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Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets Intangible Assets
Intangible assets at September 30 consisted of:
 
2019
 
2018
(Millions of dollars)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
Amortized intangible assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Developed technology
$
13,960

 
$
2,906

 
$
13,966

 
$
1,782

Customer relationships
4,608

 
1,183

 
4,584

 
861

Product rights
110

 
60

 
121

 
58

Trademarks
407

 
102

 
407

 
84

Patents and other
445

 
305

 
397

 
288

Amortized intangible assets
$
19,530

 
$
4,555

 
$
19,475

 
$
3,073

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unamortized intangible assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired in-process research and development (a)
$
1

 
 
 
$
37

 
 
Trademarks
2

 
 
 
2

 
 
Unamortized intangible assets
$
3

 
 
 
$
39

 
 

(a)
The decrease in the carrying value of assets in 2019 primarily reflected a write-down recorded in the third quarter by the Interventional segment's Surgery unit.
Intangible amortization expense was $1.497 billion, $1.255 billion and $0.553 billion in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increases in intangible amortization expense beginning in 2018 were attributable to assets acquired in the Bard transaction, which is further discussed in Note 10. The estimated aggregate amortization expense for the fiscal years ending September 30, 2020 to 2024 are as follows: 2020 — $1.350 billion; 2021 — $1.346 billion; 2022 — $1.336 billion; 2023 — $1.331 billion; 2024 — $1.311 billion.
The following is a reconciliation of goodwill by business segment:
(Millions of dollars)
Medical
 
Life Sciences
 
Interventional
 
Total
Goodwill as of September 30, 2017
$
6,802

 
$
761

 
$
—

 
$
7,563

Acquisitions (a)
3,923

 
76

 
11,218

 
15,217

Divestitures and related adjustments (b)
—

 
(59
)
 
(57
)
 
(116
)
Reallocation of goodwill for change in segment and reporting unit composition (c)
(877
)
 
—

 
877

 
—

Purchase price allocation adjustments (d)
228

 
(2
)
 
732

 
959

Currency translation
(22
)
 
(2
)
 
—

 
(24
)
Goodwill as of September 30, 2018
$
10,054

 
$
775

 
$
12,771

 
$
23,600

Divestitures and related adjustments (b)
—

 
3

 
—

 
3

Purchase price allocation adjustments (e)
(15
)
 
—

 
(75
)
 
(90
)
Currency translation
(50
)
 
(6
)
 
(81
)
 
(137
)
Goodwill as of September 30, 2019
$
9,989

 
$
772

 
$
12,615

 
$
23,376

(a)
Represents goodwill primarily recognized upon the Company's acquisition of Bard in fiscal year 2018, which is further discussed in Note 10. Also includes goodwill recognized relative to certain acquisitions which were not material individually or in the aggregate.
(b)
Represents goodwill derecognized upon the Company's sale of certain businesses, as further discussed in Note 11.
(c)
Represents the reassignment of goodwill, determined based upon a relative fair value allocation approach, associated with the movement of certain product offerings from the Medical segment to the Interventional segment in order to align with the reportable segment structure that became effective beginning in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018.
(d)
The purchase price allocation adjustments increasing goodwill were primarily driven by the valuation of Bard developed technology assets, the associated deferred tax liability changes, increases to legal reserves and the alignment of the combined organization's accounting policies with respect to accrued liabilities and other accounts.
(e)
The purchase price allocation adjustments were primarily driven by adjustments to tax-related balances recorded upon the finalization of the Bard acquisition allocation within one year of the transaction's closing.