10-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015

or

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 Or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                       to                      

Commission File Number: 001-33852

VirnetX Holding Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	77-0390628
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
308 Dorla Court, Suite 206
Zephyr Cove, Nevada	89448
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 775-548-1785
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report:
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Class	Name of Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	NYSE MKT LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No o

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer o	Accelerated filer ☒	Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, 2015, was $219,195,396 based upon the closing price of the common shares of the Registrant on June 30, 2015. This calculation does not reflect a determination that certain persons are affiliates of the Registrant for any other purpose.

54,479,905 shares of Registrant’s Common Stock were outstanding as of March 2, 2016.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Certain portions of this Annual Report on Form 10-K incorporate by reference information from the Registrant’s Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after December 31, 2015 in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Registrant’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

INDEX

		Page
PART I
Item 1.	Business		3
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		13
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments		21
Item 2.	Properties		21
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings		21
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure		23
PART II
Item 5.	Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities		24
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data		25
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		25
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk		37
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data		38
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure		61
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures		61
Item 9B.	Other Information		61
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance		62
Item 11.	Executive Compensation		62
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matter		62
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence		62
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services		63
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules		63

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. We have included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (including in the section entitled Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations), and from time to time we may make statements that may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements are based upon our current expectations, estimates, assumptions and beliefs concerning future events and conditions and may discuss, among other things, anticipated future performance (including sales and earnings), expected growth, future business plans and costs and potential liability for environmental-related matters. Any statement that is not historical in nature is a forward-looking statement and may be identified by the use of words and phrases such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “will,” “will likely result,” “will continue,” “plans to” and similar expressions. These statements include our belief and statements regarding general industry and market conditions and growth rates, as well as general domestic and international economic conditions. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are necessarily subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements and from our historical results and experience. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to those described in Item 1A - Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere in the Annual Report and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Readers are cautioned that it is not possible to predict or identify all of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that may affect future results and that the risks described herein should not be considered to be a complete list. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

EXCEPT AS REQUIRED BY LAW, WE UNDERTAKE NO OBLIGATION TO UPDATE OR REVISE ANY FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENT AS A RESULT OF NEW INFORMATION, FUTURE EVENTS OR OTHERWISE.

PART I

Item 1. Business.

The Company

We are an Internet security software and technology Company with patented technology for secure communications including 4G LTE security. Our software and technology solutions, including our Secure Domain Name Registry and GABRIEL Connection Technology™, are designed to facilitate secure communications and provide the security platform required by next-generation Internet-based applications such as instant messaging, or IM, voice over Internet protocol, or VoIP, mobile services, streaming video, file transfer, remote desktop and Machine-to-Machine, or M2M communications. Our technology generates secure connections on a “zero-click” or “single-click” basis, significantly simplifying the deployment of secure real-time communication solutions by eliminating the need for end-users to enter any encryption information. Our portfolio of intellectual property is the foundation of our business model. We currently own approximately 39 U.S. and 66 foreign patents with approximately 75 pending patent applications worldwide. Our patent portfolio is primarily focused on securing real-time communications over the Internet, as well as related services such as the establishment and maintenance of a secure domain name registry. Our patented methods also have additional applications in the key areas of device operating systems and network security for Cloud services, M2M communications in the new initiatives like “Smart City”, “Connected Car” and “Connected Home” that would connect everything from social services and citizen engagement to public safety, transportation and economic development to the internet to enable more productivity, features and efficiency in our everyday lives. The subject matter of all our U.S. and foreign patents and pending applications relates generally to securing communication over the internet, and as such covers all our technology and other products. Our issued U.S. and foreign patents expire at various times during the period from 2019 to 2024. Some of our issued patents and pending patent applications were acquired by our principal operating subsidiary; VirnetX, Inc., from Leidos, Inc., (f/k/a Science Applications International Corporation, or SAIC) in 2006 and we are required to make payments to Leidos, based on cash or certain other values generated from those patents. The amount of such payments depends upon the type of value generated, and certain categories are subject to maximums and other limitations.

Our product Gabriel Secure Communication Platform™, unlike other collaboration and communication products and services on the market today, does not require access to user’s confidential data and minimizes the threat of hacking and data mining. It enables individuals and organizations to maintain complete ownership and control over their personal and confidential data, secured within their own private network, while enabling authorized secure encrypted access from anywhere at any time. Our Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ is a set of applications that run on top of our Gabriel Secure Communication Platform™. It enables seamless and secure cross-platform communications between user’s devices that have our software installed. Our Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ is available for download and free trial, for Android, iOS, Windows, Linux and Mac OS X platforms, at http://www.gabrielsecure.com/. We continue to enhance our products and add new functionality to our products. We will provide updates to new and existing customers as they are released to the general public. Over 80 small and medium businesses have installed our Gabriel Secure Communication Platform™ and Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ products in their corporate networks. We continue to rapidly expand our customer base with targeted promotions and direct sales initiatives.

We have executed a number of patent and technology licenses and intend to seek further licensees for our technology, including our GABRIEL Connection Technology™ to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, of chips, servers, smart phones, tablets, e-Readers, laptops, net books and other devices, within the IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications markets including 4G/LTE Advanced.

We have submitted a declaration with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, or 3GPP, identifying a group of our patents and patent applications that we believe are or may become essential to certain developing specifications in the 3GPP LTE, SAE project. We have agreed to make available a non-exclusive patent license under fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions, with compensation, or FRAND, to 3GPP members desiring to implement the technical specifications identified by us. We believe that we are positioned to license our essential security patents to 3GPP members as they move into deploying 4G/LTE Advanced devices and solutions.

We have an ongoing Gabriel Licensing Program under which we offer licenses to our patent portfolio, technology and software, including our secure domain name registry service, to domain infrastructure providers, communication service providers as well as to system integrators. Our Gabriel Connection Technology™ License is offered to OEM customers who want to adopt the GABRIEL Connection Technology™ as their solution for establishing secure connections using secure domain names within their products. We have developed GABRIEL Connection

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Technology™ Software Development Kit (SDK) to assist with rapid integration of these techniques into existing software implementations with minimal code changes and include object libraries, sample code, testing and quality assurance tools and the supporting documentation necessary for a customer to implement our technology. Customers who want to develop their own implementation of the VirnetX patented techniques for supporting secure domain names, or other techniques that are covered by our patent portfolio for establishing secure communication links, can purchase a patent license. The number of patents licensed, and therefore the cost of the patent license to the customer, will depend upon which of the patents are used in a particular product or service. These licenses will typically include an initial license fee, as well as an ongoing royalty.

We have signed Patent License Agreements with Avaya Inc., Aastra USA, Inc., Microsoft, Mitel Networks Corporation, NEC Corporation and NEC Corporation of America, Siemens Enterprise Communications GmbH & Co. KG, and Siemens Enterprise Communications Inc. to license certain of our patents, for a one-time payment and/or an ongoing royalty for all future sales through the expiration of the licensed patents with respect to certain current and future IP-encrypted products. We have engaged IPVALUE Management Inc. to assist us in commercializing our portfolio of patents on securing real-time communications over the Internet. Under the multi-year agreement, IPVALUE is expected to originate and assist us with negotiating transactions related to patent licensing worldwide with respect to certain third parties.

We believe that the market opportunity for our software and technology solutions is large and expanding as secure domain names are now an integral part of securing the next generation 4G/LTE Advanced wireless networks and M2M communications in areas including Smart City, Connected Car and Connected Home. We also believe that all 4G/LTE Advanced mobile devices will require unique secure domain names and become part of a secure domain name registry.

We intend to license our patent portfolio, technology and software, including our secure domain name registry service, to domain infrastructure providers, communication service providers as well as to system integrators. We intend to seek further license of our technology, including our GABRIEL Connection Technology™ to enterprise customers, developers and original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, of chips, servers, smart phones, tablets, e-Readers, laptops, net books and other devices, within the IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications markets including 4G/LTE.

Our employees include the core development team behind our patent portfolio, technology and software. This team has worked together for over ten years and is the same team that invented and developed this technology while working at Leidos, Inc. Leidos, Inc. is a FORTUNE 500® scientific, engineering and technology applications company that uses its deep domain knowledge to solve problems of vital importance to the nation and the world, in national security, energy and the environment, critical infrastructure and health. The team has continued its research and development work started at Leidos, and expanded the set of patents we acquired in 2006 from Leidos, into a larger portfolio of over 100 U.S. and international patents and with over 75 pending applications. This portfolio now serves as the foundation of our licensing business and planned service offerings and is expected to generate the majority of our future revenue in license fees and royalties. We intend to continue our research and development efforts to further strengthen and expand our patent portfolio. Please see Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Operations – Research and Development Expenses for a description of our research and development expenses for the past three fiscal years.

We intend to continue using an outsourced and leveraged model to maintain efficiency and manage costs as we grow our licensing business by, for example, offering incentives to early licensing targets or asserting our rights for use of our patents. We also intend to expand our design pilot in participation with leading 4G/LTE companies (domain infrastructure providers, chipset manufacturers, service providers and others) and build our secure domain name registry.

Industry Overview

We believe that the rapid growth of mobile devices (smartphones/tablets/ultra-mobile PCs), with always-on network access, and need to socially interact with friends and family while maintaining a constant online presence has transformed the “Internet of Web 2.0” in to the “The Internet of the People”. It has become an evolving, rich and complex medium used by individuals and businesses to conduct commerce, share information and engage in real-time communications including email, text messaging, IM, and voice and video calls. We believe the user demand for high speed broadband access along with the quality of experience wherever they are and whatever BYOD (bring your own device) they may be using; Mobility, IP video delivery, and the move to cloud have dramatically

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changed the way service providers deliver services. While wireline networks remain the primary mechanism for delivering premium and high bandwidth services, its growth has held steady compared to the growth of the mobile communications. The cost barrier to obtaining a mobile device with data access has disappeared allowing billions of people to have online access on fixed and mobile networks, and those users accessing social networking websites, using peer-to-peer, or P2P applications, and uploading live content over the internet, which in turn is downloaded by millions, has led to staggering growth in packet traffic. Not only is traffic growing and changing in nature, it’s location of origin and timing has become completely unpredictable. There is a significant impact on the mobile signaling network, brought on by smartphone penetration and consumer use of “chatty” applications that conduct frequent network queries.

We believe that as the users become more comfortable with using their smartphones/tablets and other connected devices, they will increasingly treat their mobile and fixed/WiFi networks as a single network and demand seamless transition from one network type to another without any disruption of service. The 4G/LTE standard was developed with the goal of creating a single IP network that is efficient, flexible, open up new business models and services revenues and eventually lead to true “virtual networks” or software-defined networks (SDN). The service providers were forced to perform complete overhaul of their telecom network infrastructure in order to move from TDM paradigm to next generation IP networks based on 4G/LTE for dealing with this rapidly growing demand. Before these network overhauls could be completed, some service providers decided to mislabel their hybrid 3.5G/HSPA+/partial LTE implementations as 4G networks in order to stem the loss of revenue and protect themselves against the threat of being forever relegated to the role of pipe provider. This marketing ploy has led to significant confusion and misunderstanding among users.

Adding further fuel to the demand for mobile and fixed broadband services is the fast adoption of connected machines or devices, or embedded systems capable of M2M communication. These M2M communications are made possible by a device (non-phone/tablet/pc such as a sensor) that is attached to a machine to capture an event that is relayed over a network via 3G/4G routers or fixed broadband lines, delivering data or events (such as temperature, location, consumption, heart rate, stress levels, light, movement, altitude and speed) to applications creating an “Internet of Things” or IoT. As the service providers start deploying true 4G (Long Term Evolution-Advanced, or LTE-Advanced) and this pace picks up, we believe that almost every device will get its own unique identity and a high-speed connection to the internet over a high speed IP (Internet Protocol) based telecommunication network making it an “Internet of Everything”.

We believe that growing security concerns and vulnerabilities in a large number of use-case scenarios due to the inherent “open” nature of this architecture can throttle the successful adoption of these technologies. Security can no longer exist as a point solution, and enterprises everywhere are currently upgrading core IT infrastructure (systems, networks, and management) to integrate security into everything. Because of the complexity of today’s networks and the requirement to connect users from any location at any time on any device, enterprise buyers looking to improve security posture have to evaluate everything from software solutions for smartphones to routers and switches with integrated security, massive security appliances for data centers, cloud-based security services, and security solutions for virtualized environments and public and private clouds.

The portions of the IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications markets that could benefit from our software and technology solutions, as forecasted by Infonetics and by our internal estimates, are expected to grow from approximately $96 billion of worldwide revenues in 2012 to approximately $342 billion by 2017, representing a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of approximately 29%. We believe that this growing trend represents a significant opportunity for us to license our technology and software, and establish our secure domain name registry.

Enterprise Telephony – Unified Communications, VoIP, Telepresence and Video Conferencing

Enterprise Telephony includes technologies that use Internet Protocol’s packet-switched connections to exchange voice, fax, and other forms of information traditionally carried over the dedicated circuit-switched connections of the public switched telephone network, or PSTN. The adoption of Enterprise Telephony has helped businesses significantly lower network operating costs by using a common network for voice and data. As the workforce becomes increasingly dispersed, mobile features enabled by Internet protocol-based communications such as presence, unified messaging, peer-to-peer applications, find me/follow me, white-boarding and document sharing have become more commonplace. However, the development of the related security infrastructure has lagged behind, leaving next-generation networks vulnerable to a multitude of threats including man-in-middle, eavesdropping,

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domain hijacking, distributed denial of service, or DDoS, spam over Internet telephony, or SPIT, and spam over instant messaging, or SPIM. These threats continue to highlight the need for securing next-generation networks. As the use of Enterprise Telephony systems extends beyond the boundaries of an organization’s private network, security is likely to become an even bigger concern. Enterprises are increasingly deploying an array of communication methodologies integrated into a single communications experience is often referred to as unified communications. We believe that unified communications have higher utility and can increase productivity for users. The basic components of unified communications include: a directory for storing addresses, various modes of communication with each user/contact (desk phone, mobile phone, IM, etc.), message storage for all messages regardless of communication method and secure presence of a user's status for each mode of communication (available, away, busy, etc.).

Based on our estimates using Infonetics and other market data, we believe that worldwide revenue from IP telephony products like IP-PBX including IP phones, service provider VoIP and IMS equipment, VoIP gateways, Enterprise Telepresence and Video Conferencing for businesses and Unified Communication clients, is expected to grow from approximately $38 billion in 2012 to approximately $60 billion in 2017, representing a CAGR of approximately 9%. We believe our unique and patented solution provides the robust security platform required for providing on-demand secure communication links between enterprises intending to communicate securely without manually configuring the connections. We believe a standard security solution such as ours will further accelerate the adoption of Enterprise telephony products in the market and allow enterprises to take full advantage of these rich content applications and real-time communications over the Internet, thereby significantly increasing their return on investment.

IP Mobility- Smartphones, Embedded Devices, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Devices (LTE)

We believe that telecommunication markets are rapidly changing and presenting new challenges to the equipment and service providers, including but not limited to increasing user demand for mobile, always-on connections with multiple devices. We also believe that traffic growth, video acceleration, cloud services and a rapidly growing number of subscribers challenge currently available network architectures and that, because of this, service providers and carriers will eventually use a single network for fixed and mobile communications, private/premium communications and Internet access, in spite of the difficulties involved challenging their business models and forcing the consideration of new network architectures. We believe that LTE technology will deliver users the benefits of faster data speeds and new services by creating a new radio access technology that's optimized for IP-based traffic and offers operators a simple upgrade path from 3G networks.

Smartphones are multi-functional devices that handle a wide variety of business-critical applications and support increasingly complex functions including enhanced data processing, Internet access, e-mail access, calendars and scheduling, contact management and the ability to view electronic documents. Users have continual access to these applications while on the move making them an increasingly essential business tool for the mobile worker. These devices enable mobile workers to have similar functionality inside or outside the office thereby increasing employee efficiency. However, it is critical that this mobile environment have the same level of security as an enterprise's internal network.

Embedded mobile broadband computing devices include PCs, netbooks, tablets, and mobile Internet devices (MIDs) with embedded mobile broadband modems to enable Internet access via a mobile broadband network. A growing number of these devices are now shipping enabled with LTE/4G. Mobile Internet devices (MIDs) include handheld mobile Internet devices; e.g. eReader, gaming console, digital picture frame, digital camera, with embedded mobile broadband modems. Mobile broadband routers have mobile broadband modems or antenna as the broadband connection; have multiple Ethernet ports and integrated wireless access points for local area connectivity and bandwidth sharing; can have integrated hub or switch; may have an integrated stateful firewall or IPSec VPN and are also known as mobile hotspot routers.

Machine-to-Machine, or M2M, connected devices, or embedded systems; connected machines are fast becoming the eyes and ears of the enterprise. By adding sensors and networking technologies to the products they sell and the equipment they employ, companies are finding new ways to gather powerful insights and use new forms of data, thus creating a vast “internet of things”. This communication is made possible by a device (such as an intelligent sensor) that is attached to a machine to capture an event, such as such as temperature, location, consumption, heart rate, stress levels, light, movement, altitude and speed, that is relayed over a network delivering data to applications. The potential applications for this technology are numerous and as such include smart meters in energy and utilities (the “smart grid”), connected vehicles in automotive and logistics, heart monitors in healthcare, RFID tagged inventory

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in retail and manufacturing, and digital signage in media and communications to name a few. Another fast growing application is in the wearable technology products namely, fitness and wellness, infotainment (information-based media content), healthcare and medical, and industrial and military. The fitness and wellness segment comprises products like smart clothing and smart sensors, activity monitors, sleep sensors and others, whereas the Infotainment sector consists of products like smart watches, heads-up displays, smart glasses and others. The products like continuous glucose monitor, drug delivery, monitors, wearable patches and others have been covered under healthcare and medical segment and products like hand worn terminals, augmented reality headsets and others have been mentioned under industrial and military segment. We believe that the large revenue potential for M2M services that has attracted the attention of carriers globally risks being thwarted by the growing security concerns in M2M applications. Porous security is exposing vulnerabilities in a large number of use-case scenarios, including cars, energy management systems, telemedicine, and telemetry. While built-in security is a high priority in all other information and communication technologies, it is yet to be considered, even at a basic level, in most M2M applications. The rapid and successful adoption of M2M in automobiles, healthcare, industrial installations, and consumer homes may be jeopardized if communication security is not designed in to all M2M devices and applications. All these new devices will require a unique identity addressable by a secure domain name and all their communications, with application servers and other devices, completely secured automatically and on-demand.

IP mobility services require an environment where wired and wireless phones work together with Internet Protocol to deliver services (voice, video, data and combinations thereof) uniformly across multiple access networks, including, among others, LTE, WiMAX, WiFi cellular and fixed. Based on our estimates using Infonetics and other market data, we believe that worldwide revenue from IP mobility products like smartphones, embedded devices, hotspots and mobile data cards, femtocell equipment, M2M communication devices and services is expected to grow from approximately $57 billion in 2012 to approximately $282 billion by 2017, representing a CAGR of approximately 37%. We believe in order to realize the full functionality of IP mobility, several challenges including security must be overcome. When users are mobile, connections and data need to cross multiple network boundaries, each of which poses a security threat. Wireless networks may be threatened or compromised by rogue users who enter through (insecure wireless access points. We believe that providing authenticated access to the M2M networks and enterprise applications are important requirements and represent a significant market opportunity for our patented technology and secure domain names to provide users or machines fully authenticated secure access on a “zero-click” or “single-click” basis.

Our Solutions

Our software and technology solutions, including our secure domain name registry, our patents and our GABRIEL Connection Technology™ are designed to secure all types of real-time communications over the Internet. Our technology uses industry standard encryption methods with our patented DNS lookup mechanisms to create a secure communication link between users intending to communicate in real time over the Internet. Our technology can be built into network infrastructure, operating systems or silicon chips developed for a communication or computing device to secure real-time communications over the Internet between numerous devices. Our technology automatically encrypts data allowing organizations and individuals to establish communities of secure, registered users and transmit information between multiple devices, networks and operating systems. These secure network communities, which we call secure private domains, or SPDs, are designed to be fully-customizable and support rich content applications such as IM, VoIP, mobile services, streaming video, file transfer and remote desktop in a completely secure environment. Our approach is a unique and patented solution that we believe provides the robust security platform required by these rich content applications and real-time communications over the Internet. We believe the key benefits and features of our technology include the following:

• Automatic and seamless to the user. After a one-time registration, users connect securely on a “zero-click” or “single-click” basis.

• Secure data communications. Users create secure networks with people they trust and communicate over a secure channel.

• Control of data at all times. Users can secure and customize their unified communication and collaboration applications such as file sharing and remote desktop with policy-based access and secure presence information.

• Authenticated users. Users know they are communicating with authenticated users with secure domain names.

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• Application-agnostic technology. Our solution provides security at the IP layer of the network by using patented DNS lookup mechanisms to make connections between secure domain names, thereby obviating the need to provide application specific security.

Our Products

Our Gabriel Secure Communication Platform™, unlike other collaboration and communication products and services on the market today, does not require access to user’s confidential data and minimizes the threat of hacking and data mining. It enables individuals and organizations to maintain complete ownership and control over their personal and confidential data, secured within their own private network, while enabling authorized secure encrypted access from anywhere at any time. Our Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ is a set of applications that run on top of our Gabriel Secure Communication Platform™. It enables seamless and secure cross-platform communications between user’s devices. The following applications are included in the current release and can be easily accessed through the Gabriel interface:

• Secure chat - allows users to quickly send and receive text, files and screen shots

• Secure share - allows users to grant coworkers read/write access to desired folders

• Secure video/voice - provides users ability to conduct audio and/or video conferencing securely with any other Gabriel user

• Secure mail - allows users to send email and attachments directly from sender to recipient without requiring a centralized mail server

• Secure sync/backup - allows users to quickly push single files or automatically backup your files to one or multiple Gabriel destinations

Our Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ is available for download and free trial, for Android, iOS, Windows, Linux and Mac OS X platforms, at http://www.gabrielsecure.com/. We continue to enhance our products and add new functionality to our products. We will provide updates to new and existing customers as they are released publically. Over 80 small and medium businesses have installed our Gabriel Secure Communication Platform™ and Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ products in their corporate networks. We continue to rapidly expand our customer base with targeted promotions and direct sales initiatives.

Competitive Strengths

We believe the following competitive strengths will enable our success in the marketplace:

• Unique patented technology. We are focused on developing innovative technology for securing real-time communications over the Internet, and establishing the exclusive secure domain name registry in the United States and other key markets around the world. Our unique solutions combine industry standard encryption methods and communication protocols with our patented techniques for automated DNS lookup mechanisms. Our technology and patented approach enables users to create a secure communication link by generating secure domain names. We currently own approximately 39 U.S. and 66 foreign patents with approximately 75 pending patents applications worldwide. Our portfolio includes patents and pending patent applications in the United States and other key markets that support our secure domain name registry service for the Internet.

• Scalable licensing business model. We are actively engaged in pursuing additional licensing agreements with OEMs, service providers and system integrators within the IP-telephony, mobility, mobile-to-mobile communications, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications end-markets.

• Highly experienced research and development team. Our research and development team is comprised of nationally recognized network security and encryption technology scientists and experts that have worked together as a team for over ten years. During their careers, this team has developed several cutting-edge technologies for U.S. national defense, intelligence and civilian agencies, many of which remain critical to our national security today. Prior to joining VirnetX, our team worked for Leidos, during which time they invented the technology that is the foundation of our technology, and software. Based on the collective knowledge and experience of our development team, we believe that we have one of the most experienced and sophisticated groups of security experts researching vulnerability and threats to real-time communication over the Internet and developing solutions to mitigate these problems.

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Our Strategy

Our strategy is to become the market leader in securing real-time communications over the Internet and to establish our GABRIEL Communications Technology™ as the industry standard security platform. Key elements of our strategy are to:

• Actively promote our Gabriel Secure Communication Platform™ and Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ products in the general market for sale directly to end-user enterprises with targeted promotions and other marketing programs.

• Continue to grow our technology licensing program to commercialize our intellectual property, including our GABRIEL Connection Technology™ by adding more licensees in partnership with IPValue.

• Establish VirnetX as the exclusive universal registry of secure domain names and to enable our customers to act as registrars for their users and broker secure communication between users on different registries.

We have submitted a declaration with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, or 3GPP, identifying a group of our patents and patent applications that we believe are or may become essential to certain developing specifications in the 3GPP LTE, SAE project. We have agreed to make available a non-exclusive patent license under fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions, with compensation, or FRAND, to 3GPP members desiring to implement the technical specifications identified by us. We have also submitted a number of updates to our original declaration, identifying additional technical specifications that would also require a license to our US and International patents.

License and Service Offerings

We offer a diversified portfolio of license and service offerings focused on securing real-time communications over the Internet, including:

• VirnetX technology licensing: Customers who want to develop their own implementation of the VirnetX code module for supporting secure domain names, or who want to use their own techniques that are covered by our patent portfolio for establishing secure communication links, could purchase a technology license. We anticipate that these licenses would typically include an initial license fee, as well as an ongoing royalty. We expect that these licenses will include a one-time delivery of GABRIEL software development kit including object libraries, sample code, testing and quality assurance tools and the supporting documentation necessary for a customer to implement of the techniques we have developed.

• GABRIEL Connection Technology™ Software Development Kit or SDK: OEM customers who want to adopt the GABRIEL Connection Technology™ as their solution for establishing secure connections using secure domain names within their products could purchase an SDK license. The software development kit consists of object libraries, sample code, testing and quality assurance tools and the supporting documentation necessary for a customer to implement our technology. These tools are comprised of software for a secure domain name connection test server, a relay test server and a registration test server. We expect that customers would pay an up-front license fee to purchase an SDK license and a royalty fee for every product shipped with the embedded VirnetX code module.

• Secure domain name registrar service: Customers, including service providers, telecommunication companies, ISPs, system integrators and OEMs could purchase a license to our secure domain name registrar service. We would provide the software suite and technology support to enable such customers to provision devices with secure domain names and facilitate secure connections between registered devices. This suite includes the following server software modules:

• Registrar server software: We anticipate that our registrar server software would enable customers to operate as a secure domain name registrar that provisions devices with secure domain names. The registrar server software is designed to provide an interface for our customers to register new virtual private domains and sub-domain names. This server module must be enrolled with the VirnetX secure domain name master registry to obtain its credentials before functioning as an authorized registrar.

• Connection server software: We anticipate that our connection server software would allow customers to provide connection services to enrolled devices. The connection services include registration of presence information for authenticated users and devices, presence information query request services, enforcement of policies and support for communication with peers behind firewalls.

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• Relay server software: We anticipate that our relay server software would allow customers to dynamically maintain connections and relay data to private IP addresses for network devices that reside behind firewalls. Secure domain name registrar service customers will enter into a technology licensing and revenue sharing agreement with VirnetX whereby we will typically receive an up-front licensing fee for the secure domain name registrar technology, as well as ongoing annual royalties for each secure domain name issued by the customer.

• Secure domain name master registry and connection service: As part of enabling the secure domain name registrar service, we expect that we will maintain and manage the secure domain name master registry. This service is expected to enroll all secure domain name registrar customers and generate the credentials required to function as an authorized registrar. It also is expected to provide connection services and universal name resolution, presence information and secure connections between authorized devices with secure domain names.

• Technical support services: We intend to provide high-quality technical support services to licensees and customers for the rapid customization and deployment of GABRIEL Connection Technology™ in an individual customer’s products and services.

Our research and development team was the team responsible for inventing the claimed subject matter of the patents that form the foundation of our technology. This team has worked together for over ten years. We intend to leverage this experience and continue investing in research and development and, over time, expect to strengthen and expand our patent portfolio, technology, and software. While we are currently focused on securing real-time communications over the Internet and establishing the first and only secure domain name registry, we believe our existing and future intellectual property portfolio will extend to additional areas including, among others, network security and operating systems for fixed and mobile devices.

Customers

Our Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ is available for download and free trial, for Android, iOS, Windows, Linux and Mac OS X platforms, at http://www.gabrielsecure.com/. We continue to enhance our products and add new functionality to our products. We will provide updates to new and existing customers as they are released publically. Over 80 small and medium businesses have installed our Gabriel Secure Communication Platform™ and Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ products in their corporate networks. We continue to rapidly expand our customer base with targeted promotions and direct sales initiatives.

We have signed Patent License Agreements with Aastra USA, Inc. Avaya, Inc., Microsoft, Mitel Networks Corporation, NEC Corporation and NEC Corporation of America, Siemens Enterprise Communications GmbH & Co. KG, and Siemens Enterprise Communications Inc. to license certain of our patents, for a one-time payment and an ongoing royalty for all future sales through the expiration of the licensed patents with respect to certain current and future IP-encrypted products.

We intend to seek further license of our technology, including our GABRIEL Connection Technology™ to developers and original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, of chips, servers, smart phones, tablets, e-Readers, laptops, net books and other devices, within the IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications markets including 4G/LTE. We have published our royalty rates and guidelines on our website. All forward moving licenses have adhered to these guidelines and have met or exceeded these rates and we will use these rates and guidelines in all future license negotiations.

Marketing and Sales

We plan to employ a leveraged, partner-oriented, marketing strategy for our technology licenses and software product offerings. We are actively working on a number of sales and marketing promotions that may involve online and direct sales programs as we seek to build out our customer base in 2016.

We plan to directly market our Gabriel Secure Communication Platform™ and Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ products, domain name registry services to our service provider and system integrator customers. We market our Gabriel line of products directly to small and medium businesses using online marketing programs and tools. We hope to leverage our relationship with Leidos, to extend our offering to departments and agencies within the federal government. Leidos is a FORTUNE 500® scientific, engineering and technology applications company that uses its deep domain knowledge to solve problems of vital importance to the nation and the world, in national security, energy

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and the environment, critical infrastructure, and health. We intend to leverage our sales team for managing current accounts and pursuing sales opportunities with new customers.

Competition

We believe our technology and solutions will compete primarily against various proprietary security solutions. We group these solutions into three main categories:

• Proprietary or home-grown application specific security solutions have been developed by vendors and integrated directly into their products for our target markets including IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence, and unified communications. These proprietary solutions have been developed due to the lack of standardized approaches to securing real-time communications. This approach has led to corporate networks that are isolated and, as a result, restrict enterprises to using these next-generation networks within the boundaries of their private network. These solutions generally do not provide security for communications over the Internet or require network administrators to manually exchange keys and other security parameters with each destination network outside their corporate network boundary. The cost-savings and other benefits of IP-based real-time communications are significantly limited by this approach to securing real-time communications.

• A session border controller, or SBC, is a device used in networks to exert control over the signaling and media streams involved in establishing, conducting and terminating VoIP calls. A traditional firewall or network address translation, or NAT, device typically block information like endpoint IP addresses and port numbers required by signaling protocols, such as SIP and XMPP, to reach and communicate with their intended destination. SBCs are used in physical networks to address these limitations and enable real-time session traffic to cross the boundaries created by firewalls and other NAT devices and enable VoIP calls to be established successfully. However, SBCs must decrypt and analyze every single data packet for the information to be transmitted successfully, thereby preventing end-to-end encryption. This network design results in SBCs becoming a single point of congestion on the network, as well as a single point of failure. SBCs are also limited to the physical network they secure.

• SIP firewalls, or SIP-aware firewalls, and application layer gateways, manage and protect the traffic, flow and quality of VoIP and other SIP-related communications. They perform real-time network address translation, dynamic firewall functions; support multiple signaling protocols, and media functionality, allowing secure interconnection and the flow of IP media streams across multiple networks. While SIP firewalls assist in analyzing SIP traffic transmitted over the corporate network to filter out various threats, they do not necessarily encrypt the traffic. As a result, this traffic is not entirely secure from end-to-end nor is it protected against threats like man-in-middle and eavesdropping.

Intellectual Property and Patent Rights

Our intellectual property is primarily comprised of trade secrets, patented know-how, issued and pending patents, copyrights and technological innovation.

We currently own approximately 39 U.S. and 66 foreign patents with approximately 75 pending patents applications worldwide. Our portfolio includes a number of patents that describe unique systems and methods for securing real-time communications over the Internet, as well as related services such as the establishment and maintenance of a secure domain name registry. Our software and technology solutions also have additional applications relating to operating systems and network security. A complete list of our US patents is available on our website located at www.virnetx.com. Each patent is publicly accessible on the Internet website of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office at www.uspto.gov. The term of each of our issued U.S. and foreign patents will expire during the period from 2019 to 2024.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that might incorporate future filings, the information set forth on the United States Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO Website, shall not be deemed to be a part of or incorporated by reference into any such filings. The Company does not warrant the accuracy, or completeness or adequacy of the USPTO Website, and expressly disclaims liability for errors or omissions on such website.

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Assignment of Patents

Some of our issued patents and pending patent applications were acquired by our principal operating subsidiary, VirnetX, Inc., from Leidos, pursuant to an Assignment Agreement dated December 21, 2006, and a Patent License and Assignment Agreement dated August 12, 2005, as amended on November 2, 2006, including documents prepared pursuant to the November amendment, and as further amended on March 12, 2008. We recorded the assignment from Leidos, with the U.S. Patent Office on December 21, 2006.

Key terms of these agreements are as follows:

Patent Assignment. Leidos, unconditionally and irrevocably conveyed, transferred, assigned and quitclaimed all its right, title and interest in and to the patents and patent applications, as specifically set forth on Exhibit A to the assignment document recorded with the U.S. Patent Office, including, without limitation, the right to sue for past infringement.

License to Leidos, Outside the Field of Use. On November 2, 2006, we granted to Leidos, an exclusive, royalty free, fully paid, perpetual, worldwide, irrevocable, sub licensable and transferable right and license permitting Leidos, and its assignees to make, have made, import, use, offer for sale, and sell products and services covered by, and to make improvements to, the patents and patent applications we acquired from Leidos, solely outside our field of use. We have, and retain, all right, title and interest to all our patents within our field of use. On March 12, 2008, Leidos relinquished the November 2, 2006, exclusive right and license outside our field of use referred to above, as well as any right to obtain such exclusive license in the future. Effective March 12, 2008, we granted to Leidos, a non-exclusive, royalty free, fully paid, perpetual, worldwide, irrevocable, sub licensable and transferable right and license permitting Leidos, and its assignees to make, have made, import, use, offer for sale, and sell products and services covered by, and to make improvements to, the patents and patent applications we acquired from Leidos, solely outside our field of use.

Compensation Obligations. As consideration for the assignment of the patents and for the rights we obtained from Leidos, as amended, we are required to make payments to Leidos, based on cash or certain other values generated from those patents. The amount of such payments depends upon the type of value generated, and certain categories are subject to maximums and other limitations. As of June 30, 2010, we met our maximum royalty payment requirement; however, Leidos, is also entitled under certain circumstances to receive a portion of the proceeds paid to us for certain acquisitions of VirnetX, from the settlement of certain patent infringement claims of ours.

Government Regulation

The laws governing online secure communications remain largely unsettled, even in areas where there has been legislative action. It may take years to determine whether and how existing laws governing intellectual property, privacy and libel apply to online communications and media. Such legislation may interfere with the growth in use of online secure communications and decrease the acceptance of online secure communications as a viable solution, which could adversely affect our business.

Due to the Internet’s popularity and increasing use, new laws regulating secure communications may be adopted. These laws and regulations may cover, among other things, issues relating to privacy, pricing, taxation, telecommunications over the Internet, content, copyrights, distribution and quality of products and services. We intend to comply with all new laws and regulations as they are adopted.

The U.S. government has controlled the authoritative domain name system, or DNS, root server since the inception of the Internet. On July 1, 1997, the President of the United States directed the U.S. Secretary of Commerce to privatize the management of the domain name system in a manner that increases competition and facilitates international participation in its management.

On September 29, 2006, the U.S. Department of Commerce extended its delegation of authority by entering into a new agreement with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, or ICANN, a California non-profit corporation headquartered in Marina Del Rey, California. ICANN is responsible for managing the accreditation of registry providers and registrars that manage the assignment of top level domain names associated with the authoritative DNS root directory. Although it is possible to create and manage other DNS root directories privately without accreditation from ICANN, the possibility of conflicting name and number assignments makes it less likely that users would widely adopt a top level domain name associated with an alternative DNS root directory provided by a non-ICANN-accredited registry service.

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Employees

As of December 31, 2015 we had 20 full and part-time employees.

Corporate Overview and History

VirnetX, Inc., was incorporated in the State of Delaware in August 2005. In November 2006, VirnetX acquired certain patents from Leidos. In July 2007, we effected a reverse merger between PASW, Inc. and VirnetX, which became our principal operating subsidiary. As a result of this merger, the former security holders of VirnetX came to own a majority of our outstanding common stock. On October 29, 2007 we changed our name from PASW, Inc. to VirnetX Holding Corporation.

Available Information

We file or furnish various reports, such as registration statements, periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other materials with the SEC. Our Internet website address is www.virnetx.com. You may obtain, free of charge on our Internet website, copies of our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information we post is intended for reference purposes only; none of the information posted on our website is part of this report or incorporated by reference herein.

In addition to the materials that are posted on our website, you may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and other information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC. The Internet address of the SEC’s Internet site is http://www.sec.gov.

Item 1A.   Risk Factors

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described below, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the trading price of our common and capital stock. You should carefully consider the following information and the other information in this Form 10-K in evaluating our business and prospects before making an investment decision with respect to our common stock. The risks and uncertainties we describe below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business.

We may not be able to capitalize on market opportunities related to our licensing strategy or our patent portfolio.

Our business strategy includes licensing our patents and technology to other companies in order to reach a larger end-user base than we could reach through direct sales and marketing efforts. As such, our business strategy and revenues will depend on intellectual property licensing fees and royalties for the majority of our revenues. We currently derive nominal revenue from licensing activities and we cannot assure you that we will successfully capitalize on our market opportunities or that our current business strategy will succeed. Factors that may affect our ability to execute our current business strategy including, but are not limited to:

• Although we have to date entered into a limited number of settlement and license agreements, we may not be successful in entering into further licensing relationships and existing settlement and license agreements may not generate the financial results we expect;

• Third parties may challenge the validity of our patents;

• The pendency of our various litigations may cause potential licensees not to do business with us;

• We expect that we will face intense competition from new and established competitors who may have superior products and services or better marketing, financial or other capacities than we do; and

• It is possible that one or more of our potential customers or licensees develops or otherwise sources products or technologies similar to, competitive with or superior to ours.

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If we are not able to adequately protect our patent rights, our business would be negatively impacted.

We believe our patents are valid, enforceable and valuable. Notwithstanding this belief, third parties may make claims of non-infringement or invalidity claims with respect to our patents and such claims could give rise to material cost for defense or settlement or both, jeopardize or substantially delay a successful outcome of litigation we are or may become involved in, divert resources away from our other activities, or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business. Similar challenges could also prevent us from obtaining additional patents in the future. Even if we are successful in enforcing our rights, our patents may not ultimately provide us with any competitive advantages and may be less valuable than we currently expect. These risks may be heightened in countries other than the United States, and may be negatively affected by the fact that legal standards in the United States and elsewhere for protection of intellectual property rights in Internet-related businesses are uncertain and still evolving. In addition, there are a significant number of United States and foreign patents and patent applications in our areas of interest, and we expect that significant litigation in these areas will continue, and will add uncertainty to the value of certain patents and other intellectual property rights in our areas of interest. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights or otherwise realize value from them, our business would be negatively affected.

Our litigation can be time-consuming, costly and we cannot anticipate the results.

We spend a significant amount of our financial and management resources to pursue our current litigation matters. We believe that these litigation matters and others that we may in the future determine to pursue could continue for years and continue to consume significant financial and management resources. The counterparties to our litigation are all large, well-financed companies with substantially greater resources than us. We cannot assure you that any of our current or future litigation matters will result in a favorable outcome for us. In addition, even if we obtain favorable interim rulings or verdicts in particular litigation matters, they may not be predictive of the ultimate resolution of the dispute. Also, we cannot assure you that we will not be exposed to claims or sanctions against us which may be costly or impossible for us to defend. Any future intellectual property litigation, whether or not determined in our favor or settled by us, is costly, may cause delays (including delays in negotiating licenses with other actual or potential customers). Unfavorable or adverse outcomes may result in losses, exhaustion of financial resources or other adverse effects which could encumber our ability to develop and commercialize products, which may impact our stock price.

We can provide no assurances that the licensing of our essential security patents under FRAND will be successful.

At the request of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS), we agreed to update our licensing declaration to ETSI and ATIS under their respective Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) policies. This was in response to our Statement of Patent Holder identifying a group of our patents and patent applications that we believe are or may become essential to certain developing specifications in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), Systems Architecture Evolution (SAE) project. We will make available a non-exclusive patent license under FRAND (fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions, with compensation) for the patents identified by VirnetX that are or become essential, to applicants desiring to implement the Technical Specifications identified by VirnetX, as set forth in the updated licensing declaration under the ATIS and ETSI IPR policies. While we believe that our FRAND commitment positions us to license our essential security patents for the Technical Specifications identified by VirnetX, our licensing declarations under the ATIS and ETSI IPR policies may limit our flexibility in determining royalties and license terms for certain of our patents. Consequently, we cannot assure you that the licensing of the essential security patents will be successful or that third parties will be willing to enter into licenses with VirnetX on reasonable terms or at all, which could have an adverse effect on our business and harm our competitive position.

Because our business is conducted or expected to be conducted in an environment that is subject to rapid change, we may be subjected to various developments in regulation, law and consumer preferences to which we may not be able to adapt successfully.

The current regulatory environment for our products and services remains unclear. We can give no assurance that our planned product offerings will be in compliance with laws and regulations of local, state, United States federal or foreign authorities. Further, we can give no assurance that we will not unintentionally violate such laws or regulations or that such laws or regulations will not be modified, or that new laws or regulations will be enacted in the future which would cause us to be in violation of such laws or regulations. For example, Voice-over-Internet Protocol (or

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VoIP) services are not currently subject to all of the same regulations that apply to traditional telephony, but it is possible that similar regulations may be applied to VoIP in the future and that these could result in substantial costs and adversely affects the marketability of our products and planned products related to VoIP. Additionally, the use of the Internet and private Internet Protocol (IP) networks for communication is largely unregulated within the United States, but may become regulated in the future; also several foreign governments have enacted measures that could restrict or prohibit voice communications services over the Internet or private IP networks.

More aggressive domestic or international regulation of the Internet in general, and Internet telephony providers and services specifically, or a lack of growth in acceptance of the Internet as a long term viable marketplace for communications services, may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and future prospects.

We compete in a rapidly changing competitive environment and the success of our business depends upon continued market acceptance and utilization of certain applications and communications channels.

Our business depends on deployment of Advanced – LTE products and services, the growth of instant messaging, VoIP, mobile services, streaming video, file transfer and remote desktop and other next-generation Internet-based applications which are relatively new. A decline in the use of these applications and communications channels due to complexity or cost of these applications relative to alternate traditional or newly developed communications channels, or development of alternative technologies, could cause a material decline in the number of users in these areas.

Our exposure to outside influences beyond our control, including new legislation, court rulings or actions by the United States Patent and Trademark Office, could adversely affect our licensing and enforcement activities and results of operations.

Our licensing and enforcement activities are subject to numerous risks from outside influences, including the following:

• New legislation, regulations, court and agency decisions, or rules related to obtaining patents or enforcing patents could significantly increase our operating costs and decrease our revenue. For instance, the U.S. Supreme Court has recently modified some tests used by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in granting patents during the past 20 years which may decrease the likelihood that we will be able to obtain patents and increase the likelihood of challenge of any patents we obtain or license. In addition, the Leahy-Smith America Act (“AIA”) has implemented sweeping changes to the United States patent system including changes that transition the United States from a “first-to-invent” system to a “first to file” system and alter the processes for challenging issued patents

• More patent applications are filed each year resulting in longer delays in getting patents issued by the USPTO.

• Federal courts are becoming more crowded, and as a result, patent enforcement litigation is taking longer.

If we experience security breaches, we could be exposed to liability and our reputation and business could suffer.

We expect to retain certain confidential customer information in our secure data centers and secure domain name registry. It will be critical to our business strategy that our facilities and infrastructure remain secure and are perceived by the marketplace to be secure. Our secure domain name registry operations will also depend on our ability to maintain our computer and telecommunications equipment in effective working order and to reasonably protect our systems against interruption, and potentially depend on protection by other registrars in the shared registration system. The secure domain name servers that we will operate will be critical hardware to our registry services operations. Therefore, we expect to have to expend significant time and money to maintain or increase the security of our facilities and infrastructure. Security technologies are constantly being tested by computer professionals, academics and “hackers.” Advances in the techniques for attacking security solutions could make some or all of our products obsolete or unmarketable. Likewise, if any of our products are found to have significant security vulnerabilities, then we may need to dedicate engineering and other resources to eliminate the vulnerabilities and to repair or replace products already sold or licensed to our customers. Despite our security measures, our infrastructure may be vulnerable to physical break-ins, computer viruses, attacks by hackers or similar disruptive problems. It is possible that we may have to expend additional financial and other resources to address such problems. Any physical

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or electronic break-in or other security breach or compromise of the information stored at our secure data centers and domain name registration systems may jeopardize the security of information stored on our premises or in the computer systems and networks of our customers. In such an event, we could face significant liability and customers could be reluctant to use our services. Such an occurrence could also result in adverse publicity and therefore adversely affect the market’s perception of the security of electronic commerce and communications over IP networks as well as the security or reliability of our services. Additionally, an actual or perceived security breach of our customers or their end-customers, regardless of whether the breach is attributable to the failure of our data security technologies, could adversely affect the market's perception of our security technologies.

A security breach could require a substantial amount of expense to rectify and could result in a product liability claim that causes us to incur substantial liability and related legal and other costs. A security breach may also harm our reputation and make it more difficult or impossible for us to successfully market to others. We may not be able to correct any security flaws or vulnerabilities promptly, or at all. These matters could harm our operating results and financial condition.

We expect that we will experience long and unpredictable sales cycles, which may impact our operating results.

We expect that our sales cycles will be long and unpredictable due to a number of uncertainties such as:

• The need to educate potential customers about our patent rights and our product and service capabilities;

• Customers’ willingness to invest potentially substantial resources and modify their network infrastructures to take advantage of our products;

• Even if successful there can be no assurance that our technologies will be used in a product that is ultimately brought to market, achieves commercial acceptance or results in significant royalties to us;

• Customers’ budgetary constraints;

• The timing of customers’ budget cycles; and

• Delays caused by customers’ internal review processes.

Long sales cycles may increase the risk that our financial resources are exhausted before we are able to generate significant revenue. If our sales and licensing efforts are very lengthy or unsuccessful, it may adversely affect our business and results of operations as a result of failure to obtain or an undue delay in obtaining royalties.

If we are unable to establish, maintain or replace our relationships with customers and develop a diversified customer base, our revenues may fluctuate and our growth may be limited.

Revenue from the sale of our Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ is expected to take some time to ramp before it generates significant revenue. Until such time a significant portion of our future revenues will be generated from a limited number of customers that have signed Settlement and License Agreements with us over the last few years. There can be no guarantee that we will be able to obtain additional customers, or if we do so, to sustain our revenue levels from them. If we are not able to establish, maintain or replace customers that generate a substantial majority of our revenues, or if they do not generate revenues as the levels or at the times that we anticipate, our ability to maintain or grow our revenues will be adversely affected.

Our products are highly technical and may contain undetected errors, which could cause harm to our reputation and adversely affect our business.

Our products are highly technical and complex and, when deployed, could contain errors or defects. Despite rigorous internal and external beta testing, some errors in our products may only be discovered after a product has been installed and used by customers. Any errors or defects discovered in our products after commercial release could result in failure to achieve market acceptance, loss of revenue or delay in revenue recognition, loss of customers and increased service and warranty cost, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, we could face claims for product liability, tort or breach of warranty, including claims relating to changes to our products made by our channel partners. The performance of our products could have unforeseen or unknown adverse effects on the networks over which they are delivered as well as on third-party applications and services that utilize our services, which could result in legal claims against us, harming our business. Furthermore, we expect to provide implementation, consulting and other technical services in connection with the implementation

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and ongoing maintenance of our products, which typically involves working with sophisticated software, computing and communications systems. We expect that our contracts with customers will contain provisions relating to warranty disclaimers and liability limitations, which may not be upheld. Defending a lawsuit, regardless of its merit, is costly and may divert management’s attention and adversely affect the market’s perception of us and our products. In addition, if our business liability insurance coverage proves inadequate or future coverage is unavailable on acceptable terms or at all, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

Compatibility issues between third-party communications infrastructure, hardware and software expose us to a variety of risks we cannot control.

Our business will also depend upon the capacity, reliability and security of the infrastructure owned by third parties that we will use to deploy our offerings. We have no control over the operation, quality or maintenance of a significant portion of that infrastructure or whether or not those third parties will upgrade or improve their equipment. We depend on these companies to maintain the operational integrity of our connections. If one or more of these companies is unable or unwilling to supply or expand its levels of service to us in the future, our operations could be severely interrupted. Also, to the extent the number of users of networks utilizing our future products suddenly increases, the technology platform and secure hosting services which will be required to accommodate a higher volume of traffic may result in slower response times or service interruptions. System interruptions or increases in response time could result in a loss of potential or existing users and, if sustained or repeated, could reduce the appeal of the networks to users. In addition, users depend on real-time communications; outages caused by increased traffic could result in delays and system failures. These types of occurrences could cause users to perceive that our solution does not function properly and could therefore adversely affect our ability to attract and retain licensees, strategic partners and customers.

System failure or interruption or our failure to meet increasing demands on our systems could harm our business.

The success of our license and service offerings will depend on the uninterrupted operation of various systems, secure data centers and other computer and communication networks that we establish. To the extent that the number of users of networks utilizing our future products suddenly increases, the technology platform and hosting services which will be required to accommodate a higher volume of traffic may result in slower response times, service interruptions or delays or system failures. Our systems and operations will also be vulnerable to damage or interruption from:

• power loss, transmission cable cuts and other telecommunications failures;

• damage or interruption caused by fire, earthquake, and other natural disasters

• computer viruses or software defects; and

• physical or electronic break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism, terrorist attacks and other events beyond our control

System interruptions or failures and increases or delays in response time could result in a loss of potential or existing users and, if sustained or repeated, could reduce the appeal of the networks to users. These types of occurrences could cause users to perceive that our solution does not function properly or is incapable of adapting to system interruptions, which could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain licensees, strategic partners and customers.

Any significant problem with our systems or operations could result in lost revenue, customer dissatisfaction or lawsuits against us. A failure in the operation of our secure domain name registration system could result in the inability of one or more registrars to register and maintain secure domain names for a period of time. A failure in the operation or update of the master directory that we plan to maintain could result in deletion or discontinuation of assigned secure domain names for a period of time. The inability of the registrar systems we establish, including our back office billing and collections infrastructure and telecommunications system, to meet the demands of an increasing number of secure domain name requests, could result in the breakdown of our customer support service to and inhibit our ability to process registration requests in a timely manner.

Our ability to sell our solutions will be dependent on the quality of our technical support, and our failure to deliver high-quality technical support services could have a material adverse effect on our sales and results of operations.

If we do not effectively or are perceived as not effectively assisting our customers in deploying our products, helping them quickly resolve post-deployment issues and providing effective ongoing support, our ability to sell our products would be adversely affected, and our reputation with potential customers could be harmed. In addition, as we expand

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our operations internationally, our technical support team will face additional challenges, including those associated with delivering support, training and documentation in languages other than English. Our failure to deliver and maintain high-quality technical support services to our customers in the U.S. and internationally could result in customers choosing to use our competitors’ products instead of ours in the future.

We rely upon the accuracy of our customers' recordkeeping, and any inaccuracies or payment disputes for amounts owed to us under our licensing agreements may harm our results of operations

Many of our license agreements require our customers to document the manufacture and sale of products that incorporate our technology and report this data to us. While licenses with such terms give us the right to audit books and records of our customers to verify this information, audits rarely are undertaken because they can be expensive, time consuming, and potentially detrimental to our ongoing business relationship with our customers. Therefore, we typically rely on the accuracy of the reports from customers without independently verifying the information in them. Our failure to audit our customers' books and records may result in our receiving more or less royalty revenue than we are entitled to under the terms of our license agreements. If we conduct royalty audits in the future, such audits may trigger disagreements over contract terms with our customers and such disagreements could hamper customer relations, divert the efforts and attention of our management from normal operations and impact our business operations and financial condition.

Telephone carriers have petitioned governmental agencies to enforce regulatory tariffs, which, if granted, would increase the cost of online communication, and such an increase in cost may impede the growth of online communication and adversely affect our business.

Use of the Internet has over-burdened existing telecommunications infrastructures, and many high traffic areas have begun to experience interruptions in service. As a result, certain local telephone carriers have petitioned governmental agencies to enforce regulatory tariffs on IP telephony traffic that crosses over their traditional telephone networks. If the relief sought in these petitions is granted, the costs of communicating via online could increase substantially, potentially adversely affecting the growth in the use of online secure communications. Any of these developments could have an adverse effect on our business.

The departure of Kendall Larsen, our Chief Executive Officer and President, and/or other key personnel could compromise our ability to execute our strategic plan and may result in additional severance costs to us.

Our success largely depends on the skills, experience and efforts of our key personnel, including Kendall Larsen, our Chief Executive Officer and President. We have no employment agreements with any of our key executives that prevent them from leaving us at any time. The loss of the services of any key employees could be disruptive to our ability to execute our strategic plan and could cause our business and operations to suffer. In addition, we do not maintain key person life insurance for any of our officers or key employees. The loss of Mr. Larsen, or our failure to retain other key personnel, would jeopardize our ability to execute our strategic plan and materially harm our business.

We will need to recruit and retain additional qualified personnel to successfully grow our business.

Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to attract and retain qualified operations, marketing, engineering, sales and executive personnel as well as engineers. Inability to attract and retain such personnel could adversely affect our business. Competition for operations, marketing, engineering, sales and executive personnel is intense, particularly in the technology sector and in the region in which our facility is located. We can provide no assurance that we will attract or retain such personnel.

We may identify future material weaknesses which may result in late filings, increased costs or declines in our share price.

Although we believe that we currently maintain effective control over our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting as regards this issue, we may in the future identify deficiencies regarding the design and effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting. If we experience any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future or are unable to provide unqualified management or attestation reports about our internal controls, we may be unable to meet financial and other reporting deadlines and may incur costs associated with remediation, any of which could cause our share price to decline.

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We do not currently pay dividends on our common stock and thus stockholders must look to appreciation of our common stock to realize a gain on their investments.

Although we paid a special cash dividend to holders of our common stock in 2010, we do not pay regular dividends on our common stock. Instead, we intend to retain our cash and future earnings, if any, to fund our business plan. Our future dividend policy is within the discretion of our Board of Directors and the decision to declare a dividend will depend upon various factors, including our business, financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, and investment opportunities. We therefore cannot determine whether our Board of Directors will determine to pay regular or special dividends in the future. Accordingly, unless our Board of Directors determines to pay dividends, stockholders will be required to look to appreciation of our common stock, which may or may not occur, to realize a gain on their investment.

The exercise of our outstanding stock options would result in a dilution of our current stockholders' voting power and an increase in the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market which may negatively impact the market price of our stock.

The exercise of our outstanding vested stock options would dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders. As of December 31, 2015, we had outstanding options and restricted stock units to purchase an aggregate of 5,367,384 shares of common stock (representing 10.09% of our total shares outstanding as of December 31, 2015) of which 4,118,135 are vested and therefore exercisable. To the extent outstanding stock options are exercised, additional shares of common stock will be issued, and such issuance would dilute non-exercising stockholders' percentage voting interests and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market.

Trading in our common shares is limited and the price of our common shares may be subject to substantial volatility, particularly in light of the instability in the financial and capital markets.

Our common stock is listed on NYSE MKT LLC, but its daily trading volume has been limited, sporadic and volatile. Over the past years the market price of our common stock has experienced significant fluctuations. Between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015, the reported last sale price for our common stock ranged between $2.27 and $7.58 per share. The price of our common stock may continue to be volatile as a result of a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include, but not limited to, the following:

• developments in any then-outstanding litigation;

• quarterly variations in our operating results;

• large purchases or sales of common stock or derivatives transactions related to our stock;

• actual or anticipated announcements of new products or services by us or competitors;

• general conditions in the markets in which we compete; and

• economic and financial conditions.

The market price of our common stock may decline because our operating results may not be consistent and may be difficult to predict.

Our reported net income has fluctuated in the past due to several factors. We expect that our future operating results may also fluctuate due to the same or similar factors. We had a net loss $27.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, a net loss of $9.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 and a net loss of $29.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 with an accumulated deficit of $129.7 million. The following include some of the factors that may cause our operating results to fluctuate:

• the outcome of actions to enforce our intellectual property rights currently in progress or that we may undertake in the future, and the timing thereof;

• the amount and timing of receipt of license fees from potential infringers, licensees or customers;

• the rate of adoption of our patented technologies;

• the number of new license arrangements we may execute, or that may expire, within a particular period and the scope of those licenses, including the number of our patents which are licensed, the extent of prior infringement of our patent rights, royalty rates, timing of payment obligations, expiration date etc.;

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• the success of a licensee in selling products that use our patented technologies; and

• the amount and timing of expenses related to our patent filings and enforcement proceedings, including litigation, related to our intellectual property rights

These fluctuations may make our business particularly difficult to manage, adversely affect our business and operating results, make our operating results difficult for investors to predict and, further, cause our results to fall below investor’s expectations and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Because ownership of our common stock is concentrated, investors may have limited influence on stockholder decisions.

As of December 31, 2015, our executive officers and directors beneficially owned approximately 18% of our then outstanding common stock. In addition, a group of stockholders that, as of December 31, 2007, held 4,766,666 shares, or approximately 11%, of our then outstanding common stock, have entered into a voting agreement with us that requires them to vote all of their shares of our voting stock in favor of the director nominees approved by our Board of Directors at each director election going forward, and in a manner that is proportional to the votes cast by all other voting shares as to any other matters submitted to the stockholders for a vote. However, we cannot be certain how many shares of our common stock this group of stockholders currently owns. Because of their beneficial ownership interest, our officers and directors could significantly influence stockholder actions of which you disapprove or that are contrary to your interests. This ability to exercise significant influence could prevent or significantly delay another company from acquiring or merging with us.

Our protective provisions could make it difficult for a third party to successfully acquire us even if you would like to sell your stock to them.

We have a number of protective provisions that could delay, discourage or prevent a third party from acquiring control of us without the approval of our Board of Directors. Our protective provisions include:

• A staggered Board of Directors: This means that only one or two directors (since we have a five-person Board of Directors) will be up for election at any given annual meeting. This has the effect of delaying the ability of stockholders to effect a change in control of us because it would take two annual meetings to effectively replace a majority of the Board of Directors.

• Blank check preferred stock: Our Board of Directors has the authority to establish the rights, preferences and privileges of our 10,000,000 authorized, but unissued, shares of preferred stock. Therefore, this stock may be issued at the discretion of our Board of Directors with preferences over your shares of our common stock in a manner that is materially dilutive to you. In addition, blank check preferred stock can be used to create a “poison pill” which is designed to deter a hostile bidder from buying a controlling interest in our stock without the approval of our Board of Directors. We have not adopted such a “poison pill;” but our Board of Directors has the ability to do so in the future, very rapidly and without stockholder approval.

• Advance notice requirements for director nominations and for new business to be brought up at stockholder meetings: Stockholders wishing to submit director nominations or raise matters to a vote of the stockholders must provide notice to us within very specific date windows and in very specific form in order to have the matter voted on at a stockholder meeting. This has the effect of giving our Board of Directors and management more time to react to stockholder proposals generally and could also have the effect of disregarding a stockholder proposal or deferring it to a subsequent meeting to the extent such proposal is not raised properly.

• No stockholder actions by written consent: No stockholder or group of stockholders may take actions rapidly and without prior notice to our Board of Directors and management or to the minority stockholders. Along with the advance notice requirements described above, this provision also gives our Board of Directors and management more time to react to proposed stockholder actions.

• Super majority requirement for stockholder amendments to the By-laws: Stockholder proposals to alter or amend our By-laws or to adopt new By-laws can only be approved by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding shares of our common stock.

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• No ability of stockholders to call a special meeting of the stockholders: Only the Board of Directors or management can call special meetings of the stockholders. This could mean that stockholders, even those who represent a significant percentage of our shares of common stock, may need to wait for the annual meeting before nominating directors or raising other business proposals to be voted on by the stockholders.

In addition, the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporate Law govern us. These provisions may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us for a certain period of time.

These and other provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our By-laws and under Delaware law could discourage potential takeover attempts, reduce the price that investors might be willing to pay for shares of our common stock in the future and result in the market price being lower than it would be without these provisions.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None

Item 2. Properties.

Our principal executive offices are located at 308 Dorla Court, Suite 206, Zephyr Cove, Nevada, 89448. We lease this property, which comprises approximately 2,090 square feet of office space, from a third party for a term that ends in 2017. We have no other properties and believe that our office facility is suitable and appropriately supports our current business needs.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We have one intellectual property infringement lawsuit pending against Apple, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, pursuant to which we allege that this party infringes on certain of our patents. We seek damages and injunctive relief in all the complaints.

VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) – Consolidated Lead Case

On March 30, 2015, the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, issued an order finding substantial overlap between the remanded portions of the Civil Action Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED (VirnetX vs. Cisco et. al.), and the ongoing Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.). The court consolidated the two civil actions under Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.) and designated it as the lead case. The jury trial in this case was held on January 25, 2016. On February 4, 2016, a jury in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, awarded us $625.6 million in a verdict against Apple Corporation for infringing four of our US patents, marking it the second time a federal jury has found Apple liable for infringing VirnetX’s patented technology. The verdict includes royalties awarded to us based on an earlier patent infringement finding (Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED) against Apple. The jury found that Apple’s modified VPN On-Demand, iMessage and FaceTime services infringed VirnetX’s patents and that Apple’s infringement was willful. In addition to determining the royalty owed by Apple for its prior infringement, this verdict also includes an award based on the jury’s finding that Apple’s modified VPN On Demand, iMessage and FaceTime services have continued to infringe VirnetX’s patents. In its order, issued on February 16, 2016, the court has set all post-trial motions for hearing on May 25, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Texarkana Division. The court has also ordered both parties to attend mediation by May 16, 2016.

VirnetX Inc. v. Cisco Systems, Inc. et al. (13-1489-LP VirnetX, Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED)

On August 11, 2010, we initiated a lawsuit by filing a complaint against Aastra, Apple, Cisco, and NEC in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, pursuant to which we alleged that these parties infringe on certain of our patents. We sought damages and injunctive relief. Aastra and NEC agreed to sign license agreements with us and we agreed to drop all the accusations of infringement against them. At the pre-trial hearing, the judge decided to conduct separate jury trial for each defendant, and try only the case against Apple on the scheduled trial date. The jury trial of our case against Cisco was held on March 4, 2013. The jury in our case against Cisco came back with a verdict of non-infringement also determined that all our patents-in-suit patents are not invalid. Our motions for a new trial and Cisco’s infringement of certain VirnetX patents were denied and the case against Cisco was closed.

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The jury trial of our case against Apple was held on October 31, 2012. On November 6, 2012, a jury in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, awarded us over $368 million in a verdict against Apple Corporation for infringing four of our patents. On February 26, 2013, the court issued its Memorandum Opinion and Order regarding post-trial motions resulting from the prior jury verdict denying Apple’s motion to reduce the damages awarded by the jury for past infringement. The Court further denied Apple’s request for a new trial on the liability and damages portions of the verdict and granted our motions for pre-judgment interest, post-judgment interest, and post-verdict damages to date. The Court ordered that Apple pay $34 in daily interest up to final judgment and $330 in daily damages for infringement up to final judgment for certain Apple devices included in the verdict. The Court denied our request for a permanent injunction and severed the future infringement portion into its own separate proceedings under Case 6:13-CV-00211-LED.

On July 3, 2013, Apple filed an appeal of the judgment dated February 27, 2013 and order dated June 4, 2013 denying Apple’s motion to alter or amend the judgment to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (USCAFC). On September 16, 2014, USCAFC issued their opinion, affirming the jury’s finding that all 4 of our patents are valid, confirming the jury’s finding of infringement of VPN on Demand under many of the asserted claims of our ‘135 and ‘151 patents, and confirming the district’s court’s decision to allow evidence concerning our licenses and royalty rates in connection with the determination of damages. In its opinion, the USCAFC also vacated the jury’s damages award and the district court’s claim construction with respect to parts of our ‘504 and ‘211 patents and remanded the damages award and determination of infringement with respect to FaceTime –for further proceedings consistent with its opinion. On October 16, 2014, we filed a petition with the USCAFC, requesting a rehearing and rehearing en banc of the Federal Circuit’s September 14, 2014, decision concerning VirnetX’s litigation against Apple Inc. On December 16, 2014, USCAFC denied our petition requesting a rehearing and rehearing en banc of the Federal Circuit's September 14, 2014, decision and remanded the case back to the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, for further proceedings consistent with its opinion. On February 25, 2015, USCAFC granted Apple's motions to lift stay of proceedings and vacate Case 6:13-CV-00211-LED. All the issues at hand in Case 6:13-CV-00211-LED will now be addressed as a part of VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) - Consolidated Lead Case. On March 30, 2015, the court issued an order finding substantial overlap between the remanded portions of this case and the ongoing Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.). The court consolidated the two civil actions under Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.) and designated it as the lead case. All future updates will now be provided under VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) – Consolidated Lead Case.

VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED)

On November 6, 2012, we filed a new complaint against Apple Inc., in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division for willfully infringing four of our patents, U.S. Patent Nos. 6,502,135, 7,418,504, 7,921,211 and 7,490,151, and seeking both an unspecified amount of damages and injunctive relief. The accused products include the iPhone 5, iPod Touch 5th Generation, iPad 4th Generation, iPad mini, and the latest Macintosh computers. Due to their release dates, these products were not included in the previous lawsuit that concluded with a Jury verdict on November 6, 2012 that was subsequently upheld by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, on February 26, 2013. On July 1, 2013, we filed a consolidated and amended complaint to include U.S. Patent No. 8,051,181 and consolidate Civil Action No. 6:11-cv-00563-LED. On August 27, 2013, we filed an amended complaint including allegations of willful infringement related to U.S. Patent No. 8,504,697 seeking both damages and injunctive relief. The Markman hearing in this case was held on May 20, 2014 and on August 8, 2014, issued its Markman Order, denying Apple’s motion for summary judgment of indefiniteness, in which Apple alleged that some of the disputed claims terms in the patents asserted by us were invalid for indefiniteness. In a separate order, the court granted in part and denied in part our motion for partial summary judgment on Apple’s invalidity counterclaims, precluding Apple from asserting invalidity as a defense against infringement of the claims that were tried before a jury in our prior litigation against Apple (VirnetX vs. Cisco et. al., Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED). The jury trial in this case was scheduled for October 13, 2015. On March 30, 2015, the court issued an order finding substantial overlap between this case and the remanded portions of Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED (VirnetX vs. Cisco et. al.). The court consolidated the two civil actions under Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.) and designated it as the lead case. All future updates will now be provided under VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) – Consolidated Lead Case.

One or more potential intellectual property infringement claims may also be available to us against certain other companies who have the resources to defend against any such claims. Although we believe these potential claims are

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worth pursuing, commencing a lawsuit can be expensive and time-consuming, and there is no assurance that we will prevail on such potential claims. In addition, bringing a lawsuit may lead to potential counterclaims which may preclude our ability to commercialize our initial products, which are currently in development. Currently, we are not a party to any other pending legal proceedings, and are not aware of any proceeding threatened or contemplated against us by any governmental authority or other party.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure.

Not applicable

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PART II

Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

Our common stock currently trades under the symbol “VHC” on the NYSE MKT LLC.

The following table shows the price range of our common stock, as reported on the NYSE MKT LLC, for each quarter ended during the last two fiscal years.

Quarter Ended	High		Low
3/31/14	$	25.49	$	12.68
6/30/14	$	18.57	$	12.10
9/30/14	$	18.24	$	4.18
12/31/14	$	6.85	$	3.80
3/31/15	$	8.09	$	4.66
6/30/15	$	7.48	$	4.02
9/30/15	$	4.76	$	2.71
12/31/15	$	4.29	$	2.12

The closing price of our common stock on the NYSE MKT LLC on March 2, 2016 was $4.96 per share.

Holders

As of March 2, 2016, we had 39 stockholders of record. Because many of our shares of common stock are held of record by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of beneficial stockholders represented by such record holders.

Dividends

We do not currently intend to begin paying a regular dividend in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

Performance Graph

This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), or incorporated by reference into any filing of VirnetX under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

 

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The stock price performance reflected on this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. See the disclosure in part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors”

	12/10		12/11		12/12		12/13		12/14		12/15
VirnetX Holding Corp		100.00		168.15		197.17		130.71		36.97		17.31
S&P 500		100.00		102.11		118.45		156.82		178.29		180.75
RDG Technology Composite		100.00		100.56		115.30		152.75		177.73		181.32

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

During the year ended December 31, 2015, we had no sales of unregistered securities and no repurchases of stock.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data. (in thousands except per share data)

The consolidated statement of operations data for the three years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 and the balance sheet data at December 31, 2015 and 2014, are derived from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statement of operations data for the two years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the balance sheet data at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are derived from our audited financial statements not included in this annual report on Form 10-K.

The selected consolidated financial data below are not necessarily indicative of future performance and should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

	For the year ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013			2012			2011
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue	$	1,555		$	1,249		$	2,197		$	412		$	20
Gain on settlement	$	—		$	23,000		$	—			—			—
Other operating expenses	$	(30,732	)	$	(36,414	)	$	(30,784	)	$	(39,273	)	$	(17,396	)
Income tax (expense) benefit	$	(8	)	$	(15	)	$	(751	)	$	12,535		$	5,480
Net loss	$	(29,234	)	$	(9,902	)	$	(27,608	)	$	(26,924	)	$	(17,263	)
Earnings (loss) per share	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.54	)	$	(0.53	)	$	(0.35	)
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.00		$	0.00		$	0.00		$	0.00		$	0.00
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,726		$	18,658		$	19,173		$	19,661		$	49,482
Investments available for sale	$	9,954		$	22,571		$	19,815		$	26,493		$	14,438
Total assets	$	22,172		$	45,090		$	39,398		$	61,313		$	74,633
Stockholders’ equity	$	15,095		$	32,627		$	34,024		$	53,944		$	68,277

(a) The gain on settlement in 2014 relates to a cash settlement of litigation with Microsoft.

(b) In 2010, we had a taxable income of $75 million, which allowed us to carry back 2012 and 2011 NOLs for tax refunds. Due to the tax refunds derived from carrying back the 2012 and 2011 NOLs, we recognized the tax benefit of $12.5 million in 2012, and $5.5 million in 2011. In addition, we made a determination to provide a full valuation allowance for our net deferred tax assets at the end of 2012 and 2011 based on our evaluation of positive and negative evidence, including our history of operating losses and the uncertainty of generating future taxable income that would enable it to realize its deferred tax assets.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Company Overview

We develop software and technology solutions for securing real-time communications over the Internet. Our patented GABRIEL Connection Technology™ combines industry standard encryption protocols with our patented techniques for automated domain name system, or DNS, lookup mechanisms, and enables users to create a secure communication link using secure domain names over wired or wireless (4G/LTE) networks. Our Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ is available for download and free trial, for Android, iOS, Windows, Linux and Mac OS X platforms, at http://www.gabrielsecure.com/. We continue to enhance our products and add new functionality to our

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products. We will provide updates to new and existing customers as they are released to the general public. Over 80 small and medium businesses have installed our Gabriel Secure Communication Platform™ and Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ products in their corporate networks. We continue to rapidly expand our customer base with targeted promotions and direct sales initiatives. We also intend to establish the exclusive secure domain name registry in the United States and other key markets around the world.

Our portfolio of intellectual property is the foundation of our business model. We currently own over 100 U.S. and international patents with over 75 pending applications. Our patent portfolio is primarily focused on securing real-time communications over the Internet, as well as related services such as the establishment and maintenance of a secure domain name registry. Our patented methods also have additional applications in the key areas of device operating systems and network security for Cloud services, M2M communications in areas of Smart City, Connected Car and Connected Home.

We have submitted a declaration with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, or 3GPP, identifying a group of our patents and patent applications that we believe are or may become essential to certain developing specifications in the 3GPP LTE, SAE project. We have agreed to make available a non-exclusive patent license under fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions, with compensation, or FRAND, to 3GPP members desiring to implement the technical specifications identified by us. We believe that we are positioned to license our essential security patents to 3GPP members as they move into 4G.

We believe that the market opportunity for our software and technology solutions is large and expanding as secure domain names are now an integral part of securing the next generation 4G/LTE Advanced wireless networks and M2M communications in areas including Smart City, Connected Car and Connected Home. We also believe that all 4G/LTE Advanced mobile devices will require unique secure domain names and become part of a secure domain name registry.

We intend to license our patent portfolio, technology and software, including our secure domain name registry service, to domain infrastructure providers, communication service providers as well as to system integrators. We intend to seek further license of our technology, including our GABRIEL Connection Technology™ to enterprise customers, developers and original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, of chips, servers, smart phones, tablets, e-Readers, laptops, net books and other devices, within the IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications markets including 4G/LTE. We have published our royalty rates and guidelines on our website. All forward moving licenses have adhered to these guidelines and have met or exceeded these rates and we will use these rates and guidelines in all future license negotiations.

Our software and technology solutions, including our Secure Domain Name Registry and GABRIEL Connection Technology™, are designed to facilitate secure communications and provide the security platform required by next-generation Internet-based applications such as instant messaging, or IM, voice over Internet protocol, or VoIP, mobile services, streaming video, file transfer, remote desktop and, or M2M communications. Our technology generates secure connections on a “zero-click” or “single-click” basis, significantly simplifying the deployment of secure real-time communication solutions by eliminating the need for end-users to enter any encryption information.

Our product Gabriel Secure Communication Platform™, unlike other collaboration and communication products and services on the market today, does not require access to user’s confidential data and minimizes the threat of hacking and data mining. It enables individuals and organizations to maintain complete ownership and control over their personal and confidential data, secured within their own private network, while enabling authorized secure encrypted access from anywhere at any time. Our Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ is a set of applications that run on top of our Gabriel Secure Communication Platform™. It enables seamless and secure cross-platform communications between user’s devices that have our software installed. Our Gabriel Collaboration Suite™ is available for download and free trial, for Android, iOS, Windows, Linux and Mac OS X platforms, at http://www.gabrielsecure.com/. We continue to enhance our products and add new functionality to our products. We will provide updates to new and existing customers as they are released to the general public.

We have signed Patent License Agreements with Avaya Inc., Aastra USA, Inc., Microsoft, Mitel Networks Corporation, NEC Corporation and NEC Corporation of America, Siemens Enterprise Communications GmbH & Co. KG, and Siemens Enterprise Communications Inc. to license certain of our patents, for a one-time payment and/or an ongoing royalty for all future sales through the expiration of the licensed patents with respect to certain current

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and future IP-encrypted products. We have engaged IPVALUE Management Inc. to assist us in commercializing our portfolio of patents on securing real-time communications over the Internet. Under the multi-year agreement, IPVALUE will originate and assist us with negotiating transactions related to patent licensing worldwide with respect to certain third parties.

Our employees include the core development team behind our patent portfolio, technology and software. This team has worked together for over ten years and is the same team that invented and developed this technology while working at Leidos, is a FORTUNE 500® scientific, engineering and technology applications company that uses its deep domain knowledge to solve problems of vital importance to the nation and the world, in national security, energy and the environment, critical infrastructure and health. The team has continued its research and development work started at Leidos, and expanded the set of patents we acquired in 2006 from Leidos, into a larger portfolio with over 100 U.S. and international patents with over 75 pending applications. This portfolio now serves as the foundation of our licensing business and planned service offerings and is expected to generate the majority of our future revenue in license fees and royalties. We intend to continue our research and development efforts to further strengthen and expand our patent portfolio. See – Operations – Research and Development Expenses for a description of our research and development expenses for the past three fiscal years discussed below.

We intend to continue using an outsourced and leveraged model to maintain efficiency and manage costs as we grow our licensing business by, for example, offering incentives to early licensing targets or asserting our rights for use of our patents. We also intend to expand our design pilot in participation with leading 4G/LTE companies (domain infrastructure providers, chipset manufacturers, service providers, and others) and build our secure domain name registry.

Developments in the Year Ended December 31, 2015

Litigation

We have one intellectual property infringement lawsuit pending against Apple, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, pursuant to which we allege that this party infringes on certain of our patents. We seek damages and injunctive relief in all the complaints.

VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) – Consolidated Lead Case

On March 30, 2015, the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, issued an order finding substantial overlap between the remanded portions of the Civil Action Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED (VirnetX vs. Cisco et. al.), and the ongoing Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.). The court consolidated the two civil actions under Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.) and designated it as the lead case. The jury trial in this case was held on January 25, 2016. On February 4, 2016, a jury in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, awarded us $625.6 million in a verdict against Apple Corporation for infringing four of our US patents, marking it the second time a federal jury has found Apple liable for infringing VirnetX’s patented technology. The verdict includes royalties awarded to us based on an earlier patent infringement finding (Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED) against Apple. The jury found that Apple’s modified VPN On-Demand, iMessage and FaceTime services infringed VirnetX’s patents and that Apple’s infringement was willful. In addition to determining the royalty owed by Apple for its prior infringement, this verdict also includes an award based on the jury’s finding that Apple’s modified VPN On Demand, iMessage and FaceTime services have continued to infringe VirnetX’s patents. In its order, issued on February 16, 2016, the court has set all post-trial motions for hearing on May 25, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Texarkana Division. The court has also ordered both parties to attend mediation by May 16, 2016.

VirnetX Inc. v. Cisco Systems, Inc. et al. (13-1489-LP VirnetX, Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED)

On August 11, 2010, we initiated a lawsuit by filing a complaint against Aastra, Apple, Cisco, and NEC in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, pursuant to which we alleged that these parties infringe on certain of our patents. We sought damages and injunctive relief. Aastra and NEC agreed to sign license agreements with us and we agreed to drop all the accusations of infringement against them. At the pre-trial hearing, the judge decided to conduct separate jury trial for each defendant, and try only the case against Apple on the scheduled trial date. The jury trial of our case against Cisco was held on March 4, 2013. The jury in our case against Cisco came back with a verdict of non-infringement also determined that all our patents-in-suit patents are not invalid. Our motions for a new trial and Cisco’s infringement of certain VirnetX patents were denied and the case against Cisco was closed.

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The jury trial of our case against Apple was held on October 31, 2012. On November 6, 2012, a jury in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, awarded us over $368 million in a verdict against Apple Corporation for infringing four of our patents. On February 26, 2013, the court issued its Memorandum Opinion and Order regarding post-trial motions resulting from the prior jury verdict denying Apple’s motion to reduce the damages awarded by the jury for past infringement. The Court further denied Apple’s request for a new trial on the liability and damages portions of the verdict and granted our motions for pre-judgment interest, post-judgment interest, and post-verdict damages to date. The Court ordered that Apple pay $34 in daily interest up to final judgment and $330 in daily damages for infringement up to final judgment for certain Apple devices included in the verdict. The Court denied our request for a permanent injunction and severed the future infringement portion into its own separate proceedings under Case 6:13-CV-00211-LED.

On July 3, 2013, Apple filed an appeal of the judgment dated February 27, 2013 and order dated June 4, 2013 denying Apple’s motion to alter or amend the judgment to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (USCAFC). On September 16, 2014, USCAFC issued their opinion, affirming the jury’s finding that all 4 of our patents are valid, confirming the jury’s finding of infringement of VPN on Demand under many of the asserted claims of our ‘135 and ‘151 patents, and confirming the district’s court’s decision to allow evidence concerning our licenses and royalty rates in connection with the determination of damages. In its opinion, the USCAFC also vacated the jury’s damages award and the district court’s claim construction with respect to parts of our ‘504 and ‘211 patents and remanded the damages award and determination of infringement with respect to FaceTime –for further proceedings consistent with its opinion. On October 16, 2014, we filed a petition with the USCAFC, requesting a rehearing and rehearing en banc of the Federal Circuit’s September 14, 2014, decision concerning VirnetX’s litigation against Apple Inc. On December 16, 2014, USCAFC denied our petition requesting a rehearing and rehearing en banc of the Federal Circuit's September 14, 2014, decision and remanded the case back to the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, for further proceedings consistent with its opinion. On February 25, 2015, USCAFC granted Apple's motions to lift stay of proceedings and vacate Case 6:13-CV-00211-LED. All the issues at hand in Case 6:13-CV-00211-LED will now be addressed as a part of VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) - Consolidated Lead Case. On March 30, 2015, the court issued an order finding substantial overlap between the remanded portions of this case and the ongoing Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.). The court consolidated the two civil actions under Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.) and designated it as the lead case. All future updates will now be provided under VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) – Consolidated Lead Case.

VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED)

On November 6, 2012, we filed a new complaint against Apple Inc., in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division for willfully infringing four of our patents, U.S. Patent Nos. 6,502,135, 7,418,504, 7,921,211 and 7,490,151, and seeking both an unspecified amount of damages and injunctive relief. The accused products include the iPhone 5, iPod Touch 5th Generation, iPad 4th Generation, iPad mini, and the latest Macintosh computers. Due to their release dates, these products were not included in the previous lawsuit that concluded with a Jury verdict on November 6, 2012 that was subsequently upheld by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, on February 26, 2013. On July 1, 2013, we filed a consolidated and amended complaint to include U.S. Patent No. 8,051,181 and consolidate Civil Action No. 6:11-cv-00563-LED. On August 27, 2013, we filed an amended complaint including allegations of willful infringement related to U.S. Patent No. 8,504,697 seeking both damages and injunctive relief. The Markman hearing in this case was held on May 20, 2014 and on August 8, 2014, issued its Markman Order, denying Apple’s motion for summary judgment of indefiniteness, in which Apple alleged that some of the disputed claims terms in the patents asserted by us were invalid for indefiniteness. In a separate order, the court granted in part and denied in part our motion for partial summary judgment on Apple’s invalidity counterclaims, precluding Apple from asserting invalidity as a defense against infringement of the claims that were tried before a jury in our prior litigation against Apple (VirnetX vs. Cisco et. al., Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED). The jury trial in this case was scheduled for October 13, 2015. On March 30, 2015, the court issued an order finding substantial overlap between this case and the remanded portions of Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED (VirnetX vs. Cisco et. al.). The court consolidated the two civil actions under Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.) and designated it as the lead case. All future updates will now be provided under VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) – Consolidated Lead Case.

One or more potential intellectual property infringement claims may also be available to us against certain other companies who have the resources to defend against any such claims. Although we believe these potential claims are

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worth pursuing, commencing a lawsuit can be expensive and time-consuming, and there is no assurance that we will prevail on such potential claims. In addition, bringing a lawsuit may lead to potential counterclaims which may preclude our ability to commercialize our initial products, which are currently in development. Currently, we are not a party to any other pending legal proceedings, and are not aware of any proceeding threatened or contemplated against us by any governmental authority or other party.

Patents

On February 17, 2015, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) denied five petitions for inter partes review (“IPR”) filed by Apple Inc. These petitions sought review of certain claims of our U.S. Patent Nos. 7,418,504, 7,490,151, and 7,921,211. The USPTO found that the petitions were not filed within the time limit imposed by the applicable statute because related IPRs initiated by Microsoft Corp., which Apple Inc. had sought to join, had been dismissed.

On May 11, 2015, the USPTO entered two final decisions in IPR proceedings filed by Apple Inc., finding certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 8,504,697 to be unpatentable. We have filed an appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit with respect to these decisions.

On July 29, 2015, the USPTO entered two final decisions in IPR proceedings filed by Apple Inc., finding certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 7,987,274 to be unpatentable. We have filed an appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit with respect to these decisions.

On August 24, 2015, the USPTO entered two final decisions in IPR proceedings filed by Apple Inc., finding certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 7,188,180 to be unpatentable. We have filed an appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit with respect to these decisions.

On September 11, 2015, the USPTO granted a petition for IPR filed by Apple Inc. seeking review of certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 8,850,009, and two petitions for IPR filed by Apple Inc. seeking review of certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 8,868,705.

On September 16, 2015, the USPTO denied a petition for IPR filed by Apple Inc. seeking review of certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 8,850,009.

On September 29, 2015, the USPTO entered a final decision in a inter partes reexamination filed by Apple Inc. finding certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 8,051,181 to be unpatentable. We have filed an appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit with respect to this decision.

On October 1, 2015, the USPTO granted two petitions for IPR filed by Apple Inc. seeking review of certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 8,560,705, one petition for IPR filed by Apple Inc. seeking review of certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 8,516,131, and one petition for IPR filed by Apple Inc. seeking review of certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 8,458,341. On the same day, the USPTO also denied one petition for IPR filed by Apple Inc. seeking review of certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 8,516,131, and denied one petition for IPR filed by Apple Inc. seeking review of certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 8,458,341.

On October 7, 2015, the USPTO granted a petition for IPR filed by The Mangrove Partners Master Fund, Ltd. seeking review of certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 7,490,151, and a petition for IPR filed by The Mangrove Partners Master Fund, Ltd. seeking review of certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 6,502,135.

On October 29, 2015, the USPTO granted two petitions for IPR filed by Apple Inc. seeking review of certain claims of our U.S. Patent No. 8,843,643.

Commitments and Related Party Transactions

We lease our offices under an operating lease with a third party expiring in October 2017 for $5 per month. We recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

On January 31, 2015 we entered into a 12 month non-exclusive lease for the use of an aircraft from K2 Investment Fund LLC (“LLC”) for business travel for employees of our Company. We incurred approximately $593 in rental fees (including fees and other reimbursements) to the LLC during the year ended December 31, 2015. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Administrative Officer are the managing partners of the LLC and control the equity interests of the LLC. The lease for use of the plane calls for a rental-rate of $8 per flight hour, with no minimum usage requirement. The agreement contains other terms and conditions normal in such transactions and can be cancelled by

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either us or the LLC with a 30 day notice. The lease renews on an annual basis unless terminated by the Lessor or Lessee. Neither party has yet exercised their termination rights.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. The critical accounting policies we employ in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are those which involve impairment of long-lived assets, income taxes, fair value of financial instruments and stock-based compensation.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of VirnetX Holding Corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the fair values of financial instruments, fair values of stock-based awards, income taxes, and derivative liabilities, among others. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

Revenue Recognition

We derive our revenue from patent licensing. The timing and amount of revenue recognized from each licensee depends upon a variety of factors, including the specific terms of each agreement and the nature of the deliverables and obligations. Such agreements may be complex and include multiple elements. These agreements may include, without limitation, elements related to the settlement of past patent infringement liabilities, up-front and non-refundable license fees for the use of patents, patent licensing royalties on covered products sold by licensees, and the compensation structure and ownership of intellectual property rights associated with contractual technology development arrangements. Licensing agreements are accounted for under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) revenue recognition guidance, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.” This guidance requires consideration to be allocated to each element of an agreement that has stand-alone value using the relative fair value method. In other circumstances, such as those agreements involving consideration for past and expected future patent royalty obligations, after consideration of the particular facts and circumstances, the appropriate recording of revenue between periods may require the use of judgment. In all cases, revenue is only recognized after all of the following criteria are met: (1) written agreements have been executed; (2) delivery of technology or intellectual property rights has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) fees are fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability of fees is reasonably assured.

Patent License Agreements: As of December 31, 2015, we had entered into six patent license agreements. Upon signing a patent license agreement, including licenses entered into upon settlement of litigation, we provide the licensee permission to use our patented technology in specific applications. We account for patent license agreements in accordance with the guidance for revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple deliverables, with amounts allocated to each element based on their fair values. We have elected to utilize the leased-based model for revenue recognition with revenue being recognized over the expected period of benefit to the licensee. Under our patent license agreements, we do or expect to typically receive one or a combination of the following forms of payment as consideration for permitting our licensees to use our patented inventions in specific applications and products:

• Consideration for Past Sales: Consideration related to a licensee’s product sales from prior periods may result from a negotiated agreement with a licensee that utilized our patented technology prior to signing a patent license agreement with us or from the resolution of a litigation, disagreement or arbitration with a licensee over the specific terms of an existing license agreement. We may also receive royalty for past sales in connection with the settlement of patent litigation where there was no prior patent license agreement.

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These amounts are negotiated, typically based upon application of a royalty rate to historical sales prior to the execution of the license agreement. In each of these cases, since delivery has occurred, we record the consideration as revenue when we have obtained a signed agreement, identified a fixed or determinable price, and determined that collectability is reasonably assured.

• Current Royalty Payments: Ongoing royalty payments cover a licensee’s obligations to us related to its sales of covered products in the current contractual reporting period. Licensees that owe these current royalty payments are obligated to provide us with quarterly or semi-annual royalty reports that summarize their sales of covered products and their related royalty obligations to us. We expect to receive these royalty reports subsequent to the period in which our licensees’ underlying sales occurred. As a result, it is impractical for us to recognize revenue in the period in which the underlying sales occur, and, in most cases, we will recognize revenue in the period in which the royalty report is received and other revenue recognition criteria are met due to the fact that without royalty reports from our licensees, our visibility into our licensees’ sales is limited.

• Non-Refundable Up-Front Fees and Minimum Fee Contracts: For licenses that provide for non-refundable up-front or fixed minimum fees over their term, for which we have no future obligations or performance requirements, revenue is generally recognized over the license term. For licenses that provide for fees that are not fixed or determinable, including licenses that provide for extended payment terms and/or payment of a significant portion of the fee after expiration of the license or more than 12 months after delivery, the fees are generally presumed not to be fixed or determinable, and revenue is deferred and recognized as earned, but not in advance of collection.

• Non-Royalty Elements: Elements that are not related to royalty revenue in nature, such as settlement fees, expense reimbursement, and damages, if any, are recorded as gain from settlement which is reflected as a separate line item within the operating expenses section in the consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred revenue

In August 2013 we began receiving annual payments on a contract that requires payment to us over 4 years of $10,000 (“August 2013 Contract Settlement”). From the inception of that license to December 31, 2015, we received cash totaling $7,500, all of which is non-refundable. We recognized $1,500, $1,167 and $1,833 of revenue related to the August 2013 Contract Settlement during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively.

Activity under the August 2013 Contract Settlement was as follows (in thousands):

	2015		2014		2013
Deferred Revenue, beginning of year	$	2,000	$	667	$	—
Payment received		2,500		2,500		2,500
Less: Amount amortized as revenue		1,500		1,167		1,833
Deferred Revenue, end of year	$	3,000	$	2,000	$	667

Royalty Expense

Royalty expense for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $5,265, $6,100 and zero respectively, and was a result of our royalty agreement with Leidos. There was no expense for the year ended December 31, 2013. The agreement provides for revenue sharing and legal reimbursements related to attorney time and expenses incurred by Leidos during discovery and other aspects of litigation matters that have been resolved.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities had been issued. During the years ended 2015, 2014 and 2013 we incurred losses. Therefore, the effect of any Common Stock equivalent is anti-dilutive during those periods.

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Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Our cash and cash equivalents are primarily maintained at two major financial institutions in the United States. A portion of those balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. During the year ended December 31, 2015, and 2014 we had, at times, funds which were uninsured. We do not believe that we are subject to any unusual financial risk beyond the normal risk associated with commercial banking relationships with major financial institutions. We have not experienced any losses on our deposits of cash and cash equivalents.

Derivative Instruments

Our Series I Warrants contained an anti-dilution provision which prevented them from being considered indexed to our stock. As a result, the warrants were required to be accounted for as derivative instruments. The remaining balance of Series 1 Warrants expired during the year ended December 31, 2015.

We recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. We record changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of the derivatives in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We identify and record impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recoverable, but not less than annually. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the anticipated future net undiscounted cash flows to the related assets’ carrying value. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from the asset.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. The asset and liability method requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for expected future tax consequences of temporary differences that currently exist between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of our assets and liabilities. We calculate current and deferred tax provisions based on estimates and assumptions that could differ from actual results reflected on the income tax returns filed during the following years. Adjustments based on filed returns are recorded when identified in the subsequent years. The effect on deferred taxes for a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that the tax rate change is enacted. In assessing if we will realize our deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

A valuation allowance is provided for deferred income tax assets when, in our judgment, based upon currently available information and other factors, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of such deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The determination of the need for a valuation allowance is based on an on-going evaluation of current information including, among other things, historical operating results, estimates of future earnings in different taxing jurisdictions and the expected timing of the reversals of temporary differences. We believe the determination to record a valuation allowance to reduce a deferred income tax asset is a significant accounting estimate because it is based, among other things, on an estimate of future taxable income in the United States and certain other jurisdictions, which is susceptible to change and may or may not occur, and because the impact of adjusting a valuation allowance may be material. In determining when to release the valuation allowance established against our net deferred income tax assets, we consider all available evidence, both positive and negative. Consistent with our policy, and because of our history of operating losses, we do not currently recognize the benefit of all of our deferred tax assets, including tax loss carry forwards, that may be used to offset future taxable income. We continually assess our ability to generate sufficient taxable income during future periods in which our deferred tax assets may be realized. If and when we believe it is more likely than not that we will recover our deferred tax assets, we will reverse the valuation allowance as an income tax benefit in our statements of operations.

We account for our uncertain tax positions in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The purpose of this method is to clarify accounting for uncertain tax positions recognized. The U.S. GAAP method of accounting for uncertain tax positions utilizes a two-step approach to evaluate tax positions. Step one, recognition, requires evaluation of the tax position to determine if based solely on technical merits it is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. Step two, measurement, is addressed only if a position is more likely than not to be sustained. In step two, the tax benefit is

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measured as the largest amount of benefit, determined on a cumulative probability basis, which is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement with tax authorities. If a position does not meet the more likely than not threshold for recognition in step one, no benefit is recorded until the first subsequent period in which the more likely than not standard is met, the issue is resolved with the taxing authority, or the statute of limitations expires. Positions previously recognized are derecognized when we subsequently determine the position no longer is more likely than not to be sustained. Evaluation of tax positions, their technical merits, and measurements using cumulative probability are highly subjective management estimates. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Stock-based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation using the fair value recognition method. We recognize these compensation costs net of the applicable forfeiture rate and recognize the compensation costs for only those shares expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the option vesting term of 4 years. We estimate the forfeiture rate based on our historical experience, if any.

In addition, we record stock and options granted to non-employees at fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity investments issued as they vest over the performance period.

Fair Value

We apply fair value accounting to all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Our financial instruments are stated at amounts that equal, or are intended to approximate, fair value. When we approximate fair value, we utilize market data or assumptions that we believe market participants would use in pricing the financial instrument, including assumptions about risk and inputs to the valuation technique. We use quoted valuation techniques, primarily the income and market approach that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs for recurring fair value measurements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued “Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-17—Income Taxes (Topic 740)”. Current GAAP requires an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in a classified statement of financial position. To simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes, this Update requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments in this Update apply to all entities that present a classified statement of financial position. The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendments in this Update. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In April 2015, the FASB issued an ASU entitled “Interest - Imputation of Interest.” The ASU requires that an entity simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is allowed for all entities for financial statements that have not been previously issued. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

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In February 2015, the FASB issued an ASU entitled “Consolidation.” The ASU includes amendments to the consolidation analysis which are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption, including adoption in interim periods, is permitted. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In January 2015, the FASB issued an ASU entitled “Income Statement Extraordinary and Unusual Items.” The ASU requires that an entity simplify Income Statement presentation by eliminating the concept of “Extraordinary Items”. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted provided that the guidance is applied from the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern”, Subtopic 205-40, “Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern.” The amendments in this ASU apply to all entities and require management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the amendments (1) provide a definition of the term substantial doubt, (2) require an evaluation every reporting period including interim periods, (3) provide principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans, (4) require certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, (5) require an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated, and (6) require an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The amendments in this Update are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and results of operations.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718),” which makes amendments to the codification topic 718, “Accounting for Share-Based Payments,” when the terms of an award provide that a performance target could be achieved after the requisite service period. The new guidance becomes effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and results of operations.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606). Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605“Revenue Recognition”, including most industry-specific revenue recognition guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. In addition, the amendments create a new Subtopic 340-40,” Other Assets and Deferred Costs—Contracts with Customers”. In summary, the core principle of Topic 606 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. For a public entity, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is not permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

Operations (all amounts in this section are expressed in thousands)

Revenue

	2015		2014		2013
Revenue	$	1,555	$	1,249	$	2,197

Revenue generated for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $1,555 compared to December 31, 2014 of $1,249, and the December 31, 2013 revenue of approximately $2,197. Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2014 of $1,249, was largely a result of the 2013 Contract Settlement described under “Deferred Revenue” above. Under the terms of the 2013 Contract Settlement we are to be paid minimum annual payments of $2,500 over the contract period for a total of $10,000. During the year ended December 31, 2013 we recognized $1,500 of revenue for historical royalties (a portion of the settlement allocated to the use of our patented technology prior the execution of the license agreement) and $697 of revenue for royalties earned subsequent to the settlement, and other licensees. Revenues for historical royalties were estimated based on estimated past and future usage of our IP on our customer's products. During the year ended December 31, 2015 we recognized $1,500 of revenue for royalties from the 2013 Contract Settlement and $55 of revenue for royalties from other licensees.

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In addition to the settlement discussed above, during 2015, 2014 and 2013 we recognized royalty revenue as part of license agreements entered into with customers during the patent infringement actions (see Note 14 “Litigation”). These revenues relate to payment for use of our patented technology prior to the signing of a license agreement, and royalty payments after the execution of the license agreements. No amounts were allocable to settlement fees, expense reimbursement, damages or any other amounts other than historical and future sales as no such amounts were requested or received.

Research and Development Expenses

	2015		2014		2013
Research and Development	$	2,277	$	2,004	$	1,782

Research and development costs include expenses paid to outside development consultants and compensation-related expenses for our engineering staff. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Our research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $2,277 compared to December 31, 2014 of $2,004 and $1,782 for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase in 2015 compared to 2014 was primarily due to the increase in Staff, wages and bonuses. The increase in 2014 compared to 2013 was primarily due to increase in wages and bonuses paid in 2014 compared to 2013.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

	2015		2014		2013
Selling, General and Administrative	$	23,190	$	28,310	$	29,002

Selling, general and administrative expenses include compensation expense for management and administrative personnel, as well as expenses for outside legal, accounting, and consulting services.

Our selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $23,190 compared to December 31, 2014 of $28,310 and $29,002 for the year ended December 31, 2013. The decreases in 2015 and 2014 were primarily due to the decrease in legal fees. Legal fees represent approximately 41% of general and administrative expenses for 2015 as compared to 50% for 2014 and 56% for 2013.

Within selling, general and administrative expenses, legal fees for the year ended December 31, 2015 were $9,630 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014 of $14,012 and $16,363 for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Also included in operating expense in 2015 and 2014 is royalty expense of $5,265 and $6,100, respectively, paid to Leidos, in connection with the settlement with Microsoft, Avaya and Mitel et al. There were no royalty expenses in 2013.

Gain on Settlement

	2015		2014			2013
Gain on Settlement	$	—	$	(23,000	)	$	—

In December 2014, we received a $23,000 cash settlement resulting from litigation with Microsoft. In June 2010, we received a $200,000 cash settlement from litigation with Microsoft, in which we agreed to dismiss the pending lawsuits and any damages. The 2010 settlement agreement was amended in December 2014 to settle a subsequent lawsuit with Microsoft, raising the total cash settlement with Microsoft, as amended, to $223,000. In both the original settlement and the December 2014 amendment, we could not practically and objectively separate any settlement portion from the revenue element as discussed under the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 605 and as a result, the settlement proceeds are classified as a gain on settlement in our statement of operations.

Other Income and Expenses

	2015			2014		2013
Other Income and Expense	$	(117	)	$	2,238	$	(1,608	)

Our non-cash gain (loss) related to the periodic revaluation of our Series I Warrants liability for the year ended December 31, 2015 was ($117) compared to $2,238 for the year ended December 31, 2014 and ($1,608) for the year

35

ended December 31, 2013. Our non-cash gain (loss) related to the periodic revaluation of our Series I Warrants liability increased by $2,355 for the year ended December 31, 2015, decreased by $630 in the year ended December 31, 2014, as compared to the comparable period in 2013. The increase in 2015 is due to the exercise of Series I Warrants and termination of Warrants. All outstanding Series 1 Warrants expired in March 2015. The decrease in 2014 was as a result of a lower common share price during the year ended December 31, 2014.

Interest income for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $68 compared to $40 for the year ended December 31, 2014, and $122 for the year ended December 31, 2013. These changes are due to timing on the maturity of the investments as well as the amount of cash available for investments.

Effective Income Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the United States federal statutory income tax rate to our effective income tax rate is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,2015			Year Ended December 31,2014			Year Ended December 31,2013
United States federal statutory rate		35.00	%		35.00	%		35.00	%
State taxes, net of federal benefit		(0.04	%)		(0.02	%)		(1.48	%)
Valuation allowance		(33.36	%)		(41.67	%)		(37.11	%)
Stock options		(1.62	%)		0.39	%		(0.17	%)
Prior year adjustment		0.03	%		(0.13	%)		(1.32	%)
R&D Credit		0.38	%		—			—
Warrants		(0.14	%)		7.92	%		2.10	%
Other		(0.29	%)		(1.64	%)		0.18	%
Effective income tax rate		(0.04	%)		(0.15	%)		(2.80	%)

In 2015, 2014 and 2013, we had pre-tax losses of $21, $10 and $27 million, respectively, which are available for carry forward to offset future taxable income. We made determinations to provide full valuation allowances for our net deferred tax assets at the end of 2015, 2014 and 2013, including NOL carryforwards generated during the years, based on our evaluation of positive and negative evidence, including our history of operating losses and the uncertainty of generating future taxable income that would enable us to realize our deferred tax assets. The small provisions in 2015 and 2014 were related to the payment of miscellaneous penalties and minimum taxes. The 2013 tax provision of $751 was due primarily to a change in our estimate of taxable income for the 2012 period and a tax reserve for certain credits utilized in the 2010 tax return.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

For the year ended December 31, 2015, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $8,726 and our short-term investments totaled $9,954 compared to $18,658 and $22,571, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $19,173 and $19,815 respectively, as of December 31, 2013.

We expect that our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments as of December 31, 2015 will be sufficient to fund our current operations and provide working capital for general corporate purposes and legal expenses for the foreseeable future. We may undertake additional opportunities to seek to grow our business and as a result, we may seek to raise capital in some form within the next twelve months including the actions described below under “Universal Shelf Registration and ATM Offering”. Over the long term, we expect to derive the majority of our revenue from license fees and royalties associated with our patent portfolio, technology, software and secure domain name registry in the United States and other markets around the world.

Universal Shelf Registration and ATM Offering

On August 21, 2015 we filed a universal shelf registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission enabling us to offer and sell from time to time up to $100 million of equity, debt or other types of securities. We also entered into an at-the-market (“ATM”) equity offering sales agreement with Cowen & Company, LLC on August 20, 2015, under which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate value of up to $35 million. We expect to use proceeds from this offering for Gabriel product development and marketing, and general corporate purposes, which may include working capital, capital expenditures, other corporate expenses and acquisitions of complementary products, technologies or businesses.

36

During the year ended December 31, 2015, we sold 835,056 shares of common stock under the ATM program. The average sales price per common share was $4.04 and the aggregate proceeds from the sales totaled $3,378 during the period. Sales commissions, fees and other costs associated with the ATM transactions totaled $101.

Contractual Commitments

	Total		2016		2017		There after
Leases		102		56		46		—
Total	$	102	$	56	$	46		—

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2015, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We invest our excess cash primarily in highly liquid debt instruments including corporate, government and federal agency securities. By policy, we limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer.

Investments in fixed rate earning securities carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates. Due in part to these factors, our income from investments may decrease in the future.

We considered the historical volatility of short-term interest rates and determined that it was reasonably possible that an adverse change of 100 basis points could be experienced in the near term but would have an immaterial impact in the fair value of our marketable securities as they will be maturing in six months or less.

The embedded liability in the Series I Warrant obligations was recorded at estimated fair value. That estimated fair value was determined in large part by reference to our assumptions and estimates of various factors. Notably, our liability increased and incurred significant non-cash expenses, all other factors being constant, when the market price of our common shares increased. Conversely, our liability decreased and we recognized significant non-cash gains, all other factors being constant, when the market price of our common shares decreased. All remaining outstanding Series I Warrants expired in March 2015.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
   
Financial Statements Index

	Page
Report of Farber Hass Hurley LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		39
Consolidated Balance Sheets of VirnetX Holding Corporation as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014		40
Consolidated Statements of Operations of VirnetX Holding Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013		41
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss of VirnetX Holding Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013		41
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity of VirnetX Holding Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013		42
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of VirnetX Holding Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013		43
Notes to Financial Statements of VirnetX Holding Corporation		44

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Shareholders
VirnetX Holding Corporation

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of VirnetX Holding Corporation (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015. VirnetX Holding Corporation’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of VirnetX Holding Corporation, Inc. as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the consolidated results of their operations, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), VirnetX Holding Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 15, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion as to the effectiveness of the Company’s control over financial reporting.

	/s/ Farber Hass Hurley LLP
Chatsworth, California March 15, 2016

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VirnetX Holding Corporation

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share amounts)

	As of December 31, 2015			As of December 31, 2014
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,726		$	18,658
Investments available for sale		9,954			22,571
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		685			653
Total current assets		19,365			41,882
Prepaid expenses – non-current		2,759			3,144
Property and equipment, net		48			64
Total assets	$	22,172		$	45,090
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	2,283		$	3,327
Royalty payable		—			6,100
Accrued payroll and related expenses		1,383			227
Related-party payable		11			81
Income tax liability		400			408
Deferred revenue, current portion		1,500			1,500
Derivative liability		—			320
Total current liabilities		5,577			11,963
Deferred revenue, non-current portion		1,500			500
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)		—			—
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Authorized: 10,000,000 shares at December 31, 2015 and 2014,
Issued and outstanding: 0 shares at December 31, 2015 and 2014		—			—
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Authorized: 100,000,000 shares at December 31, 2015 and 2014, Issued and outstanding: 53,198,835 shares and 51,996,701 shares, at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively		5			5
Additional paid-in capital		144,778			133,072
Accumulated deficit		(129,669	)		(100,435	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(19	)		(15	)
Total stockholders' equity		15,095			32,627
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	22,172		$	45,090

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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VirnetX Holding Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014			Year Ended December 31, 2013
Revenue	$	1,555		$	1,249		$	2,197
Operating expenses:
Royalty expense		5,265			6,100			—
Research and development		2,277			2,004			1,782
Selling, general and administrative		23,190			28,310			29,002
Gain on settlement (Note 3)		—			(23,000	)		—
Total operating expenses		30,732			13,414			30,784
Loss from operations		(29,177	)		(12,165	)		(28,587	)
Gain (loss) on change in value of embedded derivative and warrants		(117	)		2,238			1,608
Interest income, net		68			40			122
Loss before taxes		(29,226	)		(9,887	)		(26,857	)
Income tax expense		(8	)		(15	)		(751	)
Net loss	$	(29,234	)	$	(9,902	)	$	(27,608	)
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.54	)
Weighted average shares outstanding basic and diluted		52,384,494			51,570,472			51,188,006

VirnetX Holding Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014			Year Ended December 31, 2013
Net loss	$	(29,234	)	$	(9,902	)	$	(27,608	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Change in equity adjustment from foreign currency translation, net of tax		(1	)		—			(12	)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax		(3	)		22			(33	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(4	)		22			(45	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(29,238	)	$	(9,880	)	$	(27,653	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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VirnetX Holding Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands, except share amounts)

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Other Comprehensive Income (Expense)			Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
	Shares		Amount
Balance at December 31, 2012		51,150,242	$	5	$	116,856	$	(62,925	)	$	8		$	53,944
Stock-based compensation						7,563								7,563
Exercise of options		39,833				170								170
Vested RSUs		46,066
Comprehensive income:
Net loss								(27,608	)					(27,608	)
Other comprehensive income net of tax											(45	)		(45	)
Comprehensive loss														(27,653	)
Balance at December 31, 2013		51,236,141	$	5	$	124,589	$	(90,533	)	$	(37	)	$	34,024
Stock issued for cash exercise of warrants at 3.59 per share, net		2,500				9								9
Stock-based compensation						8,189								8,189
Exercise of options		679,321				278								278
Vested RSUs		78,739
Derivative liability						7								7
Comprehensive income:
Net loss								(9,902	)					(9,902	)
Other comprehensive income net of tax											22			22
Comprehensive loss														(9,880	)
Balance at December 31, 2014		51,996,701	$	5	$	133,072	$	(100,435	)	$	(15	)	$	32,627
Stock issued for cash exercise of warrants at 3.59 per share, net		120,161				431								431
Stock issued for cash at $4.04 per share, net		835,056				3,276								3,276
Advisor warrant issuance						121								121
Stock-based compensation						7,275								7,275
Exercise of options		143,100				165								165
Vested RSUs		103,817
Derivative liability						438								438
Comprehensive income:
Net loss								(29,234	)					(29,234	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax											(4	)		(4	)
Comprehensive loss														(29,238	)
Balance at December 31, 2015		53,198,835	$	5	$	144,778	$	(129,669	)	$	(19	)	$	15,095

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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VirnetX Holding Corporation

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014			Year Ended December 31, 2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(29,234	)	$	(9,902	)	$	(27,608	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		26			25			36
Amortization of warrant issuance costs		91			—			—
Stock-based compensation		7,275			8,189			7,563
Change in value of derivative liability		117			(2,238	)		(1,608	)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(2	)		(296	)		(243	)
Prepaid expenses – Non-current		385			(3,144	)		—
Prepaid taxes		—			—			14,963
Deferred revenue		1,000			1,333			667
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(1,044	)		1,806			(1,449	)
Accrued payroll and related expenses		1,156			—			—
Royalty payable		(6,100	)		6,100			—
Related-party payable		(70	)		81			—
Income tax liability		(8	)		13			395
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(26,408	)		1,967			(7,284	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(10	)		(35	)		(7	)
Purchase of investments		(10,673	)		(45,500	)		(92,729	)
Proceeds from sale, maturity of investments		23,287			42,766			99,362
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		12,604			(2,769	)		6,626
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of common stock		3,276			—			—
Proceeds from exercise of options		165			278			170
Proceeds from exercise of warrants		431			9			—
Net cash provided by financing activities		3,872			287			170
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(9,932	)		(515	)		(488	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year		18,658			19,173			19,661
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	$	8,726		$	18,658		$	19,173
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for taxes	$	6		$	2		$	—
Cash paid during the year for interest	$	—		$	—		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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VirnetX Holding Corporation
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

Note 1 - Formation and Business of the Company

VirnetX Holding Corporation, which we refer to as” we”, “us”, “our”, “the Company” or “VirnetX”, is engaged in the business of commercializing a portfolio of patents. We seek to license our technology, including GABRIEL Connection Technology™, to various original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, that use our technologies in the development and manufacturing of their own products within the IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications markets. Prior to 2012 our revenue was limited to an insignificant amount of software royalties pursuant to the terms of a single license agreement. During 2013 and 2012 we had revenues from settlements of patent infringement disputes whereby we received consideration for past sales of licensees that utilized our technology, where there was no prior patent license agreement (see “Revenue Recognition”).

Our portfolio of intellectual property is the foundation of our business model. We currently own approximately 39 U.S. and 66 foreign patents with approximately 75 pending patent applications worldwide. Our patent portfolio is primarily focused on securing real-time communications over the Internet, as well as related services such as the establishment and maintenance of a secure domain name registry. Our patented methods also have additional applications in the key areas of device operating systems and network security for Cloud services, M2M communications in areas of Smart City, Connected Car and Connected Home. The subject matter of all our U.S and foreign patents and pending applications relates generally to securing communications over the internet and such covers all our technology and other products. Our issued U.S. and foreign patents expire at various times during the period from 2019 to 2024. Some of our issued patents and pending patent applications were acquired by our principal operating subsidiary; VirnetX, Inc., from Leidos, (f/k/a Science Applications International Corporation or SAIC) in 2006 and we are required to make payments to Leidos, based on cash or certain other values generated from those patents. The amount of such payments depends upon the type of value generated, and certain categories are subject to maximums and other limitations.

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. The critical accounting policies we employ in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are those which involve impairment of long-lived assets, income taxes, fair value of financial instruments and stock-based compensation.

Use of Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). In doing so, we have to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, as well as related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. In some cases, we could reasonably have used different accounting policies and estimates. In some cases, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from our estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations will be affected. We base our estimates on past experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. We refer to accounting estimates of this type as critical accounting policies and estimates, which we discuss further below. We have reviewed our critical accounting policies and estimates with the audit committee of our board of directors.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of VirnetX Holding Corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Revenue Recognition

We derive our revenue from patent licensing. The timing and amount of revenue recognized from each licensee depends upon a variety of factors, including the specific terms of each agreement and the nature of the deliverables and obligations. Such agreements may be complex and include multiple elements. These agreements may include,

44

without limitation, elements related to the settlement of past patent infringement liabilities, up-front and non-refundable license fees for the use of patents, patent licensing royalties on covered products sold by licensees, and the compensation structure and ownership of intellectual property rights associated with contractual technology development arrangements. Licensing agreements are accounted for under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) revenue recognition guidance, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.” This guidance requires consideration to be allocated to each element of an agreement that has stand-alone value using the relative fair value method. In other circumstances, such as those agreements involving consideration for past and expected future patent royalty obligations, after consideration of the particular facts and circumstances, the appropriate recording of revenue between periods may require the use of judgment. In all cases, revenue is only recognized after all of the following criteria are met: (1) written agreements have been executed; (2) delivery of technology or intellectual property rights has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) fees are fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability of fees is reasonably assured.

Patent License Agreements: Upon signing a patent license agreement, including licenses entered into upon settlement of litigation, we provide the licensee permission to use our patented technology in specific applications. We account for patent license agreements in accordance with the guidance for revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple deliverables, with amounts allocated to each element based on their fair values. We have elected to utilize the leased-based model for revenue recognition with revenue being recognized over the expected period of benefit to the licensee. Under our patent license agreements, we do or expect to typically receive one or a combination of the following forms of payment as consideration for permitting our licensees to use our patented inventions in specific applications and products:

• Consideration for Past Sales: Consideration related to a licensee’s product sales from prior periods may result from a negotiated agreement with a licensee that utilized our patented technology prior to signing a patent license agreement with us or from the resolution of a litigation, disagreement or arbitration with a licensee over the specific terms of an existing license agreement. We may also receive royalty for past sales in connection with the settlement of patent litigation where there was no prior patent license agreement. These amounts are negotiated, typically based upon application of a royalty rate to historical sales prior to the execution of the license agreement. In each of these cases, since delivery has occurred, we record the consideration as revenue when we have obtained a signed agreement, identified a fixed or determinable price, and determined that collectability is reasonably assured.

• Current Royalty Payments: Ongoing royalty payments cover a licensee’s obligations to us related to its sales of covered products in the current contractual reporting period. Licensees that owe these current royalty payments are obligated to provide us with quarterly or semi-annual royalty reports that summarize their sales of covered products and their related royalty obligations to us. We expect to receive these royalty reports subsequent to the period in which our licensees’ underlying sales occurred. As a result, it is impractical for us to recognize revenue in the period in which the underlying sales occur, and, in most cases, we will recognize revenue in the period in which the royalty report is received and other revenue recognition criteria are met due to the fact that without royalty reports from our licensees, our visibility into our licensees’ sales is limited.

• Non-Refundable Up-Front Fees and Minimum Fee Contracts: For licenses that provide for non-refundable up-front or fixed minimum fees over their term, for which we have no future obligations or performance requirements, revenue is generally recognized over the license term. For licenses that provide for fees that are not fixed or determinable, including licenses that provide for extended payment terms and/or payment of a significant portion of the fee after expiration of the license or more than 12 months after delivery, the fees are generally presumed not to be fixed or determinable, and revenue is deferred and recognized as earned, but generally not in advance of collection.

• Non-Royalty Elements: Elements that are not related to royalty revenue in nature, such as settlement fees, expense reimbursement, and damages, if any, are recorded as gain from settlement which is reflected as a separate line item within the operating expenses section in the consolidated statements of operations.

45

Deferred revenue

In August 2013 we began receiving annual payments on a contract that requires payment to us over 4 years of $10,000 (“August 2013 Contract Settlement”). From the inception of that license to December 31, 2015, we received cash totaling $7,500, all of which is non-refundable. We recognized $1,500, $1,167 and $1,833 of revenue related from the August 2013 Contract Settlement during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively.

Activity under the August 2013 Contract Settlement was as follows:

	2015		2014		2013
Deferred Revenue, beginning of year	$	2,000	$	667	$	—
Payment received		2,500		2,500		2,500
Less: Amount amortized as revenue		1,500		1,167		1,833
Deferred Revenue, end of year	$	3,000	$	2,000	$	667

Royalty Expense

Royalty expense for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $5,265, $6,100 and zero respectively and was a result of our royalty agreement with Leidos. There was no expense for the year ended December 31, 2013. The agreement provides for revenue sharing and legal reimbursements related to attorney time and expenses incurred by Leidos during discovery and other aspects of litigation matters that have been resolved.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents are not subject to significant interest rate risk due to the short maturities of these investments.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid Expense and Other Current Assets at December 31, 2015 includes the current portion of prepaid rent for a facility lease for corporate promotional and marketing purposes. Beginning March 2014, the prepayment totaling $4,000 is being amortized over the 10-year term of the lease. The unamortized non-current portion of the prepayment is included in Prepaid Expenses-Non-current on the consolidated balance sheet.

Investments

Investments are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair market value. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses are recorded in income in the period they are realized. Unrealized gains and losses on our investments are included in other comprehensive income. We invest our excess cash primarily in highly liquid debt instruments including corporate, government and federal agency securities, with contractual maturities less than two years. By policy, we limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the accelerated and straight line methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from five to seven years. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Our cash and cash equivalents are primarily maintained at two major financial institutions in the United States. Deposits held with these financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. A portion of those balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC. During the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had, at times, funds that were uninsured. We do not believe that we are subject to any unusual financial risk beyond the normal risk associated with commercial banking relationships. We have not experienced any losses on our deposits of cash and cash equivalents.

46

Fair Value

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value because of their generally short maturities.

Intangible Assets

We record intangible assets at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization of intangible assets is provided over their estimated useful lives, which can range from 3 to 15 years, on either a straight-line basis or as revenue is generated by the assets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We identify and record impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recoverable, but not less than annually. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the anticipated future net undiscounted cash flows to the related assets’ carrying value. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from the asset.

Research and Development

Research and development costs include expenses paid to outside development consultants and compensation related expenses for our engineering staff. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. The asset and liability method requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for expected future tax consequences of temporary differences that currently exist between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of our assets and liabilities. We calculate current and deferred tax provisions based on estimates and assumptions that could differ from actual results reflected on the income tax returns filed during the following years. Adjustments based on filed returns are recorded when identified in the subsequent years. The effect on deferred taxes for a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that the tax rate change is enacted. In assessing if we will realize our deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

A valuation allowance is provided for deferred income tax assets when, in our judgment, based upon currently available information and other factors, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of such deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The determination of the need for a valuation allowance is based on an on-going evaluation of current information including, among other things, historical operating results, estimates of future earnings in different taxing jurisdictions and the expected timing of the reversals of temporary differences. We believe the determination to record a valuation allowance to reduce a deferred income tax asset is a significant accounting estimate because it is based, among other things, on an estimate of future taxable income in the United States and certain other jurisdictions, which is susceptible to change and may or may not occur, and because the impact of adjusting a valuation allowance may be material. In determining when to release the valuation allowance established against our net deferred income tax assets, we consider all available evidence, both positive and negative. Consistent with our policy, and because of our history of operating losses, we do not currently recognize the benefit of all of our deferred tax assets, including tax loss carry forwards, that may be used to offset future taxable income. We continually assess our ability to generate sufficient taxable income during future periods in which our deferred tax assets may be realized. If and when we believe it is more likely than not that we will recover our deferred tax assets, we will reverse the valuation allowance as an income tax benefit in our statements of operations.

We account for our uncertain tax positions in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The purpose of this method is to clarify accounting for uncertain tax positions recognized. The U.S. GAAP method of accounting for uncertain tax positions utilizes a two-step approach to evaluate tax positions. Step one, recognition, requires evaluation of the tax position to determine if based solely on technical merits it is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. Step two, measurement, is addressed only if a position is more likely than not to be sustained. In step two, the tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit, determined on a cumulative probability basis, which is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement with tax authorities. If a position does not meet the more likely than not

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threshold for recognition in step one, no benefit is recorded until the first subsequent period in which the more likely than not standard is met, the issue is resolved with the taxing authority, or the statute of limitations expires. Positions previously recognized are derecognized when we subsequently determine the position no longer is more likely than not to be sustained. Evaluation of tax positions, their technical merits, and measurements using cumulative probability are highly subjective management estimates. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Derivative Instruments

Our Series I Warrants were accounted for as derivative instruments as a result of an anti-dilution provision which, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, prevented them from being considered indexed to our stock and qualified for an exception to derivative accounting.

We recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. We record changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of the derivatives in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation using the fair value recognition method in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We recognize these compensation costs net of the applicable forfeiture rate and recognize the compensation costs for only those shares expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term of 4 years. We estimate the forfeiture rate based on our historical experience if any. See Note 7 - Stock-Based Compensation for additional information concerning our share-based compensation awards.

In addition, as required we record stock and options granted to non-employees at fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued as they vest over the performance period.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities had been issued. During 2015, 2014 and 2013 we incurred losses; therefore, the effect of any common stock equivalent would be anti-dilutive during these periods.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued “Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-17—Income Taxes (Topic 740)”. Current GAAP requires an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in a classified statement of financial position. To simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes, this Update requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments in this Update apply to all entities that present a classified statement of financial position. The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendments in this Update. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In April 2015, the FASB issued an ASU entitled “Interest - Imputation of Interest.” The ASU requires that an entity simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is allowed for all entities for financial statements that have not been previously issued. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

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In February 2015, the FASB issued an ASU entitled “Consolidation.” The ASU includes amendments to the consolidation analysis which are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption, including adoption in interim periods, is permitted. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In January 2015, the FASB issued an ASU entitled “Income Statement Extraordinary and Unusual Items.” The ASU requires that an entity simplify Income Statement presentation by eliminating the concept of “Extraordinary Items”. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted provided that the guidance is applied from the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern”, Subtopic 205-40, “Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern.” The amendments in this ASU apply to all entities and require management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the amendments (1) provide a definition of the term substantial doubt, (2) require an evaluation every reporting period including interim periods, (3) provide principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans, (4) require certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, (5) require an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated, and (6) require an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The amendments in this Update are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and results of operations.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718),” which makes amendments to the codification topic 718, “Accounting for Share-Based Payments,” when the terms of an award provide that a performance target could be achieved after the requisite service period. The new guidance becomes effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and results of operations.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606). Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition” including most industry-specific revenue recognition guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. In addition, the amendments create a new Subtopic 340-40, “Other Assets and Deferred Costs—Contracts with Customers”. In summary, the core principle of Topic 606 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. For a public entity, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

Note 3 - Gain on Settlement

In December 2014, we received a $23,000 cash settlement resulting from litigation with Microsoft (see Note 14 “Litigation”). In June 2010, we received a $200,000 cash settlement from litigation with Microsoft, in which we agreed to dismiss the pending lawsuits and any damages. The 2010 settlement agreement was amended in December 2014 to settle a subsequent lawsuit with Microsoft, raising the total cash settlement with Microsoft, as amended, to $223,000. In both the original settlement and the December 2014 amendment, we could not practically and objectively separate any settlement portion from the revenue element as discussed under the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 605,“Revenue Recognition”, and as a result, the settlement proceeds are classified as a gain on settlement in our consolidated statement of operations.

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Note 4 - Property and Equipment

Our major classes of property and equipment were as follows:

	December 31
	2015			2014			2013
Office furniture	$	70		$	70		$	70
Computer equipment		168			157			121
Total		238			227			191
Less accumulated depreciation		(190	)		(163	)		(138	)
	$	48		$	64		$	53

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $26, $25 and $24 respectively.

Note 5 – Commitments and Related Party Transactions

We lease our offices under an operating lease with a third party expiring in October 2015. We recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rent expense was $56, $56 and $56 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

During 2015 and 2014 we leased the use of an aircraft from K2 Investment Fund LLC (“LLC”) for business travel for employees of the Company. We incurred approximately $593 and $296 in rental fees (including fees and other reimbursements) to the LLC during the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 respectively, for such use of which $11 remains payable at December 31, 2015. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Administrative Officer are the managing partners of the LLC and control the equity interests of the LLC. On January 31, 2015 we entered into a 12-month non-exclusive lease with the LLC for use of the plane at a rate of $8 per flight hour, with no minimum usage requirement. The agreement contains other terms and conditions normal in such transactions and can be cancelled by either us or the LLC with 30 days’ notice. The lease renews on an annual basis unless terminated by the Lessor or Lessee. Neither party has yet exercised their termination rights.

Note 6 - Stock Plan

We have a stock incentive plan for employees and others called the VirnetX Holding Corporation 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), which has been approved by our stockholders. The 2013 Plan provides for the issuance of up to 2,500,000 shares of our common stock. To the extent that any award should expire, become un-exercisable or is otherwise forfeited, the shares subject to such award will again become available for issuance under the 2013 Plan. The 2013 Plan provides for the granting of stock options and restricted stock purchase rights (“RSU”) to our employees and consultants. Stock options granted under the 2013 Plan may be incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options. Incentive stock options (“ISO”) may only be granted to our employees (including officers and directors). Nonqualified stock options (“NSO”) and stock purchase rights may be granted to our employees and consultants.

The 2013 Plan will expire in 2023. Options may be granted under the 2013 Plan with an exercise price determined by our Board of Directors, or a duly appointed committee thereof, provided, however, that the exercise price of an option granted to any employee shall be not less than 100% of the fair market value at the date of grant in the case of ISO or 85% of the fair market value at the date of grant in the case of an NSO. The exercise price of an ISO or NSO granted to one of our Named Executive Officers shall not be less than 100% fair market value of the shares at the date of grant and the exercise price of an ISO granted to a 10% shareholder shall not be less than 110% of the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant. Stock options granted under the 2013 Plan typically vest over four years and have a 10-year term. All RSUs are considered to be granted at the fair value of our stock on the date of grant because they have no exercise price. RSUs typically vest over four years. At December 31, 2015 there were 1,069,552 shares available for grant under the 2013 Plan.

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Note 7 - Stock-Based Compensation

The following tables summarize information about stock-options and RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2015:

Options Outstanding							Options Vested and Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Number Outstanding		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number Exercisable		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price
$   0.24-   1.58		821,402		3.11	$	1.11		821,402		3.11	$	1.11
$   1.74-   6.95		2,924,901		3.82		4.74		2,308,933		2.27		4.84
$ 14.52- 35.25		1,253,625		6.71		23.16		987,800		6.40		23.99
		4,999,928		4.43	$	8.76		4,118,135		3.43	$	8.69

The following tables summarize activity under the Plan for the indicated periods:

	Options
	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		4,776,224			6.94		—		—
Options granted		274,625			25.37		—		—
Options exercised		(39,833	)		4.27		—		—
Options cancelled		(34,167	)		20.57		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2013		4,976,849			7.86		—		—
Options granted		261,500			15.21		—		—
Options exercised		(679,321	)		0.41		—		—
Options cancelled		(70,000	)		13.38		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2014		4,489,028		$	9.33		—		—
Options granted		694,000			4.47		—		—
Options exercised		(143,100	)		1.15		—		—
Options cancelled		(40,000	)		25.61		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		4,999,928		$	8.76		4.43	$	1,215
Options exercisable at December 31, 2015		4,118,135		$	8.69		3.43	$	1,215

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	RSUs
	Number of RSUs			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		151,665		$	25.60	$	—
RSUs granted		156,415			23.72		—
RSUs vested		(55,832	)		27.06		—
RSUs cancelled		(3,333	)		24.75		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2013		248,915		$	24.10	$	—
RSUs granted		154,332			15.30		—
RSUs vested		(88,686	)		24.08		—
RSUs cancelled		(4,167	)		24.13		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2014		310,394		$	19.74	$	—
RSUs granted		162,665			5.57		—
RSUs vested		(113,103	)		20.11		—
RSUs cancelled		—			—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		359,956			13.22	$	—

Intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the per-share market price of our common stock on the last trading day of 2015, which was $2.57, and the exercise price of the options. For options exercised, the intrinsic value is the difference between market price and the exercise price on the date of exercise. We received cash proceeds of $165, $278 and $170 from stock options exercised in 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $203, $3,575 and $676 during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. For RSUs vested, the intrinsic value is the difference between market price and the vested price on the date of vest. The total intrinsic value of the RSUs vested was zero during the year ended December 31, 2015.

Stock-based compensation expense is included in general and administrative expense for each period as follows:

Stock-Based Compensation by Type of Award	Year Ended December 31, 2015		Year Ended December 31, 2014		Year Ended December 31, 2013
Employee stock options	$	4,939	$	5,951	$	6,488
RSUs		2,336		2,238		1,075
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	7,275	$	8,189	$	7,563

As of December 31, 2015, there was $5,845 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense expected to be recognized related to unvested employee stock options and $3,384 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense to be recognized related to unvested RSUs. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.02 and 2.32 years, respectively.

The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following weighted average assumptions:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015	Year Ended December 31, 2014	Year Ended December 31, 2013
Expected stock price volatility	82%	88%	93%
Risk-free interest rate	2.12%	2.56%	2.04%
Expected life term (in years)	6.07 years	6.0 years	6.10 years
Expected dividends	0%	0%	0%

Based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the weighted average estimated fair value of employee stock options granted was $3.17, $11.26 and $19.24 per share during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

The expected life was determined using the simplified method outlined in ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation”, taking the average of the vesting term and the contractual term of the option. Expected volatility of

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the stock options was based upon historical data and other relevant factors, such as the volatility of comparable publicly-traded companies at a similar stage of life cycle. We have not provided an estimate for forfeitures because we have had nominal forfeited options and RSUs and believe that all outstanding options and RSUs at December 31, 2015, will vest. In the future, we may change this estimate based on actual and expected future forfeiture rates.

Note 8 - Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding for a period. Diluted earnings per share are based upon the weighted average number of shares and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding. Potential common shares outstanding principally include stock options, under our stock plan and warrants. During 2015, 2014 and 2013 we incurred losses; therefore, the effect of any common stock equivalent would be anti-dilutive during those periods.

The table below sets forth the basic and diluted loss per share calculations:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Net loss	$	(29,234	)	$	(9,902	)	$	(27,608	)
Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding		52,384			51,570			51,188
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.54	)

Note 9 - Common Stock

Each share of common stock has the right to one vote. The holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by our Board of Directors, subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights as to dividends. Our restated articles of incorporation authorize us to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of $.0001 par value common stock.

On August 21, 2015 we filed a universal shelf registration statement with the SEC enabling us to offer and sell from time to time up to $100 million of equity, debt or other types of securities. We also entered into an at-the-market (“ATM”) equity offering sales agreement with Cowen & Company, LLC on August 20, 2015, under which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate value of up to $35 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, we sold 835,056 shares under the ATM. The average sales price per common share was $4.04 and the aggregate proceeds from the sales totaled $3,378 during the period. Sales commissions, fees and other costs associated with the ATM totaled $101.

Note 10 – Equity

Warrants

During the year ended December 31, 2015 we issued warrants (“Advisor Warrants”) for the purchase of 25,000 shares of common stock for $7 per share, which expire in April 2020. The Advisor Warrants were issued for advisory services provided by a third party. Our Advisor Warrants were recorded at fair value on the issuance date and included in Additional Paid in Capital on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Advisor Warrants are exercisable by the holder, in whole or in part, until expiration, and may also be net-share-settled. Terms of the warrant agreement include no registration requirements for the underlying common stock and there are no anti-dilution provisions. The fair value at issuance of the warrants was recorded in Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets, and is being amortized over the twelve-month life of the service contract, with the expense included in Selling, General and Administrative Expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Information about warrants outstanding during the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 follows:

Original Number of Warrants Issued	Exercise Price per Common Share	Exercisable at December 31, 2014	Became Exercisable	Exercised	Terminated / Cancelled / Expired	Exercisable at December 31, 2015	Expiration Date
2,619,036(1)	$3.59	157,467	—	120,161	37,306	—	March 2015
25,000(2)	$7.00	—	25,000	—	—	25,000	April 2020
		157,467	25,000	120,161	37,306	25,000

(1) Referred to as Series I Warrants.

(2) Referred to as Advisor Warrants

Note 11 - Employee Benefit Plan

We sponsor a defined contribution, 401k plan, covering substantially all our employees. Our matching contribution to the plan was approximately $59 in 2015, $45 in 2014 and $47 in 2013.

Note 12 - Income Taxes

The income tax provision is comprised of the following:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014			Year Ended December 31, 2013
Current:
Federal	$	10		$	(13	)	$	(354	)
State		(18	)		(2	)		(397	)
Foreign		—			—			—
		(8	)		(15	)		(751	)
Deferred:
Federal		—			—			—
State		—			—			—
		—			—			—
Total income tax provision	$	(8	)	$	(15	)	$	(751	)

A reconciliation of the United States federal statutory income tax rate to our effective income tax rate is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014			Year Ended December 31, 2013
United States federal statutory rate		35.00	%		35.00	%		35.00	%
State taxes, net of federal benefit		(0.04	)%		(0.02	)%		(1.48	)%
Valuation allowance		(33.36	)%		(41.67	)%		(37.11	)%
Stock options		(1.62	)%		0.39	%		(0.17	)%
Prior year true-up		0.03	%		(0.13	)%		(1.32	)%
R&D Credit		0.38	%		—			—
Warrants		(0.14	)%		7.92	%		2.10	%
Other		(0.29	)%		(1.64	)%		0.18	%
Effective income tax rate		(0.04	)%		(0.15	)%		(2.80	)%

In 2015, 2014 and 2013, we had pre-tax losses of $21, $10, and $27 million, respectively, which are available for carry forward to offset future taxable income. We made determinations to provide full valuation allowances for our net deferred tax assets at the end of 2015, 2014 and 2013, including NOL carryforwards generated during the years, based on our evaluation of positive and negative evidence, including our history of operating losses and the

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uncertainty of generating future taxable income that would enable us to realize our deferred tax assets. The small provisions in 2015 and 2014 were related to the payment of miscellaneous penalties and minimum taxes. The 2013 tax provision of $751 was due primarily to a change in our estimate of taxable income for the 2012 period and a tax reserve for certain credits utilized in the 2010 tax return.

Deferred tax assets (liabilities) consist of the following:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014
Deferred tax assets:
Reserves and accruals	$	462		$	—
State tax		1			1
Research and development credits and other credits		908			924
Net operating loss carry forward		18,496			11,190
Stock based compensation		9,855			8,452
Other		102			127
Total deferred tax assets		29,824			20,694
Valuation allowance		(29,814	)		(20,679	)
Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance		10			15
Deferred tax liability:
Depreciation and amortization		(10	)		(15	)
Total deferred tax liability		(10	)		(15	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	—		$	—

In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of deferred assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.

Based on the available objective evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2015 will not be fully realizable. Accordingly, management has maintained a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2015. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the 12 months ended December 31, 2015 was an increase of $9,135. At December 31, 2015, we had federal and state net operating loss carry-forwards of approximately $52,549 and $37,603, respectively, expiring beginning in 2028 and 2017, respectively. At December 31, 2015, we had federal research and development credit carry-forwards of approximately $908 expiring beginning in 2031.

Internal Revenue Code Section 382 places a limitation (the “Section 382 Limitation”) on the amount of taxable income that can be offset by net operating loss carry forwards after a change in control (generally greater than 50% change in ownership) of a loss corporation. California the state in which our headquarters was once located has similar rules. Our capitalization described herein may have resulted in such a change. Generally, after a control change, a loss corporation cannot deduct net operating loss carry forwards generated in years prior to the deemed change of control under IRC Section 382 in excess of the Section 382 Limitation.

We are required to recognize the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. As a result, we have provided contingent reserve under ASC 740-10 of $316 and $316 at December 31, 2015, and December 31, 2014, respectively. Our tax returns are subject to review by various tax authorities. The returns subject to review are those from 2005 forward.

Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. We have accrued interest or penalties during the 12-month period ended December 31, 2015 in the amount of $0.

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A reconciliation of beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits follows:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015		Year Ended December 31, 2014		Year Ended December 31, 2013
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	316	$	316	$	128
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		—		—		—
Additions for tax positions of prior years		—		—		188
Settlements		—		—		—
Lapse of applicable statute of limitations		—		—		—
Balance at the end of the year	$	316	$	316	$	316

Note 13 - Fair Value Measurement

We apply fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, investments in certificates of deposit, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to the short period of time until maturity.

Mutual Funds: Valued at the quoted net asset value (NAV) of shares held.

Corporate, Government and U.S. Agency securities: Fair value measured at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded.

      Series I Warrants: Fair value measured by using a Binomial valuation model. The assumptions used to measure fair value of our outstanding Series I Warrants carried as derivative liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet for December 31, 2014 were a warrant exercise price of $3.59 per share, a common share price of $5.49, a discount rate of 1.65%, and a volatility of 89.6%. The balance of the Series 1 Warrants expired in March 2015.

The following table shows our cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category recorded as cash and cash equivalents of investments available for sale as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2015
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Investments Available for Sale
Cash	$	3,296	$	—	$	—		$	3,296	$	3,296	$	—
Level 1:
Mutual funds		5,005		—		—			5,005		5,005		—
Government securities		1,806		—		(3	)		1,803		—		1,803
U.S agency securities		8,579		1		(4	)		8,576		425		8,151
		15,390		1		(7	)		15,384		5,430		9,954
Total	$	18,686	$	1	$	(7	)	$	18,680	$	8,726	$	9,954

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	December 31, 2014
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Investments Available for Sale
Cash	$	1,183	$	—	$	—		$	1,183	$	1,183	$	—
Level 1:
Mutual funds		10,139		—		—			10,139		10,139		—
Corporate securities		9,405		1		(3	)		9,403		1,645		7,758
U.S agency securities		20,504		2		(2	)		20,504		5,691		14,813
		40,048		3		(5	)		40,046		17,475		22,571
Total	$	41,231	$	3	$	(5	)	$	41,229	$	18,658	$	22,571

The maturities of our marketable securities generally range from within one to two years. Actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities due to call or prepayment provisions.

The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, our financial instrument liabilities as of December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
Series l Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	320	$	320
Total	$	—	$	—	$	320	$	320

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of our Level 3 financial instrument liability for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Year ended December 31, 2015			Year ended December 31, 2014			Year ended December 31, 2013
Beginning Balance	$	320		$	2,564		$	4,172
(Gain) losses included in net losses		117			(2,237	)		(1,608	)
Settlements		(333	)		(7	)		—
Expiration of warrants		(104	)		—			—
Ending Balance	$	—		$	320		$	2,564

Note 14 - Litigation

We have one intellectual property infringement lawsuit pending against Apple, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, pursuant to which we allege that this party infringes on certain of our patents. We seek damages and injunctive relief in all the complaints.

VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) – Consolidated Lead Case

On March 30, 2015, the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, issued an order finding substantial overlap between the remanded portions of the Civil Action Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED (VirnetX vs. Cisco et. al.), and the ongoing Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.). The court consolidated the two civil actions under Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.) and designated it as the lead case. The jury trial in this case was held on January 25, 2016. On February 4, 2016, a jury in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, awarded us $625.6 million in a verdict against Apple Corporation for infringing four of our US patents, marking it the second time a federal jury has found Apple liable

57

for infringing VirnetX’s patented technology. The verdict includes royalties awarded to us based on an earlier patent infringement finding (Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED) against Apple. The jury found that Apple’s modified VPN On-Demand, iMessage and FaceTime services infringed VirnetX’s patents and that Apple’s infringement was willful. In addition to determining the royalty owed by Apple for its prior infringement, this verdict also includes an award based on the jury’s finding that Apple’s modified VPN On Demand, iMessage and FaceTime services have continued to infringe VirnetX’s patents. In its order, issued on February 16, 2016, the court has set all post-trial motions for hearing on May 25, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Texarkana Division. The court has also ordered both parties to attend mediation by May 16, 2016.

VirnetX Inc. v. Cisco Systems, Inc. et al. (13-1489-LP VirnetX, Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED)

On August 11, 2010, we initiated a lawsuit by filing a complaint against Aastra, Apple, Cisco, and NEC in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, pursuant to which we alleged that these parties infringe on certain of our patents. We sought damages and injunctive relief. Aastra and NEC agreed to sign license agreements with us and we agreed to drop all the accusations of infringement against them. At the pre-trial hearing, the judge decided to conduct separate jury trial for each defendant, and try only the case against Apple on the scheduled trial date. The jury trial of our case against Cisco was held on March 4, 2013. The jury in our case against Cisco came back with a verdict of non-infringement also determined that all our patents-in-suit patents are not invalid. Our motions for a new trial and Cisco’s infringement of certain VirnetX patents were denied and the case against Cisco was closed.

The jury trial of our case against Apple was held on October 31, 2012. On November 6, 2012, a jury in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, awarded us over $368 million in a verdict against Apple Corporation for infringing four of our patents. On February 26, 2013, the court issued its Memorandum Opinion and Order regarding post-trial motions resulting from the prior jury verdict denying Apple’s motion to reduce the damages awarded by the jury for past infringement. The Court further denied Apple’s request for a new trial on the liability and damages portions of the verdict and granted our motions for pre-judgment interest, post-judgment interest, and post-verdict damages to date. The Court ordered that Apple pay $34 in daily interest up to final judgment and $330 in daily damages for infringement up to final judgment for certain Apple devices included in the verdict. The Court denied our request for a permanent injunction and severed the future infringement portion into its own separate proceedings under Case 6:13-CV-00211-LED.

On July 3, 2013, Apple filed an appeal of the judgment dated February 27, 2013 and order dated June 4, 2013 denying Apple’s motion to alter or amend the judgment to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (USCAFC). On September 16, 2014, USCAFC issued their opinion, affirming the jury’s finding that all 4 of our patents are valid, confirming the jury’s finding of infringement of VPN on Demand under many of the asserted claims of our ‘135 and ‘151 patents, and confirming the district’s court’s decision to allow evidence concerning our licenses and royalty rates in connection with the determination of damages. In its opinion, the USCAFC also vacated the jury’s damages award and the district court’s claim construction with respect to parts of our ‘504 and ‘211 patents and remanded the damages award and determination of infringement with respect to FaceTime –for further proceedings consistent with its opinion. On October 16, 2014, we filed a petition with the USCAFC, requesting a rehearing and rehearing en banc of the Federal Circuit’s September 14, 2014, decision concerning VirnetX’s litigation against Apple Inc. On December 16, 2014, USCAFC denied our petition requesting a rehearing and rehearing en banc of the Federal Circuit's September 14, 2014, decision and remanded the case back to the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, for further proceedings consistent with its opinion. On February 25, 2015, USCAFC granted Apple's motions to lift stay of proceedings and vacate Case 6:13-CV-00211-LED. All the issues at hand in Case 6:13-CV-00211-LED will now be addressed as a part of VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) - Consolidated Lead Case. On March 30, 2015, the court issued an order finding substantial overlap between the remanded portions of this case and the ongoing Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.). The court consolidated the two civil actions under Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.) and designated it as the lead case. All future updates will now be provided under VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) – Consolidated Lead Case.

VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED)

On November 6, 2012, we filed a new complaint against Apple Inc., in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division for willfully infringing four of our patents, U.S. Patent Nos. 6,502,135, 7,418,504, 7,921,211 and 7,490,151, and seeking both an unspecified amount of damages and injunctive relief. The accused

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products include the iPhone 5, iPod Touch 5th Generation, iPad 4th Generation, iPad mini, and the latest Macintosh computers. Due to their release dates, these products were not included in the previous lawsuit that concluded with a Jury verdict on November 6, 2012 that was subsequently upheld by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, on February 26, 2013. On July 1, 2013, we filed a consolidated and amended complaint to include U.S. Patent No. 8,051,181 and consolidate Civil Action No. 6:11-cv-00563-LED. On August 27, 2013, we filed an amended complaint including allegations of willful infringement related to U.S. Patent No. 8,504,697 seeking both damages and injunctive relief. The Markman hearing in this case was held on May 20, 2014 and on August 8, 2014, issued its Markman Order, denying Apple’s motion for summary judgment of indefiniteness, in which Apple alleged that some of the disputed claims terms in the patents asserted by us were invalid for indefiniteness. In a separate order, the court granted in part and denied in part our motion for partial summary judgment on Apple’s invalidity counterclaims, precluding Apple from asserting invalidity as a defense against infringement of the claims that were tried before a jury in our prior litigation against Apple (VirnetX vs. Cisco et. al., Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED). The jury trial in this case was scheduled for October 13, 2015. On March 30, 2015, the court issued an order finding substantial overlap between this case and the remanded portions of Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED (VirnetX vs. Cisco et. al.). The court consolidated the two civil actions under Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.) and designated it as the lead case. All future updates will now be provided under VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) – Consolidated Lead Case.

One or more potential intellectual property infringement claims may also be available to us against certain other companies who have the resources to defend against any such claims. Although we believe these potential claims are worth pursuing, commencing a lawsuit can be expensive and time-consuming, and there is no assurance that we will prevail on such potential claims. In addition, bringing a lawsuit may lead to potential counterclaims which may preclude our ability to commercialize our initial products, which are currently in development. Currently, we are not a party to any other pending legal proceedings, and are not aware of any proceeding threatened or contemplated against us by any governmental authority or other party.

Note 15 - Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited)

	First			Second			Third			Fourth
	(in thousands except per share)
2015
Revenue	$	375		$	400		$	375		$	405
Loss from operations		(5,759	)		(9,567	)		(6,102	)		(7,749	)
Net loss		(5,855	)		(9,546	)		(6,097	)		(7,736	)
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.15	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.15	)

	First			Second			Third			Fourth
	(in thousands except per share)
2014
Revenue	$	250		$	268		$	292		$	439
Gain on settlement		—			—			—			23,000
Income (loss) from operations		(6,953	)		(6,171	)		(6,250	)		6,870
Net income/ (loss)		(6,087	)		(6,670	)		(4,468	)		7,325
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.09	)	$	0.14
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.09	)	$	0.14

Note 16 – Subsequent Events

Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2015, we sold 1,231,069 shares under the ATM. The average sales price per common share was $4.13 and the aggregate proceeds from the sales totaled $5,086 during the period. Sales commissions, fees and other costs associated with the ATM totaled $153.

On February 4, 2016, a jury in the U.S. Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, awarded us $625.6 million in a verdict against Apple Corporation for infringing four of our patents. The verdict includes royalties awarded to us based on an earlier patent infringement finding against Apple. ln addition to determining the royalty owed by Apple for its prior infringement, this verdict also includes an award based on the jury’s finding that Apple’s modified VPN On Demand, iMessage and FaceTime services have continued to infringe our patents. We are uncertain if the court’s decision may be appealed, or if other actions may be taken which would impact the court’s decision.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of VirnetX Holding Corporation

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of VirnetX Holding Corporation (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015, of the Company and our report dated March 15, 2016, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

/s/ Farber Hass Hurley LLP

Chatsworth, California
March 15, 2016

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, December 31, 2015.

The purpose of this evaluation was to determine whether as of December 31, 2015 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose in our filings with the SEC, (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based on their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of December 31, 2015, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting (as such term is defined in rules 13a-15 (f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. Internal control over financial reporting is a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Internal control over financial reporting includes maintaining records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions; providing reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary for preparation of our financial statements; providing reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures of Company assets are made in accordance with management authorization; and providing reasonable assurance that unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Company assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements would be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of our financial statements would be prevented or detected.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period ended December 31, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Farber Hass Hurley LLP has audited our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015; their report is included elsewhere herein.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

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PART III

Certain information required by Part III is omitted from this report and is incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A for our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Definitive Proxy Statement”) which will be filed within 120 days of our fiscal year end.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the Definitive Proxy Statement under the sections “Board of Directors,” “Nominee and Continuing Directors,” “Executive Officers,” “Composition of the Board of Directors,” “Board Meetings and Committees and Annual Meeting Attendance,” “Audit Committee Matters” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.” Information regarding delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K will be included under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our Proxy Statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the Definitive Proxy Statement under the sections “Compensation Committee Matters,” “Director Compensation,” “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation Committee Report,” “Summary Compensation Table,” “Outstanding Equity Awards at 2015 Fiscal Year-End,” and “Option Exercises in Fiscal Year 2015.”

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the Definitive Proxy Statement under the section “Voting Securities and Principal Holders.”

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under the Equity Compensation Plans

We have a stock incentive plan for employees and others called the “VirnetX Holding Corporation 2013 Stock Plan”, or the Plan, which has been approved by our stockholders. The Plan provides for the granting of up to 14,124,469 shares of our common stock, including stock options and stock purchase rights, and will expire in 2023. As of December 31, 2015, there were 1,069,552 shares available to be granted under the Plan. We had 4,999,928 and 4,489,028 options outstanding at December 31, 2015, and December 31, 2014, respectively, with an average exercise price of $8.69 and $9.33, respectively. We had 359,956 and 317,894 restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 respectively with a weighted average grant price of $13.22 and $19.74 respectively.

Plan Category	Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights		Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights		Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders		5,342,027	$	9.04		1,069,552
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders		—				—
Total		5,342,027	$	9.04		1,069,552

On May 14, 2015 the Compensation Committee granted 37,500 options and 24,999 RSUs to the Board of Directors of VirnetX Inc. On February 22, 2015, April 14, 2015, May 20, 2015, and October 1, 2015 the Compensation Committee granted 25,000, 206,500, 25,000 and 400,000 options respectively and on May 20, 2015, 137,666 RSUs to the employees of VirnetX, Inc.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the Definitive Proxy Statement under the sections “Transactions with Related Persons” and “Composition of Board of Directors.”

62

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under “Principal Accountant Fees & Services.”

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form

(1) Financial Statements: See the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(2) Financial Statement Schedule: Financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto. All other schedules are omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is given in the financial statements or the notes thereto.

(3) Exhibits: See Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Form 10-K.

63

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

VirnetX Holding Corporation
By:	/s/ Kendall Larsen
	Name: Kendall Larsen
	Title: Chief Executive Officer and President

Dated: March 15, 2016

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POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Kendall Larsen his or her attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his or her substitute or substitutes may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.

Name	Capacity	Date
/s/ Kendall Larsen	Director, Chief Executive Officer and President	March 15, 2016
Kendall Larsen	(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Richard H. Nance	Chief Financial Officer	March 15, 2016
Richard H. Nance	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ Robert D. Short III	Director	March 15, 2016
Robert D. Short III
/s/ Gary Feiner	Director	March 15, 2016
Gary Feiner
/s/ Michael F. Angelo	Director	March 15, 2016
Michael F. Angelo
/s/ Thomas M. O'Brien	Director	March 15, 2016
Thomas M. O'Brien

65

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number		Incorporated by reference herein
	Description	Form	Exhibit No.	Filing Date	File No.
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.	8-K	3.1	11/01/2007	000-26895
3.2	By-Laws of the Company.	8-K	3.2	11/01/2007	000-26895
4.1	Form of Warrant Agency Agreement by and between the Company and Corporate Stock Transfer, Inc. as Warrant Agent.	S-1/A	4.1	01/16/2009	333-153645
4.2	Form of Series I Warrant.	8-K	4.1	09/03/2009	001-33852
4.3	Specimen Common Stock Certificate.	S-3	4.1	08/20/2015	333-206497
4.4	Form of Senior Indenture	S-3	4.2	08/20/2015	333-206497
4.5	Form of Subordinated Indenture	S-3	4.4	08/20/2015	333-206497
10.1	Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between the Company and each of Kendall Larsen, Robert D. Short III, Gary Feiner, Michael F. Angelo, Thomas M. O'Brien and Richard Nance.	8-K	10.3	07/12/2007	000-26895
10.2*	2007 Stock Plan, as amended on April 13, 2012.	10-Q	10.2	05/10/2012	001-33852
10.3*	Amended Form of Stock Option Agreement – 2007 Stock Plan.	10-Q	4.5	05/10/2011	001-33852
10.4*	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement – 2007 Stock Plan.	10-Q	10.3	05/10/2012	001-33852
10.5*	2013 Equity Incentive Plan.	DEF 14A	Appendix A	04/12/2013	001-33852
10.6*	Form of Stock Option Agreement – 2013 Equity Incentive Plan.	10-K	10.6	03/02/2015	001-33852
10.7*	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement – 2013 Equity Incentive Plan.	10-K	10.7	03/02/2015	001-33852
10.8	Voting Agreement among the Company and certain of its stockholders, dated as of December 12, 2007.	10-K	10.11	03/31/2008	001-33852
10.9	Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 2, 2009, by and between the Company and the Purchasers (as defined therein).	8-K	10.1	09/03/2009	001-33852
10.10	Form of Registration Rights Agreement by and between the Company and the Purchasers (as defined therein).	8-K	10.2	09/03/2009	001-33852
10.11	Form of Underwriting Agreement between VirnetX Holding Corporation and Gilford Securities Incorporated.	S-1/A	1.1	01/16/2009	333-153645
10.12	Patent License and Assignment Agreement by and between the Company and Leidos, Inc. (formerly Science Applications International Corporation) dated as of August 12, 2005.	8-K	10.4	07/12/2007	000-26895

66

Exhibit Number		Incorporated by reference herein
	Description	Form	Exhibit No.	Filing Date	File No.
10.13	Amendment No. 1 to Patent License and Assignment Agreement by and between the Company and Leidos, Inc. dated as of November 2, 2006.	8-K	10.6	07/12/2007	000-26895
10.14	Amendment No. 2 to Patent License and Assignment Agreement by and between VirnetX, Inc. and Leidos, Inc. dated as of March 12, 2008.	8-K	10.1	03/18/2008	001-33852
10.15	Security Agreement by and between the Company and Leidos, Inc. dated as of August 12, 2005.	8-K	10.5	07/12/2007	000-26895
10.16	Assignment Agreement between the Company and Leidos, Inc. dated as of December 21, 2006.	8-K	10.7	07/12/2007	000-26895
10.17	Professional Services Agreement by and between the Company and Leidos, Inc. dated as of August 12, 2005.	8-K	10.8	07/12/2007	000-26895
10.18	IP Brokerage Agreement by and between ipCapital Group, Inc. and VirnetX, Inc., effective as of March 13, 2008.	8-K	10.2	03/18/2008	001-33852
10.19	Engagement Letter by and between VirnetX Holding Corporation and ipCapital Group, Inc. dated March 12, 2008.	8-K	10.3	03/18/2008	001-33852
10.20**	Engagement Letter dated June 8, 2009, by and between McKool Smith, a professional corporation, and VirnetX, Inc.	10-Q	10.1	08/10/2009	001-33852
10.21**	Engagement Letter dated April 15, 2010, by and between McKool Smith, a professional corporation, and VirnetX, Inc.	10-Q	10.1	05/07/2010	001-33852
10.22**	Settlement and License Agreement, by and between Microsoft Corporation and VirnetX, Inc., dated May 14, 2010.	10-Q/A	10.1	01/31/2011	000-33852
10.23***	Amended Settlement and License Agreement, by and between Microsoft Corporation and VirnetX, Inc., dated December 17, 2014.	10-K	10.23	03/02/2015	001-33852
10.24*	Employment Offer Letter from VirnetX, Inc. to Richard H. Nance.	10-Q	10.4	05/10/2012	001-33852
10.25	Patent Licensing Representative Agreement, by and between IPValue Management, Inc. and VirnetX, Inc., dated May 8, 2015.	10-Q	10.1	05/11/2015	001-33852

67

Exhibit Number		Incorporated by reference herein
	Description	Form	Exhibit No.	Filing Date	File No.
21.1	Subsidiaries of VirnetX Holding Corporation.
23.1	Consent of Farber Hass Hurley LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1	Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act.
31.2	Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act.
32.1†	Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2†	Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS††	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH††	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL††	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF††	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB††	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE††	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

** Confidential treatment has been granted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as to certain portions of this Exhibit.

*** Portions of this Exhibit have been omitted pending a determination by the Securities and Exchange Commission as to whether these portions should be granted confidential treatment.

† The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of VirnetX Holding Corporation under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, whether before or after the date of this Form 10-K, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

†† XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) information is furnished and not filed herewith, is not a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

68

EX-21.1

EXHIBIT 21.1

Subsidiaries of Registrant

Name of Entity	Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization
Network Research Corporation Japan Ltd. (known as Network Research Corporation Japan Kabushiki Kaisha in Japan)	Japan
VirnetX Inc.	Delaware

EX-23.1

EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (Nos. 333-149884, 333-153645 and 333-162145) and Form S-8 (No. 333-149883) of our reports dated March 15, 2016, relating to the consolidated financial statements of VirnetX Holding Corporation (the “Company”), and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2015.

/s/ Farber Hass Hurley LLP

Chatsworth, CA

March 15, 2016

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Kendall Larsen, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of VirnetX Holding Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Kendall Larsen

Kendall Larsen

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: March 15, 2016

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Richard H. Nance, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of VirnetX Holding Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Richard H. Nance

Richard H. Nance

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

Date: March 15, 2016

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of VirnetX Holding Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2016 (the “Report”), I, Kendall Larsen, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

/s/ Kendall Larsen

Kendall Larsen

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: March 15, 2016

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of VirnetX Holding Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2016 (the “Report”), I, Richard Nance, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

/s/ Richard H. Nance

Richard H. Nance

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

Date: March 15, 2016

XML

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Mar. 02, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	VirnetX Holding Corp
Entity Central Index Key	0001082324
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Public Float			$ 219,195,396
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		54,479,905
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2015
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2015

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 8,726	$ 18,658
Investments available for sale	9,954	22,571
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	685	653
Total current assets	19,365	41,882
Prepaid expenses - non-current	2,759	3,144
Property and equipment, net	48	64
Total assets	22,172	45,090
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	2,283	3,327
Royalty payable	0	6,100
Accrued payroll and related expenses	1,383	227
Related-party payable	11	81
Income tax liability	400	408
Deferred revenue, current portion	1,500	1,500
Derivative liability	0	320
Total current liabilities	5,577	11,963
Deferred revenue, non-current portion	$ 1,500	$ 500
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share Authorized: 10,000,000 shares at December 31, 2015 and 2014, Issued and outstanding: 0 shares at December 31, 2015 and 2014	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share Authorized: 100,000,000 shares at December 31, 2015 and 2014, Issued and outstanding: 53,198,835 shares and 51,996,701 shares, at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively	5	5
Additional paid-in capital	144,778	133,072
Accumulated deficit	(129,669)	(100,435)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(19)	(15)
Total stockholders' equity	15,095	32,627
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 22,172	$ 45,090

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	53,198,835	51,996,701
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	53,198,835	51,996,701

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 1,555	$ 1,249	$ 2,197
Operating expense:
Royalty expense	5,265	6,100	0
Research and development	2,277	2,004	1,782
Selling, general and administrative	23,190	28,310	29,002
Gain on settlement (Note 3)	0	(23,000)	0
Total operating expenses	30,732	13,414	30,784
Loss from operations	(29,177)	(12,165)	(28,587)
Gain (loss) on change in value of embedded derivative and warrants	(117)	2,238	1,608
Interest income, net	68	40	122
Loss before taxes	(29,226)	(9,887)	(26,857)
Income tax expense	(8)	(15)	(751)
Net loss	$ (29,234)	$ (9,902)	$ (27,608)
Basic and diluted loss per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.56)	$ (0.19)	$ (0.54)
Weighted average shares outstanding basic and diluted (in shares)	52,384,494	51,570,472	51,188,006

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (29,234)	$ (9,902)	$ (27,608)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Change in equity adjustment from foreign currency translation, net of tax	(1)	0	(12)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax	(3)	22	(33)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(4)	22	(45)
Comprehensive loss	$ (29,238)	$ (9,880)	$ (27,653)

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Other Comprehensive Income (Expense) [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2012	$ 5	$ 116,856	$ (62,925)	$ 8	$ 53,944
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2012	51,150,242
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation		7,563			7,563
Exercise of options		170			170
Exercise of options (in shares)	39,833
Vested RSUs (in shares)	46,066
Comprehensive income:
Net loss			(27,608)		(27,608)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax				(45)	(45)
Comprehensive loss					(27,653)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2013	$ 5	124,589	(90,533)	(37)	34,024
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2013	51,236,141
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock issued for cash exercise of warrants, net		9			9
Stock issued for cash exercise of warrants (in shares)	2,500
Stock-based compensation		8,189			8,189
Exercise of options		278			278
Exercise of options (in shares)	679,321
Vested RSUs (in shares)	78,739
Derivative liability		7			7
Comprehensive income:
Net loss			(9,902)		(9,902)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax				22	22
Comprehensive loss					(9,880)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2014	$ 5	133,072	(100,435)	(15)	32,627
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2014	51,996,701
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock issued for cash exercise of warrants, net		431			431
Stock issued for cash exercise of warrants (in shares)	120,161
Stock issued for cash, net		3,276			3,276
Stock issued for cash, net (in shares)	835,056
Advisor warrant issuance		121			121
Stock-based compensation		7,275			7,275
Exercise of options		165			165
Exercise of options (in shares)	143,100
Vested RSUs (in shares)	103,817
Derivative liability		438			438
Comprehensive income:
Net loss			(29,234)		(29,234)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax				(4)	(4)
Comprehensive loss					(29,238)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 5	$ 144,778	$ (129,669)	$ (19)	$ 15,095
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015	53,198,835

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical)	Dec. 31, 2015 $ / shares
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY [Abstract]
Stock issued for cash exercise of warrants, net (in dollars per share)	$ 3.59
Stock issued for cash, net (in dollars per share)	$ 4.04

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (29,234)	$ (9,902)	$ (27,608)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	26	25	36
Amortization of warrant issuance costs	91	0	0
Stock-based compensation	7,275	8,189	7,563
Change in value of derivative liability	117	(2,238)	(1,608)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(2)	(296)	(243)
Prepaid expenses - Non-current	385	(3,144)	0
Prepaid taxes	0	0	14,963
Deferred revenue	1,000	1,333	667
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(1,044)	1,806	(1,449)
Accrued payroll and related expenses	1,156	0	0
Royalty payable	(6,100)	6,100	0
Related-party payable	(70)	81	0
Income tax liability	(8)	13	395
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(26,408)	1,967	(7,284)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(10)	(35)	(7)
Purchase of investments	(10,673)	(45,500)	(92,729)
Proceeds from sale, maturity of investments	23,287	42,766	99,362
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	12,604	(2,769)	6,626
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of common stock	3,276	0	0
Proceeds from exercise of options	165	278	170
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	431	9	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	3,872	287	170
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(9,932)	(515)	(488)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	18,658	19,173	19,661
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	8,726	18,658	19,173
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for taxes	6	2	0
Cash paid during the year for interest	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Formation and Business of the Company

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Formation and Business of the Company [Abstract]

Formation and Business of the Company

Note 1 - Formation and Business of the Company

VirnetX Holding Corporation, which we refer to as” we”, “us”, “our”, “the Company” or “VirnetX”, is engaged in the business of commercializing a portfolio of patents. We seek to license our technology, including GABRIEL Connection Technology™, to various original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, that use our technologies in the development and manufacturing of their own products within the IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications markets. Prior to 2012 our revenue was limited to an insignificant amount of software royalties pursuant to the terms of a single license agreement. During 2013 and 2012 we had revenues from settlements of patent infringement disputes whereby we received consideration for past sales of licensees that utilized our technology, where there was no prior patent license agreement (see “Revenue Recognition”).

Our portfolio of intellectual property is the foundation of our business model. We currently own approximately 39 U.S. and 66 foreign patents with approximately 75 pending patent applications worldwide. Our patent portfolio is primarily focused on securing real-time communications over the Internet, as well as related services such as the establishment and maintenance of a secure domain name registry. Our patented methods also have additional applications in the key areas of device operating systems and network security for Cloud services, M2M communications in areas of Smart City, Connected Car and Connected Home. The subject matter of all our U.S and foreign patents and pending applications relates generally to securing communications over the internet and such covers all our technology and other products. Our issued U.S. and foreign patents expire at various times during the period from 2019 to 2024. Some of our issued patents and pending patent applications were acquired by our principal operating subsidiary; VirnetX, Inc., from Leidos, (f/k/a Science Applications International Corporation or SAIC) in 2006 and we are required to make payments to Leidos, based on cash or certain other values generated from those patents. The amount of such payments depends upon the type of value generated, and certain categories are subject to maximums and other limitations.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. The critical accounting policies we employ in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are those which involve impairment of long-lived assets, income taxes, fair value of financial instruments and stock-based compensation.

Use of Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). In doing so, we have to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, as well as related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. In some cases, we could reasonably have used different accounting policies and estimates. In some cases, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from our estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations will be affected. We base our estimates on past experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. We refer to accounting estimates of this type as critical accounting policies and estimates, which we discuss further below. We have reviewed our critical accounting policies and estimates with the audit committee of our board of directors.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of VirnetX Holding Corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Revenue Recognition

We derive our revenue from patent licensing. The timing and amount of revenue recognized from each licensee depends upon a variety of factors, including the specific terms of each agreement and the nature of the deliverables and obligations. Such agreements may be complex and include multiple elements. These agreements may include, without limitation, elements related to the settlement of past patent infringement liabilities, up-front and non-refundable license fees for the use of patents, patent licensing royalties on covered products sold by licensees, and the compensation structure and ownership of intellectual property rights associated with contractual technology development arrangements. Licensing agreements are accounted for under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) revenue recognition guidance, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.” This guidance requires consideration to be allocated to each element of an agreement that has stand-alone value using the relative fair value method. In other circumstances, such as those agreements involving consideration for past and expected future patent royalty obligations, after consideration of the particular facts and circumstances, the appropriate recording of revenue between periods may require the use of judgment. In all cases, revenue is only recognized after all of the following criteria are met: (1) written agreements have been executed; (2) delivery of technology or intellectual property rights has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) fees are fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability of fees is reasonably assured.

Patent License Agreements: Upon signing a patent license agreement, including licenses entered into upon settlement of litigation, we provide the licensee permission to use our patented technology in specific applications. We account for patent license agreements in accordance with the guidance for revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple deliverables, with amounts allocated to each element based on their fair values. We have elected to utilize the leased-based model for revenue recognition with revenue being recognized over the expected period of benefit to the licensee. Under our patent license agreements, we do or expect to typically receive one or a combination of the following forms of payment as consideration for permitting our licensees to use our patented inventions in specific applications and products:

• Consideration for Past Sales: Consideration related to a licensee’s product sales from prior periods may result from a negotiated agreement with a licensee that utilized our patented technology prior to signing a patent license agreement with us or from the resolution of a litigation, disagreement or arbitration with a licensee over the specific terms of an existing license agreement. We may also receive royalty for past sales in connection with the settlement of patent litigation where there was no prior patent license agreement. These amounts are negotiated, typically based upon application of a royalty rate to historical sales prior to the execution of the license agreement. In each of these cases, since delivery has occurred, we record the consideration as revenue when we have obtained a signed agreement, identified a fixed or determinable price, and determined that collectability is reasonably assured.

• Current Royalty Payments: Ongoing royalty payments cover a licensee’s obligations to us related to its sales of covered products in the current contractual reporting period. Licensees that owe these current royalty payments are obligated to provide us with quarterly or semi-annual royalty reports that summarize their sales of covered products and their related royalty obligations to us. We expect to receive these royalty reports subsequent to the period in which our licensees’ underlying sales occurred. As a result, it is impractical for us to recognize revenue in the period in which the underlying sales occur, and, in most cases, we will recognize revenue in the period in which the royalty report is received and other revenue recognition criteria are met due to the fact that without royalty reports from our licensees, our visibility into our licensees’ sales is limited.

• Non-Refundable Up-Front Fees and Minimum Fee Contracts: For licenses that provide for non-refundable up-front or fixed minimum fees over their term, for which we have no future obligations or performance requirements, revenue is generally recognized over the license term. For licenses that provide for fees that are not fixed or determinable, including licenses that provide for extended payment terms and/or payment of a significant portion of the fee after expiration of the license or more than 12 months after delivery, the fees are generally presumed not to be fixed or determinable, and revenue is deferred and recognized as earned, but generally not in advance of collection.

• Non-Royalty Elements: Elements that are not related to royalty revenue in nature, such as settlement fees, expense reimbursement, and damages, if any, are recorded as gain from settlement which is reflected as a separate line item within the operating expenses section in the consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred revenue

In August 2013 we began receiving annual payments on a contract that requires payment to us over 4 years of $10,000 (“August 2013 Contract Settlement”). From the inception of that license to December 31, 2015, we received cash totaling $7,500, all of which is non-refundable. We recognized $1,500, $1,167 and $1,833 of revenue related from the August 2013 Contract Settlement during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively.

Activity under the August 2013 Contract Settlement was as follows:

	2015		2014		2013
Deferred Revenue, beginning of year	$	2,000	$	667	$	—
Payment received		2,500		2,500		2,500
Less: Amount amortized as revenue		1,500		1,167		1,833
Deferred Revenue, end of year	$	3,000	$	2,000	$	667

Royalty Expense

Royalty expense for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $5,265, $6,100 and zero respectively and was a result of our royalty agreement with Leidos. There was no expense for the year ended December 31, 2013. The agreement provides for revenue sharing and legal reimbursements related to attorney time and expenses incurred by Leidos during discovery and other aspects of litigation matters that have been resolved.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents are not subject to significant interest rate risk due to the short maturities of these investments.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid Expense and Other Current Assets at December 31, 2015 includes the current portion of prepaid rent for a facility lease for corporate promotional and marketing purposes. Beginning March 2014, the prepayment totaling $4,000 is being amortized over the 10-year term of the lease. The unamortized non-current portion of the prepayment is included in Prepaid Expenses-Non-current on the consolidated balance sheet.

Investments

Investments are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair market value. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses are recorded in income in the period they are realized. Unrealized gains and losses on our investments are included in other comprehensive income. We invest our excess cash primarily in highly liquid debt instruments including corporate, government and federal agency securities, with contractual maturities less than two years. By policy, we limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the accelerated and straight line methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from five to seven years. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Our cash and cash equivalents are primarily maintained at two major financial institutions in the United States. Deposits held with these financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. A portion of those balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC. During the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had, at times, funds that were uninsured. We do not believe that we are subject to any unusual financial risk beyond the normal risk associated with commercial banking relationships. We have not experienced any losses on our deposits of cash and cash equivalents.

Fair Value

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value because of their generally short maturities.

Intangible Assets

We record intangible assets at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization of intangible assets is provided over their estimated useful lives, which can range from 3 to 15 years, on either a straight-line basis or as revenue is generated by the assets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We identify and record impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recoverable, but not less than annually. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the anticipated future net undiscounted cash flows to the related assets’ carrying value. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from the asset.

Research and Development

Research and development costs include expenses paid to outside development consultants and compensation related expenses for our engineering staff. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. The asset and liability method requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for expected future tax consequences of temporary differences that currently exist between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of our assets and liabilities. We calculate current and deferred tax provisions based on estimates and assumptions that could differ from actual results reflected on the income tax returns filed during the following years. Adjustments based on filed returns are recorded when identified in the subsequent years. The effect on deferred taxes for a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that the tax rate change is enacted. In assessing if we will realize our deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

A valuation allowance is provided for deferred income tax assets when, in our judgment, based upon currently available information and other factors, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of such deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The determination of the need for a valuation allowance is based on an on-going evaluation of current information including, among other things, historical operating results, estimates of future earnings in different taxing jurisdictions and the expected timing of the reversals of temporary differences. We believe the determination to record a valuation allowance to reduce a deferred income tax asset is a significant accounting estimate because it is based, among other things, on an estimate of future taxable income in the United States and certain other jurisdictions, which is susceptible to change and may or may not occur, and because the impact of adjusting a valuation allowance may be material. In determining when to release the valuation allowance established against our net deferred income tax assets, we consider all available evidence, both positive and negative. Consistent with our policy, and because of our history of operating losses, we do not currently recognize the benefit of all of our deferred tax assets, including tax loss carry forwards, that may be used to offset future taxable income. We continually assess our ability to generate sufficient taxable income during future periods in which our deferred tax assets may be realized. If and when we believe it is more likely than not that we will recover our deferred tax assets, we will reverse the valuation allowance as an income tax benefit in our statements of operations.

We account for our uncertain tax positions in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The purpose of this method is to clarify accounting for uncertain tax positions recognized. The U.S. GAAP method of accounting for uncertain tax positions utilizes a two-step approach to evaluate tax positions. Step one, recognition, requires evaluation of the tax position to determine if based solely on technical merits it is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. Step two, measurement, is addressed only if a position is more likely than not to be sustained. In step two, the tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit, determined on a cumulative probability basis, which is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement with tax authorities. If a position does not meet the more likely than not threshold for recognition in step one, no benefit is recorded until the first subsequent period in which the more likely than not standard is met, the issue is resolved with the taxing authority, or the statute of limitations expires. Positions previously recognized are derecognized when we subsequently determine the position no longer is more likely than not to be sustained. Evaluation of tax positions, their technical merits, and measurements using cumulative probability are highly subjective management estimates. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Derivative Instruments

Our Series I Warrants were accounted for as derivative instruments as a result of an anti-dilution provision which, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, prevented them from being considered indexed to our stock and qualified for an exception to derivative accounting.

We recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. We record changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of the derivatives in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation using the fair value recognition method in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We recognize these compensation costs net of the applicable forfeiture rate and recognize the compensation costs for only those shares expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term of 4 years. We estimate the forfeiture rate based on our historical experience if any. See Note 7 - Stock-Based Compensation for additional information concerning our share-based compensation awards.

In addition, as required we record stock and options granted to non-employees at fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued as they vest over the performance period.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities had been issued. During 2015, 2014 and 2013 we incurred losses; therefore, the effect of any common stock equivalent would be anti-dilutive during these periods.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued “Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-17—Income Taxes (Topic 740)”. Current GAAP requires an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in a classified statement of financial position. To simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes, this Update requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments in this Update apply to all entities that present a classified statement of financial position. The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendments in this Update. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In April 2015, the FASB issued an ASU entitled “Interest - Imputation of Interest.” The ASU requires that an entity simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is allowed for all entities for financial statements that have not been previously issued. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In February 2015, the FASB issued an ASU entitled “Consolidation.” The ASU includes amendments to the consolidation analysis which are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption, including adoption in interim periods, is permitted. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In January 2015, the FASB issued an ASU entitled “Income Statement Extraordinary and Unusual Items.” The ASU requires that an entity simplify Income Statement presentation by eliminating the concept of “Extraordinary Items”. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted provided that the guidance is applied from the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern”, Subtopic 205-40, “Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern.” The amendments in this ASU apply to all entities and require management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the amendments (1) provide a definition of the term substantial doubt, (2) require an evaluation every reporting period including interim periods, (3) provide principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans, (4) require certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, (5) require an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated, and (6) require an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The amendments in this Update are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and results of operations.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718),” which makes amendments to the codification topic 718, “Accounting for Share-Based Payments,” when the terms of an award provide that a performance target could be achieved after the requisite service period. The new guidance becomes effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and results of operations.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606). Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition” including most industry-specific revenue recognition guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. In addition, the amendments create a new Subtopic 340-40, “Other Assets and Deferred Costs—Contracts with Customers”. In summary, the core principle of Topic 606 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. For a public entity, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

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Gain on Settlement

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Gain on Settlement [Abstract]

Gain on Settlement

Note 3 - Gain on Settlement

In December 2014, we received a $23,000 cash settlement resulting from litigation with Microsoft (see Note 14 “Litigation”). In June 2010, we received a $200,000 cash settlement from litigation with Microsoft, in which we agreed to dismiss the pending lawsuits and any damages. The 2010 settlement agreement was amended in December 2014 to settle a subsequent lawsuit with Microsoft, raising the total cash settlement with Microsoft, as amended, to $223,000. In both the original settlement and the December 2014 amendment, we could not practically and objectively separate any settlement portion from the revenue element as discussed under the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 605,“Revenue Recognition”, and as a result, the settlement proceeds are classified as a gain on settlement in our consolidated statement of operations.

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Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Property and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Note 4 - Property and Equipment

Our major classes of property and equipment were as follows:

	December 31
	2015			2014			2013
Office furniture	$	70		$	70		$	70
Computer equipment		168			157			121
Total		238			227			191
Less accumulated depreciation		(190	)		(163	)		(138	)
	$	48		$	64		$	53

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $26, $25 and $24 respectively.

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Commitments and Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Commitments and Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Commitments and Related Party Transactions

Note 5 – Commitments and Related Party Transactions

We lease our offices under an operating lease with a third party expiring in October 2015. We recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rent expense was $56, $56 and $56 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

During 2015 and 2014 we leased the use of an aircraft from K2 Investment Fund LLC (“LLC”) for business travel for employees of the Company. We incurred approximately $593 and $296 in rental fees (including fees and other reimbursements) to the LLC during the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 respectively, for such use of which $11 remains payable at December 31, 2015. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Administrative Officer are the managing partners of the LLC and control the equity interests of the LLC. On January 31, 2015 we entered into a 12-month non-exclusive lease with the LLC for use of the plane at a rate of $8 per flight hour, with no minimum usage requirement. The agreement contains other terms and conditions normal in such transactions and can be cancelled by either us or the LLC with 30 days’ notice. The lease renews on an annual basis unless terminated by the Lessor or Lessee. Neither party has yet exercised their termination rights.

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Stock Plan

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Stock Plan [Abstract]

Stock Plan

Note 6 - Stock Plan

We have a stock incentive plan for employees and others called the VirnetX Holding Corporation 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), which has been approved by our stockholders. The 2013 Plan provides for the issuance of up to 2,500,000 shares of our common stock. To the extent that any award should expire, become un-exercisable or is otherwise forfeited, the shares subject to such award will again become available for issuance under the 2013 Plan. The 2013 Plan provides for the granting of stock options and restricted stock purchase rights (“RSU”) to our employees and consultants. Stock options granted under the 2013 Plan may be incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options. Incentive stock options (“ISO”) may only be granted to our employees (including officers and directors). Nonqualified stock options (“NSO”) and stock purchase rights may be granted to our employees and consultants.

The 2013 Plan will expire in 2023. Options may be granted under the 2013 Plan with an exercise price determined by our Board of Directors, or a duly appointed committee thereof, provided, however, that the exercise price of an option granted to any employee shall be not less than 100% of the fair market value at the date of grant in the case of ISO or 85% of the fair market value at the date of grant in the case of an NSO. The exercise price of an ISO or NSO granted to one of our Named Executive Officers shall not be less than 100% fair market value of the shares at the date of grant and the exercise price of an ISO granted to a 10% shareholder shall not be less than 110% of the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant. Stock options granted under the 2013 Plan typically vest over four years and have a 10-year term. All RSUs are considered to be granted at the fair value of our stock on the date of grant because they have no exercise price. RSUs typically vest over four years. At December 31, 2015 there were 1,069,552 shares available for grant under the 2013 Plan.

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Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Note 7 - Stock-Based Compensation

The following tables summarize information about stock-options and RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2015:

Options Outstanding							Options Vested and Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Number Outstanding		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number Exercisable		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price
$   0.24-   1.58		821,402		3.11	$	1.11		821,402		3.11	$	1.11
$   1.74-   6.95		2,924,901		3.82		4.74		2,308,933		2.27		4.84
$ 14.52- 35.25		1,253,625		6.71		23.16		987,800		6.40		23.99
		4,999,928		4.43	$	8.76		4,118,135		3.43	$	8.69

The following tables summarize activity under the Plan for the indicated periods:

	Options
	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		4,776,224			6.94		—		—
Options granted		274,625			25.37		—		—
Options exercised		(39,833	)		4.27		—		—
Options cancelled		(34,167	)		20.57		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2013		4,976,849			7.86		—		—
Options granted		261,500			15.21		—		—
Options exercised		(679,321	)		0.41		—		—
Options cancelled		(70,000	)		13.38		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2014		4,489,028		$	9.33		—		—
Options granted		694,000			4.47		—		—
Options exercised		(143,100	)		1.15		—		—
Options cancelled		(40,000	)		25.61		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		4,999,928		$	8.76		4.43	$	1,215
Options exercisable at December 31, 2015		4,118,135		$	8.69		3.43	$	1,215

	RSUs
	Number of RSUs			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		151,665		$	25.60	$	—
RSUs granted		156,415			23.72		—
RSUs vested		(55,832	)		27.06		—
RSUs cancelled		(3,333	)		24.75		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2013		248,915		$	24.10	$	—
RSUs granted		154,332			15.30		—
RSUs vested		(88,686	)		24.08		—
RSUs cancelled		(4,167	)		24.13		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2014		310,394		$	19.74	$	—
RSUs granted		162,665			5.57		—
RSUs vested		(113,103	)		20.11		—
RSUs cancelled		—			—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		359,956		$	13.22	$	—

Intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the per-share market price of our common stock on the last trading day of 2015, which was $2.57, and the exercise price of the options. For options exercised, the intrinsic value is the difference between market price and the exercise price on the date of exercise. We received cash proceeds of $165, $278 and $170 from stock options exercised in 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $203, $3,575 and $676 during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. For RSUs vested, the intrinsic value is the difference between market price and the vested price on the date of vest. The total intrinsic value of the RSUs vested was zero during the year ended December 31, 2015.

Stock-based compensation expense is included in general and administrative expense for each period as follows:

Stock-Based Compensation by Type of Award	Year Ended December 31, 2015		Year Ended December 31, 2014		Year Ended December 31, 2013
Employee stock options	$	4,939	$	5,951	$	6,488
RSUs		2,336		2,238		1,075
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	7,275	$	8,189	$	7,563

As of December 31, 2015, there was $5,845 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense expected to be recognized related to unvested employee stock options and $3,384 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense to be recognized related to unvested RSUs. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.02 and 2.32 years, respectively.

The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following weighted average assumptions:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015	Year Ended December 31, 2014	Year Ended December 31, 2013
Expected stock price volatility	82%	88%	93%
Risk-free interest rate	2.12%	2.56%	2.04%
Expected life term (in years)	6.07 years	6.0 years	6.10 years
Expected dividends	0%	0%	0%

Based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the weighted average estimated fair value of employee stock options granted was $3.17, $11.26 and $19.24 per share during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

The expected life was determined using the simplified method outlined in ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation”, taking the average of the vesting term and the contractual term of the option. Expected volatility of the stock options was based upon historical data and other relevant factors, such as the volatility of comparable publicly-traded companies at a similar stage of life cycle. We have not provided an estimate for forfeitures because we have had nominal forfeited options and RSUs and believe that all outstanding options and RSUs at December 31, 2015, will vest. In the future, we may change this estimate based on actual and expected future forfeiture rates.

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Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Note 8 - Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding for a period. Diluted earnings per share are based upon the weighted average number of shares and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding. Potential common shares outstanding principally include stock options, under our stock plan and warrants. During 2015, 2014 and 2013 we incurred losses; therefore, the effect of any common stock equivalent would be anti-dilutive during those periods.

The table below sets forth the basic and diluted loss per share calculations:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Net loss	$	(29,234	)	$	(9,902	)	$	(27,608	)
Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding		52,384			51,570			51,188
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.54	)

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Common Stock

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Common Stock [Abstract]

Common Stock

Note 9 - Common Stock

Each share of common stock has the right to one vote. The holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by our Board of Directors, subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights as to dividends. Our restated articles of incorporation authorize us to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of $.0001 par value common stock.

On August 21, 2015 we filed a universal shelf registration statement with the SEC enabling us to offer and sell from time to time up to $100 million of equity, debt or other types of securities. We also entered into an at-the-market (“ATM”) equity offering sales agreement with Cowen & Company, LLC on August 20, 2015, under which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate value of up to $35 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, we sold 835,056 shares under the ATM. The average sales price per common share was $4.04 and the aggregate proceeds from the sales totaled $3,378 during the period. Sales commissions, fees and other costs associated with the ATM totaled $101.

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Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Equity [Abstract]

Equity

Note 10 – Equity

Warrants

During the year ended December 31, 2015 we issued warrants (“Advisor Warrants”) for the purchase of 25,000 shares of common stock for $7 per share, which expire in April 2020. The Advisor Warrants were issued for advisory services provided by a third party. Our Advisor Warrants were recorded at fair value on the issuance date and included in Additional Paid in Capital on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Advisor Warrants are exercisable by the holder, in whole or in part, until expiration, and may also be net-share-settled. Terms of the warrant agreement include no registration requirements for the underlying common stock and there are no anti-dilution provisions. The fair value at issuance of the warrants was recorded in Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets, and is being amortized over the twelve-month life of the service contract, with the expense included in Selling, General and Administrative Expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Information about warrants outstanding during the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 follows:

Original Number of Warrants Issued	Exercise Price per Common Share	Exercisable at December 31, 2014	Became Exercisable	Exercised	Terminated / Cancelled / Expired	Exercisable at December 31, 2015	Expiration Date
2,619,036(1)	$3.59	157,467	—	120,161	37,306	—	March 2015
25,000(2)	$7.00	—	25,000	—	—	25,000	April 2020
		157,467	25,000	120,161	37,306	25,000

(1) Referred to as Series I Warrants.

(2) Referred to as Advisor Warrants

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Employee Benefit Plan

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Employee Benefit Plan [Abstract]

Employee Benefit Plan

Note 11 - Employee Benefit Plan

We sponsor a defined contribution, 401k plan, covering substantially all our employees. Our matching contribution to the plan was approximately $59 in 2015, $45 in 2014 and $47 in 2013.

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 12 - Income Taxes

The income tax provision is comprised of the following:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014			Year Ended December 31, 2013
Current:
Federal	$	10		$	(13	)	$	(354	)
State		(18	)		(2	)		(397	)
Foreign		—			—			—
		(8	)		(15	)		(751	)
Deferred:
Federal		—			—			—
State		—			—			—
		—			—			—
Total income tax provision	$	(8	)	$	(15	)	$	(751	)

A reconciliation of the United States federal statutory income tax rate to our effective income tax rate is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014			Year Ended December 31, 2013
United States federal statutory rate		35.00	%		35.00	%		35.00	%
State taxes, net of federal benefit		(0.04	)%		(0.02	)%		(1.48	)%
Valuation allowance		(33.36	)%		(41.67	)%		(37.11	)%
Stock options		(1.62	)%		0.39	%		(0.17	)%
Prior year true-up		0.03	%		(0.13	)%		(1.32	)%
R&D Credit		0.38	%		—			—
Warrants		(0.14	)%		7.92	%		2.10	%
Other		(0.29	)%		(1.64	)%		0.18	%
Effective income tax rate		(0.04	)%		(0.15	)%		(2.80	)%

In 2015, 2014 and 2013, we had pre-tax losses of $21, $10, and $27 million, respectively, which are available for carry forward to offset future taxable income. We made determinations to provide full valuation allowances for our net deferred tax assets at the end of 2015, 2014 and 2013, including NOL carryforwards generated during the years, based on our evaluation of positive and negative evidence, including our history of operating losses and the uncertainty of generating future taxable income that would enable us to realize our deferred tax assets. The small provisions in 2015 and 2014 were related to the payment of miscellaneous penalties and minimum taxes. The 2013 tax provision of $751 was due primarily to a change in our estimate of taxable income for the 2012 period and a tax reserve for certain credits utilized in the 2010 tax return.

Deferred tax assets (liabilities) consist of the following:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014
Deferred tax assets:
Reserves and accruals	$	462		$	—
State tax		1			1
Research and development credits and other credits		908			924
Net operating loss carry forward		18,496			11,190
Stock based compensation		9,855			8,452
Other		102			127
Total deferred tax assets		29,824			20,694
Valuation allowance		(29,814	)		(20,679	)
Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance		10			15
Deferred tax liability:
Depreciation and amortization		(10	)		(15	)
Total deferred tax liability		(10	)		(15	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	—		$	—

In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of deferred assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.

Based on the available objective evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2015 will not be fully realizable. Accordingly, management has maintained a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2015. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the 12 months ended December 31, 2015 was an increase of $9,135. At December 31, 2015, we had federal and state net operating loss carry-forwards of approximately $52,549 and $37,603, respectively, expiring beginning in 2028 and 2017, respectively. At December 31, 2015, we had federal research and development credit carry-forwards of approximately $908 expiring beginning in 2031.

Internal Revenue Code Section 382 places a limitation (the “Section 382 Limitation”) on the amount of taxable income that can be offset by net operating loss carry forwards after a change in control (generally greater than 50% change in ownership) of a loss corporation. California the state in which our headquarters was once located has similar rules. Our capitalization described herein may have resulted in such a change. Generally, after a control change, a loss corporation cannot deduct net operating loss carry forwards generated in years prior to the deemed change of control under IRC Section 382 in excess of the Section 382 Limitation.

We are required to recognize the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. As a result, we have provided contingent reserve under ASC 740-10 of $316 and $316 at December 31, 2015, and December 31, 2014, respectively. Our tax returns are subject to review by various tax authorities. The returns subject to review are those from 2005 forward.

Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. We have accrued interest or penalties during the 12-month period ended December 31, 2015 in the amount of $0.

A reconciliation of beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits follows:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015		Year Ended December 31, 2014		Year Ended December 31, 2013
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	316	$	316	$	128
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		—		—		—
Additions for tax positions of prior years		—		—		188
Settlements		—		—		—
Lapse of applicable statute of limitations		—		—		—
Balance at the end of the year	$	316	$	316	$	316

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Fair Value Measurement

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Fair Value Measurement [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement

Note 13 - Fair Value Measurement

We apply fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, investments in certificates of deposit, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to the short period of time until maturity.

Mutual Funds: Valued at the quoted net asset value (NAV) of shares held.

Corporate, Government and U.S. Agency securities: Fair value measured at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded.

      Series I Warrants: Fair value measured by using a Binomial valuation model. The assumptions used to measure fair value of our outstanding Series I Warrants carried as derivative liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet for December 31, 2014 were a warrant exercise price of $3.59 per share, a common share price of $5.49, a discount rate of 1.65%, and a volatility of 89.6%. The balance of the Series 1 Warrants expired in March 2015.

The following table shows our cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category recorded as cash and cash equivalents of investments available for sale as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2015
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Investments Available for Sale
Cash	$	3,296	$	—	$	—		$	3,296	$	3,296	$	—
Level 1:
Mutual funds		5,005		—		—			5,005		5,005		—
Government securities		1,806		—		(3	)		1,803		—		1,803
U.S agency securities		8,579		1		(4	)		8,576		425		8,151
		15,390		1		(7	)		15,384		5,430		9,954
Total	$	18,686	$	1	$	(7	)	$	18,680	$	8,726	$	9,954

	December 31, 2014
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Investments Available for Sale
Cash	$	1,183	$	—	$	—		$	1,183	$	1,183	$	—
Level 1:
Mutual funds		10,139		—		—			10,139		10,139		—
Corporate securities		9,405		1		(3	)		9,403		1,645		7,758
U.S agency securities		20,504		2		(2	)		20,504		5,691		14,813
		40,048		3		(5	)		40,046		17,475		22,571
Total	$	41,231	$	3	$	(5	)	$	41,229	$	18,658	$	22,571

The maturities of our marketable securities generally range from within one to two years. Actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities due to call or prepayment provisions.

The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, our financial instrument liabilities as of December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
Series l Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	320	$	320
Total	$	—	$	—	$	320	$	320

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of our Level 3 financial instrument liability for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Year ended December 31, 2015			Year ended December 31, 2014			Year ended December 31, 2013
Beginning Balance	$	320		$	2,564		$	4,172
(Gain) losses included in net losses		117			(2,237	)		(1,608	)
Settlements		(333	)		(7	)		—
Expiration of warrants		(104	)		—			—
Ending Balance	$	—		$	320		$	2,564

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Litigation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Litigation [Abstract]

Litigation

Note 14 - Litigation

We have one intellectual property infringement lawsuit pending against Apple, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, pursuant to which we allege that this party infringes on certain of our patents. We seek damages and injunctive relief in all the complaints.

VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) – Consolidated Lead Case

On March 30, 2015, the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, issued an order finding substantial overlap between the remanded portions of the Civil Action Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED (VirnetX vs. Cisco et. al.), and the ongoing Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.). The court consolidated the two civil actions under Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.) and designated it as the lead case. The jury trial in this case was held on January 25, 2016. On February 4, 2016, a jury in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, awarded us $625.6 million in a verdict against Apple Corporation for infringing four of our US patents, marking it the second time a federal jury has found Apple liable for infringing VirnetX’s patented technology. The verdict includes royalties awarded to us based on an earlier patent infringement finding (Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED) against Apple. The jury found that Apple’s modified VPN On-Demand, iMessage and FaceTime services infringed VirnetX’s patents and that Apple’s infringement was willful. In addition to determining the royalty owed by Apple for its prior infringement, this verdict also includes an award based on the jury’s finding that Apple’s modified VPN On Demand, iMessage and FaceTime services have continued to infringe VirnetX’s patents. In its order, issued on February 16, 2016, the court has set all post-trial motions for hearing on May 25, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Texarkana Division. The court has also ordered both parties to attend mediation by May 16, 2016.

VirnetX Inc. v. Cisco Systems, Inc. et al. (13-1489-LP VirnetX, Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED)

On August 11, 2010, we initiated a lawsuit by filing a complaint against Aastra, Apple, Cisco, and NEC in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, pursuant to which we alleged that these parties infringe on certain of our patents. We sought damages and injunctive relief. Aastra and NEC agreed to sign license agreements with us and we agreed to drop all the accusations of infringement against them. At the pre-trial hearing, the judge decided to conduct separate jury trial for each defendant, and try only the case against Apple on the scheduled trial date. The jury trial of our case against Cisco was held on March 4, 2013. The jury in our case against Cisco came back with a verdict of non-infringement also determined that all our patents-in-suit patents are not invalid. Our motions for a new trial and Cisco’s infringement of certain VirnetX patents were denied and the case against Cisco was closed.

The jury trial of our case against Apple was held on October 31, 2012. On November 6, 2012, a jury in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, awarded us over $368 million in a verdict against Apple Corporation for infringing four of our patents. On February 26, 2013, the court issued its Memorandum Opinion and Order regarding post-trial motions resulting from the prior jury verdict denying Apple’s motion to reduce the damages awarded by the jury for past infringement. The Court further denied Apple’s request for a new trial on the liability and damages portions of the verdict and granted our motions for pre-judgment interest, post-judgment interest, and post-verdict damages to date. The Court ordered that Apple pay $34 in daily interest up to final judgment and $330 in daily damages for infringement up to final judgment for certain Apple devices included in the verdict. The Court denied our request for a permanent injunction and severed the future infringement portion into its own separate proceedings under Case 6:13-CV-00211-LED.

On July 3, 2013, Apple filed an appeal of the judgment dated February 27, 2013 and order dated June 4, 2013 denying Apple’s motion to alter or amend the judgment to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (USCAFC). On September 16, 2014, USCAFC issued their opinion, affirming the jury’s finding that all 4 of our patents are valid, confirming the jury’s finding of infringement of VPN on Demand under many of the asserted claims of our ‘135 and ‘151 patents, and confirming the district’s court’s decision to allow evidence concerning our licenses and royalty rates in connection with the determination of damages. In its opinion, the USCAFC also vacated the jury’s damages award and the district court’s claim construction with respect to parts of our ‘504 and ‘211 patents and remanded the damages award and determination of infringement with respect to FaceTime –for further proceedings consistent with its opinion. On October 16, 2014, we filed a petition with the USCAFC, requesting a rehearing and rehearing en banc of the Federal Circuit’s September 14, 2014, decision concerning VirnetX’s litigation against Apple Inc. On December 16, 2014, USCAFC denied our petition requesting a rehearing and rehearing en banc of the Federal Circuit's September 14, 2014, decision and remanded the case back to the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, for further proceedings consistent with its opinion. On February 25, 2015, USCAFC granted Apple's motions to lift stay of proceedings and vacate Case 6:13-CV-00211-LED. All the issues at hand in Case 6:13-CV-00211-LED will now be addressed as a part of VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) - Consolidated Lead Case. On March 30, 2015, the court issued an order finding substantial overlap between the remanded portions of this case and the ongoing Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.). The court consolidated the two civil actions under Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.) and designated it as the lead case. All future updates will now be provided under VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) – Consolidated Lead Case.

VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED)

On November 6, 2012, we filed a new complaint against Apple Inc., in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division for willfully infringing four of our patents, U.S. Patent Nos. 6,502,135, 7,418,504, 7,921,211 and 7,490,151, and seeking both an unspecified amount of damages and injunctive relief. The accused products include the iPhone 5, iPod Touch 5th Generation, iPad 4th Generation, iPad mini, and the latest Macintosh computers. Due to their release dates, these products were not included in the previous lawsuit that concluded with a Jury verdict on November 6, 2012 that was subsequently upheld by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, on February 26, 2013. On July 1, 2013, we filed a consolidated and amended complaint to include U.S. Patent No. 8,051,181 and consolidate Civil Action No. 6:11-cv-00563-LED. On August 27, 2013, we filed an amended complaint including allegations of willful infringement related to U.S. Patent No. 8,504,697 seeking both damages and injunctive relief. The Markman hearing in this case was held on May 20, 2014 and on August 8, 2014, issued its Markman Order, denying Apple’s motion for summary judgment of indefiniteness, in which Apple alleged that some of the disputed claims terms in the patents asserted by us were invalid for indefiniteness. In a separate order, the court granted in part and denied in part our motion for partial summary judgment on Apple’s invalidity counterclaims, precluding Apple from asserting invalidity as a defense against infringement of the claims that were tried before a jury in our prior litigation against Apple (VirnetX vs. Cisco et. al., Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED). The jury trial in this case was scheduled for October 13, 2015. On March 30, 2015, the court issued an order finding substantial overlap between this case and the remanded portions of Case 6:10-CV-00417-LED (VirnetX vs. Cisco et. al.). The court consolidated the two civil actions under Civil Action Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED (VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc.) and designated it as the lead case. All future updates will now be provided under VirnetX Inc. v. Apple, Inc. (Case 6:12-CV-00855-LED) – Consolidated Lead Case.

One or more potential intellectual property infringement claims may also be available to us against certain other companies who have the resources to defend against any such claims. Although we believe these potential claims are worth pursuing, commencing a lawsuit can be expensive and time-consuming, and there is no assurance that we will prevail on such potential claims. In addition, bringing a lawsuit may lead to potential counterclaims which may preclude our ability to commercialize our initial products, which are currently in development. Currently, we are not a party to any other pending legal proceedings, and are not aware of any proceeding threatened or contemplated against us by any governmental authority or other party.

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Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) [Abstract]

Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited)

Note 15 - Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited)

	First			Second			Third			Fourth
	(in thousands except per share)
2015
Revenue	$	375		$	400		$	375		$	405
Loss from operations		(5,759	)		(9,567	)		(6,102	)		(7,749	)
Net loss		(5,855	)		(9,546	)		(6,097	)		(7,736	)
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.15	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.15	)

	First			Second			Third			Fourth
	(in thousands except per share)
2014
Revenue	$	250		$	268		$	292		$	439
Gain on settlement		—			—			—			23,000
Income (loss) from operations		(6,953	)		(6,171	)		(6,250	)		6,870
Net income/ (loss)		(6,087	)		(6,670	)		(4,468	)		7,325
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.09	)	$	0.14
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.09	)	$	0.14

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Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Note 16 – Subsequent Events

Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2015, we sold 1,231,069 shares under the ATM. The average sales price per common share was $4.13 and the aggregate proceeds from the sales totaled $5,086 during the period. Sales commissions, fees and other costs associated with the ATM totaled $153.

On February 4, 2016, a jury in the U.S. Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, awarded us $625.6 million in a verdict against Apple Corporation for infringing four of our patents. The verdict includes royalties awarded to us based on an earlier patent infringement finding against Apple. ln addition to determining the royalty owed by Apple for its prior infringement, this verdict also includes an award based on the jury’s finding that Apple’s modified VPN On Demand, iMessage and FaceTime services have continued to infringe our patents. We are uncertain if the court’s decision may be appealed, or if other actions may be taken which would impact the court’s decision.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). In doing so, we have to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, as well as related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. In some cases, we could reasonably have used different accounting policies and estimates. In some cases, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from our estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations will be affected. We base our estimates on past experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. We refer to accounting estimates of this type as critical accounting policies and estimates, which we discuss further below. We have reviewed our critical accounting policies and estimates with the audit committee of our board of directors.

Basis of Consolidation

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of VirnetX Holding Corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

We derive our revenue from patent licensing. The timing and amount of revenue recognized from each licensee depends upon a variety of factors, including the specific terms of each agreement and the nature of the deliverables and obligations. Such agreements may be complex and include multiple elements. These agreements may include, without limitation, elements related to the settlement of past patent infringement liabilities, up-front and non-refundable license fees for the use of patents, patent licensing royalties on covered products sold by licensees, and the compensation structure and ownership of intellectual property rights associated with contractual technology development arrangements. Licensing agreements are accounted for under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) revenue recognition guidance, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.” This guidance requires consideration to be allocated to each element of an agreement that has stand-alone value using the relative fair value method. In other circumstances, such as those agreements involving consideration for past and expected future patent royalty obligations, after consideration of the particular facts and circumstances, the appropriate recording of revenue between periods may require the use of judgment. In all cases, revenue is only recognized after all of the following criteria are met: (1) written agreements have been executed; (2) delivery of technology or intellectual property rights has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) fees are fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability of fees is reasonably assured.

Patent License Agreements: Upon signing a patent license agreement, including licenses entered into upon settlement of litigation, we provide the licensee permission to use our patented technology in specific applications. We account for patent license agreements in accordance with the guidance for revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple deliverables, with amounts allocated to each element based on their fair values. We have elected to utilize the leased-based model for revenue recognition with revenue being recognized over the expected period of benefit to the licensee. Under our patent license agreements, we do or expect to typically receive one or a combination of the following forms of payment as consideration for permitting our licensees to use our patented inventions in specific applications and products:

• Consideration for Past Sales: Consideration related to a licensee’s product sales from prior periods may result from a negotiated agreement with a licensee that utilized our patented technology prior to signing a patent license agreement with us or from the resolution of a litigation, disagreement or arbitration with a licensee over the specific terms of an existing license agreement. We may also receive royalty for past sales in connection with the settlement of patent litigation where there was no prior patent license agreement. These amounts are negotiated, typically based upon application of a royalty rate to historical sales prior to the execution of the license agreement. In each of these cases, since delivery has occurred, we record the consideration as revenue when we have obtained a signed agreement, identified a fixed or determinable price, and determined that collectability is reasonably assured.

• Current Royalty Payments: Ongoing royalty payments cover a licensee’s obligations to us related to its sales of covered products in the current contractual reporting period. Licensees that owe these current royalty payments are obligated to provide us with quarterly or semi-annual royalty reports that summarize their sales of covered products and their related royalty obligations to us. We expect to receive these royalty reports subsequent to the period in which our licensees’ underlying sales occurred. As a result, it is impractical for us to recognize revenue in the period in which the underlying sales occur, and, in most cases, we will recognize revenue in the period in which the royalty report is received and other revenue recognition criteria are met due to the fact that without royalty reports from our licensees, our visibility into our licensees’ sales is limited.

• Non-Refundable Up-Front Fees and Minimum Fee Contracts: For licenses that provide for non-refundable up-front or fixed minimum fees over their term, for which we have no future obligations or performance requirements, revenue is generally recognized over the license term. For licenses that provide for fees that are not fixed or determinable, including licenses that provide for extended payment terms and/or payment of a significant portion of the fee after expiration of the license or more than 12 months after delivery, the fees are generally presumed not to be fixed or determinable, and revenue is deferred and recognized as earned, but generally not in advance of collection.

• Non-Royalty Elements: Elements that are not related to royalty revenue in nature, such as settlement fees, expense reimbursement, and damages, if any, are recorded as gain from settlement which is reflected as a separate line item within the operating expenses section in the consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue

In August 2013 we began receiving annual payments on a contract that requires payment to us over 4 years of $10,000 (“August 2013 Contract Settlement”). From the inception of that license to December 31, 2015, we received cash totaling $7,500, all of which is non-refundable. We recognized $1,500, $1,167 and $1,833 of revenue related from the August 2013 Contract Settlement during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively.

Activity under the August 2013 Contract Settlement was as follows:

	2015		2014		2013
Deferred Revenue, beginning of year	$	2,000	$	667	$	—
Payment received		2,500		2,500		2,500
Less: Amount amortized as revenue		1,500		1,167		1,833
Deferred Revenue, end of year	$	3,000	$	2,000	$	667

Royalty Expense

Royalty Expense

Royalty expense for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $5,265, $6,100 and zero respectively and was a result of our royalty agreement with Leidos. There was no expense for the year ended December 31, 2013. The agreement provides for revenue sharing and legal reimbursements related to attorney time and expenses incurred by Leidos during discovery and other aspects of litigation matters that have been resolved.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents are not subject to significant interest rate risk due to the short maturities of these investments.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid Expense and Other Current Assets at December 31, 2015 includes the current portion of prepaid rent for a facility lease for corporate promotional and marketing purposes. Beginning March 2014, the prepayment totaling $4,000 is being amortized over the 10-year term of the lease. The unamortized non-current portion of the prepayment is included in Prepaid Expenses-Non-current on the consolidated balance sheet.

Investments

Investments

Investments are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair market value. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses are recorded in income in the period they are realized. Unrealized gains and losses on our investments are included in other comprehensive income. We invest our excess cash primarily in highly liquid debt instruments including corporate, government and federal agency securities, with contractual maturities less than two years. By policy, we limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the accelerated and straight line methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from five to seven years. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Our cash and cash equivalents are primarily maintained at two major financial institutions in the United States. Deposits held with these financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. A portion of those balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC. During the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had, at times, funds that were uninsured. We do not believe that we are subject to any unusual financial risk beyond the normal risk associated with commercial banking relationships. We have not experienced any losses on our deposits of cash and cash equivalents.

Fair Value

Fair Value

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value because of their generally short maturities.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

We record intangible assets at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization of intangible assets is provided over their estimated useful lives, which can range from 3 to 15 years, on either a straight-line basis or as revenue is generated by the assets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We identify and record impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recoverable, but not less than annually. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the anticipated future net undiscounted cash flows to the related assets’ carrying value. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from the asset.

Research and Development

Research and Development

Research and development costs include expenses paid to outside development consultants and compensation related expenses for our engineering staff. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. The asset and liability method requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for expected future tax consequences of temporary differences that currently exist between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of our assets and liabilities. We calculate current and deferred tax provisions based on estimates and assumptions that could differ from actual results reflected on the income tax returns filed during the following years. Adjustments based on filed returns are recorded when identified in the subsequent years. The effect on deferred taxes for a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that the tax rate change is enacted. In assessing if we will realize our deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

A valuation allowance is provided for deferred income tax assets when, in our judgment, based upon currently available information and other factors, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of such deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The determination of the need for a valuation allowance is based on an on-going evaluation of current information including, among other things, historical operating results, estimates of future earnings in different taxing jurisdictions and the expected timing of the reversals of temporary differences. We believe the determination to record a valuation allowance to reduce a deferred income tax asset is a significant accounting estimate because it is based, among other things, on an estimate of future taxable income in the United States and certain other jurisdictions, which is susceptible to change and may or may not occur, and because the impact of adjusting a valuation allowance may be material. In determining when to release the valuation allowance established against our net deferred income tax assets, we consider all available evidence, both positive and negative. Consistent with our policy, and because of our history of operating losses, we do not currently recognize the benefit of all of our deferred tax assets, including tax loss carry forwards, that may be used to offset future taxable income. We continually assess our ability to generate sufficient taxable income during future periods in which our deferred tax assets may be realized. If and when we believe it is more likely than not that we will recover our deferred tax assets, we will reverse the valuation allowance as an income tax benefit in our statements of operations.

We account for our uncertain tax positions in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The purpose of this method is to clarify accounting for uncertain tax positions recognized. The U.S. GAAP method of accounting for uncertain tax positions utilizes a two-step approach to evaluate tax positions. Step one, recognition, requires evaluation of the tax position to determine if based solely on technical merits it is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. Step two, measurement, is addressed only if a position is more likely than not to be sustained. In step two, the tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit, determined on a cumulative probability basis, which is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement with tax authorities. If a position does not meet the more likely than not threshold for recognition in step one, no benefit is recorded until the first subsequent period in which the more likely than not standard is met, the issue is resolved with the taxing authority, or the statute of limitations expires. Positions previously recognized are derecognized when we subsequently determine the position no longer is more likely than not to be sustained. Evaluation of tax positions, their technical merits, and measurements using cumulative probability are highly subjective management estimates. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Derivative Instruments

Derivative Instruments

Our Series I Warrants were accounted for as derivative instruments as a result of an anti-dilution provision which, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, prevented them from being considered indexed to our stock and qualified for an exception to derivative accounting.

We recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. We record changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of the derivatives in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation using the fair value recognition method in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We recognize these compensation costs net of the applicable forfeiture rate and recognize the compensation costs for only those shares expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term of 4 years. We estimate the forfeiture rate based on our historical experience if any. See Note 7 - Stock-Based Compensation for additional information concerning our share-based compensation awards.

In addition, as required we record stock and options granted to non-employees at fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued as they vest over the performance period.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities had been issued. During 2015, 2014 and 2013 we incurred losses; therefore, the effect of any common stock equivalent would be anti-dilutive during these periods.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued “Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-17—Income Taxes (Topic 740)”. Current GAAP requires an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in a classified statement of financial position. To simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes, this Update requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The amendments in this Update apply to all entities that present a classified statement of financial position. The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendments in this Update. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In April 2015, the FASB issued an ASU entitled “Interest - Imputation of Interest.” The ASU requires that an entity simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is allowed for all entities for financial statements that have not been previously issued. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In February 2015, the FASB issued an ASU entitled “Consolidation.” The ASU includes amendments to the consolidation analysis which are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption, including adoption in interim periods, is permitted. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In January 2015, the FASB issued an ASU entitled “Income Statement Extraordinary and Unusual Items.” The ASU requires that an entity simplify Income Statement presentation by eliminating the concept of “Extraordinary Items”. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted provided that the guidance is applied from the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We are evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern”, Subtopic 205-40, “Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern.” The amendments in this ASU apply to all entities and require management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the amendments (1) provide a definition of the term substantial doubt, (2) require an evaluation every reporting period including interim periods, (3) provide principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans, (4) require certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, (5) require an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated, and (6) require an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The amendments in this Update are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and results of operations.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718),” which makes amendments to the codification topic 718, “Accounting for Share-Based Payments,” when the terms of an award provide that a performance target could be achieved after the requisite service period. The new guidance becomes effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and results of operations.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606). Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition” including most industry-specific revenue recognition guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. In addition, the amendments create a new Subtopic 340-40, “Other Assets and Deferred Costs—Contracts with Customers”. In summary, the core principle of Topic 606 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. For a public entity, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial position and statement of operations.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Activity under August 2013 Contract Settlement

Activity under the August 2013 Contract Settlement was as follows:

	2015		2014		2013
Deferred Revenue, beginning of year	$	2,000	$	667	$	—
Payment received		2,500		2,500		2,500
Less: Amount amortized as revenue		1,500		1,167		1,833
Deferred Revenue, end of year	$	3,000	$	2,000	$	667

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Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Property and Equipment [Abstract]

Classes of Property and Equipment

Our major classes of property and equipment were as follows:

	December 31
	2015			2014			2013
Office furniture	$	70		$	70		$	70
Computer equipment		168			157			121
Total		238			227			191
Less accumulated depreciation		(190	)		(163	)		(138	)
	$	48		$	64		$	53

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]

Information about Stock Options Outstanding

The following tables summarize information about stock-options and RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2015:

Options Outstanding							Options Vested and Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Number Outstanding		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number Exercisable		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price
$   0.24-   1.58		821,402		3.11	$	1.11		821,402		3.11	$	1.11
$   1.74-   6.95		2,924,901		3.82		4.74		2,308,933		2.27		4.84
$ 14.52- 35.25		1,253,625		6.71		23.16		987,800		6.40		23.99
		4,999,928		4.43	$	8.76		4,118,135		3.43	$	8.69

Stock Option Activity

The following tables summarize activity under the Plan for the indicated periods:

	Options
	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		4,776,224			6.94		—		—
Options granted		274,625			25.37		—		—
Options exercised		(39,833	)		4.27		—		—
Options cancelled		(34,167	)		20.57		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2013		4,976,849			7.86		—		—
Options granted		261,500			15.21		—		—
Options exercised		(679,321	)		0.41		—		—
Options cancelled		(70,000	)		13.38		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2014		4,489,028		$	9.33		—		—
Options granted		694,000			4.47		—		—
Options exercised		(143,100	)		1.15		—		—
Options cancelled		(40,000	)		25.61		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		4,999,928		$	8.76		4.43	$	1,215
Options exercisable at December 31, 2015		4,118,135		$	8.69		3.43	$	1,215

Restricted Stock Units Activity

	RSUs
	Number of RSUs			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2012		151,665		$	25.60	$	—
RSUs granted		156,415			23.72		—
RSUs vested		(55,832	)		27.06		—
RSUs cancelled		(3,333	)		24.75		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2013		248,915		$	24.10	$	—
RSUs granted		154,332			15.30		—
RSUs vested		(88,686	)		24.08		—
RSUs cancelled		(4,167	)		24.13		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2014		310,394		$	19.74	$	—
RSUs granted		162,665			5.57		—
RSUs vested		(113,103	)		20.11		—
RSUs cancelled		—			—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		359,956		$	13.22	$	—

Stock-Based Compensation by Type of Award

Stock-based compensation expense is included in general and administrative expense for each period as follows:

Stock-Based Compensation by Type of Award	Year Ended December 31, 2015		Year Ended December 31, 2014		Year Ended December 31, 2013
Employee stock options	$	4,939	$	5,951	$	6,488
RSUs		2,336		2,238		1,075
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	7,275	$	8,189	$	7,563

Fair Value Assumptions

The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following weighted average assumptions:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015	Year Ended December 31, 2014	Year Ended December 31, 2013
Expected stock price volatility	82%	88%	93%
Risk-free interest rate	2.12%	2.56%	2.04%
Expected life term (in years)	6.07 years	6.0 years	6.10 years
Expected dividends	0%	0%	0%

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share Calculations

The table below sets forth the basic and diluted loss per share calculations:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Net loss	$	(29,234	)	$	(9,902	)	$	(27,608	)
Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding		52,384			51,570			51,188
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.54	)

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Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Equity [Abstract]

Information about Warrants Outstanding

Information about warrants outstanding during the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 follows:

Original Number of Warrants Issued	Exercise Price per Common Share	Exercisable at December 31, 2014	Became Exercisable	Exercised	Terminated / Cancelled / Expired	Exercisable at December 31, 2015	Expiration Date
2,619,036(1)	$3.59	157,467	—	120,161	37,306	—	March 2015
25,000(2)	$7.00	—	25,000	—	—	25,000	April 2020
		157,467	25,000	120,161	37,306	25,000

(1) Referred to as Series I Warrants.

(2) Referred to as Advisor Warrants

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The income tax provision is comprised of the following:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014			Year Ended December 31, 2013
Current:
Federal	$	10		$	(13	)	$	(354	)
State		(18	)		(2	)		(397	)
Foreign		—			—			—
		(8	)		(15	)		(751	)
Deferred:
Federal		—			—			—
State		—			—			—
		—			—			—
Total income tax provision	$	(8	)	$	(15	)	$	(751	)

Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

A reconciliation of the United States federal statutory income tax rate to our effective income tax rate is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014			Year Ended December 31, 2013
United States federal statutory rate		35.00	%		35.00	%		35.00	%
State taxes, net of federal benefit		(0.04	)%		(0.02	)%		(1.48	)%
Valuation allowance		(33.36	)%		(41.67	)%		(37.11	)%
Stock options		(1.62	)%		0.39	%		(0.17	)%
Prior year true-up		0.03	%		(0.13	)%		(1.32	)%
R&D Credit		0.38	%		—			—
Warrants		(0.14	)%		7.92	%		2.10	%
Other		(0.29	)%		(1.64	)%		0.18	%
Effective income tax rate		(0.04	)%		(0.15	)%		(2.80	)%

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Deferred tax assets (liabilities) consist of the following:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015			Year Ended December 31, 2014
Deferred tax assets:
Reserves and accruals	$	462		$	—
State tax		1			1
Research and development credits and other credits		908			924
Net operating loss carry forward		18,496			11,190
Stock based compensation		9,855			8,452
Other		102			127
Total deferred tax assets		29,824			20,694
Valuation allowance		(29,814	)		(20,679	)
Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance		10			15
Deferred tax liability:
Depreciation and amortization		(10	)		(15	)
Total deferred tax liability		(10	)		(15	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	—		$	—

Unrecognized Tax Benefits Reconciliation

A reconciliation of beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits follows:

	Year Ended December 31, 2015		Year Ended December 31, 2014		Year Ended December 31, 2013
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	316	$	316	$	128
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		—		—		—
Additions for tax positions of prior years		—		—		188
Settlements		—		—		—
Lapse of applicable statute of limitations		—		—		—
Balance at the end of the year	$	316	$	316	$	316

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Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Fair Value Measurement [Abstract]

Cash and Available-for-Sale Securities Adjusted Cost, Gross Unrealized Gains, Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value by Significant Investment Category

The following table shows our cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category recorded as cash and cash equivalents of investments available for sale as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):

	December 31, 2015
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Investments Available for Sale
Cash	$	3,296	$	—	$	—		$	3,296	$	3,296	$	—
Level 1:
Mutual funds		5,005		—		—			5,005		5,005		—
Government securities		1,806		—		(3	)		1,803		—		1,803
U.S agency securities		8,579		1		(4	)		8,576		425		8,151
		15,390		1		(7	)		15,384		5,430		9,954
Total	$	18,686	$	1	$	(7	)	$	18,680	$	8,726	$	9,954

	December 31, 2014
	Adjusted Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Investments Available for Sale
Cash	$	1,183	$	—	$	—		$	1,183	$	1,183	$	—
Level 1:
Mutual funds		10,139		—		—			10,139		10,139		—
Corporate securities		9,405		1		(3	)		9,403		1,645		7,758
U.S agency securities		20,504		2		(2	)		20,504		5,691		14,813
		40,048		3		(5	)		40,046		17,475		22,571
Total	$	41,231	$	3	$	(5	)	$	41,229	$	18,658	$	22,571

Financial Instrument Liabilities by Level within Fair Value Hierarchy

The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, our financial instrument liabilities as of December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
Series l Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	320	$	320
Total	$	—	$	—	$	320	$	320

Summary of Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Liabilities

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of our Level 3 financial instrument liability for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Year ended December 31, 2015			Year ended December 31, 2014			Year ended December 31, 2013
Beginning Balance	$	320		$	2,564		$	4,172
(Gain) losses included in net losses		117			(2,237	)		(1,608	)
Settlements		(333	)		(7	)		—
Expiration of warrants		(104	)		—			—
Ending Balance	$	—		$	320		$	2,564

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Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) [Abstract]

Quarterly Financial Information

	First			Second			Third			Fourth
	(in thousands except per share)
2015
Revenue	$	375		$	400		$	375		$	405
Loss from operations		(5,759	)		(9,567	)		(6,102	)		(7,749	)
Net loss		(5,855	)		(9,546	)		(6,097	)		(7,736	)
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.15	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.18	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.15	)

	First			Second			Third			Fourth
	(in thousands except per share)
2014
Revenue	$	250		$	268		$	292		$	439
Gain on settlement		—			—			—			23,000
Income (loss) from operations		(6,953	)		(6,171	)		(6,250	)		6,870
Net income/ (loss)		(6,087	)		(6,670	)		(4,468	)		7,325
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.09	)	$	0.14
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.09	)	$	0.14

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Formation and Business of the Company (Details)	Dec. 31, 2015 Patent
Formation and Business of the Company [Abstract]
Number of U.S. patents owned	39
Number of foreign patents owned	66
Number of pending patent applications	75

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) Institution	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2013 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2014 USD ($)
Patent License Agreements [Abstract]
Minimum period after delivery in which fees are generally presumed not to be fixed or determinable, and revenue is deferred and recognized as earned	12 months
Activity under August 2013 contract settlement [Roll Forward]
Deferred Revenue, beginning of year	$ 2,000	$ 667	$ 0
Payment received	2,500	2,500	2,500
Less: Amount amortized as revenue	1,500	1,167	1,833
Deferred Revenue, end of year	3,000	2,000	667
Royalty Expense [Abstract]
Royalties expense as a result of royalty agreement with Leidos	$ 5,265	$ 6,100	$ 0
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]
Prepayment of facility lease for corporate promotional and marketing purposes				$ 4,000
Lease term	10 years
Investments [Abstract]
Contractual maturities of highly liquid debt instruments, maximum	2 years
Concentration of Credit Risk and Others Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]
Number of financial institutions holding company's cash | Institution	2
Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]
Option vesting term	4 years
Minimum [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Useful lives	5 years
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Useful lives	7 years
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	15 years
August 2013 Contract [Member]
Deferred Revenue [Abstract]
Contract amount	$ 10,000
Term of contract	4 years
Total payment on contract received	$ 7,500

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Gain on Settlement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended				12 Months Ended			55 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2014	Jun. 30, 2010	Dec. 31, 2014	Sep. 30, 2014	Jun. 30, 2014	Mar. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2014
Gain on Settlement [Abstract]
Cash settlement resulting from litigation	$ 23,000	$ 200,000	$ 23,000	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 23,000	$ 0	$ 223,000

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Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Property and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 238	$ 227	$ 191
Less accumulated depreciation	(190)	(163)	(138)
Property and equipment, net	48	64	53
Depreciation expense	26	25	24
Office Furniture [Member]
Property and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	70	70	70
Computer Equipment [Member]
Property and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 168	$ 157	$ 121

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Commitments and Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease expiring date	Oct. 31, 2015
Rent expense	$ 56	$ 56	$ 56
Rent expense payable to related parties	$ 11	81
Term of lease	10 years
K2 Investment Fund LLC [Member] | Aircraft [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Rental fees incurred for use of plane	$ 593	$ 296
Rent expense payable to related parties	$ 11
Term of lease	12 months
Rate of aircraft lease (in dollars per flight hour)	$ 8
Term of notice for cancellation of lease	30 days

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Stock Plan (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	4 years
2013 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized (in shares)	2,500,000
Shares available for grant (in shares)	1,069,552
2013 Plan [Member] | Stock Options [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Minimum exercise price of ISO granted	100.00%
Minimum exercise price of NSO granted	85.00%
Minimum exercise price of options granted to named executive officers	100.00%
Minimum exercise price of options granted to 10% shareholders	110.00%
Term of award	10 years
Vesting period	4 years
2013 Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Purchase Rights ("RSU") [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	4 years

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Stock-Based Compensation, Information about Stock Options Outstanding (Details) - Stock Options [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options outstanding, number outstanding (in shares) | shares	4,999,928
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life	4 years 5 months 5 days
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 8.76
Options vested and exercisable, number exercisable (in shares) | shares	4,118,135
Options vested and exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual life	3 years 5 months 5 days
Options vested and exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 8.69
$0.24 - 1.58 [Member]
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit (in dollars per share)	0.24
Exercise price range, upper range limit (in dollars per share)	$ 1.58
Options outstanding, number outstanding (in shares) | shares	821,402
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life	3 years 1 month 10 days
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.11
Options vested and exercisable, number exercisable (in shares) | shares	821,402
Options vested and exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual life	3 years 1 month 10 days
Options vested and exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.11
$1.74 - 6.95 [Member]
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit (in dollars per share)	1.74
Exercise price range, upper range limit (in dollars per share)	$ 6.95
Options outstanding, number outstanding (in shares) | shares	2,924,901
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life	3 years 9 months 25 days
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 4.74
Options vested and exercisable, number exercisable (in shares) | shares	2,308,933
Options vested and exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual life	2 years 3 months 7 days
Options vested and exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 4.84
$14.52 - 35.25 [Member]
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit (in dollars per share)	14.52
Exercise price range, upper range limit (in dollars per share)	$ 35.25
Options outstanding, number outstanding (in shares) | shares	1,253,625
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life	6 years 8 months 16 days
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 23.16
Options vested and exercisable, number exercisable (in shares) | shares	987,800
Options vested and exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual life	6 years 4 months 24 days
Options vested and exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 23.99

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Stock-Based Compensation, Summary of Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012
Options, additional disclosures [Abstract]
Per share market price of common stock on last trading day of year (in dollars per share)	$ 2.57
Proceeds from exercise of options	$ 165	$ 278	$ 170
Stock Options [Member]
Options, number of shares [Roll Forward]
Outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)	4,489,028	4,976,849	4,776,224
Options granted (in shares)	694,000	261,500	274,625
Options exercised (in shares)	(143,100)	(679,321)	(39,833)
Options cancelled (in shares)	(40,000)	(70,000)	(34,167)
Outstanding, end of period (in shares)	4,999,928	4,489,028	4,976,849
Options exercisable, end of period (in shares)	4,118,135
Options, weighted average exercise price [Roll Forward]
Outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 9.33	$ 7.86	$ 6.94
Options granted (in dollars per share)	4.47	15.21	25.37
Options exercised (in dollars per share)	1.15	0.41	4.27
Options cancelled (in dollars per share)	25.61	13.38	20.57
Outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)	8.76	$ 9.33	$ 7.86
Options exercisable, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 8.69
Options, additional disclosures [Abstract]
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life	4 years 5 months 5 days
Options exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual life	3 years 5 months 5 days
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 1,215
Options exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	1,215
Total intrinsic value of options exercised	$ 203	$ 3,575	$ 676
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
RSUs, number of RSUs [Roll Forward]
Outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)	310,394	248,915	151,665
RSUs granted (in shares)	162,665	154,332	156,415
RSUs vested (in shares)	(113,103)	(88,686)	(55,832)
RSUs cancelled (in shares)	0	(4,167)	(3,333)
Outstanding, end of period (in shares)	359,956	310,394	248,915
RSUs, weighted average grant date fair value [Abstract]
Outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 19.74	$ 24.10	$ 25.60
RSUs granted (in dollars per share)	5.57	15.30	23.72
RSUs vested (in dollars per share)	20.11	24.08	27.06
RSUs cancelled (in dollars per share)	0	24.13	24.75
Outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 13.22	$ 19.74	$ 24.10
RSUs, aggregate intrinsic value [Abstract]
Outstanding, end of period	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Total intrinsic value of RSUs vested	$ 0

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Stock-Based Compensation, Stock-Based Compensation by Type of Award (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 7,275	$ 8,189	$ 7,563
Employee Stock Options [Member]
Compensation cost not yet recognized [Abstract]
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense expected to be recognized	$ 5,845
Weighted-average period for recognition of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	3 years 7 days
Employee Stock Options [Member] | General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 4,939	5,951	6,488
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Compensation cost not yet recognized [Abstract]
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense expected to be recognized	$ 3,384
Weighted-average period for recognition of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	2 years 3 months 25 days
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 2,336	$ 2,238	$ 1,075

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Stock-Based Compensation, Fair Value Assumptions Used (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Fair value assumptions used in estimating fair value of each option grant [Abstract]
Expected stock price volatility	82.00%	88.00%	93.00%
Risk-free interest rate	2.12%	2.56%	2.04%
Expected life term	6 years 25 days	6 years	6 years 1 month 6 days
Expected dividends	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Weighted average estimated fair value of employee stock options granted (in dollars per share)	$ 3.17	$ 11.26	$ 19.24

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Sep. 30, 2014	Jun. 30, 2014	Mar. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Calculation of basic and diluted loss per share [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (7,736)	$ (6,097)	$ (9,546)	$ (5,855)	$ 7,325	$ (4,468)	$ (6,670)	$ (6,087)	$ (29,234)	$ (9,902)	$ (27,608)
Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding (in shares)									52,384,494	51,570,472	51,188,006
Basic and diluted loss per share (in dollars per share)									$ (0.56)	$ (0.19)	$ (0.54)

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Common Stock (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) Vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2013 USD ($)	Aug. 21, 2015 USD ($)	Aug. 20, 2015 USD ($)
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, voting rights	Each share of common stock has the right to one vote
Number of votes entitled to each share of common stock | Vote	1
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) | shares	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Average sales price per common share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.57
Aggregate proceeds from sales of common stock	$ 3,276	$ 0	$ 0
Universal Shelf Registration Statement [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Securities offered for sale, aggregate value				$ 100,000
ATM Agreement [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Securities offered for sale, aggregate value					$ 35,000
Number of shares of common stock sold (in shares) | shares	835,056
Average sales price per common share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 4.04
Aggregate proceeds from sales of common stock	$ 3,378
Sales commissions, fees and other costs associated with issuance of common stock	$ 101

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Equity (Details) - $ / shares		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Warrants [Abstract]
Exercise Price per Common Share (in dollars per share)		$ 3.59	$ 3.59
Advisor Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Life of service contract		12 months
Warrants [Member]
Warrants [Abstract]
Exercisable, beginning of period (in shares)		157,467
Became Exercisable (in shares)		25,000
Exercised (in shares)		120,161
Terminated/Cancelled/Expired (in shares)		37,306
Exercisable, end of period (in shares)		25,000	157,467
Warrants [Member] | Series I Warrants [Member]
Warrants [Abstract]
Original Number of Warrants Issued (in shares)	[1]	2,619,036
Exercise Price per Common Share (in dollars per share)		$ 3.59
Exercisable, beginning of period (in shares)		157,467
Became Exercisable (in shares)		0
Exercised (in shares)		120,161
Terminated/Cancelled/Expired (in shares)		37,306
Exercisable, end of period (in shares)		0	157,467
Expiration date		March 31, 2015
Warrants [Member] | Advisor Warrants [Member]
Warrants [Abstract]
Original Number of Warrants Issued (in shares)	[2]	25,000
Exercise Price per Common Share (in dollars per share)		$ 7.00
Exercisable, beginning of period (in shares)		0
Became Exercisable (in shares)		25,000
Exercised (in shares)		0
Terminated/Cancelled/Expired (in shares)		0
Exercisable, end of period (in shares)		25,000	0
Expiration date		April 30, 2020

[1] Referred to as Series I Warrants.

[2] Referred to as Advisor Warrants

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Employee Benefit Plan (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Employee Benefit Plan [Abstract]
Matching contribution to defined contribution plan	$ 59	$ 45	$ 47

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Income Taxes, Components of Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Current [Abstract]
Federal	$ 10	$ (13)	$ (354)
State	(18)	(2)	(397)
Foreign	0	0	0
Current income taxes	(8)	(15)	(751)
Deferred [Abstract]
Federal	0	0	0
State	0	0	0
Deferred income taxes	0	0	0
Total income tax provision	$ (8)	$ (15)	$ (751)

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Income Taxes, Reconciliation of Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation [Abstract]
United States federal statutory rate	35.00%	35.00%	35.00%
State taxes, net of federal benefit	(0.04%)	(0.02%)	(1.48%)
Valuation allowance	(33.36%)	(41.67%)	(37.11%)
Stock options	(1.62%)	0.39%	(0.17%)
Prior year true-up	0.03%	(0.13%)	(1.32%)
R&D Credit	0.38%	0.00%	0.00%
Warrants	(0.14%)	7.92%	2.10%
Other	(0.29%)	(1.64%)	0.18%
Effective income tax rate	(0.04%)	(0.15%)	(2.80%)

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Income Taxes, Net Operating Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Net operating losses available for carry forward/backward	$ 21,000	$ 10,000	$ 27,000

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Income Taxes, Components of Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Deferred tax assets [Abstract]
Reserves and accruals	$ 462	$ 0
State tax	1	1
Research and development credits and other credits	908	924
Net operating loss carry forward	18,496	11,190
Stock based compensation	9,855	8,452
Other	102	127
Total deferred tax assets	29,824	20,694
Valuation allowance	(29,814)	(20,679)
Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance	10	15
Deferred tax liability [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization	(10)	(15)
Total deferred tax liability	(10)	(15)
Net deferred tax assets	$ 0	$ 0

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Income Taxes, Valuation Allowance, Operating Loss Carryforwards and Tax Credit Carry-forwards (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Net change in valuation allowance	$ 9,135
Federal operating loss carryforwards	52,549
State operating loss carryforwards	$ 37,603

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Income Taxes, Income Tax Uncertainties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Net change in gross deferred tax assets offset by a change in valuation allowance	$ 316	$ 316
Accrued interest and penalties	0
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the year	316	316	$ 128
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	0	0	0
Additions for tax positions of prior years	0	0	188
Settlements	0	0	0
Lapse of applicable statute of limitations	0	0	0
Balance at the end of the year	$ 316	$ 316	$ 316

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Fair Value Measurement, Assumptions Used to Measure Fair Value of Warrants (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair value assumptions [Abstract]
Warrant exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.59	$ 3.59
Common share price (in dollars per share)		$ 2.57
Series I Warrants [Member]
Fair value assumptions [Abstract]
Warrant exercise price (in dollars per share)	3.59
Common share price (in dollars per share)	$ 5.49
Discount rate	1.65%
Expected volatility rate	89.60%

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Fair Value Measurement, Adjusted Cost, Gross Unrealized Gains, Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value by Investment Category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost	$ 8,726	$ 18,658	$ 19,173	$ 19,661
Adjusted Cost	15,390	40,048
Unrealized Gains	1	3
Unrealized Losses	(7)	(5)
Fair Value	15,384	40,046
Adjusted Cost	18,686	41,231
Fair Value	18,680	41,229
Investments Available for Sale	$ 15,384	40,046
Minimum [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Maturities of available for sale securities	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Maturities of available for sale securities	2 years
Cash [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost	$ 3,296	1,183
Fair Value	3,296	1,183
Cash and Cash Equivalents	3,296	1,183
Mutual Funds [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost	5,005	10,139
Unrealized Gains	0	0
Unrealized Losses	0	0
Fair Value	5,005	10,139
Investments Available for Sale	5,005	10,139
Corporate Securities [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost		9,405
Unrealized Gains		1
Unrealized Losses		(3)
Fair Value		9,403
Investments Available for Sale		9,403
Government Securities [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost	1,806
Unrealized Gains	0
Unrealized Losses	(3)
Fair Value	1,803
Investments Available for Sale	1,803
US Agency Securities [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Adjusted Cost	8,579	20,504
Unrealized Gains	1	2
Unrealized Losses	(4)	(2)
Fair Value	8,576	20,504
Investments Available for Sale	8,576	20,504
Recurring [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Fair Value	8,726	18,658
Fair Value	9,954	22,571
Cash and Cash Equivalents	8,726	18,658
Investments Available for Sale	9,954	22,571
Recurring [Member] | Cash [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Fair Value	3,296	1,183
Cash and Cash Equivalents	3,296	1,183
Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Fair Value	5,430	17,475
Fair Value	9,954	22,571
Cash and Cash Equivalents	5,430	17,475
Investments Available for Sale	9,954	22,571
Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Mutual Funds [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Fair Value	5,005	10,139
Fair Value	0	0
Cash and Cash Equivalents	5,005	10,139
Investments Available for Sale	0	0
Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Corporate Securities [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Fair Value		1,645
Fair Value		7,758
Cash and Cash Equivalents		1,645
Investments Available for Sale		7,758
Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | Government Securities [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Fair Value	0
Fair Value	1,803
Cash and Cash Equivalents	0
Investments Available for Sale	1,803
Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member] | US Agency Securities [Member]
Cash and available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category [Abstract]
Fair Value	425	5,691
Fair Value	8,151	14,813
Cash and Cash Equivalents	425	5,691
Investments Available for Sale	$ 8,151	$ 14,813

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Fair Value Measurement, Financial Instrument Liabilities by Level within Fair Value Hierarchy (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)
Fair value of liabilities [Abstract]
Series I Warrants	$ 320
Total	320
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member]
Fair value of liabilities [Abstract]
Series I Warrants	0
Total	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member]
Fair value of liabilities [Abstract]
Series I Warrants	0
Total	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member]
Fair value of liabilities [Abstract]
Series I Warrants	320
Total	$ 320

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Fair Value Measurement, Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Financial Instrument Liability (Details) - Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013
Changes in fair value of Level 3 liabilities [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 320	$ 2,564	$ 4,172
(Gain) losses included in net losses	117	(2,237)	(1,608)
Settlements	(333)	(7)	0
Expiration of warrants	(104)	0	0
Ending Balance	$ 0	$ 320	$ 2,564

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Litigation (Details) $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
	Feb. 04, 2016 USD ($)	Nov. 06, 2012 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) Patent Lawsuit
Gain Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of patents allegedly infringed upon by Apple, Inc. | Patent			4
Subsequent Event [Member]
Gain Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount of damages awarded in patent infringement case	$ 625,600
Positive Outcome of Litigation [Member]
Gain Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of intellectual property infringement lawsuits pending | Lawsuit			1
Amount of damages awarded in patent infringement case		$ 368,000
Number of patents allegedly infringed upon by Apple, Inc. | Patent			4
Amount of interest payment awarded up to final judgment, per day			$ 34
Amount of damage infringement payment awarded up to final judgment, per day			$ 330
Positive Outcome of Litigation [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Gain Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount of damages awarded in patent infringement case	$ 625,600

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Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended			55 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2014	Jun. 30, 2010	Dec. 31, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Sep. 30, 2014	Jun. 30, 2014	Mar. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2014
Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) [Abstract]
Revenue			$ 405	$ 375	$ 400	$ 375	$ 439	$ 292	$ 268	$ 250	$ 1,555	$ 1,249	$ 2,197
Gain on settlement	$ 23,000	$ 200,000					23,000	0	0	0	0	23,000	0	$ 223,000
Income (loss) from operations			(7,749)	(6,102)	(9,567)	(5,759)	6,870	(6,250)	(6,171)	(6,953)	(29,177)	(12,165)	(28,587)
Net income/ (loss)			$ (7,736)	$ (6,097)	$ (9,546)	$ (5,855)	$ 7,325	$ (4,468)	$ (6,670)	$ (6,087)	$ (29,234)	$ (9,902)	$ (27,608)
Basic earnings (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)			$ (0.15)	$ (0.12)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.11)	$ 0.14	$ (0.09)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.12)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)			$ (0.15)	$ (0.12)	$ (0.18)	$ (0.11)	$ 0.14	$ (0.09)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.12)

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Subsequent Events (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		2 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Feb. 04, 2016 USD ($)	Mar. 15, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) Patent $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2013 USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Average sales price per common share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 2.57
Aggregate proceeds from sales of common stock			$ 3,276	$ 0	$ 0
Number of patents allegedly infringed upon by Apple, Inc. | Patent			4
ATM Agreement [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold (in shares) | shares			835,056
Average sales price per common share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 4.04
Aggregate proceeds from sales of common stock			$ 3,378
Sales commissions, fees and other costs associated with issuance of common stock			$ 101
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Amount of damages awarded in patent infringement case	$ 625,600
Subsequent Event [Member] | ATM Agreement [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold (in shares) | shares		1,231,069
Average sales price per common share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 4.13
Aggregate proceeds from sales of common stock		$ 5,086
Sales commissions, fees and other costs associated with issuance of common stock		$ 153