10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from                      to

Commission file number 000-26251

NETSCOUT SYSTEMS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware	04-2837575
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

310 Littleton Road, Westford, MA 01886

(978) 614-4000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share	NTCT	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

        Large accelerated filer  ☒            Accelerated filer             ☐    

        Non-accelerated filer   ☐             Smaller reporting company    ☐

                            Emerging growth company    ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of October 24, 2023 was 70,996,128.

NETSCOUT SYSTEMS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		1
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Unaudited Financial Statements:
	Consolidated Balance Sheets: At September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023	2
	Consolidated Statements of Operations: For the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income: For the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	4
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholder's Equity: For the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows: For the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	43
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	43
PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	44
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	44
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	44
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	44
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	44
Item 5.	Other Information	45
Item 6.	Exhibits	46
SIGNATURES		47

Unless the context suggests otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Quarterly Report, to "NetScout," the "Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to NetScout Systems, Inc. and, where appropriate, our consolidated subsidiaries.

NetScout, the NetScout logo, Adaptive Service Intelligence and other trademarks or service marks of NetScout appearing in this Quarterly Report are the property of NetScout Systems, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries and/or affiliates in the United States and/or other countries. Any third-party trade names, trademarks and service marks appearing in this Quarterly Report are the property of their respective holders.

Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

In addition to historical information, the following discussion and other parts of this Quarterly Report contain forward-looking statements under Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and other federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance and are identified by terminology such as "may," "will," "could," "should," "expects," "plans," "intends," "seeks," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "potential," or "continue," or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including those described in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. These factors may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statement. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We cannot assure you that the results, events, and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events, or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, or investments we may make.

1

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Financial Statements

NetScout Systems, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share data)

	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	279,944	$	386,794
Marketable securities and investments	48,652		32,204
Accounts receivable and unbilled costs, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $666 and $675 at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively	152,603		143,855
Inventories and deferred costs	15,909		17,956
Prepaid income taxes	13,619		2,235
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	29,794		34,316
Total current assets	540,521		617,360
Fixed assets, net	30,637		34,735
Operating lease right-of-use assets	47,000		51,456
Goodwill	1,722,004		1,724,404
Intangible assets, net	336,445		366,591
Deferred income taxes	4,468		4,534
Long-term marketable securities	3,959		8,940
Other assets	12,677		12,540
Total assets	$	2,697,711	$	2,820,560
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	15,569	$	16,473
Accrued compensation	36,935		83,279
Accrued other	18,337		26,283
Income taxes payable	1,604		4,391
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	275,008		311,531
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	11,671		11,650
Total current liabilities	359,124		453,607
Other long-term liabilities	7,371		7,683
Deferred tax liability	3,224		24,939
Accrued long-term retirement benefits	25,363		26,049
Long-term deferred revenue and customer deposits	119,305		129,814
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	43,654		48,819
Long-term debt	100,000		100,000
Total liabilities	658,041		790,911
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value:
5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023	—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value:
300,000,000 shares authorized; 130,875,398 and 128,683,824 shares issued and 71,697,901 and 71,249,045 shares outstanding at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively	130		128
Additional paid-in capital	3,142,712		3,099,698
Accumulated other comprehensive income	5,379		5,738
Treasury stock at cost, 59,177,497 and 57,434,779 shares at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively	(1,596,026)		(1,546,128)
Retained earnings	487,475		470,213
Total stockholders' equity	2,039,670		2,029,649
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	2,697,711	$	2,820,560

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

2

NetScout Systems, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue:
Product	$	80,545	$	111,816	$	175,206	$	210,067
Service	116,257		116,265		232,734		226,826
Total revenue	196,802		228,081		407,940		436,893
Cost of revenue:
Product	16,093		25,881		32,755		52,686
Service	26,959		31,760		60,693		62,669
Total cost of revenue	43,052		57,641		93,448		115,355
Gross profit	153,750		170,440		314,492		321,538
Operating expenses:
Research and development	35,112		43,917		80,632		87,374
Sales and marketing	60,950		66,118		139,946		142,441
General and administrative	22,652		25,261		50,866		50,051
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	12,550		13,801		25,257		27,682
Restructuring charges	—		(60)		—		1,714
Gain on divestiture of a business	(3,806)		—		(3,806)		—
Total operating expenses	127,458		149,037		292,895		309,262
Income from operations	26,292		21,403		21,597		12,276
Interest and other income (expense), net:
Interest income	2,509		756		4,797		1,032
Interest expense	(2,174)		(2,242)		(4,267)		(4,106)
Other income (expense), net	847		(538)		13		(308)
Total interest and other income (expense), net	1,182		(2,024)		543		(3,382)
Income before income tax expense (benefit)	27,474		19,379		22,140		8,894
Income tax expense (benefit)	6,012		1,996		4,878		(1,357)
Net income	$	21,462	$	17,383	$	17,262	$	10,251
Basic net income per share	$	0.30	$	0.24	$	0.24	$	0.14
Diluted net income per share	$	0.29	$	0.24	$	0.24	$	0.14
Weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing:
Net income per share - basic	72,112		71,856		71,828		72,152
Net income per share - diluted	72,797		72,891		72,838		73,494

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3

NetScout Systems, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	21,462	$	17,383	$	17,262	$	10,251
Other comprehensive loss:
Cumulative translation adjustments	(138)		(310)		(70)		(561)
Changes in market value of investments:
Changes in unrealized gains (losses), net of taxes (benefit) of $3, $0, ($31) and ($3), respectively	9		—		(97)		(11)
Total net change in market value of investments	9		—		(97)		(11)
Changes in market value of derivatives:
Changes in market value of derivatives, net of benefit of $85, $237, $34, and $283, respectively	(264)		(762)		(105)		(910)
Reclassification adjustment for net (losses) gains included in net income, net of (benefit) taxes of ($10), $51, ($28) and $89, respectively	(31)		163		(87)		285
Total net change in market value of derivatives	(295)		(599)		(192)		(625)
Other comprehensive loss	(424)		(909)		(359)		(1,197)
Total comprehensive income	$	21,038	$	16,474	$	16,903	$	9,054

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4

NetScout Systems, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Common Stock Voting			Additional Paid In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Par Value						Shares	Stated Value
Balance, June 30, 2023	130,016,041	$	130	$	3,118,798	$	5,803	57,869,951	$	(1,559,534)	$	466,013	$	2,031,210
Net income											21,462		21,462
Unrealized net investment gains						9							9
Unrealized net losses on derivative financial instruments						(295)							(295)
Cumulative translation adjustments						(138)							(138)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units	649,566	—											—
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to employees				17,908									17,908
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	209,791			6,006									6,006
Repurchase of treasury stock				—				1,307,546	(36,492)				(36,492)
Balance, September 30, 2023	130,875,398	$	130	$	3,142,712	$	5,379	59,177,497	$	(1,596,026)	$	487,475	$	2,039,670

	Six Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Common Stock Voting			Additional Paid In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Par Value						Shares	Stated Value
Balance, March 31, 2023	128,683,824	$	128	$	3,099,698	$	5,738	57,434,779	$	(1,546,128)	$	470,213	$	2,029,649
Net income											17,262		17,262
Unrealized net investment losses						(97)							(97)
Unrealized net losses on derivative financial instruments						(192)							(192)
Cumulative translation adjustments						(70)							(70)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units	1,981,783	2											2
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to employees				37,008									37,008
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	209,791			6,006									6,006
Repurchase of treasury stock				—				1,742,718	(49,898)				(49,898)
Balance, September 30, 2023	130,875,398	$	130	$	3,142,712	$	5,379	59,177,497	$	(1,596,026)	$	487,475	$	2,039,670

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5

NetScout Systems, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Common Stock Voting			Additional Paid In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Par Value						Shares	Stated Value
Balance, June 30, 2022	127,371,813	$	127	$	2,993,163	$	(147)	55,887,992	$	(1,489,687)	$	403,433	$	1,906,889
Net income											17,383		17,383
Unrealized net loss on derivative financial instruments						(599)							(599)
Cumulative translation adjustments						(310)							(310)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units	795,314	1											1
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to employees				15,942									15,942
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	206,029			6,539									6,539
Repurchase of treasury stock				—				241,514	(8,199)				(8,199)
Balance, September 30, 2022	128,373,156	$	128	$	3,015,644	$	(1,056)	56,129,506	$	(1,497,886)	$	420,816	$	1,937,646

	Six Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Common Stock Voting			Additional Paid In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Par Value						Shares	Stated Value
Balance, March 31, 2022	126,425,383	$	126	$	3,023,403	$	141	52,323,090	$	(1,373,840)	$	410,565	$	2,060,395
Net income											10,251		10,251
Unrealized net investment losses						(11)							(11)
Unrealized net loss on derivative financial instruments						(625)							(625)
Cumulative translation adjustments						(561)							(561)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units	1,741,744	2											2
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to employees				30,702									30,702
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	206,029			6,539									6,539
Repurchase of treasury stock				(45,000)				3,806,416	(124,046)				(169,046)
Balance, September 30, 2022	128,373,156	$	128	$	3,015,644	$	(1,056)	56,129,506	$	(1,497,886)	$	420,816	$	1,937,646

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

6

NetScout Systems, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	17,262	$	10,251
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities, net of the effects of acquisitions:
Depreciation and amortization	38,410		42,847
Operating lease right-of-use assets	5,218		5,327
Gain on divestiture of a business	(3,806)		—
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	45		13
Share-based compensation expense	38,289		32,082
Change in fair value of derivative investment	(206)		—
Deferred income taxes	(21,411)		(5,963)
Other gains	(82)		—
Changes in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable and unbilled costs	(8,952)		8,850
Inventories	(1,211)		2,745
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(7,666)		(15,583)
Accounts payable	(1,109)		(737)
Accrued compensation and other expenses	(49,851)		(19,562)
Operating lease liabilities	(5,908)		(6,128)
Income taxes payable	(2,948)		(4,383)
Deferred revenue	(44,805)		(52,148)
Net cash used in operating activities	(48,731)		(2,389)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of marketable securities and investments	(41,920)		(60,914)
Proceeds from sales and maturity of marketable securities	30,162		81,131
Purchase of fixed assets	(3,491)		(5,215)
Purchase of intangible assets	—		(161)
Proceeds from divestiture of a business	8,283		—
(Increase) decrease in deposits	(7)		9
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(6,973)		14,850
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance of common stock under stock plans	2		2
Treasury stock repurchases, including accelerated share repurchases	(31,137)		(150,039)
Tax withholding on restricted stock units	(18,718)		(19,007)
Repayment of long-term debt	—		(150,000)
Net cash used in financing activities	(49,853)		(319,044)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(1,293)		(9,253)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(106,850)		(315,836)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	386,794		636,161
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	279,944	$	320,325
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for interest	$	3,192	$	3,001
Cash paid for income taxes	$	41,250	$	30,134
Non-cash transactions:
Transfers of inventory to fixed assets	$	1,814	$	1,371
Additions to property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable	$	400	$	289
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans	$	6,006	$	6,539
Unsettled share repurchases, included in accounts payable	$	43	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

7

NetScout Systems, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by NetScout Systems, Inc. (NetScout or the Company). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared under United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position and stockholders' equity, results of operations and cash flows. The year-end consolidated balance sheet data and statement of stockholders' equity were derived from the Company's audited financial statements, but do not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The results reported in these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 16, 2023.

Global and Macroeconomic Conditions

The Company continues to closely monitor the current global and macroeconomic conditions, including the impacts of the ongoing Ukraine and Israel wars, global geopolitical tension, stock market volatility, industry-specific capital spending trends, exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, interest rates, and the risk of a recession, including the manner and extent to which they have impacted and could continue to impact its customers, employees, supply chain, and distribution network. The full extent of the impacts of these global and macroeconomic trends remain uncertain. It is possible that the measures taken by the governments of countries affected and the resulting economic impacts may materially and adversely affect the Company's future results of operations, cash flows and financial position as well as its customers.

The Company has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. Late in the second quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company experienced a slowing in order conversion, which affected the Company's fiscal first half results. The Company has taken and continues to take precautionary actions to manage costs and increase productivity across the organization. This includes managing discretionary spending and hiring activities. In addition, based on covenant levels, the Company had as of September 30, 2023, an incremental $700 million available under its revolving credit facility.

The Company expects net cash provided by operations combined with cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments and borrowing availability under the revolving credit facility to provide sufficient liquidity to fund current obligations, capital spending, debt service requirements and working capital requirements over at least the next twelve months.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires companies to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination as if the acquiring company originated the related revenue contracts. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2021-08 was adopted on April 1, 2023. Amendments within the standard are required to be applied on a prospective basis from the date of adoption. The Company will apply the provisions of ASU 2021-08 to future acquisitions, if any.

NOTE 2 – REVENUE

Revenue Recognition Policy

The Company exercises judgment and uses estimates in connection with determining the amounts of product and service revenues to be recognized in each accounting period.

The Company derives revenues primarily from the sale of network management tools and cybersecurity solutions for service provider and enterprise customers, which include hardware, software, and service offerings. The Company's product sales consist of software only offerings and offerings which include hardware appliances with embedded software that are essential to providing customers the intended functionality of the solutions.

8

The Company accounts for revenue once a legally enforceable contract with a customer has been approved by the parties and the related promises to transfer products or services have been identified. A contract is defined by the Company as an arrangement with commercial substance identifying payment terms, each party's rights and obligations regarding the products or services to be transferred and the amount the Company deems probable of collection. Customer contracts may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether the products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as one combined performance obligation may require significant judgment. Revenue is recognized when control of the products or services are transferred to the Company's customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for products and services.

Product revenue is typically recognized upon fulfillment, provided a legally enforceable contract exists, control has passed to the customer, and in the case of software products, when the customer has the rights and ability to access the software, and collection of the related receivable is probable. If any significant obligations to the customer remain post-delivery, typically involving obligations relating to installation and acceptance by the customer, revenue recognition is deferred until such obligations have been fulfilled. The Company's service offerings include installation, integration, extended warranty and maintenance services, post-contract customer support, stand-ready software-as-a-service (SAAS) and other professional services including consulting and training. The Company generally provides software and/or hardware support as part of product sales. Revenue related to the initial bundled software and hardware support is recognized ratably over the support period. In addition, customers can elect to purchase extended support agreements for periods after the initial software/hardware warranty expiration. Support services generally include rights to unspecified upgrades (when and if available), telephone and internet-based support, updates, bug fixes and hardware repair and replacement. Consulting services are recognized upon delivery or completion of performance depending on the terms of the underlying contract. Reimbursements of out-of-pocket expenditures incurred in connection with providing consulting services are included in services revenue, with the offsetting expense recorded in cost of service revenue. Training services include on-site and classroom training. Training revenues are recognized upon delivery of the training.

Generally, the Company's contracts are accounted for individually. However, when contracts are closely interrelated and dependent on each other, it may be necessary to account for two or more contracts as one to reflect the substance of the group of contracts.

Bundled arrangements are concurrent customer purchases of a combination of the Company's product and service offerings that may be delivered at various points in time. The Company allocates the transaction price among the performance obligations in an amount that depicts the relative standalone selling prices (SSP) of each obligation. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP for each of the products and services sold, based primarily on the performance obligation's historical pricing. The Company also considers its overall pricing objectives and practices across different sales channels and geographies, and market conditions. Generally, the Company has established SSP for a majority of its service performance obligations based on historical standalone sales. In certain instances, the Company has established SSP for services based upon an estimate of profitability and the underlying cost to fulfill those services. SSP has primarily been established for product performance obligations as the average or median selling price the performance obligation was recently sold for, whether sold alone or sold as part of a bundle transaction. The Company reviews sales of the product performance obligations on a quarterly basis and updates, when appropriate, its SSP for such performance obligations to ensure that it reflects recent pricing experience. The Company's products are distributed through its direct sales force and indirect distribution channels through alliances with resellers and distributors. Revenue arrangements with resellers and distributors are recognized on a sell-in basis; that is, when control of the product transfers to the reseller or distributor. The Company records consideration given to a customer as a reduction of revenue to the extent they have recorded revenue from the customer. With limited exceptions, the Company's return policy does not allow product returns for a refund. Returns have been insignificant to date. In addition, the Company has a history of successfully collecting receivables from its resellers and distributors.

During the six months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized revenue of $201.3 million related to the Company's deferred revenue balance reported at March 31, 2023.

Performance Obligations

Customer contracts may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether the products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as one combined performance obligation may require significant judgment. The transaction price is allocated among performance obligations in bundled contracts in an amount that depicts the relative standalone selling prices of each obligation.

For contracts involving distinct hardware and software licenses, the performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer. For standalone maintenance and post-contract support (PCS) the performance obligation is satisfied ratably over the contract term as a stand-ready obligation. For consulting and training services, the

9

performance obligation may be satisfied over the contract term as a stand-ready obligation, satisfied over a period of time as those services are delivered, satisfied at the completion of the service when control has transferred, or the services have expired unused.

Payments for hardware, software licenses, one-year maintenance, PCS and consulting services, are typically due up front with payment terms of 30 to 90 days. However, the Company does have contracts pursuant to which billings occur ratably over a period of years following the transfer of control for the contracted performance obligations. Payments on multi-year maintenance, PCS and consulting services are typically due in annual installments over the contract term. The Company did not have any material variable consideration such as obligations for returns, refunds or warranties at September 30, 2023.

At September 30, 2023, the Company had total deferred revenue of $394.3 million, which represents the aggregate total contract price allocated to undelivered performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize $275.0 million, or 70%, of this revenue during the next 12 months, and expects to recognize the remaining $119.3 million, or 30%, of this revenue thereafter.

Because of NetScout's revenue recognition policies, there are circumstances for which the Company does not recognize revenue relating to sales transactions that have been billed, but the related account receivable has not been collected. While the receivable represents an enforceable obligation, the Company does not believe its right to payment is unconditional, therefore for balance sheet presentation purposes, the Company has not recognized the deferred revenue or the related account receivable and no amounts appear in the consolidated balance sheets for such transactions because control of the underlying deliverable has not transferred. The aggregate amount of unrecognized accounts receivable and deferred revenue was $4.1 million and $6.6 million at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

NetScout expects that the amount of billed and unbilled deferred revenue will change from quarter to quarter for several reasons, including the specific timing, duration and size of large customer support and service agreements, varying billing cycles of such agreements, the specific timing of customer renewals, and foreign currency fluctuations. The Company did not have material significant financing components, or variable consideration or performance obligations satisfied in a prior period recognized during the six months ended September 30, 2023.

Contract Balances

The Company may receive payments from customers based on billing schedules as established by the Company's contracts. Contract assets relate to performance obligations where control has transferred to the customer in advance of scheduled billings. The Company records unbilled accounts receivable representing the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that have been transferred to a customer conditional on the passage of time. Deferred revenue relates to scenarios where billings with an unconditional right to payment occur before all performance obligations are delivered or payments are received in advance of performance under the contract.

Costs to Obtain Contracts

The Company has determined that the only significant incremental costs incurred to obtain contracts with customers within the scope of Topic 606 are sales commissions paid to its employees. Sales commissions are recorded as an asset and amortized to expense ratably over the remaining performance periods of the related contracts with remaining performance obligations. The Company expenses costs as incurred for sales commissions when the amortization period would have been one year or less.

At September 30, 2023, the consolidated balance sheet included $9.3 million in assets related to sales commissions to be expensed in future periods. A balance of $4.7 million was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and a balance of $4.6 million was included in other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2023. At March 31, 2023, the consolidated balance sheet included $9.4 million in assets related to sales commissions to be expensed in future periods. A balance of $4.7 million was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and a balance of $4.7 million was included in other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2023.

During the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, the Company recognized $1.7 million, $1.7 million, $3.4 million, and $3.5 million of amortization related to this sales commission asset, which is included in the sales and marketing expense line in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company continually monitors collections from its customers. The Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable and determines the appropriate allowance for credit losses based on a combination of factors, including but not limited to, analysis of the aging schedules, past due balances, historical collection experience and prevailing economic conditions.

10

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses (in thousands):

Balance at March 31, 2023	$	675
Additions resulting in charges to operations	18
Charges (recoveries) to other accounts	—
Deductions due to write-offs	(27)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	666

NOTE 3 – CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK AND SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of investments, trade accounts receivable and accounts payable. The Company's cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities are placed with financial institutions with high credit standings.

At September 30, 2023, the Company had one direct customer which accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance, while no indirect channel partners accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance. At March 31, 2023, the Company had no direct customers or channel partners which accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance.

During the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, no direct customers or channel partners accounted for more than 10% of the Company's total revenue. During the three and six months ended September 30, 2022, one direct customer, Verizon, accounted for more than 10% of the Company's total revenue, while no channel partners accounted for more than 10% of total revenue.

Historically, the Company has not experienced any significant failure of its customers' ability to meet their payment obligations nor does the Company anticipate material non-performance by its customers in the future; accordingly, the Company does not require collateral from its customers. However, if the Company's assumptions are incorrect, there could be an adverse impact on its allowance for doubtful accounts.

NOTE 4 – SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

On September 12, 2019, the Company's stockholders approved the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 Plan), which replaced the Company's 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (Amended 2007 Plan). The 2019 Plan permits the granting of incentive and nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, and other stock awards, collectively referred to as "share-based awards."

On September 10, 2020, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 First Amended Plan) to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance by 4,700,000 shares, establish a one-year minimum vesting requirement for awards granted on or after September 10, 2020, and change the "fungible share counting ratio" used to calculate the increase or reduction in the number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 First Amended Plan.

On August 24, 2022, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 Second Amended Plan) to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance by 7,000,000 shares, and change the "fungible share counting ratio" used to calculate the increase or reduction in the number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 Second Amended Plan.

On September 14, 2023, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment and restatement to the 2019 First Amended Plan (2019 Third Amended Plan) to further increase the number of shares reserved for issuance by 5,900,000 shares and changed the "fungible share counting ratio" used to calculate the increase or reduction in the number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 Third Amended Plan. At September 14, 2023, there was a total of 8,263,547 shares reserved for issuance under the 2019 Third Amended Plan, which consisted of 5,900,000 new shares plus 2,363,547 shares that remained available for grant under the 2019 Second Amended Plan as of September 14, 2023, the effective date of the 2019 Third Amended Plan. The Company refers to the 2019 Plan, 2019 First Amended Plan, 2019 Second Amended Plan and 2019 Third Amended Plan collectively as the "Amended 2019 Plan". At September 30, 2023, an aggregate of 8,141,536 shares remained available for grant under the Amended 2019 Plan.

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Periodically, the Company grants share-based awards to employees, officers, and directors of the Company and its subsidiaries. Additionally, the Company periodically grants performance-based restricted stock units to certain executive officers that vest based upon the Company's total shareholder return as compared to the Russell 2000 Index over a three-year period. The performance-based restricted stock units are valued using the Monte Carlo Simulation model. The measurement and recognition of compensation expense is based on estimated fair values for all share-based payment awards made to its employees and directors. Share-based award grants are generally measured at fair value on the date of grant based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of the Company's common stock. Such value is recognized as a cost of revenue or an operating expense over the corresponding vesting period.

The following is a summary of share-based compensation expense including restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units granted pursuant to the Company's Amended 2007 Plan, the Amended 2019 Plan, and employee stock purchases made under the Company's 2011 Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), based on estimated fair values within the applicable cost and expense lines identified below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of product revenue	$	349	$	315	$	721	$	607
Cost of service revenue	2,289		2,080		4,828		3,825
Research and development	4,988		4,580		10,374		9,011
Sales and marketing	6,675		6,043		13,959		11,793
General and administrative	4,144		3,483		8,407		6,846
	$	18,445	$	16,501	$	38,289	$	32,082

Employee Stock Purchase Plan – The Company maintains the ESPP for all eligible employees as described in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2023. Under the ESPP, shares of the Company's common stock may be purchased on the last day of each bi-annual offering period at 85% of the fair value on the last day of such offering period. The offering periods run from March 1st through August 31st and from September 1st through the last day of February each year. During the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, employees purchased 209,791 shares under the ESPP and the fair value per share was $28.63.

NOTE 5 – CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents and those investments with original maturities greater than three months to be marketable securities. Cash and cash equivalents mainly consisted of U.S. government and municipal obligations, commercial paper, money market instruments and cash maintained with various financial institutions at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023.

Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of marketable securities held by NetScout at September 30, 2023, classified as short-term and long-term (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Type of security:
U.S. government and municipal obligations	$	16,327	$	(56)	$	16,271
Commercial paper	18,989		—		18,989
Certificates of deposit	7,371		—		7,371
Total short-term marketable securities	42,687		(56)		42,631
U.S. government and municipal obligations	4,007		(48)		3,959
Total long-term marketable securities	4,007		(48)		3,959
Total marketable securities	$	46,694	$	(104)	$	46,590

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The following is a summary of marketable securities held by NetScout at March 31, 2023, classified as short-term and long-term (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
Type of security:
U.S. government and municipal obligations	$	8,796	$	(1)	$	8,795
Commercial paper	19,136		—		19,136
Corporate bonds	310		—		310
Certificates of deposit	3,963		—		3,963
Total short-term marketable securities	32,205		(1)		32,204
U.S. government and municipal obligations	8,915		25		8,940
Total long-term marketable securities	8,915		25		8,940
Total marketable securities	$	41,120	$	24	$	41,144

Contractual maturities of the Company's marketable securities held at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Available-for-sale securities:
Due in 1 year or less	$	42,631	$	32,204
Due after 1 year through 5 years	3,959		8,940
	$	46,590	$	41,144

Investments

In February 2023, the Company entered into a forward share purchase agreement with Napatech A/S (Napatech), a publicly traded Danish company registered on the Oslo stock exchange, to purchase approximately 6.2 million shares of Napatech's common stock for $7.5 million. In April 2023, the Company settled the forward share purchase contract with Napatech in exchange for approximately 6.2 million shares of Napatech's common stock. As part of the agreement, the Company received the right to designate a representative to be nominated for election to the Napatech Board of Directors, which was approved by Napatech's Nomination Committee in April 2023. The Company accounts for this investment under the equity method and has elected to apply the fair value option to the investment. The Company records the investment at fair value at the end of each period based on the closing price of Napatech's stock and any change in fair value during the period is recorded in other income (expense), net within the Company's consolidated statement of operations. At September 30, 2023, the fair value of the investment in Napatech was $6.0 million and was included in marketable securities and investments in the Company's consolidated balance sheet. During the six months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized a $0.1 million increase in the fair value of the equity investment in Napatech in other income (expense), net within the Company's consolidated statement of operations. For the six months ended September 30, 2023, the unrealized losses related to foreign currency translation on the equity investment in Napatech were immaterial.

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NOTE 6 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 refers to fair values determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Level 2 refers to fair values estimated using significant other observable inputs, and Level 3 includes fair values estimated using significant non-observable inputs. The following tables present the Company's financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis using the fair value hierarchy at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements at
	September 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	270,901	$	9,043	$	—	$	279,944
U.S. government and municipal obligations	17,710		2,520		—		20,230
Commercial paper	—		18,989		—		18,989
Certificate of deposits	—		7,371		—		7,371
Equity investment in Napatech	6,021		—		—		6,021
Derivative financial instruments	—		5		—		5
	$	294,632	$	37,928	$	—	$	332,560
LIABILITIES:
Derivative financial instruments	$	—	$	(230)	$	—	$	(230)
	$	—	$	(230)	$	—	$	(230)

	Fair Value Measurements at
	March 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	370,455	$	16,339	$	—	$	386,794
U.S. government and municipal obligations	17,735		—		—		17,735
Commercial paper	—		19,136		—		19,136
Corporate bonds	310		—		—		310
Certificate of deposits	—		3,963		—		3,963
Derivative financial instruments	—		59		—		59
	$	388,500	$	39,497	$	—	$	427,997
LIABILITIES:
Derivative financial instruments	$	—	$	(49)	$	(1,380)	$	(1,429)
	$	—	$	(49)	$	(1,380)	$	(1,429)

This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. On a recurring basis, the Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value, including marketable securities and derivative financial instruments.

The Company's Level 1 investments are classified as such because they are valued using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency.

The Company's Level 2 investments are classified as such because they are valued using observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active.

The Company’s Level 3 liability at March 31, 2023 consisted of a forward share purchase contract with Napatech to purchase approximately 6.2 million shares of Napatech's common stock for $7.5 million, which qualified as a derivative instrument under authoritative guidance. The Company measured the forward share purchase contract at March 31, 2023 at fair value based on inputs which were observable and those which were not observable in the market, resulting in a charge related to the Level 3 fair value hierarchy classification. During the six months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a $0.2 million decrease in the fair value of the derivative financial instrument liability in other income (expense), net within the

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Company's consolidated statement of operations. In April 2023, the Company settled the forward share purchase contract with Napatech in exchange for approximately 6.2 million shares of Napatech's common stock valued at $6.2 million at such time.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the fair value of the Company's Level 3 financial liability for the six months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Derivative
	Instrument
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	(1,380)
Change in fair value of derivative investment	206
Settlement of derivative instrument	1,174
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	—

NOTE 7 – INVENTORIES

Inventories are stated at the lower of actual cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by using the first in, first out (FIFO) method. Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	10,533	$	12,352
Work in process	170		14
Finished goods	4,778		5,183
Deferred costs	428		407
	$	15,909	$	17,956

NOTE 8 - DIVESTITURES

Business Divestiture

On September 8, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement to divest its Test Optimization business (TO business) for cash proceeds of $8.3 million. The Company recorded a gain of $3.8 million on the divestiture during the three and six months ended September 30, 2023. In connection with the divestiture, the Company has entered into a transitional services agreement with the buyer to provide certain services through December 31, 2023.

The Company determined that the sale of the TO business did not represent a strategic shift and will not have a major effect on its consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flow. Accordingly, the Company has not presented the sale as a discontinued operation in the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 9 – GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The Company has one reporting unit. Goodwill is tested for impairment at a reporting unit level at least annually, as of January 31, or on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test at January 31, 2023, using the qualitative (Step 0) assessment, and the Company concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. During the six months ended September 30, 2023, and through the date of this quarterly report, the Company considered a variety of factors including the impact of the macroeconomic environment on the Company's long-term forecast and stock price. Based upon those assessments, the Company concluded that there were no events or circumstances that had occurred that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value at September 30, 2023. The Company will continue to monitor these factors and plans to perform its annual goodwill assessment during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024, further the Company will perform additional interim impairment tests, if necessary.

At September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the carrying amount of goodwill was $1.7 billion. The change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended September 30, 2023 was due to the impact of foreign currency translation adjustments related to asset balances that are recorded in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar and the divestiture of the TO business.

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The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended September 30, 2023 as follows (in thousands):

Balance at March 31, 2023	$	1,724,404
Foreign currency translation impact	1,859
Divestiture of a business	(4,259)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	1,722,004

Intangible Assets

The net carrying amounts of intangible assets were $336.4 million and $366.6 million at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recorded under the acquisition method of accounting at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company amortizes acquired intangible assets over their estimated useful lives.

Intangible assets include the following amortizable intangible assets at September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Estimated Useful Life in Years	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Developed technology	3 - 13 years	$	247,769	$	(234,598)	$	13,171
Customer relationships	8 - 18 years	761,750		(451,580)		310,170
Distributor relationships and technology licenses	1 - 6 years	7,747		(6,883)		864
Definite-lived trademark and trade name	2 - 9 years	57,603		(45,559)		12,044
Core technology	10 years	7,192		(7,192)		—
Capitalized software	3 years	3,317		(3,317)		—
Other	1 - 20 years	1,208		(1,012)		196
		$	1,086,586	$	(750,141)	$	336,445

Intangible assets include the following amortizable intangible assets at March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Estimated Useful Life in Years	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Developed technology	3 - 13 years	$	249,903	$	(233,440)	$	16,463
Customer relationships	8 - 18 years	768,179		(433,876)		334,303
Distributor relationships and technology licenses	1 - 6 years	11,547		(10,133)		1,414
Definite-lived trademark and trade name	2 - 9 years	57,694		(43,489)		14,205
Core technology	10 years	7,192		(7,192)		—
Non-compete agreements	3 years	292		(292)		—
Capitalized software	3 years	3,317		(3,317)		—
Other	1 - 20 years	1,208		(1,002)		206
		$	1,099,332	$	(732,741)	$	366,591

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Amortization included as cost of product revenue consists of amortization of developed technology, distributor relationships and technology licenses, core technology and software. Amortization included as operating expense consists of all other intangible assets. The following table provides a summary of amortization expense for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Amortization of intangible assets included as:
Cost of product revenue	$	1,909	$	2,628	$	3,826	$	5,281
Operating expense	12,555		13,806		25,267		27,692
	$	14,464	$	16,434	$	29,093	$	32,973

The following is the expected future amortization expense at September 30, 2023 for the fiscal years ending March 31 (in thousands):

2024 (remaining six months)	$	28,838
2025	50,679
2026	46,326
2027	43,450
2028	40,495
Thereafter	126,657
	$	336,445

NOTE 10 – DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

NetScout operates internationally and, in the normal course of business, is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The exposures result from costs that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, primarily the Euro, British Pound, Canadian Dollar, and Indian Rupee. The Company manages its foreign cash flow risk by hedging forecasted cash flows for operating expenses denominated in foreign currencies for up to twelve months, within specified guidelines through the use of forward contracts. The Company enters into foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge cash flow exposures from costs that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. These hedges are designated as cash flow hedges at inception.

NetScout also periodically enters into forward contracts to manage exchange rate risks associated with certain third-party transactions and for which the Company does not elect hedge accounting treatment as there is no difference in the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument and the hedged item.

All of the Company's derivative instruments are utilized for risk management purposes, and the Company does not use derivatives for speculative trading purposes. These contracts will mature over the next twelve months and are expected to impact earnings on or before maturity.

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The notional amounts and fair values of derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Notional Amounts (a)				Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets				Accrued Other
	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Forward contracts	$	10,384	$	10,265	$	5	$	59	$	230	$	29
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Forward contracts	—		6,031		—		—		—		20
					$	5	$	59	$	230	$	49

(a) Notional amounts represent the gross contract/notional amount of the derivatives outstanding.

The following table provides the effect that foreign exchange forward contracts designated as hedging instruments had on other comprehensive income (OCI) and results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative (a)				Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (b)
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		Location	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Forward contracts	$	(349)	$	(999)	Research and development	$	(3)	$	17
					Sales and marketing	(38)		197
	$	(349)	$	(999)		$	(41)	$	214

(a)The amount represents the change in fair value of derivative contracts due to changes in spot rates.

(b)The amount represents reclassification from other comprehensive income to earnings that occurs when the hedged item affects earnings.

The following table provides the effect that foreign exchange forward contracts designated as hedging instruments had on other comprehensive income (OCI) and results of operations for the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative (a)				Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (b)
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		Location	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Forward contracts	$	(139)	$	(1,193)	Research and development	$	(2)	$	20
					Sales and marketing	(113)		354
	$	(139)	$	(1,193)		$	(115)	$	374

(a)The amount represents the change in fair value of derivative contracts due to changes in spot rates.

(b)The amount represents reclassification from other comprehensive income to earnings that occurs when the hedged item affects earnings.

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The following table provides the effect that foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments had on the Company's results of operations for the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Gain Recognized in Income (a)
	Location	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Forward contracts	General and administrative	$	60	$	—
		$	60	$	—

(a)The amount represents the change in fair value of derivative contracts due to changes in spot rates.

NOTE 11 – LONG-TERM DEBT

On July 27, 2021, the Company amended and extended its existing credit facility (as amended, the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) with a syndicate of lenders by and among: the Company; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (JPMorgan), as administrative agent and collateral agent; JPMorgan, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, BofA Securities Inc., RBC Capital Markets, PNC Capital Markets LLC and Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners; Santander Bank, N.A., U.S. Bank National Association, Fifth Third Bank National Association, Silicon Valley Bank and TD Bank, N.A., as co-documentation agents; and the lenders party thereto.

The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a five-year, $800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, including a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $75.0 million. The Company may elect to use the credit facility for general corporate purposes (including to finance the repurchase of shares of the Company's common stock). The commitments under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will expire on July 27, 2026, and any outstanding loans will be due on that date. At September 30, 2023, $100 million was outstanding under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

On February 22, 2023, the Company entered into a First Amendment Agreement (First Amendment) of its Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with its syndicate of lenders. The Company entered into the First Amendment in order to remove and replace the LIBOR-based interest rate benchmark provisions for U.S. dollar-denominated loans with interest rate benchmark provisions for U.S. dollar-denominated loans based on a term secured overnight financing rate (SOFR).

The First Amendment provides that U.S. dollar-denominated advances under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will bear interest at a term SOFR rate plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% or an Alternate Base Rate (defined in a customary manner), at the option of the Company, plus a margin that ranges from 1.00% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 2.00% per annum for term SOFR loans if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00, down to 0% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 1.00% per annum for term SOFR loans if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.50 to 1.00. For the period from the delivery of the Company's financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, until the Company has delivered financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the applicable margin will be 1.00% per annum for Term Benchmark Revolving loans and 0% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans, and thereafter the applicable margin will vary depending on the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio, ranging from 1.00% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 2.00% per annum for Term Benchmark Revolving loans if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00, down to 0% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 1.00% per annum for Term Benchmark Revolving loans if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.50 to 1.00.

The Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is the ratio of its consolidated total debt compared to its consolidated EBITDA as defined in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (adjusted consolidated EBITDA). Adjusted consolidated EBITDA includes certain adjustments, including, without limitation, adjustments relating to extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring charges, certain restructuring charges, non-cash charges, certain transaction costs and expenses and certain pro forma adjustments in connection with material acquisitions and dispositions, all as set forth in detail in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

Commitment fees will accrue on the daily unused amount of the credit facility. For the period from the delivery of the Company's financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, until the Company has delivered financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the commitment fee will be 0.15% per annum, and thereafter the commitment fee will vary depending on the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio, ranging from 0.30% per annum if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is greater than 2.75 to 1.00, down to 0.15% per annum if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.50 to 1.00.

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Letter of credit participation fees are payable to each lender providing the letter of credit sub-facility on the amount of such lender's letter of credit exposure, during the period from the closing date of the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to, but excluding, the date which is the later of (i) the date on which such lender's commitment terminates or (ii) the date on which such lender ceases to have any letter of credit exposure, at a rate per annum equal to the applicable margin for term SOFR loans assuming such loans were outstanding during the period. Additionally, the Company will pay a fronting fee to each issuing bank in amounts to be agreed to between the Company and the applicable issuing bank.

Interest on Alternate Base Rate loans is payable at the end of each calendar quarter. Interest on term SOFR loans is payable at the end of each interest rate period or at the end of each three-month interval within an interest rate period if the period is longer than three months. The Company may also prepay loans under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement at any time, without penalty, subject to certain notice requirements.

The loans and other obligations under the credit facility are (a) guaranteed by each of the Company's wholly-owned material domestic restricted subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, and (b) are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and the subsidiary guarantors, including a pledge of all the capital stock of material subsidiaries held directly by the Borrower and the subsidiary guarantors (which pledge, in the case of any foreign subsidiary, is limited to 65% of the voting stock), subject to certain customary exceptions and limitations. The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement generally prohibits any other liens on the assets of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions as described in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain covenants applicable to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, including, without limitation, limitations on additional indebtedness, liens, various fundamental changes, dividends and distributions, investments (including acquisitions), transactions with affiliates, asset sales, including sale-leaseback transactions, speculative hedge agreements, payment of junior financing, changes in business and other limitations customary in senior secured credit facilities. The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a certain consolidated net leverage ratio and removes the previous requirement under the Company's previous amended credit agreement that the Company maintain a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio. The Company's consolidated net leverage ratio is the ratio of its Consolidated Total Debt minus the lesser of unrestricted cash and 125% of adjusted consolidated EBITDA compared to its adjusted consolidated EBITDA. The Company's maximum consolidated net leverage ratio is 4.00 to 1.00. These covenants and limitations are more fully described in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. At September 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants, including the specified total consolidated net leverage ratio range of 4.00 to 1.00.

The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides that events of default will exist in certain circumstances, including failure to make payment of principal or interest on the loans when required, failure to perform certain obligations under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and related documents including a failure to meet the maximum total consolidated net leverage ratio covenant, defaults under certain other indebtedness, certain insolvency events, certain events arising under ERISA, a change of control and certain other events. Upon an event of default, the administrative agent with the consent of, or at the request of, the holders of more than 50% in principal amount of the loans and commitments, may terminate the commitments and accelerate the maturity of the loans and enforce certain other remedies under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and the other loan documents.

The Company had unamortized capitalized debt issuance costs, net of $3.1 million at September 30, 2023, which are being amortized over the life of the revolving credit facility. The unamortized capitalized debt issuance costs balance of $1.1 million was included as prepaid expenses and other current assets and a balance of $2.0 million was included as other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2023.

NOTE 12 – RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, the Company restructured certain departments to better align functions resulting in the termination of eighteen employees. As a result of the workforce reduction, during the six months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded a restructuring charge totaling $1.8 million related to one-time employee-related termination benefits for the employees that were notified of their termination during the period. The one-time termination benefits were paid in full during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023.

NOTE 13 - LEASES

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Right-of-use (ROU) assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the duration of the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the Company's contractual obligation to make lease payments over the lease term. The Company's policy is to combine lease and non-lease components and to not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are classified as short-term leases. ROU assets are recorded and recognized at commencement for the lease liability amount,

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plus initial direct costs incurred less lease incentives received. Lease liabilities are recorded at the present value of future lease payments over the lease term at commencement. The discount rate used is generally the Company's estimated incremental borrowing rate unless the lessor's implicit rate is readily determinable. Incremental borrowing rates are calculated periodically to estimate the rate the Company would pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value over a similar term. Lease expenses relating to operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company has operating leases for administrative, research and development, sales and marketing and manufacturing facilities and equipment under various non-cancelable lease agreements. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 1 year to 8 years. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease where it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options. The Company considers several economic factors when making this determination, including but not limited to, the significance of leasehold improvements incurred in the office space, the difficulty in replacing the asset, underlying contractual obligations, or specific characteristics unique to a particular lease. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company has an obligation to return certain leased facilities to their original condition at the end of the respective lease term. These obligations were not material to the Company's financial statements for all periods presented.

Most of the Company's lease agreements contain variable payments, primarily for common area maintenance (CAM), which are expensed as incurred and not included in the measurement of the ROU assets and lease liabilities.

The components of operating lease cost for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Lease cost under long-term operating leases	$	3,047	$	3,084	$	6,087	$	6,207
Lease cost under short-term operating leases	434		1,204		838		1,978
Variable lease cost under short-term and long-term operating leases	1,185		873		2,200		1,856
Total operating lease cost	$	4,666	$	5,161	$	9,125	$	10,041

The table below presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases during the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	857	$	493

At September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term in years and weighted average discount rate were as follows:

	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Weighted average remaining lease term in years - operating leases	5.69		6.07
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	4.2	%	4.2	%

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Future minimum payments under non-cancellable leases at September 30, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

Year ending March 31:
2024 (remaining six months)	$	6,177
2025	13,203
2026	11,295
2027	8,315
2028	7,267
Thereafter	15,763
Total lease payments	$	62,020
Less imputed interest	(6,695)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	55,325

NOTE 14 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

From time to time, NetScout is subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate expense with respect to any current legal proceedings and claims, if determined adversely, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

As previously disclosed, in March 2016, Packet Intelligence LLC (Packet Intelligence or Plaintiff) filed a Complaint against NetScout and two subsidiary entities in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas asserting infringement of five United States patents. Plaintiff's Complaint alleged that legacy Tektronix GeoProbe products, including the G10 and GeoBlade products, infringed these patents. NetScout filed an Answer denying Plaintiff's allegations and asserting that Plaintiff's patents were, among other things, invalid, not infringed, and unenforceable due to inequitable conduct. In October 2017, a jury trial was held to address the parties' claims and counterclaims regarding infringement of three patents by the G10 and GeoBlade products, invalidity of these patents, and damages. In October 2017, the jury rendered a verdict finding in favor of the Plaintiff and that Plaintiff was entitled to $3.5 million for pre-suit damages and $2.3 million for post-suit damages. The jury indicated that the awarded damages amounts were intended to reflect a running royalty. In September 2018, the Court entered judgment and "enhanced" the jury verdict in the amount of $2.8 million as a result of a jury finding. The judgment also awarded pre- and post-judgment interest, and a running royalty on the G10 and GeoBlade products until the expiration of the patents at issue, the last date being June 2022. Following the entry of final judgment, NetScout appealed, and in July 2020, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit) issued a decision vacating the $3.5 million pre-suit damages award, affirming the $2.3 million post-suit damages award, vacating the $2.8 million enhancement award, and remanding to the district court to determine what, if any, enhancement should be awarded. In March 2021, NetScout filed a petition for a writ of certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, which was subsequently denied, challenging, among other issues, the basis for enhanced damages and the patentability of the claimed technology. In addition, on September 8 and 9, 2021, in proceedings initiated by third parties that did not involve NetScout, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) invalidated all the patent claims that were also asserted against NetScout in this case. After the PTAB decisions were issued, NetScout moved, among other things, to dismiss the case and enter judgment in its favor on the grounds that the PTAB decisions invalidating the asserted claims precluded Plaintiff from continuing to assert its patent infringement causes of action and from seeking damages from NetScout. The District Court denied NetScout’s motion with respect to its request to dismiss the case and enter judgment in its favor, but in response to alternative requests for relief requested by NetScout, "enhanced" the jury verdict in the amount of $1.1 million and also lowered the ongoing royalty rate on the G10 and GeoBlade products. The District Court entered an amended final judgment awarding Plaintiff $2.3 million in post-suit damages, $1.1 million in enhanced damages, pre- and post-judgment interest, and a running royalty on the G10 and GeoBlade products until the expiration of the patents at issue, the last expiration date being June 2022. On July 20, 2022, NetScout filed a notice of appeal to the Federal Circuit from, among other things, the amended final judgment. The enforcement of the amended judgment is stayed pending the resolution of the appeal. In view of the current circumstances, and if the post-suit and enhanced damages award along with the associated interest and royalties survive the recent PTAB invalidation decisions and NetScout's appeal, NetScout has concluded that the risk of loss associated with such damages award remains "probable" in accounting terms, and that the risk of loss associated with pre-suit damages is remote.

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NOTE 15 – PENSION BENEFIT PLANS

Certain of the Company's non-U.S. employees participate in noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. None of the Company's employees in the U.S. participate in any noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. In general, these plans are funded based on considerations relating to legal requirements, underlying asset returns, the plan's funded status, the anticipated deductibility of the contribution, local practices, market conditions, interest rates and other factors.

The following sets forth the components of the Company's net periodic pension cost of the noncontributory defined benefit pension plans for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Service cost	$	19	$	41	$	39	$	86
Interest cost	46		84		96		176
Net periodic pension cost	$	65	$	125	$	135	$	262

Expected Contributions

During the six months ended September 30, 2023, the Company made contributions of $0.3 million to its defined benefit pension plans. During the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024, the Company's cash contribution requirements for its defined benefit pension plans are expected to be less than $1.0 million. As a majority of the participants within the Company's plans are all active employees, the benefit payments are not expected to be material in the foreseeable future.

NOTE 16 – TREASURY STOCK

On October 24, 2017, the Company's Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program that enabled the Company to repurchase up to twenty-five million shares of its common stock (2017 Share Repurchase Program). The Company was not obligated to acquire any specific amount of common stock within any particular timeframe as a result of this share repurchase program. Through September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased a total of 24,908,624 shares for $691.6 million in the open market under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program, and at September 30, 2023, 91,376 shares of common stock remained available to be purchased under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. The Company repurchased 1,117,777 shares for $31.2 million during the six months ended September 30, 2023 under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program.

On May 3, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program that enables the Company to repurchase up to twenty-five million shares of its common stock (2022 Share Repurchase Program). The 2022 Share Repurchase Program will become effective once the 2017 Share Repurchase Program is completed. The Company is not obligated to acquire any specific amount of common stock within any particular timeframe as a result of the 2022 Share Repurchase Program.

On May 9, 2022, the Company entered into accelerated share repurchase (ASR) agreements with Mizuho Markets Americas LLC (Mizuho) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (Wells Fargo) (collectively, the Dealers) to repurchase an aggregate of $150 million of the Company's common stock via accelerated stock repurchase transactions under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. Under the terms of the ASR, the Company made a $75 million payment to each of the Dealers on May 10, 2022, and received an initial delivery of 1,627,907 shares from each of the Dealers, or 3,255,814 shares in the aggregate, which was approximately 70 percent of the total number of shares of the Company's common stock expected to be repurchased under the ASR agreements. These shares reduced the number of shares of the Company's common stock available for repurchase under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. Final settlement of the ASR agreements was completed in November 2022. As a result, the Company received an additional 651,213 shares from Mizuho and 642,302 shares from Wells Fargo, or 1,293,515 shares in the aggregate, for $47.9 million, which reduced the number of shares of the Company's common stock available to be repurchased under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. In total, 4,549,329 shares of the Company's common stock were repurchased under the ASR agreements at an average cost per share of $32.97 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023.

In connection with the delivery of shares of the Company's common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, the Company withheld 624,941 shares and 550,602 shares at a cost of $18.7 million and $19.0 million, respectively, related to minimum statutory tax withholding requirements on these restricted stock units during the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These withholding transactions do not fall under the share repurchase programs described above, and therefore do not reduce the number of shares that are available for repurchase under those programs.

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NOTE 17 – NET INCOME PER SHARE

Calculations of the basic and diluted net income per share and potential common shares are as follows (in thousands, except for per share data):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income	$	21,462	$	17,383	$	17,262	$	10,251
Denominator:
Denominator for basic net income per share - weighted average common shares outstanding	72,112		71,856		71,828		72,152
Dilutive common equivalent shares:
Weighted average restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units	685		1,035		1,010		1,342
Denominator for diluted net income per share - weighted average shares outstanding	72,797		72,891		72,838		73,494
Net income per share:
Basic net income per share	$	0.30	$	0.24	$	0.24	$	0.14
Diluted net income per share	$	0.29	$	0.24	$	0.24	$	0.14

The following table sets forth restricted stock units excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share, since their inclusion would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Restricted stock units	3,859	1,755	4,000	1,430

Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Unvested restricted shares, although legally issued and outstanding, are not considered outstanding for purposes of calculating basic earnings per share. Diluted net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect, if any, of outstanding stock options, restricted shares and restricted stock units using the treasury stock method. The calculation of the dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards under the treasury stock method includes consideration of proceeds from the assumed exercise of stock options and unrecognized compensation expense as additional proceeds.

The delivery of approximately 3.3 million shares under the Company's ASR agreements reduced the Company's outstanding shares used to determine the weighted average common shares outstanding for purposes of calculating basic and diluted earnings per share for the six months ended September 30, 2022. See Note 16 for additional information.

NOTE 18 – INCOME TAXES

Generally, the Company's effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate primarily due to foreign withholding taxes and U.S. taxation on foreign earnings, which are partially offset by research and development tax credits and the foreign derived intangible income deduction.

The Company's effective tax rates were 21.9% and 10.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 differed from the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to the impact of U.S. taxation of foreign earnings and the foreign derived intangible income deduction relative to forecasted profits, and a discrete provision from the gain on divestiture.

The Company's effective tax rates were 22.0% and 15.3% for the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended September 30, 2023 differed from the effective tax rate for the six months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to the impact of U.S. taxation of foreign earnings and the foreign derived intangible income deduction relative to forecasted profits, and a discrete provision from the gain on divestiture.

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NOTE 19 – SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company reports revenues and income under one reportable segment.

The Company manages its business in the following geographic areas: United States, Europe, Asia and the rest of the world. The Company's policies mandate compliance with economic sanctions and the export controls.

Total revenue by geography is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States	$	115,478	$	145,665	$	243,380	$	280,466
Europe	32,197		35,322		66,168		69,087
Asia	14,711		15,511		30,725		29,186
Rest of the world	34,416		31,583		67,667		58,154
	$	196,802	$	228,081	$	407,940	$	436,893

The United States revenue includes sales to resellers in the United States. These resellers fulfill customer orders and may subsequently ship the Company's products to international locations. Further, the Company determines the geography of its sales after considering where the contract originated. A majority of revenue attributable to locations outside of the United States is a result of export sales. Substantially all of the Company's identifiable assets are located in the United States.

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Item 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When reviewing the discussion below, you should keep in mind the substantial risks and uncertainties that could impact our business. In particular, we encourage you to review the risks and uncertainties described in Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ significantly from those projected in forward-looking statements contained in this report or implied by past results and trends. Forward-looking statements are statements that attempt to forecast or anticipate future developments in our business, financial condition or results of operations. See the section titled "Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements" that appears at the beginning of this Quarterly Report. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report (unless another date is indicated), and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements in light of future developments.

Overview

We are an industry leader with nearly four decades of experience in providing service assurance and cybersecurity solutions that are based on our pioneering deep packet inspection technology at scale, which is used by many Fortune 500 companies to protect their digital business services against disruption. Service providers and enterprises, including local, state and federal government agencies, rely on our solutions to achieve the visibility and protection necessary to optimize network performance, ensure the delivery of high-quality, mission-critical applications and services, gain timely insight into the end user experience and protect their networks from attack. With our offerings, customers can quickly, efficiently and effectively identify and resolve issues that result in downtime, interruptions to services, poor service quality or compromised data, thereby reducing meantime-to-resolution of issues and driving compelling returns on their investments in their networks and broader technology initiatives. Some of the more significant technology trends and catalysts for our business include the evolution of customers' digital transformation initiatives such as the migration to cloud environments, the rapidly evolving cybersecurity threat landscape, business intelligence and analytics advancements, and the 5G technology evolution in both the service provider and enterprise customer verticals.

Our operating results are influenced by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the mix and quantity of products and services sold, pricing, costs and availability of materials used in our products, growth in employee-related costs, including commissions, and the expansion of our operations. Factors that affect our ability to maximize our operating results include, but are not limited to, our ability to introduce and enhance existing products, the marketplace acceptance of those new or enhanced products, continued expansion into international markets, expansion into new or adjacent markets, development of strategic partnerships, competition, successful acquisition integration efforts, and our ability to control costs and make improvements in a highly competitive industry.

Global and Macroeconomic Conditions

We continue to closely monitor current global and macroeconomic conditions, including the impacts of the ongoing Ukraine and Israel wars, global geopolitical tension, stock market volatility, industry-specific capital spending trends, exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, interest rates, and the risk of a recession, including the manner and extent to which they have impacted and could continue to impact our customers, employees, supply chain, and distribution network. The full extent of the impacts of these global and macroeconomic conditions remain uncertain. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, we observed that technology and project spending normalized after observing elongated purchasing cycles resulting from the macroeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and we focused on advancing our products, growing revenue, enhancing earnings per share, and generating free cash flow. In response to the Russian military operations in Ukraine, we ceased business operations in Russia, including sales, support on existing contracts and professional services. Late in the second quarter of fiscal year 2024, we experienced a slowing in order conversion which we believe is related to industry and economic headwinds impacting our customers, which affected our fiscal first half results and full fiscal year 2024 outlook. As a result, we have begun to take measures to manage discretionary costs and align spending with the current environment.

Though we continue to monitor the impacts of evolving global and macroeconomic conditions on our business, we believe our current cash reserves and access to capital through our revolving credit facility leave us well-positioned to manage our business in today's environment. We expect net cash provided by operations combined with cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments and borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility to provide sufficient liquidity to fund current obligations, capital spending, debt service requirements and working capital requirements over at least the next twelve months. We continue to take actions to manage costs and increase productivity throughout our company, including managing discretionary spending and hiring activities, but are continuing to invest in areas that advance our business

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for the future. In addition to our cash equivalents, based on covenant levels at September 30, 2023, we had an incremental $700 million available to us under our revolving credit facility.

Results Overview

Total revenue decreased $29.0 million for the six months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to total revenue for the six months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to a decrease in revenue from our service assurance offerings from both enterprise and service provider customers, partially offset by an increase in revenue from our cybersecurity offerings, and an increase in service revenue from maintenance contracts. The decrease in revenue from our service provider customers was primarily driven by lower revenue from radio frequency propagation modeling projects in the six months ended September 30, 2023.

Our gross profit percentage increased by three percentage points to 77% during the six months ended September 30, 2023, as compared with the six months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to product mix with less revenue in the six months ended September 30, 2023 from radio frequency propagation modeling projects, which have lower margins, as well as lower incentive compensation expense.

Net income for the six months ended September 30, 2023 was $17.3 million, as compared with net income for the six months ended September 30, 2022 of $10.3 million, an increase of $7.0 million. The increase in net income was primarily due to a $19.1 million decrease in costs to deliver radio frequency propagation modeling projects, a $5.5 million decrease in expenses related to trade shows, user conferences and other events, a $4.5 million decrease in employee-related expenses associated with a decrease in variable incentive compensation, a $3.9 million decrease in amortization of intangible assets, a $3.8 million increase in interest income, a $3.8 million gain on the divestiture of the Test Optimization business, a $2.6 million decrease in advertising expense, a $1.7 million decrease in commissions expense, and a $1.7 million decrease in restructuring expense. These increases in net income were partially offset by a $29.0 million decrease in revenue, a $6.2 million increase in income tax expense, a $1.5 million increase in contractor fees, a $1.4 million increase in travel expense, a $1.2 million increase in other marketing related costs, and a $1.2 million increase in direct material costs.

At September 30, 2023, we had cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments (current and non-current) of $332.6 million. This represents a decrease of $95.3 million from $427.9 million at March 31, 2023. This decrease was primarily due to $48.7 million of net cash used in operations, $31.1 million used to repurchase shares of our common stock, $18.7 million used for tax withholdings on restricted stock units, and $3.5 million used for capital expenditures, partially offset by $8.3 million in proceeds from the divestiture of the Test Optimization business during the six months ended September 30, 2023.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We supplement the United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) financial measures we report in quarterly and annual earnings announcements, investor presentations and other investor communications by reporting the following non-GAAP measures: non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP income from operations, non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP net income per share (diluted) and non-GAAP earnings before interest and other expense, income taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) from operations. Non-GAAP gross profit removes expenses related to the amortization of acquired intangible assets, share-based compensation, and acquisition-related depreciation. Non-GAAP income from operations removes the aforementioned adjustments and also removes legal expenses related to a civil judgment, gain on the divestiture of a business, and restructuring charges. Non-GAAP net income removes the foregoing adjustments related to non-GAAP income from operations, and also removes change in the fair value of derivative instrument, net of related income tax effects. Non-GAAP EBITDA from operations removes the aforementioned items related to non-GAAP income from operations and also removes non-acquisition related depreciation expense.

These non-GAAP measures are not in accordance with GAAP, should not be considered an alternative for measures prepared in accordance with GAAP (revenue, gross profit, operating margin, net income and diluted net income per share), and may have limitations because they do not reflect all our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP measures should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures. The presentation of non-GAAP information is not meant to be considered superior to, in isolation from, or as a substitute for results prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures will enhance the reader's overall understanding of our current financial performance and our prospects for the future by providing a higher degree of transparency for certain financial measures and providing a level of disclosure that helps investors understand how we plan and measure our business. We believe that providing these non-GAAP measures affords investors a view of our operating results that may be more easily compared to peer companies and also enables investors to consider our operating results on both a GAAP and non-GAAP basis during and following the integration period of our acquisitions. Presenting the GAAP measures on their own may not be indicative of our

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core operating results. Furthermore, management believes that the presentation of non-GAAP measures when shown in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures provides useful information to management and investors regarding present and future business trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations.

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The following table reconciles gross profit, income from operations, net income and net income per share on a GAAP and non-GAAP basis for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands, except for per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue (GAAP and non-GAAP)	$	196,802	$	228,081	$	407,940	$	436,893
GAAP gross profit	$	153,750	$	170,440	$	314,492	$	321,538
Share-based compensation expense	2,638		2,395		5,549		4,432
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	1,638		2,312		3,276		4,640
Acquisition related depreciation expense	4		4		9		11
Non-GAAP gross profit	$	158,030	$	175,151	$	323,326	$	330,621
GAAP income from operations	$	26,292	$	21,403	$	21,597	$	12,276
Share-based compensation expense	18,445		16,501		38,289		32,082
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	14,188		16,113		28,533		32,322
Restructuring charges	—		(60)		—		1,714
Acquisition related depreciation expense	37		59		96		124
Gain on divestiture of a business	(3,806)		—		(3,806)		—
Legal expenses related to civil judgments	44		—		85		—
Non-GAAP income from operations	$	55,200	$	54,016	$	84,794	$	78,518

GAAP net income	$	21,462	$	17,383	$	17,262	$	10,251
Share-based compensation expense	18,445		16,501		38,289		32,082
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	14,188		16,113		28,533		32,322
Restructuring charges	—		(60)		—		1,714
Acquisition-related depreciation expense	37		59		96		124
Gain on divestiture of a business	(3,806)		—		(3,806)		—
Legal expenses related to civil judgments	44		—		85		—
Change in fair value of derivative instrument	—		—		(206)		—
Income tax adjustments	(5,829)		(8,691)		(13,000)		(17,136)
Non-GAAP net income	$	44,541	$	41,305	$	67,253	$	59,357
GAAP diluted net income per share	$	0.29	$	0.24	$	0.24	$	0.14
Per share impact of non-GAAP adjustments identified above	0.32		0.33		0.68		0.67
Non-GAAP diluted net income per share	$	0.61	$	0.57	$	0.92	$	0.81
GAAP income from operations	$	26,292	$	21,403	$	21,597	$	12,276
Previous adjustments to determine non-GAAP income from operations	28,908		32,613		63,197		66,242
Non-GAAP income from operations	55,200		54,016		84,794		78,518
Depreciation excluding acquisition-related depreciation expense	4,749		5,090		9,781		10,401
Non-GAAP EBITDA from operations	$	59,949	$	59,106	$	94,575	$	88,919

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make significant estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. These items are regularly monitored and analyzed by management for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

While all of our accounting policies impact the consolidated financial statements, certain policies are viewed to be critical. Critical accounting policies are those that are both most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and that require management's most subjective or complex judgments and estimates. We consider the following accounting policies to be critical in fully understanding and evaluating our financial results:

•revenue recognition; and

•valuation of goodwill, intangible assets and other acquisition accounting items.

Please refer to the critical accounting policies set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on May 16, 2023, for a description of all of our critical accounting policies and estimates.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenue

Product revenue consists of sales of our hardware products and licensing of our software products. Service revenue consists of customer support agreements, consulting, training and stand-ready software as a service offerings. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, no direct customers or channel partners accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, one direct customer, Verizon, accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue, while no channel partners accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue.

	Three Months Ended								Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023				2022
			% of Revenue				% of Revenue		$		%
Revenue:
Product	$	80,545	41	%	$	111,816	49	%	$	(31,271)	(28)	%
Service	116,257		59		116,265		51		(8)		—	%
Total revenue	$	196,802	100	%	$	228,081	100	%	$	(31,279)	(14)	%

Product. The 28%, or $31.3 million, decrease in product revenue compared with the same period last year was primarily due to a decrease in revenue from both service provider and enterprise customers from service assurance offerings, including radio frequency propagation modeling projects, as a result of industry-specific capital spending constraints. The decrease in revenue was partially offset by an increase in revenue from both service provider and enterprise customers from cybersecurity offerings.

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Total revenue by geography was as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023				2022
			% of Revenue				% of Revenue		$		%
United States	$	115,478	59	%	$	145,665	64	%	$	(30,187)	(21)	%
International:
Europe	32,197		16		35,322		15		(3,125)		(9)	%
Asia	14,711		7		15,511		7		(800)		(5)	%
Rest of the world	34,416		18		31,583		14		2,833		9	%
Subtotal international	81,324		41		82,416		36		(1,092)		(1)	%
Total revenue	$	196,802	100	%	$	228,081	100	%	$	(31,279)	(14)	%

United States revenue decreased 21%, or $30.2 million, primarily due to a decrease in revenue from service provider and enterprise customers from service assurance offerings, including radio frequency propagation modeling projects, partially offset by an increase in revenue from enterprise customers from cybersecurity offerings. The 1%, or $1.1 million, decrease in international revenue compared with the same period last year was primarily driven by lower revenue from service provider and enterprise customers from service assurance offerings, partially offset by an increase in revenue from service provider customers from cybersecurity offerings.

Total revenue by product line was as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023				2022
			% of Revenue				% of Revenue		$		%
Revenue:
Service assurance	$	129,432	66	%	$	167,328	73	%	$	(37,896)	(23)	%
Cybersecurity	67,370		34		60,753		27		6,617		11	%
Total revenue	$	196,802	100	%	$	228,081	100	%	$	(31,279)	(14)	%

The 23%, or $37.9 million, decrease in revenue from the service assurance product line was largely due to a decrease in revenue from both enterprise and service provider customers, including a decrease in radio frequency propagation modeling projects. The 11%, or $6.6 million, increase in revenue from the cybersecurity product line was largely due to higher revenue from service provider customers.

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Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit

Cost of product revenue consists primarily of material components, manufacturing personnel expenses, packaging materials, overhead and amortization of capitalized software, acquired developed technology and core technology. Cost of service revenue consists primarily of personnel, material, overhead and support costs.

	Three Months Ended										Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023					2022
				% of Revenue					% of Revenue		$		%
Cost of revenue
Product	$	16,093		8	%	$	25,881		11	%	$	(9,788)	(38)	%
Service	26,959			14		31,760			14		(4,801)		(15)	%
Total cost of revenue	$	43,052		22	%	$	57,641		25	%	$	(14,589)	(25)	%
Gross profit:
Product $	$	64,452		33	%	$	85,935		38	%	$	(21,483)	(25)	%
Product gross profit %	80		%			77		%
Service $	$	89,298		45	%	$	84,505		37	%	$	4,793	6	%
Service gross profit %	77		%			73		%
Total gross profit $	$	153,750				$	170,440				$	(16,690)	(10)	%
Total gross profit %	78		%			75		%

Product. The 38%, or $9.8 million, decrease in cost of product revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to an $8.8 million decrease in costs related to the delivery of radio frequency propagation modeling projects, a $0.7 million decrease in the amortization of intangible assets, and a $0.7 million decrease in employee-related costs associated with a decrease in variable incentive compensation. The product gross profit percentage increased by three percentage points to 80% during the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2022. The 25%, or $21.5 million, decrease in product gross profit is attributable to the 28%, or $31.3 million, decrease in product revenue, partially offset by the 38%, or $9.8 million, decrease in cost of product revenue.

Service. The 15%, or $4.8 million, decrease in cost of service revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to a $4.5 million decrease in employee-related costs associated with a decrease in variable incentive compensation. The service gross profit percentage increased by four percentage points to 77% during the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2022. The 6%, or $4.8 million, increase in service gross profit is attributable to the 15%, or $4.8 million, decrease in cost of service revenue.

Gross profit. Our gross profit decreased 10%, or $16.7 million, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 when compared with the three months ended September 30, 2022. This decrease is attributable to the decrease in revenue of 14%, or $31.3 million, partially offset by the 25%, or $14.6 million, decrease in cost of revenue. As a result, the gross profit percentage increased by three percentage points to 78% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2022.

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Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended								Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023				2022
			% of Revenue				% of Revenue		$		%
Research and development	$	35,112	18	%	$	43,917	19	%	$	(8,805)	(20)	%
Sales and marketing	60,950		31		66,118		29		(5,168)		(8)	%
General and administrative	22,652		12		25,261		11		(2,609)		(10)	%
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	12,550		6		13,801		6		(1,251)		(9)	%
Restructuring charges	—		—		(60)		—		60		100	%
Gain on divestiture of a business	(3,806)		(2)		—		—		(3,806)		(100)	%
Total operating expenses	$	127,458	65	%	$	149,037	65	%	$	(21,579)	(14)	%

Research and development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, fees for outside consultants, overhead and related expenses associated with the development of new products and the enhancement of existing products.

The 20%, or $8.8 million, decrease in research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to an $8.3 million decrease in employee-related expenses associated with a decrease in variable incentive compensation.

Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses and commissions, overhead and other expenses associated with selling activities and marketing programs such as trade shows, seminars, advertising and new product launch activities.

The 8%, or $5.2 million, decrease in total sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to a $4.7 million decrease in expenses related to trade shows and other events, and a $1.3 million decrease in commissions expense. These decreases were partially offset by a $0.9 million increase in employee-related expenses associated with an increase headcount partially offset by a decrease in variable incentive compensation.

General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses for executive, financial, legal and human resource employees, overhead and other corporate expenditures.

The 10%, or $2.6 million, decrease in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to a $2.8 million decrease in employee-related expenses associated with a decrease in variable incentive compensation, and a $0.9 million decrease in the provision for allowance for credit losses. These decreases were partially offset by a $0.9 million increase in contractor fees.

Amortization of acquired intangible assets. Amortization of acquired intangible assets consists primarily of amortization of customer relationships, definite-lived trademarks and trade names, and leasehold interests related to our acquisitions of Danaher Corporation's communications business (Comms Transaction), Network General Corporation, Avvasi Inc. and Efflux Systems, Inc.

The 9%, or $1.3 million, decrease in amortization of acquired intangible assets was largely due to a decrease in the amortization of intangible assets related to the Comms Transaction and Network General Corporation.

Gain on Divestiture of Business. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a $3.8 million gain on the divestiture of the Test Optimization business.

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Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net. Interest and other expense, net includes interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, interest expense and other non-operating gains or losses.

	Three Months Ended								Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023				2022
			% of Revenue				% of Revenue		$		%
Interest and other income (expense), net	$	1,182	1	%	$	(2,024)	(1)	%	$	3,206	158	%

The 158%, or $3.2 million, change in interest and other income (expense), net for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to a $1.8 million increase in interest income, and a $0.7 million decrease in foreign exchange expense.

Income Taxes. The effective tax rates were 21.9% and 10.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 differed from the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to the impact of U.S. taxation of foreign earnings and the foreign derived intangible income deduction relative to forecasted profits, and a discrete provision from the gain on divestiture.

	Three Months Ended								Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023				2022
			% of Revenue				% of Revenue		$		%
Income tax benefit	$	6,012	3	%	$	1,996	1	%	$	4,016	201	%

Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenue

During the six months ended September 30, 2023, no direct customer or channel partner accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue. During the six months ended September 30, 2022, one direct customer, Verizon, accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue, while no channel partner accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue.

	Six Months Ended								Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023				2022
			% of Revenue				% of Revenue		$		%
Revenue:
Product	$	175,206	43	%	$	210,067	48	%	$	(34,861)	(17)	%
Service	232,734		57	%	226,826		52	%	5,908		3	%
Total revenue	$	407,940	100	%	$	436,893	100	%	$	(28,953)	(7)	%

Product. The 17%, or $34.9 million, decrease in product revenue compared with the same period last year was primarily due to a decrease in revenue from both service provider and enterprise customers from service assurance offerings, including radio frequency propagation modeling projects, as a result of industry-specific capital spending constraints. The decrease in revenue was partially offset by an increase in revenue from cybersecurity offerings from both service provider and enterprise customers.

Service. The 3%, or $5.9 million, increase in service revenue compared with the same period last year was primarily due to an increase in revenue from maintenance contracts as well as professional service contracts.

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Total revenue by geography was as follows:

	Six Months Ended								Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023				2022
			% of Revenue				% of Revenue		$		%
United States	$	243,380	60	%	$	280,466	64	%	$	(37,086)	(13)	%
International:
Europe	66,168		16		69,087		16		(2,919)		(4)	%
Asia	30,725		7		29,186		7		1,539		5	%
Rest of the world	67,667		17		58,154		13		9,513		16	%
Subtotal international	164,560		40		156,427		36		8,133		5	%
Total revenue	$	407,940	100	%	$	436,893	100	%	$	(28,953)	(7)	%

United States revenue decreased 13%, or $37.1 million, primarily due to a decrease in revenue from service assurance offerings from both enterprise and service provider customers, including radio frequency propagation modeling projects. The 5%, or $8.1 million, increase in international revenue compared with the same period last year was primarily driven by higher revenue from both enterprise and service provider customers from cybersecurity offerings.

Total revenue by product line was as follows:

	Six Months Ended								Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023				2022
			% of Revenue				% of Revenue		$		%
Revenue:
Service assurance	$	275,486	68	%	$	316,917	73	%	$	(41,431)	(13)	%
Cybersecurity	132,454		32		119,976		27		12,478		10	%
Total revenue	$	407,940	100	%	$	436,893	100	%	$	(28,953)	(7)	%

The 13%, or $41.4 million, decrease in revenue from the service assurance product line was largely due to a decrease in revenue from both enterprise and service provider customers, including radio frequency propagation modeling projects, and the 10%, or 12.5 million, increase in revenue from the cybersecurity product line was largely due to an increase in revenue from service provider and enterprise customers.

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Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit

	Six Months Ended										Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023					2022
				% of Revenue					% of Revenue		$		%
Cost of revenue
Product	$	32,755		8	%	$	52,686		12	%	$	(19,931)	(38)	%
Service	60,693			15		62,669			14		(1,976)		(3)	%
Total cost of revenue	$	93,448		23	%	$	115,355		26	%	$	(21,907)	(19)	%
Gross profit:
Product $	$	142,451		35	%	$	157,381		36	%	$	(14,930)	(9)	%
Product gross profit %	81		%			75		%
Service $	$	172,041		42	%	$	164,157		38	%	$	7,884	5	%
Service gross profit %	74		%			72		%
Total gross profit $	$	314,492				$	321,538				$	(7,046)	(2)	%
Total gross profit %	77		%			74		%

Product. The 38%, or $19.9 million, decrease in cost of product revenue for the six months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to a $19.1 million decrease in costs related to the delivery of radio frequency propagation modeling projects, a $1.4 million decrease in the amortization of intangible assets, and a $0.6 million decrease in employee-related costs largely due to a decrease in variable incentive compensation. These decreases were partially offset by a $1.2 million increase in direct material costs due to product mix. The product gross profit percentage increased by six percentage points to 81% during the six months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the six months ended September 30, 2022. The 9%, or $14.9 million, decrease in product gross profit is attributable to the 17%, or $34.9 million, decrease in product revenue, partially offset by the 38%, or $19.9 million, decrease in cost of product revenue.

Service. The 3%, or $2.0 million, decrease in cost of service revenue for the six months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to an $2.2 million decrease in employee-related expenses largely due to a decrease in variable incentive compensation. This decrease was partially offset by a $0.5 million increase in cost of materials used to support customers under service contracts. The service gross profit percentage increased by two percentage points to 74% for the six months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the six months ended September 30, 2022. The 5%, or $7.9 million, increase in service gross profit is attributable to the 3%, or $5.9 million increase in service revenue, and the 3%, or $2.0 million, decrease in cost of service revenue.

Gross profit. Our gross profit for the six months ended September 30, 2023 decreased 2%, or $7.0 million, compared to the same period last year. This decrease is primarily attributable to the decrease in revenue of 7%, or $29.0 million, partially offset by the 19%, or $21.9 million, decrease in cost of revenue. The gross profit percentage increased by three percentage points to 77% for the six months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the six months ended September 30, 2022.

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Operating Expenses

	Six Months Ended								Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023				2022
			% of Revenue				% of Revenue		$		%
Research and development	$	80,632	20	%	$	87,374	20	%	$	(6,742)	(8)	%
Sales and marketing	139,946		34		142,441		33		(2,495)		(2)	%
General and administrative	50,866		12		50,051		11		815		2	%
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	25,257		6		27,682		6		(2,425)		(9)	%
Restructuring charges	—		—		1,714		—		(1,714)		(100)	%
Gain on divestiture of a business	(3,806)		(1)		—		—		(3,806)		(100)	%
Total operating expenses	$	292,895	71	%	$	309,262	70	%	$	(16,367)	(5)	%

Research and development. The 8%, or $6.7 million, decrease in research and development expenses for the six months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to a $5.2 million decrease in employee-related expenses largely due to a decrease in variable incentive compensation, and a $1.0 million decrease in contractor fees.

Sales and marketing. The 2%, or $2.5 million, decrease in total sales and marketing expenses for the six months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to a $5.5 million decrease in expenses related to trade shows, user conferences and other events, a $2.6 million decrease in advertising expense, and a $1.7 million decrease in commissions expense. These decreases were partially offset by a $4.5 million increase in employee-related expenses associated with an increase in headcount as well as an increase in variable incentive compensation, and a $1.2 million increase in travel expenses.

General and administrative. The 2%, or $0.8 million, increase in general and administrative expenses for the six months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to a $1.8 million increase in contractor fees, and a $0.6 million increase in business taxes. These increases were partially offset by a $0.9 million decrease in the provision for allowance for credit losses, and a $0.8 million decrease in legal fees.

Amortization of acquired intangible assets. Amortization of acquired intangible assets consists primarily of amortization of customer relationships, definite-lived trademark and tradenames, and leasehold interest related to the Comms Transaction and the acquisitions of Simena LLC, Network General Corporation, Avvasi, Inc. and Efflux Systems, Inc.

The 9%, or $2.4 million, decrease in amortization of acquired intangible assets for the six months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period last year was largely due to a decrease in the amortization of intangible assets related to the Comms Transaction and Network General Corporation.

Restructuring charges. During the six months ended September 30, 2022, we restructured certain departments to better align functions. As a result of the restructuring program, we recorded $1.7 million of restructuring charges related to one-time employee-related termination benefits for the employees that were notified of their termination during the period. The one-time termination benefits were paid in full during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023.

Gain on Divestiture of Business. During the six months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a $3.8 million gain on the divestiture of the Test Optimization business.

Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net

	Six Months Ended								Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023				2022
			% of Revenue				% of Revenue		$		%
Interest and other income (expense), net	$	543	—	%	$	(3,382)	(1)	%	$	3,925	116	%

The 116%, or $3.9 million, change in interest and other income (expense), net was primarily due to a $3.8 million increase in interest income.

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Income Taxes. Our effective tax rates were 22.0% and 15.3% for the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended September 30, 2023 differed from the effective rate for the six months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to the impact of U.S. taxation of foreign earnings and the foreign derived intangible income deduction relative to forecasted profits, and a discrete provision from the gain on divestiture.

	Six Months Ended								Change
	September 30,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2023				2022
			% of Revenue				% of Revenue		$		%
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	4,878	1	%	$	(1,357)	—	%	$	6,235	459	%

Backlog

We produce our products on the basis of our forecast of near-term demand and maintain inventory in advance of receipt of firm orders from customers. We configure our products to customer specifications and generally deliver products shortly after receipt of the purchase order. Service engagements are also included in certain orders. Customers generally may reschedule or cancel unfulfilled orders with little or no penalty. Our total backlog at any particular time is not necessarily indicative of future sales levels. Within total backlog, fulfillable backlog includes what we consider to represent orders that are generally available to be delivered to customers as of the end of the reporting period. Delivery of our fulfillable backlog typically occurs early in the subsequent quarter. However, delivery may be delayed or accelerated due to various other reasons, including but not limited to, changes in timing of customer projects and product delivery schedules, which may not be within our control. Our total combined product backlog at September 30, 2023 was $4.3 million compared to $44.4 million at March 31, 2023. Combined product backlog included fulfillable backlog of $2.3 million and $41.1 million at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Total backlog includes orders that were received late in the quarter and radio frequency propagation modeling projects. In some cases, we have begun these projects but have not yet hit billable milestones. At September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, deferred revenue and accounts receivable each contained a gross balance of $0.2 million and $8.3 million, respectively, related to these radio frequency propagation modeling project orders.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	279,944	$	386,794
Short-term marketable securities and investments	48,652		32,204
Long-term marketable securities	3,959		8,940
Cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments	$	332,555	$	427,938

Cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments

At September 30, 2023, cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments (current and non-current) totaled $332.6 million, a $95.3 million decrease from $427.9 million at March 31, 2023. This decrease was primarily due to $48.7 million of net cash used in operations, $31.1 million used to repurchase shares of our common stock, $18.7 million used for tax withholdings on restricted stock units, and $3.5 million used for capital expenditures, partially offset by $8.3 million in proceeds from the divestiture of a business during the six months ended September 30, 2023. Cash held outside the United States was approximately $189.1 million.

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Cash and cash equivalents were impacted by the following:

	Six Months Ended
	September 30,
	(in thousands)
	2023		2022
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(48,731)	$	(2,389)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	$	(6,973)	$	14,850
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(49,853)	$	(319,044)

Net cash from operating activities

Cash used in operating activities was $48.7 million during the six months ended September 30, 2023, compared with $2.4 million of cash used in operating activities during the six months ended September 30, 2022. The $46.3 million change was due in part to a $30.3 million decrease from accrued compensation and other expenses, a $17.8 million decrease from accounts receivable, a $15.4 million decrease from deferred income taxes, a $4.4 million decrease from depreciation and amortization expense, a $4.0 million decrease from inventories, and a $3.8 million decrease from the gain on the divestiture of a business. These decreases were partially offset by a $7.9 million increase from prepaid expenses and other assets, a $7.3 million increase from deferred revenue, a $7.0 million increase from net income, a $6.2 million increase from share-based compensation, and a $1.4 million increase from income taxes payable during the six months ended September 30, 2023 as compared with the six months ended September 30, 2022.

Net cash from investing activities

	Six Months Ended
	September 30,
	(in thousands)
	2023		2022
Cash (used in) provided by investing activities included the following:
Purchase of marketable securities and investments	$	(41,920)	$	(60,914)
Proceeds from sales and maturity of marketable securities	30,162		81,131
Purchase of fixed assets	(3,491)		(5,215)
Purchase of intangible assets	—		(161)
Proceeds from divestiture of a business	8,283		—
(Increase) decrease in deposits	(7)		9
	$	(6,973)	$	14,850

Cash used in investing activities was $7.0 million during the six months ended September 30, 2023, compared with $14.9 million of cash provided by investing activities during the six months ended September 30, 2022. The $21.8 million increase in cash used in investing activities was due in part to a $32.0 million increase in cash outflow from marketable securities related to a decrease of $51.0 million in proceeds from the sales and maturity of marketable securities, partially offset by a $19.0 million decrease related to the purchase of marketable securities and investments during the six months ended September 30, 2023 when compared with the six months ended September 30, 2022. These decreases were partially offset by an $8.3 million increase in proceeds from the divestiture of the Test Optimization business during the six months ended September 30, 2023.

Our investments in property and equipment consist primarily of computer equipment, demonstration units, office equipment and facility improvements. We plan to continue to invest in capital expenditures to support our infrastructure through the remainder of fiscal year 2024.

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Net cash from financing activities

	Six Months Ended
	September 30,
	(in thousands)
	2023		2022
Cash used in financing activities included the following:
Issuance of common stock under stock plans	$	2	$	2
Treasury stock repurchases, including accelerated share repurchases	(31,137)		(150,039)
Tax withholding on restricted stock units	(18,718)		(19,007)
Repayment of long-term debt	—		(150,000)
	$	(49,853)	$	(319,044)

Cash used in financing activities changed by $269.1 million to $49.9 million during the six months ended September 30, 2023, compared with $319.0 million of cash used in financing activities during the six months ended September 30, 2022.

During the six months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased a total of 1,117,777 shares for $31.1 million in the open market under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. During the six months ended September 30, 2022, we repurchased 3,255,814 shares for $150.0 million under our ASR program.

In connection with the delivery of our common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, we withheld 624,941 and 550,602 shares at a cost of $18.7 million and $19.0 million related to minimum statutory tax withholding requirements on these restricted stock units during the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These withholding transactions do not fall under the repurchase program described above, and therefore do not reduce the number of shares that are available for repurchase under that program.

During the six months ended September 30, 2022, we repaid $150.0 million of borrowings under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

Sources of Cash and Cash Requirements

Credit Facility

On July 27, 2021, we amended and extended our existing credit facility (as amended, the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) with a syndicate of lenders by and among: the Company; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (JPMorgan), as administrative agent and collateral agent; JPMorgan, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, BofA Securities Inc., RBC Capital Markets, PNC Capital Markets LLC and Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners; Santander Bank, N.A., U.S. Bank National Association, Fifth Third Bank National Association, Silicon Valley Bank and TD Bank, N.A., as co-documentation agents; and the lenders party thereto.

The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a five-year, $800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, including a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $75.0 million. We may elect to use the credit facility for general corporate purposes (including to finance the repurchase of shares of our common stock). The commitments under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will expire on July 27, 2026, and any outstanding loans will be due on that date. At June 30, 2023, $100 million was outstanding under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

On February 22, 2023, we entered into a First Amendment Agreement (First Amendment) of our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with a syndicate of lenders. We entered into the First Amendment in order to remove and replace the LIBOR-based interest rate benchmark provisions for U.S. dollar-denominated loans with interest rate benchmark provisions for U.S. dollar-denominated loans based on a term secured overnight financing rate (SOFR).

The First Amendment provides that U.S. dollar-denominated advances under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will bear interest at a term SOFR rate plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% or an Alternate Base Rate (defined in a customary manner), at the option of NetScout, plus a margin that ranges from 1.00% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 2.00% per annum for term SOFR loans if our consolidated gross leverage ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00, down to 0% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 1.00% per annum for term SOFR loans if our consolidated gross leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.50 to 1.00. For the period from the delivery of our financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, until we have delivered financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the applicable margin will be 1.00% per annum for Term Benchmark Revolving loans and 0% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans, and thereafter the applicable margin will vary depending on our consolidated gross leverage ratio, ranging from 1.00% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 2.00% per annum for Term Benchmark Revolving loans if our consolidated gross leverage ratio is greater

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than 3.50 to 1.00, down to 0% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 1.00% per annum for Term Benchmark Revolving loans if our consolidated gross leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.50 to 1.00.

Our consolidated gross leverage ratio is the ratio of our consolidated total debt compared to our consolidated EBITDA as defined in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (adjusted consolidated EBITDA). Adjusted consolidated EBITDA includes certain adjustments, including, without limitation, adjustments relating to extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring charges, certain restructuring charges, non-cash charges, certain transaction costs and expenses and certain pro forma adjustments in connection with material acquisitions and dispositions, all as set forth in detail in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

Commitment fees will accrue on the daily unused amount of the credit facility. For the period from the delivery of our financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, until we have delivered financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the commitment fee will be 0.15% per annum, and thereafter the commitment fee will vary depending on our consolidated gross leverage ratio, ranging from 0.30% per annum if our consolidated gross leverage ratio is greater than 2.75 to 1.00, down to 0.15% per annum if our consolidated gross leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.50 to 1.00.

Letter of credit participation fees are payable to each lender providing the letter of credit sub-facility on the amount of such lender's letter of credit exposure, during the period from the closing date of the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to, but excluding, the date which is the later of (i) the date on which such lender's commitment terminates or (ii) the date on which such lender ceases to have any letter of credit exposure, at a rate per annum equal to the applicable margin for term SOFR loans assuming such loans were outstanding during the period. Additionally, we will pay a fronting fee to each issuing bank in amounts to be agreed to between us and the applicable issuing bank.

Interest on Alternate Base Rate loans is payable at the end of each calendar quarter. Interest on term SOFR loans is payable at the end of each interest rate period or at the end of each three-month interval within an interest rate period if the period is longer than three months. We may also prepay loans under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement at any time, without penalty, subject to certain notice requirements.

The loans and other obligations under the credit facility are (a) guaranteed by each of our wholly-owned material domestic restricted subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, and (b) are secured by substantially all of the assets of us and the subsidiary guarantors, including a pledge of all the capital stock of material subsidiaries held directly by the Borrower and the subsidiary guarantors (which pledge, in the case of any foreign subsidiary, is limited to 65% of the voting stock), subject to certain customary exceptions and limitations. The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement generally prohibits any other liens on the assets of NetScout and our restricted subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions as described in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain covenants applicable to us and our restricted subsidiaries, including, without limitation, limitations on additional indebtedness, liens, various fundamental changes, dividends and distributions, investments (including acquisitions), transactions with affiliates, asset sales, including sale-leaseback transactions, speculative hedge agreements, payment of junior financing, changes in business and other limitations customary in senior secured credit facilities. The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement requires us to maintain a certain consolidated net leverage ratio and removes the previous requirement under our previous amended credit agreement that we maintain a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio. Our consolidated net leverage ratio is the ratio of our Consolidated Total Debt minus the lesser of unrestricted cash and 125% of adjusted consolidated EBITDA compared to our adjusted consolidated EBITDA. Our maximum consolidated net leverage ratio is 4.00 to 1.00. These covenants and limitations are more fully described in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. At September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants, including the specified total consolidated net leverage ratio range of 4.00 to 1.00.

The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides that events of default will exist in certain circumstances, including failure to make payment of principal or interest on the loans when required, failure to perform certain obligations under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and related documents including a failure to meet the maximum total consolidated net leverage ratio covenant, defaults under certain other indebtedness, certain insolvency events, certain events arising under ERISA, a change of control and certain other events. Upon an event of default, the administrative agent with the consent of, or at the request of, the holders of more than 50% in principal amount of the loans and commitments, may terminate the commitments and accelerate the maturity of the loans and enforce certain other remedies under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and the other loan documents.

We had unamortized capitalized debt issuance costs, net of $3.1 million at September 30, 2023, which are being amortized over the life of the revolving credit facility. The unamortized capitalized debt issuance costs balance of $1.1 million was included as prepaid expenses and other current assets and a balance of $2.0 million was included as other assets in our consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2023.

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Cash Requirements

We are actively managing the business to generate cash flow and believe that we currently have adequate liquidity. We believe that these factors will allow us to meet our anticipated funding requirements for at least the next twelve months.

We have contractual obligations for long-term debt, operating leases, unconditional purchase obligations, pension benefits plans and certain other long-term liabilities. Our obligations related to these items are described further within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations within our Annual Report filed on form 10-K. We expect net cash provided by operating activities combined with cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments and borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility will provide sufficient liquidity to fund current obligations, capital spending, debt service requirements and working capital requirement over at least the next twelve months. We believe we will meet longer-term expected future cash requirements and obligations through a combination of cash flows from operating activities, available cash balances, and our revolving credit facility. However, macroeconomic conditions, including rising inflation and a potential recession, could increase our anticipated funding requirements.

A portion of our cash may be used to acquire or invest in complementary businesses or products, to obtain the right to use complementary technologies, to repay borrowings under our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, or to repurchase shares of our common stock through our stock repurchase programs. From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, we evaluate potential acquisitions of such businesses, products or technologies. If our existing sources of liquidity are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities. Macroeconomic conditions, including rising interest rates and volatility in the capital markets, may make it difficult for us to secure additional financing on favorable terms or at all. Any sale of additional equity or debt securities could result in additional dilution to our stockholders.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information with respect to recent accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 1 contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk. We hold our cash, cash equivalents and investments for working capital purposes. Some of the securities we invest in are subject to market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. To minimize this risk, we maintain our portfolio of cash, cash equivalents and investments in a variety of securities, including money market funds and government debt securities. The risk associated with fluctuating interest rates is limited to our investment portfolio. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, we believe that we do not have any material exposure to changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio as a result of changes in interest rates. Declines in interest rates, however, would reduce future interest income. The effect of a hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in overall interest rates would not have had a material impact on our operating results or the total fair value of the portfolio.

We are exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates related to our credit facility. At September 30, 2023, we owed $100 million on this loan with an interest rate of 6.42%. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the outstanding portion of our debt obligation as of September 30, 2023. Should the current weighted-average interest rate increase or decrease by 10%, the resulting annual increase or decrease to interest expense would be approximately $642 thousand as of September 30, 2023.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk. As a result of our foreign operations, we face exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily the Euro, British Pound, Canadian Dollar and Indian Rupee. The current exposures arise primarily from expenses denominated in foreign currencies. We currently engage in foreign currency hedging activities in order to limit these exposures. Periodically, we also enter into forward contracts to manage exchange risk associated with third-party transactions and for which we do not elect hedge accounting treatment. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes.

At September 30, 2023, we had foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedging instruments with notional amounts totaling $10.4 million. The valuation of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts at September 30, 2023 resulted in a liability balance of $230 thousand, reflecting unfavorable contract rates in comparison to current market rates at this date and an asset balance of $5 thousand, reflecting favorable rates in comparison to current market rates at this date. At March 31, 2023, we had foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedging instruments with notional amounts totaling $10.3 million and foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments with a notional amount of $6.0 million. The valuation of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts (both designated and not designated as hedging instruments) at March 31, 2023 resulted in a liability balance of $49 thousand, reflecting unfavorable contract rates in comparison to current market rates and an asset balance of $59 thousand, reflecting favorable rates in comparison to current market rates at this date. The effect of a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates applicable to our business would not have a material impact on our historical consolidated financial statements. As our international operations grow, we will continue to reassess our approach to manage our risk relating to fluctuations in currency rates.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

At September 30, 2023, NetScout, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act)). Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, at September 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level in ensuring that material information relating to NetScout, including its consolidated subsidiaries, required to be disclosed by NetScout in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, including ensuring that such material information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) occurred during the period covered by this quarterly report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

For information regarding our legal proceedings, see Note 14 contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. The risks discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results. There have been no material changes to those risk factors since we filed our Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

The following table provides information about purchases we made during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 of equity securities that are registered by us pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program
7/1/2023-7/31/2023	1,620	$	29.53	—	1,209,153
8/1/2023-8/31/2023	633,428	27.95		446,756	762,397
9/1/2023-9/30/2023	672,498	27.87		671,021	91,376
Total	1,307,546	$	27.91	1,117,777	91,376

(1)We purchased an aggregate of 189,769 shares during the three months ended September 30, 2023 transferred to us from employees in satisfaction of minimum tax withholding obligations associated with the vesting of restricted stock units during the period. Such purchases reflected in the table do not reduce the maximum number of shares that may be purchased under our 25 million share repurchase program authorized on October 24, 2017 (2017 Share Repurchase Program) currently in effect, or the additional 25 million share repurchase program authorized on May 3, 2022 (2022 Share Repurchase Program).

Item 3.  Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

44

Item 5.  Other Information

Insider Adoption or Termination of Trading Arrangements:

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408, except as described in the table below:

Name & Title	Date Adopted	Character of Trading Arrangement(1)	Aggregate Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Purchased or Sold Pursuant to Trading Arrangement	Duration(2)	Other Material Terms	Date Terminated
Michael Szabados, Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer	September 11, 2023	Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement	Up to 15,000 shares to be Sold	June 14, 2024	N/A	N/A

(1) Except as indicated by footnote, each trading arrangement marked as a “Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement” is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c), as amended (the “Rule”).

(2) Except as indicated by footnote, each trading arrangement permitted or permits transactions through and including the earlier to occur of (a) the completion of all purchases or sales or (b) the date listed in the table. Each trading arrangement marked as a “Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement” only permitted or only permits transactions upon expiration of the applicable mandatory cooling-off period under the Rule. Except as indicated by footnote, each arrangement also provided or provides for automatic expiration in the event of death, receipt of written notice of the closing of a merger, recapitalization, acquisition, tender or exchange offer, or other business combination or reorganization resulting in the exchange or conversion of the common stock of the Company into shares of another company, or the conversion of the common stock of the Company into rights to receive fixed amounts of cash or into debt securities and/or preferred stock (whether in whole or in part).

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Item 6. Exhibits

(a)Exhibits

3.1		Composite conformed copy of Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NetScout (as amended) (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to NetScout's current report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on September 21, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.2		Amended and Restated By-laws of NetScout (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to NetScout's current report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 11, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
31.1	+	Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	+	Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	++	Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	++	Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	+	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	+	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	+	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase document.
101.DEF	+	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase document.
101.LAB	+	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase document.
101.PRE	+	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase document.
104		The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 formatted in Inline XBRL

+	Filed herewith.
++	Exhibit has been furnished, is not deemed filed and is not to be incorporated by reference into any of the Company's filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in any such filing.

46

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	NETSCOUT SYSTEMS, INC.
Date: November 2, 2023	/s/ Anil K. Singhal
	Anil K. Singhal
	President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
	(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 2, 2023	/s/ Jean Bua
	Jean Bua
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)
	(Principal Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Anil K. Singhal, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of NetScout Systems, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 2, 2023

/s/ Anil K. Singhal

Anil K. Singhal

President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Jean Bua, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of NetScout Systems, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 2, 2023

/s/ Jean Bua

Jean Bua

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

(Principal Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of NetScout Systems, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Anil K. Singhal, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Anil K. Singhal

Anil K. Singhal

President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

Principal Executive Officer

November 2, 2023

This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of NetScout Systems, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of NetScout Systems, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jean Bua, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Jean Bua

Jean Bua

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

(Principal Accounting Officer)

November 2, 2023

This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of NetScout Systems, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

XML

Cover - shares	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 24, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-26251
Entity Registrant Name	NETSCOUT SYSTEMS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	04-2837575
Entity Address, Address Line One	310 Littleton Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Westford
Entity Address, State or Province	MA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	01886
City Area Code	978
Local Phone Number	614-4000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	NTCT
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		70,996,128
Entity Central Index Key	0001078075
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--03-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 279,944	$ 386,794
Marketable securities and investments	48,652	32,204
Accounts receivable and unbilled costs, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $666 and $675 at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively	152,603	143,855
Inventories and deferred costs	15,909	17,956
Prepaid income taxes	13,619	2,235
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	29,794	34,316
Total current assets	540,521	617,360
Fixed assets, net	30,637	34,735
Operating lease right-of-use assets	47,000	51,456
Goodwill	1,722,004	1,724,404
Intangible assets, net	336,445	366,591
Deferred income taxes	4,468	4,534
Long-term marketable securities	3,959	8,940
Other assets	12,677	12,540
Total assets	2,697,711	2,820,560
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	15,569	16,473
Accrued compensation	36,935	83,279
Accrued other	18,337	26,283
Income taxes payable	1,604	4,391
Deferred revenue and customer deposits	275,008	311,531
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	11,671	11,650
Total current liabilities	359,124	453,607
Other long-term liabilities	7,371	7,683
Deferred tax liability	3,224	24,939
Accrued long-term retirement benefits	25,363	26,049
Long-term deferred revenue and customer deposits	119,305	129,814
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	43,654	48,819
Long-term debt	100,000	100,000
Total liabilities	658,041	790,911
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value:
5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023	0	0
Common stock, $0.001 par value:
300,000,000 shares authorized; 130,875,398 and 128,683,824 shares issued and 71,697,901 and 71,249,045 shares outstanding at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively	130	128
Additional paid-in capital	3,142,712	3,099,698
Accumulated other comprehensive income	5,379	5,738
Treasury stock at cost, 59,177,497 and 57,434,779 shares at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively	(1,596,026)	(1,546,128)
Retained earnings	487,475	470,213
Total stockholders' equity	2,039,670	2,029,649
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 2,697,711	$ 2,820,560

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 666	$ 675
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	300,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	130,875,398	128,683,824
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	71,697,901	71,249,045
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	59,177,497	57,434,779

XML

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 196,802	$ 228,081	$ 407,940	$ 436,893
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	43,052	57,641	93,448	115,355
Gross profit	153,750	170,440	314,492	321,538
Operating expenses:
Research and development	35,112	43,917	80,632	87,374
Sales and marketing	60,950	66,118	139,946	142,441
General and administrative	22,652	25,261	50,866	50,051
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	12,550	13,801	25,257	27,682
Restructuring charges	0	(60)	0	1,714
Gain on divestiture of a business	(3,806)	0	(3,806)	0
Total operating expenses	127,458	149,037	292,895	309,262
Income from operations	26,292	21,403	21,597	12,276
Interest and other income (expense), net:
Interest income	2,509	756	4,797	1,032
Interest expense	(2,174)	(2,242)	(4,267)	(4,106)
Other income (expense), net	847	(538)	13	(308)
Total interest and other income (expense), net	1,182	(2,024)	543	(3,382)
Income before income tax expense (benefit)	27,474	19,379	22,140	8,894
Income tax expense (benefit)	6,012	1,996	4,878	(1,357)
Net income	$ 21,462	$ 17,383	$ 17,262	$ 10,251
Basic net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.30	$ 0.24	$ 0.24	$ 0.14
Diluted net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.29	$ 0.24	$ 0.24	$ 0.14
Weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing:
Net income per share - basic (in shares)	72,112	71,856	71,828	72,152
Net income per share - diluted (in shares)	72,797	72,891	72,838	73,494
Product
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 80,545	$ 111,816	$ 175,206	$ 210,067
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	16,093	25,881	32,755	52,686
Service
Revenue:
Total revenue	116,257	116,265	232,734	226,826
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	$ 26,959	$ 31,760	$ 60,693	$ 62,669

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 21,462	$ 17,383	$ 17,262	$ 10,251
Other comprehensive loss:
Cumulative translation adjustments	(138)	(310)	(70)	(561)
Changes in market value of investments:
Changes in unrealized gains (losses), net of taxes (benefit) of $3, $0, ($31) and ($3), respectively	9	0	(97)	(11)
Total net change in market value of investments	9	0	(97)	(11)
Changes in market value of derivatives:
Changes in market value of derivatives, net of benefit of $85, $237, $34, and $283, respectively	(264)	(762)	(105)	(910)
Reclassification adjustment for net (losses) gains included in net income, net of (benefit) taxes of ($10), $51, ($28) and $89, respectively	(31)	163	(87)	285
Total net change in market value of derivatives	(295)	(599)	(192)	(625)
Other comprehensive loss	(424)	(909)	(359)	(1,197)
Total comprehensive income	$ 21,038	$ 16,474	$ 16,903	$ 9,054

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Changes in unrealized losses, tax expense (benefit)	$ 3	$ 0	$ (31)	$ (3)
Changes in market value of derivatives, tax expense (benefit)	(85)	(237)	(34)	(283)
Reclassification adjustment for net gains (losses) included in net income (loss), tax expense (benefit)	$ (10)	$ 51	$ (28)	$ 89

XML

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock Voting	Additional Paid In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Treasury Stock	Retained Earnings
Beginning balance, common stock (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		126,425,383
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 2,060,395	$ 126	$ 3,023,403	$ 141	$ (1,373,840)	$ 410,565
Beginning balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022					52,323,090
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	10,251					10,251
Unrealized net investment gains (losses)	(11)			(11)
Unrealized net loss on derivative financial instruments	(625)			(625)
Cumulative translation adjustments	(561)			(561)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		1,741,744
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units	2	$ 2
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to employees	30,702		30,702
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)		206,029
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	6,539		6,539
Repurchase of treasury stock (in shares)					3,806,416
Repurchase of treasury stock	(169,046)		(45,000)		$ (124,046)
Ending balance, common stock (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022		128,373,156
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	1,937,646	$ 128	3,015,644	(1,056)	$ (1,497,886)	420,816
Ending balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022					56,129,506
Beginning balance, common stock (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		126,425,383
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 2,060,395	$ 126	3,023,403	141	$ (1,373,840)	410,565
Beginning balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022					52,323,090
Ending balance, common stock (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	71,249,045	128,683,824
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 2,029,649	$ 128	3,099,698	5,738	$ (1,546,128)	470,213
Ending balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	57,434,779				57,434,779
Beginning balance, common stock (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		127,371,813
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 1,906,889	$ 127	2,993,163	(147)	$ (1,489,687)	403,433
Beginning balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022					55,887,992
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	17,383					17,383
Unrealized net investment gains (losses)	0
Unrealized net loss on derivative financial instruments	(599)			(599)
Cumulative translation adjustments	(310)			(310)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		795,314
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units	1	$ 1
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to employees	15,942		15,942
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)		206,029
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	6,539		6,539
Repurchase of treasury stock (in shares)					241,514
Repurchase of treasury stock	(8,199)		0		$ (8,199)
Ending balance, common stock (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022		128,373,156
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 1,937,646	$ 128	3,015,644	(1,056)	$ (1,497,886)	420,816
Ending balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022					56,129,506
Beginning balance, common stock (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	71,249,045	128,683,824
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 2,029,649	$ 128	3,099,698	5,738	$ (1,546,128)	470,213
Beginning balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	57,434,779				57,434,779
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	$ 17,262					17,262
Unrealized net investment gains (losses)	(97)			(97)
Unrealized net loss on derivative financial instruments	(192)			(192)
Cumulative translation adjustments	(70)			(70)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		1,981,783
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units		$ 2
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to employees	37,008		37,008
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)		209,791
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	6,006		6,006
Repurchase of treasury stock (in shares)					1,742,718
Repurchase of treasury stock	$ (49,898)		0		$ (49,898)
Ending balance, common stock (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	71,697,901	130,875,398
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 2,039,670	$ 130	3,142,712	5,379	$ (1,596,026)	487,475
Ending balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	59,177,497				59,177,497
Beginning balance, common stock (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		130,016,041
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 2,031,210	$ 130	3,118,798	5,803	$ (1,559,534)	466,013
Beginning balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023					57,869,951
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	21,462					21,462
Unrealized net investment gains (losses)	9			9
Unrealized net loss on derivative financial instruments	(295)			(295)
Cumulative translation adjustments	(138)			(138)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		649,566
Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units granted to employees	17,908		17,908
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)		209,791
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	6,006		6,006
Repurchase of treasury stock (in shares)					1,307,546
Repurchase of treasury stock	$ (36,492)		0		$ (36,492)
Ending balance, common stock (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	71,697,901	130,875,398
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 2,039,670	$ 130	$ 3,142,712	$ 5,379	$ (1,596,026)	$ 487,475
Ending balance, treasury stock (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	59,177,497				59,177,497

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 17,262	$ 10,251
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities, net of the effects of acquisitions:
Depreciation and amortization	38,410	42,847
Operating lease right-of-use assets	5,218	5,327
Gain on divestiture of a business	(3,806)	0
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	45	13
Share-based compensation expense	38,289	32,082
Change in fair value of derivative investment	(206)	0
Deferred income taxes	(21,411)	(5,963)
Other gains	(82)	0
Changes in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable and unbilled costs	(8,952)	8,850
Inventories	(1,211)	2,745
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(7,666)	(15,583)
Accounts payable	(1,109)	(737)
Accrued compensation and other expenses	(49,851)	(19,562)
Operating lease liabilities	(5,908)	(6,128)
Income taxes payable	(2,948)	(4,383)
Deferred revenue	(44,805)	(52,148)
Net cash used in operating activities	(48,731)	(2,389)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of marketable securities and investments	(41,920)	(60,914)
Proceeds from sales and maturity of marketable securities	30,162	81,131
Purchase of fixed assets	(3,491)	(5,215)
Purchase of intangible assets	0	(161)
Proceeds from divestiture of a business	8,283	0
(Increase) decrease in deposits	(7)	9
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(6,973)	14,850
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance of common stock under stock plans	2	2
Treasury stock repurchases, including accelerated share repurchases	(31,137)	(150,039)
Tax withholding on restricted stock units	(18,718)	(19,007)
Repayment of long-term debt	0	(150,000)
Net cash used in financing activities	(49,853)	(319,044)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(1,293)	(9,253)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(106,850)	(315,836)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	386,794	636,161
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	279,944	320,325
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for interest	3,192	3,001
Cash paid for income taxes	41,250	30,134
Non-cash transactions:
Transfers of inventory to fixed assets	1,814	1,371
Additions to property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable	400	289
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans	6,006	6,539
Unsettled share repurchases, included in accounts payable	$ 43	$ 0

XML

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by NetScout Systems, Inc. (NetScout or the Company). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared under United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position and stockholders' equity, results of operations and cash flows. The year-end consolidated balance sheet data and statement of stockholders' equity were derived from the Company's audited financial statements, but do not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The results reported in these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 16, 2023.

Global and Macroeconomic Conditions

The Company continues to closely monitor the current global and macroeconomic conditions, including the impacts of the ongoing Ukraine and Israel wars, global geopolitical tension, stock market volatility, industry-specific capital spending trends, exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, interest rates, and the risk of a recession, including the manner and extent to which they have impacted and could continue to impact its customers, employees, supply chain, and distribution network. The full extent of the impacts of these global and macroeconomic trends remain uncertain. It is possible that the measures taken by the governments of countries affected and the resulting economic impacts may materially and adversely affect the Company's future results of operations, cash flows and financial position as well as its customers.

The Company has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. Late in the second quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company experienced a slowing in order conversion, which affected the Company's fiscal first half results. The Company has taken and continues to take precautionary actions to manage costs and increase productivity across the organization. This includes managing discretionary spending and hiring activities. In addition, based on covenant levels, the Company had as of September 30, 2023, an incremental $700 million available under its revolving credit facility.

The Company expects net cash provided by operations combined with cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments and borrowing availability under the revolving credit facility to provide sufficient liquidity to fund current obligations, capital spending, debt service requirements and working capital requirements over at least the next twelve months.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires companies to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination as if the acquiring company originated the related revenue contracts. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2021-08 was adopted on April 1, 2023. Amendments within the standard are required to be applied on a prospective basis from the date of adoption. The Company will apply the provisions of ASU 2021-08 to future acquisitions, if any.

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REVENUE

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

REVENUE

REVENUE

Revenue Recognition Policy

The Company exercises judgment and uses estimates in connection with determining the amounts of product and service revenues to be recognized in each accounting period.

The Company derives revenues primarily from the sale of network management tools and cybersecurity solutions for service provider and enterprise customers, which include hardware, software, and service offerings. The Company's product sales consist of software only offerings and offerings which include hardware appliances with embedded software that are essential to providing customers the intended functionality of the solutions.

The Company accounts for revenue once a legally enforceable contract with a customer has been approved by the parties and the related promises to transfer products or services have been identified. A contract is defined by the Company as an arrangement with commercial substance identifying payment terms, each party's rights and obligations regarding the products or services to be transferred and the amount the Company deems probable of collection. Customer contracts may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether the products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as one combined performance obligation may require significant judgment. Revenue is recognized when control of the products or services are transferred to the Company's customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for products and services.

Product revenue is typically recognized upon fulfillment, provided a legally enforceable contract exists, control has passed to the customer, and in the case of software products, when the customer has the rights and ability to access the software, and collection of the related receivable is probable. If any significant obligations to the customer remain post-delivery, typically involving obligations relating to installation and acceptance by the customer, revenue recognition is deferred until such obligations have been fulfilled. The Company's service offerings include installation, integration, extended warranty and maintenance services, post-contract customer support, stand-ready software-as-a-service (SAAS) and other professional services including consulting and training. The Company generally provides software and/or hardware support as part of product sales. Revenue related to the initial bundled software and hardware support is recognized ratably over the support period. In addition, customers can elect to purchase extended support agreements for periods after the initial software/hardware warranty expiration. Support services generally include rights to unspecified upgrades (when and if available), telephone and internet-based support, updates, bug fixes and hardware repair and replacement. Consulting services are recognized upon delivery or completion of performance depending on the terms of the underlying contract. Reimbursements of out-of-pocket expenditures incurred in connection with providing consulting services are included in services revenue, with the offsetting expense recorded in cost of service revenue. Training services include on-site and classroom training. Training revenues are recognized upon delivery of the training.

Generally, the Company's contracts are accounted for individually. However, when contracts are closely interrelated and dependent on each other, it may be necessary to account for two or more contracts as one to reflect the substance of the group of contracts.

Bundled arrangements are concurrent customer purchases of a combination of the Company's product and service offerings that may be delivered at various points in time. The Company allocates the transaction price among the performance obligations in an amount that depicts the relative standalone selling prices (SSP) of each obligation. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP for each of the products and services sold, based primarily on the performance obligation's historical pricing. The Company also considers its overall pricing objectives and practices across different sales channels and geographies, and market conditions. Generally, the Company has established SSP for a majority of its service performance obligations based on historical standalone sales. In certain instances, the Company has established SSP for services based upon an estimate of profitability and the underlying cost to fulfill those services. SSP has primarily been established for product performance obligations as the average or median selling price the performance obligation was recently sold for, whether sold alone or sold as part of a bundle transaction. The Company reviews sales of the product performance obligations on a quarterly basis and updates, when appropriate, its SSP for such performance obligations to ensure that it reflects recent pricing experience. The Company's products are distributed through its direct sales force and indirect distribution channels through alliances with resellers and distributors. Revenue arrangements with resellers and distributors are recognized on a sell-in basis; that is, when control of the product transfers to the reseller or distributor. The Company records consideration given to a customer as a reduction of revenue to the extent they have recorded revenue from the customer. With limited exceptions, the Company's return policy does not allow product returns for a refund. Returns have been insignificant to date. In addition, the Company has a history of successfully collecting receivables from its resellers and distributors.

During the six months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized revenue of $201.3 million related to the Company's deferred revenue balance reported at March 31, 2023.

Performance Obligations

Customer contracts may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether the products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as one combined performance obligation may require significant judgment. The transaction price is allocated among performance obligations in bundled contracts in an amount that depicts the relative standalone selling prices of each obligation.

For contracts involving distinct hardware and software licenses, the performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer. For standalone maintenance and post-contract support (PCS) the performance obligation is satisfied ratably over the contract term as a stand-ready obligation. For consulting and training services, the

performance obligation may be satisfied over the contract term as a stand-ready obligation, satisfied over a period of time as those services are delivered, satisfied at the completion of the service when control has transferred, or the services have expired unused.

Payments for hardware, software licenses, one-year maintenance, PCS and consulting services, are typically due up front with payment terms of 30 to 90 days. However, the Company does have contracts pursuant to which billings occur ratably over a period of years following the transfer of control for the contracted performance obligations. Payments on multi-year maintenance, PCS and consulting services are typically due in annual installments over the contract term. The Company did not have any material variable consideration such as obligations for returns, refunds or warranties at September 30, 2023.

At September 30, 2023, the Company had total deferred revenue of $394.3 million, which represents the aggregate total contract price allocated to undelivered performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize $275.0 million, or 70%, of this revenue during the next 12 months, and expects to recognize the remaining $119.3 million, or 30%, of this revenue thereafter.

Because of NetScout's revenue recognition policies, there are circumstances for which the Company does not recognize revenue relating to sales transactions that have been billed, but the related account receivable has not been collected. While the receivable represents an enforceable obligation, the Company does not believe its right to payment is unconditional, therefore for balance sheet presentation purposes, the Company has not recognized the deferred revenue or the related account receivable and no amounts appear in the consolidated balance sheets for such transactions because control of the underlying deliverable has not transferred. The aggregate amount of unrecognized accounts receivable and deferred revenue was $4.1 million and $6.6 million at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

NetScout expects that the amount of billed and unbilled deferred revenue will change from quarter to quarter for several reasons, including the specific timing, duration and size of large customer support and service agreements, varying billing cycles of such agreements, the specific timing of customer renewals, and foreign currency fluctuations. The Company did not have material significant financing components, or variable consideration or performance obligations satisfied in a prior period recognized during the six months ended September 30, 2023.

Contract Balances

The Company may receive payments from customers based on billing schedules as established by the Company's contracts. Contract assets relate to performance obligations where control has transferred to the customer in advance of scheduled billings. The Company records unbilled accounts receivable representing the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that have been transferred to a customer conditional on the passage of time. Deferred revenue relates to scenarios where billings with an unconditional right to payment occur before all performance obligations are delivered or payments are received in advance of performance under the contract.

Costs to Obtain Contracts

The Company has determined that the only significant incremental costs incurred to obtain contracts with customers within the scope of Topic 606 are sales commissions paid to its employees. Sales commissions are recorded as an asset and amortized to expense ratably over the remaining performance periods of the related contracts with remaining performance obligations. The Company expenses costs as incurred for sales commissions when the amortization period would have been one year or less.

At September 30, 2023, the consolidated balance sheet included $9.3 million in assets related to sales commissions to be expensed in future periods. A balance of $4.7 million was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and a balance of $4.6 million was included in other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2023. At March 31, 2023, the consolidated balance sheet included $9.4 million in assets related to sales commissions to be expensed in future periods. A balance of $4.7 million was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and a balance of $4.7 million was included in other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2023.

During the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, the Company recognized $1.7 million, $1.7 million, $3.4 million, and $3.5 million of amortization related to this sales commission asset, which is included in the sales and marketing expense line in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company continually monitors collections from its customers. The Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable and determines the appropriate allowance for credit losses based on a combination of factors, including but not limited to, analysis of the aging schedules, past due balances, historical collection experience and prevailing economic conditions.

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses (in thousands):

Balance at March 31, 2023	$	675
Additions resulting in charges to operations	18
Charges (recoveries) to other accounts	—
Deductions due to write-offs	(27)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	666

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CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK AND SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK AND SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS

CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK AND SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of investments, trade accounts receivable and accounts payable. The Company's cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities are placed with financial institutions with high credit standings.

At September 30, 2023, the Company had one direct customer which accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance, while no indirect channel partners accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance. At March 31, 2023, the Company had no direct customers or channel partners which accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance.

During the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, no direct customers or channel partners accounted for more than 10% of the Company's total revenue. During the three and six months ended September 30, 2022, one direct customer, Verizon, accounted for more than 10% of the Company's total revenue, while no channel partners accounted for more than 10% of total revenue.

Historically, the Company has not experienced any significant failure of its customers' ability to meet their payment obligations nor does the Company anticipate material non-performance by its customers in the future; accordingly, the Company does not require collateral from its customers. However, if the Company's assumptions are incorrect, there could be an adverse impact on its allowance for doubtful accounts.

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

On September 12, 2019, the Company's stockholders approved the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 Plan), which replaced the Company's 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (Amended 2007 Plan). The 2019 Plan permits the granting of incentive and nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, and other stock awards, collectively referred to as "share-based awards."

On September 10, 2020, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 First Amended Plan) to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance by 4,700,000 shares, establish a one-year minimum vesting requirement for awards granted on or after September 10, 2020, and change the "fungible share counting ratio" used to calculate the increase or reduction in the number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 First Amended Plan.

On August 24, 2022, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 Second Amended Plan) to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance by 7,000,000 shares, and change the "fungible share counting ratio" used to calculate the increase or reduction in the number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 Second Amended Plan.

On September 14, 2023, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment and restatement to the 2019 First Amended Plan (2019 Third Amended Plan) to further increase the number of shares reserved for issuance by 5,900,000 shares and changed the "fungible share counting ratio" used to calculate the increase or reduction in the number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 Third Amended Plan. At September 14, 2023, there was a total of 8,263,547 shares reserved for issuance under the 2019 Third Amended Plan, which consisted of 5,900,000 new shares plus 2,363,547 shares that remained available for grant under the 2019 Second Amended Plan as of September 14, 2023, the effective date of the 2019 Third Amended Plan. The Company refers to the 2019 Plan, 2019 First Amended Plan, 2019 Second Amended Plan and 2019 Third Amended Plan collectively as the "Amended 2019 Plan". At September 30, 2023, an aggregate of 8,141,536 shares remained available for grant under the Amended 2019 Plan.

Periodically, the Company grants share-based awards to employees, officers, and directors of the Company and its subsidiaries. Additionally, the Company periodically grants performance-based restricted stock units to certain executive officers that vest based upon the Company's total shareholder return as compared to the Russell 2000 Index over a three-year period. The performance-based restricted stock units are valued using the Monte Carlo Simulation model. The measurement and recognition of compensation expense is based on estimated fair values for all share-based payment awards made to its employees and directors. Share-based award grants are generally measured at fair value on the date of grant based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of the Company's common stock. Such value is recognized as a cost of revenue or an operating expense over the corresponding vesting period.

The following is a summary of share-based compensation expense including restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units granted pursuant to the Company's Amended 2007 Plan, the Amended 2019 Plan, and employee stock purchases made under the Company's 2011 Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), based on estimated fair values within the applicable cost and expense lines identified below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of product revenue	$	349	$	315	$	721	$	607
Cost of service revenue	2,289		2,080		4,828		3,825
Research and development	4,988		4,580		10,374		9,011
Sales and marketing	6,675		6,043		13,959		11,793
General and administrative	4,144		3,483		8,407		6,846
	$	18,445	$	16,501	$	38,289	$	32,082

Employee Stock Purchase Plan – The Company maintains the ESPP for all eligible employees as described in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2023. Under the ESPP, shares of the Company's common stock may be purchased on the last day of each bi-annual offering period at 85% of the fair value on the last day of such offering period. The offering periods run from March 1st through August 31st and from September 1st through the last day of February each year. During the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, employees purchased 209,791 shares under the ESPP and the fair value per share was $28.63.

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CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS

CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents and those investments with original maturities greater than three months to be marketable securities. Cash and cash equivalents mainly consisted of U.S. government and municipal obligations, commercial paper, money market instruments and cash maintained with various financial institutions at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023.

Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of marketable securities held by NetScout at September 30, 2023, classified as short-term and long-term (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Type of security:
U.S. government and municipal obligations	$	16,327	$	(56)	$	16,271
Commercial paper	18,989		—		18,989
Certificates of deposit	7,371		—		7,371
Total short-term marketable securities	42,687		(56)		42,631
U.S. government and municipal obligations	4,007		(48)		3,959
Total long-term marketable securities	4,007		(48)		3,959
Total marketable securities	$	46,694	$	(104)	$	46,590

The following is a summary of marketable securities held by NetScout at March 31, 2023, classified as short-term and long-term (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
Type of security:
U.S. government and municipal obligations	$	8,796	$	(1)	$	8,795
Commercial paper	19,136		—		19,136
Corporate bonds	310		—		310
Certificates of deposit	3,963		—		3,963
Total short-term marketable securities	32,205		(1)		32,204
U.S. government and municipal obligations	8,915		25		8,940
Total long-term marketable securities	8,915		25		8,940
Total marketable securities	$	41,120	$	24	$	41,144

Contractual maturities of the Company's marketable securities held at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Available-for-sale securities:
Due in 1 year or less	$	42,631	$	32,204
Due after 1 year through 5 years	3,959		8,940
	$	46,590	$	41,144

Investments

In February 2023, the Company entered into a forward share purchase agreement with Napatech A/S (Napatech), a publicly traded Danish company registered on the Oslo stock exchange, to purchase approximately 6.2 million shares of Napatech's common stock for $7.5 million. In April 2023, the Company settled the forward share purchase contract with Napatech in exchange for approximately 6.2 million shares of Napatech's common stock. As part of the agreement, the Company received the right to designate a representative to be nominated for election to the Napatech Board of Directors, which was approved by Napatech's Nomination Committee in April 2023. The Company accounts for this investment under the equity method and has elected to apply the fair value option to the investment. The Company records the investment at fair value at the end of each period based on the closing price of Napatech's stock and any change in fair value during the period is recorded in other income (expense), net within the Company's consolidated statement of operations. At September 30, 2023, the fair value of the investment in Napatech was $6.0 million and was included in marketable securities and investments in the Company's consolidated balance sheet. During the six months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized a $0.1 million increase in the fair value of the equity investment in Napatech in other income (expense), net within the Company's consolidated statement of operations. For the six months ended September 30, 2023, the unrealized losses related to foreign currency translation on the equity investment in Napatech were immaterial.

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 refers to fair values determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Level 2 refers to fair values estimated using significant other observable inputs, and Level 3 includes fair values estimated using significant non-observable inputs. The following tables present the Company's financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis using the fair value hierarchy at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements at
	September 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	270,901	$	9,043	$	—	$	279,944
U.S. government and municipal obligations	17,710		2,520		—		20,230
Commercial paper	—		18,989		—		18,989
Certificate of deposits	—		7,371		—		7,371
Equity investment in Napatech	6,021		—		—		6,021
Derivative financial instruments	—		5		—		5
	$	294,632	$	37,928	$	—	$	332,560
LIABILITIES:
Derivative financial instruments	$	—	$	(230)	$	—	$	(230)
	$	—	$	(230)	$	—	$	(230)

	Fair Value Measurements at
	March 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	370,455	$	16,339	$	—	$	386,794
U.S. government and municipal obligations	17,735		—		—		17,735
Commercial paper	—		19,136		—		19,136
Corporate bonds	310		—		—		310
Certificate of deposits	—		3,963		—		3,963
Derivative financial instruments	—		59		—		59
	$	388,500	$	39,497	$	—	$	427,997
LIABILITIES:
Derivative financial instruments	$	—	$	(49)	$	(1,380)	$	(1,429)
	$	—	$	(49)	$	(1,380)	$	(1,429)

This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. On a recurring basis, the Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value, including marketable securities and derivative financial instruments.

The Company's Level 1 investments are classified as such because they are valued using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency.

The Company's Level 2 investments are classified as such because they are valued using observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active.

The Company’s Level 3 liability at March 31, 2023 consisted of a forward share purchase contract with Napatech to purchase approximately 6.2 million shares of Napatech's common stock for $7.5 million, which qualified as a derivative instrument under authoritative guidance. The Company measured the forward share purchase contract at March 31, 2023 at fair value based on inputs which were observable and those which were not observable in the market, resulting in a charge related to the Level 3 fair value hierarchy classification. During the six months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a $0.2 million decrease in the fair value of the derivative financial instrument liability in other income (expense), net within the

Company's consolidated statement of operations. In April 2023, the Company settled the forward share purchase contract with Napatech in exchange for approximately 6.2 million shares of Napatech's common stock valued at $6.2 million at such time.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the fair value of the Company's Level 3 financial liability for the six months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Derivative
	Instrument
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	(1,380)
Change in fair value of derivative investment	206
Settlement of derivative instrument	1,174
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	—

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INVENTORIES

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

INVENTORIES

INVENTORIESInventories are stated at the lower of actual cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by using the first in, first out (FIFO) method. Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	10,533	$	12,352
Work in process	170		14
Finished goods	4,778		5,183
Deferred costs	428		407
	$	15,909	$	17,956

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DIVESTITURES

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

DIVESTITURES

DIVESTITURES

Business Divestiture

On September 8, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement to divest its Test Optimization business (TO business) for cash proceeds of $8.3 million. The Company recorded a gain of $3.8 million on the divestiture during the three and six months ended September 30, 2023. In connection with the divestiture, the Company has entered into a transitional services agreement with the buyer to provide certain services through December 31, 2023.

The Company determined that the sale of the TO business did not represent a strategic shift and will not have a major effect on its consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flow. Accordingly, the Company has not presented the sale as a discontinued operation in the consolidated financial statements.

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The Company has one reporting unit. Goodwill is tested for impairment at a reporting unit level at least annually, as of January 31, or on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test at January 31, 2023, using the qualitative (Step 0) assessment, and the Company concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. During the six months ended September 30, 2023, and through the date of this quarterly report, the Company considered a variety of factors including the impact of the macroeconomic environment on the Company's long-term forecast and stock price. Based upon those assessments, the Company concluded that there were no events or circumstances that had occurred that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value at September 30, 2023. The Company will continue to monitor these factors and plans to perform its annual goodwill assessment during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024, further the Company will perform additional interim impairment tests, if necessary.

At September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the carrying amount of goodwill was $1.7 billion. The change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended September 30, 2023 was due to the impact of foreign currency translation adjustments related to asset balances that are recorded in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar and the divestiture of the TO business.

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended September 30, 2023 as follows (in thousands):

Balance at March 31, 2023	$	1,724,404
Foreign currency translation impact	1,859
Divestiture of a business	(4,259)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	1,722,004

Intangible Assets

The net carrying amounts of intangible assets were $336.4 million and $366.6 million at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recorded under the acquisition method of accounting at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company amortizes acquired intangible assets over their estimated useful lives.

Intangible assets include the following amortizable intangible assets at September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Estimated Useful Life in Years	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Developed technology	3 - 13 years	$	247,769	$	(234,598)	$	13,171
Customer relationships	8 - 18 years	761,750		(451,580)		310,170
Distributor relationships and technology licenses	1 - 6 years	7,747		(6,883)		864
Definite-lived trademark and trade name	2 - 9 years	57,603		(45,559)		12,044
Core technology	10 years	7,192		(7,192)		—
Capitalized software	3 years	3,317		(3,317)		—
Other	1 - 20 years	1,208		(1,012)		196
		$	1,086,586	$	(750,141)	$	336,445

Intangible assets include the following amortizable intangible assets at March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Estimated Useful Life in Years	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Developed technology	3 - 13 years	$	249,903	$	(233,440)	$	16,463
Customer relationships	8 - 18 years	768,179		(433,876)		334,303
Distributor relationships and technology licenses	1 - 6 years	11,547		(10,133)		1,414
Definite-lived trademark and trade name	2 - 9 years	57,694		(43,489)		14,205
Core technology	10 years	7,192		(7,192)		—
Non-compete agreements	3 years	292		(292)		—
Capitalized software	3 years	3,317		(3,317)		—
Other	1 - 20 years	1,208		(1,002)		206
		$	1,099,332	$	(732,741)	$	366,591

Amortization included as cost of product revenue consists of amortization of developed technology, distributor relationships and technology licenses, core technology and software. Amortization included as operating expense consists of all other intangible assets. The following table provides a summary of amortization expense for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Amortization of intangible assets included as:
Cost of product revenue	$	1,909	$	2,628	$	3,826	$	5,281
Operating expense	12,555		13,806		25,267		27,692
	$	14,464	$	16,434	$	29,093	$	32,973

The following is the expected future amortization expense at September 30, 2023 for the fiscal years ending March 31 (in thousands):

2024 (remaining six months)	$	28,838
2025	50,679
2026	46,326
2027	43,450
2028	40,495
Thereafter	126,657
	$	336,445

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DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

NetScout operates internationally and, in the normal course of business, is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The exposures result from costs that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, primarily the Euro, British Pound, Canadian Dollar, and Indian Rupee. The Company manages its foreign cash flow risk by hedging forecasted cash flows for operating expenses denominated in foreign currencies for up to twelve months, within specified guidelines through the use of forward contracts. The Company enters into foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge cash flow exposures from costs that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. These hedges are designated as cash flow hedges at inception.

NetScout also periodically enters into forward contracts to manage exchange rate risks associated with certain third-party transactions and for which the Company does not elect hedge accounting treatment as there is no difference in the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument and the hedged item.

All of the Company's derivative instruments are utilized for risk management purposes, and the Company does not use derivatives for speculative trading purposes. These contracts will mature over the next twelve months and are expected to impact earnings on or before maturity.

The notional amounts and fair values of derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Notional Amounts (a)				Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets				Accrued Other
	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Forward contracts	$	10,384	$	10,265	$	5	$	59	$	230	$	29
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Forward contracts	—		6,031		—		—		—		20
					$	5	$	59	$	230	$	49

(a) Notional amounts represent the gross contract/notional amount of the derivatives outstanding.

The following table provides the effect that foreign exchange forward contracts designated as hedging instruments had on other comprehensive income (OCI) and results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative (a)				Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (b)
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		Location	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Forward contracts	$	(349)	$	(999)	Research and development	$	(3)	$	17
					Sales and marketing	(38)		197
	$	(349)	$	(999)		$	(41)	$	214

(a)The amount represents the change in fair value of derivative contracts due to changes in spot rates.

(b)The amount represents reclassification from other comprehensive income to earnings that occurs when the hedged item affects earnings.

The following table provides the effect that foreign exchange forward contracts designated as hedging instruments had on other comprehensive income (OCI) and results of operations for the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative (a)				Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (b)
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		Location	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Forward contracts	$	(139)	$	(1,193)	Research and development	$	(2)	$	20
					Sales and marketing	(113)		354
	$	(139)	$	(1,193)		$	(115)	$	374

(a)The amount represents the change in fair value of derivative contracts due to changes in spot rates.

(b)The amount represents reclassification from other comprehensive income to earnings that occurs when the hedged item affects earnings.

The following table provides the effect that foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments had on the Company's results of operations for the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Gain Recognized in Income (a)
	Location	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Forward contracts	General and administrative	$	60	$	—
		$	60	$	—

(a)The amount represents the change in fair value of derivative contracts due to changes in spot rates.

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LONG-TERM DEBT

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

LONG-TERM DEBT

LONG-TERM DEBT

On July 27, 2021, the Company amended and extended its existing credit facility (as amended, the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) with a syndicate of lenders by and among: the Company; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (JPMorgan), as administrative agent and collateral agent; JPMorgan, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, BofA Securities Inc., RBC Capital Markets, PNC Capital Markets LLC and Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners; Santander Bank, N.A., U.S. Bank National Association, Fifth Third Bank National Association, Silicon Valley Bank and TD Bank, N.A., as co-documentation agents; and the lenders party thereto.

The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a five-year, $800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, including a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $75.0 million. The Company may elect to use the credit facility for general corporate purposes (including to finance the repurchase of shares of the Company's common stock). The commitments under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will expire on July 27, 2026, and any outstanding loans will be due on that date. At September 30, 2023, $100 million was outstanding under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

On February 22, 2023, the Company entered into a First Amendment Agreement (First Amendment) of its Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with its syndicate of lenders. The Company entered into the First Amendment in order to remove and replace the LIBOR-based interest rate benchmark provisions for U.S. dollar-denominated loans with interest rate benchmark provisions for U.S. dollar-denominated loans based on a term secured overnight financing rate (SOFR).

The First Amendment provides that U.S. dollar-denominated advances under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will bear interest at a term SOFR rate plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% or an Alternate Base Rate (defined in a customary manner), at the option of the Company, plus a margin that ranges from 1.00% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 2.00% per annum for term SOFR loans if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00, down to 0% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 1.00% per annum for term SOFR loans if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.50 to 1.00. For the period from the delivery of the Company's financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, until the Company has delivered financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the applicable margin will be 1.00% per annum for Term Benchmark Revolving loans and 0% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans, and thereafter the applicable margin will vary depending on the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio, ranging from 1.00% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 2.00% per annum for Term Benchmark Revolving loans if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00, down to 0% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 1.00% per annum for Term Benchmark Revolving loans if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.50 to 1.00.

The Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is the ratio of its consolidated total debt compared to its consolidated EBITDA as defined in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (adjusted consolidated EBITDA). Adjusted consolidated EBITDA includes certain adjustments, including, without limitation, adjustments relating to extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring charges, certain restructuring charges, non-cash charges, certain transaction costs and expenses and certain pro forma adjustments in connection with material acquisitions and dispositions, all as set forth in detail in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

Commitment fees will accrue on the daily unused amount of the credit facility. For the period from the delivery of the Company's financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, until the Company has delivered financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the commitment fee will be 0.15% per annum, and thereafter the commitment fee will vary depending on the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio, ranging from 0.30% per annum if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is greater than 2.75 to 1.00, down to 0.15% per annum if the Company's consolidated gross leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.50 to 1.00.

Letter of credit participation fees are payable to each lender providing the letter of credit sub-facility on the amount of such lender's letter of credit exposure, during the period from the closing date of the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to, but excluding, the date which is the later of (i) the date on which such lender's commitment terminates or (ii) the date on which such lender ceases to have any letter of credit exposure, at a rate per annum equal to the applicable margin for term SOFR loans assuming such loans were outstanding during the period. Additionally, the Company will pay a fronting fee to each issuing bank in amounts to be agreed to between the Company and the applicable issuing bank.

Interest on Alternate Base Rate loans is payable at the end of each calendar quarter. Interest on term SOFR loans is payable at the end of each interest rate period or at the end of each three-month interval within an interest rate period if the period is longer than three months. The Company may also prepay loans under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement at any time, without penalty, subject to certain notice requirements.

The loans and other obligations under the credit facility are (a) guaranteed by each of the Company's wholly-owned material domestic restricted subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, and (b) are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and the subsidiary guarantors, including a pledge of all the capital stock of material subsidiaries held directly by the Borrower and the subsidiary guarantors (which pledge, in the case of any foreign subsidiary, is limited to 65% of the voting stock), subject to certain customary exceptions and limitations. The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement generally prohibits any other liens on the assets of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions as described in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain covenants applicable to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, including, without limitation, limitations on additional indebtedness, liens, various fundamental changes, dividends and distributions, investments (including acquisitions), transactions with affiliates, asset sales, including sale-leaseback transactions, speculative hedge agreements, payment of junior financing, changes in business and other limitations customary in senior secured credit facilities. The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a certain consolidated net leverage ratio and removes the previous requirement under the Company's previous amended credit agreement that the Company maintain a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio. The Company's consolidated net leverage ratio is the ratio of its Consolidated Total Debt minus the lesser of unrestricted cash and 125% of adjusted consolidated EBITDA compared to its adjusted consolidated EBITDA. The Company's maximum consolidated net leverage ratio is 4.00 to 1.00. These covenants and limitations are more fully described in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. At September 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants, including the specified total consolidated net leverage ratio range of 4.00 to 1.00.

The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides that events of default will exist in certain circumstances, including failure to make payment of principal or interest on the loans when required, failure to perform certain obligations under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and related documents including a failure to meet the maximum total consolidated net leverage ratio covenant, defaults under certain other indebtedness, certain insolvency events, certain events arising under ERISA, a change of control and certain other events. Upon an event of default, the administrative agent with the consent of, or at the request of, the holders of more than 50% in principal amount of the loans and commitments, may terminate the commitments and accelerate the maturity of the loans and enforce certain other remedies under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and the other loan documents.

The Company had unamortized capitalized debt issuance costs, net of $3.1 million at September 30, 2023, which are being amortized over the life of the revolving credit facility. The unamortized capitalized debt issuance costs balance of $1.1 million was included as prepaid expenses and other current assets and a balance of $2.0 million was included as other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2023.

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RESTRUCTURING CHARGES	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
RESTRUCTURING CHARGES	RESTRUCTURING CHARGESDuring the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, the Company restructured certain departments to better align functions resulting in the termination of eighteen employees. As a result of the workforce reduction, during the six months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded a restructuring charge totaling $1.8 million related to one-time employee-related termination benefits for the employees that were notified of their termination during the period. The one-time termination benefits were paid in full during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023.

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LEASES

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

LEASES

LEASESThe Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Right-of-use (ROU) assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the duration of the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the Company's contractual obligation to make lease payments over the lease term. The Company's policy is to combine lease and non-lease components and to not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are classified as short-term leases. ROU assets are recorded and recognized at commencement for the lease liability amount,

plus initial direct costs incurred less lease incentives received. Lease liabilities are recorded at the present value of future lease payments over the lease term at commencement. The discount rate used is generally the Company's estimated incremental borrowing rate unless the lessor's implicit rate is readily determinable. Incremental borrowing rates are calculated periodically to estimate the rate the Company would pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value over a similar term. Lease expenses relating to operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company has operating leases for administrative, research and development, sales and marketing and manufacturing facilities and equipment under various non-cancelable lease agreements. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 1 year to 8 years. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease where it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options. The Company considers several economic factors when making this determination, including but not limited to, the significance of leasehold improvements incurred in the office space, the difficulty in replacing the asset, underlying contractual obligations, or specific characteristics unique to a particular lease. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company has an obligation to return certain leased facilities to their original condition at the end of the respective lease term. These obligations were not material to the Company's financial statements for all periods presented.

Most of the Company's lease agreements contain variable payments, primarily for common area maintenance (CAM), which are expensed as incurred and not included in the measurement of the ROU assets and lease liabilities.

The components of operating lease cost for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Lease cost under long-term operating leases	$	3,047	$	3,084	$	6,087	$	6,207
Lease cost under short-term operating leases	434		1,204		838		1,978
Variable lease cost under short-term and long-term operating leases	1,185		873		2,200		1,856
Total operating lease cost	$	4,666	$	5,161	$	9,125	$	10,041

The table below presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases during the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	857	$	493

At September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term in years and weighted average discount rate were as follows:

	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Weighted average remaining lease term in years - operating leases	5.69		6.07
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	4.2	%	4.2	%

Future minimum payments under non-cancellable leases at September 30, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

Year ending March 31:
2024 (remaining six months)	$	6,177
2025	13,203
2026	11,295
2027	8,315
2028	7,267
Thereafter	15,763
Total lease payments	$	62,020
Less imputed interest	(6,695)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	55,325

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

From time to time, NetScout is subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate expense with respect to any current legal proceedings and claims, if determined adversely, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

As previously disclosed, in March 2016, Packet Intelligence LLC (Packet Intelligence or Plaintiff) filed a Complaint against NetScout and two subsidiary entities in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas asserting infringement of five United States patents. Plaintiff's Complaint alleged that legacy Tektronix GeoProbe products, including the G10 and GeoBlade products, infringed these patents. NetScout filed an Answer denying Plaintiff's allegations and asserting that Plaintiff's patents were, among other things, invalid, not infringed, and unenforceable due to inequitable conduct. In October 2017, a jury trial was held to address the parties' claims and counterclaims regarding infringement of three patents by the G10 and GeoBlade products, invalidity of these patents, and damages. In October 2017, the jury rendered a verdict finding in favor of the Plaintiff and that Plaintiff was entitled to $3.5 million for pre-suit damages and $2.3 million for post-suit damages. The jury indicated that the awarded damages amounts were intended to reflect a running royalty. In September 2018, the Court entered judgment and "enhanced" the jury verdict in the amount of $2.8 million as a result of a jury finding. The judgment also awarded pre- and post-judgment interest, and a running royalty on the G10 and GeoBlade products until the expiration of the patents at issue, the last date being June 2022. Following the entry of final judgment, NetScout appealed, and in July 2020, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit) issued a decision vacating the $3.5 million pre-suit damages award, affirming the $2.3 million post-suit damages award, vacating the $2.8 million enhancement award, and remanding to the district court to determine what, if any, enhancement should be awarded. In March 2021, NetScout filed a petition for a writ of certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, which was subsequently denied, challenging, among other issues, the basis for enhanced damages and the patentability of the claimed technology. In addition, on September 8 and 9, 2021, in proceedings initiated by third parties that did not involve NetScout, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) invalidated all the patent claims that were also asserted against NetScout in this case. After the PTAB decisions were issued, NetScout moved, among other things, to dismiss the case and enter judgment in its favor on the grounds that the PTAB decisions invalidating the asserted claims precluded Plaintiff from continuing to assert its patent infringement causes of action and from seeking damages from NetScout. The District Court denied NetScout’s motion with respect to its request to dismiss the case and enter judgment in its favor, but in response to alternative requests for relief requested by NetScout, "enhanced" the jury verdict in the amount of $1.1 million and also lowered the ongoing royalty rate on the G10 and GeoBlade products. The District Court entered an amended final judgment awarding Plaintiff $2.3 million in post-suit damages, $1.1 million in enhanced damages, pre- and post-judgment interest, and a running royalty on the G10 and GeoBlade products until the expiration of the patents at issue, the last expiration date being June 2022. On July 20, 2022, NetScout filed a notice of appeal to the Federal Circuit from, among other things, the amended final judgment. The enforcement of the amended judgment is stayed pending the resolution of the appeal. In view of the current circumstances, and if the post-suit and enhanced damages award along with the associated interest and royalties survive the recent PTAB invalidation decisions and NetScout's appeal, NetScout has concluded that the risk of loss associated with such damages award remains "probable" in accounting terms, and that the risk of loss associated with pre-suit damages is remote.

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PENSION BENEFIT PLANS

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

PENSION BENEFIT PLANS

PENSION BENEFIT PLANS

Certain of the Company's non-U.S. employees participate in noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. None of the Company's employees in the U.S. participate in any noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. In general, these plans are funded based on considerations relating to legal requirements, underlying asset returns, the plan's funded status, the anticipated deductibility of the contribution, local practices, market conditions, interest rates and other factors.

The following sets forth the components of the Company's net periodic pension cost of the noncontributory defined benefit pension plans for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Service cost	$	19	$	41	$	39	$	86
Interest cost	46		84		96		176
Net periodic pension cost	$	65	$	125	$	135	$	262

Expected Contributions

During the six months ended September 30, 2023, the Company made contributions of $0.3 million to its defined benefit pension plans. During the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024, the Company's cash contribution requirements for its defined benefit pension plans are expected to be less than $1.0 million. As a majority of the participants within the Company's plans are all active employees, the benefit payments are not expected to be material in the foreseeable future.

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TREASURY STOCK

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

TREASURY STOCK

TREASURY STOCK

On October 24, 2017, the Company's Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program that enabled the Company to repurchase up to twenty-five million shares of its common stock (2017 Share Repurchase Program). The Company was not obligated to acquire any specific amount of common stock within any particular timeframe as a result of this share repurchase program. Through September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased a total of 24,908,624 shares for $691.6 million in the open market under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program, and at September 30, 2023, 91,376 shares of common stock remained available to be purchased under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. The Company repurchased 1,117,777 shares for $31.2 million during the six months ended September 30, 2023 under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program.

On May 3, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program that enables the Company to repurchase up to twenty-five million shares of its common stock (2022 Share Repurchase Program). The 2022 Share Repurchase Program will become effective once the 2017 Share Repurchase Program is completed. The Company is not obligated to acquire any specific amount of common stock within any particular timeframe as a result of the 2022 Share Repurchase Program.

On May 9, 2022, the Company entered into accelerated share repurchase (ASR) agreements with Mizuho Markets Americas LLC (Mizuho) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (Wells Fargo) (collectively, the Dealers) to repurchase an aggregate of $150 million of the Company's common stock via accelerated stock repurchase transactions under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. Under the terms of the ASR, the Company made a $75 million payment to each of the Dealers on May 10, 2022, and received an initial delivery of 1,627,907 shares from each of the Dealers, or 3,255,814 shares in the aggregate, which was approximately 70 percent of the total number of shares of the Company's common stock expected to be repurchased under the ASR agreements. These shares reduced the number of shares of the Company's common stock available for repurchase under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. Final settlement of the ASR agreements was completed in November 2022. As a result, the Company received an additional 651,213 shares from Mizuho and 642,302 shares from Wells Fargo, or 1,293,515 shares in the aggregate, for $47.9 million, which reduced the number of shares of the Company's common stock available to be repurchased under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. In total, 4,549,329 shares of the Company's common stock were repurchased under the ASR agreements at an average cost per share of $32.97 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023.

In connection with the delivery of shares of the Company's common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, the Company withheld 624,941 shares and 550,602 shares at a cost of $18.7 million and $19.0 million, respectively, related to minimum statutory tax withholding requirements on these restricted stock units during the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These withholding transactions do not fall under the share repurchase programs described above, and therefore do not reduce the number of shares that are available for repurchase under those programs.

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NET INCOME PER SHARE

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

NET INCOME PER SHARE

NET INCOME PER SHARE

Calculations of the basic and diluted net income per share and potential common shares are as follows (in thousands, except for per share data):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income	$	21,462	$	17,383	$	17,262	$	10,251
Denominator:
Denominator for basic net income per share - weighted average common shares outstanding	72,112		71,856		71,828		72,152
Dilutive common equivalent shares:
Weighted average restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units	685		1,035		1,010		1,342
Denominator for diluted net income per share - weighted average shares outstanding	72,797		72,891		72,838		73,494
Net income per share:
Basic net income per share	$	0.30	$	0.24	$	0.24	$	0.14
Diluted net income per share	$	0.29	$	0.24	$	0.24	$	0.14

The following table sets forth restricted stock units excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share, since their inclusion would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Restricted stock units	3,859	1,755	4,000	1,430

Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Unvested restricted shares, although legally issued and outstanding, are not considered outstanding for purposes of calculating basic earnings per share. Diluted net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect, if any, of outstanding stock options, restricted shares and restricted stock units using the treasury stock method. The calculation of the dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards under the treasury stock method includes consideration of proceeds from the assumed exercise of stock options and unrecognized compensation expense as additional proceeds.

The delivery of approximately 3.3 million shares under the Company's ASR agreements reduced the Company's outstanding shares used to determine the weighted average common shares outstanding for purposes of calculating basic and diluted earnings per share for the six months ended September 30, 2022. See Note 16 for additional information.

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INCOME TAXES

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

Generally, the Company's effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate primarily due to foreign withholding taxes and U.S. taxation on foreign earnings, which are partially offset by research and development tax credits and the foreign derived intangible income deduction.

The Company's effective tax rates were 21.9% and 10.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 differed from the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to the impact of U.S. taxation of foreign earnings and the foreign derived intangible income deduction relative to forecasted profits, and a discrete provision from the gain on divestiture.

The Company's effective tax rates were 22.0% and 15.3% for the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended September 30, 2023 differed from the effective tax rate for the six months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to the impact of U.S. taxation of foreign earnings and the foreign derived intangible income deduction relative to forecasted profits, and a discrete provision from the gain on divestiture.

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SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company reports revenues and income under one reportable segment.

The Company manages its business in the following geographic areas: United States, Europe, Asia and the rest of the world. The Company's policies mandate compliance with economic sanctions and the export controls.

Total revenue by geography is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States	$	115,478	$	145,665	$	243,380	$	280,466
Europe	32,197		35,322		66,168		69,087
Asia	14,711		15,511		30,725		29,186
Rest of the world	34,416		31,583		67,667		58,154
	$	196,802	$	228,081	$	407,940	$	436,893

The United States revenue includes sales to resellers in the United States. These resellers fulfill customer orders and may subsequently ship the Company's products to international locations. Further, the Company determines the geography of its sales after considering where the contract originated. A majority of revenue attributable to locations outside of the United States is a result of export sales. Substantially all of the Company's identifiable assets are located in the United States.

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 21,462	$ 17,383	$ 17,262	$ 10,251

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Insider Trading Arrangements

3 Months Ended

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

shares

Sep. 30, 2023

shares

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408, except as described in the table below:

Name & Title	Date Adopted	Character of Trading Arrangement(1)	Aggregate Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Purchased or Sold Pursuant to Trading Arrangement	Duration(2)	Other Material Terms	Date Terminated
Michael Szabados, Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer	September 11, 2023	Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement	Up to 15,000 shares to be Sold	June 14, 2024	N/A	N/A

(1) Except as indicated by footnote, each trading arrangement marked as a “Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement” is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c), as amended (the “Rule”).

(2) Except as indicated by footnote, each trading arrangement permitted or permits transactions through and including the earlier to occur of (a) the completion of all purchases or sales or (b) the date listed in the table. Each trading arrangement marked as a “Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement” only permitted or only permits transactions upon expiration of the applicable mandatory cooling-off period under the Rule. Except as indicated by footnote, each arrangement also provided or provides for automatic expiration in the event of death, receipt of written notice of the closing of a merger, recapitalization, acquisition, tender or exchange offer, or other business combination or reorganization resulting in the exchange or conversion of the common stock of the Company into shares of another company, or the conversion of the common stock of the Company into rights to receive fixed amounts of cash or into debt securities and/or preferred stock (whether in whole or in part).

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Michael Szabados [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Name

Michael Szabados

Title

Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Adoption Date

September 11, 2023

Arrangement Duration

277 days

Aggregate Available

15,000

15,000

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by NetScout Systems, Inc. (NetScout or the Company). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared under United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position and stockholders' equity, results of operations and cash flows. The year-end consolidated balance sheet data and statement of stockholders' equity were derived from the Company's audited financial statements, but do not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The results reported in these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 16, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires companies to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination as if the acquiring company originated the related revenue contracts. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2021-08 was adopted on April 1, 2023. Amendments within the standard are required to be applied on a prospective basis from the date of adoption. The Company will apply the provisions of ASU 2021-08 to future acquisitions, if any.

Revenue Recognition Policy

Revenue Recognition Policy

The Company exercises judgment and uses estimates in connection with determining the amounts of product and service revenues to be recognized in each accounting period.

The Company derives revenues primarily from the sale of network management tools and cybersecurity solutions for service provider and enterprise customers, which include hardware, software, and service offerings. The Company's product sales consist of software only offerings and offerings which include hardware appliances with embedded software that are essential to providing customers the intended functionality of the solutions.

The Company accounts for revenue once a legally enforceable contract with a customer has been approved by the parties and the related promises to transfer products or services have been identified. A contract is defined by the Company as an arrangement with commercial substance identifying payment terms, each party's rights and obligations regarding the products or services to be transferred and the amount the Company deems probable of collection. Customer contracts may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether the products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as one combined performance obligation may require significant judgment. Revenue is recognized when control of the products or services are transferred to the Company's customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for products and services.

Product revenue is typically recognized upon fulfillment, provided a legally enforceable contract exists, control has passed to the customer, and in the case of software products, when the customer has the rights and ability to access the software, and collection of the related receivable is probable. If any significant obligations to the customer remain post-delivery, typically involving obligations relating to installation and acceptance by the customer, revenue recognition is deferred until such obligations have been fulfilled. The Company's service offerings include installation, integration, extended warranty and maintenance services, post-contract customer support, stand-ready software-as-a-service (SAAS) and other professional services including consulting and training. The Company generally provides software and/or hardware support as part of product sales. Revenue related to the initial bundled software and hardware support is recognized ratably over the support period. In addition, customers can elect to purchase extended support agreements for periods after the initial software/hardware warranty expiration. Support services generally include rights to unspecified upgrades (when and if available), telephone and internet-based support, updates, bug fixes and hardware repair and replacement. Consulting services are recognized upon delivery or completion of performance depending on the terms of the underlying contract. Reimbursements of out-of-pocket expenditures incurred in connection with providing consulting services are included in services revenue, with the offsetting expense recorded in cost of service revenue. Training services include on-site and classroom training. Training revenues are recognized upon delivery of the training.

Generally, the Company's contracts are accounted for individually. However, when contracts are closely interrelated and dependent on each other, it may be necessary to account for two or more contracts as one to reflect the substance of the group of contracts.

Bundled arrangements are concurrent customer purchases of a combination of the Company's product and service offerings that may be delivered at various points in time. The Company allocates the transaction price among the performance obligations in an amount that depicts the relative standalone selling prices (SSP) of each obligation. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP for each of the products and services sold, based primarily on the performance obligation's historical pricing. The Company also considers its overall pricing objectives and practices across different sales channels and geographies, and market conditions. Generally, the Company has established SSP for a majority of its service performance obligations based on historical standalone sales. In certain instances, the Company has established SSP for services based upon an estimate of profitability and the underlying cost to fulfill those services. SSP has primarily been established for product performance obligations as the average or median selling price the performance obligation was recently sold for, whether sold alone or sold as part of a bundle transaction. The Company reviews sales of the product performance obligations on a quarterly basis and updates, when appropriate, its SSP for such performance obligations to ensure that it reflects recent pricing experience. The Company's products are distributed through its direct sales force and indirect distribution channels through alliances with resellers and distributors. Revenue arrangements with resellers and distributors are recognized on a sell-in basis; that is, when control of the product transfers to the reseller or distributor. The Company records consideration given to a customer as a reduction of revenue to the extent they have recorded revenue from the customer. With limited exceptions, the Company's return policy does not allow product returns for a refund. Returns have been insignificant to date. In addition, the Company has a history of successfully collecting receivables from its resellers and distributors.

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REVENUE (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses (in thousands):

Balance at March 31, 2023	$	675
Additions resulting in charges to operations	18
Charges (recoveries) to other accounts	—
Deductions due to write-offs	(27)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	666

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-Based Compensation Expense

The following is a summary of share-based compensation expense including restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units granted pursuant to the Company's Amended 2007 Plan, the Amended 2019 Plan, and employee stock purchases made under the Company's 2011 Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), based on estimated fair values within the applicable cost and expense lines identified below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of product revenue	$	349	$	315	$	721	$	607
Cost of service revenue	2,289		2,080		4,828		3,825
Research and development	4,988		4,580		10,374		9,011
Sales and marketing	6,675		6,043		13,959		11,793
General and administrative	4,144		3,483		8,407		6,846
	$	18,445	$	16,501	$	38,289	$	32,082

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CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of marketable securities held by NetScout at September 30, 2023, classified as short-term and long-term (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Type of security:
U.S. government and municipal obligations	$	16,327	$	(56)	$	16,271
Commercial paper	18,989		—		18,989
Certificates of deposit	7,371		—		7,371
Total short-term marketable securities	42,687		(56)		42,631
U.S. government and municipal obligations	4,007		(48)		3,959
Total long-term marketable securities	4,007		(48)		3,959
Total marketable securities	$	46,694	$	(104)	$	46,590

The following is a summary of marketable securities held by NetScout at March 31, 2023, classified as short-term and long-term (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
Type of security:
U.S. government and municipal obligations	$	8,796	$	(1)	$	8,795
Commercial paper	19,136		—		19,136
Corporate bonds	310		—		310
Certificates of deposit	3,963		—		3,963
Total short-term marketable securities	32,205		(1)		32,204
U.S. government and municipal obligations	8,915		25		8,940
Total long-term marketable securities	8,915		25		8,940
Total marketable securities	$	41,120	$	24	$	41,144

Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Marketable Securities

Contractual maturities of the Company's marketable securities held at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Available-for-sale securities:
Due in 1 year or less	$	42,631	$	32,204
Due after 1 year through 5 years	3,959		8,940
	$	46,590	$	41,144

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The following tables present the Company's financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis using the fair value hierarchy at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements at
	September 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	270,901	$	9,043	$	—	$	279,944
U.S. government and municipal obligations	17,710		2,520		—		20,230
Commercial paper	—		18,989		—		18,989
Certificate of deposits	—		7,371		—		7,371
Equity investment in Napatech	6,021		—		—		6,021
Derivative financial instruments	—		5		—		5
	$	294,632	$	37,928	$	—	$	332,560
LIABILITIES:
Derivative financial instruments	$	—	$	(230)	$	—	$	(230)
	$	—	$	(230)	$	—	$	(230)

	Fair Value Measurements at
	March 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	370,455	$	16,339	$	—	$	386,794
U.S. government and municipal obligations	17,735		—		—		17,735
Commercial paper	—		19,136		—		19,136
Corporate bonds	310		—		—		310
Certificate of deposits	—		3,963		—		3,963
Derivative financial instruments	—		59		—		59
	$	388,500	$	39,497	$	—	$	427,997
LIABILITIES:
Derivative financial instruments	$	—	$	(49)	$	(1,380)	$	(1,429)
	$	—	$	(49)	$	(1,380)	$	(1,429)

Schedule of Reconciliation of Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Financial Assets

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the fair value of the Company's Level 3 financial liability for the six months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Derivative
	Instrument
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	(1,380)
Change in fair value of derivative investment	206
Settlement of derivative instrument	1,174
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	—

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INVENTORIES (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventories

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	10,533	$	12,352
Work in process	170		14
Finished goods	4,778		5,183
Deferred costs	428		407
	$	15,909	$	17,956

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended September 30, 2023 as follows (in thousands):

Balance at March 31, 2023	$	1,724,404
Foreign currency translation impact	1,859
Divestiture of a business	(4,259)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	1,722,004

Schedule of Intangible Assets

Intangible assets include the following amortizable intangible assets at September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

	Estimated Useful Life in Years	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Developed technology	3 - 13 years	$	247,769	$	(234,598)	$	13,171
Customer relationships	8 - 18 years	761,750		(451,580)		310,170
Distributor relationships and technology licenses	1 - 6 years	7,747		(6,883)		864
Definite-lived trademark and trade name	2 - 9 years	57,603		(45,559)		12,044
Core technology	10 years	7,192		(7,192)		—
Capitalized software	3 years	3,317		(3,317)		—
Other	1 - 20 years	1,208		(1,012)		196
		$	1,086,586	$	(750,141)	$	336,445

Intangible assets include the following amortizable intangible assets at March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Estimated Useful Life in Years	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Developed technology	3 - 13 years	$	249,903	$	(233,440)	$	16,463
Customer relationships	8 - 18 years	768,179		(433,876)		334,303
Distributor relationships and technology licenses	1 - 6 years	11,547		(10,133)		1,414
Definite-lived trademark and trade name	2 - 9 years	57,694		(43,489)		14,205
Core technology	10 years	7,192		(7,192)		—
Non-compete agreements	3 years	292		(292)		—
Capitalized software	3 years	3,317		(3,317)		—
Other	1 - 20 years	1,208		(1,002)		206
		$	1,099,332	$	(732,741)	$	366,591

Schedule of Finite-lived Intangible Assets Amortization Expense

The following table provides a summary of amortization expense for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Amortization of intangible assets included as:
Cost of product revenue	$	1,909	$	2,628	$	3,826	$	5,281
Operating expense	12,555		13,806		25,267		27,692
	$	14,464	$	16,434	$	29,093	$	32,973

Schedule of Expected Future Amortization Expense

The following is the expected future amortization expense at September 30, 2023 for the fiscal years ending March 31 (in thousands):

2024 (remaining six months)	$	28,838
2025	50,679
2026	46,326
2027	43,450
2028	40,495
Thereafter	126,657
	$	336,445

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DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Notional Amounts and Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on Consolidated Balance Sheet

The notional amounts and fair values of derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Notional Amounts (a)				Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets				Accrued Other
	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Forward contracts	$	10,384	$	10,265	$	5	$	59	$	230	$	29
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Forward contracts	—		6,031		—		—		—		20
					$	5	$	59	$	230	$	49

(a) Notional amounts represent the gross contract/notional amount of the derivatives outstanding.

Schedule of Effect of Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts on OCI and Results of Operations

The following table provides the effect that foreign exchange forward contracts designated as hedging instruments had on other comprehensive income (OCI) and results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative (a)				Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (b)
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		Location	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Forward contracts	$	(349)	$	(999)	Research and development	$	(3)	$	17
					Sales and marketing	(38)		197
	$	(349)	$	(999)		$	(41)	$	214

(a)The amount represents the change in fair value of derivative contracts due to changes in spot rates.

(b)The amount represents reclassification from other comprehensive income to earnings that occurs when the hedged item affects earnings.

The following table provides the effect that foreign exchange forward contracts designated as hedging instruments had on other comprehensive income (OCI) and results of operations for the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative (a)				Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (b)
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022		Location	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Forward contracts	$	(139)	$	(1,193)	Research and development	$	(2)	$	20
					Sales and marketing	(113)		354
	$	(139)	$	(1,193)		$	(115)	$	374

(a)The amount represents the change in fair value of derivative contracts due to changes in spot rates.

(b)The amount represents reclassification from other comprehensive income to earnings that occurs when the hedged item affects earnings.

The following table provides the effect that foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments had on the Company's results of operations for the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Gain Recognized in Income (a)
	Location	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Forward contracts	General and administrative	$	60	$	—
		$	60	$	—

(a)The amount represents the change in fair value of derivative contracts due to changes in spot rates.

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LEASES (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Components of Operating Lease Cost and Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The components of operating lease cost for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Lease cost under long-term operating leases	$	3,047	$	3,084	$	6,087	$	6,207
Lease cost under short-term operating leases	434		1,204		838		1,978
Variable lease cost under short-term and long-term operating leases	1,185		873		2,200		1,856
Total operating lease cost	$	4,666	$	5,161	$	9,125	$	10,041

The table below presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases during the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	857	$	493

At September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term in years and weighted average discount rate were as follows:

	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Weighted average remaining lease term in years - operating leases	5.69		6.07
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	4.2	%	4.2	%

Summary of Future Minimum Payments Under Non-Cancellable Leases

Future minimum payments under non-cancellable leases at September 30, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

Year ending March 31:
2024 (remaining six months)	$	6,177
2025	13,203
2026	11,295
2027	8,315
2028	7,267
Thereafter	15,763
Total lease payments	$	62,020
Less imputed interest	(6,695)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	55,325

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PENSION BENEFIT PLANS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Periodic Pension Costs of Noncontributory Defined Benefit Pension Plans

The following sets forth the components of the Company's net periodic pension cost of the noncontributory defined benefit pension plans for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Service cost	$	19	$	41	$	39	$	86
Interest cost	46		84		96		176
Net periodic pension cost	$	65	$	125	$	135	$	262

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NET INCOME PER SHARE (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Calculations of the Basic and Diluted Net Income Per Share and Potential Common Shares

Calculations of the basic and diluted net income per share and potential common shares are as follows (in thousands, except for per share data):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income	$	21,462	$	17,383	$	17,262	$	10,251
Denominator:
Denominator for basic net income per share - weighted average common shares outstanding	72,112		71,856		71,828		72,152
Dilutive common equivalent shares:
Weighted average restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units	685		1,035		1,010		1,342
Denominator for diluted net income per share - weighted average shares outstanding	72,797		72,891		72,838		73,494
Net income per share:
Basic net income per share	$	0.30	$	0.24	$	0.24	$	0.14
Diluted net income per share	$	0.29	$	0.24	$	0.24	$	0.14

Summary of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Income Per Share

The following table sets forth restricted stock units excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share, since their inclusion would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Restricted stock units	3,859	1,755	4,000	1,430

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SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary of Total Revenue by Geography

Total revenue by geography is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States	$	115,478	$	145,665	$	243,380	$	280,466
Europe	32,197		35,322		66,168		69,087
Asia	14,711		15,511		30,725		29,186
Rest of the world	34,416		31,583		67,667		58,154
	$	196,802	$	228,081	$	407,940	$	436,893

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | Line of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Current borrowing capacity	$ 700

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REVENUE - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue recognized			$ 201.3
Deferred revenue	$ 394.3		394.3
Unrecognized accounts receivable and deferred revenue	4.1		4.1		$ 6.6
Capitalized contract cost	9.3		9.3		9.4
Amortization of capitalized costs to obtain contracts	1.7	$ 1.7	3.4	$ 3.5
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Capitalized contract cost	4.7		4.7		4.7
Other Assets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Capitalized contract cost	$ 4.6		$ 4.6		$ 4.7
Minimum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Payment terms			30 days
Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Payment terms			90 days

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REVENUE - Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 275.0
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, percentage	70.00%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 119.3
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, percentage	30.00%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period

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REVENUE - Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses, beginning balance	$ 675
Additions resulting in charges to operations	18
Charges (recoveries) to other accounts	0
Deductions due to write-offs	(27)
Allowance for credit losses, ending balance	$ 666

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details) - $ / shares				3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 14, 2023	Aug. 24, 2022	Sep. 10, 2020	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Award performance measurement period					3 years
ESPP
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares)				209,791	209,791
Percentage of common stock price for employees					85.00%
Share price (in dollars per share)				$ 28.63	$ 28.63
2019 Amended Plan
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Number of new shares (in shares)	5,900,000	7,000,000	4,700,000
Number of shares reserved for issuance (in shares)	8,263,547
Shares issued (in shares)	5,900,000
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)	2,363,547			8,141,536	8,141,536
2019 Amended Plan | Minimum
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based awards generally vesting years			1 year

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 18,445	$ 16,501	$ 38,289	$ 32,082
Cost of product revenue
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	349	315	721	607
Cost of service revenue
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	2,289	2,080	4,828	3,825
Research and development
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	4,988	4,580	10,374	9,011
Sales and marketing
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	6,675	6,043	13,959	11,793
General and administrative
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 4,144	$ 3,483	$ 8,407	$ 6,846

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CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS- Summary of Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 46,694	$ 41,120
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(104)	24
Fair Value	46,590	41,144
Short-term Marketable Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	42,687	32,205
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(56)	(1)
Fair Value	42,631	32,204
Long-term Marketable Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	4,007	8,915
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(48)	25
Fair Value	3,959	8,940
U.S. government and municipal obligations
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Fair Value	20,230	17,735
U.S. government and municipal obligations | Short-term Marketable Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	16,327	8,796
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(56)	(1)
Fair Value	16,271	8,795
U.S. government and municipal obligations | Long-term Marketable Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	4,007	8,915
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(48)	25
Fair Value	3,959	8,940
Commercial paper
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Fair Value	18,989	19,136
Commercial paper | Short-term Marketable Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	18,989	19,136
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	0	0
Fair Value	18,989	19,136
Corporate bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Fair Value		310
Corporate bonds | Short-term Marketable Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost		310
Unrealized Gains (Losses)		0
Fair Value		310
Certificates of deposit
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Fair Value	7,371	3,963
Certificates of deposit | Short-term Marketable Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	7,371	3,963
Unrealized Gains (Losses)	0	0
Fair Value	$ 7,371	$ 3,963

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CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS - Summary of Contractual Maturities of Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Available-for-sale securities:
Due in 1 year or less	$ 42,631	$ 32,204
Due after 1 year through 5 years	3,959	8,940
Available-for-sale Securities	$ 46,590	$ 41,144

XML

CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions		1 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Change in fair value of derivative investment				$ (0.2)
Foreign Exchange Forward
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Number of shares acquired (in shares)	6.2	6.2	6.2
Payment for common stock	$ 7.5	$ 6.2	$ 7.5
Fair value				6.0
Change in fair value of derivative investment				$ 0.1

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Schedule of Financial Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 279,944	$ 386,794
Available-for-sale securities	46,590	41,144
Equity investment in Napatech	6,021
Derivative financial instruments	5	59
Total assets	332,560	427,997
LIABILITIES:
Derivative financial instruments	(230)	(1,429)
Total liabilities	(230)	(1,429)
U.S. government and municipal obligations
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities	20,230	17,735
Commercial paper
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities	18,989	19,136
Corporate bonds
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities		310
Certificate of deposits
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities	7,371	3,963
Level 1
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	270,901	370,455
Equity investment in Napatech	6,021
Derivative financial instruments	0	0
Total assets	294,632	388,500
LIABILITIES:
Derivative financial instruments	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Level 1 | U.S. government and municipal obligations
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities	17,710	17,735
Level 1 | Commercial paper
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Level 1 | Corporate bonds
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities		310
Level 1 | Certificate of deposits
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Level 2
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	9,043	16,339
Equity investment in Napatech	0
Derivative financial instruments	5	59
Total assets	37,928	39,497
LIABILITIES:
Derivative financial instruments	(230)	(49)
Total liabilities	(230)	(49)
Level 2 | U.S. government and municipal obligations
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities	2,520	0
Level 2 | Commercial paper
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities	18,989	19,136
Level 2 | Corporate bonds
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities		0
Level 2 | Certificate of deposits
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities	7,371	3,963
Level 3
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Equity investment in Napatech	0
Derivative financial instruments	0	0
Total assets	0	0
LIABILITIES:
Derivative financial instruments	0	(1,380)
Total liabilities	0	(1,380)
Level 3 | U.S. government and municipal obligations
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Level 3 | Commercial paper
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Level 3 | Corporate bonds
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities		0
Level 3 | Certificate of deposits
ASSETS:
Available-for-sale securities	$ 0	$ 0

XML

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions		1 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Feb. 28, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Decrease in fair value of derivative instrument				$ 0.2
Foreign Exchange Forward
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Number of shares acquired (in shares)	6.2	6.2	6.2
Payment for common stock	$ 7.5	$ 6.2	$ 7.5
Decrease in fair value of derivative instrument				$ (0.1)

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Reconciliation of Changes in Level 3 Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at March 31, 2023	$ (1,380)
Change in fair value of derivative investment	206
Settlement of derivative instrument	1,174
Balance at September 30, 2023	$ 0

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INVENTORIES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 10,533	$ 12,352
Work in process	170	14
Finished goods	4,778	5,183
Deferred costs	428	407
Total inventories	$ 15,909	$ 17,956

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DIVESTITURES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 08, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Proceeds from divestiture of a business				$ 8,283	$ 0
Gain on divestiture		$ 3,806	$ 0	3,806	$ 0
TO Business | Disposed of by Sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Proceeds from divestiture of a business	$ 8,300
Gain on divestiture		$ 3,800		$ 3,800

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) reporting_unit	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Number of reporting units | reporting_unit	1
Goodwill	$ 1,722,004	$ 1,724,404
Carrying value of intangible assets	$ 336,445	$ 366,591

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Schedule of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at March 31, 2023	$ 1,724,404
Foreign currency translation impact	1,859
Divestiture of a business	(4,259)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$ 1,722,004

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Schedule of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	$ 1,086,586	$ 1,099,332
Accumulated Amortization	(750,141)	(732,741)
Net	336,445	366,591
Developed technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	247,769	249,903
Accumulated Amortization	(234,598)	(233,440)
Net	$ 13,171	$ 16,463
Developed technology | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	3 years	3 years
Developed technology | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	13 years	13 years
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	$ 761,750	$ 768,179
Accumulated Amortization	(451,580)	(433,876)
Net	$ 310,170	$ 334,303
Customer relationships | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	8 years	8 years
Customer relationships | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	18 years	18 years
Distributor relationships and technology licenses
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	$ 7,747	$ 11,547
Accumulated Amortization	(6,883)	(10,133)
Net	$ 864	$ 1,414
Distributor relationships and technology licenses | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	1 year	1 year
Distributor relationships and technology licenses | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	6 years	6 years
Definite-lived trademark and trade name
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	$ 57,603	$ 57,694
Accumulated Amortization	(45,559)	(43,489)
Net	$ 12,044	$ 14,205
Definite-lived trademark and trade name | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	2 years	2 years
Definite-lived trademark and trade name | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	9 years	9 years
Core technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	10 years	10 years
Cost	$ 7,192	$ 7,192
Accumulated Amortization	(7,192)	(7,192)
Net	$ 0	$ 0
Non-compete agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years		3 years
Cost		$ 292
Accumulated Amortization		(292)
Net		$ 0
Capitalized software
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	3 years	3 years
Cost	$ 3,317	$ 3,317
Accumulated Amortization	(3,317)	(3,317)
Net	0	0
Other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	1,208	1,208
Accumulated Amortization	(1,012)	(1,002)
Net	$ 196	$ 206
Other | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	1 year	1 year
Other | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	20 years	20 years

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Schedule of Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	$ 14,464	$ 16,434	$ 29,093	$ 32,973
Cost of product revenue
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	1,909	2,628	3,826	5,281
Operating expense
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	$ 12,555	$ 13,806	$ 25,267	$ 27,692

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Schedule of Expected Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024 (remaining six months)	$ 28,838
2025	50,679
2026	46,326
2027	43,450
2028	40,495
Thereafter	126,657
Net	$ 336,445	$ 366,591

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DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES - Narrative (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Managing period of hedging forecasted cash flows for operating expenses denominated in foreign currencies	12 months
Contract maturity period	12 months

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DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES - Summary of Notional Amounts and Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on Consolidated Balance Sheet (Details) - Forward contracts - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	$ 5	$ 59
Accrued Other	230	49
Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amounts	10,384	10,265
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	5	59
Accrued Other	230	29
Designated as not Hedging Instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Notional Amounts	0	6,031
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	0	0
Accrued Other	$ 0	$ 20

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DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES - Summary of Effect of Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts on Other Comprehensive Income and Results of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain Recognized in Income			$ 60	$ 0
Forward contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative	$ (349)	$ (999)	(139)	(1,193)
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	(41)	214	(115)	374
Gain Recognized in Income			60	0
Forward contracts | Research and development
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivative	(349)	(999)	(139)	(1,193)
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	(3)	17	(2)	20
Forward contracts | Sales and marketing
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	$ (38)	$ 197	$ (113)	$ 354

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LONG-TERM DEBT- Narrative (Details) - Line of Credit		6 Months Ended
	Jul. 27, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term	5 years
Credit facility	$ 800,000,000
Amount outstanding under credit facility		$ 100,000,000
Commitment fee percentage		0.15%
Adjusted consolidated EBITDA percentage	125.00%
Maximum leverage ratio	4.00	4.00
Debt default, acceleration clause, required consent percentage	50.00%
Unamortized debt issuance costs		$ 3,100,000
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized debt issuance costs		1,100,000
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | Other Assets
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized debt issuance costs		$ 2,000,000
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Leverage ratio		3.50
Commitment fee percentage		0.30%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum | Foreign Subsidiaries
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Voting stock pledge limit for any foreign subsidiary	65.00%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Leverage ratio		1.50
Commitment fee percentage		0.15%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate in excess of effective rate		0.10%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | SOFR | Debt Instrument, Covenant, Leverage Ratio 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate in excess of effective rate		2.00%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | SOFR | Debt Instrument, Covenant, Leverage Ratio 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate in excess of effective rate		1.00%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | LIBOR | LIBOR Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate in excess of effective rate		1.00%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | LIBOR | LIBOR Loans | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate in excess of effective rate		2.00%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | LIBOR | LIBOR Loans | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate in excess of effective rate		1.00%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | Base Rate | Debt Instrument, Covenant, Leverage Ratio 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate in excess of effective rate		1.00%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | Base Rate | Debt Instrument, Covenant, Leverage Ratio 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate in excess of effective rate		0.00%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | Base Rate | Base Rate Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate in excess of effective rate		0.00%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | Base Rate | Base Rate Loans | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate in excess of effective rate		1.00%
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility | Base Rate | Base Rate Loans | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate in excess of effective rate		0.00%
Letter of Credit Sub-facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility	$ 75,000,000
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility Leverage Ratio Terms Two | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Leverage ratio		2.75
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility Leverage Ratio Terms Two | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Leverage ratio		1.50

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RESTRUCTURING CHARGES - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 employee	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges	$ 0	$ (60)		$ 0	$ 1,714
One-time Termination Benefits
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Number of employees terminated | employee			18
Restructuring charges					$ 1,800

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LEASES - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023
Minimum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Remaining lease terms	1 year
Maximum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Remaining lease terms	8 years

XML

LEASES - Operating Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Lease cost under long-term operating leases	$ 3,047	$ 3,084	$ 6,087	$ 6,207
Lease cost under short-term operating leases	434	1,204	838	1,978
Variable lease cost under short-term and long-term operating leases	1,185	873	2,200	1,856
Total operating lease cost	$ 4,666	$ 5,161	$ 9,125	$ 10,041

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LEASES - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 857	$ 493
Weighted average remaining lease term in years - operating leases	5 years 8 months 8 days		6 years 25 days
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	4.20%		4.20%

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LEASES - Future Minimum Payments Under Non-Cancellable Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2024 (remaining six months)	$ 6,177
2025	13,203
2026	11,295
2027	8,315
2028	7,267
Thereafter	15,763
Total lease payments	62,020
Less imputed interest	(6,695)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 55,325

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2017 USD ($) patent	Mar. 31, 2016 subsidiary patent	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of subsidiary entities | subsidiary				2
Number of patents allegedly infringed | patent			3	5
Damages sought		$ 1.1
Pre-suit Damages
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Damages sought	$ 3.5		$ 3.5
Post-suit Damages
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Damages sought	$ 2.3		$ 2.3
Enhancement Award
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Damages sought		$ 2.8			$ 1.1

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PENSION BENEFIT PLANS - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) employee
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Contributions to defined benefit pension plans	$ 0.3
Expected cash contribution requirements for defined benefit pension plans, less than	$ 1.0
United States
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of employees participating in noncontributory defined benefit pension plans | employee	0

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PENSION BENEFIT PLANS - Net Periodic Pension Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Service cost	$ 19	$ 41	$ 39	$ 86
Interest cost	46	84	96	176
Net periodic pension cost	$ 65	$ 125	$ 135	$ 262

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TREASURY STOCK- Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended	71 Months Ended
	May 10, 2022	Nov. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	May 09, 2022	May 03, 2022	Oct. 24, 2017
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Value of shares repurchased			$ 31,137,000	$ 150,039,000
Restricted Stock Units
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Shares paid for tax withholding (in shares)			624,941	550,602
Cost related to tax withholding			$ 18,700,000	$ 19,000,000
Share Repurchase Program, October 2017
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Stock authorized to repurchase under stock repurchase program (in shares)									25,000,000
Shares repurchased during the period (in shares)			1,117,777			24,908,624
Shares repurchased						$ 691,600,000
Stock remaining to be purchased (in shares)			91,376			91,376
Value of shares repurchased			$ 31,200,000
Share Repurchase Program, May 2022
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Stock authorized to repurchase under stock repurchase program (in shares)								25,000,000
ASR Program
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Shares repurchased during the period (in shares)	3,255,814	1,293,515		3,300,000	4,549,329
Value of shares repurchased		$ 47,900,000
Repurchase of aggregate amount							$ 150,000,000
Percentage of aggregate amount of shares expected to be repurchased	70.00%
Shares repurchased during the period, average cost per share (in dollars per share)					$ 32.97
ASR Program | Mizuho Markets Americas LLC
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Shares repurchased during the period (in shares)	1,627,907	651,213
Value of shares repurchased	$ 75,000,000
ASR Program | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Shares repurchased during the period (in shares)	1,627,907	642,302
Value of shares repurchased	$ 75,000,000

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NET INCOME PER SHARE - Schedule of Calculations of EPS (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Numerator:
Net income	$ 21,462	$ 17,383	$ 17,262	$ 10,251
Denominator:
Denominator for basic net income per share - weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	72,112	71,856	71,828	72,152
Dilutive common equivalent shares:
Weighted average restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units (in shares)	685	1,035	1,010	1,342
Denominator for diluted net income per share - weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	72,797	72,891	72,838	73,494
Net income per share:
Basic net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.30	$ 0.24	$ 0.24	$ 0.14
Diluted net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.29	$ 0.24	$ 0.24	$ 0.14

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NET INCOME PER SHARE - Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	3,859	1,755	4,000	1,430

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NET INCOME PER SHARE - Narrative (Details) - shares		1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 10, 2022	Nov. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023
ASR Program
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Repurchase of treasury stock (in shares)	3,255,814	1,293,515	3,300,000	4,549,329

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INCOME TAXES - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective tax rate	21.90%	10.30%	22.00%	15.30%

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SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of segments | segment			1
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 196,802	$ 228,081	$ 407,940	$ 436,893
United States
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	115,478	145,665	243,380	280,466
Europe
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	32,197	35,322	66,168	69,087
Asia
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	14,711	15,511	30,725	29,186
Rest of the world
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 34,416	$ 31,583	$ 67,667	$ 58,154