UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022

☐ Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number 001-34657

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	75-2679109
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

2000 McKinney Avenue
Suite 700
	Dallas	TX	USA	75201
(Address of principal executive offices)				(Zip Code)

(214) 932-6600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	TCBI	Nasdaq Stock Market
5.75% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock Series B, par value $0.01 per share	TCBIO	Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  ý        No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ý        ¨  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	x	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-Accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☐
		Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐        No  ý

On July 20, 2022, the number of shares set forth below was outstanding with respect to each of the issuer's classes of common stock:

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share 49,884,477

Texas Capital Bancshares, Inc.

Form 10-Q

Quarter Ended June 30, 2022

Index

Part I.—Financial Information
	Item 1.	Financial Statements - Unaudited	3
		Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
		Consolidated Statements of Income and Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)	4
		Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity	5
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
	Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	36
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	39
Part II.—Other Information
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	39
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	39
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	39
	Item 6.	Exhibits	40
Signatures			41

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - UNAUDITED

(in thousands except share data)	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	242,425	$	180,663
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	4,032,931		7,765,996
Available-for-sale debt securities	2,535,646		3,538,201
Held-to-maturity debt securities	980,935		—
Equity securities	36,118		45,607
Investment securities	3,552,699		3,583,808
Loans held for sale	4,266		8,123
Loans held for investment, mortgage finance	6,549,507		7,475,497
Loans held for investment	17,517,866		15,331,457
Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans	229,013		211,866
Loans held for investment, net	23,838,360		22,595,088
Premises and equipment, net	28,722		20,901
Accrued interest receivable and other assets	622,501		559,897
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	17,059		17,262
Total assets	$	32,338,963	$	34,731,738
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Non-interest bearing deposits	$	12,555,367	$	13,390,370
Interest bearing deposits	12,884,654		14,718,995
Total deposits	25,440,021		28,109,365
Accrued interest payable	8,928		7,699
Other liabilities	314,548		273,488
Short-term borrowings	2,651,536		2,202,832
Long-term debt	917,098		928,738
Total liabilities	29,332,131		31,522,122
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, $1,000 liquidation value:
Authorized shares - 10,000,000
Issued shares - 300,000 shares issued at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	300,000		300,000
Common stock, $0.01 par value:
Authorized shares - 100,000,000
Issued shares - 50,820,337 and 50,618,911 at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	508		506
Additional paid-in capital	1,015,105		1,008,559
Retained earnings	2,013,458		1,948,274
Treasury stock - 942,296 and 417 shares at cost at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	(50,031)		(8)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	(272,208)		(47,715)
Total stockholders’ equity	3,006,832		3,209,616
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	32,338,963	$	34,731,738

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND OTHER

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) - UNAUDITED

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands except per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans	$	218,290	$	203,074	$	405,947	$	413,405
Investment securities	14,665		10,918		31,967		20,805
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	9,394		2,961		12,965		5,894
Total interest income	242,349		216,953		450,879		440,104
Interest expense
Deposits	20,566		16,271		34,196		36,275
Short-term borrowings	4,859		502		5,617		3,094
Long-term debt	11,393		10,723		21,988		16,466
Total interest expense	36,818		27,496		61,801		55,835
Net interest income	205,531		189,457		389,078		384,269
Provision for credit losses	22,000		(19,000)		20,000		(25,000)
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	183,531		208,457		369,078		409,269
Non-interest income
Service charges on deposit accounts	6,003		4,634		12,025		9,350
Wealth management and trust fee income	4,051		3,143		7,963		5,998
Brokered loan fees	4,133		6,933		8,103		16,244
Servicing income	228		5,935		465		14,944
Investment banking and trading income	11,126		8,071		15,305		13,858
Net gain/(loss) on sale of loans held for sale	—		(3,070)		—		2,502
Other	701		11,993		2,663		19,096
Total non-interest income	26,242		37,639		46,524		81,992
Non-interest expense
Salaries and benefits	103,885		86,830		203,983		174,352
Occupancy expense	8,874		7,865		17,759		16,139
Marketing	8,506		1,900		13,483		3,597
Legal and professional	11,288		9,147		21,590		17,424
Communications and technology	15,649		14,352		30,349		30,321
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance assessment	3,318		5,226		7,299		11,839
Servicing-related expenses	—		12,355		—		25,344
Other	12,783		11,385		22,932		20,360
Total non-interest expense	164,303		149,060		317,395		299,376
Income before income taxes	45,470		97,036		98,207		191,885
Income tax expense	11,311		23,555		24,398		46,466
Net income	34,159		73,481		73,809		145,419
Preferred stock dividends	4,312		6,317		8,625		10,096
Net income available to common stockholders	$	29,847	$	67,164	$	65,184	$	135,323
Other comprehensive income/(loss):
Change in unrealized gain/(loss)	$	(86,438)	$	38,037	$	(287,057)	$	(53,370)
Amounts reclassified into net income	1,903		—		2,889		—
Other comprehensive income/(loss)	(84,535)		38,037		(284,168)		(53,370)
Income tax expense/(benefit)	(17,752)		7,989		(59,675)		(11,207)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(66,783)		30,048		(224,493)		(42,163)
Comprehensive income/(loss)	$	(32,624)	$	103,529	$	(150,684)	$	103,256
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.59	$	1.33	$	1.29	$	2.68
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.59	$	1.31	$	1.28	$	2.65

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - UNAUDITED

	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional				Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other
							Paid-in		Retained					Comprehensive
(in thousands except share data)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Shares	Amount		Income/(Loss)		Total
Balance at March 31, 2021	6,300,000	$	450,000	50,558,184	$	505	$	984,207	$	1,781,215	(417)	$	(8)	$	(56,437)	$	3,159,482
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		73,481		—	—		—		73,481
Change in other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxes	—	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		30,048		30,048
Total comprehensive income																103,529
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in earnings	—	—		—	—		8,315		—		—	—		—		8,315
Preferred stock dividend	—	—		—	—		—		(6,317)		—	—		—		(6,317)
Issuance of stock related to stock-based awards	—	—		34,434	1		(53)		—		—	—		—		(52)
Redemption of preferred stock	(6,000,000)	(150,000)		—	—		—		—		—	—		—		(150,000)
Balance at June 30, 2021	300,000	$	300,000	50,592,618	$	506	$	992,469	$	1,848,379	(417)	$	(8)	$	(26,389)	$	3,114,957
Balance at March 31, 2022	300,000	$	300,000	50,710,858	$	507	$	1,011,353	$	1,983,611	(417)	$	(8)	$	(205,425)	$	3,090,038
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		34,159		—	—		—		34,159
Change in other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxes	—	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		(66,783)		(66,783)
Total comprehensive loss																(32,624)
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in earnings	—	—		—	—		5,022		—		—	—		—		5,022
Preferred stock dividend	—	—		—	—		—		(4,312)		—	—		—		(4,312)
Issuance of stock related to stock-based awards	—	—		109,479	1		(1,270)		—		—	—		—		(1,269)
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—	—		—		—		(941,879)	(50,023)		—		(50,023)
Balance at June 30, 2022	300,000	$	300,000	50,820,337	$	508	$	1,015,105	$	2,013,458	(942,296)	$	(50,031)	$	(272,208)	$	3,006,832

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5

	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional				Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other
							Paid-in		Retained					Comprehensive
(in thousands except share data)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Shares	Amount		Income/(Loss)		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020 (audited)	6,000,000	$	150,000	50,470,867	$	504	$	991,898	$	1,713,056	(417)	$	(8)	$	15,774	$	2,871,224
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		145,419		—	—		—		145,419
Change in other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxes	—	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		(42,163)		(42,163)
Total comprehensive income																103,256
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in earnings	—	—		—	—		13,776		—		—	—		—		13,776
Issuance of preferred stock	300,000	300,000		—	—		(10,277)		—		—	—		—		289,723
Preferred stock dividend	—	—		—	—		—		(10,096)		—	—		—		(10,096)
Issuance of stock related to stock-based awards	—	—		121,751	2		(2,928)		—		—	—		—		(2,926)
Redemption of preferred stock	(6,000,000)	(150,000)		—	—		—		—		—	—		—		(150,000)
Balance at June 30, 2021	300,000	$	300,000	50,592,618	$	506	$	992,469	$	1,848,379	(417)	$	(8)	$	(26,389)	$	3,114,957
Balance at December 31, 2021 (audited)	300,000	$	300,000	50,618,911	$	506	$	1,008,559	$	1,948,274	(417)	$	(8)	$	(47,715)	$	3,209,616
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		73,809		—	—		—		73,809
Change in other comprehensive income/(loss), net of taxes	—	—		—	—		—		—		—	—		(224,493)		(224,493)
Total comprehensive loss																(150,684)
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in earnings	—	—		—	—		10,429		—		—	—		—		10,429
Preferred stock dividend	—	—		—	—		—		(8,625)		—	—		—		(8,625)
Issuance of stock related to stock-based awards	—	—		201,426	2		(3,883)		—		—	—		—		(3,881)
Repurchase of common stock	—	—		—	—		—		—		(941,879)	(50,023)		—		(50,023)
Balance at June 30, 2022	300,000	$	300,000	50,820,337	$	508	$	1,015,105	$	2,013,458	(942,296)	$	(50,031)	$	(272,208)	$	3,006,832

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

6

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - UNAUDITED

	Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Operating activities
Net income	$	73,809	$	145,419
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses	20,000		(25,000)
Depreciation and amortization expense	24,081		47,531
Net (gain)/loss on sale of loans held for sale	—		(2,502)
Decrease in valuation allowance on mortgage servicing rights	—		(16,448)
Stock-based compensation expense	10,612		14,804
Purchases and originations of loans held for sale	(1,072)		(1,409,716)
Proceeds from sales and repayments of loans held for sale	4,600		1,618,331
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest receivable and other assets	(10,753)		85,388
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities	25,259		(19,164)
Net cash provided by operating activities	146,536		438,643
Investing activities
Purchases of available-for-sale debt securities	(637,803)		(903,395)
Proceeds from maturities, redemptions and pay-downs of available-for-sale debt securities	333,811		240,891
Proceeds from maturities, redemptions and pay-downs of held-to-maturity debt securities	40,224		—
Sales/(purchases) of equity securities, net	855		—
Originations of loans held for investment, mortgage finance	(54,492,183)		(88,516,423)
Proceeds from pay-offs of loans held for investment, mortgage finance	55,418,173		88,823,033
Proceeds from sale of mortgage servicing rights	—		108,646
Net (increase)/decrease in loans held for investment, excluding mortgage finance	(2,188,546)		174,095
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(9,201)		(1,516)
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,534,670)		(74,669)
Financing activities
Net decrease in deposits	(2,669,344)		(2,157,026)
Issuance of stock related to stock-based awards	(3,881)		(2,926)
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock	—		289,723
Redemption of preferred stock	—		(150,000)
Preferred stock dividends paid	(8,625)		(10,096)
Repurchase of common stock	(50,023)		—
Net increase/(decrease) in short-term borrowings	448,704		(1,097,270)
Net proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	—		639,440
Redemption of long-term debt	—		(111,000)
Net cash used in financing activities	(2,283,169)		(2,599,155)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(3,671,303)		(2,235,181)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	7,946,659		9,206,380
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	4,275,356	$	6,971,199
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	60,572	$	58,869
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	29,350		36,701
Transfers of debt securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity	1,019,365		—

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

7

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED

(1) Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization and Nature of Business

Texas Capital Bancshares, Inc. (“we,” “us”, or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in November 1996 and commenced banking operations in December 1998. The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Texas Capital Bank (the “Bank”).

We serve the needs of commercial businesses and professionals and entrepreneurs located in Texas as well as operate several lines of business serving a regional or national clientele of commercial borrowers. We are primarily a secured lender, with the majority of our loans held for investment, excluding mortgage finance loans and other national lines of business, being made to businesses headquartered in or with operations in Texas. Our national lines of business provide specialized lending products to businesses throughout the United States.

Basis of Presentation

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and to generally accepted practices within the banking industry. Certain prior period balances have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

The consolidated interim financial statements are unaudited, and certain information and disclosures in the notes to consolidated unaudited financial statements that are presented in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, the interim financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments and the disclosures made present a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the financial statements and the notes to the consolidated unaudited financial statements required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements do not include all of the information and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, for the year ended December 31, 2021, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Form 10-K”). Operating results for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year or any future period.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The allowance for credit losses, the fair value of financial instruments and the status of contingencies are particularly susceptible to significant change.

(2) Earnings Per Share

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands except share and per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Numerator:
Net income	$	34,159	$	73,481	$	73,809	$	145,419
Preferred stock dividends	4,312		6,317		8,625		10,096
Net income available to common stockholders	$	29,847	$	67,164	$	65,184	$	135,323
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per common share—weighted average common shares	50,258,681		50,580,184		50,462,735		50,549,236
Effect of dilutive outstanding stock-settled awards	542,947		513,476		607,034		553,851
Denominator for dilutive earnings per common share—weighted average diluted common shares	50,801,628		51,093,660		51,069,769		51,103,087
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.59	$	1.33	$	1.29	$	2.68
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.59	$	1.31	$	1.28	$	2.65
Anti-dilutive outstanding stock-settled awards	430,224		153,232		301,842		98,079

8

(3) Investment Securities

The following is a summary of our investment securities: 

(in thousands)	Amortized Cost(1)		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
June 30, 2022
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	638,427	$	974	$	(13,598)	$	625,803
U.S. government agency securities	125,000		—		(16,382)		108,618
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,036,101		21		(246,567)		1,789,555
Credit risk transfer (“CRT”) securities	14,713		—		(3,043)		11,670
Total available-for-sale debt securities	2,814,241		995		(279,590)		2,535,646
Held-to-maturity debt securities:
Residential mortgage-backed securities	980,935		—		(81,688)		899,247
Total held-to-maturity debt securities	980,935		—		(81,688)		899,247
Equity securities							36,118
Total investment securities(2)							$	3,552,699
December 31, 2021
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. government agency securities	$	125,000	$	—	$	(4,056)	$	120,944
Residential mortgage-backed securities	3,288,261		156		(63,039)		3,225,378
Tax-exempt asset-backed securities	170,626		9,407		—		180,033
CRT securities	14,713		—		(2,867)		11,846
Total available-for-sale debt securities	3,598,600		9,563		(69,962)		3,538,201
Equity securities							45,607
Total investment securities(2)							$	3,583,808

(1)Excludes accrued interest receivable of $5.2 million and $6.6 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, related to available-for-sale debt securities, and $1.6 million at June 30, 2022 related to held-to-maturity debt securities that is recorded in accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Includes available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities at estimated fair value and held-to-maturity debt securities at amortized cost.

Debt Securities

In the first quarter of 2022, we transferred $1.0 billion of available-for-sale debt securities to held-to-maturity at fair value. The transfer was the result of deliberate actions taken to execute on our asset-liability management strategies in response to rising interest rates. Management determined that it has both the positive intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity. On the date of transfer, the difference between the carrying value and fair value of these securities, which was recorded, net of tax, as a loss in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (“AOCI”), resulted in the securities transferring at a discount of $69.2 million. The discount and unrealized loss, net of tax, in AOCI will be amortized to interest income over the remaining life of the securities using the interest method. There were no gains or losses recognized as a result of this transfer.

In the second quarter of 2022, our tax-exempt asset-backed securities were redeemed at par. The outstanding certificates were cancelled and related trusts were terminated. Unrealized gains and losses previously recorded, net of tax, in AOCI were reversed and no additional gains or losses were recognized as a result of the redemption.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value as of June 30, 2022, excluding accrued interest receivable, of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities are presented below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities of mortgage-backed securities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

	Available-for-sale				Held-to-maturity
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due within one year	$	83	$	86	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	638,427		625,803		—		—
Due after five years through ten years	156,370		134,783		—		—
Due after ten years	2,019,361		1,774,974		980,935		899,247
Total	$	2,814,241	$	2,535,646	$	980,935	$	899,247

9

The following table discloses our available-for-sale debt securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 or more months:

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
June 30, 2022
U.S. treasury securities	$	429,037	$	(13,598)	$	—	$	—	$	429,037	$	(13,598)
U.S. government agency securities	—		—		108,618		(16,382)		108,618		(16,382)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	893,351		(117,057)		895,346		(129,510)		1,788,697		(246,567)
CRT securities	—		—		11,670		(3,043)		11,670		(3,043)
Total	$	1,322,388	$	(130,655)	$	1,015,634	$	(148,935)	$	2,338,022	$	(279,590)
December 31, 2021
U.S. government agency securities	$	24,085	$	(915)	$	96,859	$	(3,141)	$	120,944	$	(4,056)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,871,052		(50,721)		303,491		(12,318)		3,174,543		(63,039)
CRT securities	—		—		11,846		(2,867)		11,846		(2,867)
Total	$	2,895,137	$	(51,636)	$	412,196	$	(18,326)	$	3,307,333	$	(69,962)

At June 30, 2022, we had 88 available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, comprised of seven U.S. treasury securities, five U.S. government agency securities, 74 residential mortgage-backed securities, and two CRT securities. The unrealized losses on the available-for-sale debt securities were the result of changes in market interest rates compared to the date the securities were acquired rather than the credit quality of the issuers or underlying loans. We do not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost of the available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position and have, therefore, recorded the unrealized losses related to this portfolio in AOCI. Held-to-maturity debt securities consist of government guaranteed securities for which no loss is expected. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no allowance for credit losses was established for available-for-sale or held-to-maturity debt securities.

Debt securities with carrying values of approximately $18.0 million and $1.6 million were pledged to secure certain customer repurchase agreements and deposits, respectively, at June 30, 2022. The comparative amounts at December 31, 2021 were $22.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

Equity Securities

Equity securities consist of investments that qualify for consideration under the regulations implementing the Community Reinvestment Act and investments related to our non-qualified deferred compensation plan. The following is a summary of unrealized and realized gains/(losses) recognized on equity securities included in other non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income/(loss):

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net gains/(losses) recognized during the period	$	(4,996)	$	3,268	$	(8,636)	$	3,646
Less: Realized net gains/(losses) recognized on securities sold	(204)		351		(2)		749
Unrealized net gains/(losses) recognized on securities held	$	(4,792)	$	2,917	$	(8,634)	$	2,897

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(4) Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

Loans are summarized by portfolio segment as follows:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Loans held for investment(1):
Commercial	$	11,511,532	$	9,897,561
Energy	962,239		721,373
Mortgage finance	6,549,507		7,475,497
Real estate	5,118,849		4,777,530
Gross loans held for investment	24,142,127		22,871,961
Unearned income (net of direct origination costs)	(74,754)		(65,007)
Total loans held for investment	24,067,373		22,806,954
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(229,013)		(211,866)
Total loans held for investment, net	$	23,838,360	$	22,595,088
Loans held for sale:
Mortgage loans, at fair value	$	4,266	$	8,123
Total loans held for sale	$	4,266	$	8,123

(1)    Excludes accrued interest receivable of $57.6 million and $50.9 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, that is recorded in accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

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The following tables summarize our gross loans held for investment by year of origination and internally assigned credit grades:

(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and prior		Revolving lines of credit		Revolving lines of credit converted to term loans		Total
June 30, 2022
Commercial
(1-7) Pass	$	853,390	$	4,017,274	$	293,544	$	434,095	$	295,347	$	379,247	$	4,971,573	$	35,847	$	11,280,317
(8) Special mention	9,384		3,360		7,696		843		—		7,344		39,201		3,150		70,978
(9) Substandard - accruing	7,860		4,539		503		69,257		23,026		6,837		23,445		4,397		139,864
(9+) Non-accrual	—		1,718		—		40		10,111		5,420		1,961		1,123		20,373
Total commercial	$	870,634	$	4,026,891	$	301,743	$	504,235	$	328,484	$	398,848	$	5,036,180	$	44,517	$	11,511,532
Energy
(1-7) Pass	$	89,871	$	18,750	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,298	$	827,944	$	—	$	937,863
(8) Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		6,804		—		—		6,804
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
(9+) Non-accrual	—		8,029		—		—		—		—		9,543		—		17,572
Total energy	$	89,871	$	26,779	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8,102	$	837,487	$	—	$	962,239
Mortgage finance
(1-7) Pass	$	44,918	$	584,253	$	291,404	$	650,170	$	972,308	$	3,861,831	$	—	$	—	$	6,404,884
(8) Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		144,623		—		—		144,623
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total mortgage finance	$	44,918	$	584,253	$	291,404	$	650,170	$	972,308	$	4,006,454	$	—	$	—	$	6,549,507
Real estate
CRE
(1-7) Pass	$	621,736	$	572,504	$	656,808	$	511,457	$	245,343	$	463,050	$	73,715	$	23,102	$	3,167,715
(8) Special mention	2,218		10,905		46		4,800		14,072		9,494		—		446		41,981
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		17,850		—		—		26,317		68,767		—		—		112,934
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		190		—		—		190
RBF
(1-7) Pass	47,888		117,866		23,022		13,735		7,648		2,471		394,540		—		607,170
(8) Special mention	—		623		—		—		—		—		2,300		—		2,923
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other
(1-7) Pass	134,821		162,251		127,499		77,889		83,726		179,466		38,245		27,185		831,082
(8) Special mention	—		—		12,972		—		—		17,534		—		—		30,506
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		1,080		—		—		1,080
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		12,210		12,210
Secured by 1-4 family
(1-7) Pass	31,759		93,841		56,568		27,956		19,911		75,462		4,057		—		309,554
(8) Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		1,156		—		—		1,156
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		167		—		—		167
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		181		—		—		181
Total real estate	$	838,422	$	975,840	$	876,915	$	635,837	$	397,017	$	819,018	$	512,857	$	62,943	$	5,118,849
Total	$	1,843,845	$	5,613,763	$	1,470,062	$	1,790,242	$	1,697,809	$	5,232,422	$	6,386,524	$	107,460	$	24,142,127

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(in thousands)	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016 and prior		Revolving lines of credit		Revolving lines of credit converted to term loans		Total
December 31, 2021
Commercial
(1-7) Pass	$	1,133,013	$	3,157,150	$	546,520	$	319,246	$	200,478	$	289,795	$	3,960,706	$	41,377	$	9,648,285
(8) Special mention	2,650		5,277		23,129		8,697		39		5,322		5,120		7,883		58,117
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		7,705		102,619		25,010		6,202		6,962		14,742		2,007		165,247
(9+) Non-accrual	736		1,191		49		12,955		1,166		6,196		3,619		—		25,912
Total commercial	$	1,136,399	$	3,171,323	$	672,317	$	365,908	$	207,885	$	308,275	$	3,984,187	$	51,267	$	9,897,561
Energy
(1-7) Pass	$	71,750	$	—	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	7,188	$	577,988	$	—	$	656,929
(8) Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		27,421		—		27,421
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		8,643		—		—		8,643
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		28,380		—		28,380
Total energy	$	71,750	$	—	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	15,831	$	633,789	$	—	$	721,373
Mortgage finance
(1-7) Pass	$	289,042	$	590,616	$	656,445	$	754,507	$	332,001	$	4,852,886	$	—	$	—	$	7,475,497
(8) Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total mortgage finance	$	289,042	$	590,616	$	656,445	$	754,507	$	332,001	$	4,852,886	$	—	$	—	$	7,475,497
Real estate
CRE
(1-7) Pass	$	497,462	$	576,344	$	600,005	$	294,005	$	155,252	$	451,042	$	73,988	$	25,970	$	2,674,068
(8) Special mention	—		—		291		8,827		20,089		26,344		—		—		55,551
(9) Substandard - accruing	17,850		—		—		40,900		37,393		38,188		—		2,308		136,639
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		198		—		—		198
RBF
(1-7) Pass	155,595		44,362		9,693		8,565		—		12,732		460,888		—		691,835
(8) Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other
(1-7) Pass	166,202		148,811		119,017		106,343		61,723		139,723		47,653		29,595		819,067
(8) Special mention	—		7,365		—		—		845		4,982		—		—		13,192
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		6,424		—		—		16,922		20,184		—		—		43,530
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		2,641		1,450		—		13,741		17,832
Secured by 1-4 family
(1-7) Pass	96,899		60,659		40,586		22,976		31,826		65,910		4,535		—		323,391
(8) Special mention	—		553		—		—		—		291		—		—		844
(9) Substandard - accruing	—		—		—		—		—		1,203		—		—		1,203
(9+) Non-accrual	—		—		—		—		—		180		—		—		180
Total real estate	$	934,008	$	844,518	$	769,592	$	481,616	$	326,691	$	762,427	$	587,064	$	71,614	$	4,777,530
Total	$	2,431,199	$	4,606,457	$	2,098,354	$	1,602,034	$	866,577	$	5,939,419	$	5,205,040	$	122,881	$	22,871,961

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The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

(in thousands)	Commercial		Energy		Mortgage Finance		Real Estate		Total
Six months ended June 30, 2022
Beginning balance	$	102,202	$	52,568	$	6,083	$	51,013	$	211,866
Provision for credit losses on loans	16,343		(26,500)		12,975		16,466		19,284
Charge-offs	2,978		—		—		350		3,328
Recoveries	436		755		—		—		1,191
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	2,542		(755)		—		350		2,137
Ending balance	$	116,003	$	26,823	$	19,058	$	67,129	$	229,013
Six months ended June 30, 2021
Beginning balance	$	73,061	$	84,064	$	4,699	$	92,791	$	254,615
Provision for credit losses on loans	12,035		(23,768)		352		(12,932)		(24,313)
Charge-offs	3,863		6,418		—		1,192		11,473
Recoveries	1,358		1,324		—		—		2,682
Net charge-offs (recoveries)	2,505		5,094		—		1,192		8,791
Ending balance	$	82,591	$	55,202	$	5,051	$	78,667	$	221,511

We recorded a $20.0 million provision for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to a negative provision of $25.0 million for the same period in 2021. The $20.0 million provision for credit losses resulted primarily from an increase in total loans held for investment. We recorded $2.1 million in net charge-offs during the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to net charge-offs of $8.8 million during the same period in 2021. Criticized loans totaled $603.5 million at June 30, 2022, compared to $582.9 million and $891.6 million at December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021, respectively. The increase in criticized loans as compared to March 31, 2022 was primarily due to one mortgage finance credit which is adequately reserved for as of June 30, 2022, and is expected to be resolved in the third quarter of 2022.

A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. At June 30, 2022, we had $12.2 million in collateral-dependent real estate loans, collateralized by real property and business assets.

The table below provides an age analysis of our gross loans held for investment:

(in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due(1)		Total Past Due		Non-Accrual Loans(2)		Current		Total		Non-Accrual With No Allowance
June 30, 2022
Commercial	$	13,625	$	6,395	$	3,144	$	23,164	$	20,373	$	11,467,995	$	11,511,532	$	12,675
Energy	—		—		—		—		17,572		944,667		962,239		8,029
Mortgage finance	—		—		—		—		—		6,549,507		6,549,507		—
Real estate:
CRE	29,852		4,139		—		33,991		190		3,288,639		3,322,820		—
RBF	—		3,000		—		3,000		—		607,093		610,093		—
Other	—		—		—		—		12,210		862,668		874,878		12,210
Secured by 1-4 family	—		—		62		62		181		310,815		311,058		—
Total	$	43,477	$	13,534	$	3,206	$	60,217	$	50,526	$	24,031,384	$	24,142,127	$	32,914

(1)Loans past due 90 days and still accruing includes premium finance loans of $3.1 million. These loans are generally secured by obligations of insurance carriers to refund premiums on canceled insurance policies. The receipt of the refund of premiums from the insurance carriers can take 180 days or longer from the cancellation date.

(2)As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, none of our non-accrual loans were earning interest income on a cash basis. Additionally, no interest income was recognized on non-accrual loans for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Accrued interest of $4,000 was reversed during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we did not have any loans considered restructured that were not on non-accrual. Of the non-accrual loans at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $17.3 million and $19.4 million, respectively, met the criteria for restructured. These loans had no unfunded commitments at their respective balance sheet dates.

14

We did not have any loans that were restructured during the six months ended June 30, 2022 or 2021.

(5) Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt

The table below presents a summary of short-term borrowings:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Customer repurchase agreements	$	1,536	$	2,832
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings	2,650,000		2,200,000
Total short-term borrowings	$	2,651,536	$	2,202,832

The table below presents a summary of long-term debt:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Bank-issued floating rate senior unsecured credit-linked notes due 2024	$	258,497	$	270,487
Bank-issued 5.75% fixed rate subordinated notes due 2026	174,066		173,935
Company-issued 4.00% fixed rate subordinated notes due 2031	371,129		370,910
Trust preferred floating rate subordinated debentures due 2032 to 2036	113,406		113,406
Total long-term debt	$	917,098	$	928,738

(6) Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk

The table below presents our financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, as well as the activity in the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to those financial instruments. This allowance is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Beginning balance of allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses	$	16,492	$	17,147	$	17,265	$	17,434
Provision for off-balance sheet credit losses	1,489		(400)		716		(687)
Ending balance of allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses	$	17,981	$	16,747	$	17,981	$	16,747
(in thousands)					June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Commitments to extend credit - period end balance					$	10,194,949	$	9,445,763
Standby letters of credit - period end balance					378,217		357,672

(7) Regulatory Ratios and Capital

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory (and possibly additional discretionary) actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material adverse effect on the Company’s and the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s and the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s and the Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

The Basel III regulatory capital framework (the “Basel III Capital Rules”) adopted by U.S. federal regulatory authorities, among other things, (i) establishes the capital measure called “Common Equity Tier 1” (“CET1”), (ii) specifies that Tier 1 capital consist of CET1 and “Additional Tier 1 Capital” instruments meeting stated requirements, (iii) requires that most deductions/adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1 and not to other components of capital and (iv) defines the scope of the deductions/adjustments to the capital measures.

Additionally, the Basel III Capital Rules require that we maintain a 2.5% capital conservation buffer with respect to each of CET1, Tier 1 and total capital to risk-weighted assets, which provides for capital levels that exceed the minimum risk-based capital adequacy requirements. A financial institution with a conservation buffer of less than the required amount is subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. No dividends were declared or paid on our common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2022 or during the year ended December 31, 2021. On April 19, 2022, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $150.0 million in shares of our outstanding common stock. During the second

15

quarter of 2022, the Company repurchased 941,879 shares of its common stock for an aggregate price of $50.0 million, at a weighted average price of $53.11 per share.

In February 2019, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued a final rule (the “2019 CECL Rule”) that revised certain capital regulations to account for changes to credit loss accounting under GAAP. The 2019 CECL Rule included a transition option that allows banking organizations to phase in, over a three-year period, the day-one adverse effects of adopting the new accounting standard related to the measurement of current expected credit losses on their regulatory capital ratios (three-year transition option). In March 2020, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule that maintains the three-year transition option of the 2019 CECL Rule and also provides banking organizations that were required under GAAP to implement CECL before the end of 2020 the option to delay for two years an estimate of the effect of CECL on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology's effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period (five-year transition option). We adopted CECL on January 1, 2020 and have elected to utilize the five-year transition option.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of CET1, Tier 1 and total capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets, each as defined in the regulations. Management believes, as of June 30, 2022, that the Company and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Financial institutions are categorized as well capitalized based on total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, CET1 and Tier 1 leverage ratios. As shown in the table below, the Company’s and the Bank’s capital ratios exceeded the regulatory definition of well capitalized as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The regulatory authorities can apply changes in classification of assets and such changes may retroactively subject the Company and the Bank to changes in capital ratios. Any such change could reduce one or more capital ratios below well capitalized status. In addition, a change may result in imposition of additional assessments by the FDIC or could result in regulatory actions that could have a material effect on our condition and results of operations.

Because our Bank had less than $15.0 billion in total consolidated assets as of December 31, 2009, we are allowed to continue to classify our trust preferred securities, all of which were issued prior to May 19, 2010, as Tier 1 capital.

16

The table below summarizes our actual and required capital ratios under the Basel III Capital Rules. The ratios presented below include the effects of our election to utilize the five-year CECL transition described above.

	Actual				Minimum Capital Required(2)				Capital Required to be Well Capitalized
(dollars in thousands)	Capital Amount		Ratio		Capital Amount		Ratio		Capital Amount	Ratio
June 30, 2022
CET1
Company	$	2,969,107	10.46	%	$	1,986,272	7.00	%	N/A	N/A
Bank	3,139,566		11.07	%	1,985,129		7.00	%	1,843,334	6.50	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Company	4,091,380		14.42	%	2,979,408		10.50	%	2,837,531	10.00	%
Bank	3,690,710		13.01	%	2,977,694		10.50	%	2,835,899	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Company	3,379,107		11.91	%	2,411,901		8.50	%	1,702,519	6.00	%
Bank	3,299,566		11.63	%	2,410,514		8.50	%	2,268,719	8.00	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)(1)
Company	3,379,107		10.67	%	1,266,734		4.00	%	N/A	N/A
Bank	3,299,566		10.42	%	1,266,412		4.00	%	1,583,014	5.00	%
December 31, 2021
CET1
Company	$	2,949,785	11.06	%	$	1,866,444	7.00	%	N/A	N/A
Bank	3,013,170		11.30	%	1,866,303		7.00	%	1,732,996	6.50	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Company	4,085,540		15.32	%	2,799,666		10.50	%	2,666,348	10.00	%
Bank	3,578,014		13.42	%	2,799,455		10.50	%	2,666,148	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Company	3,359,785		12.60	%	2,266,396		8.50	%	1,599,809	6.00	%
Bank	3,173,170		11.90	%	2,266,225		8.50	%	2,132,918	8.00	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)(1)
Company	3,359,785		9.01	%	1,490,902		4.00	%	N/A	N/A
Bank	3,173,170		8.51	%	1,490,677		4.00	%	1,863,346	5.00	%

(1)    The Tier 1 capital ratio (to average assets) is not impacted by the Basel III Capital Rules; however, the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC may require the Company and the Bank, respectively, to maintain a Tier 1 capital ratio (to average assets) above the required minimum.

(2)    Percentages represent the minimum capital ratios plus the fully phased-in 2.5% CET1 capital buffer under the Basel III Capital Rules.

17

(8) Stock-based Compensation

We have long-term incentive plans under which stock-based compensation awards are granted to employees and directors by the board of directors or its designated committee. Grants are subject to vesting requirements and may include, among other things, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), restricted stock and performance units, or any combination thereof. On April 19, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved the Texas Capital Bancshares, Inc. 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan, which provides for the issuance of 1,124,880 shares of common stock for compensation to the Company’s key employees and non-employee directors.

The table below summarizes our stock-based compensation expense:

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Stock-settled awards:
RSUs	$	5,022	$	8,315	$	10,429	$	13,775
Restricted stock	—		—		—		1
Cash-settled units	2		121		183		1,028
Total	$	5,024	$	8,436	$	10,612	$	14,804

(in thousands except period data)	June 30, 2022
Unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock-settled awards	$	42,688
Weighted average period over which expense is expected to be recognized, in years	2.5

18

(9) Fair Value Disclosures

We determine the fair market values of our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis using the fair value hierarchy as prescribed in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurement. See Note 1 - Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our 2021 Form 10-K for information regarding the fair value hierarchy and a description of the methods and significant assumptions used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial instruments.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are as follows:

	Fair Value Measurements Using
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
June 30, 2022
Available-for-sale debt securities:(1)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	625,803	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agency securities	—		108,618		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		1,789,555		—
CRT securities	—		—		11,670
Equity securities(1)(2)	24,724		11,394		—
Loans held for sale(3)	—		—		4,266
Derivative assets(4)	—		11,049		—
Derivative liabilities(4)	—		46,215		—
Non-qualified deferred compensation plan liabilities(5)	22,938		—		—
December 31, 2021
Available-for-sale debt securities:(1)
U.S. government agency securities	$	—	$	120,944	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		3,225,378		—
Tax-exempt asset-backed securities	—		—		180,033
CRT securities	—		—		11,846
Equity securities(1)(2)	33,589		12,018		—
Loans held for sale(3)	—		465		7,658
Derivative assets(4)	—		37,788		—
Derivative liabilities(4)	—		37,788		—
Non-qualified deferred compensation plan liabilities(5)	29,695		—		—

(1)Investment securities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, generally monthly, except for tax-exempt asset-backed securities and CRT securities which are measured quarterly.

(2)Equity securities consist of investments that qualify for consideration under the regulations implementing the Community Reinvestment Act and investments related to our non-qualified deferred compensation plan.

(3)Mortgage loans held for sale are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, generally monthly.

(4)Derivative assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, generally quarterly.

(5)Non-qualified deferred compensation plan liabilities represent the fair value of the obligation to the employee, which generally corresponds to the fair value of the invested assets, and are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, generally monthly.

19

Level 3 Valuations

The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

							Net Gains (Losses)
(in thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Period		Purchases / Additions		Sales / Reductions		Realized		Unrealized		Balance at End of Period
Three months ended June 30, 2022
Available-for-sale debt securities:(1)
Tax-exempt asset-backed securities	$	165,845	$	—	$	(166,890)	$	—	$	1,045	$	—
CRT securities	11,901		—		—		—		(231)		11,670
Loans held for sale(2)	8,085		—		(4,029)		—		210		4,266
Three months ended June 30, 2021
Available-for-sale debt securities:(1)
Tax-exempt asset-backed securities	$	181,566	$	—	$	(142)	$	—	$	4,530	$	185,954
CRT securities	11,465		—		—		—		248		11,713
Loans held for sale(2)	7,275		1,148		(246)		—		50		8,227
Six months ended June 30, 2022
Available-for-sale debt securities:(1)
Tax-exempt asset-backed securities	$	180,033	$	—	$	(170,626)	$	—	$	(9,407)	$	—
CRT securities	11,846		—		—		—		(176)		11,670
Loans held for sale(2)	7,658		1,327		(4,600)		—		(119)		4,266
Six months ended June 30, 2021
Available-for-sale debt securities:(1)
Tax-exempt asset-backed securities	$	199,176	$	—	$	(11,513)	$	—	$	(1,709)	$	185,954
CRT securities	11,417		—		—		—		296		11,713
Loans held for sale(2)	6,933		1,685		(525)		5		129		8,227

(1)Unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale debt securities are recorded in AOCI. Realized gains/(losses) are recorded in other non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income/(loss).

(2)Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on loans held for sale are recorded in net gain/(loss) on sale of loans held for sale on the consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income/(loss).

Tax-exempt asset-backed securities

The fair value of tax-exempt asset-backed securities is based on a discounted cash flow model, which utilizes Level 3, or unobservable, inputs, the most significant of which were a discount rate and a weighted-average life. The securities were redeemed in full prior to June 30, 2022. At December 31, 2021, the combined weighted-average discount rate and weighted-average life utilized were 2.60% and 4.61 years, respectively.

CRT securities

The fair value of CRT securities is based on a discounted cash flow model, which utilizes Level 3, or unobservable, inputs, the most significant of which were a discount rate and a weighted-average life. At June 30, 2022, the discount rates utilized ranged from 5.88% to 10.66% and the weighted-average life ranged from 5.35 years to 9.15 years. On a combined amortized cost weighted-average basis a discount rate of 7.47% and a weighted-average life of 6.62 years were utilized to determine the fair value of these securities at June 30, 2022. At December 31, 2021, the combined weighted-average discount rate and combined weighted-average life utilized were 4.97% and 6.35 years, respectively.

Loans held for sale

The fair value of loans held for sale using Level 3 inputs include loans that cannot be sold through normal sale channels and thus require significant management judgment or estimation when determining the fair value. The fair value of such loans is generally based upon quoted prices of comparable loans with a liquidity discount applied. At June 30, 2022, the fair value of these loans was calculated using a weighted-average discounted price of 90.2% compared to 97.8% at December 31, 2021.

20

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

A summary of the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments is as follows:

			Estimated Fair Value
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
June 30, 2022
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,275,356	$	4,275,356	$	4,275,356	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale debt securities	2,535,646		2,535,646		625,803		1,898,173		11,670
Held-to-maturity debt securities	980,935		899,247		—		899,247		—
Equity securities	36,118		36,118		24,724		11,394		—
Loans held for sale	4,266		4,266		—		—		4,266
Loans held for investment, net	23,838,360		23,741,360		—		—		23,741,360
Derivative assets	11,049		11,049		—		11,049		—
Financial liabilities:
Total deposits	25,440,021		25,439,069		—		—		25,439,069
Short-term borrowings	2,651,536		2,651,536		—		2,651,536		—
Long-term debt	917,098		882,258		—		882,258		—
Derivative liabilities	46,215		46,215		—		46,215		—
December 31, 2021
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,946,659	$	7,946,659	$	7,946,659	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale debt securities	3,538,201		3,538,201		—		3,346,322		191,879
Equity securities	45,607		45,607		33,589		12,018		—
Loans held for sale	8,123		8,123		—		465		7,658
Loans held for investment, net	22,595,088		22,631,252		—		—		22,631,252
Derivative assets	37,788		37,788		—		37,788		—
Financial liabilities:
Total deposits	28,109,365		28,109,762		—		—		28,109,762
Short-term borrowings	2,202,832		2,202,832		—		2,202,832		—
Long-term debt	928,738		952,404		—		952,404		—
Derivative liabilities	37,788		37,788		—		37,788		—

21

(10) Derivative Financial Instruments

The notional amounts and estimated fair values of derivative positions outstanding are presented in the following table.

	June 30, 2022						December 31, 2021
			Estimated Fair Value						Estimated Fair Value
(in thousands)	Notional Amount		Asset Derivative		Liability Derivative		Notional Amount		Asset Derivative		Liability Derivative
Derivatives designated as hedges
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts:
Swaps hedging loans	$	750,000	$	1,103	$	1,180	$	—	$	—	$	—
Non-hedging derivatives
Customer-initiated and other derivatives:
Interest rate contracts:
Swaps	3,563,862		48,096		48,096		3,536,090		40,922		40,922
Caps and floors written	122,810		—		1,197		191,291		94		—
Caps and floors purchased	122,810		1,197		—		191,291		—		94
Forward contracts	395,239		1,227		1,147		—		—		—
Gross derivatives			51,623		51,620				41,016		41,016
Netting adjustment - offsetting derivative assets/liabilities			(4,980)		(4,980)				(3,228)		(3,228)
Netting adjustment - cash collateral received/posted			(35,594)		(425)				—		—
Net derivatives included on the consolidated balance sheets			$	11,049	$	46,215			$	37,788	$	37,788

Our credit exposure on derivative instruments is limited to the net favorable value and interest payments by each counterparty. In some cases collateral may be required from the counterparties involved if the net value of the derivative instruments exceeds a nominal amount. Our credit exposure associated with these instruments, net of any collateral pledged, was approximately $11.0 million at June 30, 2022, and approximately $37.8 million at December 31, 2021. Collateral levels are monitored and adjusted on a regular basis for changes in the value of derivative instruments. At June 30, 2022, we had $4.8 million in cash collateral pledged to counterparties included in interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet and $42.0 million in cash collateral received from counterparties included in interest bearing deposits on the consolidated balance sheet. The comparative amounts at December 31, 2021, were $40.3 million in cash collateral pledged to counterparties and no cash collateral received from counterparties.

We also enter into credit risk participation agreements with financial institution counterparties for interest rate swaps related to loans in which we are either a participant or a lead bank. The risk participation agreements entered into by us as a participant bank provide credit protection to the financial institution counterparty should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contract with that financial institution. We are party to 12 risk participation agreements where we are a participant bank with a notional amount of $125.0 million at June 30, 2022, compared to seven risk participation agreements having a notional amount of $79.2 million at December 31, 2021. The maximum estimated exposure to these agreements, assuming 100% default by all obligors, was approximately $78,000 at June 30, 2022 and $2.3 million at December 31, 2021. The fair value of these exposures was insignificant to the consolidated financial statements at both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Risk participation agreements entered into by us as the lead bank provide credit protection to us should the borrower fail to perform on its interest rate derivative contract with us. We are party to 17 risk participation agreements where we are the lead bank having a notional amount of $199.5 million at June 30, 2022, compared to 15 agreements having a notional amount of $156.1 million at December 31, 2021.

Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

During the second quarter of 2022, we entered into interest rate derivative contracts that were designated as qualifying cash flow hedges to hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows attributable to changes in a contractually specified interest rate. To qualify for hedge accounting, a formal assessment is prepared to determine whether the hedging relationship, both at inception and on an ongoing basis, is expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting cash flows attributable to the hedged risk during the term of the hedge if a cash flow hedge. At inception a statistical regression analysis is prepared to determine hedge effectiveness. At each reporting period thereafter, a statistical regression or qualitative analysis is performed. If it is determined that hedge effectiveness has not been or will not continue to be highly effective then hedge accounting ceases and any gain or loss in AOCI is recognized in earnings immediately. The cash flow hedges are recorded at fair value in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded in AOCI, net of tax. Amounts recorded to AOCI are reclassified into earnings in the same period in which the hedged asset or liability affects earnings and are presented in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged asset or liability.

22

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded $304,000 in unrealized gains to adjust our cash flow hedges to fair value, which was recorded net of tax to AOCI, and reclassified $704,000 from AOCI into interest income on loans. Based on current market conditions, we estimate that during the next 12 months, an additional $621,000 will be reclassified from AOCI as a decrease to interest income. As of June 30, 2022, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is 2.95 years.

(11) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table provides the change in AOCI by component:

(in thousands)	Cash Flow Hedges		AFS Securities		HTM Securities		Total
Three months ended June 30, 2022
Beginning balance	$	—	$	(151,564)	$	(53,861)	$	(205,425)
Change in unrealized gain/(loss)	304		(86,742)		—		(86,438)
Amounts reclassified into net income	(704)		—		2,607		1,903
Total OCI	(400)		(86,742)		2,607		(84,535)
Income tax expense/(benefit)	(84)		(18,216)		548		(17,752)
Total OCI, net of tax	(316)		(68,526)		2,059		(66,783)
Ending balance	$	(316)	$	(220,090)	$	(51,802)	$	(272,208)
Three months ended June 30, 2021
Beginning balance	$	—	$	(56,437)	$	—	$	(56,437)
Change in unrealized gain/(loss)	—		38,037		—		38,037
Amounts reclassified into net income	—		—		—		—
Total OCI	—		38,037		—		38,037
Income tax expense/(benefit)	—		7,989		—		7,989
Total OCI, net of tax	—		30,048		—		30,048
Ending balance	$	—	$	(26,389)	$	—	$	(26,389)
Six months ended June 30, 2022
Beginning balance	$	—	$	(47,715)	$	—	$	(47,715)
Change in unrealized gain/(loss)	304		(218,196)		(69,165)		(287,057)
Amounts reclassified into net income	(704)		—		3,593		2,889
Total OCI	(400)		(218,196)		(65,572)		(284,168)
Income tax expense/(benefit)	(84)		(45,821)		(13,770)		(59,675)
Total OCI, net of tax	(316)		(172,375)		(51,802)		(224,493)
Ending balance	$	(316)	$	(220,090)	$	(51,802)	$	(272,208)
Six months ended June 30, 2021
Beginning balance	$	—	$	15,774	$	—	$	15,774
Change in unrealized gain/(loss)	—		(53,370)		—		(53,370)
Amounts reclassified into net income	—		—		—		—
Total OCI	—		(53,370)		—		(53,370)
Income tax expense/(benefit)	—		(11,207)		—		(11,207)
Total OCI, net of tax	—		(42,163)		—		(42,163)
Ending balance	$	—	$	(26,389)	$	—	$	(26,389)

(12) New Accounting Standards

Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)” (“ASU 2022-03”) clarifies the guidance in ASC 820 when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security. This update also requires specific disclosures related to these types of securities. ASU 2022-03 is effective January 1, 2023 and is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

23

ITEM 2.     MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Form 10-K”). Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2022 or any future period.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance taking into account all information available to us at the time such statements are made. Forward-looking statements may often be identified by the use of words such as “expects,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “goals,” “objectives,” “intends,” “seeks,” “likely,” “should,” “may” “could” and other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based of the historical performance of the Company or on the Company’s current plans, estimates and expectations. The inclusion of this forward-looking information should not be regarded as a representation by the Company that the future plans, estimates or expectations so contemplated will be achieved, and should not be the primary basis upon which investors evaluate an investment in our securities. Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the 2021 Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K may cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements appearing in this discussion and analysis and may include factors such as, but not limited to, credit quality and risk, the COVID-19 pandemic, industry and technological changes, cyber incidents or other failures, disruptions or security breaches, interest rates, commercial and residential real estate values, economic conditions, including inflation and the threat of recession, as well as market conditions in Texas, the United States or internationally as well as governmental and consumer responses to those economic and market conditions, fund availability, accounting estimates and risk management processes, the transition away from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), legislative and regulatory changes, business strategy execution, key personnel, competition, mortgage markets, fraud, environmental liability and severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism or other external events. The Company does not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

Results of Operations

Selected income statement data and key performance indicators are presented in the table below:

	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands except per share data)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Net interest income	$	205,531		$	189,457		$	389,078		$	384,269
Provision for credit losses	22,000			(19,000)			20,000			(25,000)
Non-interest income	26,242			37,639			46,524			81,992
Non-interest expense	164,303			149,060			317,395			299,376
Income before income taxes	45,470			97,036			98,207			191,885
Income tax expense	11,311			23,555			24,398			46,466
Net income	34,159			73,481			73,809			145,419
Preferred stock dividends	4,312			6,317			8,625			10,096
Net income available to common stockholders	$	29,847		$	67,164		$	65,184		$	135,323
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.59		$	1.33		$	1.29		$	2.68
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.59		$	1.31		$	1.28		$	2.65
Net interest margin	2.68		%	2.02		%	2.45		%	2.03		%
Return on average assets	0.44		%	0.76		%	0.45		%	0.75		%
Return on average common equity	4.35		%	9.74		%	4.67		%	9.91		%
Non-interest income to average earning assets	0.34		%	0.40		%	0.29		%	0.43		%
Efficiency ratio(1)	70.9		%	65.6		%	72.9		%	64.2		%
Non-interest expense to average earning assets	2.16		%	1.59		%	2.00		%	1.58		%

(1)    Non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.

24

Three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to three months ended June 30, 2021

We reported net income of $34.2 million and net income available to common stockholders of $29.8 million for the second quarter of 2022, compared to net income of $73.5 million and net income available to common stockholders of $67.2 million for the second quarter of 2021. On a fully diluted basis, earnings per common share were $0.59 for the second quarter of 2022, compared to $1.31 for the second quarter of 2021. Return on average common equity (“ROE”) was 4.35% and return on average assets (“ROA”) was 0.44% for the second quarter of 2022, compared to 9.74% and 0.76%, respectively, for the second quarter of 2021. The decrease in net income for the second quarter of 2022 compared to the second quarter of 2021 resulted primarily from an increase in provision for credit losses.

Six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to six months ended June 30, 2021

We reported net income of $73.8 million and net income available to common stockholders of $65.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to net income of $145.4 million and net income available to common stockholders of $135.3 million for the same period in 2021. On a fully diluted basis, earnings per common share were $1.28 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $2.65 for the same period in 2021. ROE was 4.67% and ROA was 0.45% for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to 9.91% and 0.75%, respectively, for the same period in 2021. The decrease in net income for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 resulted primarily from a decrease in non-interest income coupled with increases in provision for credit losses and non-interest expense.

Details of the changes in the various components of net income are discussed below.

25

Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income Analysis - Quarterly(1)

	Three months ended June 30, 2022						Three months ended June 30, 2021
(in thousands except percentages)	Average Balance		Income/ Expense		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Income/ Expense		Yield/ Rate
Assets
Investment securities(2)	$	3,543,576	$	15,065	1.60	%	$	3,543,270	$	11,369	1.29	%
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	4,747,377		9,394		0.79	%	11,583,759		2,961		0.10	%
Loans held for sale	8,123		62		3.07	%	93,164		781		3.36	%
Loans held for investment, mortgage finance	5,858,599		49,914		3.42	%	7,462,223		57,401		3.09	%
Loans held for investment(3)	16,616,234		168,407		4.07	%	15,242,975		144,978		3.81	%
Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans	211,385		—		—		241,676		—		—
Loans held for investment, net	22,263,448		218,321		3.93	%	22,463,522		202,379		3.61	%
Total earning assets	30,562,524		242,842		3.16	%	37,683,715		217,490		2.31	%
Cash and other assets	870,396						996,946
Total assets	$	31,432,920					$	38,680,661
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Transaction deposits	$	1,671,729	$	3,920	0.94	%	$	3,795,152	$	5,395	0.57	%
Savings deposits	8,696,819		15,462		0.71	%	11,296,382		8,990		0.32	%
Time deposits	877,399		1,184		0.54	%	1,755,993		1,886		0.43	%
Total interest bearing deposits	11,245,947		20,566		0.73	%	16,847,527		16,271		0.39	%
Short-term borrowings	2,232,119		4,859		0.87	%	2,349,718		502		0.09	%
Long-term debt	929,616		11,393		4.92	%	881,309		10,723		4.88	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	14,407,682		36,818		1.02	%	20,078,554		27,496		0.55	%
Non-interest bearing deposits	13,747,876						15,139,546
Other liabilities	227,701						274,401
Stockholders’ equity	3,049,661						3,188,160
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	31,432,920					$	38,680,661
Net interest income			$	206,024					$	189,994
Net interest margin					2.68	%					2.02	%
Net interest spread					2.14	%					1.76	%

 

(1)Taxable equivalent rates used where applicable.

(2)Yields on investment securities are calculated using available-for-sale securities at amortized cost.

(3)Average balances included non-accrual loans.

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Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income Analysis - Year to Date(1)

	Six months ended June 30, 2022						Six months ended June 30, 2021
(in thousands except percentages)	Average Balance		Revenue/ Expense		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Revenue/ Expense		Yield/ Rate
Assets
Investment securities(2)	$	3,606,069	$	32,809	1.75	%	$	3,483,254	$	21,728	1.25	%
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	6,639,327		12,965		0.39	%	11,713,931		5,894		0.10	%
Loans held for sale	7,880		175		4.49	%	167,830		2,376		2.85	%
Loans held for investment, mortgage finance	5,796,097		93,379		3.25	%	7,818,014		122,343		3.16	%
Loans held for investment(3)	16,153,845		312,542		3.90	%	15,349,838		288,913		3.80	%
Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans	211,995		—		—		248,151		—		—
Loans held for investment, net	21,737,947		405,921		3.77	%	22,919,701		411,256		3.62	%
Total earning assets	31,991,223		451,870		2.83	%	38,284,716		441,254		2.32	%
Cash and other assets	845,082						1,030,625
Total assets	$	32,836,305					$	39,315,341
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Transaction deposits	$	2,050,106	$	7,883	0.78	%	$	3,893,015	$	11,256	0.58	%
Savings deposits	9,553,920		24,044		0.51	%	12,088,776		19,778		0.33	%
Time deposits	957,615		2,269		0.48	%	1,978,879		5,241		0.53	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	12,561,641		34,196		0.55	%	17,960,670		36,275		0.41	%
Short-term borrowings	2,002,724		5,617		0.57	%	2,517,128		3,094		0.25	%
Long-term debt	929,312		21,988		4.77	%	674,171		16,466		4.93	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	15,493,677		61,801		0.80	%	21,151,969		55,835		0.53	%
Non-interest bearing deposits	13,990,465						14,782,509
Other liabilities	235,378						291,925
Stockholders’ equity	3,116,785						3,088,938
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	32,836,305					$	39,315,341
Net interest income			$	390,069					$	385,419
Net interest margin					2.45	%					2.03	%
Net interest spread					2.03	%					1.79	%

(1)Taxable equivalent rates used where applicable.

(2)Yields on investment securities are calculated using available-for-sale securities at amortized cost.

(3)Average balances include non-accrual loans.

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Volume/Rate Analysis

The following table presents the changes in taxable-equivalent net interest income and identifies the changes due to differences in the average volume of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the changes due to differences in the average interest rate on those assets and liabilities.

	Three months ended June 30, 2022/2021						Six months ended June 30, 2022/2021
	Net Change		Change due to(1)				Net Change		Change Due To(1)
(in thousands)			Volume		Yield/Rate(2)				Volume		Yield/Rate(2)
Interest income:
Investment securities	$	3,696	$	1	$	3,695	$	11,081	$	749	$	10,332
Interest bearing cash and cash equivalents	6,433		(1,705)		8,138		7,071		(2,516)		9,587
Loans held for sale	(719)		(712)		(7)		(2,201)		(2,258)		57
Loans held for investment, mortgage finance loans	(7,487)		(12,354)		4,867		(28,964)		(31,766)		2,802
Loans held for investment	23,429		13,044		10,385		23,629		15,173		8,456
Total	25,352		(1,726)		27,078		10,616		(20,618)		31,234
Interest expense:
Transaction deposits	(1,475)		(3,018)		1,543		(3,373)		(5,325)		1,952
Savings deposits	6,472		(2,074)		8,546		4,266		(4,144)		8,410
Time deposits	(702)		(942)		240		(2,972)		(2,724)		(248)
Short-term borrowings	4,357		(26)		4,383		2,523		(906)		3,429
Long-term debt	670		588		82		5,522		6,323		(801)
Total	9,322		(5,472)		14,794		5,966		(6,776)		12,742
Net interest income	$	16,030	$	3,746	$	12,284	$	4,650	$	(13,842)	$	18,492

(1)Yield/rate and volume variances are allocated to yield/rate.

(2)Taxable equivalent rates used where applicable assuming a 21% tax rate.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income was $205.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $189.5 million for the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in yields on total average earning assets, partially offset by an increase in funding costs, both attributed to the impact of rising interest rates.

Average earning assets for the three months ended June 30, 2022 decreased $7.1 billion compared to the same period in 2021 and included a $6.8 billion decrease in average interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents. The decrease in average interest bearing cash and cash equivalents resulted primarily from our proactive exit of certain high-cost indexed deposit products in the second half of 2021. Average interest-bearing liabilities for the three months ended June 30, 2022 decreased $5.7 billion compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to a $5.6 billion decrease in average interest-bearing deposits. Average demand deposits for the three months ended June 30, 2022 decreased $1.4 billion compared to the same period in 2021.

Net interest margin for the three months ended June 30, 2022 was 2.68% compared to 2.02% for the same period in 2021. The increase in net interest margin was primarily due to a shift in the composition of earning assets coupled with an increase in yields on average earnings assets, partially offset by an increase in funding costs.

The yield on total loans held for investment increased to 3.93% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to 3.61% for the same period in 2021 and the yield on earning assets increased to 3.16% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to 2.31% for the same period in 2021. Total cost of deposits increased to 0.33% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 from 0.20% for the same period in 2021, and total funding costs, including all deposits, long-term debt and stockholders' equity, increased to 0.47% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to 0.29% for the same period in 2021.

Net interest income was $389.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $384.3 million for the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in yields on earnings assets, partially offset by a decrease in average total loans and rising cost of funds. The increases in yields on earning assets and cost of funds are attributable to the impact of rising interest rates.

Average earning assets decreased $6.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021 and included a $5.1 billion decrease in average interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents. Average interest-bearing liabilities decreased $5.7 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to a $5.4 billion decrease in average interest-bearing deposits. Average demand deposits for the six months ended June 30, 2022 decreased to $14.0 billion from $14.8 billion for the same period in 2021.

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Net interest margin for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was 2.45% compared to 2.03% for the same period of 2021. The increase was primarily due to the effect of rising interest rates on earning asset yields and a shift in earning asset composition, partially offset by higher funding costs compared to the same period in 2021.

The yield on total loans held for investment increased to 3.77% for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to 3.62% for the same period in 2021 and the yield on earning assets increased to 2.83% for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to 2.32% for the same period in 2021. Total cost of deposits increased to 0.26% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 from 0.22% for the same period in 2021 and total funding costs, including all deposits, long-term debt and stockholders' equity, increased to 0.38% for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to 0.29% for the same period in 2021.

Non-interest Income 

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	6,003	$	4,634	$	12,025	$	9,350
Wealth management and trust fee income	4,051		3,143		7,963		5,998
Brokered loan fees	4,133		6,933		8,103		16,244
Servicing income	228		5,935		465		14,944
Investment banking and trading income	11,126		8,071		15,305		13,858
Net gain/(loss) on sale of loans held for sale	—		(3,070)		—		2,502
Other	701		11,993		2,663		19,096
Total non-interest income	$	26,242	$	37,639	$	46,524	$	81,992

Non-interest income decreased $11.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to decreases in servicing fee income, as a result of the sale of our mortgage servicing rights portfolio in 2021, and other non-interest income, partially offset by an increase in investment banking and trading income and the elimination of net losses recorded in the prior year on the sale of loans held for sale.

Non-interest income decreased $35.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to decreases in brokered loan fees, servicing fee income and net gain/(loss) on sale of loans held for sale all as a result of the sale of our mortgage servicing rights portfolio and transition of the mortgage correspondent aggregation program in 2021, as well as a decrease in other non-interest income.

Non-interest Expense 

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Salaries and benefits	$	103,885	$	86,830	$	203,983	$	174,352
Occupancy expense	8,874		7,865		17,759		16,139
Marketing	8,506		1,900		13,483		3,597
Legal and professional	11,288		9,147		21,590		17,424
Communications and technology	15,649		14,352		30,349		30,321
FDIC insurance assessment	3,318		5,226		7,299		11,839
Servicing-related expenses	—		12,355		—		25,344
Other	12,783		11,385		22,932		20,360
Total non-interest expense	$	164,303	$	149,060	$	317,395	$	299,376

Non-interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2022 increased $15.2 million compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in salaries and benefits expense, resulting primarily from an increase in headcount, as well as an increase in marketing expense, partially offset by a decrease in servicing-related expenses related to the sale of our mortgage servicing rights portfolio in 2021.

Non-interest expense increased by $18.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily due to increases in salaries and benefits expense, resulting primarily from an increase in headcount, and marketing expense, partially offset by a decrease in servicing-related expenses resulting from the sale of our mortgage servicing rights portfolio in 2021.

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Analysis of Financial Condition

Loans Held for Investment

The following table summarizes our loans held for investment by portfolio segment: 

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
(in thousands)
Commercial	$	11,511,532	$	9,897,561
Energy	962,239		721,373
Mortgage finance	6,549,507		7,475,497
Real estate	5,118,849		4,777,530
Gross loans held for investment	$	24,142,127	$	22,871,961
Deferred income (net of direct origination costs)	(74,754)		(65,007)
Total loans held for investment	24,067,373		22,806,954
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(229,013)		(211,866)
Total loans held for investment, net	$	23,838,360	$	22,595,088

Total loans held for investment were $24.1 billion at June 30, 2022, an increase of $1.3 billion from December 31, 2021. We experienced loan growth across all loan categories, except for mortgage finance loans, as we executed on our long-term strategy. Mortgage finance loans relate to our mortgage warehouse lending operations in which we purchase mortgage loan ownership interests that are typically sold within 10 to 20 days and represent 27% of total loans held for investment at June 30, 2022 compared to 33% at December 31, 2021. Volumes fluctuate based on the level of market demand for the product and the number of days between purchase and sale of the loans, which can be affected by changes in overall market interest rates, and tend to peak at the end of each month. Mortgage finance loans experienced seasonal growth of 12% during the second quarter of 2022 compared to the first quarter of 2022, however overall balances are lower than at December 31, 2021 as interest rates have continued to rise.

We originate a substantial majority of all loans held for investment. We also participate in syndicated loan relationships, both as a participant and as an agent. As of June 30, 2022, we had $3.2 billion in syndicated loans, $721.6 million of which we administer as agent. All syndicated loans, whether we act as agent or participant, are underwritten to the same standards as all other loans we originate. As of June 30, 2022, none of our syndicated loans were on non-accrual.

Portfolio Concentrations

Although more than 50% of our total loan exposure is outside of Texas and more than 50% of our deposits are sourced outside of Texas, our Texas concentration remains significant. As of June 30, 2022, a majority of our loans held for investment, excluding mortgage finance loans and other national lines of business, were to businesses with headquarters or operations in Texas. This geographic concentration subjects the loan portfolio to the general economic conditions within this state. The risks created by this concentration have been considered by management in the determination of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses.

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Non-performing Assets

Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans and leases and repossessed assets. The table below summarizes our non-performing assets by type and by type of property securing the credit.

(in thousands)	June 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
Non-accrual loans held for investment(1):
Commercial:
Assets of the borrowers	$	14,454		$	18,366
Accounts receivable and inventory	4,136			5,501
Other	1,783			2,045
Total commercial	20,373			25,912
Energy:
Oil and gas properties	17,572			28,380
Total energy	17,572			28,380
Real estate:
Assets of the borrowers	12,210			13,741
Commercial property	190			2,840
Single family residences	181			1,629
Total real estate	12,581			18,210
Total non-accrual loans held for investment	50,526			72,502
Non-accrual loans held for sale	—			—
Other real estate owned	—			—
Total non-performing assets	$	50,526		$	72,502
Non-accrual loans held for investment to total loans held for investment	0.21		%	0.32		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to non-accrual loans held for investment	4.5x			2.9x
Loans held for investment past due 90 days and still accruing(2)	$	3,206		$	3,467
Loans held for investment past due 90 days to total loans held for investment	0.01		%	0.02		%
Loans held for sale past due 90 days and still accruing(3)	$	1,602		$	3,986

(1)As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, non-accrual loans include $17.3 million and $19.4 million, respectively, in loans that met the criteria for restructured.

(2)At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, loans past due 90 days and still accruing includes premium finance loans of $3.1 million and $3.3 million, respectively.

(3)Includes loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies that were repurchased out of Ginnie Mae securities. Loans are recorded as loans held for sale and carried at fair value on the balance sheet. Interest on these past due loans accrues at the debenture rate guaranteed by the U.S. government.

Summary of Credit Loss Experience

The provision for credit losses, comprised of a provision for loans and off-balance sheet credit losses, is a charge to earnings to maintain the allowance for credit losses at a level consistent with management’s assessment of expected losses at each balance sheet date.

We recorded a $20.0 million provision for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to a negative provision of $25.0 million for the same period in 2021. The $20.0 million provision for credit losses resulted from an increase in total loans held for investment. We recorded $2.1 million in net charge-offs during the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to net charge-offs of $8.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021. Criticized loans totaled $603.5 million at June 30, 2022, compared to $582.9 million and $891.6 million at December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021, respectively. The increase in criticized loans as compared to March 31, 2022 was primarily due to one mortgage finance credit which is adequately reserved for as of June 30, 2022, and is expected to be resolved in the third quarter of 2022.

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The table below presents key metrics related to our credit loss experience: 

	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2021
Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans held for investment	0.95	%	0.93	%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to total average loans held for investment(1)	1.04	%	0.96	%
Total provision for credit losses to average total loans held for investment(1)(2)	0.18	%	(0.22)	%
Total allowance for credit losses to total loans held for investment	1.03	%	1.00	%

(1)    Ratios are calculated using average balance for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(2) Ratios are annualized utilizing provision for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The table below details net charge-offs (recoveries) as a percentage of average total loans by loan category:

	Six months ended June 30,
	2022				2021
			Net Charge-offs				Net Charge-offs
	Net		to Average		Net		to Average
	Charge-offs		Loans(1)		Charge-offs		Loans(1)
Commercial	$	2,542	0.05	%	$	2,505	0.06	%
Energy	(755)		(0.05)	%	5,094		1.57	%
Mortgage finance	—		—	%	—		—	%
Real estate	350		0.01	%	1,192		0.04	%
Total	$	2,137	0.02	%	$	8,791	0.08	%

(1)    Interim period ratios are annualized.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

In general terms, liquidity is a measurement of our ability to meet our cash needs. Our objectives in managing our liquidity are to maintain our ability to meet loan commitments, repurchase investment securities and repay deposits and other liabilities in accordance with their terms, without an adverse impact on our current or future earnings. Our liquidity strategy is guided by policies, formulated and monitored by our senior management and our Asset and Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”), which take into account the demonstrated marketability of our assets, the sources and stability of our funding and the level of unfunded commitments. We regularly evaluate all of our various funding sources with an emphasis on accessibility, stability, reliability and cost-effectiveness. Our principal source of funding is customer deposits, supplemented by short-term borrowings, primarily federal funds purchased and Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLB”) borrowings, which are generally used to fund mortgage finance assets, as well as long-term debt. We also rely on the availability of the mortgage secondary market provided by Ginnie Mae and the government-sponsored enterprises to support the liquidity of our mortgage finance assets.

During 2020 and into the first half of 2021, we significantly increased our interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents to ensure that we had the balance sheet strength to serve our clients during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the second half of 2021 and continuing into the first six months of 2022, these balances have run off as we have purchased investment securities and proactively exited certain high-cost indexed deposit products. The following table summarizes these balances:

(in thousands except percentage data)	June 30, 2022			December 31, 2021			June 30, 2021
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	4,032,931		$	7,765,996		$	6,768,650
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents as a percent of:
Total loans held for investment	16.8		%	34.1		%	28.3		%
Total earning assets	12.8		%	22.9		%	19.7		%
Total deposits	15.9		%	27.6		%	23.5		%

Our liquidity needs to support growth in loans held for investment, which have been fulfilled primarily through growth in our core customer deposits. Our goal is to obtain as much of our funding for loans held for investment and other earning assets as possible from deposits of these core customers. These deposits are generated principally through development of long-term customer relationships, with a significant focus on treasury management products. In addition to deposits from our core customers, we also have access to deposits through brokered customer relationships.

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We also have access to incremental deposits through brokered retail certificates of deposit, or CDs. These traditional brokered deposits are generally of short maturities and are used to fund temporary differences in the growth in loan balances as compared to customer deposits. The following table summarizes our period-end and average core customer deposits, relationship brokered deposits and traditional brokered deposits:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2022			December 31, 2021			June 30, 2021
Deposits from core customers	$	24,176,479		$	25,409,180		$	26,309,504
Deposits from core customers as a percent of total deposits	95.1		%	90.4		%	91.2		%
Relationship brokered deposits	$	113,142		$	1,855,892		$	1,373,763
Relationship brokered deposits as a percent of average total deposits	0.4		%	6.6		%	4.8		%
Traditional brokered deposits	$	1,150,400		$	844,293		$	1,156,296
Traditional brokered deposits as a percent of total deposits	4.5		%	3.0		%	4.0		%
Average deposits from core customers(1)	$	24,993,505		$	28,734,460		$	29,545,933
Average deposits from core customers as a percent of average total deposits	94.2		%	91.1		%	90.2		%
Average relationship brokered deposits(1)	$	909,565		$	1,608,587		$	1,804,015
Average relationship brokered deposits as a percent of average total deposits	3.4		%	5.1		%	5.5		%
Average traditional brokered deposits(1)	$	649,036		$	1,188,544		$	1,393,231
Average traditional brokered deposits as a percent of average total deposits	2.4		%	3.8		%	4.3		%

(1)    Annual averages presented for December 31, 2021.

We have access to sources of traditional brokered deposits that we estimate to be $7.5 billion. Based on our internal guidelines, we have currently chosen to limit our use of these sources to a lesser amount.

We have short-term borrowing sources available to supplement deposits and meet our funding needs. Such borrowings are generally used to fund our mortgage finance loans, due to their liquidity, short duration and interest spreads available. These borrowing sources include federal funds purchased from our downstream correspondent bank relationships (which consist of banks that are smaller than our Bank) and from our upstream correspondent bank relationships (which consist of banks that are larger than our Bank), customer repurchase agreements and advances from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve. The following table summarizes the outstanding balance of our short-term borrowings, all of which mature within one year:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Repurchase agreements	$	1,536	2,832
FHLB borrowings	2,650,000		2,200,000
Total short-term borrowings	$	2,651,536	2,202,832

The following table summarizes our short-term borrowing capacities net of balances outstanding.

(in thousands)	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
FHLB borrowing capacity relating to loans	$	3,019,254	$	5,190,703
FHLB borrowing capacity relating to securities	3,416,759		3,352,111
Total FHLB borrowing capacity(1)	$	6,436,013	$	8,542,814
Unused federal funds lines available from commercial banks	$	1,456,000	$	892,000
Unused Federal Reserve borrowings capacity	$	3,479,343	$	2,414,702
Unused revolving line of credit(2)	$	75,000	$	75,000

(1)    FHLB borrowings are collateralized by a blanket floating lien on certain real estate secured loans, mortgage finance assets and certain pledged securities.

(2)    Unsecured revolving, non-amortizing line of credit with maturity date of February 8, 2023. Proceeds may be used for general corporate purposes, including funding regulatory capital infusions into the Bank. The loan agreement contains customary financial covenants and restrictions. No borrowings were made against this line of credit during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

We also have long-term debt outstanding of $917.1 million as of June 30, 2022, comprised of trust preferred securities, subordinated notes and senior unsecured credit linked notes with maturity dates ranging from September 2024 to December 2036. The Company may consider raising additional capital, if needed, in public or private offerings of debt or equity securities to supplement deposits and meet our long-term funding needs.

For additional information regarding our borrowings see Note 5 - Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt in the accompanying notes to the consolidated unaudited financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

As the Company is a holding company and is a separate operating entity from the Bank, our primary sources of liquidity are dividends received from the Bank and borrowings from outside sources. Banking regulations may limit the amount of dividends that may be paid by the Bank. See Note 7 - Regulatory Ratios and Capital in the accompanying notes to the consolidated unaudited financial statements included elsewhere in this report for additional information regarding dividend restrictions.

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Periodically, based on market conditions and other factors, and subject to compliance with applicable laws and regulations and the terms of our existing indebtedness, we or the Bank may repay, repurchase, exchange or redeem outstanding indebtedness, or otherwise enter into transactions regarding our debt or capital structure. For example, we and the Bank periodically evaluate and may engage in liability management transactions, including repurchases or redemptions of outstanding subordinated notes, which may be funded by the issuance of, or exchanges of, newly issued unsecured borrowings, as we seek to actively manage our debt maturity profile and interest cost.

As of June 30, 2022, management is not aware of any events that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, capital resources or operations. In addition, management is not aware of any regulatory recommendations regarding liquidity that would have a material adverse effect on us.

Capital Resources

Average total equity was $3.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022. We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock since we commenced operations and have no plans to do so in the foreseeable future.

On April 19, 2022, our board of directors authorized a new share repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $150.0 million in shares of our outstanding common stock. Any repurchases under the repurchase program will be made in accordance with applicable securities laws from time to time in open market or private transactions. The extent to which we repurchase shares, and the timing of such repurchases, will be at management’s discretion and will depend upon a variety of factors, including market conditions, our capital position and amount of retained earnings, regulatory requirements and other considerations. No time limit was set for the completion of the share repurchase program, and the program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 941,879 shares of its common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $50.0 million, at a weighted average price of $53.11 per share.

See Note 7 - Regulatory Ratios and Capital in the accompanying notes to the consolidated unaudited financial statements included elsewhere in this report for additional information regarding capital.

Critical Accounting Estimates

SEC guidance requires disclosure of “critical accounting estimates.” The SEC defines “critical accounting estimates” as those estimates made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations of the registrant.

We follow financial accounting and reporting policies that are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Certain significant policies are summarized in Note 1 - Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to the consolidated unaudited financial statements included elsewhere in this report and in our 2021 Form 10-K. Not all significant accounting policies require management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments. However, the policy noted below could be deemed to be highly dependent on estimates, assumptions and judgments that meet the SEC’s definition of a critical accounting estimate.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Management considers the policies related to the allowance for credit losses as the most critical to the financial statement presentation. The total allowance for credit losses includes activity related to allowances calculated in accordance with ASC 326, Credit Losses. The allowance for credit losses is established through a provision for credit losses charged to current earnings. The amount maintained in the allowance reflects management’s continuing evaluation of the credit losses expected to be recognized over the life of the loans in our portfolio. The allowance for credit losses on loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans' amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. For purposes of determining the allowance for credit losses, the loan portfolio is segregated by product types in order to recognize differing risk profiles among categories, and then further segregated by credit grades. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are not included in the collective evaluation. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Adjustments to historical loss information are made to incorporate our reasonable and supportable forecast of future losses at the portfolio segment level, as well as any necessary qualitative adjustments using a Portfolio Level Qualitative Factor (“PLQF”) and/or a Portfolio Segment Level Qualitative Factor (“SLQF”). The PLQF and SLQF are utilized to address factors that are not present in historical loss rates and are otherwise unaccounted for in the quantitative process. A reserve is recorded upon origination or purchase of a loan.

Management considers a range of macroeconomic scenarios in connection with the allowance estimation process. Within the various economic scenarios considered as of June 30, 2022, the quantitative estimate of the allowance for credit loss would increase by approximately $107 million under sole consideration of the most severe downside scenario. The quoted sensitivity calculation reflects the sensitivity of the modeled allowance estimate to macroeconomic forecast data, but is absent of

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qualitative overlays and other qualitative adjustments that are part of the quarterly reserving process and does not necessarily reflect the nature and extent of future changes in the allowance for reasons including increases or decreases in qualitative adjustments, changes in the risk profile and size of the portfolio, changes in the severity of the macroeconomic scenario and the range of scenarios under management consideration.

See “Summary of Credit Loss Experience” above and Note 4 – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans in the accompanying notes to the consolidated unaudited financial statements included elsewhere in this report for further discussion of the risk factors considered by management in establishing the allowance for credit losses.

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ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk is a broad term for the risk of economic loss due to adverse changes in the fair value of a financial instrument. These changes may be the result of various factors, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, or equity prices. The financial instruments subject to market risk can be classified either as held for trading purposes or held for purposes other than trading.

We are subject to market risk primarily through the effect of changes in interest rates on our portfolio of assets held for purposes other than trading. Additionally, we have some market risk relative to commodity prices through our energy lending activities. Declines and volatility in commodity prices negatively impacted our energy clients' ability to perform on their loan obligations in recent years, and further uncertainty and volatility could have a negative impact on our customers and our loan portfolio in future periods. Foreign exchange rates, commodity prices (other than energy) and equity prices are not expected to pose significant market risk to us.

The responsibility for managing market risk rests with the Asset and Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”), which operates under policy guidelines established by our board of directors. The acceptable negative variation in net interest revenue due to a 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates is generally limited by these guidelines to plus or minus 10-12%. Oversight of our compliance with these guidelines is the ongoing responsibility of the ALCO, with exceptions reported to the Executive Risk Committee and to our Board of Directors, if necessary, on a quarterly basis. Additionally, the Credit Policy Committee (“CPC”) specifically manages risk relative to commodity price market risks. The CPC establishes maximum portfolio concentration levels for energy loans as well as maximum advance rates for energy collateral.

Interest Rate Risk Management

Our interest rate sensitivity is illustrated in the following table. The table reflects rate-sensitive positions as of June 30, 2022 and is not necessarily indicative of positions on other dates. The balances of interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities are presented in the periods in which they next reprice to market rates or mature and are aggregated to show the interest rate sensitivity gap. The mismatch between repricings or maturities within a time period is commonly referred to as the “gap” for that period. A positive gap (asset sensitive), where interest rate-sensitive assets exceed interest rate sensitive liabilities, generally will result in the net interest margin increasing in a rising rate environment and decreasing in a falling rate environment. A negative gap (liability sensitive) will generally have the opposite results on the net interest margin. To reflect anticipated prepayments, certain asset and liability categories are shown in the table using estimated cash flows rather than contractual cash flows. The Company employs interest rate floors in certain variable rate loans to enhance the yield on those loans at times when market interest rates are extraordinarily low. The degree of asset sensitivity, spreads on loans and net interest margin may be reduced until rates increase by an amount sufficient to eliminate the effects of floors. The adverse effect of floors as market rates increase may also be offset by the positive gap, the extent to which rates on deposits and other funding sources lag increasing market rates for loans and changes in composition of funding.

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Interest Rate Sensitivity Gap Analysis

June 30, 2022

(in thousands)	0-3 month Balance		4-12 month Balance		1-3 year Balance		3+ year Balance		Total Balance
Assets:
Interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents	$	4,032,931	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,032,931
Investment securities(1)	48,182		1,533		243,532		3,259,452		3,552,699
Variable loans	20,857,027		104,330		47,163		268,883		21,277,403
Fixed loans	208,705		1,521,491		210,961		927,833		2,868,990
Total loans(2)	21,065,732		1,625,821		258,124		1,196,716		24,146,393
Total interest sensitive assets	$	25,146,845	$	1,627,354	$	501,656	$	4,456,168	$	31,732,023
Liabilities:
Interest bearing customer deposits	$	11,483,607	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	11,483,607
CDs & IRAs	146,417		86,025		17,605		600		250,647
Traditional brokered deposits	613,424		536,976		—		—		1,150,400
Total interest bearing deposits	12,243,448		623,001		17,605		600		12,884,654
Short-term borrowings	2,651,536		—		—		—		2,651,536
Long-term debt	258,497		—		—		658,601		917,098
Total interest sensitive liabilities	$	15,153,481	$	623,001	$	17,605	$	659,201	$	16,453,288
GAP	$	9,993,364	$	1,004,353	$	484,051	$	3,796,967	$	—
Cumulative GAP	$	9,993,364	$	10,997,717	$	11,481,768	$	15,278,735	$	15,278,735
Non-interest bearing deposits									12,555,367
Stockholders’ equity									3,006,832
Total									$	15,562,199

(1)Available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities based on fair market value.

(2)Total loans include gross loans held for investments and loans held for sale at fair value.

While a gap interest table is useful in analyzing interest rate sensitivity, an interest rate sensitivity simulation provides a better illustration of the sensitivity of earnings to changes in interest rates. Earnings are also affected by the effects of changing interest rates on the value of funding derived from demand deposits and stockholders’ equity. We perform a sensitivity analysis to identify interest rate risk exposure on net interest income. We quantify and measure interest rate risk exposure using a model to dynamically simulate the effect of changes in net interest income relative to changes in interest rates over the next twelve months based on three interest rate scenarios. These are a static rate scenario and two “shock test” scenarios.

These scenarios are based on interest rates as of the last day of a reporting period published by independent sources and incorporate relevant spreads of instruments that are actively traded in the open market. The Federal Reserve’s federal funds target affects short-term borrowing; the prime lending rate, Bloomberg Short Term Yield Index (“BSBY”), LIBOR and other alternative indexes are the basis for most of our variable-rate loan pricing. The 10-year treasury rate is also monitored because of its effect on prepayment speeds for mortgage-backed securities. These are our primary interest rate exposures. Interest rate derivative contracts may be used to manage our exposure to adverse fluctuations in these primary interest rate exposures. See Note 10 - Derivative Financial Instruments for more information on interest rate derivative contracts.

For modeling purposes, the “shock test” scenarios as of June 30, 2022 assume immediate, sustained 100 and 200 basis point increases in interest rates, as well as a 100 basis point decrease in interest rates. As of June 30, 2021, the scenarios assumed a sustained 100 and 200 basis point increase in interest rates. As short-term rates remained low through 2021, we did not believe that analysis of an assumed decrease in interest rates would provide meaningful results. We will continue to evaluate these scenarios as interest rates change.

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Our interest rate risk exposure model incorporates assumptions regarding the level of interest rate on indeterminable maturity deposits (demand deposits, interest-bearing transaction accounts and savings accounts) for a given level of market rate change. In the current environment of increasing short-term rates, deposit pricing can vary by product and customer. These assumptions have been developed through a combination of historical analysis and projection of future expected pricing behavior. Changes in prepayment behavior of mortgage-backed securities, residential and commercial mortgage loans in each rate environment are captured using industry estimates of prepayment speeds for various coupon segments of the portfolio. The impact of these changes is factored into the simulation model. This modeling indicated interest rate sensitivity as follows:

	Anticipated Impact Over the Next Twelve Months as Compared to Most Likely Scenario
	June 30, 2022						June 30, 2021
(in thousands)	100 bps Increase		200 bps Increase		100 bps Decrease		100 bps Increase		200 bps Increase
Change in net interest income	$	91,461	$	163,136	$	(114,831)	$	24,267	$	79,342

The simulations used to manage market risk are based on numerous assumptions regarding the effect of changes in interest rates on the timing and extent of repricing characteristics, future cash flows and customer behavior. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely estimate net interest income or precisely predict the impact of higher or lower interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions, customer behavior and management strategies, among other factors.

In 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced that it would no longer compel banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The administrator of LIBOR proposed to extend publication of the most commonly used U.S. dollar LIBOR settings to June 30, 2023 and to cease publishing other LIBOR settings on December 31, 2021. The U.S. federal banking agencies issued guidance strongly encouraging banking organizations to cease using U.S. dollar LIBOR as a reference rate in new contracts as soon as practicable and in any event by December 31, 2021. We have significant exposure to financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly dependent on LIBOR to establish their interest rate and/or value, some of which mature after December 31, 2021. We have established a working group, consisting of key stakeholders from throughout the Company, to monitor developments relating to LIBOR changes and to guide the Bank’s response. This team is continuing to work to ensure that our technology systems are prepared for the transition, our loan documents that reference LIBOR-based rates have been appropriately amended to reference other methods of interest rate determinations and internal and external stakeholders are apprised of the transition. Based on our transition progress to date, we ceased originating LIBOR-based products and began originating BSBY based loans in December 2021. We are also prepared with other alternative benchmarks to support the transition from LIBOR. Over the next 12 months, we will continue to transition all remaining LIBOR-based products to an alternative benchmark. We will also continue to evaluate the transition process and align our trajectory with regulatory guidelines regarding the cessation of LIBOR as well as monitor new developments for transitioning to alternative reference rates.

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ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the supervision and participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, we have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act and were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.     LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is subject to various claims and legal actions that may arise in the ordinary course of conducting its business. Management does not expect the disposition of any of these matters to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial statements or results of operations. 

ITEM 1A.     RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in the 2021 Form 10-K.

ITEM 2.     UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The Company repurchased shares of its common stock in the open market during the six months ended June 30, 2022 as follows:

				Total Number of	Approximate Dollar Value
				Shares Purchased as Part	of Shares That May Yet
	Total Number of	Average Price Paid		of Publicly Announced	Be Purchased Under the
	Shares Purchased	per Share		Plans or Programs(1)	Plans or Programs(1)
May 1 through May 31, 2022	902,418	$	53.22	902,418	$	101,975,648
June 1 through June 30, 2022	39,461	$	50.66	39,461	$	99,976,436
Total	941,879	$	53.11	941,879	$	99,976,436

(1)    On April 19, 2022, our board of directors authorized a new share repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $150.0 million in shares of our outstanding common stock. Any repurchases under the repurchase program will be made in accordance with applicable securities laws from time to time in open market or private transactions. The extent to which we repurchase shares, and the timing of such repurchases, will be at management’s discretion and will depend upon a variety of factors, including market conditions, our capital position and amount of retained earnings, regulatory requirements and other considerations. No time limit was set for the completion of the share repurchase program, and the program may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

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ITEM 6.     EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) Exhibits

10.1	Amended Key Executive Severance Policy+*
10.2	Texas Capital Bancshares, Inc. 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan, which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 19, 2022+
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act*
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act*
32.1	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer**
32.2	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer**
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

*    Filed herewith

**    Furnished herewith

+    Management contract or compensatory plan arrangement

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

TEXAS CAPITAL BANCSHARES, INC.

Date: July 21, 2022

/s/ J. Matthew Scurlock

J. Matthew Scurlock

Chief Financial Officer

(Duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)

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