10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

or

☐  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission file number 000-08408

WOODWARD, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	36-1984010
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1081 Woodward Way, Fort Collins, Colorado	80524
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(970) 482-5811

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001455 per share	WWD	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☒   Accelerated Filer ☐    Non-accelerated Filer ☐    Smaller Reporting Company ☐

Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 30, 2021, 63,525,499 shares of the registrant’s common stock with a par value of $0.001455 per share were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings	2
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31
	Forward Looking Statements	31
	Overview	32
	Results of Operations	34
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	39
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	45
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	45
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	45
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	45
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	46
Item 6.	Exhibits	46
	Signatures	47

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three-Months Ended						Six-Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Net sales	$	581,321		$	720,220		$	1,118,940		$	1,440,575
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold		434,243			517,514			835,883			1,052,431
Selling, general and administrative expenses		44,329			57,629			100,440			119,674
Research and development costs		27,627			34,661			59,623			71,507
Impairment of assets sold		—			—			—			37,902
Interest expense		8,249			8,756			17,155			17,765
Interest income		(283	)		(476	)		(778	)		(963	)
Other (income) expense, net		(11,331	)		(5,063	)		(19,454	)		(26,488	)
Total costs and expenses		502,834			613,021			992,869			1,271,828
Earnings before income taxes		78,487			107,199			126,071			168,747
Income tax expense		10,174			15,881			16,188			24,056
Net earnings	$	68,313		$	91,318		$	109,883		$	144,691
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	$	1.08		$	1.47		$	1.74		$	2.33
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.04		$	1.41		$	1.68		$	2.24
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding:
Basic		63,278			62,266			63,043			62,128
Diluted		65,654			64,564			65,274			64,622

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1

WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three-Months Ended						Six-Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Net earnings	$	68,313		$	91,318		$	109,883		$	144,691
Other comprehensive earnings:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(8,789	)		(13,355	)		8,539			(2,202	)
Net (loss)/gain on foreign currency transactions designated as hedges of net investments in foreign subsidiaries		(2,329	)		650			(102	)		(395	)
Taxes on changes in foreign currency translation adjustments		(2,555	)		130			(871	)		(210	)
Foreign currency translation and transactions adjustments, net of tax		(13,673	)		(12,575	)		7,566			(2,807	)
Unrealized (loss)/gain on fair value adjustment of derivative instruments		8,892			45,298			(21,766	)		34,004
Reclassification of net realized (gain)/loss on derivatives to earnings		(20,683	)		(7,262	)		277			4,394
Taxes on changes in derivative transactions		1,543			(790	)		203			(772	)
Derivative adjustments, net of tax		(10,248	)		37,246			(21,286	)		37,626
Amortization of pension and other postretirement plan:
Net prior service cost		250			240			498			481
Net loss		377			628			747			1,259
Foreign currency exchange rate changes on pension and other postretirement benefit plan liabilities		453			1,225			(1,244	)		(277	)
Taxes on changes in pension and other postretirement benefit plan liability adjustments, net of foreign currency exchange rate changes		(284	)		(592	)		72			(352	)
Pension and other postretirement benefit plan adjustments, net of tax		796			1,501			73			1,111
Total comprehensive earnings	$	45,188		$	117,490		$	96,236		$	180,621

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

2

WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	March 31,			September 30,
	2021			2020
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash of $1,908 and $3,497, respectively	$	287,595		$	153,270
Accounts receivable, less allowance for uncollectible amounts of $7,522 and $8,359, respectively		588,064			537,987
Inventories		422,321			437,943
Income taxes receivable		30,459			28,879
Other current assets		39,723			52,786
Total current assets		1,368,162			1,210,865
Property, plant and equipment, net		965,205			997,415
Goodwill		807,974			808,252
Intangible assets, net		584,948			606,711
Deferred income tax assets		14,873			14,658
Other assets		279,610			265,435
Total assets	$	4,020,772		$	3,903,336
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	1,398		$	101,634
Accounts payable		162,715			134,242
Income taxes payable		12,945			4,662
Accrued liabilities		164,350			151,794
Total current liabilities		341,408			392,332
Long-term debt, less current portion		736,095			736,849
Deferred income tax liabilities		164,068			163,573
Other liabilities		645,900			617,905
Total liabilities		1,887,471			1,910,659
Commitments and contingencies (Note 22)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.003 per share, 10,000 shares authorized, no shares issued		—			—
Common stock, par value $0.001455 per share, 150,000 shares authorized, 72,960 shares issued		106			106
Additional paid-in capital		257,006			231,936
Accumulated other comprehensive losses		(103,441	)		(89,794	)
Deferred compensation		9,103			9,222
Retained earnings		2,522,384			2,427,905
		2,685,158			2,579,375
Treasury stock at cost, 9,454 shares and 10,277 shares, respectively		(542,754	)		(577,476	)
Treasury stock held for deferred compensation, at cost, 192 shares and 199 shares, respectively		(9,103	)		(9,222	)
Total stockholders' equity		2,133,301			1,992,677
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	4,020,772		$	3,903,336

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

3

WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings	$	109,883		$	144,691
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		65,556			65,476
Impairment of assets sold		—			37,902
Net gain on sales of assets and businesses		(1,942	)		(13,557	)
Stock-based compensation		16,438			13,475
Deferred income taxes		1,622			135
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable		(10,565	)		(521	)
Unbilled receivables (contract assets)		(32,565	)		(50,624	)
Costs to fulfill a contract		(9,226	)		(15,064	)
Inventories		16,877			(28,982	)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		53,555			(78,878	)
Contract liabilities		14,370			13,673
Income taxes		4,700			(30,331	)
Retirement benefit obligations		(3,450	)		(2,152	)
Other		(6,256	)		(3,064	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		218,997			52,179
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for purchase of property, plant, and equipment		(13,313	)		(29,361	)
Proceeds from sale of assets		86			18,831
Proceeds from sales of short-term investments		16,566			12,684
Payments for purchases of short-term investments		(2,750	)		(23	)
Net cash provided by investing activities		589			2,131
Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash dividends paid		(15,404	)		(27,525	)
Proceeds from sales of treasury stock		28,454			12,726
Payments for repurchases of common stock		—			(13,346	)
Borrowings on revolving lines of credit and short-term borrowings		74,400			788,306
Payments on revolving lines of credit and short-term borrowings		(74,400	)		(807,869	)
Payments of long-term debt and finance lease obligations		(100,835	)		(754	)
Net cash (used in) financing activities		(87,785	)		(48,462	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		2,524			(2,072	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		134,325			3,776
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, at beginning of year		153,270			99,073
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, at end of period	$	287,595		$	102,849

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

4

WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Number of shares								Stockholders' equity
														Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings
	Common stock		Treasury stock			Treasury stock held for deferred compensation			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Unrealized derivative gains (losses)			Minimum retirement benefit liability adjustments			Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings			Deferred compensation			Retained earnings			Treasury stock at cost			Treasury stock held for deferred compensation			Total stockholders' equity
Balances as of January 1, 2020		72,960		(10,814	)		(215	)	$	106	$	216,158		$	(43,467	)	$	(4,575	)	$	(45,506	)	$	(93,548	)	$	9,911		$	2,268,483		$	(592,596	)	$	(9,911	)	$	1,798,603
Net earnings		—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			91,318			—			—			91,318
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax		—		—			—			—		—			(12,575	)		37,246			1,501			26,172			—			—			—			—			26,172
Cash dividends paid ($0.2800 per share)		—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			(17,461	)		—			—			(17,461	)
Purchases of treasury stock		—		(124	)		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(13,346	)		—			(13,346	)
Sales of treasury stock		—		137			—			—		(577	)		—			—			—			—			—			—			5,744			—			5,167
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans		—		124			—			—		9,420			—			—			—			—			—			—			5,328			—			14,748
Stock-based compensation		—		—			—			—		2,493			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			2,493
Purchases/transfers of stock by/to deferred compensation plan		—		—			(1	)		—		—			—			—			—			—			81			—			—			(81	)		—
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation plan		—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—			(29	)		—			—			29			—
Balances as of March 31, 2020		72,960		(10,677	)		(216	)	$	106	$	227,494		$	(56,042	)	$	32,671		$	(44,005	)	$	(67,376	)	$	9,963		$	2,342,340		$	(594,870	)	$	(9,963	)	$	1,907,694
Balances as of January 1, 2021		72,960		(9,992	)		(201	)	$	106	$	244,394		$	(19,452	)	$	(31,495	)	$	(29,369	)	$	(80,316	)	$	9,485		$	2,464,373		$	(565,095	)	$	(9,485	)	$	2,063,462
Net earnings		—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			68,313			—			—			68,313
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax		—		—			—			—		—			(13,673	)		(10,248	)		796			(23,125	)		—			—			—			—			(23,125	)
Cash dividends paid ($0.1625 per share)		—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			(10,302	)		—			—			(10,302	)
Sales of treasury stock		—		410			—			—		101			—			—			—			—			—			—			16,983			—			17,084
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans		—		128			—			—		9,542			—			—			—			—			—			—			5,358			—			14,900
Stock-based compensation		—		—			—			—		2,969			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			2,969
Purchases/transfers of stock by/to deferred compensation plan		—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—			41			—			—			(41	)		—
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation plan		—		—			9			—		—			—			—			—			—			(423	)		—			—			423			—
Balances as of March 31, 2021		72,960		(9,454	)		(192	)	$	106	$	257,006		$	(33,125	)	$	(41,743	)	$	(28,573	)	$	(103,441	)	$	9,103		$	2,522,384		$	(542,754	)	$	(9,103	)	$	2,133,301

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

5

WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Number of shares								Stockholders' equity
														Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings
	Common stock		Treasury stock			Treasury stock held for deferred compensation			Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Foreign currency translation adjustments			Unrealized derivative gains (losses)			Minimum retirement benefit liability adjustments			Total accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings			Deferred compensation			Retained earnings			Treasury stock at cost			Treasury stock held for deferred compensation			Total stockholders' equity
Balances as of September 30, 2019		72,960		(11,040	)		(211	)	$	106	$	207,120		$	(53,235	)	$	(4,955	)	$	(45,116	)	$	(103,306	)	$	9,382		$	2,224,919		$	(602,098	)	$	(9,382	)	$	1,726,741
Cumulative effect from adoption of ASC 842		—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			255			—			—			255
Net earnings		—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			144,691			—			—			144,691
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax		—		—			—			—		—			(2,807	)		37,626			1,111			35,930			—			—			—			—			35,930
Cash dividends paid ($0.4425 per share)		—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			(27,525	)		—			—			(27,525	)
Purchases of treasury stock		—		(124	)		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(13,346	)		—			(13,346	)
Sales of treasury stock		—		363			—			—		(2,521	)		—			—			—			—			—			—			15,246			—			12,725
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans		—		124			—			—		9,420			—			—			—			—			—			—			5,328			—			14,748
Stock-based compensation		—		—			—			—		13,475			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			13,475
Purchases and transfers of stock by/to deferred compensation plan		—		—			(6	)		—		—			—			—			—			—			624			—			—			(624	)		—
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation plan		—		—			1			—		—			—			—			—			—			(43	)		—			—			43			—
Balances as of March 31, 2020		72,960		(10,677	)		(216	)	$	106	$	227,494		$	(56,042	)	$	32,671		$	(44,005	)	$	(67,376	)	$	9,963		$	2,342,340		$	(594,870	)	$	(9,963	)	$	1,907,694
Balances as of September 30, 2020		72,960		(10,277	)		(199	)	$	106	$	231,936		$	(40,691	)	$	(20,457	)	$	(28,646	)	$	(89,794	)	$	9,222		$	2,427,905		$	(577,476	)	$	(9,222	)	$	1,992,677
Net earnings		—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			109,883			—			—			109,883
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax		—		—			—			—		—			7,566			(21,286	)		73			(13,647	)		—			—			—			—			(13,647	)
Cash dividends paid ($0.2438 per share)		—		—			—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			(15,404	)		—			—			(15,404	)
Sales of treasury stock		—		695			—			—		(910	)		—			—			—			—			—			—			29,364			—			28,454
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans		—		128			—			—		9,542			—			—			—			—			—			—			5,358			—			14,900
Stock-based compensation		—		—			—			—		16,438			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			16,438
Purchases and transfers of stock by/to deferred compensation plan		—		—			(3	)		—		—			—			—			—			—			317			—			—			(317	)		—
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation plan		—		—			10			—		—			—			—			—			—			(436	)		—			—			436			—
Balances as of March 31, 2021		72,960		(9,454	)		(192	)	$	106	$	257,006		$	(33,125	)	$	(41,743	)	$	(28,573	)	$	(103,441	)	$	9,103		$	2,522,384		$	(542,754	)	$	(9,103	)	$	2,133,301

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

6

WOODWARD, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 1.  Basis of presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Woodward, Inc. (“Woodward” or the “Company”) as of March 31, 2021 and for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, included herein, have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm.  These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly Woodward’s financial position as of March 31, 2021, and the statements of earnings, comprehensive earnings, cash flows, and changes in stockholders’ equity for the periods presented herein.  The results of operations for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for other interim periods or for the full fiscal year.  Dollar and share amounts contained in these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted.

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting.  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.  Accordingly, these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in Woodward’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC and other financial information filed with the SEC.

Management is required to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, the reported revenues and expenses recognized during the reporting period, and certain financial statement disclosures, in the preparation of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.  Significant estimates in these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include allowances for credit losses; net realizable value of inventories; variable consideration including customer rebates earned and payable and early payment discounts; warranty reserves; useful lives of property and identifiable intangible assets; the evaluation of impairments of property, intangible assets, and goodwill; the provision for income tax and related valuation reserves; the valuation of derivative instruments; assumptions used in the determination of the funded status and annual expense of pension and postretirement employee benefit plans; the valuation of stock compensation instruments granted to employees, board members and any other eligible recipients; estimates of incremental borrowing rates used when estimating the present value of future lease payments; assumptions used when including renewal options or non-exercise of termination options in lease terms; estimates of total lifetime sales used in the recognition of revenue of deferred material rights and balance sheet classification of the related contract liability; estimates of total sales contract costs when recognizing revenue under the cost-to-cost method; and contingencies.  Actual results could vary from Woodward’s estimates.

COVID-19 Pandemic

When combined with the various measures enacted by governments and private organizations to contain COVID-19 or slow its spread, the pandemic has adversely impacted global activity and contributed to significant declines and volatility in financial markets; and the Company has likewise been significantly impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic could continue to have a material adverse impact on economic and market conditions and presents uncertainty and risk with respect to the Company and its performance and financial results, including estimates and assumptions used by management for the reported amount of assets and liabilities.

Note 2.  New accounting standards

From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standards setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements.  Updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) are communicated through issuance of an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”).

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.”  The purpose of ASU 2020-04 is to provide optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for, or recognizing the effects of, reference rate reform on financial reporting.  In response to concerns about structural risks of interbank offered rates, and, in particular, the risk of cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), reference rate reform refers to a global initiative to identify alternative reference rates that are more observable or transaction-based and less susceptible to manipulation.  

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ASU 2020-04 is effective for all entities reporting as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022.  An entity may elect to apply the amendments in ASU 2020-04 for contract modifications by topic or industry subtopic as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, or prospectively from a date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, up to the date that the financial statements are available to be issued.  Once elected for a topic or an industry subtopic, the amendments in ASU 2020-04 must be applied prospectively for all eligible contract modifications for that topic or industry subtopic.  Woodward is currently assessing the accounting and financial impact of reference rate reform, particularly the impact it may have on its hedging relationships, and will consider applying the optional guidance of ASU 2020-04 accordingly.  

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.”  ASU 2019-12 amends ASC 740 to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations, and adding guidance to reduce complexity in the accounting standard under the FASB’s simplification initiative.  ASU 2019-12 is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 (fiscal year 2022 for Woodward).  Upon adoption, the amendments in ASU 2019-12 should be applied on a retrospective, modified retrospective, or prospective basis to all periods presented (as applicable), and early adoption is permitted.  Woodward elected to early adopt the new guidance effective January 1, 2021, which did not have a material effect on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.  

Note 3.  Revenue

The amount of revenue recognized as point in time or over time follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31, 2021						Three-Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Aerospace		Industrial		Consolidated		Aerospace		Industrial		Consolidated
Point in time	$	114,563	$	131,242	$	245,805	$	178,325	$	157,052	$	335,377
Over time		250,143		85,373		335,516		295,911		88,932		384,843
Total net sales	$	364,706	$	216,615	$	581,321	$	474,236	$	245,984	$	720,220

	Six-Months Ended March 31, 2021						Six-Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Aerospace		Industrial		Consolidated		Aerospace		Industrial		Consolidated
Point in time	$	221,530	$	285,437	$	506,967	$	365,840	$	324,994	$	690,834
Over time		464,843		147,130		611,973		582,321		167,420		749,741
Total net sales	$	686,373	$	432,567	$	1,118,940	$	948,161	$	492,414	$	1,440,575

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2021			September 30, 2020
Billed receivables
Trade accounts receivable	$	304,682		$	307,914
Other (Chinese financial institutions)		73,298			56,640
Total billed receivables		377,980			364,554
Current unbilled receivables (contract assets)		217,606			181,792
Total accounts receivable		595,586			546,346
Less: Allowance for uncollectible amounts		(7,522	)		(8,359	)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	588,064		$	537,987

As of March 31, 2021, “Other assets” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets includes $12,925 of unbilled receivables not expected to be invoiced and collected within a period of twelve months, compared to $16,751 as of September 30, 2020.  Unbilled receivables not expected to be invoiced and collected within a period of twelve months are primarily attributable to customer delays for deliveries on firm orders in the Aerospace segment due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Accounts receivable in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements represent the net amount expected to be collected, and an allowance for uncollectible amounts related to credit losses is established based on expected losses in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 326, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses”.  Expected losses are estimated by reviewing specific customer accounts, taking into consideration aging, credit risk of the customers, and historical payment history, as well as current and forecasted economic conditions, and other relevant factors.

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The allowance for uncollectible amounts and change in expected credit losses for trade accounts receivable and unbilled receivables (contract assets) consisted of the following:

	Three-Months Ended			Six-Months Ended
	March 31, 2021			March 31, 2021
Balance, beginning	$	7,499		$	8,359
Additions charged to costs and expenses, or sales allowance		1,040			1,128
Deductions		(837	)		(2,008	)
Other (deductions) additions1		(180	)		43
Balance, ending	$	7,522		$	7,522

(1) Includes effects of foreign exchange rate changes during the period.

Contract liabilities  

Contract liabilities consisted of the following:  

	March 31, 2021				September 30, 2020
	Current		Noncurrent		Current		Noncurrent
Deferred revenue from material rights from GE joint venture formation	$	4,419	$	236,610	$	4,066	$	234,240
Deferred revenue from advanced invoicing and/or prepayments from customers		3,922		716		3,239		85
Liability related to customer supplied inventory		15,790		—		14,955		—
Deferred revenue from material rights related to engineering and development funding		4,629		139,480		2,360		132,317
Net contract liabilities	$	28,760	$	376,806	$	24,620	$	366,642

Woodward recognized revenue of $7,146 in the three-months and $13,674 in the six-months ended March 31, 2021 from contract liabilities balances recorded as of October 1, 2020, compared to $15,962 in the three-months and $19,932 in the six-months ended March 31, 2020 from contract liabilities balances recorded as of October 1, 2019.

Remaining performance obligations

Remaining performance obligations related to the aggregate amount of the total contract transaction price of firm orders for which the performance obligation has not yet been recognized in revenue as of March 31, 2021 was $1,395,436, compared to $1,454,406 as of September 30, 2020, the majority of which relate to Woodward’s Aerospace segment in both periods.  Woodward expects to recognize almost all of these remaining performance obligations within two years after March 31, 2021.  

Remaining performance obligations related to material rights that have not yet been recognized in revenue as of March 31, 2021 was $469,143, compared to $465,668 as of September 30, 2020, of which $7,348 is expected to be recognized in the remainder of fiscal year 2021, $11,027 is expected to be recognized in fiscal year 2022, and the balance is expected to be recognized thereafter.  Woodward expects to recognize revenue from performance obligations related to material rights over the life of the underlying programs, which may be as long as forty years.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Woodward designs, produces and services reliable, efficient, low-emission, and high-performance energy control products for diverse applications in markets throughout the world.  Woodward reports financial results for each of its Aerospace and Industrial reportable segments.  Woodward further disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by primary market as Woodward believes this best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

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Revenue by primary market for the Aerospace reportable segment was as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Commercial OEM	$	101,907	$	144,610	$	177,988	$	303,276
Commercial aftermarket		77,579		134,042		143,094		259,970
Defense OEM		135,630		139,901		266,893		280,827
Defense aftermarket		49,590		55,683		98,398		104,088
Total Aerospace segment net sales	$	364,706	$	474,236	$	686,373	$	948,161

Revenue by primary market for the Industrial reportable segment was as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Reciprocating engines	$	163,034	$	163,555	$	327,956	$	338,208
Industrial turbines		53,581		59,678		104,611		111,177
Renewables1		—		22,751		—		43,029
Total Industrial segment net sales	$	216,615	$	245,984	$	432,567	$	492,414

(1) Sales in the renewables market were discontinued as of May 1, 2020 following the closing of the divestiture of the renewable power systems business and other related businesses (as described more fully in Note 10, Sale of businesses, and defined therein as the “disposal group”).

The customers who each account for approximately 10% or more of net sales of each of Woodward’s reportable segments for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 are as follows:

	Customer
Aerospace	The Boeing Company, General Electric Company, Raytheon Technologies
Industrial	Rolls-Royce PLC, Weichai Westport, General Electric Company

Note 4.  Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period.

Diluted earnings per share reflects the weighted-average number of shares outstanding after consideration of the dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock.

The following is a reconciliation of net earnings to basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Numerator:
Net earnings	$	68,313	$	91,318	$	109,883	$	144,691
Denominator:
Basic shares outstanding		63,278		62,266		63,043		62,128
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock		2,376		2,298		2,231		2,494
Diluted shares outstanding		65,654		64,564		65,274		64,622
Income per common share:
Basic earnings per share	$	1.08	$	1.47	$	1.74	$	2.33
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.04	$	1.41	$	1.68	$	2.24

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The following stock option grants were outstanding but were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Options		41		686		602		686
Weighted-average option price	$	117.39	$	104.51	$	104.85	$	104.47

The weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share included the weighted-average treasury stock shares held for deferred compensation obligations of the following:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Weighted-average treasury stock shares held for deferred compensation obligations		196		216		197		214

Note 5.  Leases

Lessee arrangements

Woodward has entered into operating leases for certain facilities and equipment with terms in excess of one year under agreements that expire at various dates.  Some leases require the payment of property taxes, insurance, maintenance costs, or other similar costs in addition to rental payments.  Woodward has also entered into finance leases for equipment with terms in excess of one year under agreements that expire at various dates.  

Lease-related assets and liabilities follows:

	Classification on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Assets:
Operating lease assets	Other assets	$	21,935	$	18,918
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net		970		1,201
Total lease assets			22,905		20,119
Current liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities	Accrued liabilities		5,280		4,925
Finance lease liabilities	Current portion of long-term debt		1,398		1,634
Noncurrent liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities	Other liabilities		17,178		14,569
Finance lease liabilities	Long-term debt, less current portion		620		1,173
Total lease liabilities		$	24,476	$	22,301

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2020, Woodward determined that the approved plan to divest of the renewable power systems business and other related businesses (as described more fully in Note 10, Sale of businesses, and defined therein as the “disposal group”) represented a triggering event requiring that the long-lived assets attributable to the disposal group be assessed for impairment.  Given the facts and circumstances at that time, Woodward determined that the remaining value of the right-of-use (“ROU”) assets of the disposal group were not recoverable and a $639 non-cash impairment charge was recorded during fiscal year 2020.  

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Lease-related expenses were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,						Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Operating lease expense	$	1,615		$	1,532		$	3,168		$	3,051
Amortization of finance lease assets		94			101			220			248
Interest on finance lease liabilities		17			20			35			40
Variable lease expense		496			288			818			595
Short-term lease expense		76			162			158			337
Sublease income1		(214	)		(200	)		(382	)		(325	)
Total lease expense	$	2,084		$	1,903		$	4,017		$	3,946

(1) Relates to two separate subleases Woodward has entered into for a leased manufacturing building in Niles, Illinois.

Lease-related supplemental cash flow information was as follows:

	Six-Months Ended March 31, 2021		Six-Months Ended March 31, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	2,671	$	2,701
Operating cash flows for finance leases		35		40
Financing cash flows for finance leases		835		787
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for recorded lease obligations:
Operating leases		5,070		5,345
Finance leases		12		1,244

Lessor arrangements

Woodward has assessed its manufacturing contracts and concluded that certain of the contracts for the manufacture of customer products met the criteria to be considered a leasing arrangement (“embedded leases”) with Woodward as the lessor.  The specific manufacturing contracts that met the criteria were those that utilized Woodward property, plant and equipment and which is substantially (more than 90%) dedicated to the manufacturing of the product(s) for a single customer.  Woodward has dedicated manufacturing lines with three of its customers representing embedded leases, all of which qualified as operating leases with undefined quantities of future customer purchase commitments.  Although Woodward expects to allocate some portion of future net sales to these customers to embedded lessor arrangements, it cannot provide expected future undiscounted lease payments from property, plant and equipment leased to customers as of March 31, 2021.  If, in the future, customers reduce purchases of related products from Woodward, the Company believes it will derive additional value from the underlying equipment by repurposing its use to support other customer arrangements.  

Revenue from contracts with customers that included embedded operating leases, which is included in “Net sales” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings, was $1,511 for the three-months and $3,309 for the six-months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $1,561 for the three-months and $3,125 for the six-months ended March 31, 2020.

The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment leased to others through embedded leasing arrangements, included in “Property, plant and equipment, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, follows:

	March 31, 2021			September 30, 2020
Property, plant and equipment leased to others through embedded leasing arrangements	$	76,995		$	76,655
Less accumulated depreciation		(32,716	)		(29,819	)
Property, plant and equipment leased to others through embedded leasing arrangements, net	$	44,279		$	46,836

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Note 6.  Joint venture

In fiscal year 2016, Woodward and General Electric Company (“GE”), acting through its GE Aviation business unit, consummated the formation of a strategic joint venture between Woodward and GE (the “JV”) to develop, manufacture and support fuel systems for specified existing and all future GE commercial aircraft engines that produce thrust in excess of fifty thousand pounds.

Unamortized deferred revenue from material rights in connection with the JV formation included:

	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Accrued liabilities	$	4,419	$	4,066
Other liabilities		236,610		234,240

Amortization of the deferred revenue (material right) recognized as an increase to sales was $989 for the three-months and $2,171 for the six-months ended March 31, 2021, and $1,821 for the three-months and $3,529 for the six-months ended March 31, 2020.  

As part of the JV formation, GE pays contingent consideration to Woodward consisting of fifteen annual payments of $4,894 per year, which began in the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, subject to certain claw-back conditions.  Woodward received its annual payments of $4,894 during the three-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, which were recorded as deferred income and included in “Net cash provided by operating activities” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Other income related to Woodward’s equity interest in the earnings of the JV was as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Other income	$	3,779	$	4,681	$	6,165	$	7,893

Cash distributions to Woodward from the JV, recognized in “Net cash provided by operating activities” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Cash distributions	$	3,500	$	-	$	7,000	$	3,000

Net sales to the JV were as follows:  

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net sales1	$	8,325	$	16,606	$	18,384	$	31,484

(1) Net sales included a reduction of $6,635 for the three-months and $11,055 for the six-months ended March 31, 2021 related to royalties owed to the JV by Woodward on sales by Woodward directly to third party aftermarket customers, compared to a reduction to sales of $9,779 for the three-months and $17,013 for the six-months ended March 31, 2020.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets include “Accounts receivable” related to amounts the JV owed Woodward, “Accounts payable” related to amounts Woodward owed the JV, and “Other assets” related to Woodward’s net investment in the JV, as follows:

	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Accounts receivable	$	3,526	$	3,062
Accounts payable		4,534		1,502
Other assets		8,288		9,123

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Note 7.  Financial instruments and fair value measurements

The table below presents information about Woodward’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques Woodward utilized to determine such fair value as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  

	At March 31, 2021								At September 30, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Investments in term deposits with foreign banks	$	3,051	$	—	$	—	$	3,051	$	40,453	$	—	$	—	$	40,453
Equity securities		28,836		—		—		28,836		25,381		—		—		25,381
Total financial assets	$	31,887	$	—	$	—	$	31,887	$	65,834	$	—	$	—	$	65,834
Financial liabilities:
Cross-currency interest rate swaps	$	—	$	71,421	$	—	$	71,421	$	—	$	51,387	$	—	$	51,387
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	71,421	$	—	$	71,421	$	—	$	51,387	$	—	$	51,387

Investments in term deposits with foreign banks: Woodward’s foreign subsidiaries sometimes invest excess cash in various highly liquid financial instruments that Woodward believes are with creditworthy financial institutions.  Such investments are reported in “Cash and cash equivalents” at fair value, with realized gains from interest income recognized in earnings.  The carrying value of Woodward’s investments in term deposits with foreign banks are considered equal to the fair value given the highly liquid nature of the investments.  

Equity securities: Woodward holds marketable equity securities, through investments in various mutual funds, related to its deferred compensation program.  Based on Woodward’s intentions regarding these instruments, marketable equity securities are classified as trading securities.  The trading securities are reported at fair value, with realized gains and losses recognized in “Other (income) expense, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  The trading securities are included in “Other assets” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The fair values of Woodward’s trading securities are based on the quoted market prices for the net asset value of the various mutual funds.

Cross-currency interest rate swaps:  Woodward holds cross-currency interest rate swaps, which are accounted for at fair value.  In the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, the swaps in an asset position are included in “Other assets,” and swaps in a liability position are included in “Other liabilities”.  The fair values of Woodward’s cross-currency interest rate swaps are determined using a market approach that is based on observable inputs other than quoted market prices, including contract terms, interest rates, currency rates, and other market factors.  

Cash, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term borrowings are not remeasured to fair value, as the carrying cost of each approximates its respective fair value.  The estimated fair values and carrying costs of other financial instruments that are not required to be remeasured at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:

		At March 31, 2021				At September 30, 2020
	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Cost
Assets:
Notes receivable from municipalities	2	$	13,323	$	11,039	$	13,413	$	11,846
Note receivable from sale of disposal group	2		6,172		6,150		6,341		6,061
Investments in short-term time deposits	2		70		69		13,678		13,671
Liabilities:
Long-term debt	2	$	801,655	$	739,489	$	935,610	$	840,654

In connection with certain economic incentives related to Woodward’s development of a second campus in the greater-Rockford, Illinois area for its Aerospace segment and Woodward’s development of a new campus at its corporate headquarters in Fort Collins, Colorado, Woodward received long-term notes from municipalities within the states of Illinois and Colorado.  The fair value of the long-term notes was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments received at an interest rate available to Woodward at the end of the period for similarly rated municipal notes of similar maturity, which is a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  The interest rates used to estimate the fair value of the long-term notes were 1.3% at March 31, 2021 and 1.2% at September 30, 2020.

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In connection with the sale of the renewable power systems business and other related businesses (as described more fully in Note 10, Sale of businesses, and defined therein as the “disposal group”), Woodward received a long-term promissory note from the buyer for deferral of a portion of the purchase price.  The fair value of the long-term note was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments received at an interest rate available to Woodward at the end of the period for similarly rated promissory notes of similar maturity, which is a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  The interest rate used to estimate the fair value of the long-term note was 2.0% at March 31, 2021 and 2.3% at September 30, 2020.

From time to time, certain of Woodward’s foreign subsidiaries will invest excess cash in short-term time deposits with a fixed maturity date of longer than three months but less than one year from the date of the deposit.  Woodward believes that the investments are with creditworthy financial institutions. The fair value of the investments in short-term time deposits was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments to be received at an interest rate available to the foreign subsidiary entering into the investment for similar short-term time deposits of similar maturity.  This was determined to be a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  The interest rates used to estimate the fair value of the short-term time deposits was 4.4% at both March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020.  

The fair value of long-term debt was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments at interest rates available to the Woodward at the end of the period for similar debt of the same maturity, which is a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  The weighted-average interest rate used to estimate the fair value of long-term debt was 1.7% at March 31, 2021 and 1.5% at September 30, 2020.

Woodward does not have expected credit losses related to any financial assets that are not required to be remeasured at fair value.

Note 8.  Derivative instruments and hedging activities

Derivative instruments not designated or qualifying as hedging instruments

In May 2018, Woodward entered into cross-currency interest rate swap agreements that synthetically converted $167,420 of floating-rate debt under Woodward’s then existing revolving credit agreement to Euro denominated floating-rate debt in conjunction with the L’Orange acquisition (the “Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap”). Also in May 2018, Woodward entered into cross-currency interest rate swap agreements that synthetically converted an aggregate principal amount of $400,000 of fixed-rate debt associated with the 2018 Note Purchase Agreement (as defined in Note 15, Credit Facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt, in Woodward’s most recently filed Form 10-K) to Euro denominated fixed-rate debt (the “Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps”).

The cross-currency interest rate swaps, which effectively reduce the interest rate on the underlying fixed and floating-rate debt under the 2018 Notes (as defined in Note 15, Credit Facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt, in Woodward’s most recently filed Form 10-K) and Woodward’s then existing revolving credit agreement, respectively, is recorded as a reduction to “Interest expense” in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

In May 2020, Woodward terminated and settled its Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap and Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps and entered into a new floating-rate cross-currency interest rate swap (the “2020 Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap”), with a notional value of $45,000, and five fixed-rate cross-currency interest rate swap agreements (the “2020 Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps”), with an aggregate notional value of $400,000, which effectively reduced the interest rates on the underlying fixed and floating-rate debt, respectively under the 2018 Notes and Woodward’s existing revolving credit agreement, respectively.  The net interest income of the cross-currency interest rate swaps is recorded as a reduction to “Interest expense” in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  As of March 31, 2021, the total notional value of the 2020 Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap and the 2020 Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps was $33,750 and $400,000, respectively.  See Note 7, Financial Instruments and fair value measurements, for the related fair value of the derivative instruments as of March 31, 2021.

Derivatives instruments in fair value hedging relationships

Concurrent with the entry into the Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap, a corresponding Euro denominated intercompany loan receivable with identical terms and notional amount as the underlying Euro denominated floating-rate debt, with a reciprocal cross-currency interest rate swap, was entered into by Woodward Barbados Financing SRL (“Barbados”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Woodward, and is designated as a fair value hedge under the criteria prescribed in ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”).  The objective of the derivative instrument is to hedge against the foreign currency exchange risk attributable to the spot remeasurement of the Euro denominated intercompany loan.  

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In May 2020, Woodward settled the Euro denominated intercompany loan receivable with identical terms and notional value to the Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap and settled its reciprocal intercompany cross-currency interest rate swap.  The fair value hedge designated on these instruments was discontinued at the date of settlement.  Concurrently with settlement of the Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap and discontinuation of the previous fair value hedging relationship, a US dollar denominated intercompany loan payable with identical terms and notional value as the 2020 Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap, together with a reciprocal intercompany floating-rate cross-currency interest rate swap, was entered into by Woodward Barbados Euro Financing SRL (“Euro Barbados”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Woodward.  The US dollar denominated intercompany loan and reciprocal intercompany floating-rate cross-currency interest rate swap is designated as a fair value hedge under the criteria prescribed in ASC 815.  The objective of the derivative instrument is to hedge against the foreign currency exchange risk attributable to the spot remeasurement of the US dollar denominated intercompany loan, as Euro Barbados maintains a Euro functional currency.  

For each floating-rate intercompany cross-currency interest rate swap, only the change in the fair value related to the cross-currency basis spread, or excluded component, of the derivative instrument is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”).  The remaining change in the fair value of the derivative instrument is recognized in foreign currency transaction gain or loss included in “Selling, general and administrative costs” in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  The change in the fair value of the derivative instrument in foreign currency transaction gain or loss offsets the change in the spot remeasurement of the intercompany Euro and US dollar denominated loans.  Hedge effectiveness is assessed based on the fair value changes of the derivative instrument, after excluding any fair value changes related to the cross-currency basis spread.  The initial cost of the cross-currency basis spread is recorded in earnings each period through the swap accrual process.  There are no credit-risk-related contingent features associated with the intercompany floating-rate cross-currency interest rate swap.

Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships

In conjunction with the entry into the Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps, five corresponding intercompany loans receivable, with identical terms and amounts of each tranche of the underlying aggregate principal amount of $400,000 of fixed-rate debt, and reciprocal cross-currency interest rate swaps were entered into by Barbados, which are designated as cash flow hedges under the criteria prescribed in ASC 815.  The objective of these derivative instruments is to hedge the risk of variability in cash flows attributable to the foreign currency exchange risk of cash flows for future principal and interest payments associated with the Euro denominated intercompany loans over a fifteen-year period.  

In May 2020, Woodward settled the Euro denominated intercompany loans receivable with identical terms and notional value to the Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps and reciprocal cross-currency interest rate swaps.  The cash flow hedges designated on these instruments were discontinued at the date of settlement.  Concurrently with settlement of the Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps and the discontinuation of the previous cash flow hedging relationships, five corresponding US dollar intercompany loans payable, with identical terms and notional values of each tranche of the 2020 Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps, together with reciprocal fixed-rate intercompany cross-currency interest rate swaps, were entered into by Euro Barbados, which are designated as cash flow hedges under the criteria prescribed in ASC 815.  The objective of these derivative instruments is to hedge the risk of variability in cash flows attributable to the foreign currency exchange risk of cash flows for future principal and interest payments associated with the US dollar denominated intercompany loans over a thirteen-year period, as Euro Barbados maintains a Euro functional currency.  

For each of the fixed-rate intercompany cross-currency interest rate swaps, changes in the fair values of the derivative instruments are recognized in accumulated OCI and reclassified to foreign currency transaction gain or loss included in “Selling, general and administrative costs” in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  Reclassifications out of accumulated OCI of the change in fair value occur each reporting period based upon changes in the spot rate remeasurement of the Euro and US dollar denominated intercompany loans, including associated interest.  Hedge effectiveness is assessed based on the fair value changes of the derivative instruments and such hedges are deemed to be highly effective in offsetting exposure to variability in foreign exchange rates.  There are no credit-risk-related contingent features associated with these fixed-rate cross-currency interest rate swaps.

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Derivatives instruments in net investment hedging relationships

On September 23, 2016, Woodward and Woodward International Holding B.V., a wholly owned subsidiary of Woodward organized under the laws of The Netherlands (the “BV Subsidiary”), each entered into a note purchase agreement (the “2016 Note Purchase Agreement”) relating to the sale by Woodward and the BV Subsidiary of an aggregate principal amount of €160,000 of senior unsecured notes in a series of private placement transactions.  Woodward issued €40,000 aggregate principal amount of Woodward’s Series M Senior Notes due September 23, 2026 (the “Series M Notes”).  Woodward designated the Series M Notes as a hedge of a foreign currency exposure of Woodward’s net investment in its Euro denominated functional currency subsidiaries.  Related to the Series M Notes, included in foreign currency translation adjustments within total comprehensive (losses) earnings are net foreign exchange gains of $2,329 for the three-months and $102 for the six-months ended March 31, 2021, compared to net foreign exchange gains of $650 for the three-months and net foreign exchange losses of $395 for the six-months ended March 31, 2020.  

Impact of derivative instruments designated as qualifying hedging instruments

The following table discloses the impact of derivative instruments designated as qualifying hedging instruments on Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings:

		Three-Months Ended
		March 31, 2021
Derivatives in:	Location	Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreement designated as fair value hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	(1,660	)	$	(1,401	)	$	(1,660	)
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses		(19,023	)		(7,491	)		(19,023	)
		$	(20,683	)	$	(8,892	)	$	(20,683	)

		Three-Months Ended
		March 31, 2020
Derivatives in:	Location	Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreement designated as fair value hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	(2,043	)	$	(1,523	)	$	(1,646	)
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses		(5,598	)		(43,775	)		(5,598	)
Treasury lock agreement designated as cash flow hedge	Interest expense		(18	)		—			(18	)
		$	(7,659	)	$	(45,298	)	$	(7,262	)

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		Six-Months Ended
		March 31, 2021
Derivatives in:	Location	Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative		Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative		Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreement designated as fair value hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	190	$	262	$	190
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses		87		21,504		87
		$	277	$	21,766	$	277

		Six-Months Ended
		March 31, 2020
Derivatives in:	Location	Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreement designated as fair value hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	233		$	2,075		$	1,037
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses		3,393			(36,079	)		3,393
Treasury lock agreement designated as cash flow hedge	Interest expense		(36	)		—			(36	)
		$	3,590		$	(34,004	)	$	4,394

The remaining unrecognized gains and losses in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets associated with derivative instruments that were previously entered into by Woodward, which are classified in accumulated OCI, were net losses of $42,620 as of March 31, 2021 and $21,132 as of September 30, 2020.

Note 9.  Supplemental statement of cash flows information

	Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized	$	14,238	$	14,146
Income taxes paid		20,843		65,283
Income tax refunds received		12,143		11,012
Non-cash activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment on account		2,040		2,325
Impact of the adoption of ASC 842		—		255
Common shares issued from treasury to settle benefit obligations		14,900		14,748

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Note 10. Sale of businesses

In fiscal year 2020, Woodward’s board of directors (“the Board”) approved a plan to divest Woodward’s renewable power systems business, protective relays business, and other businesses within the Company’s Industrial segment (collectively, the “disposal group”).  

Woodward determined that the approved plan to divest the disposal group represented a triggering event requiring (i) the net assets of the disposal group to be classified as held for sale and (ii) the long-lived assets attributable to the disposal group be assessed for impairment.  Given the facts and circumstances at that time, Woodward determined that the value of the long-lived assets of the disposal group, including goodwill, intangible assets, ROU assets and property, plant, and equipment, were not recoverable and a $22,900 non-cash impairment charge was recorded during fiscal year 2020.  The non-cash impairment charge removed all the goodwill, intangible assets, ROU assets and property, plant, and equipment associated with the disposal group from the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020.

Further, on the approval of the divestiture plan and subsequent marketing of the disposal group, Woodward determined that based on the current market conditions, the carrying value of the disposal group’s remaining held for sale net assets exceeded the fair value.  As a result, Woodward recorded a valuation allowance to reduce the carrying value of the net assets of the disposal group to their fair value. The non-cash impairment charge associated with the long-lived assets, and related valuation allowance for the other remaining net assets attributable to the disposal group, resulted in a total impairment charge of $37,902.  

Note 11.  Inventories

	March 31,			September 30,
	2021			2020
Raw materials	$	122,056		$	123,626
Work in progress		92,124			92,934
Component parts(1)		254,042			255,980
Finished goods		70,321			66,889
Customer supplied inventory		15,790			14,955
On-hand inventory for which control has transferred to the customer		(132,012	)		(116,441	)
	$	422,321		$	437,943

(1) Component parts include items that can be sold separately as finished goods or included in the manufacture of other products.

Note 12.  Property, plant, and equipment

	March 31,			September 30,
	2021			2020
Land and land improvements	$	86,131		$	83,095
Buildings and building improvements		551,726			551,540
Leasehold improvements		19,164			18,610
Machinery and production equipment		788,147			776,884
Computer equipment and software		123,001			123,903
Office furniture and equipment		41,249			41,177
Other		19,838			19,814
Construction in progress		27,772			36,367
		1,657,028			1,651,390
Less accumulated depreciation		(691,823	)		(653,975	)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	965,205		$	997,415

During the three-months ended December 31, 2019, the Company closed on the sale of one of two parcels of real property at Woodward’s former Duarte operations and recorded a pre-tax gain on sale of assets of $13,522.

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During the three-months ended December 31, 2019, Woodward determined that the approved plan to divest of the disposal group represented a triggering event requiring the long-lived assets attributable to the disposal group be assessed for impairment.  Given the facts and circumstances at that time, Woodward determined that the remaining value of the plant, property and equipment of the disposal group was not recoverable and a $13,421 non-cash impairment charge was recorded during fiscal year 2020.  

For the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, Woodward had depreciation expense as follows:

	Three-Months Ended				Six-Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Depreciation expense	$	21,919	$	23,177	$	44,527	$	45,723

Note 13.  Goodwill

	September 30, 2020		Effects of Foreign Currency Translation			March 31, 2021
Aerospace	$	455,423	$	—		$	455,423
Industrial		352,829		(278	)		352,551
Consolidated	$	808,252	$	(278	)	$	807,974

Woodward tests goodwill for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, and at any time there is an indication goodwill is more-likely-than-not impaired, commonly referred to as triggering events.  Woodward’s fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 impairment test resulted in no impairment.  

During the three-months ended December 31, 2019, Woodward determined that the approved plan to divest of the disposal group represented a triggering event requiring the long-lived assets attributable to the disposal group be assessed for impairment.  Given the facts and circumstances at the time, Woodward determined that the remaining value of the goodwill of the disposal group was not recoverable, and an $8,640 non-cash impairment charge was recorded during fiscal year 2020.  

During the six-months ended March 31, 2021, Woodward determined the economic uncertainty and global disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted sales of all business units. Management concluded the overall economic disruption triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic generated a series of factors to consider relative to possible triggering events. However, management further concluded these factors do not individually or collectively represent triggering events that would indicate it was more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying amount as of March 31, 2021. Woodward will continue to monitor the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on earnings that may impact the carrying value of goodwill and long-lived assets in future periods.

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Note 14.  Intangible assets, net

	March 31, 2021							September 30, 2020
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Intangible assets with finite lives:
Customer relationships and contracts:
Aerospace	$	281,683	$	(203,451	)	$	78,232	$	281,683	$	(196,520	)	$	85,163
Industrial		408,252		(46,887	)		361,365		429,249		(57,045	)		372,204
Total	$	689,935	$	(250,338	)	$	439,597	$	710,932	$	(253,565	)	$	457,367
Intellectual property:
Aerospace	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
Industrial		15,821		(15,775	)		46		15,778		(15,640	)		138
Total	$	15,821	$	(15,775	)	$	46	$	15,778	$	(15,640	)	$	138
Process technology:
Aerospace	$	76,370	$	(65,565	)	$	10,805	$	76,371	$	(63,956	)	$	12,415
Industrial		90,796		(24,266	)		66,530		90,945		(22,300	)		68,645
Total	$	167,166	$	(89,831	)	$	77,335	$	167,316	$	(86,256	)	$	81,060
Other intangibles:
Aerospace	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
Industrial		233		(221	)		12		235		(183	)		52
Total	$	233	$	(221	)	$	12	$	235	$	(183	)	$	52
Intangible asset with indefinite life:
Tradename:
Aerospace	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
Industrial		67,958		—			67,958		68,094		—			68,094
Total	$	67,958	$	—		$	67,958	$	68,094	$	—		$	68,094
Total intangibles:
Aerospace	$	358,053	$	(269,016	)	$	89,037	$	358,054	$	(260,476	)	$	97,578
Industrial		583,060		(87,149	)		495,911		647,738		(138,605	)		509,133
Consolidated Total	$	941,113	$	(356,165	)	$	584,948	$	1,005,792	$	(399,081	)	$	606,711

Woodward tests the indefinite lived tradename intangible asset for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or at any time there is an indication the indefinite lived tradename intangible asset is more-likely-than-not impaired commonly referred to as triggering events.  Woodward’s fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 impairment test resulted in no impairment.  

During the three-months ended December 31, 2019, Woodward determined that the approved plan to divest of the disposal group represented a triggering event requiring the long-lived assets attributable to the disposal group be assessed for impairment.  Given the facts and circumstances at that time, Woodward determined that the remaining value of the intangible assets of the disposal group was not recoverable, and a $200 non-cash impairment charge was recorded during fiscal year 2020.

For the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, Woodward recorded amortization expense associated with intangibles of the following:

	Three-Months Ended				Six-Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Amortization expense	$	10,560	$	9,848	$	21,029	$	19,753

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Future amortization expense associated with intangibles is expected to be:

Year Ending September 30:
2021 (remaining)	$	20,668
2022		39,954
2023		38,903
2024		35,151
2025		29,937
Thereafter		352,377
	$	516,990

Note 15.  Credit facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt

Revolving credit facility

Woodward maintains a $1,000,000 revolving credit facility established under a revolving credit agreement among Woodward, a syndicate of lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent (the “Revolving Credit Agreement”).  The Revolving Credit Agreement provides for the option to increase available borrowings up to $1,500,000, subject to lenders’ participation.  Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement can be made by Woodward and certain of its foreign subsidiaries in U.S. dollars or in foreign currencies other than the U.S. dollar and generally bear interest at LIBOR plus 0.875% to 1.75%.  The Revolving Credit Agreement matures on June 19, 2024.  Under the Revolving Credit Agreement, there were no borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020.

Short-term borrowings

Woodward has other foreign lines of credit and foreign overdraft facilities at various financial institutions, which are generally reviewed annually for renewal and are subject to the usual terms and conditions applied by the financial institutions.  Pursuant to the terms of the related facility agreements, Woodward’s foreign performance guarantee facilities are limited in use to providing performance guarantees to third parties.  There were no borrowings outstanding on Woodward’s foreign lines of credit and foreign overdraft facilities as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020.  

Long-term debt

On November 15, 2020, Woodward paid the entire principal balance of $100,000 on its Series G and J Notes using cash on hand and proceeds from borrowings under its existing revolving credit facility.

Note 16.  Accrued liabilities

	March 31,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Salaries and other member benefits	$	43,803	$	50,850
Warranties		18,576		18,972
Interest payable		14,547		15,281
Accrued retirement benefits		3,013		3,051
Restructuring charges		403		3,395
Taxes, other than income		25,027		13,925
Net current contract liabilities		28,760		24,620
Other		30,221		21,700
	$	164,350	$	151,794

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Warranties

Provisions of Woodward’s sales agreements include product warranties customary to these types of agreements.  Accruals are established for specifically identified warranty issues that are probable to result in future costs.  Warranty costs are accrued as revenue is recognized on a non-specific basis whenever past experience indicates a normal and predictable pattern exists.  

Changes in accrued product warranties were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,						Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Warranties, beginning of period	$	21,079		$	18,927		$	18,972		$	27,309
Expense, net of recoveries		(377	)		8,115			1,012			3,782
Reductions for settlement of previous warranty liabilities		(1,843	)		(5,177	)		(1,451	)		(9,454	)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		(283	)		(95	)		43			133
Warranties, end of period	$	18,576		$	21,770		$	18,576		$	21,770

Restructuring charges

During the third quarter of fiscal year 2020, the Company committed to a plan of termination (the “Termination Plan”) in response to the ongoing global economic challenges resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the Company’s business. The Termination Plan involved the termination and/or furlough of employees and contractors at certain of the Company’s operating facilities, primarily in the United States. As a result of the Termination Plan, the Company incurred $23,673 of restructuring charges related to employee severance and benefits costs as of September 30, 2020.  All of the restructuring charges recorded during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 were recorded as nonsegment expenses.

The summary of activity in accrued restructuring charges during the six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

			Period Activity
	Balances as of September 30, 2020		Charges		Payments			Foreign currency exchange rate changes		Non-cash activity			Balances as of March 31, 2021
Workforce management costs associated with:
COVID-19 pandemic	$	3,395	$	—	$	(2,287	)	$	21	$	(726	)	$	403
Total	$	3,395	$	—	$	(2,287	)	$	21	$	(726	)	$	403

			Period Activity
	Balances as of September 30, 2019		Charges		Payments			Foreign currency exchange rate changes		Non-cash activity			Balances as of March 31, 2020
Workforce management costs associated with:
Duarte plant relocation	$	440	$	—	$	(440	)	$	—	$	—		$	—
Industrial turbomachinery business realignment		67		—		(24	)		—		(43	)		—
Total	$	507	$	—	$	(464	)	$	—	$	(43	)	$	—

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Note 17.  Other liabilities

	March 31,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Net accrued retirement benefits, less amounts recognized within accrued liabilities	$	116,694	$	114,013
Total unrecognized tax benefits		13,758		10,230
Noncurrent income taxes payable		16,388		18,322
Deferred economic incentives (1)		8,594		9,105
Cross-currency swap derivative liability		71,421		51,387
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		17,178		14,569
Net noncurrent contract liabilities		376,806		366,642
Other		25,061		33,637
	$	645,900	$	617,905

(1) Woodward receives certain economic incentives from various state and local authorities related to capital expansion projects.  Such amounts are initially recorded as deferred credits and are being recognized as a reduction to pre-tax expense over the economic lives of the related capital expansion projects.

Note 18.  Other (income) expense, net  

	Three-Months Ended						Six-Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Equity interest in the earnings of the JV (Note 6)	$	(3,779	)	$	(4,681	)	$	(6,165	)	$	(7,893	)
Net gain on sales of assets and businesses(1)		(1,354	)		(10	)		(1,942	)		(13,557	)
Rent income		(393	)		(324	)		(743	)		(575	)
Net (gain) loss on investments in deferred compensation program		(2,274	)		3,021			(3,257	)		1,776
Other components of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit, excluding service cost and interest expense		(3,401	)		(2,926	)		(7,051	)		(5,973	)
Other		(130	)		(143	)		(296	)		(266	)
	$	(11,331	)	$	(5,063	)	$	(19,454	)	$	(26,488	)

(1) Included in net gain on sale of assets and businesses for the six-months ended March 31, 2020 was the pre-tax gain on sale of Duarte real property in the amount of $13,522 recognized in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020.

Note 19.  Income taxes

The determination of the estimated annual effective tax rate is based upon a number of significant estimates and judgments.  In addition, as a global commercial enterprise, Woodward’s tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates or laws, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, changes in the estimate of the amount of undistributed foreign earnings that Woodward considers indefinitely reinvested, issuance of future guidance, interpretation, and rule-making, and other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty.  As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.

The following table sets forth the tax expense and the effective tax rate for Woodward’s earnings before income taxes:

	Three-Months Ended						Six-Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Earnings before income taxes	$	78,487		$	107,199		$	126,071		$	168,747
Income tax expense		10,174			15,881			16,188			24,056
Effective tax rate		13.0	%		14.8	%		12.8	%		14.3	%

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three-months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three-months ended March 31, 2020 is primarily attributable to a larger favorable increase in the net excess income tax benefit from stock-based compensation in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, partially offset by income tax credits in the second quarter of the prior year as a result of a reduction in projected earnings, which did not repeat in the current year quarter.  

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This decrease was partially offset by increased taxes on combined foreign earnings when compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, a reduction of India’s tax on dividend distributions that occurred during the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 which did not repeat in the current quarter, and the change to the annual effective tax rate benefit related to state income tax credits compared to full-year projected earnings in first quarter and second quarter of the prior year, which did not repeat in the current quarter.

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the six-months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the six-months ended March 31, 2020 is primarily attributable to larger favorable increase in the net excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation and the impact of decreased projected full-year earnings for fiscal year 2021 relative to the expected tax benefits from the research credit and various state income tax credits. This decrease is partially offset by the tax benefit associated with the impairment of assets held for sale and India’s tax on dividend distributions in fiscal year 2020, which did not repeat in the current fiscal year, and increased taxes on combined foreign earnings when compared to the prior fiscal year.

Gross unrecognized tax benefits were $13,314 as of March 31, 2021, and $9,851 as of September 30, 2020.  At March 31, 2021, the amount of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact Woodward’s effective tax rate was $7,349.  At this time, Woodward believes it is reasonably possible that the liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by as much as $1,884 in the next twelve months due to the completion of review by tax authorities, lapses of statutes, and the settlement of tax positions.  Woodward’s tax expense includes accruals for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits and all other interest and penalties related to tax payments.

Woodward’s tax returns are subject to audits by U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax authorities, and these audits are at various stages of completion at any given time.  Reviews of tax matters by authorities and lapses of the applicable statutes of limitation may result in changes to tax expense.  Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination for U.S. Federal income taxes include fiscal years 2018 and thereafter.  Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination for significant U.S. state income tax jurisdictions include fiscal years 2016 and thereafter.  Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination in significant foreign jurisdictions include 2016 and thereafter.

Note 20.  Retirement benefits

Woodward provides various retirement benefits to eligible members of the Company, including contributions to various defined contribution plans, pension benefits associated with defined benefit plans, postretirement medical benefits and postretirement life insurance benefits.  Eligibility requirements and benefit levels vary depending on employee location.

Defined contribution plans

Most of the Company’s U.S. employees are eligible to participate in the U.S. defined contribution plan.  The U.S. defined contribution plan allows employees to defer part of their annual income for income tax purposes into their personal 401(k) accounts.  The Company makes matching contributions to eligible employee accounts, which are also deferred for employee personal income tax purposes.  Certain non-U.S. employees are also eligible to participate in similar non-U.S. plans.

Most of Woodward’s U.S. employees with at least two years of service receive an annual contribution of Woodward stock, equal to 5% of their eligible prior year wages, to their personal Woodward Retirement Savings Plan accounts.  Woodward fulfilled its annual Woodward stock contribution obligation using shares held in treasury stock by issuing a total of 128 shares of common stock for a value of $14,900 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to a total of 124 shares of common stock for a value of $14,748 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

The amount of expense associated with defined contribution plans was as follows:

	Three-Months Ended				Six-Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Company costs	$	8,497	$	8,910	$	16,533	$	17,614

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Defined benefit plans

Woodward has defined benefit plans that provide pension benefits for certain retired employees in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany.  Woodward also provides other postretirement benefits to its employees including postretirement medical benefits and life insurance benefits.  Postretirement medical benefits are provided to certain current and retired employees and their covered dependents and beneficiaries in the United States.  Life insurance benefits are provided to certain retirees in the United States under frozen plans, which are no longer available to current employees.  A September 30 measurement date is utilized to value plan assets and obligations for all of Woodward’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans.

U.S. GAAP requires that, for obligations outstanding as of September 30, 2020, the funded status reported in interim periods shall be the same asset or liability recognized in the previous year end statement of financial position adjusted for (a) subsequent accruals of net periodic benefit cost that exclude the amortization of amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income (for example, subsequent accruals of service cost, interest cost, and return on plan assets) and (b) contributions to a funded plan or benefit payments.

The components of the net periodic retirement pension costs recognized are as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,
	United States						Other Countries						Total
	2021			2020			2021			2020			2021			2020
Service cost	$	432		$	415		$	736		$	708		$	1,168		$	1,123
Interest cost		1,239			1,397			343			319			1,582			1,716
Expected return on plan assets		(3,536	)		(3,086	)		(625	)		(708	)		(4,161	)		(3,794	)
Amortization of:
Net actuarial loss		135			357			234			260			369			617
Prior service cost		243			234			6			6			249			240
Net periodic retirement pension (benefit) cost	$	(1,487	)	$	(683	)	$	694		$	585		$	(793	)	$	(98	)
Contributions paid	$	—		$	—		$	675		$	601		$	675		$	601
	Six-Months Ended March 31,
	United States						Other Countries						Total
	2021			2020			2021			2020			2021			2020
Service cost	$	864		$	830		$	1,465		$	1,418		$	2,329		$	2,248
Interest cost		2,478			2,795			676			640			3,154			3,435
Expected return on plan assets		(7,072	)		(6,173	)		(1,227	)		(1,540	)		(8,299	)		(7,713	)
Amortization of:
Net actuarial loss		270			715			462			521			732			1,236
Prior service cost		485			468			12			12			497			480
Net periodic retirement pension (benefit) cost	$	(2,975	)	$	(1,365	)	$	1,388		$	1,051		$	(1,587	)	$	(314	)
Contributions paid	$	—		$	—		$	1,218		$	1,732		$	1,218		$	1,732

The components of net periodic retirement pension costs other than the service cost and interest cost components are included in the line item “Other (income) expense, net” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  The interest cost component is included in the line item “Interest expense” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

The components of the net periodic other postretirement benefit costs recognized are as follows:

	Three-Months Ended				Six-Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Service cost	$	1	$	—	$	1	$	1
Interest cost		149		196		299		391
Amortization of:
Net actuarial loss		8		11		15		23
Prior service cost		1		—		1		1
Net periodic other postretirement cost	$	159	$	207	$	316	$	416
Contributions paid	$	940	$	176	$	978	$	521

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The components of net periodic other postretirement benefit costs other than the service cost and interest cost components are included in the line item “Other (income) expense, net” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  The interest cost component is included in the line item “Interest expense” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

The amount of cash contributions made to these plans in any year is dependent upon a number of factors, including minimum funding requirements in the jurisdictions in which Woodward operates and arrangements made with trustees of certain foreign plans.  As a result, the actual funding in fiscal year 2021 may differ from the current estimate.  Woodward estimates its remaining cash contributions in fiscal year 2021 will be as follows:

Retirement pension benefits:
United States	$	—
United Kingdom		328
Japan		—
Germany		385
Other postretirement benefits		2,135

Note 21.  Stockholders’ equity

Stock repurchase program

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2017, the Board terminated the Company’s prior stock repurchase program and replaced it with a new program for the repurchase of up to $500,000 of Woodward’s outstanding shares of common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions over a three year period that ended in November 2019 (the “2017 Authorization”).  Effective upon the expiration of the 2017 Authorization in November 2019, the Board approved a new program for the repurchase of up to $500,000 of Woodward’s outstanding shares of common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions over a three year period that will end in 2022 (the “2019 Authorization”).  In the first half of fiscal year 2021, Woodward purchased no shares of its common stock under the 2019 Authorization.  Woodward repurchased 124 shares of common stock for $13,346 under the 2019 Authorization in the first half of fiscal year 2020.

Stock-based compensation

Provisions governing outstanding stock option awards are included in the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “2017 Plan”) and the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”), as applicable.

The 2017 Plan was approved by Woodward’s stockholders in January 2017 and is a successor plan to the 2006 Plan.  As of September 14, 2016, the effective date of the 2017 Plan, the Board delegated authority to administer the 2017 Plan to the compensation committee of the Board (the “Committee”), including, but not limited to, the power to determine the recipients of awards and the terms of those awards.  On January 29, 2020 and January 27, 2021, Woodward’s stockholders approved an additional 1,000 and 1,500 shares, respectively, of Woodward’s common stock to be made available for future grants.  Under the 2017 Plan, there were approximately 2,692 shares of Woodward’s common stock available for future grants as of March 31, 2021 and 1,972 shares as of September 30, 2020.

Stock options

Woodward believes that stock options align the interests of its employees and directors with the interests of its stockholders.  Stock option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of Woodward’s stock at the date the grants are awarded, a ten year term, and generally have a four year vesting schedule at a rate of 25% per year.

The fair value of options granted is estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-valuation model using the assumptions in the following table.  Woodward calculates the expected term, which represents the average period of time that stock options granted are expected to be outstanding, based upon historical experience of plan participants.  Expected volatility is based on historical volatility using daily stock price observations.  The estimated dividend yield is based upon Woodward’s historical dividend practice and the market value of its common stock.  The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve, for periods within the contractual life of the stock option, at the time of grant.

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		Three-Months Ended								Six-Months Ended
		March 31,								March 31,
		2021					2020		2021				2020
Weighted-average exercise price per share	$	122.88					$	127.84	$	82.46			$	104.91
Weighted-average grant date market value of Woodward stock	$	122.88					$	127.84	$	82.46			$	104.91
Expected term (years)			6.5	-		8.7		6.5		6.5	-	8.7		6.4	-	8.7
Estimated volatility		33.9%		-	36.2%			25.7%		33.3%	-	36.2%		25.7%	-	30.1%
Estimated dividend yield		0.5%		-	0.6%		0.9%			0.3%	-	0.6%		0.6%	-	0.9%
Risk-free interest rate		0.6%		-	1.1%			1.7%		0.4%	-	1.1%		1.6%	-	1.7%

The following is a summary of the activity for stock option awards during the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021:

	Three-Months Ended					Six-Months Ended
	March 31, 2021					March 31, 2021
	Number of options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share		Number of options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share
Options, beginning balance		5,901		$	65.47		5,443		$	62.00
Options granted		26			122.88		773			82.46
Options exercised		(410	)		41.71		(696	)		40.93
Options forfeited		—			—		(3	)		87.38
Options, ending balance		5,517			67.50		5,517			67.50

Changes in non-vested stock options during the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended					Six-Months Ended
	March 31, 2021					March 31, 2021
	Number of options			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share		Number of options			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Non-vested options outstanding, beginning balance		2,170		$	25.40		2,078		$	24.69
Options granted		26			42.45		773			28.22
Options vested		(90	)		20.66		(742	)		25.19
Options forfeited		—			—		(3	)		25.18
Non-vested options outstanding, ending balance		2,106			25.81		2,106			25.81

Information about stock options that have vested, or are expected to vest, and are exercisable at March 31, 2021 was as follows:

	Number of options		Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Life in Years		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding		5,517	$	67.50		6.4	$	293,200
Options vested and exercisable		3,423		58.05		5.1		214,223
Options vested and expected to vest		5,425		67.25		6.4		289,632

Stock-based compensation expense

Woodward recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.  Pursuant to form stock option agreements used by the Company, with terms approved by the administrator of the applicable plan, the requisite service period can be less than the four year vesting period based on grantee’s retirement eligibility.  As such, the recognition of stock-based compensation expense associated with some stock option grants can be accelerated to a period of less than four years, including immediate recognition of stock-based compensation expense on the date of grant.

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At March 31, 2021, there was approximately $15,693 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements, including both stock options and restricted stock awards.  The pre-vesting forfeiture rates for purposes of determining stock-based compensation expense recognized were estimated to be 0% for members of the Board and 7.3% for all others.  The remaining unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.1 years.

Note 22.  Commitments and contingencies

Woodward is currently involved in claims, pending or threatened litigation or other legal proceedings, investigations and/or regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including, among others, those relating to product liability claims, employment matters, worker’s compensation claims, contractual disputes, product warranty claims and alleged violations of various laws and regulations.  Woodward accrues for known individual matters using estimates of the most likely amount of loss where it believes that it is probable the matter will result in a loss when ultimately resolved and such loss is reasonably estimable.  Legal costs are expensed as incurred and are classified in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Woodward is partially self-insured in the United States for healthcare and worker’s compensation up to predetermined amounts, above which third party insurance applies.  Management regularly reviews the probable outcome of related claims and proceedings, the expenses expected to be incurred, the availability and limits of the insurance coverage, and the established accruals for liabilities.

While the outcome of pending claims, legal and regulatory proceedings, and investigations cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that any liabilities that may result from these claims, proceedings and investigations will not have a material effect on Woodward’s liquidity, financial condition, or results of operations.

In the event of a change in control of Woodward, as defined in change-in-control agreements with its corporate officers, Woodward may be required to pay termination benefits to such officers.

Note 23.  Segment information

Woodward serves the aerospace and industrial markets through its two reportable segments – Aerospace and Industrial.  When appropriate, Woodward’s reportable segments are aggregations of Woodward’s operating segments.  Woodward uses operating segment information internally to manage its business, including the assessment of operating segment performance and decisions for the allocation of resources between operating segments.  

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those of the Company.  Woodward evaluates segment profit or loss based on internal performance measures for each segment in a given period.  In connection with that assessment, Woodward generally excludes matters such as certain charges for restructuring, interest income and expense, certain gains and losses from asset dispositions, or other non-recurring and/or non-operationally related expenses.  

A summary of consolidated net sales and earnings by segment follows:

	Three-Months Ended						Six-Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Segment external net sales:
Aerospace	$	364,706		$	474,236		$	686,373		$	948,161
Industrial		216,615			245,984			432,567			492,414
Total consolidated net sales	$	581,321		$	720,220		$	1,118,940		$	1,440,575
Segment earnings:
Aerospace	$	69,008		$	117,638		$	115,474		$	210,549
Industrial		27,871			25,972			60,759			54,202
Nonsegment expenses		(10,426	)		(28,131	)		(33,785	)		(79,202	)
Interest expense, net		(7,966	)		(8,280	)		(16,377	)		(16,802	)
Consolidated earnings before income taxes	$	78,487		$	107,199		$	126,071		$	168,747

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Segment assets consist of accounts receivable; inventories; property, plant, and equipment, net; goodwill; and other intangibles, net.  A summary of consolidated total assets by segment follows:

	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Segment assets:
Aerospace	$	1,735,452	$	1,752,516
Industrial		1,529,109		1,529,411
Unallocated corporate property, plant and equipment, net		103,949		106,380
Other unallocated assets		652,262		515,029
Consolidated total assets	$	4,020,772	$	3,903,336

Note 24.  Subsequent events

On April 28, 2021, the Board approved a cash dividend of $0.1625 per share for the quarter, payable on June 1, 2021, for stockholders of record as of May 18, 2021.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that are deemed forward-looking statements.  These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of management.  Words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “seek,” “goal,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “continue,” “outlook,” “plan,” “project,” “target,” “strive,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements.  In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our businesses, and other characteristics of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements may include, among others, statements relating to:

• the impacts on our business relating to the global COVID-19 pandemic, including the impacts thereof to supply and demand, and measures taken by governments and private industry in response;

• future sales, earnings, cash flow, uses of cash, and other measures of financial performance;

• trends in our business and the markets in which we operate, including expectations in those markets in future periods;

• our expected expenses in future periods and trends in such expenses over time;

• descriptions of our plans and expectations for future operations;

• our expectations with regard to the status of the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft, the related impact on our original equipment manufacturer and initial provision sales, and the aircraft’s return to service;

• plans and expectations relating to the performance of our joint venture with General Electric Company;

• investments in new campuses, business sites and related business developments;

• the effect of economic trends or growth;

• the expected levels of activity in particular industries or markets and the effects of changes in those levels;

• the scope, nature, or impact of acquisition activity and integration of such acquisition into our business;

• the research, development, production, and support of new products and services;

• new business opportunities;

• restructuring and alignment costs and savings;

• our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions with respect to business opportunities that may be available to us;

• our liquidity, including our ability to meet capital spending requirements and operations;

• future repurchases of common stock;

• future levels of indebtedness and capital spending;

• the stability of financial institutions, including those lending to us;

• pension and other postretirement plan assumptions and future contributions; and

• our tax rate and other effects of changes in applicable tax laws.

We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by applicable law.  

Unless we have indicated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Form 10-Q to “Woodward,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Woodward, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.  

Except where we have otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, amounts presented in this Form 10-Q are in thousands, except per share amounts.

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OVERVIEW

COVID-19 Pandemic

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic. The pandemic has led to significant volatility in financial, commodities (including oil and gas) and other markets and industries (including the aviation industry) and has negatively affected the business and results of operations for the Company. As the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, we reacted quickly to navigate the uncertain market environment, reduce our cost structure, increase our focus on operational excellence, and prioritize diligent cash management. The aggressive actions we implemented continue to drive strong cash flow, improve our liquidity and overall financial position, and enable ongoing investments in opportunities for growth in the markets in which we do business.

The ongoing rollout of vaccines across many countries is driving optimism for economic recovery, but the enduring turbulence caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, including significantly reduced global passenger travel and new viral variants, continues to cloud near-term forecasts. We are unable to predict the extent to which the pandemic and related impacts will continue to adversely affect our business, including our operational performance, results of operations, financial position, and the achievement of our strategic objectives. Nonetheless, the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 showed improved results from the first quarter of fiscal year 2021 and we believe our markets will continue to improve for the remainder of the year and into fiscal year 2022.

We will continue to actively monitor the situation and may potentially take further actions to alter our business operations that we determine are in the best interests of our shareholders, employees, customers, communities, business partners, and suppliers, or as required by federal, state, or local authorities.  It is not clear what the potential effects any such alterations or modifications may have on our business in future periods, including the effects on the Company's customers, employees, and prospects, or on our financial results.

Divestiture of the Renewables business and related businesses

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2020, Woodward’s board of directors (the “Board”) approved a plan to divest our renewable power systems business, protective relay business, and other businesses within the Industrial segment (collectively, the “disposal group”).  The assets of the disposal group were primarily located in Germany, Poland and Bulgaria, and the transactions consummating the sale of the disposal group were completed on April 30, 2020 (the “Closing”).  Financial information for the disposal group is reflected in our financial statements prior to the date of Closing.  

Operational Highlights

Quarter to Date Highlights

Net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 were $581,321, a decrease of 19.3% or $138,899, from $720,220 for the second quarter of the prior fiscal year.  Foreign currency exchange rates had a favorable impact on net sales of $11,006 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 as compared to the same period of the prior year.  There were no sales for the disposal group for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, as the disposal group was divested on April 30, 2020.  Net sales excluding the disposal group for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 were $688,853.  Aerospace segment net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 were down 23.1% to $364,706, compared to $474,236 for the second quarter of the prior fiscal year.  Sequentially, Aerospace segment net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 were up 13.4%, or $43,039, compared to $321,667 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2021. Industrial segment net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 were $216,615, down 11.9% compared to $245,984 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. Industrial segment net sales excluding the disposal group were $214,617 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Sequentially, Industrial segment net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 were flat compared to the first quarter of fiscal year 2021.  Foreign currency exchange rates had a favorable impact on Industrial segment net sales of $10,435 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 as compared to the same period of the prior year.

Net earnings and adjusted net earnings for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 were both $68,313, or $1.04 per diluted share.  Net earnings for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 were $91,318, or $1.41 per diluted share, and adjusted net earnings for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 were $104,052, or $1.61 per diluted share.  

The effective tax rate and adjusted effective tax rate in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 were both 13.0%.  The effective tax rate in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 was 14.8%, and the adjusted effective tax rate in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 was 16.2%.

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Earnings before interest and taxes (“EBIT”) and adjusted EBIT for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 was $86,453, down 25.1% from $115,479 in the same period of fiscal year 2020.  Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and adjusted EBITDA for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 was $118,932, down 19.9% from $148,504 for the same period of fiscal year 2020.  Adjusted EBIT and adjusted EBITDA for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 were $132,401 and $165,426, respectively.  

Aerospace segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales were 18.9% in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to 24.8% in the second quarter of the prior fiscal year.  Industrial segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 were 12.9%, compared to 10.6% in the second quarter of the prior fiscal year.  For the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group were 11.6% of Industrial segment net sales excluding the disposal group.

Adjusted net earnings, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted effective tax rate, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA, as well as Industrial segment sales excluding the disposal group and Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group, are non-U.S. GAAP financial measures.  A description of these measures as well as a reconciliation of these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures to the closest U.S. GAAP financial measures can be found under the caption “Non-U.S. GAAP Measures” in this Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.

Year to Date Highlights

Net sales for the first half of fiscal year 2021 were $1,118,940, a decrease of 22.3% or $321,635, from $1,440,575 for the first half of the prior fiscal year. Foreign currency exchange rates had a favorable impact on net sales of $20,484 for the first half of fiscal year 2021. Aerospace segment net sales for the first half of fiscal year 2021 were down 27.6% to $686,373, compared to $948,161 for the first half of the prior fiscal year. Industrial segment net sales for the first half of fiscal year 2021 were $432,567, down 12.2% compared to $492,414 for the first half of fiscal year 2020. Industrial segment net sales excluding the disposal group for the first half of fiscal year 2020 were $432,480.

Net earnings and adjusted net earnings for the first half of fiscal year 2021 were both $109,883, or $1.68 per diluted share. Net earnings for the first half of fiscal year 2020 were $144,691, or $2.24 per diluted share, and adjusted net earnings for the first half of fiscal year 2020 were $175,266, or $2.71 per diluted share.

The effective tax rate and adjusted effective tax rate in the first half of fiscal year 2021 were both 12.8%.  For the first half of fiscal year 2020, the effective tax rate was 14.3% and the adjusted effective tax rate was 16.6%.

EBIT and adjusted EBIT for the first half of fiscal year 2021 was $142,448, down 23.2% from $185,549 in the same period of fiscal year 2020. EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA for the first half of fiscal year 2021 was $208,004, down 17.1% from $251,025 for the same period of fiscal year 2020. Adjusted EBIT and adjusted EBITDA for the first half of fiscal year 2021 were $226,851 and $292,327, respectively.

Aerospace segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales were 16.8% in the first half of fiscal year 2021, compared to 22.2% in the first half of the prior fiscal year. Industrial segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales in the first half of fiscal year 2021 were 14.0%, compared to 11.0% in the first half of the prior fiscal year. Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group were 11.8% of Industrial segment net sales excluding the disposal group for the first half of fiscal year 2020.

Adjusted net earnings, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted effective tax rate, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA, as well as Industrial segment sales excluding the disposal group and Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group, are non-U.S. GAAP financial measures.  A description of these measures as well as a reconciliation of these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures to the closest U.S. GAAP financial measures can be found under the caption “Non-U.S. GAAP Measures” in this Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.

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Liquidity Highlights

Net cash provided by operating activities for the first half of fiscal year 2021 was $218,997, compared to $52,179 for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  The increase in net cash provided by operating activities in the first half of fiscal year 2021 compared to the first half of the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to the timing of cash payments to suppliers, as well as cash payments for annual bonuses and certain tax payments, both of which were paid in the first half of fiscal year 2020 but were not paid in the first half of fiscal year 2021.

For the first half of fiscal year 2021, free cash flow, which we define as net cash flow from operating activities less payments for property, plant and equipment, was $205,684, compared to $22,818 for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  Adjusted free cash flow, which we define as free cash flow, plus the cash proceeds from the sale of real property at our former Duarte, California operations was $28,980 for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  No adjustments were made to free cash flow for the first half of fiscal year 2021.  Free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow are non-U.S. GAAP financial measures.  A description of these measures as well as a reconciliation of these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures to the closest U.S. GAAP financial measures can be found under the caption “Non-U.S. GAAP Measures” in this Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.

At March 31, 2021, we held $287,595 in cash and cash equivalents and had total outstanding debt of $737,493.  We have additional borrowing availability of $989,131, net of outstanding letters of credit, under our revolving credit agreement.  At March 31, 2021, we also had additional borrowing capacity of $7,442 under various foreign lines of credit and foreign overdraft facilities.  

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth consolidated statements of earnings data as a percentage of net sales for each period indicated:

	Three-Months Ended												Six-Months Ended
	March 31, 2021			% of Net Sales			March 31, 2020			% of Net Sales			March 31, 2021			% of Net Sales			March 31, 2020			% of Net Sales
Net sales	$	581,321			100	%	$	720,220			100	%	$	1,118,940			100	%	$	1,440,575			100	%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold		434,243			74.7	%		517,514			71.9	%		835,883			74.7	%		1,052,431			73.1	%
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		44,329			7.6	%		57,629			8.0	%		100,440			9.0	%		119,674			8.3	%
Research and development costs		27,627			4.8	%		34,661			4.8	%		59,623			5.3	%		71,507			5.0	%
Impairment of assets sold		—			0.0	%		—			0.0	%		—			0.0	%		37,902			2.6	%
Interest expense		8,249			1.4	%		8,756			1.2	%		17,155			1.5	%		17,765			1.2	%
Interest income		(283	)		(0.1	)%		(476	)		(0.1	)%		(778	)		(0.1	)%		(963	)		(0.1	)%
Other (income) expense, net		(11,331	)		(1.9	)%		(5,063	)		(0.7	)%		(19,454	)		(1.7	)%		(26,488	)		(1.8	)%
Total costs and expenses		502,834			86.5	%		613,021			85.1	%		992,869			88.7	%		1,271,828			88.3	%
Earnings before income taxes		78,487			13.5	%		107,199			14.9	%		126,071			11.3	%		168,747			11.7	%
Income tax expense		10,174			1.8	%		15,881			2.2	%		16,188			1.4	%		24,056			1.7	%
Net earnings	$	68,313			11.8	%	$	91,318			12.7	%	$	109,883			9.8	%	$	144,691			10.0	%

Other select financial data:

	March 31,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Working capital	$	1,026,754	$	818,533
Current portion of long-term debt		1,398		101,634
Total debt		737,493		838,483
Total stockholders' equity		2,133,301		1,992,677

34

Net Sales

Consolidated net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 decreased by $138,899, or 19.3%, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2020.  Consolidated net sales for the first half of fiscal year 2021 decreased by $321,635, or 22.3%, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2020.

Details of the changes in consolidated net sales are as follows:

	Three-Month Period			Six-Month Period
Consolidated net sales for the period ended March 31, 2020	$	720,220		$	1,440,575
Aerospace volume		(105,566	)		(255,603	)
Industrial volume		(8,933	)		(20,348	)
Disposals group divestiture impact		(31,367	)		(59,933	)
Noncash consideration		(7,655	)		(13,973	)
Effects of changes in price and sales mix		3,616			7,738
Effects of changes in foreign currency rates		11,006			20,484
Consolidated net sales for the period ended March 31, 2021	$	581,321		$	1,118,940

The decrease in consolidated net sales for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2021 is primarily attributable to the decline in sales volume related to the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.  In the Aerospace segment, the decrease in net sales volumes is primarily attributable to lower commercial sales as a result of the secular decline in global passenger traffic and original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) production rates, in each case as a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic.  In the Industrial segment, the decrease in net sales volumes is primarily attributable to the divestiture of the disposal group, continued weakness in the oil and gas market and the associated aftermarket due to the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by favorable effects of foreign currency exchange rates and strong demand for natural gas powered trucks in China.  

Costs and Expenses

Cost of goods sold decreased by $83,271 to $434,243, or 74.7% of net sales, for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, from $517,514, or 71.9% of net sales, for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Cost of goods sold decreased by $216,548 to $835,883, or 74.7% of net sales, for the first half of fiscal year 2021 from $1,052,431, or 73.1% of net sales, for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  The decrease in cost of goods sold in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2021 compared to the same period of the prior year is primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the global disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.  

Gross margin (as measured by net sales less cost of goods sold, divided by net sales) was 25.3% for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2021, compared to 28.1% for the second quarter and 26.9% for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  The decrease in gross margin for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2021 compared to the same periods of the prior year primarily due to lower Aerospace OEM and aftermarket sales volume as a result of global disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $13,300, or 23.1%, to $44,329 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $57,629 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased by $19,234, or 16.1%, to $100,440 for the first half of fiscal year 2021, compared to $119,674 for the first half of fiscal year 2020. Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales decreased to 7.6% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to 8.0% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  While selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased on an overall dollar basis in the first half of fiscal year 2021 compared to the first half of fiscal year 2020, selling general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales increased to 9.0% for the first half of fiscal year 2021, compared to 8.3% for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses on an overall dollar basis is primarily due to a decrease in certain expenses incurred in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 related to merger and divestiture activities, which did not repeat in the current year quarter, as well as savings in the current year quarter from cost reduction initiatives.

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Research and development costs decreased by $7,034, or 20.3%, to $27,627 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, as compared to $34,661 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Research and development costs as a percentage of net sales were flat for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year.  Research and development costs decreased by $11,884, or 16.6%, to $59,623 for the first half of fiscal year 2021, as compared to $71,507 for the first half of fiscal year 2020. Research and development costs increased as a percentage of net sales to 5.3% for the first half of fiscal year 2021, as compared to 5.0% for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  Research and development costs decreased primarily due to savings from cost reduction initiatives.  Our research and development activities extend across almost all of our customer base, and we anticipate ongoing variability in research and development due to the timing of customer business needs on current and future programs.

Impairment of assets sold was comprised entirely of a charge of $37,902 recognized in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020.  The Board approved a plan to divest the disposal group, which resulted in the recognition of the associated assets and liabilities as held for sale at that time. Concurrently, Woodward determined that the assets held for sale, net of any liabilities held for sale, were impaired and recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $37,902, representing the write down of the associated net assets held for sale to their fair market value as of December 31, 2019.

Interest expense decreased by $507, or 5.8%, to $8,249 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $8,756 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Interest expense increased as a percentage of net sales to 1.4% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, as compared to 1.2% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Interest expense decreased by $610, or 3.4%, to $17,155 for the first half of fiscal year 2021, as compared to $17,765 for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  Interest expense as a percentage of net sales was 1.5% for the first half of fiscal year 2021, compared to 1.2% for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  In the first half of fiscal year 2021, we have paid the entire balance of two series of private placement notes totaling $100,000 primarily using cash from operations and proceeds from our revolving credit facility.  The revolving credit facility bears interest at a substantially lower rate than the private placement notes that were paid.

Other income increased by $6,268 to $11,331 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $5,063 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Other income decreased by $7,034 to $19,454 for the first half of fiscal year, compared to $26,488 for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  Other income increased for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year primarily due to net market gains on investments in our deferred compensation program.  Other income decreased in the first half of fiscal year 2021 compared to the first half of fiscal year 2020 primarily due to a gain on the sale of a portion of our property in Duarte, California in the amount of $13,552, which was recognized in the first half of fiscal year 2020.

Income taxes were provided at an effective rate on earnings before income taxes of 13.0% for the second quarter and 12.8% for the first half of fiscal year 2021, and 14.8% for the second quarter and 14.3% for the first half of fiscal year 2020.

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 compared to the same period of the prior year is primarily attributable to a larger favorable increase in the net excess income tax benefit from stock-based compensation in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, and the impact of decreased projected full-year earnings for fiscal year 2021 relative to the expected tax benefits from the research credit.  This decrease was partially offset by increased taxes on combined foreign earnings when compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, a reduction of India’s tax on dividend distributions that occurred in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 which did not repeat in the current quarter, partially offset by income tax credits in the second quarter of the prior year as a result of a reduction in projected earnings, which did not repeat in the current year quarter.

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the first half of fiscal year 2021 compared to same period of the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to larger favorable increase in the net excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation and the impact of decreased projected full-year earnings for fiscal year 2021 relative to the expected tax benefits from the research credit and various state income tax credits.  This decrease is partially offset by the tax benefit associated with the impairment of assets held for sale and India’s tax on dividend distributions in fiscal year 2020 that did not repeat in the current fiscal year, and increased taxes on combined foreign earnings when compared to the prior fiscal year.

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Segment Results

The following table presents sales by segment:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,								Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021				2020				2021				2020
Net sales:
Aerospace	$	364,706	62.7	%	$	474,236	65.8	%	$	686,373	61.3	%	$	948,161	65.8	%
Industrial		216,615	37.3	%		245,984	34.2	%		432,567	38.7	%		492,414	34.2	%
Consolidated net sales	$	581,321	100	%	$	720,220	100	%	$	1,118,940	100	%	$	1,440,575	100	%

The following table presents earnings by segment and reconciles segment earnings to consolidated net earnings:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,						Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Aerospace	$	69,008		$	117,638		$	115,474		$	210,549
Industrial		27,871			25,972			60,759			54,202
Nonsegment expenses		(10,426	)		(28,131	)		(33,785	)		(79,202	)
Interest expense, net		(7,966	)		(8,280	)		(16,377	)		(16,802	)
Consolidated earnings before income taxes		78,487			107,199			126,071			168,747
Income tax expense		(10,174	)		(15,881	)		(16,188	)		(24,056	)
Consolidated net earnings	$	68,313		$	91,318		$	109,883		$	144,691

The following table presents segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,						Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Aerospace		18.9	%		24.8	%		16.8	%		22.2	%
Industrial		12.9	%		10.6	%		14.0	%		11.0	%

Aerospace

Aerospace segment net sales decreased by $109,530, or 23.1%, to $364,706 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $474,236 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Aerospace segment net sales decreased by $261,788, or 27.6%, to $686,373 for the first half of fiscal year 2021, compared to $948,161 for the same period of fiscal year 2020.  Sequentially, segment net sales increased by $43,039, or 13.4% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $321,667 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2021.  Segment net sales decreased from the prior fiscal year primarily as a result of lower commercial sales due to the decline in global passenger traffic and OEM production rates as a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic.  However, sequentially, commercial OEM and aftermarket sales increased from the first quarter of fiscal year 2021 as a result of increasing production rates and utilization, the return to service of the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft, and higher global passenger traffic.

Defense OEM sales decreased in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2021 compared to the same periods of fiscal year 2020, primarily driven by lower sales for guided weapons and fixed wing aircraft attributable in large part to absenteeism and supply chain disruptions as a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a very strong quarter in the same periods of the prior fiscal year.  Our defense aftermarket sales were flat in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2021 compared to the same periods of fiscal year 2020, but remain strong as the U.S. Government has prioritized the combat readiness of existing military programs on which we have content.  

Aerospace segment earnings decreased by $48,630, or 41.3%, to $69,008 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $117,638 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Aerospace segment earnings decreased by $95,075, or 45.2%, to $115,474 for the first half of fiscal year 2021, compared to $210,549 for the first half of fiscal year 2020.

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The decrease in Aerospace segment earnings for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2021 was due to the following:

	Three-Month Period			Six-Month Period
Earnings for the period ended March 31, 2020	$	117,638		$	210,549
Sales volume		(54,256	)		(127,085	)
Price, sales mix and productivity		(5,730	)		(1,593	)
Savings from cost reduction initiatives		7,388			19,410
Other, net		3,968			14,193
Earnings for the period ended March 31, 2021	$	69,008		$	115,474

Aerospace segment earnings as a percentage of segment net sales were 18.9% for the second quarter and 16.8% for the first half of fiscal year 2021, compared to 24.8% for the second quarter and 22.2% for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  The decrease in Aerospace segment earnings in the second quarter and the first half of fiscal year 2021 was primarily due to lower volume, including a significant decline in commercial aftermarket, as a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by savings from cost reduction initiatives.

Industrial

Industrial segment net sales decreased by $29,369, or 11.9%, to $216,615 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $245,984 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Industrial segment net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 increased by $1,998, or 0.9%, compared to Industrial segment net sales excluding the disposal group of $214,617 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Industrial segment net sales decreased by $59,847, or 12.2%, to $432,567 for the first half of fiscal year 2021, compared to $492,414 for the same period of fiscal year 2020.  Industrial segment net sales for the first half of fiscal year 2021 were flat compared to Industrial segment net sales excluding the disposal group of $432,480 for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  Foreign currency exchange rates had a favorable impact on segment net sales of $10,435 and $19,722 for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2021, respectively.

The decrease in Industrial segment net sales in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2021 was primarily due to the divestiture of the disposal group, lower sales volumes as a result of the weak oil and gas market and the ongoing impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by strong demand for natural gas powered trucks in China.  

Sales of fuel systems for natural gas powered trucks in China were up in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year.  We foresee continued growth in global energy demand moving forward, with the bulk of this expansion coming from developing economies in Asia, as increased emissions regulations continue to drive the shift to natural gas powered and cleaner burning diesel engines.  The industrial gas turbine market remained stable during the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 and we do not expect this market to be as negatively impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic as other global energy markets due to low inventory levels and pent up demand for repair and overhaul.  

Industrial segment earnings increased by $1,899, or 7.3%, to $27,871 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $25,972 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Segment earnings increased by $6,557, or 12.1%, to $60,759 for the first half of fiscal year 2021, compared to $54,202 for the same period of fiscal year 2020.  There were no earnings for the disposal group in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2021 because the divestiture preceded the period.  Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2020 were $24,870 and $50,854, respectively.

The increase in Industrial segment earnings for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2021 was due to the following:

	Three-Month Period			Six-Month Period
Earnings for the period ended March 31, 2020	$	25,972		$	54,202
Sales volume		(8,357	)		(13,722	)
Price, sales mix and productivity		(2,648	)		(3,033	)
Savings from cost reduction initiatives		7,629			14,202
Effects of changes in foreign currency rates		1,661			3,360
Other, net		3,614			5,750
Earnings for the period ended March 31, 2021	$	27,871		$	60,759

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Industrial segment earnings as a percentage of segment net sales were 12.9% for the second quarter and 14.0% for the first half of fiscal year 2021, compared to 10.6% for the second quarter and 11.0% for the first half of fiscal year 2020.  Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group were 11.6% and 11.8% of Industrial segment net sales excluding the disposal group for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2020, respectively.  The increase in Industrial segment earnings in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2021 was primarily due to savings from cost reduction initiatives and favorable effects from changes in foreign currency rates, partially offset by lower sales volume.  

Nonsegment

Nonsegment expenses decreased to $10,426 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to $28,131 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.  Included in nonsegment expenses for the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 was merger and divestiture transaction costs of $16,922.  Aside from these items, nonsegment expenses decreased in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 primarily due to savings from cost reduction initiatives.

Nonsegment expenses decreased to $33,785 for the first half of fiscal year 2021, compared to $79,202 for the first half of fiscal year 2020. Included in nonsegment expenses for the first half of fiscal year 2020 were merger and divestiture transaction costs of $16,922, and the impairment charge on assets held for sale associated with the divestiture of our Renewables Business in the amount of $37,902, partially offset by a gain on the sale of a portion of our property in Duarte, California in the amount of $13,552.  Aside from these items, the decrease in nonsegment expenses in the first half of fiscal year 2021 compared to the first half of fiscal year 2020 was primarily due to savings from cost reduction initiatives.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Historically, we have satisfied our working capital needs, as well as capital expenditures, product development and other liquidity requirements associated with our operations, with cash flow provided by operating activities and borrowings under our credit facilities.  From time to time, we have also issued debt to supplement our cash needs, repay our other indebtedness, or finance our acquisitions.  We continue to expect that cash generated from our operating activities, together with borrowings under our revolving credit facility and other borrowing capacity, will be sufficient to fund our continuing operating needs for the foreseeable future.

In addition to our revolving credit facility, we have various foreign credit facilities, some of which are tied to net amounts on deposit at certain foreign financial institutions.  These foreign credit facilities are reviewed annually for renewal.  We use borrowings under these foreign credit facilities to finance certain local operations on a periodic basis.  For further discussion of our revolving credit facility and our other credit facilities, see Note 15, Credit facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item I of this Form 10-Q.

At March 31, 2021, we had total outstanding debt of $737,493 consisting of various series of unsecured notes due between 2023 and 2033 and obligations under our finance leases.  At March 31, 2021, we had additional borrowing availability of $989,131 under our revolving credit facility, net of outstanding letters of credit, and additional borrowing availability of $7,442 under various foreign credit facilities.

At March 31, 2021, we had no borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility.  We also had no borrowings or average daily balance outstanding under our revolving credit facility during the second quarter of fiscal year 2021.  Revolving credit facility and short-term borrowing activity during the six-months ended March 31, 2021 were as follows:

Maximum daily balance during the period	$	20,100
Average daily balance during the period	$	1,436
Weighted average interest rate on average daily balance		1.26	%

To our knowledge, we were in compliance with all our debt covenants as of March 31, 2021.  Additionally, we do not believe the current known impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic will affect our ability to remain in compliance with our debt covenants.  See Note 15, Credit facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of our most recent Form 10-K, for more information about our covenants.  

In addition to utilizing our cash resources to fund the working capital needs of our business, we evaluate additional strategic uses of our funds, including the repurchase of our common stock, payment of dividends, significant capital expenditures, consideration of strategic acquisitions and other potential uses of cash.  

39

Our ability to service our long-term debt, to remain in compliance with the various restrictions and covenants contained in our debt agreements, and to fund working capital, capital expenditures and product development efforts will depend on our ability to generate cash from operating activities, which in turn is subject to, among other things, future operating performance as well as general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other conditions, some of which may be beyond our control.  We do not believe the current known impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our ability to satisfy our long-term debt obligations.

In November 2019, the Board terminated our prior stock repurchase program and replaced it with a new program for the repurchase of up to $500,000 of Woodward’s outstanding shares of common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions over a three-year period ending in in 2022 (the “2019 Authorization).  In the first half of fiscal year 2021, we repurchased no shares of our common stock under the 2019 Authorization.  In the first half of fiscal year 2020, we repurchased 124 shares of our common stock for $13,346 under the 2019 Authorization.  

We believe that cash flows from operations, along with our contractually committed borrowings and other borrowing capability, will continue to be sufficient to fund anticipated capital spending requirements and our operations for the foreseeable future.  However, we could be adversely affected if the financial institutions providing our capital requirements refuse to honor their contractual commitments, cease lending, or declare bankruptcy.  We believe the lending institutions participating in our credit arrangements are financially stable and do not currently foresee adverse impacts to financial institutions supporting our capital requirements as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise.

Cash Flows

	Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	218,997		$	52,179
Net cash provided by investing activities		589			2,131
Net cash used in financing activities		(87,785	)		(48,462	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		2,524			(2,072	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		134,325			3,776
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, at beginning of year		153,270			99,073
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, at end of period	$	287,595		$	102,849

Net cash flows provided by operating activities for the first half of fiscal year 2021 was $218,997, compared to $52,179 for the same period of fiscal year 2020.  The increase in net cash provided by operating activities in the first half of fiscal year 2021 compared to the first half of the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to the timing of cash payments to suppliers, as well as cash payments for annual bonuses and certain tax payments, both of which were paid in the first half of fiscal year 2020, but were not paid in the first half of fiscal year 2021.

Net cash flows provided by investing activities for the first half of fiscal year 2021 was $589, compared to $2,131 for the same period of fiscal year 2020.  The decrease in cash flows provided by investing activities in the first half of fiscal year 2021 compared to the first half of the prior fiscal year is primarily due to proceeds in the amount of $18,767 from the sale of a parcel of our Duarte real property recognized in the first half of fiscal year 2020, while no such proceeds were received in same period of fiscal year 2021, partially offset by lower payments for property, plant and equipment.

Net cash flows used in financing activities for the first half of fiscal year 2021 was $87,785, compared to $48,462 for the same period of fiscal year 2020.  The change in net cash flows used in financing activities in the first half of fiscal year 2021 compared to the first half of the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to the change in net debt payments.  During the first half of fiscal year 2021, we had net debt payments in the amount of $100,835, compared to net debt payments in the amount of $20,317 in the first half of fiscal year 2020.  

Contractual Obligations

We have various contractual obligations, including obligations related to long-term debt, operating and finance leases, purchases, retirement pension benefit plans, and other postretirement benefit plans.  These contractual obligations are summarized and discussed more fully in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our most recent Form 10-K.

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Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted net earnings, adjusted earnings per share, Industrial segment net sales excluding the disposal group, Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow, and adjusted free cash flow are financial measures not prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  However, we believe these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures provide additional information that enables readers to evaluate our business from the perspective of management.

Industrial segment net sales excluding the disposal group

The Company presents certain sales measures excluding the disposal group net sales, which it refers to as “excluding the disposal group”, for the prior year period to show the changes to Woodward’s historical business without the businesses included in the disposal group, which occurred in April 2020. The Company calculates Industrial segment net sales excluding net sales attributable to the disposal group by removing the net sales of the disposal group from the net sales of its Industrial segment. The Company believes that the exclusion of the disposal group net sales for the prior year period illustrates more clearly how the underlying business of its Industrial segment is performing in the current year period, as the disposal group sales are no longer related to the ongoing operations of the Industrial segment business. The Company’s definition of Industrial segment earnings and Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group is discussed below.

The reconciliation of Industrial segment net sales to Industrial segment net sales excluding the disposal group is shown in the table below:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Industrial segment net sales (U.S. GAAP)	$	216,615	$	245,984	$	432,567	$	492,414
Disposal group net sales		—		31,367		—		59,934
Industrial segment net sales excluding the disposal group (Non-U.S. GAAP)	$	216,615	$	214,617	$	432,567	$	432,480

Earnings based non-U.S. GAAP financial measures

Adjusted net earnings is defined by the Company as net earnings excluding, as applicable, (i) the gain on sale of assets associated with the sale of the Company’s Duarte real property, (ii) the charge from the impairment of assets held for sale, and the losses from assets sold, associated with the Company’s divestiture of the disposal group, (iii) costs associated with the now-terminated merger agreement with Hexcel, and (iv) transaction costs associated with the divestiture of the disposal group.  The Company believes that these excluded items are short-term in nature, not directly related to the ongoing operations of the business and therefore, the exclusion of them illustrates more clearly how the underlying business of Woodward is performing.  Management uses adjusted net earnings to evaluate the Company’s performance excluding these infrequent or unusual period expenses that are not necessarily indicative of the Company’s operating performance for the period.  Management defines adjusted earnings per share as adjusted net earnings, as defined above, divided by the weighted-average number of diluted shares of common stock outstanding for the period.  Management uses both adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share when comparing operating performance to other periods which may not have similar, infrequent or unusual charges.

The reconciliation of net earnings and earnings per share to adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share, respectively, is shown in the tables below:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,
	2021				2020
	Net Earnings		Earnings Per Share		Net Earnings		Earnings Per Share
Net earnings (U.S. GAAP)	$	68,313	$	1.04	$	91,318	$	1.41
Non-U.S. GAAP adjustments:
Merger and divestiture transaction costs, net of tax		—		—		12,734		0.20
Non-U.S. GAAP adjustments		—		—		12,734		0.20
Adjusted net earnings (Non-U.S. GAAP)	$	68,313	$	1.04	$	104,052	$	1.61

41

	Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021				2020
	Net Earnings		Earnings Per Share		Net Earnings			Earnings Per Share
Net earnings (U.S. GAAP)	$	109,883	$	1.68	$	144,691		$	2.24
Non-U.S. GAAP adjustments:
Gain on sale of Duarte facility, net of tax		—		—		(10,175	)		(0.16	)
Impairment from assets sold, net of tax		—		—		28,016			0.43
Merger and divestiture transaction costs, net of tax		—		—		12,734			0.20
Total non-U.S. GAAP adjustments		—		—		30,575			0.47
Adjusted net earnings (Non-U.S. GAAP)	$	109,883	$	1.68	$	175,266		$	2.71

Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group

The Company also presents certain earnings measures excluding the disposal group for the prior year period to more clearly show how the underlying business of its Industrial segment is performing in the current period.  Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group is defined by the Company as Industrial segment earnings excluding the earnings or losses related to businesses included in the disposal group.  The Company believes that these earnings or losses are no longer related to the ongoing operations of the Industrial segment business and therefore, the exclusion of these earnings illustrates more clearly how the underlying business of Woodward’s Industrial segment is performing.  Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group as a percentage of Industrial segment net sales excluding the disposal group is defined by management as the percentage of segment earnings compared to segment net sales excluding the earnings (or losses) and net sales related to businesses included in the disposal group.  

The reconciliation of Industrial segment earnings to Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group is shown in the table below:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Industrial segment earnings (U.S. GAAP)	$	27,871	$	25,972	$	60,759	$	54,202
Disposal group earnings		—		1,102		—		3,350
Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group (Non-U.S. GAAP)	$	27,871	$	24,870	$	60,759	$	50,852

Management uses EBIT to evaluate Woodward’s performance without financing and tax related considerations, as these elements do not fluctuate with operating results.  Management uses EBITDA in evaluating Woodward’s operating performance, making business decisions, including developing budgets, managing expenditures, forecasting future periods, and evaluating capital structure impacts of various strategic scenarios.  Securities analysts, investors and others frequently use EBIT and EBITDA in their evaluation of companies, particularly those with significant property, plant, and equipment, and intangible assets subject to amortization.  The Company believes that EBIT and EBITDA are useful measures to the investor when measuring operating performance as they eliminate the impact of financing and tax expenses, which are non-operating expenses and may be driven by factors outside of the Company’s operations, such as changes in tax laws or regulations, and, in the case of EBITDA, the noncash charges associated with depreciation and amortization.  Further, as interest from financing, income taxes, depreciation and amortization can vary dramatically between companies and between periods, management believes that the removal of these items can improve comparability.

Adjusted EBIT and adjusted EBITDA represent further non-U.S. GAAP adjustments to EBIT and EBITDA, in each case adjusted to exclude, as applicable, (i) the gain on sale of assets associated will the sale of the Company’s Duarte real property, (ii) the charge from the impairment of assets held for sale, and the losses from assets sold, associated with the Company’s divestiture of its disposal group, (iii) costs associated with the now-terminated merger agreement with Hexcel, and (iv) transaction costs associated with the divestiture of the disposal group.  As these gains and charges are infrequent or unusual items that can be variable from period to period and do not fluctuate with operating results, management believes that by removing these gains and charges from EBIT and EBITDA it improves comparability of past, present and future operating results and provides consistency when comparing EBIT and EBITDA between periods.

42

EBIT and adjusted EBIT reconciled to net earnings were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,						Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Net earnings (U.S. GAAP)	$	68,313		$	91,318		$	109,883		$	144,691
Income tax expense		10,174			15,881			16,188			24,056
Interest expense		8,249			8,756			17,155			17,765
Interest income		(283	)		(476	)		(778	)		(963	)
EBIT (Non-U.S. GAAP)		86,453			115,479			142,448			185,549
Non-U.S. GAAP adjustments:
Gain on sale of Duarte facility		—			—			—			(13,522	)
Impairment from assets sold		—			—			—			37,902
Merger and divestiture transaction costs		—			16,922			—			16,922
Total non-U.S. GAAP adjustments		—			16,922			—			41,302
Adjusted EBIT (Non-U.S. GAAP)	$	86,453		$	132,401		$	142,448		$	226,851

EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA reconciled to net earnings were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,						Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Net earnings (U.S. GAAP)	$	68,313		$	91,318		$	109,883		$	144,691
Income tax expense		10,174			15,881			16,188			24,056
Interest expense		8,249			8,756			17,155			17,765
Interest income		(283	)		(476	)		(778	)		(963	)
Amortization of intangible assets		10,560			9,848			21,029			19,753
Depreciation expense		21,919			23,177			44,527			45,723
EBITDA (Non-U.S. GAAP)		118,932			148,504			208,004			251,025
Non-U.S. GAAP adjustments:
Gain on sale of Duarte facility		—			—			—			(13,522	)
Impairment from assets sold		—			—			—			37,902
Merger and divestiture transaction costs		—			16,922			—			16,922
Total non-U.S. GAAP adjustments		—			16,922			—			41,302
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-U.S. GAAP)	$	118,932		$	165,426		$	208,004		$	292,327

The use of these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  As adjusted net earnings, adjusted net earnings per share, Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA exclude certain financial information compared with net earnings, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, users of this financial information should consider the information that is excluded.  Our calculations of adjusted net earnings, adjusted net earnings per share, Industrial segment earnings excluding the disposal group, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA may differ from similarly titled measures used by other companies, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

Cash flow-based non-U.S. GAAP financial measures  

Management uses free cash flow, which is defined by the Company as net cash flows provided by operating activities less payments for property, plant and equipment, in reviewing the financial performance of and cash generation by Woodward’s various business groups and evaluating cash levels.  We believe free cash flow is a useful measure for investors because it portrays our ability to grow organically and generate cash from our businesses for purposes such as paying interest on our indebtedness, repaying maturing debt, funding business acquisitions, investing in research and development, purchasing our common stock, and paying dividends.  In addition, securities analysts, investors, and others frequently use free cash flow in their evaluation of companies.  

43

Adjusted free cash flow represents a further non-U.S. GAAP adjustment to free cash flow the prior year period to include cash proceeds received from the sale of real property located at our former operations in Duarte, California and exclude cash paid for merger and divestiture related transaction costs.  Management believes that by including or excluding these items, as applicable, in free cash flow it better portrays the cash impact from our fiscal year 2018 decision to relocate our Duarte, California operations to the renovated Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado and excludes the infrequent or unusual cash payments for merger and divestiture transaction costs, which are not indicative of the Company’s operating performance for the period.

The use of these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation of, or as substitutes for, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  Free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow do not necessarily represent funds available for discretionary use and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs.  Our calculation of free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow may differ from similarly titled measures used by other companies, limiting their usefulness as a comparative measure.

Free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow reconciled to net cash provided by operating activities were as follows:

	Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020
Net cash provided by operating activities (U.S. GAAP)	$	218,997		$	52,179
Payments for property, plant and equipment		(13,313	)		(29,361	)
Free cash flow (Non-U.S. GAAP)		205,684			22,818
Cash proceeds from the sale of the Duarte facility		—			18,767
Cash paid for merger and divestiture transaction costs		—			13,074
Adjusted free cash flow (Non-U.S. GAAP)	$	205,684		$	54,659

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes.  Note 1, Operations and summary of significant accounting policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our most recent Form 10-K, describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements.  Our critical accounting estimates, identified in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our most recent Form 10-K, include the discussion of estimates used for revenue recognition, inventory valuation, reviews for impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets, postretirement benefit obligations, and our provision for income taxes.  Such accounting policies and estimates require significant judgments and assumptions to be used in the preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q, and actual results could differ materially from the amounts reported.  

New Accounting Standards

From time to time, the FASB or other standards-setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements.  Updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification are communicated through issuance of an Accounting Standards Update.  

To understand the impact of recently issued guidance, whether adopted or to be adopted, please review the information provided in Note 2, New accounting standards, in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.  Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued guidance, whether adopted or to be adopted in the future, is not expected to have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2021, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in our financial condition, revenues, or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources, that are material to investors.

44

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

In the normal course of business, we have exposures to interest rate risk from our long-term and short-term debt and our postretirement benefit plans, and foreign currency exchange rate risk related to our foreign operations and foreign currency transactions.  We are also exposed to various market risks that arise from transactions entered into in the normal course of business related to items such as the cost of raw materials and changes in inflation.  Certain contractual relationships with customers and vendors mitigate risks from changes in raw material costs and foreign currency exchange rate changes that arise from normal purchasing and normal sales activities.

These market risks are discussed more fully in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of our most recent Form 10-K.  These market risks have not materially changed since the date our most recent Form 10-K was filed with the SEC.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.  These disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Principal Executive Officer (Thomas A. Gendron, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President) and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer (Robert F. Weber, Jr., Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Thomas A. Gendron and Robert F. Weber, Jr., evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.  Based on their evaluations, they concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of March 31, 2021.

There have not been any significant changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Woodward is currently involved in claims, pending or threatened litigation or other legal proceedings, investigations and/or regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including, among others, those relating to product liability claims, employment matters, worker’s compensation claims, contractual disputes, product warranty claims and alleged violations of various laws and regulations.  Woodward accrues for known individual matters using estimates of the most likely amount of loss where it believes that it is probable the matter will result in a loss when ultimately resolved and such loss is reasonably estimable.  

While the outcome of pending claims, legal and regulatory proceedings, and investigations cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that any liabilities that may result from these claims, proceedings and investigations will not have a material effect on Woodward's liquidity, financial condition, or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investment in our securities involves risk.  An investor or potential investor should consider the risks summarized under the caption “Risk Factors:” in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Form 10-K when making investment decisions regarding our securities.  The risk factors that were disclosed in our most recent Form 10-K have not materially changed since the date our most recent Form 10-K was filed with the SEC.

45

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (In thousands, except for shares and per share amounts)	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Weighted Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)		Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that may yet be Purchased under the Plans or Programs at Period End (1)
January 1, 2021 through January 31, 2021		25	$	111.95		—	$	486,654
February 1, 2021 through February 28, 2021 (2)		128,741		116.00		128,443		471,754
March 1, 2021 through March 31, 2021 (2)		23		120.63		—		471,754

(1) In November 2019, the Board approved a stock repurchase program for the repurchase of up to $500,000 of Woodward’s outstanding shares of common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions over a three-year period that will end in November 2022.

(2) Under a trust established for the purposes of administering the Woodward Executive Benefit Plan, 25 shares of common stock were acquired in January 2021, 25 shares of common stock were acquired in February 2021, and 23 shares of common stock were acquired in March 2021 on the open market related to the deferral of compensation by certain eligible members of Woodward’s management who irrevocably elected to invest some or all of their deferred compensation in Woodward common stock.  In addition, 273 shares of common stock were acquired in February 2021 on the open market related to the reinvestment of dividends for shares of treasury stock held for deferred compensation.  Shares owned by the trust, which is a separate legal entity, are included in "Treasury stock held for deferred compensation" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits filed as part of this Report are listed in the Exhibit Index.

WOODWARD, INC.

EXHIBIT INDEX

	Exhibit Number	Description
	10.1	Amended and Restated Woodward, Inc. Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February 2, 2021)
*	31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of Thomas A. Gendron
*	31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of Robert F. Weber, Jr.
*	32.1	Section 1350 certifications
*	101	The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
*	104	Cover page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed as an exhibit to this Report

46

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	WOODWARD, INC.
Date:  May 4, 2021	/s/ Thomas A. Gendron
	Thomas A. Gendron
	Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and President (on behalf of the registrant and as the registrant’s Principal Executive Officer)
Date:  May 4, 2021	/s/ Robert F. Weber, Jr.
	Robert F. Weber, Jr.
	Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer (on behalf of the registrant and as the registrant’s Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

47

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Woodward, Inc.

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certifications

CERTIFICATION

I, Thomas A. Gendron, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2021, of Woodward, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  May 4, 2021	/s/ Thomas A. Gendron
	Thomas A. Gendron
	Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and President (Principal Executive Officer)

A signed original of this written statement required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), has been provided to Woodward and will be retained by Woodward and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Woodward, Inc.

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certifications

CERTIFICATION

I, Robert F. Weber, Jr., certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2021, of Woodward, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  May 4, 2021	/s/ Robert F. Weber, Jr.
	Robert F. Weber, Jr.
	Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

A signed original of this written statement required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), has been provided to Woodward and will be retained by Woodward and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Woodward, Inc.

Section 1350 certifications

We hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2021 (the “Quarterly Report”), of Woodward, Inc., fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Woodward, Inc.

Date:	May 4, 2021	/s/ Thomas A. Gendron Thomas A. Gendron Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and President
Date:	May 4, 2021	/s/ Robert F. Weber, Jr. Robert F. Weber, Jr. Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Rule 13a-14(b)/15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement, has been provided to Woodward and will be retained by Woodward and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Apr. 30, 2021
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2021
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-08408
Entity Registrant Name	WOODWARD, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	36-1984010
Entity Address, Address Line One	1081 Woodward Way
Entity Address, City or Town	Fort Collins
Entity Address, State or Province	CO
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	80524
City Area Code	970
Local Phone Number	482-5811
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.001455 per share
Trading Symbol	WWD
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		63,525,499
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0000108312
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2021

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 581,321	$ 720,220	$ 1,118,940	$ 1,440,575
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold	434,243	517,514	835,883	1,052,431
Selling, general and administrative expenses	44,329	57,629	100,440	119,674
Research and development costs	27,627	34,661	59,623	71,507
Impairment of assets sold				37,902
Interest expense	8,249	8,756	17,155	17,765
Interest income	(283)	(476)	(778)	(963)
Other (income) expense, net	(11,331)	(5,063)	(19,454)	(26,488)
Total costs and expenses	502,834	613,021	992,869	1,271,828
Earnings before income taxes	78,487	107,199	126,071	168,747
Income tax expense	10,174	15,881	16,188	24,056
Net earnings	$ 68,313	$ 91,318	$ 109,883	$ 144,691
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	$ 1.08	$ 1.47	$ 1.74	$ 2.33
Diluted earnings per share	$ 1.04	$ 1.41	$ 1.68	$ 2.24
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding:
Basic	63,278	62,266	63,043	62,128
Diluted	65,654	64,564	65,274	64,622

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings
Net earnings	$ 68,313	$ 91,318	$ 109,883	$ 144,691
Other comprehensive earnings:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(8,789)	(13,355)	8,539	(2,202)
Net (loss)/gain on foreign currency transactions designated as hedges of net investments in foreign subsidiaries	(2,329)	650	(102)	(395)
Taxes on changes in foreign currency translation adjustments	(2,555)	130	(871)	(210)
Foreign currency translation and transactions adjustments, net of tax	(13,673)	(12,575)	7,566	(2,807)
Unrealized (loss)/gain on fair value adjustment of derivative instruments	8,892	45,298	(21,766)	34,004
Reclassification of net realized (gain)/loss on derivatives to earnings	(20,683)	(7,262)	277	4,394
Taxes on changes in derivative transactions	1,543	(790)	203	(772)
Derivative adjustments, net of tax	(10,248)	37,246	(21,286)	37,626
Amortization of pension and other postretirement plan:
Net prior service cost	250	240	498	481
Net loss	377	628	747	1,259
Foreign currency exchange rate changes on pension and other postretirement benefit plan liabilities	453	1,225	(1,244)	(277)
Taxes on changes in pension and other postretirement benefit plan liability adjustments, net of foreign currency exchange rate changes	(284)	(592)	72	(352)
Pension and other postretirement benefit plan adjustments, net of tax	796	1,501	73	1,111
Total comprehensive earnings	$ 45,188	$ 117,490	$ 96,236	$ 180,621

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash of $1,908 and $3,497, respectively	$ 287,595	$ 153,270
Accounts receivable, less allowance for uncollectible amounts of $7,522 and $8,359, respectively	588,064	537,987
Inventories	422,321	437,943
Income taxes receivable	30,459	28,879
Other current assets	39,723	52,786
Total current assets	1,368,162	1,210,865
Property, plant and equipment, net	965,205	997,415
Goodwill	807,974	808,252
Intangible assets, net	584,948	606,711
Deferred income tax assets	14,873	14,658
Other assets	279,610	265,435
Total assets	4,020,772	3,903,336
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	1,398	101,634
Accounts payable	162,715	134,242
Income taxes payable	12,945	4,662
Accrued liabilities	164,350	151,794
Total current liabilities	341,408	392,332
Long-term debt, less current portion	736,095	736,849
Deferred income tax liabilities	164,068	163,573
Other liabilities	645,900	617,905
Total liabilities	1,887,471	1,910,659
Commitments and contingencies (Note 22)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.003 per share, 10,000 shares authorized, no shares issued
Common stock, par value $0.001455 per share, 150,000 shares authorized, 72,960 shares issued	106	106
Additional paid-in capital	257,006	231,936
Accumulated other comprehensive losses	(103,441)	(89,794)
Deferred compensation	9,103	9,222
Retained earnings	2,522,384	2,427,905
Stockholders' equity	2,685,158	2,579,375
Treasury stock at cost, 9,454 shares and 10,277 shares, respectively	(542,754)	(577,476)
Treasury stock held for deferred compensation, at cost, 192 shares and 199 shares, respectively	(9,103)	(9,222)
Total stockholders' equity	2,133,301	1,992,677
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 4,020,772	$ 3,903,336

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Current assets:
Restricted cash	$ 1,908	$ 3,497
Allowance for uncollectible amounts, accounts receivable	$ 7,522	$ 8,359
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.003	$ 0.003
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001455	$ 0.001455
Common stock, shares authorized	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	72,960,000	72,960,000
Treasury stock, shares	9,454,000	10,277,000
Treasury stock held for deferred compensation, shares	192,000	199,000

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands		6 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings		$ 109,883	$ 144,691
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		65,556	65,476
Impairment of assets sold			37,902
Net gain on sales of assets and businesses	[1]	(1,942)	(13,557)
Stock-based compensation		16,438	13,475
Deferred income taxes		1,622	135
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable		(10,565)	(521)
Unbilled receivables (contract assets)		(32,565)	(50,624)
Costs to fulfill a contract		(9,226)	(15,064)
Inventories		16,877	(28,982)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		53,555	(78,878)
Contract liabilities		14,370	13,673
Income taxes		4,700	(30,331)
Retirement benefit obligations		(3,450)	(2,152)
Other		(6,256)	(3,064)
Net cash provided by operating activities		218,997	52,179
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for purchase of property, plant, and equipment		(13,313)	(29,361)
Proceeds from sale of assets		86	18,831
Proceeds from sales of short-term investments		16,566	12,684
Payments for purchases of short-term investments		(2,750)	(23)
Net cash provided by investing activities		589	2,131
Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash dividends paid		(15,404)	(27,525)
Proceeds from sales of treasury stock		28,454	12,726
Payments for repurchases of common stock			(13,346)
Borrowings on revolving lines of credit and short-term borrowings		74,400	788,306
Payments on revolving lines of credit and short-term borrowings		(74,400)	(807,869)
Payments of long-term debt and finance lease obligations		(100,835)	(754)
Net cash (used in) financing activities		(87,785)	(48,462)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		2,524	(2,072)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		134,325	3,776
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, at beginning of year		153,270	99,073
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, at end of period		$ 287,595	$ 102,849

[1] Included in net gain on sale of assets and businesses for the six-months ended March 31, 2020 was the pre-tax gain on sale of Duarte real property in the amount of $13,522 recognized in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Treasury Stock at Cost [Member]	Treasury Stock Held for Deferred Compensaton [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments [Member]	Unrealized Derivative Gains (Losses) [Member]	Minimum Retirement Benefit Liability Adjustments [Member]	Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Earnings [Member]	Deferred Compensation [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]
Balances at Sep. 30, 2019	$ 1,726,741	$ 106	$ (602,098)	$ (9,382)	$ 207,120	$ (53,235)	$ (4,955)	$ (45,116)	$ (103,306)	$ 9,382	$ 2,224,919
Balance, Common Stock, shares at Sep. 30, 2019		72,960,000
Balance, Treasury Stock, shares at Sep. 30, 2019			(11,040,000)
Balance, Treasury stock held for deferred compensation, shares at Sep. 30, 2019				(211,000)
Net earnings	144,691										144,691
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax	35,930					(2,807)	37,626	1,111	35,930
Cash dividends paid	(27,525)										(27,525)
Purchases of treasury stock	(13,346)		$ (13,346)
Purchases of treasury stock, shares			(124,000)
Sales of treasury stock	12,725		$ 15,246		(2,521)
Sales of treasury stock, shares			363,000
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans	14,748		$ 5,328		9,420
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans, shares			124,000
Stock-based compensation	13,475				13,475
Purchases/transfers of stock by/to deferred compensation plan				$ (624)						624
Purchases and transfer of stock by/to deferred compensation plan, shares				(6,000)
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation plan				$ 43						(43)
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation plan, shares				1,000
Balances at Mar. 31, 2020	1,907,694	$ 106	$ (594,870)	$ (9,963)	227,494	(56,042)	32,671	(44,005)	(67,376)	9,963	2,342,340
Balance, Common Stock, shares at Mar. 31, 2020		72,960,000
Balance, Treasury Stock, shares at Mar. 31, 2020			(10,677,000)
Balance, Treasury stock held for deferred compensation, shares at Mar. 31, 2020				(216,000)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2019	1,798,603	$ 106	$ (592,596)	$ (9,911)	216,158	(43,467)	(4,575)	(45,506)	(93,548)	9,911	2,268,483
Balance, Common Stock, shares at Dec. 31, 2019		72,960,000
Balance, Treasury Stock, shares at Dec. 31, 2019			(10,814,000)
Balance, Treasury stock held for deferred compensation, shares at Dec. 31, 2019				(215,000)
Net earnings	91,318										91,318
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax	26,172					(12,575)	37,246	1,501	26,172
Cash dividends paid	(17,461)										(17,461)
Purchases of treasury stock	(13,346)		$ (13,346)
Purchases of treasury stock, shares			(124,000)
Sales of treasury stock	5,167		$ 5,744		(577)
Sales of treasury stock, shares			137,000
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans	14,748		$ 5,328		9,420
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans, shares			124,000
Stock-based compensation	2,493				2,493
Purchases/transfers of stock by/to deferred compensation plan				$ (81)						81
Purchases and transfer of stock by/to deferred compensation plan, shares				(1,000)
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation plan				$ 29						(29)
Balances at Mar. 31, 2020	1,907,694	$ 106	$ (594,870)	$ (9,963)	227,494	(56,042)	32,671	(44,005)	(67,376)	9,963	2,342,340
Balance, Common Stock, shares at Mar. 31, 2020		72,960,000
Balance, Treasury Stock, shares at Mar. 31, 2020			(10,677,000)
Balance, Treasury stock held for deferred compensation, shares at Mar. 31, 2020				(216,000)
Cumulative effect from adoption | ASC 842 [Member]	255										255
Balances at Sep. 30, 2020	$ 1,992,677	$ 106	$ (577,476)	$ (9,222)	231,936	(40,691)	(20,457)	(28,646)	(89,794)	9,222	2,427,905
Balance, Common Stock, shares at Sep. 30, 2020	72,960,000	72,960,000
Balance, Treasury Stock, shares at Sep. 30, 2020	(10,277,000)		(10,277,000)
Balance, Treasury stock held for deferred compensation, shares at Sep. 30, 2020	(199,000)			(199,000)
Net earnings	$ 109,883										109,883
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax	(13,647)					7,566	(21,286)	73	(13,647)
Cash dividends paid	(15,404)										(15,404)
Sales of treasury stock	28,454		$ 29,364		(910)
Sales of treasury stock, shares			695,000
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans	14,900		$ 5,358		9,542
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans, shares			128,000
Stock-based compensation	16,438				16,438
Purchases/transfers of stock by/to deferred compensation plan				$ (317)						317
Purchases and transfer of stock by/to deferred compensation plan, shares				(3,000)
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation plan				$ 436						(436)
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation plan, shares				10,000
Balances at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 2,133,301	$ 106	$ (542,754)	$ (9,103)	257,006	(33,125)	(41,743)	(28,573)	(103,441)	9,103	2,522,384
Balance, Common Stock, shares at Mar. 31, 2021	72,960,000	72,960,000
Balance, Treasury Stock, shares at Mar. 31, 2021	(9,454,000)		(9,454,000)
Balance, Treasury stock held for deferred compensation, shares at Mar. 31, 2021	(192,000)			(192,000)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 2,063,462	$ 106	$ (565,095)	$ (9,485)	244,394	(19,452)	(31,495)	(29,369)	(80,316)	9,485	2,464,373
Balance, Common Stock, shares at Dec. 31, 2020		72,960,000
Balance, Treasury Stock, shares at Dec. 31, 2020			(9,992,000)
Balance, Treasury stock held for deferred compensation, shares at Dec. 31, 2020				(201,000)
Net earnings	68,313										68,313
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax	(23,125)					(13,673)	(10,248)	796	(23,125)
Cash dividends paid	(10,302)										(10,302)
Sales of treasury stock	17,084		$ 16,983		101
Sales of treasury stock, shares			410,000
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans	14,900		$ 5,358		9,542
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans, shares			128,000
Stock-based compensation	2,969				2,969
Purchases/transfers of stock by/to deferred compensation plan				$ (41)						41
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation plan				$ 423						(423)
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation plan, shares				9,000
Balances at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 2,133,301	$ 106	$ (542,754)	$ (9,103)	$ 257,006	$ (33,125)	$ (41,743)	$ (28,573)	$ (103,441)	$ 9,103	$ 2,522,384
Balance, Common Stock, shares at Mar. 31, 2021	72,960,000	72,960,000
Balance, Treasury Stock, shares at Mar. 31, 2021	(9,454,000)		(9,454,000)
Balance, Treasury stock held for deferred compensation, shares at Mar. 31, 2021	(192,000)			(192,000)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Statement Of Stockholders Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends per share	$ 0.1625	$ 0.2800	$ 0.2438	$ 0.4425

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Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Note 1.  Basis of presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Woodward, Inc. (“Woodward” or the “Company”) as of March 31, 2021 and for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, included herein, have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm.  These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly Woodward’s financial position as of March 31, 2021, and the statements of earnings, comprehensive earnings, cash flows, and changes in stockholders’ equity for the periods presented herein.  The results of operations for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for other interim periods or for the full fiscal year.  Dollar and share amounts contained in these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are in thousands, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted.

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting.  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.  Accordingly, these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in Woodward’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC and other financial information filed with the SEC.

Management is required to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, the reported revenues and expenses recognized during the reporting period, and certain financial statement disclosures, in the preparation of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.  Significant estimates in these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include allowances for credit losses; net realizable value of inventories; variable consideration including customer rebates earned and payable and early payment discounts; warranty reserves; useful lives of property and identifiable intangible assets; the evaluation of impairments of property, intangible assets, and goodwill; the provision for income tax and related valuation reserves; the valuation of derivative instruments; assumptions used in the determination of the funded status and annual expense of pension and postretirement employee benefit plans; the valuation of stock compensation instruments granted to employees, board members and any other eligible recipients; estimates of incremental borrowing rates used when estimating the present value of future lease payments; assumptions used when including renewal options or non-exercise of termination options in lease terms; estimates of total lifetime sales used in the recognition of revenue of deferred material rights and balance sheet classification of the related contract liability; estimates of total sales contract costs when recognizing revenue under the cost-to-cost method; and contingencies.  Actual results could vary from Woodward’s estimates.

COVID-19 Pandemic

When combined with the various measures enacted by governments and private organizations to contain COVID-19 or slow its spread, the pandemic has adversely impacted global activity and contributed to significant declines and volatility in financial markets; and the Company has likewise been significantly impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic could continue to have a material adverse impact on economic and market conditions and presents uncertainty and risk with respect to the Company and its performance and financial results, including estimates and assumptions used by management for the reported amount of assets and liabilities.

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New Accounting Standards

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

New Accounting Pronouncements And Changes In Accounting Principles [Abstract]

New Accounting Standards

Note 2.  New accounting standards

From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standards setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements.  Updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) are communicated through issuance of an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”).

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.”  The purpose of ASU 2020-04 is to provide optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for, or recognizing the effects of, reference rate reform on financial reporting.  In response to concerns about structural risks of interbank offered rates, and, in particular, the risk of cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), reference rate reform refers to a global initiative to identify alternative reference rates that are more observable or transaction-based and less susceptible to manipulation.  

ASU 2020-04 is effective for all entities reporting as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022.  An entity may elect to apply the amendments in ASU 2020-04 for contract modifications by topic or industry subtopic as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, or prospectively from a date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, up to the date that the financial statements are available to be issued.  Once elected for a topic or an industry subtopic, the amendments in ASU 2020-04 must be applied prospectively for all eligible contract modifications for that topic or industry subtopic.  Woodward is currently assessing the accounting and financial impact of reference rate reform, particularly the impact it may have on its hedging relationships, and will consider applying the optional guidance of ASU 2020-04 accordingly.  

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.”  ASU 2019-12 amends ASC 740 to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations, and adding guidance to reduce complexity in the accounting standard under the FASB’s simplification initiative.  ASU 2019-12 is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 (fiscal year 2022 for Woodward).  Upon adoption, the amendments in ASU 2019-12 should be applied on a retrospective, modified retrospective, or prospective basis to all periods presented (as applicable), and early adoption is permitted.  Woodward elected to early adopt the new guidance effective January 1, 2021, which did not have a material effect on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.  

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Revenue

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Note 3.  Revenue

The amount of revenue recognized as point in time or over time follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31, 2021						Three-Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Aerospace		Industrial		Consolidated		Aerospace		Industrial		Consolidated
Point in time	$	114,563	$	131,242	$	245,805	$	178,325	$	157,052	$	335,377
Over time		250,143		85,373		335,516		295,911		88,932		384,843
Total net sales	$	364,706	$	216,615	$	581,321	$	474,236	$	245,984	$	720,220

	Six-Months Ended March 31, 2021						Six-Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Aerospace		Industrial		Consolidated		Aerospace		Industrial		Consolidated
Point in time	$	221,530	$	285,437	$	506,967	$	365,840	$	324,994	$	690,834
Over time		464,843		147,130		611,973		582,321		167,420		749,741
Total net sales	$	686,373	$	432,567	$	1,118,940	$	948,161	$	492,414	$	1,440,575

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2021			September 30, 2020
Billed receivables
Trade accounts receivable	$	304,682		$	307,914
Other (Chinese financial institutions)		73,298			56,640
Total billed receivables		377,980			364,554
Current unbilled receivables (contract assets)		217,606			181,792
Total accounts receivable		595,586			546,346
Less: Allowance for uncollectible amounts		(7,522	)		(8,359	)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	588,064		$	537,987

As of March 31, 2021, “Other assets” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets includes $12,925 of unbilled receivables not expected to be invoiced and collected within a period of twelve months, compared to $16,751 as of September 30, 2020.  Unbilled receivables not expected to be invoiced and collected within a period of twelve months are primarily attributable to customer delays for deliveries on firm orders in the Aerospace segment due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Accounts receivable in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements represent the net amount expected to be collected, and an allowance for uncollectible amounts related to credit losses is established based on expected losses in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 326, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses”.  Expected losses are estimated by reviewing specific customer accounts, taking into consideration aging, credit risk of the customers, and historical payment history, as well as current and forecasted economic conditions, and other relevant factors.

The allowance for uncollectible amounts and change in expected credit losses for trade accounts receivable and unbilled receivables (contract assets) consisted of the following:

	Three-Months Ended			Six-Months Ended
	March 31, 2021			March 31, 2021
Balance, beginning	$	7,499		$	8,359
Additions charged to costs and expenses, or sales allowance		1,040			1,128
Deductions		(837	)		(2,008	)
Other (deductions) additions1		(180	)		43
Balance, ending	$	7,522		$	7,522

(1) Includes effects of foreign exchange rate changes during the period.

Contract liabilities  

Contract liabilities consisted of the following:  

	March 31, 2021				September 30, 2020
	Current		Noncurrent		Current		Noncurrent
Deferred revenue from material rights from GE joint venture formation	$	4,419	$	236,610	$	4,066	$	234,240
Deferred revenue from advanced invoicing and/or prepayments from customers		3,922		716		3,239		85
Liability related to customer supplied inventory		15,790		—		14,955		—
Deferred revenue from material rights related to engineering and development funding		4,629		139,480		2,360		132,317
Net contract liabilities	$	28,760	$	376,806	$	24,620	$	366,642

Woodward recognized revenue of $7,146 in the three-months and $13,674 in the six-months ended March 31, 2021 from contract liabilities balances recorded as of October 1, 2020, compared to $15,962 in the three-months and $19,932 in the six-months ended March 31, 2020 from contract liabilities balances recorded as of October 1, 2019.

Remaining performance obligations

Remaining performance obligations related to the aggregate amount of the total contract transaction price of firm orders for which the performance obligation has not yet been recognized in revenue as of March 31, 2021 was $1,395,436, compared to $1,454,406 as of September 30, 2020, the majority of which relate to Woodward’s Aerospace segment in both periods.  Woodward expects to recognize almost all of these remaining performance obligations within two years after March 31, 2021.  

Remaining performance obligations related to material rights that have not yet been recognized in revenue as of March 31, 2021 was $469,143, compared to $465,668 as of September 30, 2020, of which $7,348 is expected to be recognized in the remainder of fiscal year 2021, $11,027 is expected to be recognized in fiscal year 2022, and the balance is expected to be recognized thereafter.  Woodward expects to recognize revenue from performance obligations related to material rights over the life of the underlying programs, which may be as long as forty years.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Woodward designs, produces and services reliable, efficient, low-emission, and high-performance energy control products for diverse applications in markets throughout the world.  Woodward reports financial results for each of its Aerospace and Industrial reportable segments.  Woodward further disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by primary market as Woodward believes this best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Revenue by primary market for the Aerospace reportable segment was as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Commercial OEM	$	101,907	$	144,610	$	177,988	$	303,276
Commercial aftermarket		77,579		134,042		143,094		259,970
Defense OEM		135,630		139,901		266,893		280,827
Defense aftermarket		49,590		55,683		98,398		104,088
Total Aerospace segment net sales	$	364,706	$	474,236	$	686,373	$	948,161

Revenue by primary market for the Industrial reportable segment was as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Reciprocating engines	$	163,034	$	163,555	$	327,956	$	338,208
Industrial turbines		53,581		59,678		104,611		111,177
Renewables1		—		22,751		—		43,029
Total Industrial segment net sales	$	216,615	$	245,984	$	432,567	$	492,414

(1) Sales in the renewables market were discontinued as of May 1, 2020 following the closing of the divestiture of the renewable power systems business and other related businesses (as described more fully in Note 10, Sale of businesses, and defined therein as the “disposal group”).

The customers who each account for approximately 10% or more of net sales of each of Woodward’s reportable segments for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 are as follows:

	Customer
Aerospace	The Boeing Company, General Electric Company, Raytheon Technologies
Industrial	Rolls-Royce PLC, Weichai Westport, General Electric Company

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Earnings Per Share

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Note 4.  Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period.

Diluted earnings per share reflects the weighted-average number of shares outstanding after consideration of the dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock.

The following is a reconciliation of net earnings to basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Numerator:
Net earnings	$	68,313	$	91,318	$	109,883	$	144,691
Denominator:
Basic shares outstanding		63,278		62,266		63,043		62,128
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock		2,376		2,298		2,231		2,494
Diluted shares outstanding		65,654		64,564		65,274		64,622
Income per common share:
Basic earnings per share	$	1.08	$	1.47	$	1.74	$	2.33
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.04	$	1.41	$	1.68	$	2.24

The following stock option grants were outstanding but were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Options		41		686		602		686
Weighted-average option price	$	117.39	$	104.51	$	104.85	$	104.47

The weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share included the weighted-average treasury stock shares held for deferred compensation obligations of the following:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Weighted-average treasury stock shares held for deferred compensation obligations		196		216		197		214

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Leases

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Lease

Note 5.  Leases

Lessee arrangements

Woodward has entered into operating leases for certain facilities and equipment with terms in excess of one year under agreements that expire at various dates.  Some leases require the payment of property taxes, insurance, maintenance costs, or other similar costs in addition to rental payments.  Woodward has also entered into finance leases for equipment with terms in excess of one year under agreements that expire at various dates.  

Lease-related assets and liabilities follows:

	Classification on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Assets:
Operating lease assets	Other assets	$	21,935	$	18,918
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net		970		1,201
Total lease assets			22,905		20,119
Current liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities	Accrued liabilities		5,280		4,925
Finance lease liabilities	Current portion of long-term debt		1,398		1,634
Noncurrent liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities	Other liabilities		17,178		14,569
Finance lease liabilities	Long-term debt, less current portion		620		1,173
Total lease liabilities		$	24,476	$	22,301

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2020, Woodward determined that the approved plan to divest of the renewable power systems business and other related businesses (as described more fully in Note 10, Sale of businesses, and defined therein as the “disposal group”) represented a triggering event requiring that the long-lived assets attributable to the disposal group be assessed for impairment.  Given the facts and circumstances at that time, Woodward determined that the remaining value of the right-of-use (“ROU”) assets of the disposal group were not recoverable and a $639 non-cash impairment charge was recorded during fiscal year 2020.  

Lease-related expenses were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,						Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Operating lease expense	$	1,615		$	1,532		$	3,168		$	3,051
Amortization of finance lease assets		94			101			220			248
Interest on finance lease liabilities		17			20			35			40
Variable lease expense		496			288			818			595
Short-term lease expense		76			162			158			337
Sublease income1		(214	)		(200	)		(382	)		(325	)
Total lease expense	$	2,084		$	1,903		$	4,017		$	3,946

(1) Relates to two separate subleases Woodward has entered into for a leased manufacturing building in Niles, Illinois.

Lease-related supplemental cash flow information was as follows:

	Six-Months Ended March 31, 2021		Six-Months Ended March 31, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	2,671	$	2,701
Operating cash flows for finance leases		35		40
Financing cash flows for finance leases		835		787
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for recorded lease obligations:
Operating leases		5,070		5,345
Finance leases		12		1,244

Lessor arrangements

Woodward has assessed its manufacturing contracts and concluded that certain of the contracts for the manufacture of customer products met the criteria to be considered a leasing arrangement (“embedded leases”) with Woodward as the lessor.  The specific manufacturing contracts that met the criteria were those that utilized Woodward property, plant and equipment and which is substantially (more than 90%) dedicated to the manufacturing of the product(s) for a single customer.  Woodward has dedicated manufacturing lines with three of its customers representing embedded leases, all of which qualified as operating leases with undefined quantities of future customer purchase commitments.  Although Woodward expects to allocate some portion of future net sales to these customers to embedded lessor arrangements, it cannot provide expected future undiscounted lease payments from property, plant and equipment leased to customers as of March 31, 2021.  If, in the future, customers reduce purchases of related products from Woodward, the Company believes it will derive additional value from the underlying equipment by repurposing its use to support other customer arrangements.  

Revenue from contracts with customers that included embedded operating leases, which is included in “Net sales” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings, was $1,511 for the three-months and $3,309 for the six-months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $1,561 for the three-months and $3,125 for the six-months ended March 31, 2020.

The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment leased to others through embedded leasing arrangements, included in “Property, plant and equipment, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, follows:

	March 31, 2021			September 30, 2020
Property, plant and equipment leased to others through embedded leasing arrangements	$	76,995		$	76,655
Less accumulated depreciation		(32,716	)		(29,819	)
Property, plant and equipment leased to others through embedded leasing arrangements, net	$	44,279		$	46,836

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Joint Venture

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Equity Method Investments And Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Joint Venture

Note 6.  Joint venture

In fiscal year 2016, Woodward and General Electric Company (“GE”), acting through its GE Aviation business unit, consummated the formation of a strategic joint venture between Woodward and GE (the “JV”) to develop, manufacture and support fuel systems for specified existing and all future GE commercial aircraft engines that produce thrust in excess of fifty thousand pounds.

Unamortized deferred revenue from material rights in connection with the JV formation included:

	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Accrued liabilities	$	4,419	$	4,066
Other liabilities		236,610		234,240

Amortization of the deferred revenue (material right) recognized as an increase to sales was $989 for the three-months and $2,171 for the six-months ended March 31, 2021, and $1,821 for the three-months and $3,529 for the six-months ended March 31, 2020.  

As part of the JV formation, GE pays contingent consideration to Woodward consisting of fifteen annual payments of $4,894 per year, which began in the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, subject to certain claw-back conditions.  Woodward received its annual payments of $4,894 during the three-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, which were recorded as deferred income and included in “Net cash provided by operating activities” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Other income related to Woodward’s equity interest in the earnings of the JV was as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Other income	$	3,779	$	4,681	$	6,165	$	7,893

Cash distributions to Woodward from the JV, recognized in “Net cash provided by operating activities” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Cash distributions	$	3,500	$	-	$	7,000	$	3,000

Net sales to the JV were as follows:  

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net sales1	$	8,325	$	16,606	$	18,384	$	31,484

(1) Net sales included a reduction of $6,635 for the three-months and $11,055 for the six-months ended March 31, 2021 related to royalties owed to the JV by Woodward on sales by Woodward directly to third party aftermarket customers, compared to a reduction to sales of $9,779 for the three-months and $17,013 for the six-months ended March 31, 2020.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets include “Accounts receivable” related to amounts the JV owed Woodward, “Accounts payable” related to amounts Woodward owed the JV, and “Other assets” related to Woodward’s net investment in the JV, as follows:

	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Accounts receivable	$	3,526	$	3,062
Accounts payable		4,534		1,502
Other assets		8,288		9,123

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Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Note 7.  Financial instruments and fair value measurements

The table below presents information about Woodward’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques Woodward utilized to determine such fair value as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  

	At March 31, 2021								At September 30, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Investments in term deposits with foreign banks	$	3,051	$	—	$	—	$	3,051	$	40,453	$	—	$	—	$	40,453
Equity securities		28,836		—		—		28,836		25,381		—		—		25,381
Total financial assets	$	31,887	$	—	$	—	$	31,887	$	65,834	$	—	$	—	$	65,834
Financial liabilities:
Cross-currency interest rate swaps	$	—	$	71,421	$	—	$	71,421	$	—	$	51,387	$	—	$	51,387
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	71,421	$	—	$	71,421	$	—	$	51,387	$	—	$	51,387

Investments in term deposits with foreign banks: Woodward’s foreign subsidiaries sometimes invest excess cash in various highly liquid financial instruments that Woodward believes are with creditworthy financial institutions.  Such investments are reported in “Cash and cash equivalents” at fair value, with realized gains from interest income recognized in earnings.  The carrying value of Woodward’s investments in term deposits with foreign banks are considered equal to the fair value given the highly liquid nature of the investments.  

Equity securities: Woodward holds marketable equity securities, through investments in various mutual funds, related to its deferred compensation program.  Based on Woodward’s intentions regarding these instruments, marketable equity securities are classified as trading securities.  The trading securities are reported at fair value, with realized gains and losses recognized in “Other (income) expense, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  The trading securities are included in “Other assets” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The fair values of Woodward’s trading securities are based on the quoted market prices for the net asset value of the various mutual funds.

Cross-currency interest rate swaps:  Woodward holds cross-currency interest rate swaps, which are accounted for at fair value.  In the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, the swaps in an asset position are included in “Other assets,” and swaps in a liability position are included in “Other liabilities”.  The fair values of Woodward’s cross-currency interest rate swaps are determined using a market approach that is based on observable inputs other than quoted market prices, including contract terms, interest rates, currency rates, and other market factors.  

Cash, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term borrowings are not remeasured to fair value, as the carrying cost of each approximates its respective fair value.  The estimated fair values and carrying costs of other financial instruments that are not required to be remeasured at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:

		At March 31, 2021				At September 30, 2020
	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Cost
Assets:
Notes receivable from municipalities	2	$	13,323	$	11,039	$	13,413	$	11,846
Note receivable from sale of disposal group	2		6,172		6,150		6,341		6,061
Investments in short-term time deposits	2		70		69		13,678		13,671
Liabilities:
Long-term debt	2	$	801,655	$	739,489	$	935,610	$	840,654

In connection with certain economic incentives related to Woodward’s development of a second campus in the greater-Rockford, Illinois area for its Aerospace segment and Woodward’s development of a new campus at its corporate headquarters in Fort Collins, Colorado, Woodward received long-term notes from municipalities within the states of Illinois and Colorado.  The fair value of the long-term notes was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments received at an interest rate available to Woodward at the end of the period for similarly rated municipal notes of similar maturity, which is a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  The interest rates used to estimate the fair value of the long-term notes were 1.3% at March 31, 2021 and 1.2% at September 30, 2020.

In connection with the sale of the renewable power systems business and other related businesses (as described more fully in Note 10, Sale of businesses, and defined therein as the “disposal group”), Woodward received a long-term promissory note from the buyer for deferral of a portion of the purchase price.  The fair value of the long-term note was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments received at an interest rate available to Woodward at the end of the period for similarly rated promissory notes of similar maturity, which is a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  The interest rate used to estimate the fair value of the long-term note was 2.0% at March 31, 2021 and 2.3% at September 30, 2020.

From time to time, certain of Woodward’s foreign subsidiaries will invest excess cash in short-term time deposits with a fixed maturity date of longer than three months but less than one year from the date of the deposit.  Woodward believes that the investments are with creditworthy financial institutions. The fair value of the investments in short-term time deposits was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments to be received at an interest rate available to the foreign subsidiary entering into the investment for similar short-term time deposits of similar maturity.  This was determined to be a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  The interest rates used to estimate the fair value of the short-term time deposits was 4.4% at both March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020.  

The fair value of long-term debt was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments at interest rates available to the Woodward at the end of the period for similar debt of the same maturity, which is a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  The weighted-average interest rate used to estimate the fair value of long-term debt was 1.7% at March 31, 2021 and 1.5% at September 30, 2020.

Woodward does not have expected credit losses related to any financial assets that are not required to be remeasured at fair value.

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Derivative Instruments And Hedges [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Note 8.  Derivative instruments and hedging activities

Derivative instruments not designated or qualifying as hedging instruments

In May 2018, Woodward entered into cross-currency interest rate swap agreements that synthetically converted $167,420 of floating-rate debt under Woodward’s then existing revolving credit agreement to Euro denominated floating-rate debt in conjunction with the L’Orange acquisition (the “Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap”). Also in May 2018, Woodward entered into cross-currency interest rate swap agreements that synthetically converted an aggregate principal amount of $400,000 of fixed-rate debt associated with the 2018 Note Purchase Agreement (as defined in Note 15, Credit Facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt, in Woodward’s most recently filed Form 10-K) to Euro denominated fixed-rate debt (the “Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps”).

The cross-currency interest rate swaps, which effectively reduce the interest rate on the underlying fixed and floating-rate debt under the 2018 Notes (as defined in Note 15, Credit Facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt, in Woodward’s most recently filed Form 10-K) and Woodward’s then existing revolving credit agreement, respectively, is recorded as a reduction to “Interest expense” in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

In May 2020, Woodward terminated and settled its Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap and Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps and entered into a new floating-rate cross-currency interest rate swap (the “2020 Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap”), with a notional value of $45,000, and five fixed-rate cross-currency interest rate swap agreements (the “2020 Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps”), with an aggregate notional value of $400,000, which effectively reduced the interest rates on the underlying fixed and floating-rate debt, respectively under the 2018 Notes and Woodward’s existing revolving credit agreement, respectively.  The net interest income of the cross-currency interest rate swaps is recorded as a reduction to “Interest expense” in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  As of March 31, 2021, the total notional value of the 2020 Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap and the 2020 Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps was $33,750 and $400,000, respectively.  See Note 7, Financial Instruments and fair value measurements, for the related fair value of the derivative instruments as of March 31, 2021.

Derivatives instruments in fair value hedging relationships

Concurrent with the entry into the Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap, a corresponding Euro denominated intercompany loan receivable with identical terms and notional amount as the underlying Euro denominated floating-rate debt, with a reciprocal cross-currency interest rate swap, was entered into by Woodward Barbados Financing SRL (“Barbados”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Woodward, and is designated as a fair value hedge under the criteria prescribed in ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”).  The objective of the derivative instrument is to hedge against the foreign currency exchange risk attributable to the spot remeasurement of the Euro denominated intercompany loan.  

In May 2020, Woodward settled the Euro denominated intercompany loan receivable with identical terms and notional value to the Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap and settled its reciprocal intercompany cross-currency interest rate swap.  The fair value hedge designated on these instruments was discontinued at the date of settlement.  Concurrently with settlement of the Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap and discontinuation of the previous fair value hedging relationship, a US dollar denominated intercompany loan payable with identical terms and notional value as the 2020 Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap, together with a reciprocal intercompany floating-rate cross-currency interest rate swap, was entered into by Woodward Barbados Euro Financing SRL (“Euro Barbados”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Woodward.  The US dollar denominated intercompany loan and reciprocal intercompany floating-rate cross-currency interest rate swap is designated as a fair value hedge under the criteria prescribed in ASC 815.  The objective of the derivative instrument is to hedge against the foreign currency exchange risk attributable to the spot remeasurement of the US dollar denominated intercompany loan, as Euro Barbados maintains a Euro functional currency.  

For each floating-rate intercompany cross-currency interest rate swap, only the change in the fair value related to the cross-currency basis spread, or excluded component, of the derivative instrument is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”).  The remaining change in the fair value of the derivative instrument is recognized in foreign currency transaction gain or loss included in “Selling, general and administrative costs” in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  The change in the fair value of the derivative instrument in foreign currency transaction gain or loss offsets the change in the spot remeasurement of the intercompany Euro and US dollar denominated loans.  Hedge effectiveness is assessed based on the fair value changes of the derivative instrument, after excluding any fair value changes related to the cross-currency basis spread.  The initial cost of the cross-currency basis spread is recorded in earnings each period through the swap accrual process.  There are no credit-risk-related contingent features associated with the intercompany floating-rate cross-currency interest rate swap.

Derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships

In conjunction with the entry into the Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps, five corresponding intercompany loans receivable, with identical terms and amounts of each tranche of the underlying aggregate principal amount of $400,000 of fixed-rate debt, and reciprocal cross-currency interest rate swaps were entered into by Barbados, which are designated as cash flow hedges under the criteria prescribed in ASC 815.  The objective of these derivative instruments is to hedge the risk of variability in cash flows attributable to the foreign currency exchange risk of cash flows for future principal and interest payments associated with the Euro denominated intercompany loans over a fifteen-year period.  

In May 2020, Woodward settled the Euro denominated intercompany loans receivable with identical terms and notional value to the Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps and reciprocal cross-currency interest rate swaps.  The cash flow hedges designated on these instruments were discontinued at the date of settlement.  Concurrently with settlement of the Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps and the discontinuation of the previous cash flow hedging relationships, five corresponding US dollar intercompany loans payable, with identical terms and notional values of each tranche of the 2020 Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps, together with reciprocal fixed-rate intercompany cross-currency interest rate swaps, were entered into by Euro Barbados, which are designated as cash flow hedges under the criteria prescribed in ASC 815.  The objective of these derivative instruments is to hedge the risk of variability in cash flows attributable to the foreign currency exchange risk of cash flows for future principal and interest payments associated with the US dollar denominated intercompany loans over a thirteen-year period, as Euro Barbados maintains a Euro functional currency.  

For each of the fixed-rate intercompany cross-currency interest rate swaps, changes in the fair values of the derivative instruments are recognized in accumulated OCI and reclassified to foreign currency transaction gain or loss included in “Selling, general and administrative costs” in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  Reclassifications out of accumulated OCI of the change in fair value occur each reporting period based upon changes in the spot rate remeasurement of the Euro and US dollar denominated intercompany loans, including associated interest.  Hedge effectiveness is assessed based on the fair value changes of the derivative instruments and such hedges are deemed to be highly effective in offsetting exposure to variability in foreign exchange rates.  There are no credit-risk-related contingent features associated with these fixed-rate cross-currency interest rate swaps.

Derivatives instruments in net investment hedging relationships

On September 23, 2016, Woodward and Woodward International Holding B.V., a wholly owned subsidiary of Woodward organized under the laws of The Netherlands (the “BV Subsidiary”), each entered into a note purchase agreement (the “2016 Note Purchase Agreement”) relating to the sale by Woodward and the BV Subsidiary of an aggregate principal amount of €160,000 of senior unsecured notes in a series of private placement transactions.  Woodward issued €40,000 aggregate principal amount of Woodward’s Series M Senior Notes due September 23, 2026 (the “Series M Notes”).  Woodward designated the Series M Notes as a hedge of a foreign currency exposure of Woodward’s net investment in its Euro denominated functional currency subsidiaries.  Related to the Series M Notes, included in foreign currency translation adjustments within total comprehensive (losses) earnings are net foreign exchange gains of $2,329 for the three-months and $102 for the six-months ended March 31, 2021, compared to net foreign exchange gains of $650 for the three-months and net foreign exchange losses of $395 for the six-months ended March 31, 2020.  

Impact of derivative instruments designated as qualifying hedging instruments

The following table discloses the impact of derivative instruments designated as qualifying hedging instruments on Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings:

		Three-Months Ended
		March 31, 2021
Derivatives in:	Location	Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreement designated as fair value hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	(1,660	)	$	(1,401	)	$	(1,660	)
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses		(19,023	)		(7,491	)		(19,023	)
		$	(20,683	)	$	(8,892	)	$	(20,683	)

		Three-Months Ended
		March 31, 2020
Derivatives in:	Location	Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreement designated as fair value hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	(2,043	)	$	(1,523	)	$	(1,646	)
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses		(5,598	)		(43,775	)		(5,598	)
Treasury lock agreement designated as cash flow hedge	Interest expense		(18	)		—			(18	)
		$	(7,659	)	$	(45,298	)	$	(7,262	)

		Six-Months Ended
		March 31, 2021
Derivatives in:	Location	Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative		Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative		Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreement designated as fair value hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	190	$	262	$	190
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses		87		21,504		87
		$	277	$	21,766	$	277

		Six-Months Ended
		March 31, 2020
Derivatives in:	Location	Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreement designated as fair value hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	233		$	2,075		$	1,037
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses		3,393			(36,079	)		3,393
Treasury lock agreement designated as cash flow hedge	Interest expense		(36	)		—			(36	)
		$	3,590		$	(34,004	)	$	4,394

The remaining unrecognized gains and losses in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets associated with derivative instruments that were previously entered into by Woodward, which are classified in accumulated OCI, were net losses of $42,620 as of March 31, 2021 and $21,132 as of September 30, 2020.

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Supplemental Statement of Cash Flows Information

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Supplemental Statement of Cash Flows Information

Note 9.  Supplemental statement of cash flows information

	Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized	$	14,238	$	14,146
Income taxes paid		20,843		65,283
Income tax refunds received		12,143		11,012
Non-cash activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment on account		2,040		2,325
Impact of the adoption of ASC 842		—		255
Common shares issued from treasury to settle benefit obligations		14,900		14,748

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Sale of businesses

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Discontinued Operations And Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Sale of businesses

Note 10. Sale of businesses

In fiscal year 2020, Woodward’s board of directors (“the Board”) approved a plan to divest Woodward’s renewable power systems business, protective relays business, and other businesses within the Company’s Industrial segment (collectively, the “disposal group”).  

Woodward determined that the approved plan to divest the disposal group represented a triggering event requiring (i) the net assets of the disposal group to be classified as held for sale and (ii) the long-lived assets attributable to the disposal group be assessed for impairment.  Given the facts and circumstances at that time, Woodward determined that the value of the long-lived assets of the disposal group, including goodwill, intangible assets, ROU assets and property, plant, and equipment, were not recoverable and a $22,900 non-cash impairment charge was recorded during fiscal year 2020.  The non-cash impairment charge removed all the goodwill, intangible assets, ROU assets and property, plant, and equipment associated with the disposal group from the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020.

Further, on the approval of the divestiture plan and subsequent marketing of the disposal group, Woodward determined that based on the current market conditions, the carrying value of the disposal group’s remaining held for sale net assets exceeded the fair value.  As a result, Woodward recorded a valuation allowance to reduce the carrying value of the net assets of the disposal group to their fair value. The non-cash impairment charge associated with the long-lived assets, and related valuation allowance for the other remaining net assets attributable to the disposal group, resulted in a total impairment charge of $37,902.  

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Inventories

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Inventory Net [Abstract]

Inventories

Note 11.  Inventories

	March 31,			September 30,
	2021			2020
Raw materials	$	122,056		$	123,626
Work in progress		92,124			92,934
Component parts(1)		254,042			255,980
Finished goods		70,321			66,889
Customer supplied inventory		15,790			14,955
On-hand inventory for which control has transferred to the customer		(132,012	)		(116,441	)
	$	422,321		$	437,943

(1) Component parts include items that can be sold separately as finished goods or included in the manufacture of other products.

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Property, Plant, and Equipment

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Property Plant And Equipment Net [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Note 12.  Property, plant, and equipment

	March 31,			September 30,
	2021			2020
Land and land improvements	$	86,131		$	83,095
Buildings and building improvements		551,726			551,540
Leasehold improvements		19,164			18,610
Machinery and production equipment		788,147			776,884
Computer equipment and software		123,001			123,903
Office furniture and equipment		41,249			41,177
Other		19,838			19,814
Construction in progress		27,772			36,367
		1,657,028			1,651,390
Less accumulated depreciation		(691,823	)		(653,975	)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	965,205		$	997,415

During the three-months ended December 31, 2019, the Company closed on the sale of one of two parcels of real property at Woodward’s former Duarte operations and recorded a pre-tax gain on sale of assets of $13,522.

During the three-months ended December 31, 2019, Woodward determined that the approved plan to divest of the disposal group represented a triggering event requiring the long-lived assets attributable to the disposal group be assessed for impairment.  Given the facts and circumstances at that time, Woodward determined that the remaining value of the plant, property and equipment of the disposal group was not recoverable and a $13,421 non-cash impairment charge was recorded during fiscal year 2020.  

For the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, Woodward had depreciation expense as follows:

	Three-Months Ended				Six-Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Depreciation expense	$	21,919	$	23,177	$	44,527	$	45,723

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Goodwill

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill

Note 13.  Goodwill

	September 30, 2020		Effects of Foreign Currency Translation			March 31, 2021
Aerospace	$	455,423	$	—		$	455,423
Industrial		352,829		(278	)		352,551
Consolidated	$	808,252	$	(278	)	$	807,974

Woodward tests goodwill for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, and at any time there is an indication goodwill is more-likely-than-not impaired, commonly referred to as triggering events.  Woodward’s fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 impairment test resulted in no impairment.  

During the three-months ended December 31, 2019, Woodward determined that the approved plan to divest of the disposal group represented a triggering event requiring the long-lived assets attributable to the disposal group be assessed for impairment.  Given the facts and circumstances at the time, Woodward determined that the remaining value of the goodwill of the disposal group was not recoverable, and an $8,640 non-cash impairment charge was recorded during fiscal year 2020.  

During the six-months ended March 31, 2021, Woodward determined the economic uncertainty and global disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted sales of all business units. Management concluded the overall economic disruption triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic generated a series of factors to consider relative to possible triggering events. However, management further concluded these factors do not individually or collectively represent triggering events that would indicate it was more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying amount as of March 31, 2021. Woodward will continue to monitor the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on earnings that may impact the carrying value of goodwill and long-lived assets in future periods.

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Intangible Assets, Net

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Intangible Assets Net Excluding Goodwill [Abstract]

Intangible Assets, Net

Note 14.  Intangible assets, net

	March 31, 2021							September 30, 2020
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Intangible assets with finite lives:
Customer relationships and contracts:
Aerospace	$	281,683	$	(203,451	)	$	78,232	$	281,683	$	(196,520	)	$	85,163
Industrial		408,252		(46,887	)		361,365		429,249		(57,045	)		372,204
Total	$	689,935	$	(250,338	)	$	439,597	$	710,932	$	(253,565	)	$	457,367
Intellectual property:
Aerospace	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
Industrial		15,821		(15,775	)		46		15,778		(15,640	)		138
Total	$	15,821	$	(15,775	)	$	46	$	15,778	$	(15,640	)	$	138
Process technology:
Aerospace	$	76,370	$	(65,565	)	$	10,805	$	76,371	$	(63,956	)	$	12,415
Industrial		90,796		(24,266	)		66,530		90,945		(22,300	)		68,645
Total	$	167,166	$	(89,831	)	$	77,335	$	167,316	$	(86,256	)	$	81,060
Other intangibles:
Aerospace	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
Industrial		233		(221	)		12		235		(183	)		52
Total	$	233	$	(221	)	$	12	$	235	$	(183	)	$	52
Intangible asset with indefinite life:
Tradename:
Aerospace	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
Industrial		67,958		—			67,958		68,094		—			68,094
Total	$	67,958	$	—		$	67,958	$	68,094	$	—		$	68,094
Total intangibles:
Aerospace	$	358,053	$	(269,016	)	$	89,037	$	358,054	$	(260,476	)	$	97,578
Industrial		583,060		(87,149	)		495,911		647,738		(138,605	)		509,133
Consolidated Total	$	941,113	$	(356,165	)	$	584,948	$	1,005,792	$	(399,081	)	$	606,711

Woodward tests the indefinite lived tradename intangible asset for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or at any time there is an indication the indefinite lived tradename intangible asset is more-likely-than-not impaired commonly referred to as triggering events.  Woodward’s fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 impairment test resulted in no impairment.  

During the three-months ended December 31, 2019, Woodward determined that the approved plan to divest of the disposal group represented a triggering event requiring the long-lived assets attributable to the disposal group be assessed for impairment.  Given the facts and circumstances at that time, Woodward determined that the remaining value of the intangible assets of the disposal group was not recoverable, and a $200 non-cash impairment charge was recorded during fiscal year 2020.

For the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, Woodward recorded amortization expense associated with intangibles of the following:

	Three-Months Ended				Six-Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Amortization expense	$	10,560	$	9,848	$	21,029	$	19,753

Future amortization expense associated with intangibles is expected to be:

Year Ending September 30:
2021 (remaining)	$	20,668
2022		39,954
2023		38,903
2024		35,151
2025		29,937
Thereafter		352,377
	$	516,990

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Credit Facilities, Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Credit Facilities, Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt

Note 15.  Credit facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt

Revolving credit facility

Woodward maintains a $1,000,000 revolving credit facility established under a revolving credit agreement among Woodward, a syndicate of lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent (the “Revolving Credit Agreement”).  The Revolving Credit Agreement provides for the option to increase available borrowings up to $1,500,000, subject to lenders’ participation.  Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement can be made by Woodward and certain of its foreign subsidiaries in U.S. dollars or in foreign currencies other than the U.S. dollar and generally bear interest at LIBOR plus 0.875% to 1.75%.  The Revolving Credit Agreement matures on June 19, 2024.  Under the Revolving Credit Agreement, there were no borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020.

Short-term borrowings

Woodward has other foreign lines of credit and foreign overdraft facilities at various financial institutions, which are generally reviewed annually for renewal and are subject to the usual terms and conditions applied by the financial institutions.  Pursuant to the terms of the related facility agreements, Woodward’s foreign performance guarantee facilities are limited in use to providing performance guarantees to third parties.  There were no borrowings outstanding on Woodward’s foreign lines of credit and foreign overdraft facilities as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020.  

Long-term debt

On November 15, 2020, Woodward paid the entire principal balance of $100,000 on its Series G and J Notes using cash on hand and proceeds from borrowings under its existing revolving credit facility.

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Accrued Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Accrued Liabilities Current [Abstract]

Accrued Liabilities

Note 16.  Accrued liabilities

	March 31,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Salaries and other member benefits	$	43,803	$	50,850
Warranties		18,576		18,972
Interest payable		14,547		15,281
Accrued retirement benefits		3,013		3,051
Restructuring charges		403		3,395
Taxes, other than income		25,027		13,925
Net current contract liabilities		28,760		24,620
Other		30,221		21,700
	$	164,350	$	151,794

Warranties

Provisions of Woodward’s sales agreements include product warranties customary to these types of agreements.  Accruals are established for specifically identified warranty issues that are probable to result in future costs.  Warranty costs are accrued as revenue is recognized on a non-specific basis whenever past experience indicates a normal and predictable pattern exists.  

Changes in accrued product warranties were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,						Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Warranties, beginning of period	$	21,079		$	18,927		$	18,972		$	27,309
Expense, net of recoveries		(377	)		8,115			1,012			3,782
Reductions for settlement of previous warranty liabilities		(1,843	)		(5,177	)		(1,451	)		(9,454	)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		(283	)		(95	)		43			133
Warranties, end of period	$	18,576		$	21,770		$	18,576		$	21,770

Restructuring charges

During the third quarter of fiscal year 2020, the Company committed to a plan of termination (the “Termination Plan”) in response to the ongoing global economic challenges resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the Company’s business. The Termination Plan involved the termination and/or furlough of employees and contractors at certain of the Company’s operating facilities, primarily in the United States. As a result of the Termination Plan, the Company incurred $23,673 of restructuring charges related to employee severance and benefits costs as of September 30, 2020.  All of the restructuring charges recorded during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 were recorded as nonsegment expenses.

The summary of activity in accrued restructuring charges during the six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

			Period Activity
	Balances as of September 30, 2020		Charges		Payments			Foreign currency exchange rate changes		Non-cash activity			Balances as of March 31, 2021
Workforce management costs associated with:
COVID-19 pandemic	$	3,395	$	—	$	(2,287	)	$	21	$	(726	)	$	403
Total	$	3,395	$	—	$	(2,287	)	$	21	$	(726	)	$	403

			Period Activity
	Balances as of September 30, 2019		Charges		Payments			Foreign currency exchange rate changes		Non-cash activity			Balances as of March 31, 2020
Workforce management costs associated with:
Duarte plant relocation	$	440	$	—	$	(440	)	$	—	$	—		$	—
Industrial turbomachinery business realignment		67		—		(24	)		—		(43	)		—
Total	$	507	$	—	$	(464	)	$	—	$	(43	)	$	—

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Other Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Other Liabilities Noncurrent [Abstract]

Other Liabilities

Note 17.  Other liabilities

	March 31,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Net accrued retirement benefits, less amounts recognized within accrued liabilities	$	116,694	$	114,013
Total unrecognized tax benefits		13,758		10,230
Noncurrent income taxes payable		16,388		18,322
Deferred economic incentives (1)		8,594		9,105
Cross-currency swap derivative liability		71,421		51,387
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		17,178		14,569
Net noncurrent contract liabilities		376,806		366,642
Other		25,061		33,637
	$	645,900	$	617,905

(1) Woodward receives certain economic incentives from various state and local authorities related to capital expansion projects.  Such amounts are initially recorded as deferred credits and are being recognized as a reduction to pre-tax expense over the economic lives of the related capital expansion projects.

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Other (Income) Expense, Net

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Nonoperating Income Expense [Abstract]

Other (Income) Expense, Net

Note 18.  Other (income) expense, net  

	Three-Months Ended						Six-Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Equity interest in the earnings of the JV (Note 6)	$	(3,779	)	$	(4,681	)	$	(6,165	)	$	(7,893	)
Net gain on sales of assets and businesses(1)		(1,354	)		(10	)		(1,942	)		(13,557	)
Rent income		(393	)		(324	)		(743	)		(575	)
Net (gain) loss on investments in deferred compensation program		(2,274	)		3,021			(3,257	)		1,776
Other components of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit, excluding service cost and interest expense		(3,401	)		(2,926	)		(7,051	)		(5,973	)
Other		(130	)		(143	)		(296	)		(266	)
	$	(11,331	)	$	(5,063	)	$	(19,454	)	$	(26,488	)

(1) Included in net gain on sale of assets and businesses for the six-months ended March 31, 2020 was the pre-tax gain on sale of Duarte real property in the amount of $13,522 recognized in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020.

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 19.  Income taxes

The determination of the estimated annual effective tax rate is based upon a number of significant estimates and judgments.  In addition, as a global commercial enterprise, Woodward’s tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates or laws, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, changes in the estimate of the amount of undistributed foreign earnings that Woodward considers indefinitely reinvested, issuance of future guidance, interpretation, and rule-making, and other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty.  As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.

The following table sets forth the tax expense and the effective tax rate for Woodward’s earnings before income taxes:

	Three-Months Ended						Six-Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Earnings before income taxes	$	78,487		$	107,199		$	126,071		$	168,747
Income tax expense		10,174			15,881			16,188			24,056
Effective tax rate		13.0	%		14.8	%		12.8	%		14.3	%

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three-months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three-months ended March 31, 2020 is primarily attributable to a larger favorable increase in the net excess income tax benefit from stock-based compensation in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, partially offset by income tax credits in the second quarter of the prior year as a result of a reduction in projected earnings, which did not repeat in the current year quarter.  

This decrease was partially offset by increased taxes on combined foreign earnings when compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, a reduction of India’s tax on dividend distributions that occurred during the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 which did not repeat in the current quarter, and the change to the annual effective tax rate benefit related to state income tax credits compared to full-year projected earnings in first quarter and second quarter of the prior year, which did not repeat in the current quarter.

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the six-months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the six-months ended March 31, 2020 is primarily attributable to larger favorable increase in the net excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation and the impact of decreased projected full-year earnings for fiscal year 2021 relative to the expected tax benefits from the research credit and various state income tax credits. This decrease is partially offset by the tax benefit associated with the impairment of assets held for sale and India’s tax on dividend distributions in fiscal year 2020, which did not repeat in the current fiscal year, and increased taxes on combined foreign earnings when compared to the prior fiscal year.

Gross unrecognized tax benefits were $13,314 as of March 31, 2021, and $9,851 as of September 30, 2020.  At March 31, 2021, the amount of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact Woodward’s effective tax rate was $7,349.  At this time, Woodward believes it is reasonably possible that the liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by as much as $1,884 in the next twelve months due to the completion of review by tax authorities, lapses of statutes, and the settlement of tax positions.  Woodward’s tax expense includes accruals for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits and all other interest and penalties related to tax payments.

Woodward’s tax returns are subject to audits by U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax authorities, and these audits are at various stages of completion at any given time.  Reviews of tax matters by authorities and lapses of the applicable statutes of limitation may result in changes to tax expense.  Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination for U.S. Federal income taxes include fiscal years 2018 and thereafter.  Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination for significant U.S. state income tax jurisdictions include fiscal years 2016 and thereafter.  Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination in significant foreign jurisdictions include 2016 and thereafter.

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Retirement Benefits

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Retirement Benefits

Note 20.  Retirement benefits

Woodward provides various retirement benefits to eligible members of the Company, including contributions to various defined contribution plans, pension benefits associated with defined benefit plans, postretirement medical benefits and postretirement life insurance benefits.  Eligibility requirements and benefit levels vary depending on employee location.

Defined contribution plans

Most of the Company’s U.S. employees are eligible to participate in the U.S. defined contribution plan.  The U.S. defined contribution plan allows employees to defer part of their annual income for income tax purposes into their personal 401(k) accounts.  The Company makes matching contributions to eligible employee accounts, which are also deferred for employee personal income tax purposes.  Certain non-U.S. employees are also eligible to participate in similar non-U.S. plans.

Most of Woodward’s U.S. employees with at least two years of service receive an annual contribution of Woodward stock, equal to 5% of their eligible prior year wages, to their personal Woodward Retirement Savings Plan accounts.  Woodward fulfilled its annual Woodward stock contribution obligation using shares held in treasury stock by issuing a total of 128 shares of common stock for a value of $14,900 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, compared to a total of 124 shares of common stock for a value of $14,748 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

The amount of expense associated with defined contribution plans was as follows:

	Three-Months Ended				Six-Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Company costs	$	8,497	$	8,910	$	16,533	$	17,614

Defined benefit plans

Woodward has defined benefit plans that provide pension benefits for certain retired employees in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Germany.  Woodward also provides other postretirement benefits to its employees including postretirement medical benefits and life insurance benefits.  Postretirement medical benefits are provided to certain current and retired employees and their covered dependents and beneficiaries in the United States.  Life insurance benefits are provided to certain retirees in the United States under frozen plans, which are no longer available to current employees.  A September 30 measurement date is utilized to value plan assets and obligations for all of Woodward’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans.

U.S. GAAP requires that, for obligations outstanding as of September 30, 2020, the funded status reported in interim periods shall be the same asset or liability recognized in the previous year end statement of financial position adjusted for (a) subsequent accruals of net periodic benefit cost that exclude the amortization of amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income (for example, subsequent accruals of service cost, interest cost, and return on plan assets) and (b) contributions to a funded plan or benefit payments.

The components of the net periodic retirement pension costs recognized are as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,
	United States						Other Countries						Total
	2021			2020			2021			2020			2021			2020
Service cost	$	432		$	415		$	736		$	708		$	1,168		$	1,123
Interest cost		1,239			1,397			343			319			1,582			1,716
Expected return on plan assets		(3,536	)		(3,086	)		(625	)		(708	)		(4,161	)		(3,794	)
Amortization of:
Net actuarial loss		135			357			234			260			369			617
Prior service cost		243			234			6			6			249			240
Net periodic retirement pension (benefit) cost	$	(1,487	)	$	(683	)	$	694		$	585		$	(793	)	$	(98	)
Contributions paid	$	—		$	—		$	675		$	601		$	675		$	601
	Six-Months Ended March 31,
	United States						Other Countries						Total
	2021			2020			2021			2020			2021			2020
Service cost	$	864		$	830		$	1,465		$	1,418		$	2,329		$	2,248
Interest cost		2,478			2,795			676			640			3,154			3,435
Expected return on plan assets		(7,072	)		(6,173	)		(1,227	)		(1,540	)		(8,299	)		(7,713	)
Amortization of:
Net actuarial loss		270			715			462			521			732			1,236
Prior service cost		485			468			12			12			497			480
Net periodic retirement pension (benefit) cost	$	(2,975	)	$	(1,365	)	$	1,388		$	1,051		$	(1,587	)	$	(314	)
Contributions paid	$	—		$	—		$	1,218		$	1,732		$	1,218		$	1,732

The components of net periodic retirement pension costs other than the service cost and interest cost components are included in the line item “Other (income) expense, net” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  The interest cost component is included in the line item “Interest expense” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

The components of the net periodic other postretirement benefit costs recognized are as follows:

	Three-Months Ended				Six-Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Service cost	$	1	$	—	$	1	$	1
Interest cost		149		196		299		391
Amortization of:
Net actuarial loss		8		11		15		23
Prior service cost		1		—		1		1
Net periodic other postretirement cost	$	159	$	207	$	316	$	416
Contributions paid	$	940	$	176	$	978	$	521

The components of net periodic other postretirement benefit costs other than the service cost and interest cost components are included in the line item “Other (income) expense, net” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  The interest cost component is included in the line item “Interest expense” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

The amount of cash contributions made to these plans in any year is dependent upon a number of factors, including minimum funding requirements in the jurisdictions in which Woodward operates and arrangements made with trustees of certain foreign plans.  As a result, the actual funding in fiscal year 2021 may differ from the current estimate.  Woodward estimates its remaining cash contributions in fiscal year 2021 will be as follows:

Retirement pension benefits:
United States	$	—
United Kingdom		328
Japan		—
Germany		385
Other postretirement benefits		2,135

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Stockholders' Equity

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Note 21.  Stockholders’ equity

Stock repurchase program

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2017, the Board terminated the Company’s prior stock repurchase program and replaced it with a new program for the repurchase of up to $500,000 of Woodward’s outstanding shares of common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions over a three year period that ended in November 2019 (the “2017 Authorization”).  Effective upon the expiration of the 2017 Authorization in November 2019, the Board approved a new program for the repurchase of up to $500,000 of Woodward’s outstanding shares of common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions over a three year period that will end in 2022 (the “2019 Authorization”).  In the first half of fiscal year 2021, Woodward purchased no shares of its common stock under the 2019 Authorization.  Woodward repurchased 124 shares of common stock for $13,346 under the 2019 Authorization in the first half of fiscal year 2020.

Stock-based compensation

Provisions governing outstanding stock option awards are included in the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “2017 Plan”) and the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”), as applicable.

The 2017 Plan was approved by Woodward’s stockholders in January 2017 and is a successor plan to the 2006 Plan.  As of September 14, 2016, the effective date of the 2017 Plan, the Board delegated authority to administer the 2017 Plan to the compensation committee of the Board (the “Committee”), including, but not limited to, the power to determine the recipients of awards and the terms of those awards.  On January 29, 2020 and January 27, 2021, Woodward’s stockholders approved an additional 1,000 and 1,500 shares, respectively, of Woodward’s common stock to be made available for future grants.  Under the 2017 Plan, there were approximately 2,692 shares of Woodward’s common stock available for future grants as of March 31, 2021 and 1,972 shares as of September 30, 2020.

Stock options

Woodward believes that stock options align the interests of its employees and directors with the interests of its stockholders.  Stock option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of Woodward’s stock at the date the grants are awarded, a ten year term, and generally have a four year vesting schedule at a rate of 25% per year.

The fair value of options granted is estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-valuation model using the assumptions in the following table.  Woodward calculates the expected term, which represents the average period of time that stock options granted are expected to be outstanding, based upon historical experience of plan participants.  Expected volatility is based on historical volatility using daily stock price observations.  The estimated dividend yield is based upon Woodward’s historical dividend practice and the market value of its common stock.  The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve, for periods within the contractual life of the stock option, at the time of grant.

		Three-Months Ended								Six-Months Ended
		March 31,								March 31,
		2021					2020		2021				2020
Weighted-average exercise price per share	$	122.88					$	127.84	$	82.46			$	104.91
Weighted-average grant date market value of Woodward stock	$	122.88					$	127.84	$	82.46			$	104.91
Expected term (years)			6.5	-		8.7		6.5		6.5	-	8.7		6.4	-	8.7
Estimated volatility		33.9%		-	36.2%			25.7%		33.3%	-	36.2%		25.7%	-	30.1%
Estimated dividend yield		0.5%		-	0.6%		0.9%			0.3%	-	0.6%		0.6%	-	0.9%
Risk-free interest rate		0.6%		-	1.1%			1.7%		0.4%	-	1.1%		1.6%	-	1.7%

The following is a summary of the activity for stock option awards during the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021:

	Three-Months Ended					Six-Months Ended
	March 31, 2021					March 31, 2021
	Number of options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share		Number of options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share
Options, beginning balance		5,901		$	65.47		5,443		$	62.00
Options granted		26			122.88		773			82.46
Options exercised		(410	)		41.71		(696	)		40.93
Options forfeited		—			—		(3	)		87.38
Options, ending balance		5,517			67.50		5,517			67.50

Changes in non-vested stock options during the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended					Six-Months Ended
	March 31, 2021					March 31, 2021
	Number of options			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share		Number of options			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Non-vested options outstanding, beginning balance		2,170		$	25.40		2,078		$	24.69
Options granted		26			42.45		773			28.22
Options vested		(90	)		20.66		(742	)		25.19
Options forfeited		—			—		(3	)		25.18
Non-vested options outstanding, ending balance		2,106			25.81		2,106			25.81

Information about stock options that have vested, or are expected to vest, and are exercisable at March 31, 2021 was as follows:

	Number of options		Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Life in Years		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding		5,517	$	67.50		6.4	$	293,200
Options vested and exercisable		3,423		58.05		5.1		214,223
Options vested and expected to vest		5,425		67.25		6.4		289,632

Stock-based compensation expense

Woodward recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.  Pursuant to form stock option agreements used by the Company, with terms approved by the administrator of the applicable plan, the requisite service period can be less than the four year vesting period based on grantee’s retirement eligibility.  As such, the recognition of stock-based compensation expense associated with some stock option grants can be accelerated to a period of less than four years, including immediate recognition of stock-based compensation expense on the date of grant.

At March 31, 2021, there was approximately $15,693 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements, including both stock options and restricted stock awards.  The pre-vesting forfeiture rates for purposes of determining stock-based compensation expense recognized were estimated to be 0% for members of the Board and 7.3% for all others.  The remaining unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.1 years.

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 22.  Commitments and contingencies

Woodward is currently involved in claims, pending or threatened litigation or other legal proceedings, investigations and/or regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including, among others, those relating to product liability claims, employment matters, worker’s compensation claims, contractual disputes, product warranty claims and alleged violations of various laws and regulations.  Woodward accrues for known individual matters using estimates of the most likely amount of loss where it believes that it is probable the matter will result in a loss when ultimately resolved and such loss is reasonably estimable.  Legal costs are expensed as incurred and are classified in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Woodward is partially self-insured in the United States for healthcare and worker’s compensation up to predetermined amounts, above which third party insurance applies.  Management regularly reviews the probable outcome of related claims and proceedings, the expenses expected to be incurred, the availability and limits of the insurance coverage, and the established accruals for liabilities.

While the outcome of pending claims, legal and regulatory proceedings, and investigations cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that any liabilities that may result from these claims, proceedings and investigations will not have a material effect on Woodward’s liquidity, financial condition, or results of operations.

In the event of a change in control of Woodward, as defined in change-in-control agreements with its corporate officers, Woodward may be required to pay termination benefits to such officers.

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Segment Information

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Note 23.  Segment information

Woodward serves the aerospace and industrial markets through its two reportable segments – Aerospace and Industrial.  When appropriate, Woodward’s reportable segments are aggregations of Woodward’s operating segments.  Woodward uses operating segment information internally to manage its business, including the assessment of operating segment performance and decisions for the allocation of resources between operating segments.  

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those of the Company.  Woodward evaluates segment profit or loss based on internal performance measures for each segment in a given period.  In connection with that assessment, Woodward generally excludes matters such as certain charges for restructuring, interest income and expense, certain gains and losses from asset dispositions, or other non-recurring and/or non-operationally related expenses.  

A summary of consolidated net sales and earnings by segment follows:

	Three-Months Ended						Six-Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Segment external net sales:
Aerospace	$	364,706		$	474,236		$	686,373		$	948,161
Industrial		216,615			245,984			432,567			492,414
Total consolidated net sales	$	581,321		$	720,220		$	1,118,940		$	1,440,575
Segment earnings:
Aerospace	$	69,008		$	117,638		$	115,474		$	210,549
Industrial		27,871			25,972			60,759			54,202
Nonsegment expenses		(10,426	)		(28,131	)		(33,785	)		(79,202	)
Interest expense, net		(7,966	)		(8,280	)		(16,377	)		(16,802	)
Consolidated earnings before income taxes	$	78,487		$	107,199		$	126,071		$	168,747

Segment assets consist of accounts receivable; inventories; property, plant, and equipment, net; goodwill; and other intangibles, net.  A summary of consolidated total assets by segment follows:

	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Segment assets:
Aerospace	$	1,735,452	$	1,752,516
Industrial		1,529,109		1,529,411
Unallocated corporate property, plant and equipment, net		103,949		106,380
Other unallocated assets		652,262		515,029
Consolidated total assets	$	4,020,772	$	3,903,336

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Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Note 24.  Subsequent events

On April 28, 2021, the Board approved a cash dividend of $0.1625 per share for the quarter, payable on June 1, 2021, for stockholders of record as of May 18, 2021.

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Revenue (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenue Recognition Time

The amount of revenue recognized as point in time or over time follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31, 2021						Three-Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Aerospace		Industrial		Consolidated		Aerospace		Industrial		Consolidated
Point in time	$	114,563	$	131,242	$	245,805	$	178,325	$	157,052	$	335,377
Over time		250,143		85,373		335,516		295,911		88,932		384,843
Total net sales	$	364,706	$	216,615	$	581,321	$	474,236	$	245,984	$	720,220

	Six-Months Ended March 31, 2021						Six-Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Aerospace		Industrial		Consolidated		Aerospace		Industrial		Consolidated
Point in time	$	221,530	$	285,437	$	506,967	$	365,840	$	324,994	$	690,834
Over time		464,843		147,130		611,973		582,321		167,420		749,741
Total net sales	$	686,373	$	432,567	$	1,118,940	$	948,161	$	492,414	$	1,440,575

Schedule of Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2021			September 30, 2020
Billed receivables
Trade accounts receivable	$	304,682		$	307,914
Other (Chinese financial institutions)		73,298			56,640
Total billed receivables		377,980			364,554
Current unbilled receivables (contract assets)		217,606			181,792
Total accounts receivable		595,586			546,346
Less: Allowance for uncollectible amounts		(7,522	)		(8,359	)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	588,064		$	537,987

Schedule of Uncollectible Amounts And Change in Expected Allowance for Credit Losses for Trade Accounts Receivable and Unbilled Receivables

The allowance for uncollectible amounts and change in expected credit losses for trade accounts receivable and unbilled receivables (contract assets) consisted of the following:

	Three-Months Ended			Six-Months Ended
	March 31, 2021			March 31, 2021
Balance, beginning	$	7,499		$	8,359
Additions charged to costs and expenses, or sales allowance		1,040			1,128
Deductions		(837	)		(2,008	)
Other (deductions) additions1		(180	)		43
Balance, ending	$	7,522		$	7,522

(1) Includes effects of foreign exchange rate changes during the period.

Schedule of Contract Liability

Contract liabilities consisted of the following:  

	March 31, 2021				September 30, 2020
	Current		Noncurrent		Current		Noncurrent
Deferred revenue from material rights from GE joint venture formation	$	4,419	$	236,610	$	4,066	$	234,240
Deferred revenue from advanced invoicing and/or prepayments from customers		3,922		716		3,239		85
Liability related to customer supplied inventory		15,790		—		14,955		—
Deferred revenue from material rights related to engineering and development funding		4,629		139,480		2,360		132,317
Net contract liabilities	$	28,760	$	376,806	$	24,620	$	366,642

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

Revenue by primary market for the Aerospace reportable segment was as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Commercial OEM	$	101,907	$	144,610	$	177,988	$	303,276
Commercial aftermarket		77,579		134,042		143,094		259,970
Defense OEM		135,630		139,901		266,893		280,827
Defense aftermarket		49,590		55,683		98,398		104,088
Total Aerospace segment net sales	$	364,706	$	474,236	$	686,373	$	948,161

Revenue by primary market for the Industrial reportable segment was as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Reciprocating engines	$	163,034	$	163,555	$	327,956	$	338,208
Industrial turbines		53,581		59,678		104,611		111,177
Renewables1		—		22,751		—		43,029
Total Industrial segment net sales	$	216,615	$	245,984	$	432,567	$	492,414

(1) Sales in the renewables market were discontinued as of May 1, 2020 following the closing of the divestiture of the renewable power systems business and other related businesses (as described more fully in Note 10, Sale of businesses, and defined therein as the “disposal group”).

The customers who each account for approximately 10% or more of net sales of each of Woodward’s reportable segments for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 are as follows:

	Customer
Aerospace	The Boeing Company, General Electric Company, Raytheon Technologies
Industrial	Rolls-Royce PLC, Weichai Westport, General Electric Company

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Net Earnings to Net Earnings Per Share Basic and Diluted

The following is a reconciliation of net earnings to basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Numerator:
Net earnings	$	68,313	$	91,318	$	109,883	$	144,691
Denominator:
Basic shares outstanding		63,278		62,266		63,043		62,128
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock		2,376		2,298		2,231		2,494
Diluted shares outstanding		65,654		64,564		65,274		64,622
Income per common share:
Basic earnings per share	$	1.08	$	1.47	$	1.74	$	2.33
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.04	$	1.41	$	1.68	$	2.24

Anti-dilutive Stock Options Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

The following stock option grants were outstanding but were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Options		41		686		602		686
Weighted-average option price	$	117.39	$	104.51	$	104.85	$	104.47

Schedule of Treasury Stock Shares Held for Deferred Compensation Included in Basic and Diluted Shares Outstanding

The weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share included the weighted-average treasury stock shares held for deferred compensation obligations of the following:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Weighted-average treasury stock shares held for deferred compensation obligations		196		216		197		214

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Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Lease-Related Assets and Liabilities

Lease-related assets and liabilities follows:

	Classification on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Assets:
Operating lease assets	Other assets	$	21,935	$	18,918
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net		970		1,201
Total lease assets			22,905		20,119
Current liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities	Accrued liabilities		5,280		4,925
Finance lease liabilities	Current portion of long-term debt		1,398		1,634
Noncurrent liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities	Other liabilities		17,178		14,569
Finance lease liabilities	Long-term debt, less current portion		620		1,173
Total lease liabilities		$	24,476	$	22,301

Lease-Related Expenses

Lease-related expenses were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,						Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Operating lease expense	$	1,615		$	1,532		$	3,168		$	3,051
Amortization of finance lease assets		94			101			220			248
Interest on finance lease liabilities		17			20			35			40
Variable lease expense		496			288			818			595
Short-term lease expense		76			162			158			337
Sublease income1		(214	)		(200	)		(382	)		(325	)
Total lease expense	$	2,084		$	1,903		$	4,017		$	3,946

(1) Relates to two separate subleases Woodward has entered into for a leased manufacturing building in Niles, Illinois.

Lease-Related Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Lease-related supplemental cash flow information was as follows:

	Six-Months Ended March 31, 2021		Six-Months Ended March 31, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	2,671	$	2,701
Operating cash flows for finance leases		35		40
Financing cash flows for finance leases		835		787
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for recorded lease obligations:
Operating leases		5,070		5,345
Finance leases		12		1,244

Property, Plant and Equipment Leased to Others through Embedded Leasing Arrangements

The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment leased to others through embedded leasing arrangements, included in “Property, plant and equipment, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, follows:

	March 31, 2021			September 30, 2020
Property, plant and equipment leased to others through embedded leasing arrangements	$	76,995		$	76,655
Less accumulated depreciation		(32,716	)		(29,819	)
Property, plant and equipment leased to others through embedded leasing arrangements, net	$	44,279		$	46,836

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Joint Venture (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Equity Method Investments And Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Unamortized Deferred Revenue from JV

Unamortized deferred revenue from material rights in connection with the JV formation included:

	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Accrued liabilities	$	4,419	$	4,066
Other liabilities		236,610		234,240

Other Income Related JV

Other income related to Woodward’s equity interest in the earnings of the JV was as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Other income	$	3,779	$	4,681	$	6,165	$	7,893

Cash Distribution from JV

Cash distributions to Woodward from the JV, recognized in “Net cash provided by operating activities” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Cash distributions	$	3,500	$	-	$	7,000	$	3,000

Net Sales to the JV

Net sales to the JV were as follows:  

	Three-Months Ended March 31,				Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net sales1	$	8,325	$	16,606	$	18,384	$	31,484

Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, and Other Assets Related to JV

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets include “Accounts receivable” related to amounts the JV owed Woodward, “Accounts payable” related to amounts Woodward owed the JV, and “Other assets” related to Woodward’s net investment in the JV, as follows:

	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Accounts receivable	$	3,526	$	3,062
Accounts payable		4,534		1,502
Other assets		8,288		9,123

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Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Financial Assets that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The table below presents information about Woodward’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques Woodward utilized to determine such fair value as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  

	At March 31, 2021								At September 30, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Investments in term deposits with foreign banks	$	3,051	$	—	$	—	$	3,051	$	40,453	$	—	$	—	$	40,453
Equity securities		28,836		—		—		28,836		25,381		—		—		25,381
Total financial assets	$	31,887	$	—	$	—	$	31,887	$	65,834	$	—	$	—	$	65,834
Financial liabilities:
Cross-currency interest rate swaps	$	—	$	71,421	$	—	$	71,421	$	—	$	51,387	$	—	$	51,387
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	71,421	$	—	$	71,421	$	—	$	51,387	$	—	$	51,387

Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values and carrying costs of other financial instruments that are not required to be remeasured at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:

		At March 31, 2021				At September 30, 2020
	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Cost
Assets:
Notes receivable from municipalities	2	$	13,323	$	11,039	$	13,413	$	11,846
Note receivable from sale of disposal group	2		6,172		6,150		6,341		6,061
Investments in short-term time deposits	2		70		69		13,678		13,671
Liabilities:
Long-term debt	2	$	801,655	$	739,489	$	935,610	$	840,654

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Derivative Instruments And Hedges [Abstract]

Impact of Derivative Instruments on Earnings

The following table discloses the impact of derivative instruments designated as qualifying hedging instruments on Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings:

		Three-Months Ended
		March 31, 2021
Derivatives in:	Location	Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreement designated as fair value hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	(1,660	)	$	(1,401	)	$	(1,660	)
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses		(19,023	)		(7,491	)		(19,023	)
		$	(20,683	)	$	(8,892	)	$	(20,683	)

		Three-Months Ended
		March 31, 2020
Derivatives in:	Location	Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreement designated as fair value hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	(2,043	)	$	(1,523	)	$	(1,646	)
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses		(5,598	)		(43,775	)		(5,598	)
Treasury lock agreement designated as cash flow hedge	Interest expense		(18	)		—			(18	)
		$	(7,659	)	$	(45,298	)	$	(7,262	)

		Six-Months Ended
		March 31, 2021
Derivatives in:	Location	Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative		Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative		Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreement designated as fair value hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	190	$	262	$	190
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses		87		21,504		87
		$	277	$	21,766	$	277

		Six-Months Ended
		March 31, 2020
Derivatives in:	Location	Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative			Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreement designated as fair value hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	233		$	2,075		$	1,037
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Selling, general and administrative expenses		3,393			(36,079	)		3,393
Treasury lock agreement designated as cash flow hedge	Interest expense		(36	)		—			(36	)
		$	3,590		$	(34,004	)	$	4,394

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Supplemental Statement of Cash Flows Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Schedule of Supplemental Statement of Cash Flows Information

	Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized	$	14,238	$	14,146
Income taxes paid		20,843		65,283
Income tax refunds received		12,143		11,012
Non-cash activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment on account		2,040		2,325
Impact of the adoption of ASC 842		—		255
Common shares issued from treasury to settle benefit obligations		14,900		14,748

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Inventories (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Inventory Net [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventories

	March 31,			September 30,
	2021			2020
Raw materials	$	122,056		$	123,626
Work in progress		92,124			92,934
Component parts(1)		254,042			255,980
Finished goods		70,321			66,889
Customer supplied inventory		15,790			14,955
On-hand inventory for which control has transferred to the customer		(132,012	)		(116,441	)
	$	422,321		$	437,943

(1) Component parts include items that can be sold separately as finished goods or included in the manufacture of other products.

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Property, Plant, and Equipment (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Property Plant And Equipment Net [Abstract]

Schedule of Property Plant and Equipment, Net

	March 31,			September 30,
	2021			2020
Land and land improvements	$	86,131		$	83,095
Buildings and building improvements		551,726			551,540
Leasehold improvements		19,164			18,610
Machinery and production equipment		788,147			776,884
Computer equipment and software		123,001			123,903
Office furniture and equipment		41,249			41,177
Other		19,838			19,814
Construction in progress		27,772			36,367
		1,657,028			1,651,390
Less accumulated depreciation		(691,823	)		(653,975	)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	965,205		$	997,415

Schedule of Depreciation Expense

For the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, Woodward had depreciation expense as follows:

	Three-Months Ended				Six-Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Depreciation expense	$	21,919	$	23,177	$	44,527	$	45,723

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Goodwill (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill

	September 30, 2020		Effects of Foreign Currency Translation			March 31, 2021
Aerospace	$	455,423	$	—		$	455,423
Industrial		352,829		(278	)		352,551
Consolidated	$	808,252	$	(278	)	$	807,974

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Intangible Assets, Net (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Intangible Assets Net Excluding Goodwill [Abstract]

Schedule of Finite-lived and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets by Major Class

	March 31, 2021							September 30, 2020
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Intangible assets with finite lives:
Customer relationships and contracts:
Aerospace	$	281,683	$	(203,451	)	$	78,232	$	281,683	$	(196,520	)	$	85,163
Industrial		408,252		(46,887	)		361,365		429,249		(57,045	)		372,204
Total	$	689,935	$	(250,338	)	$	439,597	$	710,932	$	(253,565	)	$	457,367
Intellectual property:
Aerospace	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
Industrial		15,821		(15,775	)		46		15,778		(15,640	)		138
Total	$	15,821	$	(15,775	)	$	46	$	15,778	$	(15,640	)	$	138
Process technology:
Aerospace	$	76,370	$	(65,565	)	$	10,805	$	76,371	$	(63,956	)	$	12,415
Industrial		90,796		(24,266	)		66,530		90,945		(22,300	)		68,645
Total	$	167,166	$	(89,831	)	$	77,335	$	167,316	$	(86,256	)	$	81,060
Other intangibles:
Aerospace	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
Industrial		233		(221	)		12		235		(183	)		52
Total	$	233	$	(221	)	$	12	$	235	$	(183	)	$	52
Intangible asset with indefinite life:
Tradename:
Aerospace	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—
Industrial		67,958		—			67,958		68,094		—			68,094
Total	$	67,958	$	—		$	67,958	$	68,094	$	—		$	68,094
Total intangibles:
Aerospace	$	358,053	$	(269,016	)	$	89,037	$	358,054	$	(260,476	)	$	97,578
Industrial		583,060		(87,149	)		495,911		647,738		(138,605	)		509,133
Consolidated Total	$	941,113	$	(356,165	)	$	584,948	$	1,005,792	$	(399,081	)	$	606,711

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Amortization Expense

For the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, Woodward recorded amortization expense associated with intangibles of the following:

	Three-Months Ended				Six-Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Amortization expense	$	10,560	$	9,848	$	21,029	$	19,753

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense

Future amortization expense associated with intangibles is expected to be:

Year Ending September 30:
2021 (remaining)	$	20,668
2022		39,954
2023		38,903
2024		35,151
2025		29,937
Thereafter		352,377
	$	516,990

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Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Accrued Liabilities [Line Items]

Accrued Liabilities

	March 31,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Salaries and other member benefits	$	43,803	$	50,850
Warranties		18,576		18,972
Interest payable		14,547		15,281
Accrued retirement benefits		3,013		3,051
Restructuring charges		403		3,395
Taxes, other than income		25,027		13,925
Net current contract liabilities		28,760		24,620
Other		30,221		21,700
	$	164,350	$	151,794

Changes in Accrued Product Warranties

Changes in accrued product warranties were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,						Six-Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Warranties, beginning of period	$	21,079		$	18,927		$	18,972		$	27,309
Expense, net of recoveries		(377	)		8,115			1,012			3,782
Reductions for settlement of previous warranty liabilities		(1,843	)		(5,177	)		(1,451	)		(9,454	)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		(283	)		(95	)		43			133
Warranties, end of period	$	18,576		$	21,770		$	18,576		$	21,770

Employee Severance [Member]

Accrued Liabilities [Line Items]

Loss Reserve & Restructuring Reserve Activity

The summary of activity in accrued restructuring charges during the six-months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

			Period Activity
	Balances as of September 30, 2020		Charges		Payments			Foreign currency exchange rate changes		Non-cash activity			Balances as of March 31, 2021
Workforce management costs associated with:
COVID-19 pandemic	$	3,395	$	—	$	(2,287	)	$	21	$	(726	)	$	403
Total	$	3,395	$	—	$	(2,287	)	$	21	$	(726	)	$	403

			Period Activity
	Balances as of September 30, 2019		Charges		Payments			Foreign currency exchange rate changes		Non-cash activity			Balances as of March 31, 2020
Workforce management costs associated with:
Duarte plant relocation	$	440	$	—	$	(440	)	$	—	$	—		$	—
Industrial turbomachinery business realignment		67		—		(24	)		—		(43	)		—
Total	$	507	$	—	$	(464	)	$	—	$	(43	)	$	—

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Other Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Other Liabilities Noncurrent [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Liabilities

	March 31,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Net accrued retirement benefits, less amounts recognized within accrued liabilities	$	116,694	$	114,013
Total unrecognized tax benefits		13,758		10,230
Noncurrent income taxes payable		16,388		18,322
Deferred economic incentives (1)		8,594		9,105
Cross-currency swap derivative liability		71,421		51,387
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		17,178		14,569
Net noncurrent contract liabilities		376,806		366,642
Other		25,061		33,637
	$	645,900	$	617,905

(1) Woodward receives certain economic incentives from various state and local authorities related to capital expansion projects.  Such amounts are initially recorded as deferred credits and are being recognized as a reduction to pre-tax expense over the economic lives of the related capital expansion projects.

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Other (Income) Expense, Net (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Nonoperating Income Expense [Abstract]

Schedule of Other (Income) Expense, Net

	Three-Months Ended						Six-Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Equity interest in the earnings of the JV (Note 6)	$	(3,779	)	$	(4,681	)	$	(6,165	)	$	(7,893	)
Net gain on sales of assets and businesses(1)		(1,354	)		(10	)		(1,942	)		(13,557	)
Rent income		(393	)		(324	)		(743	)		(575	)
Net (gain) loss on investments in deferred compensation program		(2,274	)		3,021			(3,257	)		1,776
Other components of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit, excluding service cost and interest expense		(3,401	)		(2,926	)		(7,051	)		(5,973	)
Other		(130	)		(143	)		(296	)		(266	)
	$	(11,331	)	$	(5,063	)	$	(19,454	)	$	(26,488	)

(1) Included in net gain on sale of assets and businesses for the six-months ended March 31, 2020 was the pre-tax gain on sale of Duarte real property in the amount of $13,522 recognized in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020.

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Income Taxes (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Tax Expense and Effective Tax Rate

The following table sets forth the tax expense and the effective tax rate for Woodward’s earnings before income taxes:

	Three-Months Ended						Six-Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Earnings before income taxes	$	78,487		$	107,199		$	126,071		$	168,747
Income tax expense		10,174			15,881			16,188			24,056
Effective tax rate		13.0	%		14.8	%		12.8	%		14.3	%

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Retirement Benefits (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of Amount of Expense Associated with Defined Contribution Plans

The amount of expense associated with defined contribution plans was as follows:

	Three-Months Ended				Six-Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Company costs	$	8,497	$	8,910	$	16,533	$	17,614

Schedule of Estimated Remaining Cash Contributions

Woodward estimates its remaining cash contributions in fiscal year 2021 will be as follows:

Retirement pension benefits:
United States	$	—
United Kingdom		328
Japan		—
Germany		385
Other postretirement benefits		2,135

Defined Benefit Pension Plan [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Costs

The components of the net periodic retirement pension costs recognized are as follows:

	Three-Months Ended March 31,
	United States						Other Countries						Total
	2021			2020			2021			2020			2021			2020
Service cost	$	432		$	415		$	736		$	708		$	1,168		$	1,123
Interest cost		1,239			1,397			343			319			1,582			1,716
Expected return on plan assets		(3,536	)		(3,086	)		(625	)		(708	)		(4,161	)		(3,794	)
Amortization of:
Net actuarial loss		135			357			234			260			369			617
Prior service cost		243			234			6			6			249			240
Net periodic retirement pension (benefit) cost	$	(1,487	)	$	(683	)	$	694		$	585		$	(793	)	$	(98	)
Contributions paid	$	—		$	—		$	675		$	601		$	675		$	601
	Six-Months Ended March 31,
	United States						Other Countries						Total
	2021			2020			2021			2020			2021			2020
Service cost	$	864		$	830		$	1,465		$	1,418		$	2,329		$	2,248
Interest cost		2,478			2,795			676			640			3,154			3,435
Expected return on plan assets		(7,072	)		(6,173	)		(1,227	)		(1,540	)		(8,299	)		(7,713	)
Amortization of:
Net actuarial loss		270			715			462			521			732			1,236
Prior service cost		485			468			12			12			497			480
Net periodic retirement pension (benefit) cost	$	(2,975	)	$	(1,365	)	$	1,388		$	1,051		$	(1,587	)	$	(314	)
Contributions paid	$	—		$	—		$	1,218		$	1,732		$	1,218		$	1,732

Other Postretirement Benefit Plans [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Costs

The components of the net periodic other postretirement benefit costs recognized are as follows:

	Three-Months Ended				Six-Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Service cost	$	1	$	—	$	1	$	1
Interest cost		149		196		299		391
Amortization of:
Net actuarial loss		8		11		15		23
Prior service cost		1		—		1		1
Net periodic other postretirement cost	$	159	$	207	$	316	$	416
Contributions paid	$	940	$	176	$	978	$	521

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables) - Stock Options [Member]

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Assumptions Used in Estimate of Fair Value of Stock Option Awards

The fair value of options granted is estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-valuation model using the assumptions in the following table.  Woodward calculates the expected term, which represents the average period of time that stock options granted are expected to be outstanding, based upon historical experience of plan participants.  Expected volatility is based on historical volatility using daily stock price observations.  The estimated dividend yield is based upon Woodward’s historical dividend practice and the market value of its common stock.  The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve, for periods within the contractual life of the stock option, at the time of grant.

		Three-Months Ended								Six-Months Ended
		March 31,								March 31,
		2021					2020		2021				2020
Weighted-average exercise price per share	$	122.88					$	127.84	$	82.46			$	104.91
Weighted-average grant date market value of Woodward stock	$	122.88					$	127.84	$	82.46			$	104.91
Expected term (years)			6.5	-		8.7		6.5		6.5	-	8.7		6.4	-	8.7
Estimated volatility		33.9%		-	36.2%			25.7%		33.3%	-	36.2%		25.7%	-	30.1%
Estimated dividend yield		0.5%		-	0.6%		0.9%			0.3%	-	0.6%		0.6%	-	0.9%
Risk-free interest rate		0.6%		-	1.1%			1.7%		0.4%	-	1.1%		1.6%	-	1.7%

Summary of Activity for Stock Option Awards

The following is a summary of the activity for stock option awards during the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021:

	Three-Months Ended					Six-Months Ended
	March 31, 2021					March 31, 2021
	Number of options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share		Number of options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share
Options, beginning balance		5,901		$	65.47		5,443		$	62.00
Options granted		26			122.88		773			82.46
Options exercised		(410	)		41.71		(696	)		40.93
Options forfeited		—			—		(3	)		87.38
Options, ending balance		5,517			67.50		5,517			67.50

Changes in Non-vested Stock Options

Changes in non-vested stock options during the three and six-months ended March 31, 2021 were as follows:

	Three-Months Ended					Six-Months Ended
	March 31, 2021					March 31, 2021
	Number of options			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share		Number of options			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Non-vested options outstanding, beginning balance		2,170		$	25.40		2,078		$	24.69
Options granted		26			42.45		773			28.22
Options vested		(90	)		20.66		(742	)		25.19
Options forfeited		—			—		(3	)		25.18
Non-vested options outstanding, ending balance		2,106			25.81		2,106			25.81

Stock Options Vested, or Expected to Vest and Exercisable

Information about stock options that have vested, or are expected to vest, and are exercisable at March 31, 2021 was as follows:

	Number of options		Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Life in Years		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding		5,517	$	67.50		6.4	$	293,200
Options vested and exercisable		3,423		58.05		5.1		214,223
Options vested and expected to vest		5,425		67.25		6.4		289,632

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Segment Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary of Consolidated Net Sales and Earnings by Segment

A summary of consolidated net sales and earnings by segment follows:

	Three-Months Ended						Six-Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Segment external net sales:
Aerospace	$	364,706		$	474,236		$	686,373		$	948,161
Industrial		216,615			245,984			432,567			492,414
Total consolidated net sales	$	581,321		$	720,220		$	1,118,940		$	1,440,575
Segment earnings:
Aerospace	$	69,008		$	117,638		$	115,474		$	210,549
Industrial		27,871			25,972			60,759			54,202
Nonsegment expenses		(10,426	)		(28,131	)		(33,785	)		(79,202	)
Interest expense, net		(7,966	)		(8,280	)		(16,377	)		(16,802	)
Consolidated earnings before income taxes	$	78,487		$	107,199		$	126,071		$	168,747

Summary of Consolidated Total Assets by Segment

Segment assets consist of accounts receivable; inventories; property, plant, and equipment, net; goodwill; and other intangibles, net.  A summary of consolidated total assets by segment follows:

	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Segment assets:
Aerospace	$	1,735,452	$	1,752,516
Industrial		1,529,109		1,529,411
Unallocated corporate property, plant and equipment, net		103,949		106,380
Other unallocated assets		652,262		515,029
Consolidated total assets	$	4,020,772	$	3,903,336

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Revenue (Schedule of Revenue Recognition Time) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 581,321	$ 720,220	$ 1,118,940	$ 1,440,575
Aerospace [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	364,706	474,236	686,373	948,161
Industrial [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	216,615	245,984	432,567	492,414
Point In Time [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	245,805	335,377	506,967	690,834
Point In Time [Member] | Aerospace [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	114,563	178,325	221,530	365,840
Point In Time [Member] | Industrial [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	131,242	157,052	285,437	324,994
Over Time [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	335,516	384,843	611,973	749,741
Over Time [Member] | Aerospace [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	250,143	295,911	464,843	582,321
Over Time [Member] | Industrial [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 85,373	$ 88,932	$ 147,130	$ 167,420

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Revenue (Schedule of Accounts Receivable) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Contract With Customer Asset [Line Items]
Total billed receivables	$ 377,980	$ 364,554
Current unbilled receivables (contract assets)	217,606	181,792
Total accounts receivable	595,586	546,346
Less: Allowance for uncollectible amounts	(7,522)	(8,359)
Total accounts receivable, net	588,064	537,987
Trade Accounts Receivable [Member]
Contract With Customer Asset [Line Items]
Billed receivables	304,682	307,914
Other (Chinese Financial Institutions) [Member]
Contract With Customer Asset [Line Items]
Billed receivables	$ 73,298	$ 56,640

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Revenue (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020
Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]
Noncurrent unbilled receivables	$ 12,925		$ 12,925		$ 16,751
Revenue from contract liabilities	$ 7,146	$ 15,962	$ 13,674	$ 19,932

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Revenue (Schedule of Uncollectible Amounts And Change in Expected Allowance for Credit Losses for Trade Accounts Receivable and Unbilled Receivables) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021
Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]
Balance, beginning		$ 7,499	$ 8,359
Additions charged to costs and expenses, or sales allowance		1,040	1,128
Deductions		(837)	(2,008)
Other (deductions) additions	[1]	(180)	43
Balance, ending		$ 7,522	$ 7,522

[1] Includes effects of foreign exchange rate changes during the period.

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Revenue (Schedule of Contract Liability) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Contract With Customer Liability [Line Items]
Current contract liabilities	$ 28,760	$ 24,620
Noncurrent contract liabilities	376,806	366,642
Deferred Revenue From Material Rights From GE Joint Venture Formation [Member]
Contract With Customer Liability [Line Items]
Current contract liabilities	4,419	4,066
Noncurrent contract liabilities	236,610	234,240
Deferred Revenue From Advance Invoicing And/Or Prepayments From Customers [Member]
Contract With Customer Liability [Line Items]
Current contract liabilities	3,922	3,239
Noncurrent contract liabilities	716	85
Liability Related To Customer Supplied Inventory [Member]
Contract With Customer Liability [Line Items]
Current contract liabilities	15,790	14,955
Deferred Revenue From Material Rights Related To Engineering And Development Funding [Member]
Contract With Customer Liability [Line Items]
Current contract liabilities	4,629	2,360
Noncurrent contract liabilities	$ 139,480	$ 132,317

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Revenue (Narrative - Performance Obligations) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Remaining performance obligation amount	$ 1,395,436	$ 1,454,406
Material Rights [Member]
Remaining performance obligation amount	$ 469,143	$ 465,668

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Revenue (Narrative - Performance Obligations) (Details1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Remaining performance obligation amount	$ 1,395,436	$ 1,454,406
Material Rights [Member]
Remaining performance obligation amount	$ 469,143	$ 465,668
Material Rights [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2019-10-01
Period of remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction	9 months
Remaining performance obligation amount	$ 7,348
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, year	2021
Material Rights [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2020-10-01
Period of remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction	1 year 9 months
Remaining performance obligation amount	$ 11,027
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, year	2022
Aerospace [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2020-01-01
Period of remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction	2 years
Maximum [Member] | Material Rights [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2020-01-01
Period of remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction	40 years

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Revenue (Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net sales		$ 581,321	$ 720,220	$ 1,118,940	$ 1,440,575
Aerospace [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net sales		364,706	474,236	686,373	948,161
Aerospace [Member] | Commercial OEM [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net sales		101,907	144,610	177,988	303,276
Aerospace [Member] | Commercial Aftermarket [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net sales		77,579	134,042	143,094	259,970
Aerospace [Member] | Defense OEM [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net sales		135,630	139,901	266,893	280,827
Aerospace [Member] | Defense Aftermarket [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net sales		49,590	55,683	98,398	104,088
Industrial [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net sales		216,615	245,984	432,567	492,414
Industrial [Member] | Reciprocating Engines [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net sales		163,034	163,555	327,956	338,208
Industrial [Member] | Industrial Turbines [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net sales		$ 53,581	59,678	$ 104,611	111,177
Industrial [Member] | Renewables [Member]
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net sales	[1]		$ 22,751		$ 43,029

[1] Sales in the renewables market were discontinued as of May 1, 2020 following the closing of the divestiture of the renewable power systems business and other related businesses (as described more fully in Note 10, Sale of businesses, and defined therein as the “disposal group”).

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Earnings Per Share (Reconciliation of Net Earnings to Net Earnings Per Share Basic and Diluted) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Numerator:
Net earnings	$ 68,313	$ 91,318	$ 109,883	$ 144,691
Denominator:
Basic	63,278	62,266	63,043	62,128
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock	2,376	2,298	2,231	2,494
Diluted shares outstanding	65,654	64,564	65,274	64,622
Income per common share:
Basic earnings per share	$ 1.08	$ 1.47	$ 1.74	$ 2.33
Diluted earnings per share	$ 1.04	$ 1.41	$ 1.68	$ 2.24

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Earnings Per Share (Anti-dilutive Stock Options Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share) (Details) - Stock Options [Member] - $ / shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Options	41	686	602	686
Weighted-average option price	$ 117.39	$ 104.51	$ 104.85	$ 104.47

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Earnings Per Share (Schedule of Treasury Stock Shares Held for Deferred Compensation Included in Basic and Diluted Shares Outstanding) (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Weighted-average treasury stock shares held for deferred compensation obligations	196	216	197	214

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Leases (Lease-Related Assets and Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Assets:
Operating lease assets	$ 21,935	$ 18,918
Finance lease assets	970	1,201
Total lease assets	22,905	20,119
Current liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities	5,280	4,925
Finance lease liabilities	1,398	1,634
Noncurrent liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities	17,178	14,569
Finance lease liabilities	620	1,173
Total lease liabilities	$ 24,476	$ 22,301

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Leases (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Revenue included embedded operating leases	$ 1,511		$ 1,561	$ 3,309	$ 3,125
Disposal Groups [Member]
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Non-cash impairment charge		$ 639

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Leases (Lease-Related Expenses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense		$ 1,615	$ 1,532	$ 3,168	$ 3,051
Amortization of finance lease assets		94	101	220	248
Interest on finance lease liabilities		17	20	35	40
Variable lease expense		496	288	818	595
Short-term lease expense		76	162	158	337
Sublease income	[1]	(214)	(200)	(382)	(325)
Total lease expense		$ 2,084	$ 1,903	$ 4,017	$ 3,946

[1] Relates to two separate subleases Woodward has entered into for a leased manufacturing building in Niles, Illinois.

XML

Leases (Lease-Related Supplemental Cash Flow Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows for operating leases	$ 2,671	$ 2,701
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows for finance leases	35	40
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Financing cash flows for finance leases	835	787
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for recorded lease obligations: Operating leases	5,070	5,345
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for recorded lease obligations: Finance leases	$ 12	$ 1,244

XML

Leases (Property, Plant and Equipment Leased to Others through Embedded Leasing Arrangements) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Property, plant and equipment leased to others through embedded leasing arrangements	$ 76,995	$ 76,655
Less accumulated depreciation	(32,716)	(29,819)
Property, plant and equipment leased to others through embedded leasing arrangements, net	$ 44,279	$ 46,836

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Joint Venture (Unamortized Deferred Revenue from JV) (Details) - Woodward and General Electric Joint Venture [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Schedule Of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Accrued liabilities	$ 4,419	$ 4,066
Other liabilities	$ 236,610	$ 234,240

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Joint Venture (Narrative) (Details) - Woodward and General Electric Joint Venture [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Schedule Of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Cash received annually from formation of joint venture	$ 4,894	$ 4,894
Sales [Member]
Schedule Of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Amortization of deferred income recognized as an increase to sales	989	1,821	$ 2,171	$ 3,529
Reduction to sales related to royalties owed to joint venture	$ 6,635	$ 9,779	$ 11,055	$ 17,013

XML

Joint Venture (Other Income Related JV) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Schedule Of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Other income	$ 3,779	$ 4,681	$ 6,165	$ 7,893
Woodward and General Electric Joint Venture [Member]
Schedule Of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Other income	$ 3,779	$ 4,681	$ 6,165	$ 7,893

XML

Joint Venture (Cash Distribution from JV) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Woodward and General Electric Joint Venture [Member]
Schedule Of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Cash distributions	$ 3,500	$ 7,000	$ 3,000

XML

Joint Venture (Net Sales to the JV) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Woodward and General Electric Joint Venture [Member]
Schedule Of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Net sales	[1]	$ 8,325	$ 16,606	$ 18,384	$ 31,484

[1] Net sales included a reduction of $6,635 for the three-months and $11,055 for the six-months ended March 31, 2021 related to royalties owed to the JV by Woodward on sales by Woodward directly to third party aftermarket customers, compared to a reduction to sales of $9,779 for the three-months and $17,013 for the six-months ended March 31, 2020.

XML

Joint Venture (Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, and Other Assets Related to JV) (Details) - Woodward and General Electric Joint Venture [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Schedule Of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	$ 3,526	$ 3,062
Accounts payable	4,534	1,502
Other assets	$ 8,288	$ 9,123

XML

Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements (Financial Assets that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Financial assets:
Total financial assets	$ 31,887	$ 65,834
Financial liabilities:
Total financial liabilities	71,421	51,387
Cross Currency Interest Rate Swaps [Member]
Financial liabilities:
Cross-currency interest rate swaps	71,421	51,387
Level 1 [Member]
Financial assets:
Total financial assets	31,887	65,834
Level 2 [Member]
Financial liabilities:
Total financial liabilities	71,421	51,387
Level 2 [Member] | Cross Currency Interest Rate Swaps [Member]
Financial liabilities:
Cross-currency interest rate swaps	71,421	51,387
Investments in Term Deposits with Foreign Banks [Member]
Financial assets:
Investments	3,051	40,453
Investments in Term Deposits with Foreign Banks [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Financial assets:
Investments	3,051	40,453
Equity Securities [Member]
Financial assets:
Equity securities	28,836	25,381
Equity Securities [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Financial assets:
Equity securities	$ 28,836	$ 25,381

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Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements (Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments) (Details) - Level 2 [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
ASSETS
Investments in short-term time deposits, Estimated Fair Value	$ 70	$ 13,678
Liabilities:
Long-term debt, Estimated Fair Value	801,655	935,610
Investments in short-term time deposits, Carrying Cost	69	13,671
Long-term debt, Carrying Cost	739,489	840,654
Long Term Notes Receivable from Municipalities [Member]
ASSETS
Notes receivable, Estimated Fair Value	13,323	13,413
Liabilities:
Notes receivable, Carrying Cost	11,039	11,846
Long Term Notes Receivable from Sale of Disposal Groups [Member]
ASSETS
Notes receivable, Estimated Fair Value	6,172	6,341
Liabilities:
Notes receivable, Carrying Cost	$ 6,150	$ 6,061

XML

Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements (Narrative) (Details) - Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Long-Term Debt [Member] | Weighted Average [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Interest rate used to measure long-term debt	1.7	1.5
Long Term Notes Receivable from Municipalities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Interest rate used to measure municipal notes	1.3	1.2
Interest rate used to measure promissory notes	2.0	2.3
Investments in Short-Term Time Deposits [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Interest rate used to measure short-term time deposits	4.4	4.4

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) Swap loan	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) Swap loan	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	May 31, 2018 USD ($) loan	Sep. 23, 2016 EUR (€)
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount	$ 33,750		$ 33,750
Remaining unrecognzied gains (losses) associated with derivative instruments included in AOCI	(42,620)		$ (42,620)		$ (21,132)
2016 Note Purchase Agreements [Member]
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss [Line Items]
Issuance date			Sep. 23, 2016
Face amount | €							€ 160,000,000
Series M Notes [Member]
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss [Line Items]
Face amount | €							€ 40,000,000
Maturity date			Sep. 23, 2026
Gain (Loss) on foreign currency transaction designated as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign subsidiary	2,329	$ 650	$ 102	$ (395)
Floating-Rate Cross Currency Interest Rate Contract [Member] | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument, Economic Hedge [Member]
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount						$ 167,420
2020 Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps [Member]
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount	$ 400,000		$ 400,000
2020 Fixed-Rate Cross-Currency Swaps [Member] | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument, Economic Hedge [Member]
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount						400,000
Derivative, number of instruments | Swap	5		5
2020 Floating-Rate Cross-Currency Swap [Member]
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount	$ 45,000		$ 45,000
Fixed-Rate Cross Currency Interest Rate Contract [Member] | Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount						$ 400,000
Derivative, number of instruments | loan	5		5			5

XML

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Impact of Derivative Instruments on Earnings) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss [Line Items]
Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative	$ (20,683)	$ (7,659)	$ 277	$ 3,590
Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative	(8,892)	(45,298)	21,766	(34,004)
Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings	(20,683)	(7,262)	277	4,394
Floating-Rate Cross Currency Interest Rate Contract [Member] | Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships [Member] | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss [Line Items]
Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative	(1,660)	(2,043)	190	233
Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative	(1,401)	(1,523)	262	2,075
Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings	(1,660)	(1,646)	190	1,037
Fixed-Rate Cross Currency Interest Rate Contract [Member] | Cash Flow Hedging | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss [Line Items]
Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative	(19,023)	(5,598)	87	3,393
Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivative	(7,491)	(43,775)	21,504	(36,079)
Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings	$ (19,023)	(5,598)	$ 87	3,393
Treasury Lock | Cash Flow Hedging | Interest Expense
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss [Line Items]
Amount of (Income) Expense Recognized in Earnings on Derivative		(18)		(36)
Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Earnings		$ (18)		$ (36)

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Supplemental Statement of Cash Flows Information (Schedule of Supplemental Statement of Cash Flows Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized			$ 14,238	$ 14,146
Income taxes paid			20,843	65,283
Income tax refunds received			12,143	11,012
Non-cash activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment on account			2,040	2,325
Impact of the adoption of ASC 842				255
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans	$ 14,900	$ 14,748	$ 14,900	$ 14,748

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Sale of businesses (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020
Impairment of assets sold		$ 37,902
Disposal Groups [Member]
Non-cash impairment charge			$ 22,900
Impairment of assets sold	$ 37,902

XML

Inventories (Schedule of Inventories) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Inventory Net [Abstract]
Raw materials		$ 122,056	$ 123,626
Work in progress		92,124	92,934
Component parts	[1]	254,042	255,980
Finished goods		70,321	66,889
Customer supplied inventory		15,790	14,955
On-hand inventory for which control has transferred to the customer		132,012	116,441
Inventory, net		$ 422,321	$ 437,943

[1] Component parts include items that can be sold separately as finished goods or included in the manufacture of other products.

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Property, Plant, and Equipment (Schedule of Property Plant and Equipment, Net) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 1,657,028	$ 1,651,390
Less accumulated depreciation	(691,823)	(653,975)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	965,205	997,415
Land and Land Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	86,131	83,095
Building and Building Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	551,726	551,540
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	19,164	18,610
Machinery and Production Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	788,147	776,884
Computer Equipment and Software [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	123,001	123,903
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	41,249	41,177
Other [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	19,838	19,814
Construction in Progress [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 27,772	$ 36,367

XML

Property, Plant, and Equipment (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Net (gain) loss on sales of assets	[1]	$ 1,354	$ 10		$ 1,942	$ 13,557
Impairment of assets held for sale						37,902
Duarte Facility [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Net (gain) loss on sales of assets				$ (13,522)		$ 13,522
Disposal Groups [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Impairment of assets held for sale					$ 37,902
Disposal Groups [Member] | Plant, Property and Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Impairment of assets held for sale							$ 13,421

[1] Included in net gain on sale of assets and businesses for the six-months ended March 31, 2020 was the pre-tax gain on sale of Duarte real property in the amount of $13,522 recognized in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020.

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Property, Plant, and Equipment (Schedule of Depreciation Expense) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Property Plant And Equipment Net [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 21,919	$ 23,177	$ 44,527	$ 45,723

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Goodwill (Schedule of Goodwill) (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill, Beginning Balance	$ 808,252
Effects of Foreign Currency Translation	(278)
Goodwill, Ending Balance	807,974
Aerospace [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill, Beginning Balance	455,423
Goodwill, Ending Balance	455,423
Industrial [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill, Beginning Balance	352,829
Effects of Foreign Currency Translation	(278)
Goodwill, Ending Balance	$ 352,551

XML

Goodwill (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Disposal Groups [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Impairment charge	$ 8,640

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Intangible Assets, Net (Schedule of Finite-Lived and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	$ (356,165)	$ (399,081)
Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Intangible		516,990
Intangible Assets, Gross, Total	941,113	1,005,792
Intangible Assets, Net, Total	584,948	606,711
Customer Relationships And Contracts [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value - Finite-Lived Intangible	689,935	710,932
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	(250,338)	(253,565)
Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Intangible	439,597	457,367
Intellectual Property [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value - Finite-Lived Intangible	15,821	15,778
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	(15,775)	(15,640)
Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Intangible	46	138
Process Technology [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value - Finite-Lived Intangible	167,166	167,316
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	(89,831)	(86,256)
Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Intangible	77,335	81,060
Other Intangible Assets [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value - Finite-Lived Intangible	233	235
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	(221)	(183)
Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Intangible	12	52
Tradenames [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets	67,958	68,094
Aerospace [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	(269,016)	(260,476)
Intangible Assets, Gross, Total	358,053	358,054
Intangible Assets, Net, Total	89,037	97,578
Aerospace [Member] | Customer Relationships And Contracts [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value - Finite-Lived Intangible	281,683	281,683
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	(203,451)	(196,520)
Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Intangible	78,232	85,163
Aerospace [Member] | Process Technology [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value - Finite-Lived Intangible	76,370	76,371
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	(65,565)	(63,956)
Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Intangible	10,805	12,415
Industrial [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	(87,149)	(138,605)
Intangible Assets, Gross, Total	583,060	647,738
Intangible Assets, Net, Total	495,911	509,133
Industrial [Member] | Customer Relationships And Contracts [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value - Finite-Lived Intangible	408,252	429,249
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	(46,887)	(57,045)
Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Intangible	361,365	372,204
Industrial [Member] | Intellectual Property [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value - Finite-Lived Intangible	15,821	15,778
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	(15,775)	(15,640)
Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Intangible	46	138
Industrial [Member] | Process Technology [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value - Finite-Lived Intangible	90,796	90,945
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	(24,266)	(22,300)
Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Intangible	66,530	68,645
Industrial [Member] | Other Intangible Assets [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value - Finite-Lived Intangible	233	235
Accumulated Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible	(221)	(183)
Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Intangible	12	52
Industrial [Member] | Tradenames [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets	$ 67,958	$ 68,094

XML

Intangible Assets, Net (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Disposal Groups [Member]
Intangible Assets, Net [Line Items]
Impairment of intangible assets, Indefinite-lived	$ 200

XML

Intangible Assets, Net (Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Amortization Expense) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Intangible Assets Net Excluding Goodwill [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 10,560	$ 9,848	$ 21,029	$ 19,753

XML

Intangible Assets, Net (Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense) (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Intangible Assets Net Excluding Goodwill [Abstract]
2021 (remaining)	$ 20,668
2022	39,954
2023	38,903
2024	35,151
2025	29,937
Thereafter	352,377
Net Carrying Amount - Finite-Lived Intangible	$ 516,990

XML

Credit Facilities, Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Nov. 25, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020
Notes Payable to Banks [Member] | Series J Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowings principal payment		$ 100,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 1,000,000
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity extension	1,500,000
Outstanding borrowings	0		$ 0
Foreign Lines of Credit And Overdraft Facilities [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Short-term borrowings	$ 0		$ 0
Minimum [Member] | LIBOR [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	0.875%
Maximum [Member] | LIBOR [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	1.75%

XML

Accrued Liabilities (Accrued Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Accrued Liabilities Current [Abstract]
Salaries and other member benefits	$ 43,803		$ 50,850
Warranties	18,576	$ 21,079	18,972	$ 21,770	$ 18,927	$ 27,309
Interest payable	14,547		15,281
Accrued retirement benefits	3,013		3,051
Restructuring charges	403		3,395
Taxes, other than income	25,027		13,925
Net current contract liabilities	28,760		24,620
Other	30,221		21,700
Accrued liabilities	$ 164,350		$ 151,794

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Accrued Liabilities (Changes in Accrued Product Warranties) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Accrued Liabilities Current [Abstract]
Warranties, beginning of period	$ 21,079	$ 18,927	$ 18,972	$ 27,309
Expense, net of recoveries	(377)	8,115	1,012	3,782
Reductions for settlement of previous warranty liabilities	(1,843)	(5,177)	(1,451)	(9,454)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(283)	(95)	43	133
Warranties, end of period	$ 18,576	$ 21,770	$ 18,576	$ 21,770

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Accrued Liabilities (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Termination Plan [Member]
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and related charges	$ 23,673

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Accrued Liabilities (Changes in Restructuring Reserve Activity) (Details) - Employee Severance [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges, beginning of period	$ 3,395	$ 507
Payments	2,287	464
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	21
Non-cash activity	(726)	(43)
Restructuring charges, end of period	403
Duarte Relocation Restructuring Charge Reserve
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges, beginning of period		440
Payments		440
Industrial Turbomachinery Business Realignment [Member]
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges, beginning of period		67
Payments		24
Non-cash activity		$ (43)
Covid-19 Pandemic [Member]
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges, beginning of period	3,395
Payments	2,287
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	21
Non-cash activity	(726)
Restructuring charges, end of period	$ 403

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Other Liabilities (Schedule of Other Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Other Liabilities Noncurrent [Abstract]
Net accrued retirement benefits, less amounts recognized within accrued liabilities		$ 116,694	$ 114,013
Total unrecognized tax benefits		13,758	10,230
Noncurrent income taxes payable		16,388	18,322
Deferred economic incentives	[1]	8,594	9,105
Cross-currency swap derivative liability		71,421	51,387
Operating lease liabilities		17,178	14,569
Net noncurrent contract liabilities		376,806	366,642
Other		25,061	33,637
Other liabilities		$ 645,900	$ 617,905

[1] Woodward receives certain economic incentives from various state and local authorities related to capital expansion projects.  Such amounts are initially recorded as deferred credits and are being recognized as a reduction to pre-tax expense over the economic lives of the related capital expansion projects.

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Other (Income) Expense, Net (Schedule of Other (Income) Expense, Net) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Nonoperating Income Expense [Abstract]
Equity interest in the earnings of the JV (Note 6)		$ (3,779)	$ (4,681)	$ (6,165)	$ (7,893)
Net gain on sales of assets and businesses	[1]	(1,354)	(10)	(1,942)	(13,557)
Rent income		(393)	(324)	(743)	(575)
Net (gain) loss on investments in deferred compensation program		(2,274)	3,021	(3,257)	1,776
Other components of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit, excluding service cost and interest expense		(3,401)	(2,926)	(7,051)	(5,973)
Other		(130)	(143)	(296)	(266)
Other (income) expense, net		$ (11,331)	$ (5,063)	$ (19,454)	$ (26,488)

[1] Included in net gain on sale of assets and businesses for the six-months ended March 31, 2020 was the pre-tax gain on sale of Duarte real property in the amount of $13,522 recognized in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020.

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Other (Income) Expense, Net (Schedule of Other (Income) Expense, Net) (Parenthetical) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Net (gain) loss on sales of assets	[1]	$ 1,354	$ 10		$ 1,942	$ 13,557
Duarte Facility [Member]
Net (gain) loss on sales of assets				$ (13,522)		$ 13,522

[1] Included in net gain on sale of assets and businesses for the six-months ended March 31, 2020 was the pre-tax gain on sale of Duarte real property in the amount of $13,522 recognized in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020.

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Income Taxes (Tax Expense and Effective Tax Rate) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Earnings before income taxes	$ 78,487	$ 107,199	$ 126,071	$ 168,747
Income tax expense	$ 10,174	$ 15,881	$ 16,188	$ 24,056
Effective tax rate	13.00%	14.80%	12.80%	14.30%

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Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Gross unrecognized tax benefits	$ 13,314	$ 9,851
Unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate	7,349
Possible decrease in unrecognized tax benefits liability	$ 1,884
Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Year remaining open to tax examination	2018
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Year remaining open to tax examination	2016
Foreign Jurisdiction [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Year remaining open to tax examination	2016

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Retirement Benefits (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of years of service			2 years
Percentage of annual contribution equal to eligible prior year wages			5.00%
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans	$ 14,900	$ 14,748	$ 14,900	$ 14,748
Treasury Stock at Cost [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans, shares	128,000	124,000	128,000	124,000
Common shares issued from treasury stock for benefit plans	$ 5,358	$ 5,328	$ 5,358	$ 5,328

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Retirement Benefits (Schedule of Amount of Expense Associated with Defined Contribution Plans) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]
Company costs	$ 8,497	$ 8,910	$ 16,533	$ 17,614

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Retirement Benefits (Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Costs) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Pension Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	$ 1,168	$ 1,123	$ 2,329	$ 2,248
Interest cost	1,582	1,716	3,154	3,435
Expected return on plan assets	(4,161)	(3,794)	(8,299)	(7,713)
Amortization of: Net actuarial loss	369	617	732	1,236
Amortization of: Prior service cost	249	240	497	480
Net periodic retirement pension (benefit) cost	(793)	(98)	(1,587)	(314)
Contributions paid	675	601	1,218	1,732
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	1		1	1
Interest cost	149	196	299	391
Amortization of: Net actuarial loss	8	11	15	23
Amortization of: Prior service cost	1		1	1
Net periodic retirement pension (benefit) cost	159	207	316	416
Contributions paid - other postretirement plans	940	176	978	521
United States [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	432	415	864	830
Interest cost	1,239	1,397	2,478	2,795
Expected return on plan assets	(3,536)	(3,086)	(7,072)	(6,173)
Amortization of: Net actuarial loss	135	357	270	715
Amortization of: Prior service cost	243	234	485	468
Net periodic retirement pension (benefit) cost	(1,487)	(683)	(2,975)	(1,365)
Other Countries [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	736	708	1,465	1,418
Interest cost	343	319	676	640
Expected return on plan assets	(625)	(708)	(1,227)	(1,540)
Amortization of: Net actuarial loss	234	260	462	521
Amortization of: Prior service cost	6	6	12	12
Net periodic retirement pension (benefit) cost	694	585	1,388	1,051
Contributions paid	$ 675	$ 601	$ 1,218	$ 1,732

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Retirement Benefits (Schedule of Estimated Remaining Cash Contributions) (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Estimated future employer contributions in the current fiscal year	$ 2,135
United Kingdom | Pension Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Estimated future employer contributions in the current fiscal year	328
Germany [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Estimated future employer contributions in the current fiscal year	$ 385

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Stockholders' Equity (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			6 Months Ended
	Jan. 27, 2021	Jan. 29, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of additional shares available for future grants	1,500,000
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements			$ 15,693
Forfeiture rate, Board of Directors			0.00%
Forfeiture rate, non-Board of Directors			7.30%
Unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period			2 years 1 month 6 days
2017 Plan [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of additional shares available for future grants		1,000,000
Stock Options [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vested contractual term, in years			10 years
Vesting period, in years			4 years
Stock Options [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting rate			25.00%
2017 Authorization [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Repurchase period in years			3 years
2017 Authorization [Member] | 2017 Plan [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available for future grants			2,692,000	1,972,000
2019 Authorization [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program authorized amount					$ 13,346
Repurchase period in years			3 years
Stock repurchase program, number of shares authorized to be repurchased			0		124,000
Maximum [Member] | 2017 Authorization [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program authorized amount			$ 500,000
Maximum [Member] | 2019 Authorization [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program authorized amount			$ 500,000

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Stockholders' Equity (Schedule of Assumptions Used in Estimate of Fair Value of Stock Option Awards) (Details) - Stock Options [Member] - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted-average exercise price per share	$ 122.88	$ 127.84	$ 82.46	$ 104.91
Weighted-average grant date market value of Woodward stock	$ 122.88	$ 127.84	$ 82.46	$ 104.91
Expected term (years)		6 years 6 months
Estimated volatility		25.70%
Estimated dividend yield		0.90%
Risk-free interest rate		1.70%
Minimum [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (years)	6 years 6 months		6 years 6 months	6 years 4 months 24 days
Estimated volatility	33.90%		33.30%	25.70%
Estimated dividend yield	0.50%		0.30%	0.60%
Risk-free interest rate	0.60%		0.40%	1.60%
Maximum [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (years)	8 years 8 months 12 days		8 years 8 months 12 days	8 years 8 months 12 days
Estimated volatility	36.20%		36.20%	30.10%
Estimated dividend yield	0.60%		0.60%	0.90%
Risk-free interest rate	1.10%		1.10%	1.70%

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Stockholders' Equity (Summary of Activity for Stock Option Awards) (Details) - Stock Options [Member] - $ / shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of options, beginning balance	5,901	5,443
Options granted, Number of options	26	773
Options exercised, Number of options	(410)	(696)
Options forfeited, Number of options		(3)
Number of options, ending balance	5,517	5,517
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, beginning balance	$ 65.47	$ 62.00
Options granted, Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share	122.88	82.46
Options exercised, Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share	41.71	40.93
Options forfeited, Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		87.38
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, ending balance	$ 67.50	$ 67.50

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Stockholders' Equity (Changes in Non-vested Stock Options) (Details) - Stock Options [Member] - $ / shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Options, beginning balance	2,170	2,078
Options granted, Number of options	26	773
Options vested, Number of options	(90)	(742)
Options forfeited, Number of options		(3)
Number of Options, ending balance	2,106	2,106
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, beginning balance	$ 25.40	$ 24.69
Options granted, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share	42.45	28.22
Options vested, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share	20.66	25.19
Options forfeited, Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		25.18
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, ending balance	$ 25.81	$ 25.81

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Stockholders' Equity (Stock Options Vested, or Expected to Vest and Exercisable) (Details) - Stock Options [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options outstanding, Number of options	5,517	5,901	5,443
Options vested and exercisable, Number of options	3,423
Options vested and expected to vest, Number of options	5,425
Options outstanding, Weighted-Average Exercise Price	$ 67.50	$ 65.47	$ 62.00
Options vested and exercisable, Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share	58.05
Options vested and expected to vest, Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share	$ 67.25
Options outstanding, Weighted-Average Remaining Life in Years	6 years 4 months 24 days
Options vested and exercisable, Weighted-Average Remaining Life in Years	5 years 1 month 6 days
Options vested and expected to vest, Weighted-Average Remaining Life in Years	6 years 4 months 24 days
Options outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 293,200
Options vested and exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	214,223
Options vested and expected to vest, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 289,632

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Segment Information (Narrative) (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of Reportable Segments	2

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Segment Information (Summary of Consolidated Net Sales and Earnings by Segment) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total net sales	$ 581,321	$ 720,220	$ 1,118,940	$ 1,440,575
Interest expense, net	(7,966)	(8,280)	(16,377)	(16,802)
Consolidated earnings before income taxes	78,487	107,199	126,071	168,747
Aerospace [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total net sales	364,706	474,236	686,373	948,161
Industrial [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total net sales	216,615	245,984	432,567	492,414
Operating Segments [Member] | Aerospace [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total net sales	364,706	474,236	686,373	948,161
Segment earnings (loss)	69,008	117,638	115,474	210,549
Operating Segments [Member] | Industrial [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total net sales	216,615	245,984	432,567	492,414
Segment earnings (loss)	27,871	25,972	60,759	54,202
Unallocated Corporate [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Segment earnings (loss)	$ (10,426)	$ (28,131)	$ (33,785)	$ (79,202)

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Segment Information (Summary of Consolidated Total Assets by Segment) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Consolidated total assets	$ 4,020,772	$ 3,903,336
Property, plant and equipment, net	965,205	997,415
Other assets	279,610	265,435
Unallocated Corporate [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, net	103,949	106,380
Other assets	652,262	515,029
Aerospace [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Consolidated total assets	1,735,452	1,752,516
Industrial [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Consolidated total assets	$ 1,529,109	$ 1,529,411

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Subsequent Events (Narrative) (Details) - Subsequent Event [Member]	Apr. 28, 2021 $ / shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividend per share	$ 0.1625
Dividend, payable date	Jun. 01, 2021
Dividend, record date	May 18, 2021