UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 0-26301
United Therapeutics Corporation
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware |
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52-1984749 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of |
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(I.R.S. Employer |
Incorporation or Organization) |
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Identification No.) |
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1040 Spring Street, Silver Spring, MD |
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20910 |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
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(Zip Code) |
(301) 608-9292
(Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, If Changed Since Last Report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer x |
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Accelerated filer o |
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Non-accelerated filer o |
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Smaller reporting company o |
(do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
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Emerging growth company o |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
The number of shares outstanding of the issuers common stock, par value $.01 per share, as of July 20, 2017 was 43,442,894.
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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51 |
Item 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNITED THERAPEUTICS CORPORATION
(In millions, except share data)
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June 30, |
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December 31, |
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(Unaudited) |
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Assets |
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
1,005.9 |
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$ |
1,023.0 |
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Marketable investments |
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109.3 |
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27.8 |
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Accounts receivable, no allowance for 2017 and 2016 |
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273.9 |
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214.5 |
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Inventories, net |
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114.1 |
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100.0 |
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Other current assets |
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60.5 |
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59.5 |
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Total current assets |
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1,563.7 |
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1,424.8 |
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Marketable investments |
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216.2 |
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2.3 |
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Goodwill and other intangible assets, net |
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45.8 |
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33.8 |
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Property, plant and equipment, net |
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501.9 |
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489.3 |
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Deferred tax assets, net |
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178.0 |
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178.3 |
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Other non-current assets |
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185.9 |
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197.1 |
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Total assets |
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$ |
2,691.5 |
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$ |
2,325.6 |
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Liabilities and Stockholders Equity |
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Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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$ |
126.8 |
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$ |
104.2 |
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Line of credit |
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250.0 |
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Share tracking awards plan |
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192.0 |
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194.8 |
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Other current liabilities |
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270.0 |
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33.5 |
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Total current liabilities |
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838.8 |
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332.5 |
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Non-current liabilities |
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57.4 |
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130.9 |
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Total liabilities |
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896.2 |
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463.4 |
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Commitments and contingencies |
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Temporary equity |
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19.2 |
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10.9 |
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Stockholders equity: |
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Preferred stock, par value $.01, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued |
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Series A junior participating preferred stock, par value $.01, 100,000 shares authorized, no shares issued |
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Common stock, par value $.01, 245,000,000 shares authorized, 69,768,128 and 69,340,985 shares issued, and 43,436,076 and 42,965,856 shares outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively |
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0.7 |
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0.7 |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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1,785.5 |
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1,813.5 |
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Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
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(16.6 |
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(16.8 |
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Treasury stock, 26,332,052 and 26,375,129 shares at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively |
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(2,543.8 |
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(2,379.6 |
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Retained earnings |
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2,550.3 |
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2,433.5 |
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Total stockholders equity |
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1,776.1 |
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1,851.3 |
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Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
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$ |
2,691.5 |
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$ |
2,325.6 |
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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
UNITED THERAPEUTICS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions, except per share data)
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Three Months Ended |
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Six Months Ended |
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2017 |
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2016 |
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2017 |
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2016 |
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(Unaudited) |
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(Unaudited) |
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Revenues: |
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Net product sales |
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$ |
444.6 |
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$ |
412.6 |
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$ |
815.1 |
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$ |
781.6 |
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Total revenues |
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444.6 |
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412.6 |
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815.1 |
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781.6 |
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Operating expenses: |
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Cost of product sales |
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18.9 |
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20.0 |
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33.2 |
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20.7 |
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Research and development |
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59.8 |
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35.2 |
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96.0 |
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34.8 |
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Selling, general and administrative
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67.4 |
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72.2 |
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123.8 |
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77.2 |
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Estimated loss contingency |
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210.0 |
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210.0 |
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Total operating expenses |
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356.1 |
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127.4 |
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463.0 |
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132.7 |
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Operating income |
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88.5 |
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285.2 |
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352.1 |
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648.9 |
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Other (expense) income: |
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Interest expense |
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(1.4 |
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(0.6 |
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(2.2 |
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(1.2 |
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Other, net |
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3.6 |
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1.1 |
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4.4 |
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1.9 |
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Impairment of cost method investment |
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(46.5 |
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(46.5 |
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Total other (expense) income, net |
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(44.3 |
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0.5 |
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(44.3 |
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0.7 |
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Income before income taxes |
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44.2 |
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285.7 |
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307.8 |
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649.6 |
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Income tax expense |
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(100.2 |
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(79.6 |
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(185.2 |
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(208.0 |
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Net (loss) income |
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$ |
(56.0 |
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$ |
206.1 |
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$ |
122.6 |
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$ |
441.6 |
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Net (loss) income per common share: |
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Basic |
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$ |
(1.25 |
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$ |
4.65 |
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$ |
2.74 |
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$ |
9.86 |
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Diluted |
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$ |
(1.25 |
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$ |
4.39 |
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$ |
2.68 |
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$ |
9.24 |
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Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: |
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Basic |
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44.9 |
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44.3 |
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44.7 |
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44.8 |
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Diluted |
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44.9 |
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46.9 |
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45.7 |
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47.8 |
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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
UNITED THERAPEUTICS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
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Three Months Ended |
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Six Months Ended |
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2017 |
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2016 |
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2017 |
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2016 |
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(Unaudited) |
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(Unaudited) |
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Net (loss) income |
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$ |
(56.0 |
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$ |
206.1 |
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$ |
122.6 |
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$ |
441.6 |
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Other comprehensive income: |
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Foreign currency translation gains (losses) |
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0.2 |
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(2.2 |
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0.2 |
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(1.8 |
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Defined benefit pension plan: |
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Actuarial gain (loss) arising during period, net of tax |
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7.1 |
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(0.1 |
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7.1 |
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Amortization of actuarial gain and prior service cost included in net periodic pension cost, net of tax |
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0.2 |
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0.2 |
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0.3 |
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0.4 |
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Total defined benefit pension plan, net of tax |
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0.2 |
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7.3 |
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0.2 |
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7.5 |
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Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax |
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(0.3 |
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(0.2 |
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Other comprehensive income, net of tax |
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0.1 |
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5.1 |
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0.2 |
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5.7 |
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Comprehensive (loss) income |
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$ |
(55.9 |
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$ |
211.2 |
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$ |
122.8 |
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$ |
447.3 |
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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
UNITED THERAPEUTICS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
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Six Months Ended |
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2017 |
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2016 |
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(Unaudited) |
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Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net income |
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$ |
122.6 |
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$ |
441.6 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
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Depreciation and amortization |
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15.6 |
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15.6 |
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Share-based compensation benefit |
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(21.0 |
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(143.1 |
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Impairment of cost method investment |
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46.5 |
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Estimated loss contingency |
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210.0 |
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Other |
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(9.9 |
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1.5 |
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Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation |
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(3.5 |
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Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Accounts receivable |
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(59.4 |
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(45.3 |
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Inventories |
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(14.8 |
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(8.8 |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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20.8 |
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19.8 |
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Other assets and liabilities |
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(8.9 |
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(26.3 |
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Net cash provided by operating activities |
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301.5 |
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251.5 |
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Cash flows from investing activities: |
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Purchases of property, plant and equipment |
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(36.5 |
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(14.2 |
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Purchases of held-to-maturity and other investments |
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(25.1 |
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(0.8 |
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Maturities of held-to-maturity investments |
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26.1 |
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49.6 |
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Purchases of available-for-sale investments |
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(296.5 |
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Purchase of investments held at cost |
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(25.1 |
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(7.6 |
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Purchase of investments under the equity method |
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(2.1 |
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Consolidation of variable interest entity |
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0.1 |
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Intangible assets acquired |
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(5.2 |
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Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
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(357.0 |
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19.7 |
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Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Proceeds from line of credit |
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250.0 |
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Principal payments of debt |
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(7.9 |
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Payments of debt issuance costs |
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(0.7 |
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(6.8 |
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Payments to repurchase common stock |
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(250.0 |
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(259.7 |
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Proceeds from the exercise of stock options |
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36.6 |
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5.0 |
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Issuance of stock under employee stock purchase plan |
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2.1 |
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2.2 |
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Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation |
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3.5 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
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38.0 |
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(263.7 |
) | ||
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
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0.4 |
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(1.8 |
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Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
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(17.1 |
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5.7 |
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Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |
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1,023.0 |
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831.8 |
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Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |
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$ |
1,005.9 |
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$ |
837.5 |
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Supplemental cash flow information: |
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Cash paid for interest |
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$ |
1.6 |
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$ |
0.1 |
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Cash paid for income taxes |
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$ |
157.9 |
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$ |
222.0 |
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Non-cash investing and financing activities: |
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Non-cash additions to property, plant and equipment |
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$ |
7.0 |
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$ |
3.4 |
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Issuance of common stock upon conversion of convertible notes |
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$ |
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$ |
6.1 |
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See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
UNITED THERAPEUTICS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2017
(UNAUDITED)
1. Organization and Business Description
United Therapeutics Corporation is a biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative products to address the unmet medical needs of patients with chronic and life-threatening conditions.
We have approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market the following therapies: Remodulin® (treprostinil) Injection (Remodulin), Tyvaso® (treprostinil) Inhalation Solution (Tyvaso), Adcirca® (tadalafil) Tablets (Adcirca), Orenitram® (treprostinil) Extended-Release Tablets (Orenitram) and Unituxin® (dinutuximab) Injection (Unituxin). Our only significant revenues outside the United States are derived from sales of Remodulin in Europe.
As used in these notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms we, us, our, and similar terms refer to United Therapeutics Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.
2. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for complete financial statements. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the SEC on February 22, 2017.
In our managements opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, including normal, recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly present our financial position as of June 30, 2017, statements of operations and statements of comprehensive income for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 and statements of cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for an entire year.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards Adopted During the Period
In July 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (ASU 2015-11), which requires that inventory be measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value for entities using first-in, first-out or average cost methods. ASU 2015-11 should be applied prospectively and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2017, with no material impact on our financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, CompensationStock Compensation (ASU 2016-09), which serves to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions. ASU 2016-09 includes guidance on several aspects of the accounting for share-based payments, including the income tax consequences, forfeitures and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2017. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09, we began to recognize excess tax benefits as income tax benefits on our consolidated statements of operations. Previously, we recognized such amounts in additional paid-in capital on our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, on January 1, 2017, we established an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures of share-based awards when they occur. Upon adoption, we recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment for the removal of the forfeiture estimate with respect to awards that were continuing to vest as of January 1, 2017. The adjustment resulted in a decrease to retained earnings of $5.8 million, which is net of a $3.2 million tax benefit. The guidance also requires that we classify excess tax benefits as an operating activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows, whereas we previously classified such amounts as a financing activity. These amounts are now classified as other in our cash flows from operating activities. We have adopted ASU 2016-09 on a prospective basis and, as such, prior periods have not been
adjusted, with the exception of the cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings for the removal of the forfeiture estimate, which was adopted on a modified retrospective basis. Refer to Note 7Share Tracking Awards Plans, Note 9Stockholders EquityStock Options and Note 10Income Taxes.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), and subsequent clarifying guidance (the new standard). This guidance eliminates transaction-specific and industry-specific revenue recognition guidance under current GAAP and replaces it with a principles-based approach for determining revenue recognition. This guidance requires that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in accordance with the contract. In addition, disclosure is required about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The new standard is required to be applied either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective approach) or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initial application recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective approach). The new standard is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. During the first half of 2017, we completed the review of our revenue contract portfolio. Based upon our review, we do not believe adoption of the new standard will have a material impact on the timing or measurement of our revenue. We are in the process of updating our revenue accounting policy and implementing changes to our business processes and controls in preparation for adoption of the new standard. During the second half of 2017, we will finalize our revenue-related documentation. Based on our evaluation, we will adopt the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The modified retrospective method requires companies to recognize the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustment to opening retained earnings.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial InstrumentsOverall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-01), which requires equity investments to be measured at fair value through net income. Equity investments that are accounted for under the equity method are not impacted. ASU 2016-01 provides that equity investments without readily determinable fair values can be valued at cost minus impairment using a simplified impairment assessment that utilizes qualitative assessments. ASU 2016-01 requires separate presentation of the financial assets and liabilities by category and form. ASU 2016-01 should be applied prospectively and will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is not permitted except in limited circumstances.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (ASU 2016-02), which requires that lease assets and lease liabilities be recognized on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 also requires additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures that provide the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows relating to lease arrangements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, using a modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach requires retrospective application to the earliest period presented in the respective financial statements, provides certain practical expedients related to leases that commenced prior to the effective date and allows the use of hindsight when evaluating lease options. Early adoption is permitted.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash FlowsClassification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (ASU 2016-15), which reduces existing diversity in the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statements of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income TaxesIntra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (ASU 2016-16), which requires that an entity recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. ASU 2016-16 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative adjustment in retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Early adoption is permitted.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations-Clarifying the Definition of a Business (ASU 2017-01). This update narrows the definition of a business by providing a screen to determine when an integrated set of assets and activities is not a business. The screen specifies that an integrated set of assets and activities is not a business if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired or disposed of is concentrated in a single asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. ASU 2017-01 should be applied prospectively and is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (ASU 2017-04), which simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment. A goodwill impairment will be measured by the amount by which a reporting units carrying value exceeds its fair value, with the amount of impairment not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. ASU 2017-04 is effective for goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, and must be adopted on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (ASU 2017-07), which improves the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit cost. For employers that present a measure of operating income in their statement of income, ASU 2017-07 requires employers to include only the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit cost in operating expense along with other employee compensation costs. Under ASU 2017-07, the service cost component of net benefit cost is eligible for capitalization. Additionally, this update further requires other components of net benefit cost to be included in nonoperating expenses. ASU 2017-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity is to apply the change in income statement presentation retrospectively, and the change in capitalized benefit cost is to be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted.
We are evaluating the effect of adoption of each of these accounting standards on our financial statements.
3. Investments
Available-for-Sale Investments
Marketable investments classified as available-for-sale consisted of the following (in millions):
As of June 30, 2017 |
|
Amortized |
|
Gross |
|
Fair |
| |||
U.S. government and agency securities |
|
$ |
341.9 |
|
$ |
(0.2 |
) |
$ |
341.7 |
|
Total |
|
$ |
341.9 |
|
$ |
(0.2 |
) |
$ |
341.7 |
|
Reported under the following captions on the consolidated balance sheet: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
45.2 |
| ||
Current marketable investments |
|
|
|
|
|
80.3 |
| |||
Non-current marketable investments |
|
|
|
|
|
216.2 |
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
341.7 |
|
We had no available-for-sale investments as of December 31, 2016.
The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of available-for-sale marketable investments (in millions):
|
|
June 30, 2017 |
| ||||
|
|
Amortized |
|
Fair |
| ||
Due in less than one year |
|
$ |
125.6 |
|
$ |
125.5 |
|
Due in one to two years |
|
153.2 |
|
153.1 |
| ||
Due in three to five years |
|
63.1 |
|
63.1 |
| ||
Total |
|
$ |
341.9 |
|
$ |
341.7 |
|
Held-to-Maturity and Other Investments
Our current and long-term marketable investments included $29.0 million and $30.1 million of investments classified as held-to-maturity as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The June 30, 2017 balance of held-to-maturity investments includes $25.1 million in time deposits that mature in September 2017. Marketable investments classified as held-to-maturity are comprised of government-sponsored enterprises and corporate notes and bonds. We do not intend to sell these securities, nor is it more likely than not that we will be required to sell them prior to the recovery of their amortized cost basis. Furthermore, we do not believe that these securities expose us to undue market risk or counterparty credit risk. As such, we do not consider these securities to be other than temporarily impaired.
Investments Held at Cost
As of June 30, 2017, we maintain non-controlling equity investments in privately-held companies of approximately $151.8 million in the aggregate. These investments are initially held at cost because we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over these companies and their fair values are not readily determinable. These investments are subject to a periodic impairment review and if they are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired, the investment is measured and recorded at fair value. During the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017, we made payments of $25.1 million for investments held at cost. We include our investments held at cost within other non-current assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, one of these privately-held companies sought to raise additional funding, which triggered our review of the recoverability of our investment in the company. We determined the fair value of our investment as of June 30, 2017 considering both (1) an income approach based on the companys discounted projected cash flows; and (2) a market approach based on the revenue multiples of comparable public companies. The fair value of our investment was lower than its carrying value, resulting in an impairment charge of $46.5 million. As of June 30, 2017, the adjusted carrying value of our investment in this company is $53.5 million.
In July 2017, we entered into an investment agreement with a privately-held company to purchase $30.0 million of preferred stock. The investment is expected to close during the third quarter of 2017.
Variable Interest Entity
During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, we made a $7.5 million minority investment in a privately-held company. This investment is in addition to the $151.8 million of investments discussed above under Investments Held at Cost. In addition to our investment, we entered into an exclusive license, development and commercialization agreement (the License Agreement) with this company. The License Agreement entitles us to certain control rights that require us to consolidate the balance sheet and results of operations of this company. The control rights relate to additional research and development funding that we may provide to this company over a period of six years. Additionally, we are entitled to representation on a joint development committee that approves the companys use of funding provided by us. During the quarter ended June 30, 2017 we provided $5.2 million of financial support to the company. We have the right, at any time and for any reason, to cease our funding of this companys activities.
As of June 30, 2017, our consolidated balance sheet included $11.6 million of cash maintained by this company that can only be used to settle its obligations. Additionally, our consolidated balance sheets included an $8.9 million in-process research and development intangible asset, $3.4 million of goodwill and $8.3 million of preferred stock due to the consolidation of this company. The preferred stock is recorded in temporary equity on the consolidated balance sheets. During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, this company incurred a net loss of $0.7 million. Any current or potential creditors of this company have no recourse against our assets and general credit.
4. Fair Value Measurements
We account for certain assets and liabilities at fair value and classify these assets within a fair value hierarchy (Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3). Our other current assets and our current liabilities have fair values that approximate their carrying values. Assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements are as follows (in millions):
|
|
As of June 30, 2017 |
| ||||||||||
|
|
Level 1 |
|
Level 2 |
|
Level 3 |
|
Balance |
| ||||
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Money market funds(1) |
|
$ |
579.0 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
579.0 |
|
Time deposits(2) |
|
|
|
25.1 |
|
|
|
25.1 |
| ||||
U.S. government and agency securities(2) |
|
|
|
341.7 |
|
|
|
341.7 |
| ||||
Corporate debt securities(2) |
|
|
|
3.9 |
|
|
|
3.9 |
| ||||
Total assets |
|
$ |
579.0 |
|
$ |
370.7 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
949.7 |
|
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Contingent consideration(3) |
|
|
|
|
|
10.4 |
|
10.4 |
| ||||
Total liabilities |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
10.4 |
|
$ |
10.4 |
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2016 |
| ||||||||||
|
|
Level 1 |
|
Level 2 |
|
Level 3 |
|
Balance |
| ||||
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Money market funds(1) |
|
$ |
534.4 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
534.4 |
|
U.S. government and agency securities(2) |
|
|
|
19.3 |
|
|
|
19.3 |
| ||||
Corporate debt securities(2) |
|
|
|
10.8 |
|
|
|
10.8 |
| ||||
Total assets |
|
$ |
534.4 |
|
$ |
30.1 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
564.5 |
|
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Contingent consideration(3) |
|
|
|
|
|
10.4 |
|
10.4 |
| ||||
Total liabilities |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
10.4 |
|
$ |
10.4 |
|
(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(2) Included in cash equivalents and current and non-current marketable investments on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of these securities is principally measured or corroborated by trade data for identical securities in which related trading activity is not sufficiently frequent to be considered a Level 1 input or comparable securities that are more actively traded.
(3) Included in non-current liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of contingent consideration has been estimated using probability-weighted discounted cash flow models (DCFs). The DCFs incorporate Level 3 inputs including estimated discount rates that we believe market participants would consider relevant in pricing and the projected timing and amount of cash flows, which are estimated and developed, in part, based on the requirements specific to each acquisition agreement.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of their short maturities. The fair values of our marketable investments are reported above within the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Note 3Investments.
5. Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value and consist of the following, net of reserves (in millions):
|
|
June 30, |
|
December 31, |
| ||
Raw materials |
|
$ |
29.1 |
|
$ |
25.4 |
|
Work-in-progress |
|
23.4 |
|
24.9 |
| ||
Finished goods |
|
61.6 |
|
49.7 |
| ||
Total inventories |
|
$ |
114.1 |
|
$ |
100.0 |
|
6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets comprise the following (in millions):
|
|
As of June 30, 2017 |
|
As of December 31, 2016 |
| ||||||||||||||
|
|
Gross |
|
Accumulated |
|
Net |
|
Gross |
|
Accumulated |
|
Net |
| ||||||
Goodwill |
|
$ |
13.7 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
13.7 |
|
$ |
10.3 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
10.3 |
|
Other intangible assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Technology, patents and trade names |
|
6.5 |
|
(4.8 |
) |
1.7 |
|
6.5 |
|
(4.8 |
) |
1.7 |
| ||||||
In-process research and development |
|
30.4 |
|
|
|
30.4 |
|
21.5 |
|
|
|
21.5 |
| ||||||
Customer relationships and non-compete agreements |
|
4.3 |
|
(4.3 |
) |
|
|
4.3 |
|
(4.0 |
) |
0.3 |
| ||||||
Total |
|
$ |
54.9 |
|
$ |
(9.1 |
) |
$ |
45.8 |
|
$ |
42.6 |
|
$ |
(8.8 |
) |
$ |
33.8 |
|
7. Share Tracking Awards Plans
We previously issued awards under the United Therapeutics Corporation Share Tracking Awards Plan, adopted in June 2008 (2008 STAP) and the United Therapeutics Corporation 2011 Share Tracking Awards Plan, adopted in March 2011 (2011 STAP). We refer to the 2008 STAP and the 2011 STAP collectively as the STAP and awards granted and/or outstanding under either of these plans as STAP awards. STAP awards convey the right to receive in cash an amount equal to the appreciation of our common stock, which is measured as the increase in the closing price of our common stock between the dates of grant and exercise. STAP awards expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date, and in most cases they vest in equal increments on each anniversary of the grant date over a four-year period. The STAP liability includes vested awards and awards that are expected to vest. We recognize expense for awards that are expected to vest during the vesting period. We discontinued the issuance of STAP awards in June 2015.
The aggregate STAP liability balance was $193.4 million and $268.9 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, of which $1.4 million and $74.1 million, respectively, has been classified as other non-current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets based on the vesting terms of the underlying STAP awards. The decrease in the STAP liability classified as non-current liabilities is primarily due to a tranche of STAP awards with a fair value of $68.5 million at June 30, 2017 that is expected to vest within one year, and therefore is now classified as a current liability.
Estimating the fair value of STAP awards requires the use of certain inputs that can materially impact the determination of fair value and the amount of compensation expense (benefit) we recognize. Inputs used in estimating fair value include the price of our common stock, the expected volatility of the price of our common stock, the risk-free interest rate, the expected term of STAP awards and the expected dividend yield. The fair value of outstanding STAP awards is measured at the end of each financial reporting period because the awards are settled in cash. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09, we established an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures of share-based awards when they occur. Upon adoption, we recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment for the removal of the forfeiture estimate with respect to awards that were continuing to vest as of January 1, 2017. The adjustment resulted in an increase to our STAP liability of $8.4 million and a
corresponding decrease to retained earnings of $5.4 million, which is net of tax. Refer to Note 2Basis of PresentationRecently Issued Accounting Standards.
The table below includes the weighted-average assumptions used to measure the fair value of the outstanding STAP awards:
|
|
June 30, |
|
June 30, |
|
Expected volatility |
|
35.5 |
% |
36.9 |
% |
Risk-free interest rate |
|
1.4 |
% |
0.7 |
% |
Expected term of awards (in years) |
|
2.1 |
|
3.0 |
|
Expected dividend yield |
|
0.0 |
% |
0.0 |
% |
The closing price of our common stock was $129.73 and $105.92 on June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively. The closing price of our common stock was $143.43 on December 31, 2016.
A summary of the activity and status of STAP awards during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 is presented below:
|
|
Number of |
|
Weighted |
|
Weighted |
|
Aggregate |
| ||
Outstanding at January 1, 2017 |
|
5,113,838 |
|
$ |
91.51 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Granted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Exercised |
|
(631,922 |
) |
72.28 |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Forfeited |
|
(106,677 |
) |
106.77 |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Outstanding at June 30, 2017 |
|
4,375,239 |
|
$ |
93.91 |
|
6.1 |
|
$ |
197.3 |
|
Exercisable at June 30, 2017 |
|
2,650,832 |
|
$ |
95.81 |
|
5.9 |
|
$ |
114.6 |
|
Unvested as of June 30, 2017 |
|
1,724,407 |
|
$ |
91.00 |
|
6.3 |
|
$ |
82.7 |
|
Share-based compensation benefit recognized in connection with STAP awards is as follows (in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
|
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
| ||||
Cost of product sales |
|
$ |
(0.9 |
) |
$ |
(0.2 |
) |
$ |
(2.6 |
) |
$ |
(12.2 |
) |
Research and development |
|
(2.9 |
) |
(2.3 |
) |
(8.7 |
) |
(39.7 |
) | ||||
Selling, general and administrative |
|
(11.1 |
) |
(11.9 |
) |
(28.2 |
) |
(110.4 |
) | ||||
Share-based compensation benefit before taxes |
|
$ |
(14.9 |
) |
$ |
(14.4 |
) |
$ |
(39.5 |
) |
$ |
(162.3 |
) |
Related income tax expense |
|
5.5 |
|
7.4 |
|
14.5 |
|
59.7 |
| ||||
Share-based compensation benefit, net of taxes |
|
$ |
(9.4 |
) |
$ |
(7.0 |
) |
$ |
(25.0 |
) |
$ |
(102.6 |
) |
Cash paid to settle STAP awards exercised during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 was $44.5 million and $30.4 million, respectively.
8. Debt
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
In January 2016, we entered into a credit agreement (the 2016 Credit Agreement) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (Wells Fargo), as administrative agent and a swingline lender, and various other lender parties, providing for an unsecured revolving credit facility of up to $1.0 billion. In accordance with the terms of the 2016 Credit Agreement, in January 2017 we extended the maturity date of the 2016 Credit Agreement by one year, to January 2022.
At our option, amounts borrowed under the 2016 Credit Agreement bear interest at either the LIBOR rate or a fluctuating base rate, in each case, plus an applicable margin determined on a quarterly basis based on our consolidated ratio of total indebtedness to EBITDA (as calculated in accordance with the 2016 Credit Agreement).
On June 1, 2017, we borrowed $250.0 million under this facility and used the funds to initiate an accelerated share repurchase program. Refer to Note 9Stockholders EquityShare Repurchases. Although our credit facility matures in 2022, we classified the debt as a current liability on our consolidated balance sheet as we intend to repay the borrowed amount within one year. We elected to have interest on this draw calculated at LIBOR plus an applicable margin. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, we recorded $0.6 million in interest expense related to the borrowing.
The 2016 Credit Agreement contains customary events of default and customary affirmative and negative covenants. As of June 30, 2017, we were in compliance with such covenants. Lung Biotechnology PBC is our only subsidiary that guarantees our obligations under the 2016 Credit Agreement though, from time to time, one or more of our other subsidiaries may be required to guarantee such obligations.
Convertible Notes and Warrant Transactions
In October 2011, we issued $250.0 million in aggregate principal value 1.0 percent Convertible Senior Notes due September 15, 2016 (Convertible Notes). Upon maturity of the Convertible Notes in September 2016, we fulfilled all remaining settlement and repayment obligations.
In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, we sold to Deutsche Bank AG London (DB London) warrants to acquire up to approximately 5.2 million shares of our common stock at a strike price of $67.56 per share. The warrants expired incrementally on a series of expiration dates during December 2016 and January 2017. The warrants were settled on a net-share basis. As the price of our common stock exceeded the strike price of the warrants on the series of related incremental expiration dates, we delivered 2.8 million shares of common stock previously held as treasury stock to DB London, including 1.7 million shares that were delivered during the first quarter of 2017.
9. Stockholders Equity
Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, adjusted for the potential dilutive effect of other securities if such securities were converted or exercised. The components of basic and diluted earnings per common share comprised the following (in millions, except per share amounts):
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
|
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
| ||||
Numerator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Net (loss) income |
|
$ |
(56.0 |
) |
$ |
206.1 |
|
$ |
122.6 |
|
$ |
441.6 |
|
Denominator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Weighted average outstanding shares basic |
|
44.9 |
|
44.3 |
|
44.7 |
|
44.8 |
| ||||
Effect of dilutive securities(1): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Warrants |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
0.1 |
|
2.3 |
| ||||
Stock options, restricted stock units and employee stock purchase plan |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
0.9 |
|
0.6 |
| ||||
Convertible notes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1 |
| ||||
Weighted average shares diluted(2) |
|
44.9 |
|
46.9 |
|
45.7 |
|
47.8 |
| ||||
Net (loss) income per common share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Basic |
|
$ |
(1.25 |
) |
$ |
4.65 |
|
$ |
2.74 |
|
$ |
9.86 |
|
Diluted |
|
$ |
(1.25 |
) |
$ |
4.39 |
|
$ |
2.68 |
|
$ |
9.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Stock options, convertible notes and warrants excluded from calculation(2) |
|
4.5 |
|
6.5 |
|
2.8 |
|
5.3 |
|
(1) Calculated using the treasury stock method.
(2) Certain stock options and warrants have been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their impact would be anti-dilutive for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016. Additionally, certain convertible notes were excluded for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2016. Under our convertible note hedge agreement, we were entitled to receive shares required to be issued to investors upon conversion of our Convertible Notes. Since related shares used to compute dilutive earnings per share would be anti-dilutive, they have been excluded from the calculation above.
Equity Incentive Plans
As of June 30, 2017, we have two shareholder-approved equity incentive plans: the United Therapeutics Corporation Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan (the 1999 Plan) and the United Therapeutics Corporation 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2015 Plan). The 2015 Plan was approved by our shareholders in June 2015 and provides for the issuance of up to 6,150,000 shares of our common stock pursuant to awards granted under the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan is a broad-based stock incentive plan enabling us to grant stock options and other forms of equity compensation to our employees and non-employee directors. As a result of the approval of the 2015 Plan, no further awards will be granted under the 1999 Plan. During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, we granted 1.9 million and 1.6 million stock options under the 2015 Plan, respectively.
Stock Options
We estimate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model, which requires us to make certain assumptions that can materially impact the estimation of fair value and related compensation expense. The assumptions used to estimate fair value include the price of our common stock, the expected volatility of our common stock, the risk-free interest rate, the expected term of stock option awards and the expected dividend yield. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09, we established an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures of share-based awards when they occur. Upon adoption, we recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment for the removal of the forfeiture estimate with respect to awards that were continuing to vest as of January 1, 2017. The adjustment resulted in a decrease to retained earnings of $0.4 million, which is net of a $0.2 million tax benefit. Refer to Note 2Basis of PresentationRecently Issued Accounting Standards.
In March 2017, we began issuing stock options with performance conditions under the 2015 Plan to certain executives. The awards have vesting conditions tied to the achievement of specified performance conditions. The performance conditions
have target performance levels that span from one to three years. Upon the conclusion of the performance period, the performance level achieved will be measured and the ultimate number of shares that may vest will be determined. Share-based compensation expense for these awards is recorded ratably over their vesting period, depending on the specific terms of the award and achievement of the specified performance conditions. In total, we granted 0.9 million stock options with performance conditions with a total grant date fair value of $53.9 million based on achievement of target performance levels. We recorded $5.5 million in share-based compensation expense related to these awards for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017.
The table below includes the weighted-average assumptions used to measure the fair value of the stock options granted during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016:
|
|
June 30, |
|
June 30, |
|
Expected volatility |
|
35.7 |
% |
34.8 |
% |
Risk-free interest rate |
|
2.2 |
% |
1.6 |
% |
Expected term of awards (in years) |
|
6.1 |
|
5.8 |
|
Expected dividend yield |
|
0.0 |
% |
0.0 |
% |
A summary of the activity and status of stock options under our equity incentive plans during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 is presented below:
|
|
Number of |
|
Weighted- |
|
Weighted |
|
Aggregate |
| ||
Outstanding at January 1, 2017 |
|
4,459,291 |
|
$ |
104.97 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Granted |
|
1,947,293 |
|
145.82 |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Exercised |
|
(387,976 |
) |
94.31 |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Forfeited/canceled |
|
(53,981 |
) |
131.10 |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Outstanding at June 30, 2017 |
|
5,964,627 |
|
$ |
118.76 |
|
7.5 |
|
$ |
103.9 |
|
Exercisable at June 30, 2017 |
|
3,151,731 |
|
$ |
101.87 |
|
5.9 |
|
$ |
94.9 |
|
Unvested as of June 30, 2017 |
|
2,812,896 |
|
$ |
137.70 |
|
9.4 |
|
$ |
9.0 |
|
The weighted average fair value of a stock option granted during each of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, was $56.12 and $42.48, respectively. These stock options have an aggregate grant date fair value of $109.3 million and $67.7 million, respectively. The total fair value of stock options that vested during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 was $12.9 million and $5.5 million, respectively.
Stock option exercise data is summarized below (dollars in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
|
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
| ||||
Number of options exercised |
|
53,911 |
|
73,436 |
|
387,976 |
|
154,541 |
| ||||
Cash received |
|
$ |
3.6 |
|
$ |
2.4 |
|
$ |
36.6 |
|
$ |
5.0 |
|
Total intrinsic value of options exercised |
|
$ |
3.2 |
|
$ |
5.8 |
|
$ |
23.5 |
|
$ |
13.4 |
|
Total share-based compensation expense relating to stock options is as follows (in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Six Months Ended |
| ||||||||
|
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
| ||||
Cost of product sales |
|
$ |
0.3 |
|
$ |
0.1 |
|
$ |
0.5 |
|
$ |
0.2 |
|
Research and development |
|
1.1 |
|
0.4 |
|
1.6 |
|
0.5 |
| ||||
Selling, general and administrative |
|
10.8 |
|
14.8 |
|
14.7 |
|
17.7 |
| ||||
Share-based compensation expense before taxes |
|
12.2 |
|
15.3 |
|
16.8 |
|
18.4 |
| ||||
Related income tax benefit |
|
(4.5 |
) |
(5.7 |
) |
(6.2 |
) |
(6.8 |
) | ||||
Share-based compensation expense, net of taxes |
|
$ |
7.7 |
|
$ |
9.6 |
|
$ |
10.6 |
|
$ |
11.6 |
|
As of June 30, 2017, unrecognized compensation cost was $124.8 million. Unvested outstanding stock options as of June 30, 2017 had a weighted average remaining vesting period of 2.8 years.
Restricted Stock Units
In June 2016, we began issuing restricted stock units under the 2015 Plan to our non-employee directors. Each restricted stock unit entitles the director to receive one share of our common stock upon vesting, subject to the directors election to defer receipt of shares to a later date. We measure the fair value of restricted stock units using the stock price on the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense for the restricted stock units is recorded ratably over their one year vesting period. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we granted 17,820 restricted stock units under the 2015 Plan with a weighted average grant date fair value of $132.30. The restricted stock units have an aggregate grant date fair value of $2.4 million. We recorded $1.0 million and $0.1 million in share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively. The share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units granted is reflected in selling, general and administrative expense on our statements of operations.
As of June 30, 2017, unrecognized compensation cost related to the grant of restricted stock units was $2.3 million. Unvested outstanding restricted stock units as of June 30, 2017 had a weighted average remaining vesting period of one year.
Share Repurchase
In April 2017, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing up to $250.0 million in aggregate repurchases of our common stock (Repurchase Program). Pursuant to this authorization, in May 2017, we paid $250.0 million to enter into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (ASR) with Citibank, N.A. (Citibank). Under the ASR, we will repurchase a variable number of our shares subject to upper and lower stock price limits that establish the minimum and maximum number of shares that can be repurchased. The final number of shares we repurchase under the ASR will be determined based on the average of the daily volume weighted average price of our common stock over a specified period ending on the contract termination date. The ASR is scheduled to terminate during the fourth quarter of 2017; however, Citibank can accelerate termination of the agreement at its option. Pursuant to the terms of the ASR, in June 2017, Citibank delivered to us approximately 1.7 million shares of our common stock, representing the minimum number of shares we are entitled to receive under the ASR. Upon settlement of the ASR, we may receive additional shares of our common stock.
10. Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate (ETR) for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 was 60 percent and 32 percent, respectively. Our 2017 ETR increased compared to 2016 primarily due to the following expenses incurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2017 that do not currently meet the criteria for deductibility: (1) a $210.0 million loss contingency accrual; and (2) a $46.5 million impairment charge related to one of our investments held at cost.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, we recorded a $210 million accrual relating to an ongoing investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice. This accrual does not currently meet the more likely than not standard for tax deductibility; therefore, we have recognized no tax benefit for it in the financial statements. The impact of this accrual on our ETR as of June 30, 2017 is 23 percent and the anticipated impact on our ETR for 2017 is 10 percent. Due to the uncertainty around the ultimate outcome of the matter, it is possible that some or all of this accrual may meet the more likely than not standard in the future, at which time the benefit would be recognized. Refer to Note 12 Litigation.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, we recorded a $46.5 million impairment charge related to one of our investments held at cost. The impairment charge is not currently deductible for tax purposes, so we have recorded a deferred tax asset of $17.4 million. We evaluated potential future sources of income of the appropriate character to determine whether the deferred tax asset was realizable and have not found sufficient sources of capital gains to offset the deferred tax asset. Therefore, the deferred tax asset must be fully reserved with a valuation allowance. The impact of this valuation allowance on our ETR as of June 30, 2017 is 5 percent and the anticipated impact on our ETR for 2017 is 2 percent.
We are subject to federal and state taxation in the United States as well as various foreign jurisdictions. We are no longer subject to income tax examinations by the Internal Revenue Service and substantially all other major jurisdictions for tax years prior to 2011.
As of both June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, our uncertain tax positions were $0.5 million. Unrecognized tax benefits as of both June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, included $0.3 million of tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact our ETR. We record interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. As of June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, we have not accrued any interest expense related to uncertain tax positions. We are unaware of any positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months.
As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017, we established an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures of share-based awards when they occur. Upon adoption, we recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment for the removal of the forfeiture estimate with respect to awards that were continuing to vest as of January 1, 2017. The adjustment resulted in a $3.2 million tax benefit to reduce retained earnings.
Additionally, we now recognize excess tax benefits as income tax benefits on our consolidated statements of operations. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2017, we recognized excess tax benefits of $3.5 million, partially offsetting income tax expenses on our consolidated statements of operations. Previously, we recognized such amounts in additional paid-in capital on our consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 2Basis of PresentationRecently Issued Accounting Standards.
11. Segment Information
We currently operate as one operating segment with a focus on the development and commercialization of products to address the unmet needs of patients with chronic and life-threatening conditions. Our Chief Executive Officer, as our chief operating decision maker, manages and allocates resources to the operations of our company on a consolidated basis. This enables our Chief Executive Officer to assess the overall level of resources available and how to best deploy these resources across functions, therapeutic areas, and research and development projects that are in line with our long-term company-wide strategic goals.
Net product sales, cost of product sales and gross profit for each of our commercial products were as follows (in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
| ||||||||||||||||
2017 |
|
Remodulin |
|
Tyvaso |
|
Adcirca |
|
Orenitram |
|
Unituxin |
|
Total |
| ||||||
Net product sales |
|
$ |
157.7 |
|
$ |
104.2 |
|
$ |
120.6 |
|
$ |
46.0 |
|
$ |
16.1 |
|
$ |
444.6 |
|
Cost of product sales |
|
3.9 |
|
2.9 |
|
6.7 |
|
4.0 |
|
1.4 |
|
18.9 |
| ||||||
Gross profit |
|
$ |
153.8 |
|
$ |
101.3 |
|
$ |
113.9 |
|
$ |
42.0 |
|
$ |
14.7 |
|
$ |
425.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Net product sales |
|
$ |
158.9 |
|
$ |
107.0 |
|
$ |
90.9 |
|
$ |
38.0 |
|
$ |
17.8 |
|
$ |
412.6 |
|
Cost of product sales |
|
3.0 |
|
6.3 |
|
5.2 |
|
3.1 |
|
2.4 |
|
20.0 |
| ||||||
Gross profit |
|
$ |
155.9 |
|
$ |
100.7 |
|
$ |
85.7 |
|
$ |
34.9 |
|
$ |
15.4 |
|
$ |
392.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
| ||||||||||||||||
2017 |
|
Remodulin |
|
Tyvaso |
|
Adcirca |
|
Orenitram |
|
Unituxin |
|
Total |
| ||||||
Net product sales |
|
$ |
303.5 |
|
$ |
191.6 |
|
$ |
200.6 |
|
$ |
85.3 |
|
$ |
34.1 |
|
$ |
815.1 |
|
Cost of product sales |
|
5.9 |
|
5.7 |
|
11.3 |
|
6.8 |
|
3.5 |
|
33.2 |
| ||||||
Gross profit |
|
$ |
297.6 |
|
$ |
185.9 |
|
$ |
189.3 |
|
$ |
78.5 |
|
$ |
30.6 |
|
$ |
781.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Net product sales |
|
$ |
298.7 |
|
$ |
209.2 |
|
$ |
163.5 |
|
$ |
78.2 |
|
$ |
32.0 |
|
$ |
781.6 |
|
Cost of product sales |
|
0.6 |
|
7.1 |
|
9.5 |
|
2.7 |
|
0.8 |
|
20.7 |
| ||||||
Gross profit |
|
$ |
298.1 |
|
$ |
202.1 |
|
$ |
154.0 |
|
$ |
75.5 |
|
$ |
31.2 |
|
$ |
760.9 |
|
12. Litigation
Watson Laboratories, Inc.
In June 2015, we received a Paragraph IV certification notice letter from Watson Laboratories, Inc. (Watson) indicating that Watson has submitted an abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) to the FDA to market a generic version of Tyvaso. In its notice letter, Watson states that it intends to market a generic version of Tyvaso before the expiration of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,521,212 and 6,756,033, each of which expires in November 2018; and U.S. Patent No. 8,497,393, which expires in December 2028. Watsons notice letter states that the ANDA contains a Paragraph IV certification alleging that these patents are not valid, not enforceable, and/or will not be infringed by the commercial manufacture, use or sale of the proposed product described in Watsons ANDA submission. We responded to the Watson notice letter by filing a lawsuit in July 2015 against Watson in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,521,212, 6,756,033, and 8,497,393. Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, the FDA is automatically precluded from approving Watsons ANDA for up to 30 months from receipt of Watsons notice letter or until the issuance of a U.S. District Court decision that is adverse to us, whichever occurs first. In September 2015, Watson filed (1) a motion to dismiss some, but not all, counts of the complaint; (2) its answer to our complaint; and (3) certain counterclaims against us. The Court granted Watsons motion to dismiss certain counts of our complaint. In September 2015, we filed our answer to Watsons counterclaims. In June 2016, Watson sent us a second Paragraph IV certification notice letter addressing two new patents, U.S. Patent Nos. 9,339,507 (the 507 patent) and 9,358,240 (the 240 patent), which expire in March and May 2028, respectively. In June 2016, we filed an amended complaint
against Watson asserting these two additional patents. The parties have completed discovery, and trial on all of the asserted patents is currently scheduled to take place in September 2017.
In June 2017, Watson filed petitions with the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for inter partes review (IPR), seeking to invalidate the 507 patent and 240 patent. We have approximately three months to file a preliminary response to the petitions, and thereafter, the PTAB has three months to decide whether to institute IPR proceedings.
We intend to vigorously enforce our intellectual property rights relating to Tyvaso.
Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc.
In February 2016, we received a Paragraph IV certification notice letter (the First Actavis Notice Letter) from Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc. (Actavis) indicating that Actavis has submitted an ANDA to the FDA to market a generic version of the 2.5 mg strength of Orenitram. The First Actavis Notice Letter states that Actavis intends to market a generic version of the 2.5 mg strength of Orenitram before the expiration of the following patents, all of which are listed in the Orange Book:
U.S. Patent No. |
|
Expiration Date |
8,252,839 |
|
May 2024 |
9,050,311 |
|
May 2024 |
7,544,713 |
|
July 2024 |
7,417,070 |
|
July 2026 |
8,497,393 |
|
December 2028 |
8,747,897 |
|
October 2029 |
8,410,169 |
|
February 2030 |
8,349,892 |
|
January 2031 |
The First Actavis Notice Letter states that the ANDA contains a Paragraph IV certification alleging that these patents are not valid, not enforceable, and/or will not be infringed by the commercial manufacture, use or sale of the proposed product described in Actavis ANDA submission. We responded to the First Actavis Notice Letter by filing a lawsuit (the First Actavis Action) against Actavis in March 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging infringement of each of the patents noted above and one additional patent, U.S. Patent No. 9,278,901 (the 901 patent), which expires in May 2024 and is also now listed in the Orange Book. Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, the FDA is automatically precluded from approving Actavis ANDA with respect to the 2.5 mg strength of Orenitram for up to 30 months from receipt of Actavis notice letter or until the issuance of a U.S. District Court decision that is adverse to us with respect to all of the eight patents listed in the table above, whichever occurs first. In June 2016, we filed an amended complaint against Actavis, Actavis filed its answer and counterclaims to that amended complaint, and we filed our answer to those counterclaims.
In May 2016, we received a second Paragraph IV certification notice letter from Actavis (the Second Actavis Notice Letter) indicating that Actavis has amended its ANDA to include its generic version of the 0.25 mg and 1.0 mg strengths of Orenitram, in addition to the 2.5 mg strength identified in the First Actavis Notice Letter. We responded to the Second Actavis Notice Letter by filing an additional lawsuit against Actavis (the Second Actavis Action) in June 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging infringement of the same patents asserted in the First Actavis Action. The Second Actavis Action triggered an additional 30-month stay with respect to the 0.25 mg and 1.0 mg strengths. Specifically, the FDA is automatically precluded from approving Actavis ANDA with respect to the 0.25 mg and 1.0 mg strengths of Orenitram for up to 30 months from receipt of the Second Actavis Notice Letter or until the issuance of a U.S. District Court decision that is adverse to us with respect to all of the nine patents noted above, whichever occurs first.
We filed a second amended complaint against Actavis in September 2016, to allege infringement of two patents that were not issued and listed in the Orange Book at the time of the First and Second Actavis Notice Letters, but are now listed: U.S. Patent Nos. 9,393,203, which expires in April 2026, and 9,422,223, which expires in May 2024.
The Court has consolidated the First Actavis Action and the Second Actavis Action. The parties are currently engaged in discovery, and trial on all patents is scheduled for February 2018.
We intend to vigorously enforce our intellectual property rights relating to Orenitram.
SteadyMed Ltd.
In October 2015, SteadyMed Ltd. (SteadyMed) filed an IPR petition with the PTAB seeking to invalidate U.S. Patent No. 8,497,393 (the 393 Patent), which expires in December 2028 and covers a method of making treprostinil, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Remodulin, Tyvaso and Orenitram. The 393 Patent was also the subject of now-settled litigation with generic companies relating to ANDAs to market generic versions of Remodulin, and remains the subject of our pending litigation with Watson and Actavis, described above. In June 2017, SteadyMed submitted a New Drug Application to FDA seeking approval of a product called Trevyent®, which is a single-use, pre-filled pump intended to deliver a two-day supply of treprostinil subcutaneously using its PatchPump® technology.
In March 2017, the PTAB issued a Final Written Decision in this matter, finding that all claims of the 393 patent are not patentable. In May 2017, we appealed the PTABs decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The 393 patent remains valid and enforceable until appeals have been exhausted.
We intend to continue vigorously defending the 393 patent.
Department of Justice Subpoena
In May 2016, we received a subpoena from the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) requesting documents regarding our support of 501(c)(3) organizations that provide financial assistance to patients. Other companies have received similar inquiries. The DOJ is investigating whether that support may violate the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute and the Federal False Claims Act. Although we believe that we would successfully defend any action the DOJ might bring, we are engaged in settlement negotiations with the DOJ as part of our efforts to resolve the matter. However, we cannot provide assurances that our efforts to reach a settlement with the DOJ will be successful or, if they are, what the timing or terms of any such settlement would be. We expect any such settlement would include a settlement payment to the government, and it may also include non-monetary obligations, such as our entering into a corporate integrity agreement (CIA). We may be required to incur significant future costs to comply with the CIA. If we do not reach a settlement with the DOJ, we may incur material losses in connection with the defense or resolution of any subsequent litigation with the government. During the second quarter of 2017, we recorded a $210.0 million accrual relating to this matter. The accrual was recorded in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and as an operating expense on the consolidated statements of operations. We are unable to estimate the amount of reasonably possible losses in excess of the amount accrued because resolution of this matter through settlement is subject to a range of complex factors. Any actions taken by the DOJ, including settlement, could result in negative publicity or otherwise harm our reputation, reduce demand for our products and/or reduce coverage of our products, including by federal health care programs such as Medicare and Medicaid and state health care programs. If any or all of these events occur, our business, prospects and stock price could be materially and adversely affected. Because matters such as this are inherently unpredictable, the ultimate outcome of this matter, including the amount of any loss, may differ materially from our estimate.
Item 2. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, and the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act) and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including the statements listed in the section below entitled Part II, Item 1ARisk Factors. These statements are based on our beliefs and expectations about future outcomes, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from anticipated results. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those described in Part II, Item 1ARisk Factors of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q; factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, under the section entitled Part I, Item 1ARisk FactorsForward-Looking Statements; and factors described in other cautionary statements, cautionary language and risk factors set forth in other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We undertake no obligation to publicly update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Overview of Marketed Products
We currently market and sell the following commercial products:
· Remodulin® (treprostinil) Injection (Remodulin). Remodulin, a continuously-infused formulation of the prostacyclin analogue treprostinil, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for subcutaneous (under the skin) and intravenous (in the vein) administration. Prostacyclin analogues are stable synthetic forms of prostacyclin, an important molecule produced by the body that has powerful effects on blood vessel health and function. Remodulin is indicated to diminish symptoms associated with exercise in patients with World Health Organization (WHO) Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Remodulin has also been approved in various countries outside of the United States.
· Tyvaso® (treprostinil) Inhalation Solution (Tyvaso). Tyvaso, an inhaled formulation of treprostinil, is approved by the FDA to improve exercise ability in PAH patients.
· Orenitram® (treprostinil) Extended-Release Tablets (Orenitram). Orenitram, a tablet dosage form of treprostinil, is approved by the FDA to improve exercise capacity in PAH patients.
· Adcirca® (tadalafil) Tablets (Adcirca). We acquired exclusive commercialization rights to Adcirca, an oral PDE-5 inhibitor therapy for PAH, in the United States from Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly). PDE-5 inhibitors inhibit the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in cells. Cyclic GMP is activated by nitric oxide (NO), a naturally occurring substance in the body that mediates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Adcirca is approved by the FDA to improve exercise ability in PAH patients.
· Unituxin® (dinutuximab) Injection (Unituxin). In March 2015, the FDA approved Unituxin in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-2, and 13-cis-retinoic acid, for the treatment of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (a rare form of pediatric cancer) who achieve at least a partial response to prior first-line multi-agent, multimodality therapy. Unituxin is a chimeric, monoclonal antibody composed of a combination of mouse and human DNA, that induces antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, a form of cell-mediated immunity whereby the immune system actively targets a cell that has been bound by specific antibodies. We received orphan drug designation for Unituxin from the FDA, conferring exclusivity through March 2022, during which period the FDA may not approve any application to market the same drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances such as a showing of clinical superiority.
Revenues
Our net product sales consist entirely of sales of the five commercial products noted above. We have entered into separate, non-exclusive distribution agreements with Accredo Health Group, Inc. (Accredo) and CVS Caremark, Inc. (Caremark) to distribute Remodulin, Tyvaso and Orenitram in the United States, and we have entered into an exclusive distribution agreement with ASD Specialty Healthcare, Inc. (ASD), an affiliate of AmerisourceBergen Corporation, to distribute Unituxin in the United States. We also sell Remodulin and Tyvaso to distributors internationally. We sell Adcirca through Lillys pharmaceutical wholesale network. To the extent we have increased the price of any of these products, increases have typically been in the single-digit percentages per year, except for Adcirca, the price of which is set solely by Lilly.
We require our specialty pharmaceutical distributors to maintain reasonable levels of inventory reserves because the interruption of Remodulin, Tyvaso or Orenitram therapy can be life threatening. Our specialty pharmaceutical distributors typically place monthly orders based on current utilization trends and contractual minimum inventory requirements. As a result, sales of Remodulin, Tyvaso and Orenitram can vary depending on the timing and magnitude of these orders and may not precisely reflect changes in patient demand.
We recognize revenues net of: (1) estimated rebates; (2) prompt pay discounts; (3) allowances for sales returns; and (4) distributor fees. We derive our provisions for rebates from an analysis of historical levels of rebates for all government drug discount programs and commercial third-party payer contracts, relative to sales of each product. We provide prompt pay discounts to customers that pay amounts due within a specific time period and base related estimates on observed historical customer payment behavior. Remodulin, Tyvaso and Orenitram are distributed in the United States under separate contracts with substantially similar terms, which include exchange rights in the event that product is damaged during shipment or expires. The allowance for exchanges for Remodulin, Tyvaso, Orenitram and Unituxin has been negligible and immaterial. Furthermore, we anticipate minimal exchange activity in the future for Remodulin, Tyvaso, Orenitram and Unituxin since we typically sell these products with a remaining shelf life in excess of one year and our distributors generally carry a thirty- to sixty-day supply of our products at any given time. As a result, we do not record reserves for exchanges for Remodulin, Tyvaso, Orenitram and Unituxin at the time of sale. We derive estimates relating to our allowance for returns of Adcirca based on actual return data accumulated since the drugs launch in 2009. To date, we have not identified any unusual patterns in the volume of prescriptions relative to sales that would warrant reconsideration of our methodology for estimating Adcirca returns. Lastly, we pay our distributors for contractual services rendered and accrue for related fees based on contractual rates applied to the estimated units of service provided by distributors for a given financial reporting period.
Generic Competition
We settled litigation with Sandoz, Inc. (Sandoz), Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. (Teva), Par Sterile Products, LLC (Par) and Dr. Reddys Laboratories, Inc. (Dr. Reddys), relating to their abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs) seeking FDA approval to market generic versions of Remodulin before the expiration of certain of our U.S. patents. Under the terms of our settlement agreements, Sandoz can market its generic version of Remodulin in the United States beginning in June 2018, and Teva, Par and Dr. Reddys can each market their generic versions of Remodulin in the United States beginning in December 2018, although each of these companies may be permitted to enter the market earlier under certain circumstances.
We are engaged in litigation with Watson Laboratories, Inc. (Watson), based on its ANDA seeking to market a generic version of Tyvaso before the expiration of certain of our U.S. patents at various dates from November 2018 through December 2028. In addition, Watson has filed petition for inter partes review (IPR) seeking to invalidate the claims of two of our patents that expire in 2028 and relate to Tyvaso. We also are engaged in litigation with Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc. (Actavis), contesting its ANDA seeking to market a generic version of the 0.25 mg, 1.0 mg and 2.5 mg strengths of Orenitram before the expiration of certain of our U.S. patents at various dates from 2024 through 2031.
Finally, SteadyMed Ltd. (SteadyMed) filed an IPR petition seeking to invalidate the claims of one of our patents that expires in December 2028 and relates to treprostinil (U.S. Patent No. 8,497,393, which we refer to as the 393 patent), which is the active ingredient in Remodulin, Tyvaso and Orenitram. In March 2017, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) issued a Final Written Decision in this matter, finding that all claims of the 393 patent are not patentable. In May 2017, we appealed this decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The 393 patent remains valid and enforceable until appeals have been exhausted. We are currently asserting the 393 patent (along with several other patents) against Watson and Actavis in connection with their efforts to obtain approval to market generic versions of Tyvaso and Orenitram, respectively.
In June 2017, SteadyMed submitted a New Drug Application (NDA) to the FDA seeking approval for Trevyent®, which is a single-use, pre-filled pump intended to deliver a two-day supply of treprostinil subcutaneously using SteadyMeds PatchPump® technology. In January 2016, SteadyMed announced that Trevyent had been granted orphan drug designation by the FDA for the treatment of PAH. SteadyMed has announced plans to launch the product in mid-2018.
We intend to continue vigorously defending the 393 patent, but even if the ultimate result is unfavorable to us, we have other patents covering subject matters similar to the 393 patent and with the same expiration date (December 2028). Specifically, in March 2017, the USPTO awarded us two additional patents related to the 393 patent, U.S. Patent Nos. 9,593,066 and 9,604,901. We prosecuted the applications that resulted in these new patents in parallel with the 393 patent IPR proceedings and presented claims addressing the invalidity arguments raised by SteadyMed in the IPR and Watson and Actavis in the ongoing litigations. The USPTO allowed the new patent claims with full knowledge of the IPR, the invalidity arguments presented therein, and the invalidity arguments raised by Watson and Actavis in connection with the 393 patent. Thus, we anticipate that these new patents should be less susceptible to challenge than the 393 patent. We have listed both of these new patents in the Orange Book for Remodulin, Tyvaso, and Orenitram and may in the future decide to assert these patents against any competitor marketing or seeking approval to market generic versions of Remodulin, Tyvaso, or Orenitram. Following the Final Written Decision in the 393 patent IPR, SteadyMed asked the PTAB to invalidate the new patents because SteadyMed claimed that the new patents claims are patentably indistinct from the 393 patent claims. The PTAB denied SteadyMeds request. Thus, SteadyMed must petition the PTAB to request new IPRs if it wishes to attempt to invalidate the newly issued patents.
For further details regarding the Watson, Actavis and SteadyMed matters, please see Note 12Litigation, to our consolidated financial statements.
As a result of our settlements with Sandoz, Teva, Par and Dr. Reddys, we expect to see generic competition for Remodulin from these companies in the United States beginning in June 2018 (Sandoz) and December 2018 (Teva, Par and Dr. Reddys) (or earlier under certain circumstances). Our two new patents granted in March 2017 will not impact these settlements. This increased competition could reduce our net product sales and profits. In addition, while we intend to vigorously enforce our intellectual property rights relating to our products, there can be no assurance that we will prevail in defending our patent
rights, or that additional challenges from other ANDA filers or other challengers will not surface with respect to our products. Our patents could be invalidated, found unenforceable or found not to cover one or more generic forms of Remodulin, Tyvaso or Orenitram. If any ANDA filer were to receive approval to sell a generic version of Remodulin, Tyvaso or Orenitram and/or prevail in any patent litigation, the affected product(s) would become subject to increased competition, which could reduce our net product sales and profits.
Certain patents for Revatio®, a PDE-5 inhibitor marketed by Pfizer for treatment of PAH, expired in 2012, leading several manufacturers to launch generic formulations of sildenafil citrate, the active ingredient in Revatio. Generic sildenafils lower price relative to Adcirca could lead to pressure from payers to use generic products within the same class of therapy initially, which could erode Adcircas market share and limit its potential sales. Although we believe Adcircas once-daily dosing regimen provides a significant competitive advantage over generic sildenafils multiple dosing regimen, government payers and private insurance companies may favor the use of less expensive generic sildenafil over Adcirca. As a result, we have seen generic sildenafil increase its share of the PDE-5 market over time.
The U.S. patent for Adcirca for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension will expire in November 2017, after which time we expect to see increased generic competition for Adcirca that could have a material adverse impact on our Adcirca revenues. Lilly has two additional patents expiring in April and November 2020, respectively, covering Adcirca and claiming pharmaceutical compositions and free drug particulate forms (the 2020 Patents). The PTAB has issued a Final Written Decision finding these patents invalid as the result of an IPR proceeding initiated by Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Lillys appeal of the PTABs decision is pending before the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In May 2017, we amended our license agreement with Lilly relating to Adcirca, in order to clarify and extend the term of the agreement and to amend the economic terms of the agreement following a patent expiry in November 2017. As a result of this amendment, beginning December 1, 2017, our royalty rate on net product sales of Adcirca will increase from five percent to ten percent, and we will also be required to make milestone payments to Lilly equal to $325,000 for each $1,000,000 in net product sales. In the event that Lilly prevails in one or both of the appeals noted above: (a) the previous five percent royalty rate will apply and the effective date of the new payment structure will be deferred until the expiration, lapse, abandonment or invalidation of the last claim of the 2020 Patents covering commercialization of Adcirca for pulmonary hypertension; and (b) to the extent we had previously paid amounts in excess of five percent, those amounts will be refunded by Lilly. The FDA has already tentatively approved ANDAs filed by at least two generic companies to market generic versions of Adcirca following the expiration of the November 2017 patent. As a result, we anticipate decreased Adcirca sales following the launch of generic versions of Adcirca following the November 2017 patent expiry discussed above, and an increase in Adcircas cost of product sales as a percentage of Adcircas net product sales due to an increase in our royalty and milestone expenses beginning in December 2017.
Patent expiration, patent litigation and generic competition for any of our commercial PAH products could have a significant, adverse impact on our revenues, profits and stock price, and is inherently difficult to predict. For additional discussion, refer to the risk factor entitled, Our intellectual property rights may not effectively deter competitors from developing competing products that, if successful, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profits, contained in Part II, Item 1ARisk Factors included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Operating Expenses
Since our inception, we have devoted substantial resources to our various clinical trials and other research and development efforts, which are conducted both internally and through third parties. From time to time, we also license or acquire additional technologies and compounds to be incorporated into our development pipeline.
Our operating expenses include the following costs:
Cost of Product Sales
Our cost of product sales primarily includes costs to manufacture and acquire products sold to customers, royalty and milestone payments under license agreements granting us rights to sell related products, direct and indirect distribution costs incurred in the sale of products, and the costs of inventory reserves for current and projected obsolescence. These costs also include share-based compensation and salary-related expenses for direct manufacturing and indirect support personnel, quality
review and release for commercial distribution, direct materials and supplies, depreciation, facilities-related expenses and other overhead costs.
Research and Development
Our research and development expenses primarily include costs associated with the research and development of products and post-marketing research commitments. These costs also include share-based compensation and salary-related expenses for research and development functions, professional fees for preclinical and clinical studies, costs associated with clinical manufacturing, facilities-related expenses, regulatory costs and costs associated with pre-FDA approval payments to third-party contract manufacturers. Expenses also include costs for third-party arrangements, including upfront fees and milestone payments required under license arrangements for therapies under development. We expect to incur increased clinical trial-related expenses during 2017, driven by the recent expansion of our pipeline programs, which will result in the enrollment of several large clinical studies.
Selling, General and Administrative
Our selling, general and administrative expenses primarily include costs associated with the commercialization of approved products and general and administrative costs to support our operations. Selling expenses also include share-based compensation, salary-related expenses, product marketing and sales operations costs, and other costs incurred to support our sales efforts. General and administrative expenses also include our core corporate support functions such as human resources, finance and legal, external costs such as insurance premiums, legal fees, grants to non-affiliated, non-profit organizations, and other professional service fees.
Share-Based Compensation
Historically, we granted stock options under our Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan (the 1999 Plan) and awards under our Share Tracking Awards Plans (STAP). In June 2015, our shareholders approved the United Therapeutics Corporation 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2015 Plan), which authorizes the issuance of up to 6,150,000 shares of our common stock. Following approval of the 2015 Plan, we ceased granting awards under the STAP and the 1999 Plan, and we modified our equity compensation programs to grant stock options to employees who previously received STAP awards, and to grant stock options and restricted stock units to non-employee directors. The grant date fair values of stock options and restricted stock units are recognized as share-based compensation expense ratably over their vesting periods.
The fair values of STAP awards and stock option grants are measured using inputs and assumptions under the Black-Scholes-Merton model that can materially impact the amount of share-based compensation (benefit) expense for a given period. The fair value of restricted stock units is measured using our stock price on the date of grant.
Although we have ceased granting STAP awards, we still have a significant number of STAP awards outstanding. We account for STAP awards as liabilities because they are settled in cash. As such, we must re-measure the fair value of STAP awards at the end of each financial reporting period until the awards are no longer outstanding. Changes in our STAP-related liability resulting from such re-measurements are recorded as adjustments to share-based compensation (benefit) expense and can create substantial volatility within our operating expenses from period to period. The following factors, among others, have a significant impact on the amount of share-based compensation (benefit) expense recognized in connection with STAP awards from period to period: (1) volatility in the price of our common stock (specifically, increases in the price of our common stock will generally result in an increase in our STAP liability and related compensation expense, while decreases in our stock price will generally result in a reduction in our STAP liability and related compensation expense); (2) changes in the number of outstanding awards; and (3) changes in the number of vested and unvested awards.
Research and Development
We focus most of our research and development efforts on the following near-term pipeline programs (intended to result in product launches in the 2018-2021 timeframe) and medium-term pipeline programs (intended to result in product launches in the 2022-2025 timeframe). We are also engaged in a variety of additional medium- and longer-term research and development efforts, including technologies designed to increase the supply of transplantable organs and tissues and improve outcomes for transplant recipients.
Near-Term Pipeline Programs (2018-2021)
Product |
|
Mode of Delivery |
|
Indication |
|
Current Status |
|
Our Territory |
RemoSynch |
|
Continuous intravenous via implantable pump |
|
PAH |
|
Pending regulatory approvals and launch preparations. |
|
United States, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and Japan |
RemUnity |
|
Continuous subcutaneous via pre-filled, semi-disposable pump |
|
PAH |
|
Pre-NDA |
|
Worldwide |
OreniPlus |
|
Oral |
|
PAH |
|
Phase IV |
|
Worldwide |
Tysuberprost |
|
Oral (esuberaprost) |
|
PAH |
|
Phase III |
|
North America, Europe, Mexico, South America, Egypt, India, Israel, South Africa and Australia |
RemoPro (pain-free subcutaneous Remodulin® prodrug) |
|
Continuous subcutaneous |
|
PAH |
|
Pre-Clinical |
|
Worldwide |
Dinutuximab |
|
Intravenous |
|
Small cell lung cancer |
|
Phase II/III |
|
Worldwide |
Tyvaso-ILD |
|
Inhaled |
|
Pulmonary hypertension associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (WHO Group 3) |
|
Phase III |
|
Worldwide |
Medium-Term Pipeline Programs (2022-2025)
Product |
|
Mode of Delivery |
|
Indication |
|
Current Status |
|
Our Territory |
Aurora-GT |
|
Intravenous |
|
PAH |
|
Phase II/III |
|
United States |
OreniLeft |
|
Oral |
|
Pulmonary hypertension associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction |
|
Phase III |
|
Worldwide |
RemoSynch (Implantable System for Remodulin)
We are working with Medtronic, Inc. (Medtronic) on a program to develop Medtronics proprietary intravascular infusion catheter to be used with its SynchroMed® II implantable infusion pump and related infusion system components (together referred to as the Implantable System for Remodulin, or RemoSynch) in order to deliver Remodulin for the treatment of PAH.
The SynchroMed II device is already approved for delivery of medication to treat neuropathic pain. With our funding, Medtronic completed the DelIVery clinical trial, which studied the safety of the Implantable System for Remodulin. The primary objective was to demonstrate a rate of catheter-related complications below 2.5 per 1,000 patient-days while using the Implantable System for Remodulin. In 2013, Medtronic informed us that this primary objective was met. If the Implantable System for Remodulin is approved, the technology has the potential to reduce many of the patient burdens and other complications associated with the use of external pumps to administer prostacyclin analogues. In order to launch RemoSynch in the United States, Medtronic and we are pursuing parallel regulatory filings relating to the device and the drug, respectively. Assuming we and Medtronic obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, we anticipate launching RemoSynch in 2018.
Medtronic is entirely responsible for regulatory approvals and all manufacturing and quality systems related to its infusion pump and related components. Medtronic has received a consent decree citing violations of the quality system regulation for medical devices and requiring it to stop manufacturing, designing and distributing SynchroMed II implantable infusion pump systems, except in limited circumstances, until the FDA determines that Medtronic has met all the provisions listed in the consent decree. It is unclear how this consent decree will impact our ability to obtain FDA approval for RemoSynch, or its commercial prospects if approved.
RemUnity and RemoPro
In December 2014, we entered into an exclusive agreement with DEKA Research & Development Corp. (DEKA) to develop a pre-filled, semi-disposable pump system for subcutaneous delivery of treprostinil, which we call the RemUnity system. Under the terms of the agreement, we are funding the development costs related to the RemUnity system and will pay product fees and a single-digit royalty to DEKA based on commercial sales of the system and the treprostinil drug product sold for use with the system. Currently, we are engaged in engineering, design and development efforts to optimize the RemUnity pump to deliver treprostinil in pre-filled reservoirs, and intend to complete human factor studies and functionality testing in patients before submitting an application to the FDA to approve the pre-filled RemUnity pump.
We are also engaged in pre-clinical development of a new prodrug formulation of Remodulin called RemoPro, which is intended to enable subcutaneous delivery without the site pain currently associated with subcutaneous Remodulin. A prodrug is a metabolically inactive compound that, after administration, metabolizes into an active compound. RemoPro is intended to be inactive in the subcutaneous tissue, which should eliminate site pain. Once RemoPro is absorbed into the blood, it metabolizes into treprostinil. RemoPro is intended to be administered using the RemUnity system.
Orenitram, OreniPlus and OreniLeft
In 2013, the FDA approved Orenitram for the treatment of PAH patients to improve exercise capacity. The primary study that supported efficacy of Orenitram was a 12-week monotherapy study (FREEDOM-M) in which PAH patients were not on any approved background PAH therapy.
We believe that in order for Orenitram to reach its full commercial potential, we need to complete further studies to support an amendment to Orenitrams label to indicate that Orenitram delays morbidity and/or mortality (also known as time to clinical worsening) in PAH patients who are on an approved oral background therapy. We refer to this initiative to amend Orenitrams label as OreniPlus. As such, we are conducting a phase IV registration study called FREEDOM-EV, which is intended to support such a label amendment if successful.
We are also enrolling patients in a study of Orenitram (SOUTHPAW) to treat WHO Group 2 pulmonary hypertension (specifically associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction), which we refer to as OreniLeft. There are presently no FDA approved therapies indicated for treatment of WHO Group 2 pulmonary hypertension.
Tysuberprost
In 2012, we completed a phase I safety study of esuberaprost, a single-isomer orally bioavailable prostacyclin analogue, and the data suggested that dosing esuberaprost four times a day was safe. We believe that esuberaprost and treprostinil have differing prostacyclin receptor-binding profiles and thus could provide benefits to certain groups of patients with differing sets of safety and efficacy profiles. We also believe that inhaled treprostinil and oral esuberaprost have complementary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, which indicate that they should provide greater efficacy in combination. As a result, in March 2017 we completed enrollment of our phase III registration study called BEAT (BEraprost 314d Add-on to Tyvaso) to evaluate the clinical benefit and safety of esuberaprost in combination with Tyvaso for patients with PAH who show signs of deterioration on inhaled treprostinil or have a less than optimal response to inhaled treprostinil treatment. We refer to the resulting use of esuberaprost and Tyvaso therapies in combination with each other as Tysuberprost.
Unituxin
Under our Biologics License Application (BLA) approval for Unituxin, the FDA has imposed certain post-marketing requirements and post-marketing commitments on us. We are conducting additional clinical and non-clinical studies to satisfy these requirements and commitments. While we believe we will be able to complete these studies, any failure to satisfy these requirements or commitments could result in penalties, including fines or withdrawal of Unituxin from the market, unless we are able to demonstrate good cause for the failure.
In addition, we are conducting studies of Unituxin in adult patients with other forms of GD2-expressing cancers. We are currently enrolling the first of these studies, in patients with small cell lung cancer. These research and development efforts into new indications for Unituxin have been substantially outsourced to a contract research organization called Precision Oncology, LLC.
Unituxin therapy is associated with severe side effects, including infections, infusion reactions, hypokalemia, hypotension, pain, fever, and capillary leak syndrome. In post-approval use of Unituxin, the adverse reactions of prolonged urinary retention, transverse myelitis, and reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome have been observed. Unituxins label also includes a boxed warning related to serious infusion reactions and neurotoxicity.
Finally, we are working on the development of a fully humanized (non-chimeric) version of dinutuximab, the active ingredient in Unituxin. This new version is expected to reduce some of the side effects associated with Unituxin, which is a chimeric composed of a combination of mouse and human DNA.
Tyvaso and Tyvaso-ILD
We are developing further enhancements intended to make the Tyvaso Inhalation System easier to use and have submitted a supplement to our NDA to include a new device, with FDA action anticipated in late 2017. In addition, we have commenced a phase III registration study called INCREASE, which is a study of Tyvaso in patients with WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (specifically associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema), which we refer to as Tyvaso-ILD. There are presently no FDA approved therapies indicated for treatment of WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension.
Aurora-GT
We are planning a phase II/III study of a gene therapy product called Aurora-GT, in which a PAH patients own endothelial progenitor cells are isolated, transfected with the gene for human endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), expanded ex-vivo and then delivered to the same patient. This product is intended to rebuild the blood vessels in the lungs that are destroyed by PAH.
Future Prospects
Our strategy is to continue to grow the revenues of our existing commercial products, including through approval of new and/or improved indications, formulations and delivery devices. These and other research and development efforts are designed to provide continued revenue growth in the near and medium term, while efforts are under way to develop technologies in organ manufacturing in the longer term.
Our ability to achieve these objectives and sustain our growth and profitability will depend on many factors, including among others: (1) the timing and outcome of preclinical research, clinical trials and regulatory approvals for products we develop; (2) the timing and degree of success related to the commercial launch of new products; (3) the demand for our products; (4) the price of our products and the reimbursement of our products by public and private health insurance organizations; (5) the competition we face within our industry, including competition from generic companies; (6) our ability to
effectively manage our business in an increasingly complex legal and regulatory environment; (7) our ability to defend against generic competition and challenges to our patents; and (8) the risks identified in Part II, Item 1ARisk Factors, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
We will need to construct additional facilities to support the development and commercialization of our products and technologies. We have budgeted for capital expenditures of approximately $300.0 million over the next three years.
We operate in a highly competitive market in which a small number of large pharmaceutical companies control a majority of available PAH therapies. These pharmaceutical companies are well established in the market and possess greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. In addition, there are a number of investigational products in late-stage development that, if approved, may erode the market share of our existing commercial therapies and make market acceptance more difficult to achieve for any therapies we attempt to market in the future.
Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016
Revenues
The following table presents the components of total revenues (dollars in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Percentage |
|
Six Months Ended |
|
Percentage |
| ||||||||
|
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
|
Change |
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
|
Change |
| ||||
Net product sales: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Remodulin |
|
$ |
157.7 |
|
$ |
158.9 |
|
(1 |
)% |
$ |
303.5 |
|
$ |
298.7 |
|
2 |
% |
Tyvaso |
|
104.2 |
|
107.0 |
|
(3 |
)% |
191.6 |
|
209.2 |
|
(8 |
)% | ||||
Adcirca |
|
120.6 |
|
90.9 |
|
33 |
% |
200.6 |
|
163.5 |
|
23 |
% | ||||
Orenitram |
|
46.0 |
|
38.0 |
|
21 |
% |
85.3 |
|
78.2 |
|
9 |
% | ||||
Unituxin |
|
16.1 |
|
17.8 |
|
(10 |
)% |
34.1 |
|
32.0 |
|
7 |
% | ||||
Total revenues |
|
$ |
444.6 |
|
$ |
412.6 |
|
8 |
% |
$ |
815.1 |
|
$ |
781.6 |
|
4 |
% |
Revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2017, increased by $32.0 million compared to the same period in 2016. The growth in revenues resulted from the following: (1) a $29.7 million increase in Adcirca net product sales primarily due to price increases, which were determined by Lilly; and (2) an $8.0 million increase in Orenitram net product sales due to an increase in the number of patients being treated with Orenitram. These increases were partially offset by (1) a $2.8 million decrease in Tyvaso net product sales; (2) a $1.7 million decrease in Unituxin net product sales; and (3) a $1.2 million decrease in Remodulin net product sales. We believe the decrease in Tyvaso sales resulted from the availability of oral prostacyclin-class therapies, and increased propensity to treat patients with multiple oral therapies earlier in their disease progression, which can delay the need to prescribe inhaled therapies. Given the progressive nature of PAH, we believe many patients will initiate Tyvaso in the future as their disease progresses.
Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017, increased by $33.5 million compared to the same period in 2016. The growth in revenues resulted from the following: (1) a $37.1 million increase in Adcirca net product sales primarily due to price increases, which were determined by Lilly; (2) a $7.1 million increase in Orenitram net product sales due to an increase in the number of patients being treated with Orenitram; (3) a $4.8 million increase in Remodulin net product sales; and (4) a $2.1 million increase in Unituxin net product sales. These increases were offset by a $17.6 million decrease in Tyvaso net product sales. We believe the decrease in Tyvaso sales resulted from the availability of oral prostacyclin-class therapies, and increased propensity to treat patients with multiple oral therapies earlier in their disease progression, which can delay the need to prescribe inhaled therapies. Given the progressive nature of PAH, we believe many patients will initiate Tyvaso in the future as their disease progresses.
We recognize revenues net of: (1) estimated rebates; (2) prompt pay discounts; (3) allowances for sales returns; and (4) distributor fees. These are referred to as gross-to-net deductions and are based on historical experiences and contractual and statutory requirements. The tables below include a reconciliation of the accounts associated with these deductions (in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 |
| |||||||||||||
|
|
Rebates |
|
Prompt Pay |
|
Allowance for |
|
Distributor |
|
Total |
| |||||
Balance, April 1, 2017 |
|
$ |
49.5 |
|
$ |
3.8 |
|
$ |
6.2 |
|
$ |
2.5 |
|
$ |
62.0 |
|
Provisions attributed to sales in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Current period |
|
55.5 |
|
10.2 |
|
1.4 |
|
3.5 |
|
70.6 |
| |||||
Prior periods |
|
(1.4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(0.2 |
) |
(1.6 |
) | |||||
Payments or credits attributed to sales in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Current period |
|
(7.3 |
) |
(4.9 |
) |
|
|
(1.0 |
) |
(13.2 |
) | |||||
Prior periods |
|
(46.2 |
) |
(3.5 |
) |
(0.5 |
) |
(2.2 |
) |
(52.4 |
) | |||||
Balance, June 30, 2017 |
|
$ |
50.1 |
|
$ |
5.6 |
|
$ |
7.1 |
|
$ |
2.6 |
|
$ |
65.4 |
|
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 |
| |||||||||||||
|
|
Rebates |
|
Prompt Pay |
|
Allowance for |
|
Distributor |
|
Total |
| |||||
Balance, April 1, 2016 |
|
$ |
47.4 |
|
$ |
4.0 |
|
$ |
5.4 |
|
$ |
2.1 |
|
$ |
58.9 |
|
Provisions attributed to sales in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Current period |
|
48.9 |
|
9.5 |
|
1.1 |
|
3.1 |
|
62.6 |
| |||||
Prior periods |
|
3.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
(0.1 |
) |
2.9 |
| |||||
Payments or credits attributed to sales in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Current period |
|
(9.0 |
) |
(4.9 |
) |
|
|
(0.4 |
) |
(14.3 |
) | |||||
Prior periods |
|
(44.3 |
) |
(3.7 |
) |
(0.2 |
) |
(1.9 |
) |
(50.1 |
) | |||||
Balance, June 30, 2016 |
|
$ |
46.0 |
|
$ |
4.9 |
|
$ |
6.3 |
|
$ |
2.8 |
|
$ |
60.0 |
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 |
| |||||||||||||
|
|
Rebates |
|
Prompt Pay |
|
Allowance for |
|
Distributor |
|
Total |
| |||||
Balance, January 1, 2017 |
|
$ |
46.0 |
|
$ |
4.3 |
|
$ |
7.7 |
|
$ |
2.8 |
|
$ |
60.8 |
|
Provisions attributed to sales in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Current period |
|
105.2 |
|
18.9 |
|
0.1 |
|
6.5 |
|
130.7 |
| |||||
Prior periods |
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
(0.2 |
) |
1.8 |
| |||||
Payments or credits attributed to sales in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Current period |
|
(53.5 |
) |
(13.4 |
) |
|
|
(3.7 |
) |
(70.6 |
) | |||||
Prior periods |
|
(49.6 |
) |
(4.2 |
) |
(0.7 |
) |
(2.8 |
) |
(57.3 |
) | |||||
Balance, June 30, 2017 |
|
$ |
50.1 |
|
$ |
5.6 |
|
$ |
7.1 |
|
$ |
2.6 |
|
$ |
65.4 |
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 |
| |||||||||||||
|
|
Rebates |
|
Prompt Pay |
|
Allowance for |
|
Distributor |
|
Total |
| |||||
Balance, January 1, 2016 |
|
$ |
44.6 |
|
$ |
3.9 |
|
$ |
5.3 |
|
$ |
2.6 |
|
$ |
56.4 |
|
Provisions attributed to sales in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Current period |
|
98.7 |
|
18.1 |
|
1.4 |
|
6.1 |
|
124.3 |
| |||||
Prior periods |
|
3.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.2 |
| |||||
Payments or credits attributed to sales in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Current period |
|
(58.2 |
) |
(13.4 |
) |
|
|
(3.3 |
) |
(74.9 |
) | |||||
Prior periods |
|
(42.3 |
) |
(3.7 |
) |
(0.4 |
) |
(2.6 |
) |
(49.0 |
) | |||||
Balance, June 30, 2016 |
|
$ |
46.0 |
|
$ |
4.9 |
|
$ |
6.3 |
|
$ |
2.8 |
|
$ |
60.0 |
|
Cost of Product Sales
The table below summarizes cost of product sales by major category (dollars in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Percentage |
|
Six Months Ended |
|
Percentage |
| ||||||||
|
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
|
Change |
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
|
Change |
| ||||
Category: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Cost of product sales, excluding share-based compensation |
|
$ |
19.3 |
|
$ |
20.0 |
|
(4 |
)% |
$ |
35.1 |
|
$ |
32.6 |
|
8 |
% |
Share-based compensation benefit(1) |
|
(0.4 |
) |
|
|
n/a |
|
(1.9 |
) |
(11.9 |
) |
84 |
% | ||||
Total cost of product sales |
|
$ |
18.9 |
|
$ |
20.0 |
|
(6 |
)% |
$ |
33.2 |
|
$ |
20.7 |
|
60 |
% |
(1) Refer to Share-based Compensation (Benefit) Expense section below for discussion.
Research and Development
The table below summarizes research and development expense by major category (dollars in millions):
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Percentage |
|
Six Months Ended |
|
Percentage |
| ||||
|
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
|
Change |
|
2017 |
|
2016 |
|
Change |
|
Category: |
|
|
|
|