loans: Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected. The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on either the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral securing the loans. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the Company's collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal, of one year or less, conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable market data (Level 2). However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction or if an appraisal of the real estate property is more than one year old and not solely based on observable market comparables or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, then the fair value is considered Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal, of one year or less, if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business' financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivable collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Impaired loans allocated to the Allowance for Loan Losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. At March 31, 2013, the Company's Level 3 loans for which a reserve has been taken, consisted of two loans totaling $303,000 secured by business assets and inventory with a reserve of $168,000, and one loan totaling $327,000 secured by real estate with a reserve of $203,000.
 
Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO"): Foreclosed assets are adjusted to fair value upon transfer of the loans to OREO. Subsequently, OREO is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair market value less selling costs. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral, or management's estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, the Company considers the OREO as nonrecurring Level 2. When a current appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, the Company considers records the OREO as nonrecurring Level 3. Total valuation of OREO property was $1,406,000 at both March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

The following table summarizes the Company's financial assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period.

   
Carrying Value at March 31, 2013
 
   
Balance as of
March 31, 2013
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant Other
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                   
Impaired loans, net
 
$
1,200
   
$
-
   
$
941
   
$
259
 
Other real estate owned, net
   
1,406
     
-
     
1,406
     
-
 
 

   
Carrying Value at December 31, 2012
 
   
Balance as of
December 31, 2012
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant Other
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Assets:
                   
Impaired loans, net
 
$
868
   
$
-
   
$
491
   
$
377
 
Other real estate owned, net
   
1,406
     
-
     
1,406
     
-
 
 
The following table displays quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Meaurements at March 31, 2013.
 
   
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
 
(In thousands)
 
Fair
Value
 
Valuation Technique(s)
Unobservable Input
 
Weighted
Average
 
Corporate securities available for sale
 
$
313
 
Discounted cash flow
Discount based on prepayment rate,
probability of default and loss severity
   
30
%
Impaired Loans:
                   
Commercial and industrial loans
   
135
 
Appraised values
*
   
54
%
Commercial real estate loans
   
-
 
Appraised values
*
   
-
 
Construction and land loans
   
124
 
Appraised values
*
   
23
%
Residential real estate loans
   
-
 
Appraised values
*
   
-
 
Total Impaired Loans
   
259
             
Total
 
$
572
             

* Discount applied based on age of appraisals, current market conditions, and experience within local market.
 
The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company's various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instruments. ASC 820 excludes certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
The carrying amounts of cash and short-term instruments with a maturity of three months or less approximate fair value. Instruments with maturities of greater than three months are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on similar instruments.
 
Securities
 
For securities and marketable equity securities held for investment purposes, fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes. For other securities held as investments, fair value equals quoted market price, if available. If a quoted market price is not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices for similar securities. See Note 2 "Securities" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on determining fair value for pooled trust preferred securities.
 
Loans Receivable
 
For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for certain mortgage loans (e.g., one-to-four family residential), credit card loans, and other consumer loans are based on quoted market prices of similar loans sold in conjunction with securitization transactions, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics. Fair values for other loans (i.e., commercial real estate and investment property mortgage loans, commercial and industrial loans) are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Fair values for nonperforming loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses or underlying collateral values, where applicable.
 
Accrued Interest
 
The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value.
 
Life Insurance
 
The carrying amount of life insurance contracts is assumed to be a reasonable fair value. Life insurance contracts are carried on the balance sheet at their redemption value. This redemption value is based on existing market conditions and therefore represents the fair value of the contract.
 
Interest Rate Swaps
 
The fair values are based on quoted market prices or mathematical models using current and historical data.
 
Deposit Liabilities
 
The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (i.e., interest and non-interest bearing checking, statement savings and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable at the reporting date (that is, their carrying amounts). Fair values of fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.
 
Federal Funds Purchased
 
The carrying amounts of the Company's federal funds purchased approximate fair value.
 
Borrowed Funds
 
The fair values of the Company's FHLB advances and other borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the Company's current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.
 
Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments
 
The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates.

The fair values of standby letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date.

At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the fair values of loan commitments and standby letters of credit were deemed immaterial.
 
The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments are as follows:

   
Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2013
      
(In thousands)
 
Carrying
Value as of
March 31,
2013
   
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Other
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
   
Fair Value
as of
March 31,
2013
 
Assets
                        
Cash and short-term investments
 
$
63,372
   
$
60,873
   
$
2,525
   
$
-
   
$
63,398
 
Securities available for sale
   
45,701
     
362
     
45,026
     
313
     
45,701
 
Restricted investments
   
2,138
     
-
     
2,138
     
-
     
2,138
 
Net Loans
   
443,591
     
-
     
445,283
     
259
     
445,542
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
1,404
     
-
     
1,404
     
-
     
1,404
 
Interest rate swaps
   
6
     
-
     
6
     
-
     
6
 
BOLI
   
12,138
     
-
     
12,138
     
-
     
12,138
 
Total Financial Assets
 
$
568,350
   
$
61,235
   
$
508,520
   
$
572
   
$
570,327
 
                                         
Liabilities
                                       
Deposits
 
$
509,604
   
$
-
   
$
512,147
   
$
-
   
$
512,147
 
Borrowings
   
28,185
     
-
     
28,628
     
-
     
28,628
 
Company obligated mandatorily redeemable capital securities  4,124   -   4,117   -   4,117 
Accrued interest payable
   
323
     
-
     
323
     
-
     
323
 
Interest rate swaps
   
736
     
-
     
736
     
-
     
736
 
Total Financial Liabilities
 
$
542,972
   
$
-
   
$
545,951
   
$
-
   
$
545,951
 

   
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2012
      
(In thousands)
 
Carrying
Value as of
December 31,
2012
   
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Other
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
   
Fair Value
as of
December 31,
2012
 
Assets
                        
Cash and short-term investments
 
$
64,435
   
$
61,935
   
$
2,530
   
$
-
   
$
64,465
 
Securities available for sale
   
48,092
     
363
     
47,404
     
325
     
48,092
 
Restricted investments
   
2,337
     
-
     
2,337
     
-
     
2,337
 
Net Loans
   
445,108
     
-
     
443,045
     
377
     
443,422
 
Accrued interest receivable
   
1,283
     
-
     
1,283
     
-
     
1,283
 
Interest rate swaps
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
BOLI
   
12,038
     
-
     
12,038
     
-
     
12,038
 
Total Financial Assets
 
$
573,293
   
$
62,298
   
$
508,637
   
$
702
   
$
571,637
 
                                         
Liabilities
                                       
Deposits
 
$
515,134
   
$
-
   
$
517,811
   
$
-
   
$
517,811
 
Borrowings
   
28,200
     
-
     
28,877
     
-
     
28,877
 
Company obligated mandatorily redeemable capital securities
   
4,124
     
-
     
5,258
     
-
     
5,258
 
Accrued interest payable
   
312
     
-
     
312
     
-
     
312
 
Interest rate swaps
   
841
     
-
     
841
     
-
     
841
 
Total Financial Liabilities
 
$
548,611
   
$
-
   
$
553,099
   
$
-
   
$
553,099
 
 
The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal operations. As a result, the fair values of the Company's financial instruments will change when interest rate levels change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Company. Management attempts to match maturities of assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to minimize interest rate risk. However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising rate environment. Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling rate environment. Management monitors rates and maturities of assets and liabilities and attempts to minimize interest rate risk by adjusting terms of new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Company's overall interest rate risk.