A summary of common stock and treasury stock share activity is as follows:


	Common Stock		Treasury Stock			Treasury stock held for deferred compensation
Balances as of September 30, 2022		72,960		(13,207	)		(139	)
Sales of treasury stock		—		19			—
Purchase of treasury stock		—		(274	)		—
Common shares issued for benefit plans		—		2			—
Purchases of stock by deferred compensation		—		—			(1	)
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation		—		—			18
Balances as of December 31, 2022		72,960		(13,460	)		(122	)

Balances as of September 30, 2023		72,960		(13,070	)		(55	)
Sales of treasury stock		—		247			—
Purchases of stock by deferred compensation		—		—			(1	)
Distribution of stock from deferred compensation		—		—			2
Balances as of December 31, 2023		72,960		(12,823	)		(54	)

In January 2022, the Woodward board of directors (the "Board") authorized a program for the repurchase of up to $800,000 of Woodward’s outstanding shares of common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions over a two-year period ending in January 2024 (the “2022 Authorization”). During the first three months of fiscal year 2024, Woodward repurchased no shares of its common stock under the 2022 Authorization, whereas during the first three months of fiscal year 2023, Woodward repurchased 274 shares of its common stock for $26,369.

In January 2024, the Board terminated the 2022 Authorization, which was nearing expiration, and concurrently authorized a new program for the repurchase of up to $600,000 of Woodward’s outstanding shares of common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions over a three-year period ending in January 2027 (the “2024 Authorization”).

Provisions governing outstanding stock option awards, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and performance restricted stock units ("PSUs") are included in the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “2017 Plan”) and, with respect to outstanding stock options awarded in or prior to 2016, the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”).

The 2017 Plan was first approved by Woodward’s stockholders in January 2017 and is the successor plan to the 2006 Plan. The Board has delegated authority to administer the 2017 Plan to the Compensation Committee of the Board, including, but not limited to, the power to determine the recipients of awards and the terms of those awards. On January 25, 2023, Woodward’s stockholders approved an additional 500 shares of Woodward’s common stock to be made available for future grants. Under the 2017 Plan, there were approximately 2,661 shares of Woodward’s common stock available for future grants as of December 31, 2023 and 2,689 shares as of September 30, 2023.

Stock option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of Woodward’s stock at the date the grants are awarded, a ten-year term, and generally have a four-year vesting schedule at a rate of 25% per year.

The fair value of options granted is estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-valuation model. Woodward calculates the expected term, which represents the average period of time that stock options granted are expected to be outstanding, based upon historical experience of plan participants. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility using daily stock price observations. The estimated dividend yield is based upon Woodward’s historical dividend practice and the market value of its common stock. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve, for periods within the contractual life of the stock option, at the time of grant.

The following is a summary of the activity for stock option awards:


	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	Number of options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share
Beginning balance		4,842		$	80.48
Granted		6			131.66
Exercised		(235	)		71.74
Forfeited		(2	)		92.74
Ending balance		4,611		$	80.99

Changes in non-vested stock options were as follows:


	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	Number of options			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Beginning balance		1,393		$	33.96
Granted		6			61.03
Exercised		(572	)		32.37
Forfeited		(1	)		34.42
Ending balance		826		$	35.26

Information about stock options that have vested, or are expected to vest, and are exercisable at December 31, 2023 was as follows:


	Number of options		Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Life in Years		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding		4,611	$	80.99		5.4	$	254,265
Options vested and exercisable		3,753		77.96		4.8		218,292
Options vested and expected to vest		4,577		80.90		5.4		252,769

For purposes of annual grants and promotional awards, the Company grants RSUs to eligible employees under its form RSU agreement (the “Standard Form RSU Agreement”). The Company has also granted RSUs to certain employees under its form attraction and retention RSU agreement (the “Form Attraction and Retention RSU Agreement”), which has from time to time been used for new hires and specific retention purposes. RSUs granted under the Form Attraction and Retention

Agreement are generally scheduled to fully vest on the third or fourth anniversary of the respective grant dates, and in each case, subject to continued employment. RSUs granted prior to November 14, 2023, under the Standard Form RSU Agreement generally have a four-year vesting schedule at a rate of 25% per year, and RSUs to be granted thereafter under such agreement are generally expected to have a three-year vesting schedule at a rate of 33.3% per year, in each case generally subject to continued employment.

A summary of the activity for RSUs:


	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	Number of units			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance		177		$	93.46
Granted		12			131.66
Released		(19	)		85.91
Ending balance		170		$	96.95

In November 2023, the Company granted PSUs to certain employees under its form PSU agreement that generally will vest subject to a market condition and a service condition through the performance period. The market condition associated with the awards is based on the Company's relative total shareholder return ("TSR") compared to the TSR generated by the other companies that comprise the S&P 400 Midcap Index over a three-year performance period. Performance at target will result in vesting and issuance of the number of PSUs granted, equal to 100% payout. Performance below or above target can result in an issuance of between 0% - 150% of the target number of PSUs granted. Expense is recognized based on the weighted average grant date fair value on a straight line basis over the service period, irrespective as to whether the market condition is achieved.

The PSUs granted receive dividend equivalent units; therefore, no discount was applied for Woodward’s dividends.

A summary of the activity for PSUs:


	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	Number of units		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance		—	$	—
Granted		66		146.47
Forfeited		—		—
Ending balance		66	$	146.47

Woodward recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Pursuant to form stock option agreements, form RSU agreements, and form PSU agreements used by the Company, with terms approved by the administrator of the applicable plan, the requisite service period can be less than the vesting period defined in the award agreement based on grantee’s retirement eligibility. As such, the recognition of stock-based compensation expense associated with some stock option grants, RSU grants, and PSU grants can be accelerated to a period of less than the vesting period, including immediate recognition of stock-based compensation expense on the date of grant.

At December 31, 2023, there was approximately $27,881 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements, including stock options, RSUs, and PSUs. The pre-vesting forfeiture rates for purposes of determining stock-based compensation expense recognized were estimated to be 0.0% for members of the

Board and 7.3% for all others. The remaining unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years.