SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2015

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of: Remedent N.V. (incorporated in Belgium) located in Ghent, Belgium, Remedent Professional, Inc. and Remedent Professional Holdings, Inc. (both incorporated in California and inactive), Glamtech-USA, Inc. (a Delaware corporation acquired effective August 24, 2008), Remedent N.V.’s 50 % owned subsidiary, Biotech Dental Benelux N.V., a Belgium private company located in Ghent, Remedent N.V.’s 51% owned subsidiary, GlamSmile Deutschland GmbH, a German private company located in Munich (effective March 31, 2014 this subsidiary is inactive) and Remedent N.V.’s 80 % owned subsidiary, GlamSmile Rome, an Italian private company located in Rome (effective March 31, 2014 this subsidiary is inactive).

Remedent N.V.’s 21.51 % investment in Glamsmile Dental Technology Ltd., a Cayman Islands company (“Glamsmile Dental”) and its subsidiaries, Glamsmile (Asia) Limited, a company organized and existing under the laws of Hong Kong and a substantially 100 % owned subsidiary of Glamsmile Dental, Beijing Glamsmile Technology Development Ltd., a 100% owned subsidiary or GlamSmile Asia, its 80% owned subsidiary Beijing Glamsmile Trading Co., Ltd. and its 98% owned subsidiary Beijing Glamsmile Dental Clinic Co., Ltd., including its 100% owned Shanghai Glamsmile Dental Clinic Co., Ltd., its 100% owned Guangzhou Dental Clinic Co., Ltd. and its 50% owned Whenzhou GlamSmile Dental Clinic Ltd., which are accounted for using the equity method after January 31, 2012 (see Note 3 – Long-term Investment)

Remedent, Inc. is a holding company with headquarters in Ghent, Belgium. Remedent Professional, Inc. and Remedent Professional Holdings, Inc. have been dormant since inception.

For all periods presented, all significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements and corporate administrative costs are not allocated to subsidiaries.

Pervasiveness of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue, bad debts, inventories, fixed assets, intangible assets, stock based compensation, income taxes, and contingencies. Estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Company believes reasonable in the circumstances. The results form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from product sales when persuasive evidence of a sale exists: that is, a product is shipped under an agreement with a customer; risk of loss and title has passed to the customer; the fee is fixed or determinable; and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Sales allowances are estimated based upon historical experience of sales returns.

Revenues from product sales are recognized when the product is shipped and title and risk of loss has passed to the customer, typically upon delivery and when the quantity and price is fixed and determinable, and when collectability is reasonable assured.

Upfront fees are recognized upon the date of the agreement (i.e. point of sale) because they relate solely to the sale of territories (that are sold in perpetuity), are non-refundable, and are not contingent upon additional deliverables.

We have evaluated all deliverables in our contracts (per ASC 605-25-5) ((a) territory & (b) manufacturing/marketing training & development fees) and determined that they are separate, as follows:

Both (a) & (b) have value to our customers on a standalone basis and can be sold by our customers separately.

Delivery or performance of the undelivered item or items is considered probable and substantially in our control.

Our development fees/milestone payments are recognized in accordance with the Milestone Method pursuant to FASB ASC 605. Revenues from milestones related to an arrangement under which we have continuing performance obligations i.e. specifically scheduled training and development activities, if deemed substantive, are recognized as revenue upon achievement of the milestone. Milestones are considered substantive if all of the following conditions are met: (a) the milestone is non-refundable; (b) achievement of the milestone was not reasonably assured at the inception of the arrangement; (c) substantive effort is involved to achieve the milestone; and (d) the amount of the milestone appears reasonable in relation to the effort expended. If any of these conditions is not met, the milestone payment is deferred and recognized as revenue as we complete our performance obligations.

We receive royalty revenues under license agreements with third parties that sell products based on technology developed by us or to which we have rights. The license agreements provide for the payment of royalties to us based on sales of the licensed product. We record these revenues as earned monthly, based on reports from our licensees.

Shipping and Handling

Shipping and handling costs are included as a component of cost of sales. Shipping and handling costs billed to customers are included in sales.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets consist primarily of patents and property and equipment. The recoverability of long-lived assets is evaluated by an analysis of operating results and consideration of other significant events or changes in the business environment. If impairment exists, the carrying amount of the long-lived assets is reduced to its estimated fair value, less any costs associated with the final settlement. To date, management has not identified any impairment of property and equipment. There can be no assurance, however, that market conditions or demands for the Company’s services will not change which could result in future long-lived asset impairment.

Business Combinations

On April 1, 2010, the Company adopted the new accounting guidance for business combinations according to FASB Codification ASC 805, Business Combinations . This guidance establishes principles and requirements for the reporting entity in a business combination, including recognition and measurement in the financial statements of the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, goodwill, and any non-controlling interest in the acquire, as well as disclosure requirements to enable financial statement users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. Additionally, it provides guidance for identifying a business combination, measuring the acquisition date, and defining the measurement period for adjusting provisional amounts recorded. The implementation of this standard did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash or cash equivalents.

Non-Controlling Interest

The Company adopted ASC Topic 810 Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an Amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51 as of April 1, 2009. SFAS 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent, the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the non-controlling interest, changes in a parent’s ownership interest and the valuation of retained non-controlling equity investments when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. ASC Topic 810 also establishes reporting requirements that provide sufficient disclosures that clearly identify and distinguish between the interest of the parent and the interests of the non-controlling owner. The adoption of ASC Topic 810 impacted the presentation of our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, line of credit, short term and long-term debt. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their respective fair values because of the short maturities of those instruments. The Company’s investment in MFI is classified as an available for sale investment with all subsequent gains and losses recorded in other comprehensive income until realized. The Company’s long-term debt consists of its revolving credit facility and long-term capital lease obligations. The carrying value of the revolving credit facility approximates fair value because of its variable short-term interest rates. The fair value of the Company’s long-term capital lease obligations is based on current rates for similar financing.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company sells professional dental equipment to various companies, primarily to distributors located in Western Europe, Middle East, the United States of America, Asia and China. The terms of sales vary by customer, however, generally are 2% 10 days, net 30 days. Accounts receivable is reported at net realizable value and net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company uses the allowance method to account for uncollectible accounts receivable. The Company’s estimate is based on historical collection experience and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable.

Inventories

The Company purchases certain of its products in components that require assembly prior to shipment to customers. All other products are purchased as finished goods ready to ship to customers.

The Company writes down inventories for estimated obsolescence to estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected, then additional inventory write-downs may be required. Inventory reserves for obsolescence totaled $394,932 at March 31, 2015 and $477,502 at March 31, 2014.

Prepaid Expense

The Company’s prepaid expense consists of prepayments to suppliers for inventory purchases and to the Belgium customs department, to obtain an exemption of direct VAT payments for imported goods out of the European Union (“EU”). This prepayment serves as a guarantee to obtain the facility to pay VAT at the moment of sale and not at the moment of importing goods at the border. Prepaid expenses also include VAT payments made for goods and services in excess of VAT payments received from the sale of products as well as amounts for other prepaid operating expenses.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Major renewals and improvements are charged to the asset accounts while replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets, are expensed. At the time property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the asset and related accumulated depreciation accounts are relieved of the applicable amounts. Gains or losses from retirements or sales are credited or charged to income.

The Company depreciates its property and equipment for financial reporting purposes using the straight-line method based upon the following useful lives of the assets:

Tooling	3 Years
Furniture and fixtures	4 Years
Machinery and Equipment	4 Years

Patents

Patents consist of the costs incurred to purchase patent rights and are reported net of accumulated amortization. Patents are amortized using the straight-line method over a period based on their contractual lives.

Research and Development Costs

The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred.

Advertising

Costs incurred for producing and communicating advertising are expensed when incurred and included in sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses. For the years ended March 31, 2015 and March 31, 2014, advertising expense was $386,337 and $309,076, respectively.

Income taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method as stipulated by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740 formerly Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under ASC 740, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities or a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced to estimated amounts to be realized by the use of a valuation allowance. A valuation allowance is applied when in management’s view it is more likely than not (50%) that such deferred tax will not be utilized.

Effective February 1, 2008, the Company adopted certain provisions under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, (“ASC 740”), which provide interpretative guidance for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Effective with the Company’s adoption of these provisions, interest related to the unrecognized tax benefits is recognized in the financial statements as a component of income taxes. The adoption of ASC 740 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

In the unlikely event that an uncertain tax position exists in which the Company could incur income taxes, the Company would evaluate whether there is a probability that the uncertain tax position taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. Reserves for uncertain tax position would then be recorded if the Company determined it is probable that a position would not be sustained upon examination or if a payment would have to be made to a taxing authority and the amount is reasonably estimable. As of March 31, 2015, the Company does not believe it has any uncertain tax positions that would result in the Company having a liability to the taxing authorities.

Warranties

The Company typically warrants its products against defects in material and workmanship for a period of 24 months from shipment.

A tabular reconciliation of the Company’s aggregate product warranty liability for the reporting period is as follows:

	Year ended March 31, 2015		Year ended March 31, 2014
Product warranty liability:
Opening balance	$	6,899	$	19,301
Accruals for product warranties issued in the period		(1,478)		(12,402)
Adjustments to liabilities for pre-existing warranties		—		—
Ending liability	$	5,421	$	6,899

Based upon historical trends and warranties provided by the Company’s suppliers and sub-contractors, the Company has made a provision for warranty costs of $5,421 and $6,899 as of March 31, 2015 and March 31, 2014, respectively.

Segment Reporting

“Disclosure About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company. The Company’s management considers its business to comprise one segment for reporting purposes.

Computation of Earnings (Loss) per Share

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net income (loss) per common share attributable to common stockholders assuming dilution is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all dilutive potential common shares had been issued.

On April 1, 2009, the Company adopted changes issued by the FASB to the calculation of earnings per share. These changes state that unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and shall be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method for all periods presented. The adoption of this change had no impact on the Company’s basic or diluted net loss per share because the Company has never issued any share-based awards that contain non-forfeitable rights.

At each of March 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had 19,995,969, shares of common stock issued and outstanding. At March 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not have any warrants outstanding, but had 1,582,500 and 1,795,000 options outstanding, respectively.

Pursuant to ASC 260-10-50-1(c), if a fully diluted share calculation was computed for the years ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 respectively, it would have excluded all options respectively since the Company’s average share trading price during the last two year period was less than the exercise price of all options.

Conversion of Foreign Currencies

The reporting and functional currency for the consolidated financial statements of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The home currency for the Company’s European subsidiaries, Remedent N.V., Biotech Dental Benelux N.V.,GlamSmile Rome and GlamSmile Deutschland GmbH, is the Euro, for Glamsmile Asia Ltd., and its subsidiaries, the Hong Kong dollar and the Chinese Renmimbi (“RMB”) for Mainland China. The assets and liabilities of companies whose functional currency is other that the U.S. dollar are included in the consolidation by translating the assets and liabilities at the exchange rates applicable at the end of the reporting period. The statements of income of such companies are translated at the average exchange rates during the applicable period. Translation gains or losses are accumulated as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners, including accumulated foreign currency translation, and unrealized gains or losses on ‘Available For Sale (AFS)’ securities.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company has a stock-based compensation plan which is described more fully in Note 15. The Company measures the compensation cost of stock options and other stock-based awards to employees and directors at fair value at the grant date and recognizes compensation expense over the requisite service period for awards expected to vest.

Except for transactions with employees and directors, all transactions in which goods or services are the consideration received for the issuance of equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. Additionally, the Company has determined that the dates used to value the transaction are either:

(1) The date at which a commitment for performance by the counter party to earn the equity instruments is established; or

(2) The date at which the counter party’s performance is complete.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has updated U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) to eliminate a critical gap in existing standards. The new guidance, found in Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, clarifies the disclosures management must make in the organization’s financial statement footnotes when management has substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a “going concern.” The changes in ASU 2014-15 will take effect for the annual financial statement period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter (with early application permitted) which corresponds to the Company’s fiscal year beginning April 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance however we do not expect its application to have a significant impact upon our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides updated guidance on revenue recognition principles that will supersede most current conceptual and industry-specific revenue recognition guidance and thus enhance comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions, and capital markets. The key principle of this updated guidance is that entities should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount reflecting the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new guidance prescribes a five-step analysis of transactions to determine how and when to recognize revenue. In addition, the new guidance provides for capitalization of certain costs of obtaining or fulfilling a contract with a customer as well as enhanced disclosure requirements to enable a better understanding of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. ASU 2014-09 is effective for public entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2016, which corresponds to the Company’s fiscal year beginning April 1, 2017, with early adoption not permitted. The new guidance permits the use of either a retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. We have not yet selected a transition method and are evaluating the expected impact of adoption on our consolidated financial statements.