10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-K

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☒  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017:

Or

☐  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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Crexendo, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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Nevada	001-32277	87-0591719
(State or Other Jurisdiction	(Commission	(I.R.S. Employer
of Incorporation or Organization)	File Number)	Identification No.)

1615 South 52nd Street, Tempe, AZ 85281

 (Address of Principal Executive Office) (Zip Code)

(602) 714-8500

 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	OTCQX Marketplace
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.

Large accelerated filer	☐		Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	☒
			Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of December 31, 2017 was approximately $7,716,764.

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of February 19, 2018 was 14,287,556.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Registrant’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I
ITEM 1.       BUSINESS	1
ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS	6
ITEM 2.       PROPERTIES	16
ITEM 3.       LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	16
ITEM 4.       MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	16
PART II
ITEM 5.       MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND	16
ITEM 6.       SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA	17
ITEM 7.       MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	17
ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS	27
ITEM 8.       FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA	28
ITEM 9.       CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	56
ITEM 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	56
ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION	56
PART III
ITEM 10.     DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	57
ITEM 11.     EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	57
ITEM 12.     SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	57
ITEM 13.     CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	57
ITEM 14.     PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	57
PART IV
ITEM 15.     EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	60

PART I

Throughout this Annual Report, we refer to Crexendo, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, as “we,” “us,” “our Company,” “Crexendo®” or “the Company.” As used in this Annual Report, “Ride The Cloud™” is a registered trademark of our Company in the United States and other countries. All other product names are or may be trademarks of, and are used to identify the products and services of, their respective owners.

THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. THESE STATEMENTS RELATE TO FUTURE EVENTS OR OUR FUTURE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE. IN SOME CASES, YOU CAN IDENTIFY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS BY TERMINOLOGY SUCH AS “MAY,” “WILL,” “SHOULD,” “EXPECT,” “PLAN,” “INTEND,” “ANTICIPATE,” “BELIEVE,” “ESTIMATE,” “PROJECT,” “PREDICT,” “POTENTIAL” OR “CONTINUE” (INCLUDING THE NEGATIVE OF SUCH TERMS), OR OTHER SIMILAR TERMINOLOGY. THESE STATEMENTS ARE ONLY ESTIMATIONS, AND ARE BASED UPON VARIOUS ASSUMPTIONS THAT MAY NOT BE REALIZED. ACTUAL EVENTS OR RESULTS MAY DIFFER MATERIALLY. IN EVALUATING THESE STATEMENTS, YOU SHOULD SPECIFICALLY CONSIDER VARIOUS FACTORS, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE RISKS OUTLINED BELOW UNDER ITEM 1A. THESE FACTORS MAY CAUSE OUR ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM ANY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT.

ALTHOUGH WE BELIEVE THAT THE ESTIMATIONS REFLECTED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE REASONABLE, WE CANNOT GUARANTEE FUTURE RESULTS, LEVELS OF ACTIVITY, PERFORMANCE OR ACHIEVEMENTS. MOREOVER, NEITHER WE NOR ANY OTHER PERSON ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS OF THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. WE DO NOT INTEND TO UPDATE ANY OF THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AFTER THE DATE OF THIS ANNUAL REPORT TO CONFORM SUCH STATEMENTS TO ACTUAL RESULTS OR TO CHANGES IN OUR EXPECTATIONS, UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW.

ITEM 1. 

BUSINESS

OVERVIEW

Crexendo, Inc. is a next-generation CLEC and an award-winning leader and provider of unified communications cloud telecom services, broadband internet services, and other cloud business services that are designed to provide enterprise-class cloud services to any size businesses at affordable monthly rates.

Cloud Telecommunications segment - Our cloud telecommunications services transmit calls using IP or cloud technology, which converts voice signals into digital data packets for transmission over the Internet or cloud. Each of our calling plans provides a number of basic features typically offered by traditional telephone service providers, plus a wide range of enhanced features that we believe offer an attractive value proposition to our customers. This platform enables a user, via a single “identity” or telephone number, to access and utilize services and features regardless of how the user is connected to the Internet or cloud, whether it’s from a desktop device or a mobile device.

We generate recurring revenue from our cloud telecommunications and broadband Internet services. Our cloud telecommunications contracts typically have a thirty-six to sixty month term. We generate product revenue and equipment financing revenue from the sale and lease of our cloud telecommunications equipment. Revenues from the sale of equipment, including those from sales-type leases, are recognized at the time of sale or at the inception of the lease, as appropriate.

Web Services segment - We generate recurring revenue from website hosting and other professional services.

OUR SERVICES AND PRODUCTS

Our goal is to provide a broad range of cloud-based products and services that nearly eliminate the cost of a businesses’ technology infrastructure and enable businesses of any size to more efficiently run their business. By providing a variety of comprehensive and scalable solutions, we are able to cater to businesses of all sizes on a monthly subscription basis without the need for expensive capital investments, regardless of where their business is in its lifecycle. Our products and services can be categorized in the following offerings:

1

Cloud Telecommunications Services - Our cloud telecommunications service offering includes hardware, software, and unified communication solutions for businesses using IP or cloud technology over any high-speed internet connection. These services are rendered through a variety of devices and user interfaces such as a Crexendo branded desktop phones and/or mobile and desktop applications. Some examples of mobile devices are Android cell phones, iPhones, iPads or Android tablets. These services enable our customers to seamlessly communicate with others through phone calls that originate/terminate on our network or PSTN networks. Our cloud telecommunications services are powered by our proprietary implementation of standards based Web and VoIP cloud technologies. Our services use our highly scalable complex infrastructure that we build and manage based on industry standard best practices to achieve greater efficiencies, better quality of service (QoS) and customer satisfaction. Our infrastructure comprises of compute, storage, network technologies, 3rd party products and vendor relationships. We also develop end user portals for account management, license management, billing and customer support and adopt other cloud technologies through our partnerships.

Crexendo’s cloud telecommunication service offers a wide variety of essential and advanced features for businesses of all sizes. Many of these features included in the service offering are:

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Business Productivity Features such as dial-by extension and name, transfer, conference, call recording, Unlimited calling to anywhere in the US and Canada, International calling, Toll free (Inbound and Outbound)

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Individual Productivity Features such as Caller ID, Call Waiting, Last Call Return, Call Recording, Music/Message-On-Hold, Voicemail, Unified Messaging, Hot-Desking

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Group Productivity Features such as Call Park, Call Pickup, Interactive Voice Response (IVR), Individual and Universal Paging, Corporate Directory, Multi-Party Conferencing, Group Mailboxes, Web and mobile devices based collaboration applications

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Call Center Features such as Automated Call Distribution (ACD), Call Monitor, Whisper and Barge, Automatic Call Recording, One way call recording, Analytics

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Advanced Unified Communication Features such as Find-Me-Follow-Me, Sequential Ring and Simultaneous Ring, Voicemail transcription

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Mobile Features such as extension dialing, transfer and conference and seamless hand-off from WiFi to/from 3G and 4G, LTE, as well as other data services. These features are also available on CrexMo, an intelligent mobile application for iPhones and Android smartphones, as well as iPads and Android tablets

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Traditional PBX Features such as Busy Lamp Fields, System Hold. 16-48 Port density Analog Devices

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Expanded Desktop Device Selection such as Entry Level Phone, Executive Desktop, DECT Phone for roaming users

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Advanced Faxing solution such as Cloud Fax (cFax) allowing customers to send and receive Faxes from their Email Clients, Mobile Phones and Desktops without having to use a Fax Machine simply by attaching a file

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Web based online portal to administer, manage and provision the system.

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Asynchronous communication tools like SMS/MMS, chat and document sharing to keep in pace with emerging communication trends.

Many of these services are included in our basic offering to our customers for a monthly recurring fee and do not require a capital expense. Some of the advanced features such as Automatic Call Recording and Call Center Features require additional monthly fees. Crexendo continues to invest and develop its technology and CPaaS offerings to make them more competitive and profitable.

Website Services - Our website services segment allows businesses to host their websites in our data center for a recurring monthly fee.

SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services. Segment revenue and income (loss) before income tax provision was as follows (in thousands):

2

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016
Revenue:
Cloud Telecommunications	$9,320	$7,757
Web Services	1,057	1,362
Consolidated revenue	$10,377	$9,119

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016
Income/(loss) before income tax provision:
Cloud Telecommunications	$(1,514)	$(3,210)
Web Services	501	430
Loss before income tax	$(1,013)	$(2,780)

TECHNOLOGY

We believe our proprietary implementation of standard Web, IP, Cloud, Mobile and Internet technologies represent a key component of our business model. We believe these technologies and how we deliver them to our customers distinguish our services and products from the services and products offered by our competitors. Our technology infrastructure and virtual network operation center, all of which is built and managed on industry standard computers, storage, network, data and platforms offers us greater efficiencies while maintaining scalability and redundancy. The synergies between Web and Telecommunication protocols such as TCP/IP, HTTP, XML, SIP and innovations in computing, load balancing, redundancy and high availability of Web and Telecommunications technologies offers us a unique advantage in delivering these services to our customers seamlessly from our data center.

Our Cloud Telecommunications technology is continuously being enhanced with additional features and software functionality. Our current functionality includes:

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High-end desktop telephony devices such as Gigabit, PoE, 6 Line Color Phone with 10 programmable buttons and lower end Monochrome 2 Line wall mountable device;

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Basic Business Telephony Features such as those offered in a traditional private branch exchange (“PBX”) systems like extension dialing, Direct Inward Dialing (DID), Hold/Resume, Music-On-Hold, Call Transfer (Attended and Unattended), Conferencing, Local, Long Distance, Toll-Free and International Dialing, Voicemail, Auto-Attendant and traditional faxing;

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Advanced telephony features such as Call Park, Call Pickup, Paging (through the phones), Overhead paging, Call Recording;

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Call Center Functionality such as Agent Log In/Log Out, Whisper, Barge and Call center reporting;

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Unified Communications features like Simultaneous Ring, Sequential Ring, Status based Routing (Find-Me-Follow-Me), 10-party instant conference, and Mobile application (CrexMo);

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Crexendo Mobile Application (CrexMo), which allows users to place and receive extension calls using Crexendo’s network, transfer and conference other users right from their mobile device as if they were in the office. It also provided users instant access to visual voicemail and call logs;

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End User Portal and Unified Messaging with Voicemail, Call Recording and eFax inbox.

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Collaboration products like group chat, SMS/MMS, document sharing, video and web conferencing

Our website software platform is continuously being enhanced and is an innovative website-building environment. We continue to invest and develop on our Web platform to make it more easy-to-use, enable larger mobile and 3rd party integration features thus enabling our web customers to drive more traffic to their web-sites.

3

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

We invested $750,000 and $826,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, in the research and development of our technologies and data center. The majority of these expenditures were for enhancements to our cloud telecommunications products and services and website development software.

COMPETITION

The market for cloud business communications services is large and increasingly competitive. We expect competition to continue to increase in the future. Some of these competitors include:

● 

traditional on-premise, hardware business communications providers such as Alcatel-Lucent Enterprise, Avaya Inc., Cisco Systems, Inc., and Siemens Enterprise Networks, LLC, any of which may now or in the future also host their solutions through the cloud;

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software providers such as Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft Teams (formerly Skype for Business)) and BroadSoft, Inc. (which recently announced an agreement to be acquired by Cisco Systems, Inc.) that generally license their software and may now or in the future also host their solutions through the cloud, and their resellers including major carriers and cable companies;

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established communications providers that resell on-premise hardware, software, and hosted solutions, such as AT&T, Verizon Communications Inc., and Comcast Corporation in the United States, TELUS and others in Canada, and BT, Vodafone, and others in the U.K., all of whom have significantly greater resources than us and do now or may in the future also develop and/or host their own or other solutions through the cloud;

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other cloud companies such as 8x8, Inc., RingCentral, Inc., Amazon.com, Inc., DialPad, Inc., Fuze (formerly Thinking Phone Networks), StarBlue (merger of Star2Star and BlueFace), Intermedia.net, Inc., J2 Global, Inc., Jive Communications, Inc. (which recently announced an agreement to be acquired by LogMeIn, Inc.), Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft Teams (formerly Skype for Business)), Nextiva, Inc., Slack Technologies, Inc., Vonage Holdings Corp., and West Corporation;

● 

other large internet companies such as Alphabet Inc., Facebook, Inc., Oracle Corporation, and Salesforce.com, Inc., any of which might launch its own cloud-based business communication services or acquire other cloud-based business communications companies in the future; and

● 

established contact center providers such as Amazon.com, Inc., Aspect Software, Inc., Avaya Inc., Five9, Inc., Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc.), and NewVoiceMedia.

Additionally, should we determine to pursue acquisition opportunities, we may compete with other companies with similar growth strategies. Some of these competitors may be larger and have greater financial resources than we do. Competition for these acquisition targets could also result in increased prices of acquisition targets and a diminished pool of companies available for acquisition.

There are relatively low barriers to entry into our business. Our proprietary technology does not preclude or inhibit competitors from entering our markets. In particular, we anticipate new entrants will attempt to develop competing products and services or new forums for conducting e-commerce and telecommunications services which could be deemed competition. Additionally, if telecommunications service providers with more resources and name recognition were to enter our markets, they may redefine our industry and make it difficult for us to compete.

Expected technology advances associated with the Cloud, increasing use of the Cloud, and new software products are welcome advancements that we believe will broaden the Cloud’s viability. We anticipate that we can compete successfully by relying on our infrastructure, marketing strategies and techniques, systems and procedures, and by adding additional products and services in the future. We believe we can continue the operation of our business by periodic review and revision to our product offerings and marketing approach.

4

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Our success depends in part on using and protecting our proprietary technology and other intellectual property. Furthermore, we must conduct our operations without infringing on the proprietary rights of third parties. We also rely upon trade secrets and the know-how and expertise of our key employees. To protect our proprietary technology and other intellectual property, we rely on a combination of the protections provided by applicable copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and licensing arrangements. Although we believe we have taken appropriate steps to protect our intellectual property rights, including requiring employees and third parties who are granted access to our intellectual property to enter into confidentiality agreements, these measures may not be sufficient to protect our rights against third parties. Others may independently develop or otherwise acquire unpatented technologies or products similar or superior to ours.

We license from third parties certain software and Internet tools which we include in our services and products. If any of these licenses were terminated, we could be required to seek licenses for similar software and Internet tools from other third parties or develop these tools internally. We may not be able to obtain such licenses or develop such tools in a timely fashion, on acceptable terms, or at all.

Companies participating in the software, Internet technology, and telecommunication industries are frequently involved in disputes relating to intellectual property. We may be required to defend our intellectual property rights against infringement, duplication, discovery and misappropriation by third parties or to defend against third-party claims of infringement. Likewise, disputes may arise in the future with respect to ownership of technology developed by employees who were previously employed by other companies. Any such litigation or disputes could be costly and divert our attention from our business. An adverse determination could subject us to significant liabilities to third parties, require us to seek licenses from, or pay royalties to, third parties, or require us to develop appropriate alternative technology. Some or all of these licenses may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, we may be unable to develop alternate technology at an acceptable price, or at all. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial position, or results of operations.

EMPLOYEES

As of December 31, 2017, we had 54 employees; 51 full-time and 3 part-time, including 3 executives, 15 sales representatives and sales management, 10 engineers and IT support, 18 in operations and customer support, 8 in finance, legal, and other general administration.

CORPORATE INFORMATION

Crexendo, Inc. was incorporated as a Nevada corporation under the name “Netgateway, Inc.” on April 13, 1995. In November 1999, we were reincorporated under the laws of Delaware. In July 2002, we changed our corporate name to “iMergent, Inc.” In May 2011, our stockholders approved an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to change our name from "iMergent, Inc." to "Crexendo, Inc." The name change was effective May 18, 2011. Our ticker symbol "IIG" on the New York Stock Exchange was changed to “EXE” on May 18, 2011. We changed the name to better reflect the scope and direction of our business activities of assisting and providing web-based technology solutions to any size businesses who are seeking to take advantage of the benefits of conducting business on the cloud. On January 13, 2015, the Company moved to the OTCQX Marketplace and our ticker symbol was changed to “CXDO”. In November 2016, we were reincorporated as a Nevada corporation.

We are headquartered at 1615 South 52nd Street, Tempe, AZ, 85281, and our telephone number is (602) 714-8500. Our website is www.crexendo.com. Our website and the information contained therein or connected thereto shall not be deemed to be incorporated into this Annual Report.

We make available free of charge on or through our Internet website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities Exchange and Commission (“SEC”).

You may read and copy this Annual Report at the SEC’s public reference room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the public reference room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding our filings at www.sec.gov.

5

GOVERNMENTAL REGULATION

As a provider of Internet communications services, we are subject to regulation in the U.S. by the FCC. Some of these regulatory obligations include contributing to the Federal Universal Service Fund, Telecommunications Relay Service Fund and federal programs related to number administration; providing access to E-911 services; protecting customer information; and porting phone numbers upon a valid customer request. We are also required to pay state and local 911 fees and contribute to state universal service funds in those states that assess Internet voice communications services. We are a competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC) in forty-seven states. We are subject to the same FCC regulations applicable to telecommunications companies, as well as regulation by the public utility commission in these states. Specific regulations vary on a state-by-state basis, but generally include the requirement to register or seek certification to provide its services, to file and update tariffs setting forth the terms, conditions and prices for our intrastate services and to comply with various reporting, record-keeping, surcharge collection, and consumer protection requirements.

We are subject to regulations generally applicable to all businesses. We are also subject to an increasing number of laws and regulations directly applicable to telecommunication, internet access and commerce. The adoption of any such additional laws or regulations may decrease the rate of growth of the Internet, which could in turn decrease the demand for our products and services. Such laws may also increase our costs of doing business or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business prospects, financial position or results of operations. Moreover, the applicability to the Internet of existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, libel, and personal privacy is uncertain. Future federal or state legislation or regulation could have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

ITEM 1A. 

RISK FACTORS.

Our quarterly and annual results of operations have fluctuated in the past and may continue to do so in the future. As a result, we may fail to meet or to exceed the expectations of research analysts or investors, which could cause our stock price to fluctuate.

Our quarterly and annual results of operations have varied historically from period to period, and we expect that they will continue to fluctuate due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including:

●

our ability to retain existing customers and resellers, expand our existing customers’ user base, and attract new customers;

●

our ability to introduce new solutions;

●

the actions of our competitors, including pricing changes or the introduction of new solutions;

●

our ability to effectively manage our growth;

●

our ability to successfully penetrate the market for larger businesses;

●

the mix of annual and multi-year subscriptions at any given time;

●

the timing, cost, and effectiveness of our advertising and marketing efforts;

●

the timing, operating cost, and capital expenditures related to the operation, maintenance and expansion of our business;

●

service outages or information security breaches and any related impact on our reputation;

●

our ability to accurately forecast revenues and appropriately plan our expenses;

●

our ability to realize our deferred tax assets;

●

costs associated with defending and resolving intellectual property infringement and other claims;

●

changes in tax laws, regulations, or accounting rules;

●

the timing and cost of developing or acquiring technologies, services or businesses, and our ability to successfully manage any such acquisitions;

●

adverse weather conditions; and.

●

the impact of worldwide economic, political, industry, and market conditions.

Any one of the factors above, or the cumulative effect of some or all of the factors referred to above, may result in significant fluctuations in our quarterly and annual results of operations. This variability and unpredictability could result in our failure to meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors for any period, which could cause our stock price to decline. In addition, a significant percentage of our operating expenses is fixed in nature and is based on forecasted revenues trends. Accordingly, in the event of revenue shortfalls, we may not be able to mitigate the negative impact on net income (loss) and margins in the short term. If we fail to meet or exceed the expectations of research analysts or investors, the market price of our shares could fall substantially, and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class-action suits.

6

We have incurred operating losses in current and prior periods.

We sustained operating losses in the current and prior years. Our ability to obtain positive cash flows from operating activities will depend on many factors including, but not limited to, our ability to (i) improve sales and marketing efficiencies, (ii) reduce costs, (iii) reach more highly qualified prospects, and (iv) achieve operational improvements. We have incurred operating losses in each of the three prior years and may incur operating losses in the foreseeable future

Fluctuations in our operating results may affect our stock price and ability to raise capital.

Our operating results for any given quarter or fiscal year should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our future results will fluctuate, and those results may fall below the expectations of investors and may cause the trading price of our common stock to fall. This may impair our ability to raise capital, should we seek to do so. Our quarterly results may fluctuate based on, including but not limited to our sales results, marketing, management, our ability to compete, pricing, and other risk factors contained in this section.

Our Chief Executive Officer owns a significant amount of our common stock and could exercise substantial corporate control. There may be limited ability to sell the company absent the consent of the CEO.

Steven G. Mihaylo, Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of Crexendo, Inc., owns 74% of the outstanding shares of our common stock based on the number of shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017. As a result, Mr. Mihaylo would have the ability to determine the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and any merger, amalgamation, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. Mr. Mihaylo may have the ability to control the management and affairs of our Company. As a “control company” it may not be required that the company maintains an independent board. As a director and officer, Mr. Mihaylo owes a fiduciary duty to our stockholders. As a stockholder, Mr. Mihaylo is entitled to vote his shares, in his own interests, which may not always be in the interests of our stockholders generally. Accordingly, even though certain transactions may be in the best interests of other stockholders, this concentration of ownership may harm the market price of our common stock by, among other things, delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our Company, impeding a merger, amalgamation, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving our Company, or discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our Company.

In addition, sales or other dispositions of our shares by Mr. Mihaylo may depress our stock price. Sales of a significant number of shares of our common stock in the public market could harm the market price of our common stock. As additional shares of our common stock become available for resale in the public market, the supply of our common stock will increase, which could result in a decrease in the market price of our common stock.

Some of the provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so might be beneficial to our stockholders by providing them with the opportunity to sell their shares at a premium to the then market price. Our bylaws contain provisions regulating the introduction of business at annual stockholders’ meetings by anyone other than the board of directors. These provisions may have the effect of making it more difficult, delaying, discouraging, preventing or rendering costlier an acquisition or a change in control of our Company.

Our securities have been thinly traded. An active trading market in our equity securities may cease to exist, which would adversely affect the market price and liquidity of our common stock, in addition our stock price has been subject to fluctuating prices.

Our common stock is traded exclusively in the over-the-counter market. We cannot predict the actions of market makers, investors or other market participants, and can offer no assurances that the market for our securities will be stable. If there is no active trading market in our equity securities, the market price and liquidity of the securities will be adversely affected. The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares of our common stock in the market or the perception that these sales could occur. These sales also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. As of February 19, 2018, we had outstanding 14,287,556 shares of common stock.

Additional dilution will result if outstanding options to acquire shares of our common stock are exercised. In addition, in the event future financings are required they could be convertible into or exchangeable for our equity securities, investors may experience additional dilution.

Lack of sufficient stockholder equity or continued losses from operations could subject us to fail to comply with the listing requirements of the OTCQX, if that occurred, the price of our common stock and our ability to access the capital markets could be negatively impacted, and our business will be harmed. We currently do not meet the minimum listing requirement for the NYSE or NASDAQ.

7

Our common stock is currently listed on OTCQX. We have had annual losses from continuing operations for the last five years with the possibility of continued losses. While at current such losses would not impact our listing with OTCQX requirement may change from time to time and it is possible we may not remain in compliance with the minimum condition of OTCQX listing standards. Delisting from the OTCQX could negatively affect the trading price of our stock and could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of confidence by suppliers and employees, the failure to attract the interest of institutional investors, and fewer business development opportunities. At present we do not meet the minimum listing requirements for the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or the NASDAQ Stock Exchange (NASDAQ) which may make raising capital, issuing additional securities or using the securities of the Company to effect acquisitions or merger more difficult or expensive.

We may undertake acquisitions, mergers or change to our capital structure to expand our business, which may pose risks to our business and dilute the ownership of our existing stockholders.

As part of a potential growth strategy, we may attempt to acquire or merge with certain businesses. Whether we realize benefits from any such transactions will depend in part upon the integration of the acquired businesses; the performance of the acquired products, services and capacities of the technologies acquired, as well as the personnel hired in connection therewith. Accordingly, our results of operations could be adversely affected from transaction-related charges, amortization of intangible assets, and charges for impairment of long-term assets. While we believe that we have established appropriate and adequate procedures and processes to mitigate these risks, there can be no assurance that any potential transaction will be successful.

In addition, the financing of any acquisition may require us to raise additional funds through public or private sources. Additional funds may not be available on terms that are favorable to us and, in the case of equity financings, may result in dilution to our stockholders. Future acquisitions by us could also result in large and immediate write-offs or assumptions of debt and contingent liabilities, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carry-forwards may be reduced in the event of an ownership change, and could adversely affect our financial results.

As of December 31, 2017, we had net operating loss (“NOL”) carry-forwards of approximately $24,401,000, of which $5,761,000 is subject to Section 382 limitations. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”) imposes limitations on a corporation’s ability to utilize its NOL carry-forwards. In general terms, an ownership change results from transactions increasing the ownership of certain stockholders in the stock of a corporation by more than 50% over a three-year period. Since our formation, we have issued a significant number of shares, and purchasers of those shares have sold some of them, resulting in two ownership changes, as defined by Code Section 382. As a result of the last ownership change, utilization of our NOL is subject to an annual limitation determined by multiplying the value of our stock at the time of the ownership change by the applicable federal long-term tax-exempt rate. The annual limitation is approximately $461,000. Any limited amounts may be carried over into later years, and the amount of the limitation may, under certain circumstances, be increased by the “recognized built-in gains” that occur during the five-year period after the ownership change (the recognition period). Future changes in ownership of more than 50% may also limit the use of these remaining NOL carry-forwards. Our earnings, if any, and cash resources would be materially and adversely affected if we cannot receive the full benefit of the remaining NOL carry-forwards. An ownership change could occur as a result of circumstances that are not within our control.

The telecommunications industry is highly competitive. We face intense competition from traditional telephone companies, wireless companies, cable companies and alternative voice communication providers and other VoIP companies.

Our Cloud telecommunications services compete with other voice over internet protocol (VoIP) providers. In addition, we also compete with traditional telephone service providers which provide telephone service based on the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Our VoIP offering is not fully compatible with such customers. Some of these traditional providers have also added VoIP services. There is also competition from cable providers, which have added VoIP service offerings in bundled packages to their existing cable customers. The telecommunications industry is highly competitive. We face intense competition from traditional telephone companies, wireless companies, cable companies, and alternative voice communication providers.

Most traditional wire line and wireless telephone service providers, cable companies, and some VoIP providers are substantially larger and better capitalized than we are and have the advantage of a large existing customer base. Because most of our target customers are already purchasing communications services from one or more of these providers, our success is dependent upon our ability to attract target customers away from their existing providers. Our competitors’ financial resources may allow them to offer services at prices below cost or even for free in order to maintain and gain market share or otherwise improve their competitive positions.

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The markets for our products and services are continuing to evolve and are increasingly competitive. Demand and market acceptance for recently introduced and proposed new products and services and sales of such products and services are subject to a high level of uncertainty and risk. Our business may suffer if the market develops in an unexpected manner, develops more slowly than in the past or becomes saturated with competitors, if any new products and services do not sustain market acceptance. A number of very large, well-capitalized, high profile companies serve the e-commerce, VoIP and Cloud technology markets. If any of these companies entered our markets in a focused and concentrated fashion, we could lose customers, particularly more sophisticated and financially stable customers.

Our VoIP or cloud telecommunications service competes against established well financed alternative voice communication providers, (such as 8x8 and Ring Central) who may provide comparable services at comparable or lower pricing.

Pricing in the telecommunications industry is very fluid and competitive. Price is often a substantial motivation factor in a customer’s decision to switch to our telephony products and services. Our competitors may reduce their rates which may require us to reduce our rates, which would affect our margins and revenues, or otherwise make our pricing non-competitive.We may be at a disadvantage compared with those competitors who have substantially greater resources than us or may otherwise be better positioned to withstand an extended period of downward pricing pressure.

Many of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater resources and brand awareness, and a larger base of customers than we have. As a result, these competitors may have greater credibility with our existing and potential customers. Our competitors may also offer bundled service arrangements that present a more differentiated or better integrated product to customers. Announcements, or expectations, as to the introduction of new products and technologies by our competitors or us could cause customers to defer purchases of our existing products, which also could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

Changes to rates by our suppliers, competitors and increasing regulatory charges may require us to raise prices which could impact results.

Pricing in the telecommunications industry is very fluid and competitive. Price is often a substantial motivating factor in a customer’s decision to switch to our cloud telecommunications products and services. Our competitors may reduce their rates which may require us to reduce our rates, which would affect our margins and revenues, or otherwise make our pricing non-competitive. Our upstream carriers, suppliers and vendors may increase their rates thus directly impacting our cost of sales, which would affect our margins. Interconnected VoIP traffic may be subject to increased charges. Should this occur, the rates paid to our underlying carriers may increase which could reduce our profitability. Changes in our underlying costs of sales may increase rates we charge our customers which could make us less competitive and impact our sales and retention of existing customers.

We have targeted sales to mid-market and larger enterprise customers. Not properly managing these customers could negatively affect our business, margins, cash flow and operations.

Selling to larger enterprise customers contains inherent risks and uncertainties. Our sales cycle has become more time-consuming and expensive. The delays associated with closing and installing larger customers may impact results on a quarter to quarter basis. There may be additional pricing pressure in this market which may affect margins and profitability. Revenue recognition may be delayed for some complex transactions, all of which could harm our business and operating results. The loss of a large customer may have a material negative impact on quarterly or annual results.

Multi-location users require additional and expensive customer service which may require additional expense and impact margins on enterprise sales. Enterprise customers may demand more features, integration services and customization which require additional engineering and operational time which could impact margins on an enterprise sale. Multi-location enterprise customer sales may have different requirement in different locations which may be difficult to fulfill or satisfy various interests which could result in cancellations.

Enterprise customers might demand we provide service locations internationally where we may encounter technical, logistical, infrastructure and regulatory limitations on our ability to implement or deliver our services. Our inability to provide service in certain international locations may result in a cancellation of the entire contract. Further with larger enterprise customer sales, the risk of customers transporting desktop devices internationally without our knowledge may increase.

We must acquire new customers on an ongoing basis to maintain and increase our customers and revenues.

We will have to acquire new customers in order to increase revenues. We incur significant costs to acquire new customers, and those costs are an important factor in determining our profitability. Therefore, if we are unsuccessful in retaining customers or are required to spend significant amounts to acquire new customers beyond those budgeted, our revenue could decrease, which could prevent us from reaching profitability and have our net loss increase. Marketing expenditures are an ongoing requirement and will become a larger ongoing requirement of our business.

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If we do not successfully expand our sales including our partner channel program and direct sales, we may be unable to substantially increase our sales.

We sell our products primarily through direct sales and our partner channel, and we must substantially expand the number of partners and producing direct sales personnel to increase organic revenue substantially. If we are unable to expand our partner channel network and hire and retain qualified sales personnel, our ability to increase our organic revenue and grow our business could be compromised. The challenge of attracting, training, and retaining qualified candidates, may make it difficult to grow revenue.

We face risks in our sales to certain market segments including, but not limited to, sales subject to HIPPA Regulations.

We have sold and will continue to attempt to sell to certain customer segments which may have requirements for additional privacy or security. In addition sales may be made to customers that are subject to additional security requirements and or HIPPA requirements. Selling into segments with additional requirements increases potential liability which in some instances may be unlimited. While the Company believes it meets or exceeds all requirements for sales into such segments, there is no assurance that the Company systems fully comply with all requirements. Our customers can use our services to store contact and other personal or identifying information, and to process, transmit, receive, store and retrieve a variety of communications and messages, including information about their own customers and other contacts. In addition, customers may use our services to store protected health information, or PHI, that is protected under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA, Noncompliance with laws and regulations relating to privacy and HIPAA may lead to significant fines, penalties or civil liability.

We face risks in our strategy of designing and developing our own desktop telephones (”desktop devices”).

We continue to primarily sell Crexendo ® branded desktop devices, although, the Company also supports third party devices manufactured by Yealink, Cisco, and Polycom. Our desktop devices are being manufactured by third party vendors in China. The Crexendo branded desktop devices include firmware specifically designed for our cloud telecommunications services. If the phones are successfully manufactured there is no assurance of the acceptance of the desktop devices. Successful roll out is not guaranteed and is contingent on various factors including but not limited to; meeting certain industry standards, the availability of our vendors to meet agreed terms, supply from vendors being sufficient to meet demand, industry acceptance of the desktop devices, desktop devices meeting the needs of our customers, competitive pricing of the desktop devices, feature set of the desktop devices being up to competitive standards, regulatory approval as required of the desktop devices and competitor claims relating to the desktop devices. Our failure to be able to fully implement the sale of the Crexendo desktop devices or the inability to have desktop devices manufactured to meet our supply needs may cause us damage as well as require us to have to purchase desktop devices from other suppliers at a higher price which could affect sales and margins. Our desktop devices come preloaded with our firmware and are not currently intended to work with other competitors’ or vendors' services.

Our churn rate may increase in future periods due to customer cancellations or other factors, which may adversely impact our revenue or require us to spend more money to grow our customer base.

Our customers generally have initial service periods of between three and five year and may discontinue their subscriptions for our services after the expiration of their initial subscription period. In addition, our customers may renew for lower subscription amounts or for shorter contract lengths. We may not accurately predict cancellation rates for our customers. Our cancellation rates may increase or fluctuate because of a number of factors, including customer usage, pricing changes, number of applications used by our customers, customer satisfaction with our service, the acquisition of our customers by other companies and deteriorating general economic conditions. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our service or decrease the amount they spend with us, our revenue will decline, and our business will suffer.

Our rate of customer cancellations may increase in future periods due to many factors, some of which are beyond our control, such as the financial condition of our customers or the state of credit markets. In addition, a single, protracted service outage or a series of service disruptions, whether due to our services or those of our bandwidth carriers, may result in a sharp increase in customer cancellations.

If we do not successfully expand our physical infrastructure and build diverse geo redundant locations, which require large investments, we may be unable to substantially increase our sales and retain customers

Our ability to provide cloud telecommunications services is dependent upon on Data Center, facilities and equipment in our single Data Center. While most of our equipment required for providing these services are redundant in nature and offer high availability, certain types of failures or malfunctioning of critical hardware/software equipment, including but not limited to fire, water or other physical damage may impact our ability to deliver continuous service to our customers, which may impact our revenue, profitability and retaining of customer and acquiring new customers.

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Our ability to provide telecommunication services due to loss of physical facilities in our only data center from act of God or terrorism or vandalism or gross negligence of person(s) currently or formerly associated with the company may result in loss of revenue and future business.

Our ability to recover from disasters, if and when they occur is paramount to offer continued service to our existing customers. While we have adequate equipment and procedures to handle disaster recovery including but not limited to offsite data storage; recovery from such scenarios may cause excessive delays in restoration of service and may result in some data loss. This may lead to loss of customers and may severely impact our revenue.

We may not be able to scale our business efficiently or quickly enough to meet our customers' growing needs, in which case our operating results could be harmed.

As usage of our cloud telecommunications services by mid-market and larger distributed enterprises expands and as customers continue to integrate our services across their enterprises, we are required to devote additional resources to improving our application architecture, integrating our products and applications across our technology platform as well as expanding integration and performance. We will need to appropriately scale our internal business systems and our services organization, including customer support and services and regulatory compliance, to serve a growing customer base. Any failure of or delay in these efforts could cause to prevent acquisition of customers, impaired system performance and reduced customer satisfaction. These issues could result in decreased sales to new customers, lower renewal rates by existing customers, which could hurt our revenue growth and our reputation. We cannot be sure that the expansion and improvements to our infrastructure and systems will be fully or effectively implemented on a timely basis, if at all. These efforts may reduce revenue and our margins and adversely impact our financial results.

Our success depends in part upon the capacity, reliability, and performance of our network infrastructure, including the capacity provided by our Internet bandwidth suppliers.

We depend on these companies to provide uninterrupted and error-free service. Some of these providers are also our competitors. We do not have control over these providers. We may be subject to interruptions or delays in network service. If we fail to maintain reliable bandwidth or performance that could significantly reduce customer demand for our services and damage our business.

Our success depends in part upon the capacity, reliability, and performance of our telecom carriers, and their network infrastructure, including the capacity provided by our Tier 1 and non-Tier 1 Telecom suppliers for Telecom Origination and Termination Services

We depend on these companies to provide uninterrupted and error-free service telecom services, sourcing of DIDs, porting of numbers and delivering telephone calls from and to endpoints and devices on our network. Some of these providers are also our competitors. We do not have control over these providers. We may be subject to interruptions or delays in their service. If we fail to maintain reliable connectivity or performance with our upstream carriers it could then significantly reduce customer demand for our services and damage our business.

Our ability to provide telecommunications services is dependent upon third-party facilities and equipment, the failure of which could cause delays or interruptions of our service and impact our revenue and profitability.

Our ability to provide quality and reliable cloud telecommunications service is in part dependent upon the proper functioning of facilities and equipment owned and operated by third parties and is, therefore, beyond our control. Our cloud telecommunications service (and to a lesser extend our e-commerce services) requires our customers to have an operative broadband Internet connection and an electrical power supply, which are provided by the customer’s Internet service provider and electric utility company and not by us. The quality of some broadband Internet connections may be too poor for customers to use our services properly. In addition, if there is any interruption to a customer’s broadband Internet service or electrical power supply, that customer will be unable to make or receive calls, including emergency calls (our E-911 service), using our service. We outsource several of our network functions to third-party providers. If our third-party service providers fail to maintain these facilities properly, or fail to respond quickly to problems, our customers may experience service interruptions. The failure of any of these third party service providers to properly maintain services may be subject to factors including but not limited to the following: (i) cause a loss of customers, (ii) adversely affect our reputation, (iii) cause negative publicity, (iv) negatively impact our ability to acquire customers, (v) negatively impact our revenue and profitability, (vi) potential law suits for not reaching E-911 services, and (vii) potential law suits for loss of business and loss of reputation.

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We rely on third parties to provide a portion of our customer service responses, initiate local number portability for our customers, deliver calls to and from PSTN and other public telephone VoIP/Wireless service providers and provide aspects of our E-911 service.

We offer our cloud telecommunications customers support 24 hours a day, seven days a week. We may rely on third parties (sometimes outside of the U.S) to respond to customer inquiries. These third-party providers generally represent us without identifying themselves as independent parties. The ability of third-party providers to provide these representatives may be disrupted due to issues outside our control.

We also maintain an agreement with an E-911 provider to assist us in routing emergency calls directly to an emergency service dispatcher at the PSAP in the area of the customer’s registered location and terminating E-911 calls. We also contract with a provider for the national call center that operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week to receive certain emergency calls and with several companies that maintain PSAP databases for the purpose of deploying and operating E-911 services. The dispatcher will have automatic access to the customer's telephone number and registered location information. If a customer moves their Crexendo service to a new location, the customer's registered location information must be updated and verified by the customer. Until that takes place, the customer will have to verbally advise the emergency dispatcher of his or her actual location at the time of an emergency 9-1-1 call. This can lead to delays in the delivery of emergency services

Interruptions in service from these vendors could also cause failures in our customers’ access to E-911 services and expose us to liability.

We also have agreements with companies that initiate our local number portability, which allow new customers to retain their existing telephone numbers when subscribing to our services. We will need to work with these companies to properly port numbers. The failure to port numbers may subject us to loss of customers or regulatory review.

If any of these third parties do not provide reliable, high-quality service, our reputation and our business will be harmed. In addition, industry consolidation among providers of services to us may impact our ability to obtain these services or increase our expense for these services.

Our dependence on outside contractors and third-party agents for fulfillment of certain items and critical manufacturing services could result in product or delivery delays and/or damage our customer relations.

We outsource the manufacturing of certain products we sell and products we provide. We submit purchase orders to agents or the companies that manufacture the products. We describe, among other things, the type and quantities of products or components to be supplied or manufactured and the delivery date and other terms applicable to the products or components. Our suppliers or manufacturers potentially may not accept any purchase order that we submit. Our reliance on outside parties involves a number of potential risks, including: (i) the absence of adequate capacity, (ii) the unavailability of, or interruptions in access to, production or manufacturing processes, (iii) reduced control over delivery schedules, (iv) errors in the product, and (v) claims of third party intellectual infringement or defective merchandise. If delays, problems or defects were to occur, it could adversely affect our business, cause claims for damages to be filed against us, and negatively impact our consolidated operations and cash flows.

Errors in our technology or technological issues outside our control could cause delays or interruptions to our customers.

Our services (including cloud telecommunications and e-commerce) may be disrupted by problems with our technology and systems such as malfunctions in our software or facilities. In addition there may be service interruptions for reasons outside our control. Our customers and potential customers subscribing to our services have experienced interruptions in the past and may experience interruptions in the future as a result of these types of problems. Interruptions could cause us to lose customers and offer customer credits, which could adversely affect our revenue and profitability. Network and Telecommunication interruptions may also impair our ability to sign-up new customers. In addition since our systems and our customers’ ability to use our services are Internet-dependent, our services may be subject to “cyber-attacks” from the Internet, which could have a significant impact on our systems and services. Our customers’ ability to use our services is dependent on third-party internet providers which may suffer service disruptions. If service interruptions adversely affect the perceived reliability of our service, we may have difficulty attracting and retaining customers and our growth may suffer.

Our operations could be hurt by a natural disaster, network security breach, or other catastrophic event.

We maintain a fully redundant network infrastructure in our data center in Tempe, Arizona. Currently, we do not have multiple site capacity if any catastrophic event occurs, although we expect to attain multiple site redundancy sometime in the future. This system does not guarantee continued reliability if a catastrophic event occurs. Despite implementation of network security measures, our servers may be vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems including, but not limited to, denial of service attacks. In addition, if there is a breach or alleged breach of security or privacy involving our services including but not limited to data loss, or if any third party undertakes illegal or harmful actions using our communications or e-commerce services, our business and reputation could suffer substantial adverse publicity and impairment. We have experienced interruptions in service in the past. While we do not believe that we have lost customers as a consequence, the harm to our reputation is difficult to assess. We have taken and continue to take steps to improve our infrastructure to prevent service interruptions.

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Failure in our data center or services could lead to significant costs and disruptions.

All data centers, including ours, are subject to various points of failure. Problems with cooling equipment, generators, uninterruptible power supply, routers, switches, or other equipment, whether or not within our control, could result in service interruptions for our customers as well as equipment damage. Any failure or downtime could affect a significant percentage of our customers. The total destruction or severe impairment of our data center facilities could result in significant downtime of our services and the loss of customer data.

Internet security issues and growing Cyber threats pose risks to the development of e-commerce and our business.

Security and privacy concerns may inhibit the growth of the Internet and other online services generally, especially as a means of conducting commercial transactions.

We could experience security breaches in the transmission and analysis of confidential and proprietary information of the consumer, the merchant, or both, as well as our own confidential and proprietary information.

Anyone able to circumvent security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions in our operations, as well as the operations of the merchant. We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against security breaches or to minimize problems caused by security breaches. To the extent that we experience breaches in the security of proprietary information which we store and transmit, our reputation could be damaged and we could be exposed to a risk of loss or litigation.

We collect personal and credit card information from our customers and employees could misuse this information.

We maintain credit card and other personal information in our systems. Due to the sensitive nature of retaining such information we have implemented policies and procedures to preserve and protect our data and our customers’ data against loss, misuse, corruption, misappropriation caused by systems failures, unauthorized access, or misuse. Notwithstanding these policies, we could be subject to liability claims by individuals and customers whose data resides in our databases for the misuse of that information. While the Company believes its systems meet or exceed industry standards the Company does not believe it is required to meet PCI level 1 compliance and has not certified under that level. Failure to meet PCI compliance levels could negatively impact the Company’s ability to collect and store credit card information which could cause substantial disruption to our business.

We depend upon industry standard protocols, best practices, solutions, third-party software, technology, tools including but not limited to Open Source software.

We rely on non-proprietary third party licensing and software some of which may be Open Source and protected under various licensing agreements. We may be subject to additional royalties, license or trademark infringement costs or other unknown costs when one or more of these third-party technologies are affected or need to be replaced due to end-of-support or end-of-sale of such third parties.

We may incur substantial expenses in defending against third-party patent and trademark infringement claims regardless of their merit.

From time to time, parties may assert patent infringement claims against us in the form of letters, lawsuits, and other forms of communication. Third parties may also assert claims against us alleging infringement of copyrights, trademark rights, trade secret rights or other proprietary rights or alleging unfair competition. If there is a determination that we have infringed third-party proprietary rights, we could incur substantial monetary liability and be prevented from using the rights in the future.

We depend on our senior management and other key personnel, and a loss of these individuals could adversely impact our ability to execute our business plan and grow our business.

We depend on the continued services of our key personnel, including our Officers and certain engineers. Each of these individuals has acquired specialized knowledge and skills with respect to our operations. The loss of one or more of these key personnel could negatively impact our performance. In addition, we expect to hire additional personnel as we continue to execute our strategic plan, particularly if we are successful in expanding our operations. Competition for the limited number of qualified personnel in our industry is intense. At times, we have experienced difficulties in hiring personnel with the necessary training or experience.

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Our public filings are subject to review by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Our SEC filings are reviewed by the SEC from time to time and any significant changes required as a result of any such review may result in material liability to us and have a material adverse impact on the trading price of our common stock.

Examinations by relevant tax authorities may result in material changes in related tax reserves for tax positions taken in previously filed tax returns or may impact the valuation of certain deferred income tax assets, such as net operating loss carry-forwards.

Based on the outcome of examinations by relevant tax authorities, or as a result of the expiration of statutes of limitations for specific jurisdictions, it is reasonably possible that the related tax reserves for tax positions taken regarding previously filed tax returns will materially change from those recorded in our financial statements. In addition, the outcome of examinations may impact the valuation of certain deferred income tax assets (such as net operating loss carry-forwards) in future periods. It is not possible to estimate the impact of the amount of such changes, if any, to previously recorded uncertain tax positions.

Changes in our business model and sales strategies may adversely impact revenue.

When the Company shifted away from a seminar sales model, our web services revenue was adversely impacted. Our website hosting revenue has continued to decline since we no longer sell our website development software through a seminar sales model. The Company is not actively marketing its website development software or website hosting services. Our web services segment revenue may continue to decline over time as more competitors enter the website building and hosting industry.

From time to time we had been the subject of governmental inquiries and investigations related to our discontinued seminar sales model and business practices that could require us to pay refunds, damages or fines, which could negatively impact our financial results or ability to conduct business. We have received customer complaints and civil actions.

From time to time, we received inquiries from federal, national, state, city and local government officials in the various jurisdictions in which we operated. These inquiries had historically been related to our discontinued seminar sales practices. There is still the potential of review of past sales and sales of our current web and telecom services. We respond to these inquiries and have generally been successful in addressing the concerns of these persons and entities, without a formal complaint or charge being made, although there is often no formal closing of the inquiry or investigation. The ultimate resolution of these or other inquiries or investigations may have a material adverse effect on our business or operations, or a formal complaint could be initiated. During the ordinary course of business, we also receive a number of complaints and inquiries from customers, governmental and private entities. In some cases, these complaints and inquiries from agencies and customers have ended up in civil court. We may continue to receive customer and agency claims and actions.

Changes in laws and regulations and the interpretation and enforcement of such laws and regulations could adversely impact our financial results or ability to conduct business.

We are subject to a variety of federal and state laws and regulations as well as oversight from a variety of governmental agencies and public service commissions. The laws governing our business may change in ways that harm our business. Federal or state governmental agencies administering and enforcing such laws may also choose to interpret and apply them in ways that harm our business. These interpretations are also subject to change. Regulatory action could materially impair or force us to change our business model and may adversely affect our revenue, increase our compliance costs, and reduce our profitability. In addition, governmental agencies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and state taxing authorities may conclude that we have violated federal laws, state laws or other rules and regulations, and we could be subject to fines, penalties or other actions that could adversely impact our financial results or our ability to conduct business.

The FCC net neutrality rules have changed. We cannot predict the effect of this, nor the impact of this change on our business.

We could face interference with our services, lower speed of bandwidth for our services and/or higher costs. While we believe interference with access to our products and services remains unlikely, broadband Internet access provider interference has occurred, and could increase in frequency due to the termination of the network neutrality rules. This could cause us to lose existing customers, impair our ability to attract new customers, and harm our revenue and growth. These problems could also arise in international markets.

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Our Telecommunications services are required to comply with industry standards, FCC regulations, privacy laws as well as certain State and local jurisdiction specific regulations failure to comply with those may subject us to penalties and may also require us to modify existing products and/or service.

The acceptance of telecommunications services is dependent upon our meeting certain industry standards. We are required to comply with certain rules and regulations of the FCC regarding safety standards. Standards are continuously being modified and replaced. As standards evolve, we may be required to modify our existing products or develop and support new versions of our products. We must comply with certain federal, state, and local requirements regarding how we interact with our customers, including marketing practices, consumer protection, privacy, and billing issues, the provision of 9-1-1 emergency service and the quality of service we provide to our customers. The failure of our products and services to comply, or delays in compliance, with various existing and evolving standards could delay future offerings and impact our sales, margins, and profitability. Changes to the Universal Service Funds by the FCC or various States may require us to increase our costs which could negatively affect revenue and margins.

We are subject to Federal laws and FCC regulations that require us to protect customer information. While we have protections in place to protect customer information there is no assurance that our systems will not be subject to failure or intentional fraudulent attack. The failure to protect required information could subject us to penalties and diminish the confidence our customers have in our systems which could negatively affect results. While we try to comply with all applicable data protection laws, regulations, standards, and codes of conduct, as well as our own posted privacy policies and contractual commitments to the extent possible, any failure by us to protect our users’ privacy and data, including as a result of our systems being compromised by hacking or other malicious or surreptitious activity, could result in a loss of user confidence in our services and ultimately in a loss of users, which could materially and adversely affect our business as well as subject us to law suits, civil fines and criminal penalties.

Governmental entities, class action lawyers and consumer advocates are reviewing the data collection and use by companies that must maintain such data. Our own requirements as well as regulatory codes of conduct, enforcement actions by regulatory agencies, and lawsuits by other parties could impose additional compliance costs on us as well as subject us to unknown potential liabilities. These evolving laws, rules and practices may also curtail our current business activities which may delay or affect our ability to become profitable as well as affect customers and other business opportunities.

We are also subject to the privacy and data protection-related obligations in our contracts with our customers and other third parties. Any failure, or perceived failure, to comply with federal, state, or international laws, or to comply with our contractual obligations related to privacy, could result in proceedings or actions against us which could result in significant liability to us as well as harm to our reputation. Additionally, third parties with whom we contract may violate or appear to violate laws or regulations which could subject us to the same risks.

There is considerable uncertainty with respect to the state of law governing data transfers between the European Union ("EU"), and other countries with similar data protection laws, and it remains unclear what the final resolution will be for cross-border data transfers of personal information. There may be risks associated with data transfer and customers who use International Locations.

States are adding regulation for VoIP providers which could increase our costs and change certain aspects of our service.

Certain states take the position that offerings by VoIP providers are intrastate and therefore subject to state regulation. We have registered as a CLEC in most states, however our rates are not regulated in the same manner as traditional telephone service providers. Some states are also requiring that we register as a seller of VoIP services even though we have registered as a CLEC. Some states argue that if the beginning and desktop devices of communications are known, and if some of these communications occur entirely within the boundaries of a state, the state can regulate that offering and may therefore add additional taxes or surcharges or regulate rates in a similar matter to traditional telephone service providers. We believe that the FCC has pre-empted states from regulating VoIP providers in the same manner as providers of traditional telecommunications services. We cannot predict how this issue will be resolved or its impact on our business at this time.

Our ability to offer services outside the U.S. is subject to different regulations which may be unknown and uncertain.

Regulatory treatment of VoIP providers outside the United States varies from country to country, and local jurisdictions. Many times, the laws are vague, unclear and regulations are not enforced uniformly. We are licensed as a VoIP seller in Canada, and are considering expanding to other countries. We also cannot control if our customers take their devices out of the United States and use them abroad. Our resellers may sell to customers who maintain facilities outside the United States. The failure by us or our customers and resellers to comply with laws and regulations could reduce our revenue and profitability. As we expand to additional Countries there may be additional regulations that we are required to comply with, the failure to comply or properly assess regulations may subject us to penalties, fines and other actions which could materially affect our business.1

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ITEM 2. 

PROPERTIES

Our corporate office consists of approximately 22,000 square feet of office space in Tempe, Arizona owned by our CEO. Our corporate office is located at 1615 South 52nd Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281. We maintain property insurance on the corporate office building as required by the lease and tenant fire and casualty insurance on our assets located in these buildings in an amount that we deem adequate.

ITEM 3. 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time we receive inquiries from federal, state, city and local government officials as well as the FCC and taxing authorities in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. These inquiries and investigations related primarily to our discontinued seminar operations and concern compliance with various city, county, state, and/or federal regulations involving sales, representations made, customer service, refund policies, services and marketing practices. We respond to these inquiries and have generally been successful in addressing the concerns of these persons and entities, without a formal complaint or charge being made, although there is often no formal closing of the inquiry or investigation. There can be no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these or other inquiries and investigations will not have a material adverse effect on our business or operations, or that a formal complaint will not be initiated. We also receive complaints and inquiries in the ordinary course of our business from both customers and governmental and non-governmental bodies on behalf of customers, and in some cases these customer complaints have risen to the level of litigation. There can be no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

ITEM 4. 

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

The disclosure required by this item is not applicable

PART II

ITEM 5. 

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

MARKET INFORMATION

Our common stock began trading on the NYSE - MKT on August 16, 2004 under the symbol “IIG.” In May 2011, our stockholders approved an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to change our name from "iMergent, Inc." to "Crexendo, Inc." The name change was effective May 18, 2011. Our ticker symbol "IIG" on the New York Stock Exchange was changed to “EXE” on May 18, 2011. On January 13, 2015, the Company moved to the OTCQX Marketplace and our ticker symbol was changed to “CXDO”. The following table sets forth the range of high and low sales prices as reported on the OTCQX Marketplace for the periods indicated.

16

	High	Low
Year Ended December 31, 2017
October to December 2017	$2.71	$1.46
July to September 2017	1.95	1.45
April to June 2017	1.84	1.45
January to March 2017	1.60	1.45
Year Ended December 31, 2016
October to December 2016	$1.55	$1.36
July to September 2016	1.50	1.30
April to June 2016	1.55	1.21
January to March 2016	1.41	0.61

SECURITY HOLDERS

There were approximately 1,191 holders of record of our shares of common stock as of December 31, 2017. The number of holders does not include individual participants in security positions listings.

DIVIDENDS

There were no dividends declared for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SEQURITIES

None

RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES

None

ITEM 6.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not required.

ITEM 7. 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

SAFE HARBOR

In addition to historical information, this Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, risks and uncertainties, including the risk factors set forth in Item 1A. above and the risk factors set forth in this Annual Report. Generally, the words “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “believe” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report are made as of the filing date of this Annual Report with the SEC, and future events or circumstances could cause results that differ significantly from the forward-looking statements included here. Accordingly, we caution readers not to place undue reliance on these statements. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update or alter our forward-looking statements, whether, as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this document.

17

OVERVIEW

Crexendo, Inc. is a next-generation CLEC and an award-winning leader and provider of unified communications cloud telecom services, broadband internet services, and other cloud business services that are designed to provide enterprise-class cloud services to any size businesses at affordable monthly rates. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services.

Cloud Telecommunications - Our cloud telecommunications services transmit calls using IP or cloud technology, which converts voice signals into digital data packets for transmission over the Internet or cloud. Each of our calling plans provides a number of basic features typically offered by traditional telephone service providers, plus a wide range of enhanced features that we believe offer an attractive value proposition to our customers. This platform enables a user, via a single “identity” or telephone number, to access and utilize services and features regardless of how the user is connected to the Internet or cloud, whether it’s from a desktop device or an application on a mobile device.

We generate recurring revenue from our cloud telecommunications and broadband Internet services. Our cloud telecommunications contracts typically have a thirty-six to sixty month term. We generate product revenue and equipment financing revenue from the sale and lease of our cloud telecommunications equipment. Revenues from the sale of equipment, including those from sales-type leases, are recognized at the time of sale or at the inception of the lease, as appropriate.

Our Cloud Telecommunications service revenue increased 27% or $1,691,000 to $7,973,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $6,282,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Our Cloud Telecommunications product revenue decreased 9% or $128,000 to $1,347,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $1,475,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, our backlog was $19,871,000 and $15,921,000, respectively.

Web Services –We generate recurring revenue from website hosting and other professional services.

Our Web Services revenue decreased 22% or $305,000 to $1,057,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $1,362,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Results of Consolidated Operations

The following discussion of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto and other financial information included herein this Annual Report.

Results of Consolidated Operations (in thousands, except for per share amounts)

	Year Ended December 31,
Consolidated	2017	2016
Service revenue	$9,030	$7,644
Product revenue	$1,347	$1,475
Total revenue	$10,377	$9,119
Loss before income taxes	(1,013)	(2,780)
Income tax provision	(7)	(12)
Net loss	(1,020)	(2,792)
Basic/diluted net loss per share	$(0.07)	$(0.21)

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016

Service Revenue

Service revenue consists primarily of fees collected for cloud telecommunications services, professional services, interest from sales-type leases, broadband Internet services, website hosting, and web management services. Service revenue increased 18% or $1,386,000, to $9,030,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $7,644,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Cloud Telecommunications service revenue increased 27% or $1,691,000, to $7,973,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $6,282,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Web service revenue decreased 22% or $305,000, to $1,057,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $1,362,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016.

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Product Revenue

Product revenue consists primarily of fees collected for the sale of desktop phone devices and third party equipment. Product revenue decreased by 9% or $128,000, to $1,347,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $1,475,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Product revenue fluctuates from one period to the next based on timing of installations. Our typical customer installation is complete within 30 days. However, larger enterprise customers can take multiple months, depending on size and the number of locations. Product revenue is recognized when products have been installed and services commence. We believe growth will initially be seen through increase in our backlog.

Loss Before Income Taxes

Loss before income tax decreased 64% or $1,767,000 to $1,013,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $2,780,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in loss before income tax is primarily due to an increase in revenue of $1,258,000 and a decrease in total operating expenses of $680,000, offset by an increase in other expense of $171,000 related to interest expense from the related party note payable and decrease in sublease income of $97,000 from fulfillment of our lease obligations.

Income Tax Provision

We had an income tax provision of $7,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to an income tax provision of $12,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. We had a pre-tax loss for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 of $1,013,000 and $2,780,000, respectively, and a full valuation allowance on all of our deferred tax assets for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To evaluate our business, we consider and use non-generally accepted accounting principles (Non-GAAP) net income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure of operating performance. These measures include the same adjustments that management takes into account when it reviews and assesses operating performance on a period-to-period basis. We consider Non-GAAP net income (loss) to be an important indicator of overall business performance because it allows us to evaluate results without the effects of share-based compensation, rent expense paid with common stock, and amortization of intangibles. We define EBITDA as U.S. GAAP net income (loss) before interest income, interest expense, other income and expense, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. We believe EBITDA provides a useful metric to investors to compare us with other companies within our industry and across industries. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA adjusted for share-based compensation, and rent expense paid with stock. We use Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure to review and assess operating performance. We also believe use of Adjusted EBITDA facilitates investors’ use of operating performance comparisons from period to period, as well as across companies.

In our March 6, 2018 earnings press release, as furnished on Form 8-K, we included Non-GAAP net loss, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. The terms Non-GAAP net loss, EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA are not defined under U.S. GAAP, and are not measures of operating income, operating performance or liquidity presented in analytical tools, and when assessing our operating performance, Non-GAAP net loss, EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for net loss or other consolidated income statement data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations include, but are not limited to:

● 

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

● 

they do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

● 

they do not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt that we may incur;

● 

they do not reflect income taxes or the cash requirements for any tax payments;

● 

although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will be replaced sometime in the future, and EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements;

● 

while share-based compensation is a component of operating expense, the impact on our financial statements compared to other companies can vary significantly due to such factors as the assumed life of the options and the assumed volatility of our common stock; and

● 

other companies may calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

19

We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our U.S. GAAP results and using Non-GAAP net income (loss), EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA only as supplemental support for management’s analysis of business performance. Non-GAAP net income (loss), EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are calculated as follows for the periods presented.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In accordance with the requirements of Regulation G issued by the SEC, we are presenting the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures and reconciling the unaudited Non-GAAP financial metrics to the comparable U.S. GAAP measures.

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Net Loss to Non-GAAP Net Income/(Loss)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended December 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016	2017	2016
	(In thousands)		(In thousands)
U.S. GAAP net loss	$(7)	$(525)	$(1,020)	$(2,792)
Share-based compensation	92	149	573	653
Amortization of rent expense paid in stock, net of deferred gain	-	57	38	229
Amortization of intangible assets	23	33	96	131
Non-cash interest expense	3	30	201	124
Non-GAAP net income/(loss)	$111	$(256)	$(112)	$(1,655)
Non-GAAP net income/(loss) per common share:
Basic	$0.01	$(0.02)	$(0.01)	$(0.12)
Diluted	$0.01	$(0.02)	$(0.01)	$(0.12)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	14,276,729	13,483,502	13,938,342	13,358,311
Diluted	14,732,765	13,483,502	13,938,342	13,358,311

 Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Net Loss to EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended December 31,		Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016	2017	2016
	(In thousands)		(In thousands)
U.S. GAAP net loss	$(7)	$(525)	$(1,020)	$(2,792)
Depreciation and amortization	25	36	106	146
Interest expense	3	33	209	138
Interest and other income	(4)	(18)	(21)	(121)
Income tax provision/(benefit)	(9)	1	7	12
EBITDA	8	(473)	(719)	(2,617)
Share-based compensation	92	149	573	653
Amortization of rent expense paid in stock, net of deferred gain	-	57	38	229
Adjusted EBITDA	$100	$(267)	$(108)	$(1,735)

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The following accounting policies are the most critical in understanding our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and that may require management to make subjective or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain.

20

Goodwill – Goodwill is tested for impairment using a fair-value-based approach on an annual basis (December 31) and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist.

Intangible Assets - Our intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships and developed technology. The intangible assets are amortized following the patterns in which the economic benefits are consumed. We periodically review the estimated useful lives of our intangible assets and review these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The determination of impairment is based on estimates of future undiscounted cash flows. If an intangible asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of the impairment will be equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset.

Contingent liabilities - Contingent liabilities require significant judgment in estimating potential payouts. Contingent considerations arising from business combinations require management to estimate future payouts based on forecasted results, which are highly sensitive to the estimates of discount rates and future revenues. These estimates can change significantly from period to period and reviewed each reporting period to establish the fair value of the contingent liability.

For additional information on use of estimates, see summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Segment Operating Results

The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services. The information below is organized in accordance with our two reportable segments. Segment operating income (loss) is equal to segment net revenue less segment cost of service revenue, cost of product revenue, sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses.  

Operating Results of our Cloud Telecommunications Segment (in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,
Cloud Telecommunications	2017	2016
Service revenue	$7,973	$6,282
Product revenue	1,347	1,475
Total revenue	9,320	7,757
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue	2,791	2,790
Cost of product revenue	549	632
Research and development	726	793
Selling and marketing	2,924	2,531
General and administrative	3,661	4,185
Total operating expenses	10,651	10,931
Operating loss	(1,331)	(3,174)
Other expense	(183)	(36)
Loss before tax provision	$(1,514)	$(3,210)

21

Quarterly Financial Information

	For the three months ended
	March 31,	June 30,	September 30,	December 31,
Cloud Telecommunications	2017	2017	2017	2017
Service revenue	1,782	1,913	2,042	2,236
Product revenue	279	303	385	380
Total revenue	2,061	2,216	2,427	2,616
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue	661	675	683	772
Cost of product revenue	108	124	152	165
Research and development	184	179	188	175
Selling and marketing	690	709	734	791
General and administrative	1,034	902	866	859
Total operating expenses	2,677	2,589	2,623	2,762
Operating loss	(616)	(373)	(196)	(146)
Other income/(expense)	(30)	(32)	(122)	1
Loss before tax provision	$(646)	$(405)	$(318)	$(145)

	For the three months ended
	March 31,	June 30,	September 30,	December 31,
Cloud Telecommunications	2016	2016	2016	2016
Service revenue	1,427	1,490	1,626	1,739
Product revenue	351	430	387	307
Total revenue	1,778	1,920	2,013	2,046
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue	697	688	722	683
Cost of product revenue	151	176	156	149
Research and development	218	207	183	185
Selling and marketing	610	636	681	604
General and administrative	1,065	1,085	987	1,048
Total operating expenses	2,741	2,792	2,729	2,669
Operating loss	(963)	(872)	(716)	(623)
Other expense	(7)	(3)	(11)	(15)
Loss before tax provision	$(970)	$(875)	$(727)	$(638)

22

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016

Service Revenue

Cloud Telecommunications service revenue consists primarily of fees collected for cloud telecommunications services, professional services, interest from sales-type leases, and broadband Internet services. Service revenue increased 27% or $1,691,000, to $7,973,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $6,282,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in service revenue is due to an increase in contracted service revenue, usage charges, and professional services revenue of $1,822,000, offset by a decrease in equipment lease interest of $106,000 and a decrease in broadband Internet services revenue of $25,000. A substantial portion of Cloud Telecommunications segment revenue is generated through thirty-six to sixty month service contracts. As such, we believe growth in Cloud Telecommunications segment will initially be seen through increases in our backlog.

Product Revenue

Product revenue consists primarily of fees collected for the sale of desktop phone devices and third party equipment. Product revenue decreased 9% or $128,000, to $1,347,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $1,475,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. Product revenue fluctuates from one period to the next based on timing of installations, as we recognize revenue when the installation is complete. Our typical customer installation is complete within 30 days. However, larger enterprise customers can take multiple months, depending on size and the number of locations. Product revenue is recognized when products have been installed and services commence. We believe growth will initially be seen through increases in our backlog.

Backlog

Backlog represents the total contract value of all contracts signed, less revenue recognized from those contracts as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. Below is a table which displays the Cloud Telecommunications segment revenue backlog as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, which we expect to recognize as revenue within the next thirty-six to sixty months (in thousands):

Cloud Telecommunications Services backlog as of December 31, 2017	$19,871
Cloud Telecommunications Services backlog as of December 31, 2016	$15,921

Cost of Service Revenue

Cost of service revenue consists primarily of fees we pay to third-party telecommunications, broadband internet, and software providers, costs related to installations, and customer support. Cost of service revenue increased $1,000, to $2,791,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $2,790,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in cost of service revenue was primarily due to an increase in bandwidth costs of $178,000 directly related to the growth in monthly recurring revenue. The increase was offset by a decrease in salary and benefits of $122,000, a $36,000 decrease in broadband Internet costs directly related to a decline in broadband Internet revenue, and a $19,000 decrease in costs related to installations.

Cost of Product Revenue

Cost of product revenue consists of the costs associated with the purchase of desktop phone devices and third party equipment. Cost of product revenue decreased 13% or $83,000, to $549,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $632,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 consistent with the decrease in product sales for the period.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses primarily consist of payroll and related expenses, related to the development of new cloud telecommunications features and products. Research and development expenses decreased 8% or $67,000, to $726,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $793,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016due to fluctuations in salary and benefits.

Selling and Marketing

Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of direct sales representative salaries and benefits, partner channel commissions, the production of marketing materials and sales support software. Selling and marketing expenses increased 16% or $393,000, to $2,924,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $2,531,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in selling and marketing expense was due to an increase in salary and benefits of $328,000 resulting from hiring additional sales representatives to support our partner channel, and an increase in commission expenses of $311,000 directly related to overall increase in sales and revenue, offset by a decrease in sales support software costs of $125,000, a decrease in business development costs of $87,000, and a decrease in bad debt expense of $34,000.

23

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist of salaries and benefits for executives, administrative personnel, legal, rent, accounting, other professional services, and other administrative corporate expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased 13% or $524,000, to $3,661,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $4,185,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to a company-wide reduction in general and administrative expenses as we continue to cut unnecessary expenses. Salary and benefits decreased $179,000 resulting from a decrease in headcount, software support decreased $153,000 resulting from utilizing more affordable software, Delaware franchise fee tax decreased $61,000 due to reincorporating in Nevada, computer equipment decreased $50,000 primarily due to a one-time charge in 2016, corporate audit and tax fees decreased $44,000 due to reduced audit fees resulting from a change in auditors, depreciation and amortization expense decreased $30,000 due to certain intangible assets and fixed assets becoming fully amortized, and a decrease of $37,000 in IT consulting fees, offset by a $30,000 increase in legal fees. Consolidated general and administrative expenses decreased 17%, or $829,000 to $4,071,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $4,900,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Other Expense

Other expense primarily consists of interest expense, offset by sublease rental income. Net other expense increased 408% or $147,000 to $183,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $36,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. We incurred interest expense on our related party note payable and a decrease in sublease income resulting from completion of our lease agreement obligation in the fourth quarter of 2016 and related sub-lease.

Operating Results of our Web Services Segment (in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,
Web Services	2017	2016
Service revenue	$1,057	$1,362
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue	117	203
Research and development	24	33
General and administrative	410	715
Total operating expenses	551	951
Operating loss	506	411
Other income/(expense)	(5)	19
Income before tax provision	$501	$430

24

Quarterly Financial Information

	For the three months ended
	March 31,	June 30,	September 30,	December 31,
Web Services	2017	2017	2017	2017
Service revenue	$283	$269	$263	$242
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue	33	28	26	30
Research and development	6	6	6	6
General and administrative	137	107	89	77
Total operating expenses	176	141	121	113
Operating loss	107	128	142	129
Other expense	-	-	(5)	-
Income before tax provision	$107	$128	$137	$129

	For the three months ended
	March 31,	June 30,	September 30,	December 31,
Web Services	2016	2016	2016	2016
Service revenue	$396	$347	$320	$299
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue	65	53	54	31
Research and development	11	9	6	7
General and administrative	226	189	153	147
Total operating expenses	302	251	213	185
Operating loss	94	96	107	114
Other income	11	5	3	-
Income before tax provision	$105	$101	$110	$114

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016

Service Revenue

Service revenue from Web Services is generated primarily through website hosting, professional web management services, and extended payment term agreements (EPTAs). Web services revenue decreased 22% or $305,000, to $1,057,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $1,362,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in service revenue is primarily due to a decrease in hosting revenue of $208,000, a $59,000 decrease in EPTA revenue due to decrease in outstanding receivables, and a decrease of $38,000 from a decline in web management professional services. 

Cost of Service Revenue

Cost of service revenue consists primarily of bandwidth, customer service costs, and outsourcing fees related to fulfillment of our professional web management services. Cost of service revenue decreased 42% or $86,000, to $117,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $203,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The cost of service revenue decrease is primarily related to cost savings from bringing customer support in house at the end of 2016.

 Research and Development

Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits, and related expenses which are attributable to the development of our website development software products. Research and development expenses decreased 27% or $9,000, to $24,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $33,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily related to a reduction of salaries and benefits expenses.

25

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist of salaries and benefits for executives, administrative personnel, legal, rent, accounting, other professional services, and other administrative corporate expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased 43% or $305,000, to $410,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $715,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to less of an allocation of corporate general and administrative expenses resulting from the 22% decrease in service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, and a company-wide reduction in general and administrative expenses as we continue to cut unnecessary expenses. Consolidated general and administrative expenses decreased 17%, or $829,000 to $4,071,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $4,900,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Other Income/(Expense)

Other income/(expense) primarily relates to interest income from the collection of EPTA receivables and the allocated portions of interest expense and sublease rental income. Other income/(expense) decreased 126% or $24,000, to $(5,000) for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to income of $19,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease is due to a decrease in interest income related to the decrease in EPTA revenue, an increase in interest expense on our related party note payable, and a decrease in sublease income resulting from completion of our lease agreement obligation in the fourth quarter of 2016 and related sub-lease.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,282,000 and $619,000, respectively. Changes in cash and cash equivalents are dependent upon changes in, among other things, working capital items such as deferred revenues, accounts payable, accounts receivable, and various accrued expenses, as well as purchases of property and equipment and changes in our capital and financial structure due to debt repayments and issuances, stock option exercises, sales of equity investments and similar events. Our operations for the third and fourth quarters of 2017 generated positive cash flows and we believe this trend will continue. We believe that our operations along with existing liquidity sources will satisfy our cash requirements for at least the next 12 months. If the assumptions underlying our business plan regarding future revenue and expenses change or if unexpected opportunities or needs arise, we may seek to raise additional cash by selling equity or debt securities.

Working Capital

Working capital increased 739% or $421,000 to $478,000 as of December 31, 2017 as compared to $57,000 as of December 31, 2016. The increase in working capital is primarily related to an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $663,000, a decrease in accounts payable of $37,000, a decrease in accrued expenses of $36,000, an increase in trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, of $29,000, a decrease in income taxes payable of $5,000, and an increase in other current assets of $2,000, offset by a decrease in prepaid expenses of $156,000, an increase in deferred revenue, current portion, of $148,000, a decrease in inventories of $39,000, a decrease in equipment financing receivables of $5,000, and an increase in notes payable, current portion of $3,000.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents increased 107% or $663,000, to $1,282,000 as of December 31, 2017 as compared to $619,000 as of December 31, 2016. During the year ended December 31, 2017, there was an increase of $294,000 provided by operating activities. Investing activities provided $252,000 from the sale of our long-term CD. Financing activities provided $117,000; primarily related to proceeds from stock option exercises of $1,162,000 and proceeds from notes payable of $111,000, offset by repayments on notes payable of $1,156,000.

Trade Receivables

Current and long-term trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, increased 4% or $17,000, to $406,000 as of December 31, 2017 as compared to $389,000 as of December 31, 2016. The increase in current trade receivables can be attributed to the balances of three customers that typically pay by the end of the month. Long-term trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, decreased 28% or $12,000, to $31,000 as of December 31, 2017 as compared to $43,000 as of December 31, 2016. In prior years, we offered our customers an installment contract with payment terms between 24 and 36 months, as one of several payment options. The payments that become due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are classified as long-term trade receivables. As these agreements reach their end of term, the long-term portion decreases.

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Accounts Payable

Accounts payable decreased 32% or $37,000, to $79,000 as of December 31, 2017 as compared to $116,000 as of December 31, 2016. The aging of accounts payable as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were generally within our vendors’ terms of payment. The decrease is primarily related to the timing of the check processing schedule.

Notes Payable

Notes payables decreased 92% or $953,000, to $79,000 as of December 31, 2017 as compared to $1,032,000 at December 31, 2016. The decrease in notes payable can be primarily attributed to the $996,000 repayment of the related party note payable. The remainder of the difference is made up of payments of $118,000, offset by additional financing arrangements entered into during the period.

Capital

Total stockholders’ equity increased 160% or $824,000, to $1,339,000 as of December 31, 2017 as compared to $515,000 as of December 31, 2016. The increase in total stockholders’ equity was attributable to an increase in additional paid-in capital of $1,162,000 for proceeds from the exercise of options, $530,000 for stock options issued to employees, $43,000 for the vesting of restricted stock units, and $109,000 in common stock issued for annual interest payment on note payable, offset by a net loss of $1,020,000.

OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

As of December 31, 2017, we are not involved in any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

None

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For a summary of recent accounting pronouncements and the anticipated effects on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated by reference herein.

ITEM 7A. 

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS

Not required

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ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CREXENDO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE

	PAGE
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms	29
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016	30
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016	31
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016	32
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016	33
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	34
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	66

28

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Crexendo, Inc.

Tempe, AZ

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Crexendo, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company and subsidiaries at December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Urish Popeck & Co., LLC

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016.

Pittsburgh, PA

March 6, 2018

29

CREXENDO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except par value and share data)

	December 31,
	2017	2016
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$1,282	$619
Restricted cash	100	100
Trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $19
as of December 31, 2017 and $34 as of December 31, 2016	375	346
Inventories	131	170
Equipment financing receivables	116	121
Prepaid expenses	530	686
Other current assets	10	8
Total current assets	2,544	2,050
Certificate of deposit	-	252
Long-term trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
of $10 as December 31, 2017 and $13 as of December 31, 2016	31	43
Long-term equipment financing receivables	58	176
Property and equipment, net	8	18
Intangible assets, net	239	335
Goodwill	272	272
Long-term prepaid expenses	173	251
Other long-term assets	121	136
Total Assets	$3,446	$3,533
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$79	$116
Accrued expenses	961	997
Notes payable, current portion	69	66
Income taxes payable	-	5
Deferred revenue, current portion	957	809
Total current liabilities	2,066	1,993
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	31	43
Notes payable, net of current portion	10	966
Other long-term liabilities	-	16
Total liabilities	2,107	3,018
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share - authorized 5,000,000 shares; none issued	—	—
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share - authorized 25,000,000 shares, 14,287,556
shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 13,578,556 shares issued
and outstanding as of December 31, 2016	14	14
Additional paid-in capital	60,560	58,716
Accumulated deficit	(59,235)	(58,215)
Total stockholders' equity	1,339	515
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$3,446	$3,533

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

30

CREXENDO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share and share data)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016
Service revenue	$9,030	$7,644
Product revenue	1,347	1,475
Total revenue	10,377	9,119
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue	2,908	2,993
Cost of product revenue	549	632
Selling and marketing	2,924	2,531
General and administrative	4,071	4,900
Research and development	750	826
Total operating expenses	11,202	11,882
Loss from operations	(825)	(2,763)
Other income/(expense):
Interest income	10	15
Interest expense	(209)	( 138)
Other income, net	11	106
Total other expense, net	(188)	( 17)
Loss before income tax	(1,013)	(2,780)
Income tax provision	(7)	(12)
Net loss	$(1,020)	$(2,792)
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$(0.07)	$(0.21)
Diluted	$(0.07)	$(0.21)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	13,938,342	13,358,311
Diluted	13,938,342	13,358,311

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

31

CREXENDO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(In thousands, except share data)

			Additional		Total
	Common Stock		Paid-in	Accumulated	Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount	Capital	Deficit	Equity
Balance, January 1, 2016	13,227,489	$13	$57,614	$(55,423)	$2,204
Share-based compensation	-	-	653	-	653
Issuance of common stock for exercise of stock options	8,310	-	9	-	9
Issuance of common stock in a business acquisition	17,757	-	40	-	40
Issuance of common stock for interest on related party note payable	75,000	-	101	-	101
Issuance of common stock for exercise of common stock warrants	250,000	1	299	-	300
Net loss	-	-	-	(2,792)	(2,792)
Balance, December 31, 2016	13,578,556	14	58,716	(58,215)	515
Share-based compensation	-	-	530	-	530
Vesting of restricted stock units	27,000	-	43	-	43
Issuance of common stock for exercise of stock options	607,000	-	1,162	-	1,162
Issuance of common stock for interest on related party note payable	75,000	-	109	-	109
Net loss	-	-	-	(1,020)	(1,020)
Balance, December 31, 2017	14,287,556	$14	$60,560	$(59,235)	$1,339

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

32

CREXENDO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$(1,020)	$(2,792)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities:
Amortization of prepaid rent	54	322
Depreciation and amortization	106	146
Non-cash interest expense	201	124
Share-based compensation	573	653
Amortization of deferred gain	(16)	(93)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Trade receivables	(17)	56
Equipment financing receivables	123	153
Inventories	39	(36)
Prepaid expenses	180	75
Other assets	13	40
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(73)	225
Income tax payable	(5)	5
Deferred revenue	136	(4)
Net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities	294	(1,126)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Sale of certificate of deposit	252	-
Purchase of long-term investment	-	(1)
Release of restricted cash	-	12
Net cash provided by investing activities	252	11
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from notes payable	111	150
Repayments made on notes payable	(1,156)	(163)
Proceeds from exercise of options	1,162	9
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	-	300
Payment of contingent consideration	-	(59)
Net cash provided by financing activities	117	237
NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	663	( 878)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR	619	1,497
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR	$1,282	$619
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash used during the year for:
Income taxes, net	$(12)	$(2)
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing information:
Issuance of common stock for payment of interest on related-party note payable	$109	$101
Issuance of common stock for contingent consideration related to business acquisition	$-	$40
Prepaid assets financed through notes payable	$111	$124

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

33

CREXENDO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1.            

Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business - Crexendo, Inc. is incorporated in the state of Nevada. As used hereafter in the notes to consolidated financial statements, we refer to Crexendo, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, as “we,” “us,” or “our Company.” Crexendo is a next-generation CLEC and an award-winning leader and provider of unified communications cloud telecom services, broadband internet services, and other cloud business services that are designed to provide enterprise-class cloud services to any size businesses at affordable monthly rates. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services.

Basis of Presentation – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Crexendo, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, which include Crexendo Business Solutions, Inc. and Crexendo International, Inc. All intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These consolidated financial statements reflect the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows of our Company.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents - We consider all highly liquid, short-term investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of $1,038,000 and $413,000, respectively.

Restricted Cash – We classified $100,000 and $100,000 as restricted cash as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Cash is restricted for compensating balance requirements on purchasing card agreements. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had restricted cash in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of $100,000 and $100,000, respectively.

Trade Receivables – Trade receivables from our cloud telecommunications and web services segments are recorded at invoiced amounts. We have historically offered to our web site development software customers the option to finance, typically through 24 and 36-month extended payment term agreements (“EPTAs”). EPTAs are reflected as short-term and long-term trade receivables, as applicable, as we have the intent and ability to hold the receivables for the foreseeable future, until maturity or payoff. EPTAs are recorded on a nonaccrual cash basis beginning on the contract date.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts –The allowance represents estimated losses resulting from customers’ failure to make required payments. The allowance estimate is based on historical collection experience, specific identification of probable bad debts based on collection efforts, aging of trade receivables, customer payment history, and other known factors, including current economic conditions. We believe that the allowance for doubtful accounts is adequate based on our assessment to date, however, actual collection results may differ materially from our expectations.

Inventory – Finished goods telecommunications equipment inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value (first-in, first-out method). In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we regularly evaluate whether inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. If net realizable value is less than cost, the write-down is recognized as a loss in earnings in the period in which the excess occurs.

Certificate of Deposit - Certificate of Deposit (“CD”) is collateral for merchant accounts. The CD was classified as long-term in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016. In March 2017, the bank removed the collateral requirement; therefore we sold the CD and transferred the proceeds to our cash and cash equivalents.

Property and Equipment - Depreciation and amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method in amounts sufficient to allocate the cost of depreciable assets over their estimated useful lives ranging from two to five years. The cost of leasehold improvements is amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the related lease. Depreciation expense is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $10,000 and $15,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Depreciable lives by asset group are as follows:

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Computer and office equipment	2 to 5 years
Computer software	3 years
Furniture and fixtures	4 years
Leasehold improvements	2 to 5 years

Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property and equipment sold or otherwise retired are removed from the accounts and any related gain or loss on disposition is reflected in the statement of operations.

Goodwill – Goodwill is tested for impairment using a fair-value-based approach on an annual basis (December 31) and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist.

Intangible Assets - Our intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships and developed technology. The intangible assets are amortized following the patterns in which the economic benefits are consumed. We periodically review the estimated useful lives of our intangible assets and review these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The determination of impairment is based on estimates of future undiscounted cash flows. If an intangible asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of the impairment will be equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset.

Use of Estimates - In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management makes assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reported periods.  Specific estimates and judgments include valuation of goodwill and intangible assets in connection with business acquisitions, allowances for doubtful accounts, uncertainties related to certain income tax benefits, valuation of deferred income tax assets, valuations of share-based payments and recoverability of long-lived assets.  Management’s estimates are based on historical experience and on our expectations that are believed to be reasonable.  The combination of these factors forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results may differ from our current estimates and those differences may be material.

Service and Product Revenue Recognition - In general, we recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (2) the product or service has been provided to the customer; (3) the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and (4) the collection of our fees is probable. We recognize revenue from our Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services segments on an accrual basis, with the exception of our extended payment term agreement cash receipts which are recognized on a cash basis.

We enter into agreements where revenue is derived from multiple deliverables including any mix of products and/or services. For these arrangements, we determine whether the delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis, and in the event the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), whether the delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. If these criteria are met, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the separate units of accounting based on each unit’s relative selling price. If these criteria are not met, the arrangement is accounted for as a single unit of accounting which would result in revenue being recognized ratably over the contract term or deferred until the earlier of when such criteria are met or when the last undelivered element is delivered. The amount of product and services revenue recognized for arrangements with multiple deliverables is impacted by the allocation of arrangement consideration to the deliverables in the arrangement based on the relative selling prices. In determining our selling prices, we apply the selling price hierarchy using vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) when available, third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”) if VSOE does not exist, and best estimated selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available.

VSOE of fair value for elements of an arrangement is based upon the normal pricing and discounting practices for a deliverable when sold separately. In determining VSOE, we require that a substantial majority of the selling prices fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range, generally evidenced by a substantial majority of such historical stand-alone transactions falling within a reasonably narrow range of the median rate. In addition, we consider major service groups, geographies, customer classifications, and other variables in determining VSOE.

We are typically not able to determine TPE for our products or services. TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. Generally, our offerings contain a significant level of differentiation such that the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality is difficult to obtain. Furthermore, we are unable to reliably determine what similar competitor products’ selling prices are on a stand-alone basis.

When we are unable to establish the selling price using VSOE or TPE, we use BESP in our allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. We determine BESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, cost of products, gross margin objectives, pricing practices, geographies, customer classes and distribution channels.

35

We recognize revenue for delivered elements only when we determine there are no uncertainties regarding customer acceptance. Changes in the allocation of the sales price between delivered and undelivered elements can impact the timing of revenue recognized but does not change the total revenue recognized on any agreement.

Professional Services Revenue - Fees collected for professional services such as telecom installation services are recognized as revenue, net of expected customer refunds, over the period during which the services are performed, based upon the value for such services.

Cloud Telecommunications and Web Service Revenue - Fees collected for cloud telecommunications and website hosting services are recognized as revenue ratably as services are provided. Customers are billed for these services on a monthly or annual basis at the customer’s option. We recognize revenue ratably over the applicable service period. When we provide a free trial period, we do not begin to recognize recurring revenue until the trial period has ended and the customer has been billed for the services.

Equipment Sales and Financing Revenue - Revenue generated from the sale of telecommunications equipment is recognized when the devices are installed and cloud telecommunications services begin.

Fees generated from renting our cloud telecommunication equipment (IP or cloud telephone desktop devices) through leasing contracts are recognized as revenue based on whether the lease qualifies as an operating lease or sales-type lease. The two primary accounting provisions which we use to classify transactions as sales-type or operating leases are: 1) lease term to determine if it is equal to or greater than 75% of the economic life of the equipment and 2) the present value of the minimum lease payments to determine if they are equal to or greater than 90% of the fair market value of the equipment at the inception of the lease. The economic life of most of our products is estimated to be three years, since this represents the most frequent contractual lease term for our products, and there is no residual value for used equipment. Residual values, if any, are established at the lease inception using estimates of fair value at the end of the lease term. The vast majority of our leases that qualify as sales-type leases are non-cancelable and include cancellation penalties approximately equal to the full value of the lease receivables. Leases that do not meet the criteria for sales-type lease accounting are accounted for as operating leases. Revenue from sales-type leases is recognized upon installation and the interest portion is deferred and recognized as earned. Revenue from operating leases in recognized ratably over the applicable service period.

Commission Revenue - We have affiliate agreements with third-party entities that are resellers of satellite television services and Internet service providers. We receive commissions when the services are bundled with our offerings and we recognize commission revenue when received.

Cost of Service Revenue – Cost of service includes Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services cost of service revenue. Cloud Telecommunications cost of service revenue primarily consists of fees we pay to third-party telecommunications and business Internet providers, costs of other third party services we resell, personnel and travel expenses related to system implementation, and customer service. Web Services cost of service revenue consists primarily of customer service costs and outsourcing fees related to fulfillment of our professional web management services.

Cost of Product Revenue – Cost of product revenue primarily consists of the costs associated with the purchase of desktop devices and other third party equipment we purchase for resale.

Prepaid Sales Commissions - For arrangements where we recognize revenue over the relevant contract period, we defer related commission payments to our direct sales force and amortize these amounts over the same period that the related revenues are recognized. This is done to match commissions with the related revenues. Commission payments are nonrefundable unless amounts due from a customer are determined to be uncollectible or if the customer subsequently changes or terminates the level of service, in which case commissions which were paid are recoverable by us.

Research and Development - Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs related to internally developed software are expensed as research and development expense until technological feasibility has been achieved, after which the costs are capitalized.

Fair Value Measurements - The fair value of our financial assets and liabilities was determined based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following: 

36

Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2 — Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including:

·      Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

·      Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets;

·      Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and

·      Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment.  These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions.

Notes Payable – We record notes payable net of any discounts or premiums. Discounts and premiums are amortized as interest expense or income over the life of the note in such a way as to result in a constant rate of interest when applied to the amount outstanding at the beginning of any given period.

Income Taxes - We recognize a liability or asset for the deferred tax consequences of all temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Accruals for uncertain tax positions are provided for in accordance with accounting guidance. Accordingly, we may recognize the tax benefits from an uncertain tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Accounting guidance is also provided on de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and income tax disclosures. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns. Variations in the actual outcome of these future tax consequences could materially impact our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we evaluate all significant available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the existence of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. We have placed a full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets.

Interest and penalties associated with income taxes are classified as income tax expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Stock-Based Compensation - For equity-classified awards, compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period based on the computed fair value on the grant date of the award.  Equity classified awards include the issuance of stock options.

Comprehensive Loss – There were no other components of comprehensive loss other than net loss for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Operating Segments - Accounting guidance establishes standards for the way public business enterprises are to report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires enterprises to report selected information about operating segments in financial reports issued to stockholders. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services. Research and development expenses are allocated to Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services segments based on the level of effort, measured primarily by wages and benefits attributed to our engineering department.  Indirect sales and marketing expenses are allocated to the Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services segments based on level of effort, measured by month-to-date contract bookings.  General and administrativeexpenses are allocated to both segments based on revenue recognized for each segment. Accounting guidance also establishes standards for related disclosure about products and services, geographic areas and major customers. We generate over 90% of our total revenue from customers within North America (United States and Canada) and less than 10% of our total revenues from customers in other parts of the world.

Significant Customers – No customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. One telecommunications services customer accounted for 11% and 11% of total trade accounts receivable as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

37

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements - In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), improvement to employee share-based payment accounting. The new standard contains several amendments that will simplify the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, statutory tax withholding requirements, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The changes in the new standard eliminate the accounting for excess tax benefits to be recognized in additional paid-in capital and tax deficiencies recognized either in the income tax provision or in additional paid-in capital. The Company elected early adoption of ASU 2016-09 in 2016. Due to the Company’s valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets, no income tax benefit will be recognized in 2016 as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09. There will be no change to retained earnings with respect to excess tax benefits, as this is not applicable to the Company. The treatment of forfeitures has not changed as we are electing to continue our current process of estimating the number of forfeitures. As such, this has no cumulative effect on retained earnings. With the early adoption of 2016-09, we have elected to present the cash flow statement on a prospective transition method and no prior periods have been adjusted.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which will require entities to present deferred tax assets (DTAs) and deferred tax liabilities (DTLs) as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. The ASU simplifies the current guidance, which requires entities to separately present DTAs and DTLs as current and noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 (and interim periods within those annual periods) and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2015-17 may be either applied prospectively to all deferred tax assets and liabilities or retrospectively to all periods presented. We have elected to early adopt ASU 2015-17 prospectively in the fourth quarter of 2016. As a result, we have presented all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016, but have not reclassified current deferred tax assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015. There was no impact on our results of operations as a result of the adoption of ASU 2015-17.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations, which requires that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period for a business combination in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. Prior to the issuance of the standard, entities were required to retrospectively apply adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory, which will require an entity to measure in scope inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method. The amendments do not apply to inventory that is measured using last-in, first-out (LIFO) or the retail inventory method. The amendments apply to all other inventory, which includes inventory that is measured using first-in, first-out (FIFO) or average cost. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software, which provides guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance will not change U.S. GAAP for a customer's accounting for service contracts. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software, which provides guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance will not change U.S. GAAP for a customer's accounting for service contracts. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern, whichrequires management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the ASU (1) provides a definition of the term substantial doubt, (2) requires an evaluation every reporting period including interim periods, (3) provides principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans, (4) requires certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, (5) requires an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated, and (6) requires an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which requires that a performance target that affects vesting and could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. A reporting entity should apply existing guidance in ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, as it relates to such awards. ASU 2014-12 is effective for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2017 with early adoption permitted using either of two methods: (i) prospective to all awards granted or modified after the effective date; or (ii) retrospective to all awards with performance targets that are outstanding as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements and to all new or modified awards thereafter, with the cumulative effect of applying ASU 2014-12 as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2014-12 effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of this ASU did not impact our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, as there are no performance targets associated with outstanding awards.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, the amendments provide guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. Effective for all entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this new ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In addition, income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit should be considered when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The amendments also eliminate the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. This guidance is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2017-04 should be adopted on a prospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the adoption and potential impact of this new ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business, that provides guidance to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities (set) is a business. Under the new guidance, an entity first determines whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this threshold is met, the set is not a business. If it’s not met, the entity then evaluates whether the set meets the requirement that a business include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. Under today’s guidance, it doesn’t matter whether all the value relates primarily to one asset. Under ASU 2017-01, a set is not a business when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. The ASU includes guidance on which types of assets can and cannot be combined into a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets for the purpose of applying the threshold. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15 2017, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted, including for interim or annual periods in which the financial statements have not been issued or made available for issuance.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. As a result, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendments do not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The adoption of this new ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which amends ASC 230, to clarify guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. The FASB issued ASU 2016-15 with the intent of reducing diversity in practice with respect to eight types of cash flows. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the adoption and potential impact of this new ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

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In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, makes certain targeted amendments to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers:

● 

Assessing collectibility. The amendments add a “substantially all” threshold to the collectibility criterion, and also clarify that the objective of the collectibility assessment is to determine whether the contract is valid and represents a substantive transaction based on whether a customer has the ability and intent to pay for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer, as opposed to all of the goods or services promised in the contract. The ASU also clarifies how an entity may recognize as revenue consideration received in circumstances where a contract does not meet the criteria required at inception to apply the recognition guidance within the revenue standard.

● 

Presenting sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers. The amendments provide an accounting policy election whereby an entity may exclude from the measurement of transaction price all taxes assessed by a taxing authority related to the specific transaction and that are collected from the customer. Such amounts would be presented “net” under this option.

● 

Noncash consideration. The amendments clarify that the fair value of noncash consideration is measured at contract inception, and specify how to account for subsequent changes in the fair value of noncash consideration.

● 

Contract modifications at transition. The amendments provide a new practical expedient whereby an entity electing either the full or modified retrospective method of transition is permitted to reflect the aggregate effect of all prior period modifications (using hindsight) when identifying satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations, determining the transaction price, and allocating the transaction price to satisfied and unsatisfied obligations.

● 

Completed contracts at transition. The amendments include certain practical expedients in transition related to completed contracts. The amendments also clarify the definition of a completed contract.

● 

Disclosing the accounting change in the period of adoption. ASU 2016-12 provides an exception to the requirement in Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, to disclose the effect on the current period of retrospectively adopting a new accounting standard. As such, the disclosure requirement does not apply to adoption of the new revenue standard with respect to the year of adoption.

The effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2016-12 are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606). The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, more clearly articulates the guidance for assessing whether promises are separately identifiable in the overall context of the contract, which is one of two criteria for determining whether promises are distinct. The ASU also clarifies the factors an entity should consider when assessing whether two or more promises are separately identifiable, and provides additional examples within the implementation guidance for assessing these factors. The ASU further clarifies that an entity is not required to identify promised goods or services that are immaterial in the context of the contract, although customer options to purchase additional goods or services that represent a material right should not be designated as immaterial in the context of the contract. The ASU also provides an accounting policy election whereby an entity may account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment activity rather than as an additional promised service in certain circumstances.

The ASU also clarifies whether a license of intellectual property (IP) represents a right to use the IP (which is satisfied at a point in time) or a right to access the IP (which is satisfied over time) by categorizing the underlying IP as either functional or symbolic. A promise to grant a license that is not a separate performance obligation must be considered in the context above (i.e., functional or symbolic), in order to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over time, and how to best measure progress toward completion if recognized over time. Regardless of a license’s nature (i.e., functional or symbolic), an entity may not recognize revenue from a license of IP before 1) it provides or otherwise makes available a copy of the IP to the customer, and 2) the period during which the customer is able to use and benefit from the license has begun (i.e., the beginning of the license period).Additionally, the ASU clarifies that 1) an entity should not split a sales-based or usage-based royalty into a portion subject to the guidance on sales-based and usage-based royalties and a portion that is not subject to that guidance; and 2) the guidance on sales-based and usage-based royalties applies whenever the predominant item to which the royalty relates is a license of IP. Lastly, the amendments distinguish contractual provisions requiring the transfer of additional rights to use or access IP that the customer does not already control from provisions that are attributes of a license (e.g., restrictions of time, geography, or use). License attributes define the scope of the rights conveyed to the customer; they do not determine when the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2016-10 are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606). The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). The ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

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In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, which provides guidance for revenue recognition. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, companies will need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under today’s guidance. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year. Accordingly, public business entities should apply the guidance in ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods (including interim periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2017. We will use the modified retrospective approach upon adoption of this guidance effective January 1, 2018. We have utilized a comprehensive approach to assess the impact of the guidance on our contract portfolio. We have reviewed our current accounting policies and practices to identify potential differences resulting from the application of the new requirements to our revenue contracts, including evaluation of performance obligations in the contract, allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation and accounting treatment of costs to obtain and fulfill contracts. In addition, we will update certain disclosures, as applicable, included in our financial statements to meet the requirements of the new guidance.

We are substantially complete with our review of contracts with our customers. We expect to record a cumulative effect adjustment to accumulated deficit upon adoption of the new revenue standard as of January 1, 2018. The cumulative adjustment is related to incremental upfront contract acquisition costs (such as sales commissions) for customer contracts. The new standard requires these incremental costs to be capitalized and amortized over the estimated life of the asset. Currently, our indirect sales commissions for the sales leadership team are expensed as incurred. We anticipate the resulting contract acquisition asset will be amortized over the average contract life for the group of contracts that resulted in the achievement of the bonuses and commissions. We will evaluate the contract assets for impairment on a periodic basis.

For the majority of our contracts, we expect no change from ASU 2014-09. We have some contracts where we recognize revenue from the reselling of third party products and service. We are currently evaluating these contracts to determine if we meet the requirements for reporting revenue on a gross basis. We expect there will be no impact on the accumulated deficit as a result of any changes to our current policy. The adjustments will not have a material impact on revenue or cost of revenue.

2.            

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed giving effect to all dilutive common stock equivalents, consisting of common stock options and warrants. Diluted net loss per common share for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is the same as basic net loss per common share as the common share equivalents were anti-dilutive due to the net loss. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016
Net loss (in thousands)	$(1,020)	$(2,792)
Weighted-average share reconciliation:
Weighted-average shares outstanding	13,938,342	13,358,311
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding	13,938,342	13,358,311
Diluted shares outstanding	13,938,342	13,358,311
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$(0.07)	$(0.21)
Diluted	$(0.07)	$(0.21)

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Common stock equivalent shares are not included in the computation of diluted loss per share, as the Company has a net loss and the inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive due to the net loss. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the common stock equivalent shares were, as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016
Shares of common stock issuable under equity incentive plans outstanding	3,648,939	3,932,114
Common stock equivalent shares excluded from diluted net loss per share	3,648,939	3,932,114

3.            

Trade Receivables, net

Our trade receivables balance consists of traditional trade receivables and residual Extended Payment Term Agreements (EPTAs) sold prior to July 2011.  Below is an analysis of the days outstanding of our trade receivables as shown on our balance sheet (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2017	2016
Trade receivables	$389	$366
Conforming EPTAs	41	66
Non-Conforming EPTAs:
1 - 30 days	4	4
31 - 60 days	-	-
61 - 90 days	1	-
Gross trade receivables	435	436
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	(29)	(47)
Trade receivables, net	$406	$389
Current trade receivables, net	$375	$346
Long-term trade receivables, net	31	43
Trade receivables, net	$406	$389

All current and long-term EPTAs in the table above had original contract terms of greater than one year. The Company wrote off $13,000 and $37,000 of EPTAs during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which, all had original contract terms of greater than one year.

4.            

Equipment Financing Receivables

We rent certain cloud telecommunication equipment (IP desktop devices) through leasing contracts that we classify as either operating leases or sale-type leases. Equipment finance receivables are expected to be collected over the next thirty-six to sixty months. Equipment finance receivables arising from the rental of our cloud telecommunications equipment through sales-type leases, were as follows (in thousands):

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	December 31,
	2017	2016
Gross financing receivables	$264	$573
Less unearned income	(90)	(276)
Financing receivables, net	174	297
Less: Current portion of finance receivables, net	(116)	(121)
Finance receivables due after one year	$58	$176

5.            

Prepaid Expenses

Prepaid expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2017	2016
Prepaid rent	$-	$54
Prepaid commissions	452	503
Prepaid software support	8	42
Prepaid inventory deposits	117	156
Other prepaid expenses	126	182
Total prepaid assets	$703	$937

Included in the totals above is $173,000 of long-term prepaid commissions as of December 31, 2017 and $251,000 of long-term prepaid commissions as of December 31, 2016.

6.            

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2017	2016
Software	$681	$681
Computers and office equipment	1,685	1,685
Leasehold improvements	27	27
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,385)	(2,375)
Total property and equipment, net	$8	$18

Depreciation and amortization expense is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $10,000 and $15,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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7.         

Intangible Assets

The net carrying amount of intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2017	2016
Customer relationships	$941	$941
Developed technology	198	198
Less accumulated amortization:
Customer relationships	(702)	(607)
Developed technology	( 198)	(197)
Total	$239	$335

Amortization expense is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $96,000 and $131,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The following table outlines the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets held at December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,
2018	$(72)
2019
2020	(39)
2021
2022	(21)
Thereafter	(25)
Total	$(239)

8.         

Goodwill

The Company has recorded goodwill as a result of its business acquisitions. Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. In each of the Company’s acquisitions, the objective of the acquisition was to expand the Company’s product offerings and customer base and to achieve synergies related to cross selling opportunities, all of which contributed to the recognition of goodwill

The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

	Acquisition Related Goodwill
Balance at January 1, 2016	$272
Increase (decrease)	(53)
Balance at December 31, 2016	272
Increase (decrease)	(29)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$272

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9.         

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2017	2016
Accrued wages and benefits	$303	$369
Accrued accounts payable	242	230
Accrued sales and telecommunications taxes	343	310
Other	73	88
Total accrued expenses	$961	$997

10.         

Notes Payable

Related Party Note Payable

On December 30, 2015, Crexendo, Inc. (the "Company") entered into a Term Loan Agreement (the "Loan Agreement"), with Steven G. Mihaylo, as Trustee of The Steven G. Mihaylo Trust dated August 19, 1999 (the "Lender"). Mr. Mihaylo is the principal shareholder and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The term of the Loan is five years, with simple interest paid at 9% per annum until a balloon payment is due December 30, 2020. The Loan Agreement provides for interest to be paid in shares of common stock of the Company (the “Common Stock”) at a stock price of $1.20. For the first two years of the Loan term, interest will be paid in advance at the beginning of each year; for the last three years of the Loan term, interest will be paid at the end of each year. After the second year of the Loan term, there is no pre-payment penalty for early repayment of the outstanding principal amount of the Loan. If the Loan is repaid within the first two years of the Loan term, the Company will forfeit prepaid interest as a pre-payment penalty.

In February 2017, the Company entered into a second amendment to our Loan Agreement with Steven G. Mihaylo. The amendment extends the ability of the Board of Directors to request the remaining $1.0 million available under the Loan Agreement if necessary to fund operations through May 30, 2018. All other terms remain the same as initial loan agreement.

In September 2017, Steven G. Mihaylo exercised 444,999 options for a total strike price of $974,000. In December 2017, Steven G. Mihaylo exercised 12,001 options for a total strike price of $22,000. The Company used the proceeds from the stock options exercise to repay $996,000 of the $1.0 million outstanding related party note payable. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company accelerated the amortization of the debt discount in the amount of $77,000 as a result of the repayment.

Other notes payable

Other notes payable consists of short and long-term financing arrangements for software licenses, subscriptions, support and corporate insurance.

The Company’s outstanding balances under its note payable agreements as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016
Related party note payable	$4	$1,000
Other notes payable	75	124
	79	1,124
Less: notes payable discount	-	(92)
Net carrying value of notes payable	79	1,032
Less: current portion of notes payable	(69)	(66)
Long-term notes payable	$10	$966

As of December 31, 2017, future principal payments are scheduled as follows (in thousands):

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Year ending December 31,
2018	$69
2019	6
2020	4
Total	$79

11.         

Fair Value Measurements

We have financial instruments as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 for which the fair value is summarized below (in thousands):

	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
	Carrying Value	Estimated Fair Value	Carrying Value	Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Trade receivables, net	$406	$406	$389	$389
Equipment financing receivables	174	174	297	297
Certificate of deposit	-	-	252	252
Liabilities:
Notes payable including discount from warrant grant	79	79	1,032	1,133

Assets for which fair value is recognized in the balance sheet on a recurring basis are summarized below as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

		Fair value measurement at reporting date
Description	As of December 31, 2017	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Assets:
Certificate of deposit	$-	$-	$-	$-

Description	As of December 31, 2016	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Assets:
Certificate of deposit	$252	$-	$252	$-

The carrying amount of certificates of deposit approximates fair value, as determined by certificates of deposit with similar terms and conditions.

12.         

Equity

Common Stock

Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance as of December 31, 2017 were as follows:

Stock-based compensation plans:
Outstanding option awards	3,648,939
Available for future grants	1,975,470
	5,624,409

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Warrants

On December 30, 2015, the Company entered into a term loan agreement with a major shareholder and CEO of the Company, whereby the lender has agreed to make an unsecured loan to the Company in the initial principal amount of $1,000,000. In connection with the term loan agreement, the Company granted to the lender a warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of Common Stock. The warrants are legally detachable and separately exercisable. The proceeds from the term loan agreement were allocated to note payable and the warrants based on the relative fair value of the instruments. Fair value of the warrants was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

Expected volatility	62%
Expected life (in years)	4.27
Risk-free interest rate	1.80%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%

During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company exercised its right to require the purchaser to exercise 0 and 250,000 warrants, respectively. The exercise generated an additional $0 and $300,000 in cash provided by financing activities, respectively.

13.         

Stock-Based Compensation

We have various incentive stock-based compensation plans that provide for the grant of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and other share-based awards of up to 5,624,409 shares to eligible employees, consultants, and directors. As of December 31, 2017, we had 1,975,470 shares remaining in the plans available to grant.

Stock Options

The weighted-average fair value of stock options on the date of grant and the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model were as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016
Weighted-average fair value of options granted	$0.78	$0.61
Expected volatility	60%	63%
Expected life (in years)	4.30	4.30
Risk-free interest rate	1.98%	1.52%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%

The expected volatility of the options is determined using historical volatilities based on historical stock prices. The expected life of the options granted is based on our historical share option exercise experience. The risk-free interest rate is determined using the yield available for zero-coupon U.S. government issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the option. The Company has not declared any dividends, therefore, it is assumed to be zero.

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The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the plans for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

	Number of	Weighted-Average	Weighted-Average Remaining	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	Shares	Exercise Price	Contract Life	(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2016	4,380,698	$2.56	6.2 years	$-
Granted	78,500	1.21
Exercised	(8,310)	1.11
Cancelled/forfeited	(518,774)	2.20
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	3,932,114	2.59	5.2 years	400
Granted	527,500	1.59
Exercised	(607,000)	1.92
Cancelled/forfeited	(203,675)	1.61
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	3,648,939	2.61	4.3 years	1,346
Shares vested and expected to vest	3,542,803	2.61	4.3 years	1,275
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017	3,185,420	2.78	4.1 years	1,037
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016	3,181,892	2.84	5.1 years	268

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, was $59,000 and $2,000 respectively.

As of December 31, 2017, the total future compensation expense related to non-vested options not yet recognized in the consolidated statements of operations was approximately $305,000 and the weighted-average period over which these awards are expected to be recognized is approximately 1.9 years.

Restricted Stock Units:

The following table summarizes the RSUs activity under the plans for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

	Number of	Weighted-Average
	Units	Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2016	-	$-
Granted	-	-
Vested	-	-
Cancelled/forfeited	-	-
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	-	-
Granted	27,000	1.60
Vested	(27,000)	1.60
Cancelled/forfeited	-	-
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	-	-

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of RSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $1.60 and $0, respectively.

48

The following table summarizes the statement of operations effect of stock-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016
Share-based compensation expense by type:
Stock options	$530	$653
Restricted stock units	43	-
Total cost related to share-based compensation expense	$573	$653
Share-based compensation expense by financial statement line item:
Cost of revenue	$93	$102
Research and development	85	119
Selling and marketing	74	90
General and administrative	321	342
Total cost related to share-based compensation expense	$573	$653

There is no tax benefit related to stock compensation expense due to a full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

14.         

Income Taxes

The income tax expense/(benefit) consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016
Current income tax expense:
Federal	$-	$-
State and local	7	12
Current income tax expense	$7	$12

There was no deferred income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

The income tax provision attributable to loss before income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 34.0% as a result of the following (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016
U.S. federal statutory income tax benefit	$(345)	$(945)
Increase in income tax benefit resulting from:
State and local income tax expense/(benefit), net of federal effect	990	(879)
Change in the valuation allowance for net deferred income tax assets	(5,448)	1,723
Change in the tax rate for net deferred income tax assets	4,539	-
Other, net	271	113
Income tax expense	$7	$12

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, significant components of net deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

49

	December 31,
	2017	2016
Deferred income tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$41	$99
Deferred revenue	256	324
Net operating loss carry-forwards	6,449	9,643
Foreign tax credits	-	892
Stock-based compensation	2,242	3,402
Property and equipment	4	13
Other	554	788
Subtotal	9,546	15,161
Valuation allowance	(9,362)	(14,810)
Total deferred income tax assets	184	351
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	-	-
Prepaid expenses and other	(184)	(351)
Total deferred income tax liabilities	(184)	(351)
Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities)	$-	$-

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2002 (our fiscal year was subsequently changed to December 31), we experienced a change in ownership, as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”) under Section 382. A change of ownership occurs when ownership of a company increases by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year testing period of certain stockholders. As a result of this ownership change we determined that our annual limitation on the utilization of our federal pre-ownership change net operating loss (“NOL”) carry-forwards is approximately $461,000 per year. We will only be able to utilize $5,761,000 of our pre-ownership change NOL carry-forwards and will forgo utilizing $14,871,000 of our pre-ownership change NOL carry-forwards as a result of this ownership change. We do not account for forgone NOL carryovers in our deferred tax assets and only account for the NOL carry-forwards that will not expire unutilized as a result of the restrictions of Code Section 382.

As of December 31, 2017, we had NOL and research and development tax credit carry-forwards for U.S. federal income tax reporting purposes of approximately $24,401,000 and $129,000 respectively. The NOLs will begin to expire in 2020 through 2037 and the research and development credits will begin to expire in 2019 through 2020.

We also have state NOL and research and development credit carry-forwards of approximately $19,305,000 and $61,000 which expire on specified dates as set forth in the rules of the various states to which the carry-forwards relate.

We also have foreign NOL carry-forwards of approximately $710,000 which expire on specified dates as set forth in the rules of the various countries in which the carry-forwards relate.

In assessing the recovery of the deferred tax assets, we considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized.  The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.  We considered the scheduled reversals of future deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, from telecommunications services segment, the suspension of the sale of product and services through the direct mail seminar sales channel for our web services segment, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.  As a result, we determined it was more likely than not that the deferred tax assets would not be realized as of December 31, 2017 and 2016; accordingly, we recorded a full valuation allowance.  The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $9,362,000 and $14,810,000 respectively. 

50

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”) was signed into law. The new law includes, among other items, a permanent reduction to the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 34% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21.0%, U.S. GAAP requires companies to remeasure their deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the date of enactment, with resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment. The Company remeasured deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to be utilized in the future. As a result, our net deferred tax assets, without regard to the valuation allowance, decreased by $4.5 million. This decrease was offset by a corresponding decrease in our valuation allowance. There was no charge to our income tax expense as a result of the reduction in corporate income tax rate.

The net change in our valuation allowance was a decrease of $5,448,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and an increase of $1,723,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Accounting guidance clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions and requires companies to recognize the impact of a tax position in their financial statements, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position.

Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, there can be no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which we have reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Such difference could have a material impact on our income tax provision and operating results in the period in which it makes such determination.

The aggregate changes in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of January 1, 2016	$891
Reductions due to lapsed statute of limitations	-
Balance as of December 31, 2016	891
Reductions due to lapsed statute of limitations	(891)
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$-

Estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment or late payment of income taxes are classified as a component of income tax provision in the consolidated statements of operations. There were no accrued interest and penalties as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Our U.S. federal income tax returns for fiscal 2014 through 2017 are open tax years. We also file in various states, with few exceptions, we are no longer subject to state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to fiscal 2013.

15.         

Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

We lease office space under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. Currently we have one lease agreement, which is expiring in 2018. The operating lease for our Reno, NV office contains customary escalation clauses. Rental expense incurred on operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $20,000 and $103,000, respectively.

Sale-Leaseback

On February 28, 2014, the Company sold and leased back the land, building and furniture associated with the corporate headquarters in Tempe, Arizona to a Company that is owned by the major shareholder and CEO of the Company for $2.0 million in cash. The Company recognized a deferred gain of $281,000 on sale-leaseback, which was amortized over the initial lease term of 36 months to offset rent expense. Deferred gain amortization for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $16,000 and $93,000, respectively.

Effective March 1, 2017 the rent agreement was renewed for a three year term with rent payable in cash. Rent expense incurred on the sale-leaseback during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $288,000 and $229,000, respectively.

51

Future aggregate minimum lease obligations under the operating lease and sale-leaseback as of December 31, 2017, exclusive of taxes and insurance, are as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,
2018	315
2019	300
2020	50
Total	$665

Legal Proceedings

From time to time we receive inquiries from federal, state, city and local government officials as well as the FCC and taxing authorities in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. These inquiries and investigations related primarily to our discontinued seminar operations and concern compliance with various city, county, state, and/or federal regulations involving sales, representations made, customer service, refund policies, services and marketing practices. We respond to these inquiries and have generally been successful in addressing the concerns of these persons and entities, without a formal complaint or charge being made, although there is often no formal closing of the inquiry or investigation. There can be no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these or other inquiries and investigations will not have a material adverse effect on our business or operations, or that a formal complaint will not be initiated. We also receive complaints and inquiries in the ordinary course of our business from both customers and governmental and non-governmental bodies on behalf of customers, and in some cases these customer complaints have risen to the level of litigation. There can be no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

We are also subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the resolution of these other cases will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, or results of operations.

We have recorded liabilities of approximately $0 and $0 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for estimated losses resulting from various legal proceedings in which we are engaged. Attorney’s fees associated with the various legal proceedings are expensed as incurred. We are also subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the resolution of these other cases will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, or results of operations.

16.            

Employee Benefit Plan

We have established a retirement savings plan for eligible employees. The plan allows employees to contribute a portion of their pre-tax compensation in accordance with specified guidelines. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we contributed approximately $111,000 and $119,000 to the retirement savings plan, respectively.

17.            

Segments

Management has chosen to organize the Company around differences based on its products and services. Cloud Telecommunications segment generates revenue from selling cloud telecommunication products and services and broadband internet services. Web Services segment generates revenue from website hosting and other professional services. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services. Segment revenue and income/(loss) before income tax provision was as follows (in thousands):

52

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017	2016
Revenue:
Cloud telecommunications	$9,320	$7,757
Web services	1,057	1,362
Consolidated revenue	10,377	9,119
Income/(loss) from operations:
Cloud telecommunications	(1,331)	(3,174)
Web services	506	411
Total operating loss	(825)	(2,763)
Other income/(expense), net:
Cloud telecommunications	(183)	(36)
Web services	(5)	19
Total other expense, net	(188)	(17)
Income/(loss) before income tax provision
Cloud telecommunications	(1,514)	(3,210)
Web services	501	430
Loss before income tax provision	$(1,013)	$(2,780)

Depreciation and amortization was $95,000 and $126,000 for the Cloud Telecommunications segment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Depreciation and amortization was $11,000 and $20,000 for the Web Services segment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Interest income was $10,000 and $15,000 for the Web Services segment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Interest expense was $189,000 and $120,000 for the Cloud Telecommunications segment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 respectively. Interest expense was $20,000 and $18,000 for the Web Services segment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

53

18.            

Quarterly Financial Information (in thousands, unaudited)

	For the three months ended
	March 31,	June 30,	September 30,	December 31,
Consolidated	2017	2017	2017	2017
Service revenue	$2,065	$2,182	$2,305	$2,478
Product revenue	279	303	385	380
Total revenue	2,344	2,485	2,690	2,858
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue	694	703	709	802
Cost of product revenue	108	124	152	165
Selling and marketing	690	709	734	791
General and administrative	1,171	1,009	955	936
Research and development	190	185	194	181
Total operating expenses	2,853	2,730	2,744	2,875
Loss from operations	(509)	(245)	(54)	(17)
Total other income/(expense), net	(30)	(32)	(127)	1
Loss before income taxes	(539)	(277)	(181)	(16)
Income tax benefit/(provision)	(4)	(4)	(8)	9
Net loss	$(543)	$(281)	$(189)	$(7)
Basic net loss per common share (1)	$(0.04)	$(0.02)	$(0.01)	$(0.00)
Diluted net loss per common share (1)	$(0.04)	$(0.02)	$(0.01)	$(0.00)

54

	For the three months ended
	March 31,	June 30,	September 30,	December 31,
Consolidated	2016	2016	2016	2016
Service revenue	$1,823	$1,837	$1,946	$2,038
Product revenue	351	430	387	307
Total revenue	2,174	2,267	2,333	2,345
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue	762	741	776	714
Cost of product revenue	151	176	156	149
Selling and marketing	610	636	681	604
General and administrative	1,291	1,274	1,140	1,195
Research and development	229	216	189	192
Total operating expenses	3,043	3,043	2,942	2,854
Loss from operations	(869)	(776)	(609)	(509)
Total other income/(expense), net	4	2	(8)	(15)
Loss before income taxes	(865)	(774)	(617)	(524)
Income tax provision	(3)	(4)	(4)	(1)
Net loss	$(868)	$(778)	$(621)	$(525)
Basic net loss per common share (1)	$(0.07)	$(0.06)	$(0.05)	$(0.04)
Diluted net loss per common share (1)	$(0.07)	$(0.06)	$(0.05)	$(0.04)

———————

 (1) 

Net income (loss) per common share is computed independently for each of the quarters presented. Therefore, the sums of quarterly net income (loss) per common share amounts do not necessarily equal the total for the twelve month periods presented.

55

ITEM 9. 

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None

ITEM 9A. 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13(a)-15(b) under the Exchange Act, as the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 10-K.

Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2017 our disclosure controls and procedures are designed at a reasonable assurance level and are effective to provided reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control- Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework). Based on this assessment, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017.

Limitations of Effectiveness of Control and Procedures

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

ITEM 9B. 

OTHER INFORMATION

None

PART III

ITEM 10. 

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information with respect to this item will be set forth in the definitive proxy statement to be delivered to stockholders in connection with the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”). Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to all employees, including employees of our subsidiaries, as well as each member of our Board of Directors. The code of ethics is available at our website at www.crexendo.com.

56

ITEM 11. 

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information with respect to this item will be set forth in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Executive Compensation and Other Matters,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12. 

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS

Information with respect to this item will be set forth in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Beneficial Ownership of Shares,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 13. 

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information with respect to this item will be set forth in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Corporate Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14. 

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Information with respect to this item will be set forth in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Fees of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

57

PART IV

ITEM 15. 

EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

Documents filed as part of this Report:

1. 

Financial Statements – consolidated financial statements of Crexendo, Inc. and subsidiaries as set forth under Item 8 of this Report.

2. 

The Financial Statement Schedule on page 66 of this Annual Report.

3. 

Exhibit Index as seen below.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Exhibit Description	Incorporated By Reference			Filed Herewith
		Form	Date	Number
2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger dated February 28, 2000 by and among Netgateway, Inc., Galaxy Acquisition Corp. and Galaxy Enterprises, Inc.	8-K	3/21/00	10.1
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation	S-1	6/1/99	3.1
3.2	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation	S-1	9/7/00	3.1
3.3	Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation	10-K	10/15/02	3.3
3.4	Amended and Restated Bylaws	10-Q	11/20/01	3.2
3.5	Certificate of Ownership and Merger (4)	S-1/A	11/12/99	3.3
3.6	Articles of Merger	S-1/A	11/12/99	3.4
4.1	Form of Common Stock Certificate	10-K	10/15/02	4.1
4.2*	Form of Representatives’ Warrant	S-1	6/1/99	4.1
10.1*	1998 Stock Compensation Program	S-1	6/1/99	10.6
10.2*	Amended and Restated 1998 Stock Option Plan for Senior Executives	10-K	9/29/03	10.2
10.3*	Amended and Restated 1999 Stock Option Plan for Non-Executives	10-K	9/29/03	10.3
10.5*	2003 Equity Incentive Plan	10-K	9/10/04	10.11
10.6*	2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan	14A	4/30/13
10.7	Deed of Sale, dated February 28, 2014, from Crexendo, Inc. to SGM EXE, LLC.	8-K	3/4/14	10.1
10.8	Lease Agreement dated as of March 1, 2014 between Crexendo, Inc. and SGM EXE, LLC.	8-K	3/4/14	10.2
10.9	Stock Purchase Agreement, dated December 24, 2014 between Crexendo, Inc. and CEO Steven G. Mihaylo	8-K	12/24/14	10.1
10.10	Term Loan Agreement, dated December 31, 2015 between Crexendo, Inc. and CEO Steven G. Mihaylo	8-K	12/31/15	10.1
10.11	Amendment to a term Loan Agreement, dated June 28, 2016, between Crexendo, Inc. and Steven G. Mihaylo, as Trustee of the Steven G. Mihaylo Trust dated August 19, 1999	8-K	6/30/16	10.1
10.12	Reincorporation in state of Nevada for Crexendo, Inc. (Nevada) Articles of Incorporation	8-K	12/14/16	3.1
10.13	Reincorporation in state of Nevada for Crexendo, Inc. (Nevada) bylaws	8-K	12/14/16	3.2
10.14	Amendment to a term Loan Agreement, dated February 27, 2017, between Crexendo, Inc. and Steven G. Mihaylo, as Trustee of the Steven G. Mihaylo Trust dated August 19, 1999	8-K	3/2/17	10.1
21.1	Subsidiaries of Crexendo, Inc.				X
23.1	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Urish Popeck & Co., LLC)				X
31.1	Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended				X
31.2	Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended				X
32.1	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350				X
32.2	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350				X
101.INS	XBRL INSTANCE DOCUMENT
101.SCH	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA DOCUMENT
101.CAL	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
101.DEF	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
101.LAB	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE DOCUMENT
101.PRE	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

———————

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

58

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		CREXENDO, INC.
Date: March 6, 2018	By:	/s/ Steven G. Mihaylo
		Steven G. Mihaylo Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Date: March 6, 2018	By:	/s/ Steven G. Mihaylo
		Steven G. Mihaylo Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board of Directors
Date: March 6, 2018	By:	/s/ Ronald Vincent
		Ronald Vincent Chief Financial Officer

Date: March 6, 2018	By:	/s/ Todd Goergen
		Todd Goergen Director
Date: March 6, 2018	By:	/s/ Jeff Bash
		Jeff Bash Director
Date: March 6, 2018	By:	/s/ David Williams
		David Williams Director

Date: March 6, 2018	By:	/s/ Anil Puri
		Anil Puri Director

59

CREXENDO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Schedule II- Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

	Balance at			Balance at
	Beginning			End of
	of Year	Additions	Deductions	Year
		(in thousands)
Year ended December 31, 2017
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable	$47	-	(18)	$29
Deferred income tax asset valuation allowance	$14,810	-	(5,448)	$9,362
Year ended December 31, 2016
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable	$59	-	(12)	$47
Deferred income tax asset valuation allowance	$13,087	1,723	-	$14,810

60

EX-21.1

EXHIBIT 21.1

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT

	State of their jurisdiction of	Other names under
	incorporation or	which subsidiary does
Name of subsidiary	organization	business
Crexendo Business Solutions, Inc.	Arizona	None
Crexendo International, Inc.	Arizona	None

EX-23.1

EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statements No. 333-120433 and No. 333-190636 on Form S-8 of our report dated March 6, 2018, relating to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of Crexendo, Inc. and subsidiaries appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Crexendo Inc. and subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2017.

/s/ URISH POPECK & CO., LLC

Pittsburgh, PA

March 6, 2018

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

I, Steven G. Mihaylo, certify that:

1.            

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Crexendo, Inc.;

2. 

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. 

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. 

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) 

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) 

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) 

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) 

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) 

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) 

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 6, 2018	/s/ Steven G. Mihaylo
	Steven G. Mihaylo
	Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

I, Ronald Vincent, certify that:

1.            

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Crexendo, Inc.;

2. 

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. 

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. 

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) 

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) 

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) 

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) 

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. 

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) 

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) 

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 6, 2018	/s/ Ronald Vincent
	Ronald Vincent
	Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

In connection with the Crexendo, Inc. (the Company) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), I, Steven G. Mihaylo, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, do hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

1. 

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. 

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 6, 2018	/s/ Steven G. Mihaylo
	Steven G. Mihaylo
	Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

In connection with the Crexendo, Inc. (the Company) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), I, Ronald Vincent, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, do hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

1. 

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. 

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 6, 2018	/s/ Ronald Vincent
	Ronald Vincent
	Chief Financial Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Feb. 19, 2018
Document And Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	Crexendo, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001075736
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Is Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer?	No
Is Entity a Voluntary Filer?	No
Is Entity's Reporting Status Current?	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Public Float	$ 7,716,764
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		142,875,56.
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,282	$ 619
Restricted cash	100	100
Trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $19 as of December 31, 2017 and $34 as of December 31, 2016	375	346
Inventories	131	170
Equipment financing receivables	116	121
Prepaid expenses	530	686
Other current assets	10	8
Total Current Assets	2,544	2,050
Certificate of deposit	0	252
Long-term trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of of $10 as December 31, 2017 and $13 as of December 31, 2016	31	43
Long-term equipment financing receivables	58	176
Property and equipment, net	8	18
Intangible assets, net	239	335
Goodwill	272	272
Long-term prepaids	173	251
Other long-term assets	121	136
Total Assets	3,446	3,533
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	79	116
Accrued expenses	961	997
Notes payable, current portion	69	66
Income tax payable	0	5
Deferred revenue, current portion	957	809
Total Current Liabilities	2,066	1,993
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	31	43
Notes payable, net of current portion	10	966
Other long-term liabilities	0	16
Total Liabilities	2,107	3,018
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share - authorized 5,000,000 shares; none issued	0	0
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share - authorized 25,000,000 shares, 14,287,556 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 13,578,556 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016	14	14
Additional paid-in capital	60,560	58,716
Accumulated deficit	(59,235)	(58,215)
Total Stockholders' Equity	1,339	515
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$ 3,446	$ 3,533

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Assets
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts - Trade Receivables	$ 19	$ 34
Allowance for Doubtful accounts - Long Term Trade Receivables	$ 10	$ 13
Stockholders Equity
Preferred Stock par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred Stock Shares Authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred Stock Issued	0	0
Common Stock par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common Stock Shares Authorized	25,000,000	25,000,000
Common Stock Outstanding	14,287,556	13,578,556

XML

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Statement [Abstract]
Service revenue	$ 9,030	$ 7,644
Product revenue	1,347	1,475
Total revenue	10,377	9,119
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue	2,908	2,993
Cost of product revenue	549	632
Selling and marketing	2,924	2,531
General and administrative	4,071	4,900
Research and development	750	826
Total operating expenses	11,202	11,882
Loss from operations	(825)	(2,763)
Other income/(expense):
Interest income	10	15
Interest expense	(209)	(138)
Other income, net	11	106
Total other income/(expense), net	(188)	(17)
Loss before income tax	(1,013)	(2,780)
Income tax (provision)/benefit	(7)	(12)
Net loss	$ (1,020)	$ (2,792)
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$ (0.07)	$ (0.21)
Diluted	$ (0.07)	$ (0.21)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	13,938,342	13,358,311
Diluted	13,938,342	13,358,311

XML

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Beginning Balance, Amount at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 13	$ 57,614	$ (55,423)	$ 2,204
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2015	13,227,489
Expense for stock options granted to employees		653		653
Stock issued under stock award plans, Amount		9		9
Stock issued under stock award plans, Shares	8,310
Issuance of common stock in connection with a business acquisition, Amount		40		40
Issuance of common stock in connection with a business acquisition, Shares	17,757
Issuance of common stock for interest on related party note payable, Amount		101		101
Issuance of common stock for interest on related party note payable, Shares	75,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of common stock warrants, Amount	$ 1	299		300
Issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of common stock warrants, Shares	250,000
Net loss			(2,792)	(2,792)
Ending Balance, Amount at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 14	58,716	(58,215)	515
Ending Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2016	13,578,556
Expense for stock options granted to employees		530		530
Stock issued under stock award plans, Amount		1,162		1,162
Stock issued under stock award plans, Shares	607,000
Vesting of restricted stock units, Amount		43		43
Vesting of restricted stock units, Shares	27,000
Issuance of common stock for interest on related party note payable, Amount		109		109
Issuance of common stock for interest on related party note payable, Shares	75,000
Net loss			(1,020)	(1,020)
Ending Balance, Amount at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 14	$ 60,560	$ (59,235)	$ 1,339
Ending Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2017	14,287,556

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$ (1,020)	$ (2,792)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities:
Amortization of prepaid rent	54	322
Depreciation and amortization	106	146
Non-cash interest expense	201	124
Share-based compensation	573	653
Amortization of deferred gain	(16)	(93)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
Trade receivables	(17)	56
Equipment financing receivables	123	153
Inventories	39	(36)
Prepaid expenses	180	75
Other assets	13	40
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other	(73)	225
Income tax payable	(5)	5
Deferred revenue	136	(4)
Net cash used for operating activities	294	(1,126)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Sale of certificate of deposit	252	0
Purchase of long-term investment	0	(1)
Release of restricted cash	0	12
Net cash provided by/(used for) investing activities	252	11
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from note payable	111	150
Repayments of notes payable	(1,156)	(163)
Proceeds from exercise of options	1,162	9
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	0	300
Payments of contingent consideration	0	(59)
Net cash provided by financing activities	117	237
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	663	(878)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR	619	1,497
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR	1,282	619
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash used during the year for: Income taxes, net	(12)	(2)
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing information:
Issuance of common stock for payment of interest on related-party note payable	109	101
Issuance of common stock for contingent consideration related to business acquisition	0	40
Prepaid assets financed through notes payable	$ 111	$ 124

XML

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Description Of Business And Significant Accounting Policies

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business - Crexendo, Inc. is incorporated in the state of Nevada. As used hereafter in the notes to consolidated financial statements, we refer to Crexendo, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, as “we,” “us,” or “our Company.” Crexendo is a next-generation CLEC and an award-winning leader and provider of unified communications cloud telecom services, broadband internet services, and other cloud business services that are designed to provide enterprise-class cloud services to any size businesses at affordable monthly rates. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services.

Basis of Presentation – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Crexendo, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, which include Crexendo Business Solutions, Inc. and Crexendo International, Inc. All intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These consolidated financial statements reflect the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows of our Company.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents - We consider all highly liquid, short-term investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of $1,038,000 and $413,000, respectively.

Restricted Cash – We classified $100,000 and $100,000 as restricted cash as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Cash is restricted for compensating balance requirements on purchasing card agreements. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had restricted cash in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of $100,000 and $100,000, respectively.

Trade Receivables – Trade receivables from our cloud telecommunications and web services segments are recorded at invoiced amounts. We have historically offered to our web site development software customers the option to finance, typically through 24 and 36-month extended payment term agreements (“EPTAs”). EPTAs are reflected as short-term and long-term trade receivables, as applicable, as we have the intent and ability to hold the receivables for the foreseeable future, until maturity or payoff. EPTAs are recorded on a nonaccrual cash basis beginning on the contract date.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts –The allowance represents estimated losses resulting from customers’ failure to make required payments. The allowance estimate is based on historical collection experience, specific identification of probable bad debts based on collection efforts, aging of trade receivables, customer payment history, and other known factors, including current economic conditions. We believe that the allowance for doubtful accounts is adequate based on our assessment to date, however, actual collection results may differ materially from our expectations.

Inventory – Finished goods telecommunications equipment inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value (first-in, first-out method). In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we regularly evaluate whether inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. If net realizable value is less than cost, the write-down is recognized as a loss in earnings in the period in which the excess occurs.

Certificate of Deposit - Certificate of Deposit (“CD”) is collateral for merchant accounts. The CD was classified as long-term in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016. In March 2017, the bank removed the collateral requirement; therefore we sold the CD and transferred the proceeds to our cash and cash equivalents.

Property and Equipment - Depreciation and amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method in amounts sufficient to allocate the cost of depreciable assets over their estimated useful lives ranging from two to five years. The cost of leasehold improvements is amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the related lease. Depreciation expense is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $10,000 and $15,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Depreciable lives by asset group are as follows:

Computer and office equipment	2 to 5 years
Computer software	3 years
Furniture and fixtures	4 years
Leasehold improvements	2 to 5 years

Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property and equipment sold or otherwise retired are removed from the accounts and any related gain or loss on disposition is reflected in the statement of operations.

Goodwill – Goodwill is tested for impairment using a fair-value-based approach on an annual basis (December 31) and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist.

Intangible Assets - Our intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships and developed technology. The intangible assets are amortized following the patterns in which the economic benefits are consumed. We periodically review the estimated useful lives of our intangible assets and review these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The determination of impairment is based on estimates of future undiscounted cash flows. If an intangible asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of the impairment will be equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset.

Use of Estimates - In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management makes assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reported periods.  Specific estimates and judgments include valuation of goodwill and intangible assets in connection with business acquisitions, allowances for doubtful accounts, uncertainties related to certain income tax benefits, valuation of deferred income tax assets, valuations of share-based payments and recoverability of long-lived assets.  Management’s estimates are based on historical experience and on our expectations that are believed to be reasonable.  The combination of these factors forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results may differ from our current estimates and those differences may be material.

Service and Product Revenue Recognition - In general, we recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (2) the product or service has been provided to the customer; (3) the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and (4) the collection of our fees is probable. We recognize revenue from our Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services segments on an accrual basis, with the exception of our extended payment term agreement cash receipts which are recognized on a cash basis.

We enter into agreements where revenue is derived from multiple deliverables including any mix of products and/or services. For these arrangements, we determine whether the delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis, and in the event the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), whether the delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. If these criteria are met, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the separate units of accounting based on each unit’s relative selling price. If these criteria are not met, the arrangement is accounted for as a single unit of accounting which would result in revenue being recognized ratably over the contract term or deferred until the earlier of when such criteria are met or when the last undelivered element is delivered. The amount of product and services revenue recognized for arrangements with multiple deliverables is impacted by the allocation of arrangement consideration to the deliverables in the arrangement based on the relative selling prices. In determining our selling prices, we apply the selling price hierarchy using vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) when available, third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”) if VSOE does not exist, and best estimated selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available.

VSOE of fair value for elements of an arrangement is based upon the normal pricing and discounting practices for a deliverable when sold separately. In determining VSOE, we require that a substantial majority of the selling prices fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range, generally evidenced by a substantial majority of such historical stand-alone transactions falling within a reasonably narrow range of the median rate. In addition, we consider major service groups, geographies, customer classifications, and other variables in determining VSOE.

We are typically not able to determine TPE for our products or services. TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. Generally, our offerings contain a significant level of differentiation such that the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality is difficult to obtain. Furthermore, we are unable to reliably determine what similar competitor products’ selling prices are on a stand-alone basis.

When we are unable to establish the selling price using VSOE or TPE, we use BESP in our allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. We determine BESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, cost of products, gross margin objectives, pricing practices, geographies, customer classes and distribution channels.

We recognize revenue for delivered elements only when we determine there are no uncertainties regarding customer acceptance. Changes in the allocation of the sales price between delivered and undelivered elements can impact the timing of revenue recognized but does not change the total revenue recognized on any agreement.

Professional Services Revenue - Fees collected for professional services such as telecom installation services are recognized as revenue, net of expected customer refunds, over the period during which the services are performed, based upon the value for such services.

Cloud Telecommunications and Web Service Revenue - Fees collected for cloud telecommunications and website hosting services are recognized as revenue ratably as services are provided. Customers are billed for these services on a monthly or annual basis at the customer’s option. We recognize revenue ratably over the applicable service period. When we provide a free trial period, we do not begin to recognize recurring revenue until the trial period has ended and the customer has been billed for the services.

Equipment Sales and Financing Revenue - Revenue generated from the sale of telecommunications equipment is recognized when the devices are installed and cloud telecommunications services begin.

Fees generated from renting our cloud telecommunication equipment (IP or cloud telephone desktop devices) through leasing contracts are recognized as revenue based on whether the lease qualifies as an operating lease or sales-type lease. The two primary accounting provisions which we use to classify transactions as sales-type or operating leases are: 1) lease term to determine if it is equal to or greater than 75% of the economic life of the equipment and 2) the present value of the minimum lease payments to determine if they are equal to or greater than 90% of the fair market value of the equipment at the inception of the lease. The economic life of most of our products is estimated to be three years, since this represents the most frequent contractual lease term for our products, and there is no residual value for used equipment. Residual values, if any, are established at the lease inception using estimates of fair value at the end of the lease term. The vast majority of our leases that qualify as sales-type leases are non-cancelable and include cancellation penalties approximately equal to the full value of the lease receivables. Leases that do not meet the criteria for sales-type lease accounting are accounted for as operating leases. Revenue from sales-type leases is recognized upon installation and the interest portion is deferred and recognized as earned. Revenue from operating leases in recognized ratably over the applicable service period.

Commission Revenue - We have affiliate agreements with third-party entities that are resellers of satellite television services and Internet service providers. We receive commissions when the services are bundled with our offerings and we recognize commission revenue when received.

Cost of Service Revenue – Cost of service includes Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services cost of service revenue. Cloud Telecommunications cost of service revenue primarily consists of fees we pay to third-party telecommunications and business Internet providers, costs of other third party services we resell, personnel and travel expenses related to system implementation, and customer service. Web Services cost of service revenue consists primarily of customer service costs and outsourcing fees related to fulfillment of our professional web management services.

Cost of Product Revenue – Cost of product revenue primarily consists of the costs associated with the purchase of desktop devices and other third party equipment we purchase for resale.

Prepaid Sales Commissions - For arrangements where we recognize revenue over the relevant contract period, we defer related commission payments to our direct sales force and amortize these amounts over the same period that the related revenues are recognized. This is done to match commissions with the related revenues. Commission payments are nonrefundable unless amounts due from a customer are determined to be uncollectible or if the customer subsequently changes or terminates the level of service, in which case commissions which were paid are recoverable by us.

Research and Development - Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs related to internally developed software are expensed as research and development expense until technological feasibility has been achieved, after which the costs are capitalized.

Fair Value Measurements - The fair value of our financial assets and liabilities was determined based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following: 

Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2 — Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including:

·      Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

·      Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets;

·      Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and

·      Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment.  These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions.

Notes Payable – We record notes payable net of any discounts or premiums. Discounts and premiums are amortized as interest expense or income over the life of the note in such a way as to result in a constant rate of interest when applied to the amount outstanding at the beginning of any given period.

Income Taxes - We recognize a liability or asset for the deferred tax consequences of all temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Accruals for uncertain tax positions are provided for in accordance with accounting guidance. Accordingly, we may recognize the tax benefits from an uncertain tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Accounting guidance is also provided on de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and income tax disclosures. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns. Variations in the actual outcome of these future tax consequences could materially impact our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we evaluate all significant available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the existence of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. We have placed a full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets.

Interest and penalties associated with income taxes are classified as income tax expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Stock-Based Compensation - For equity-classified awards, compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period based on the computed fair value on the grant date of the award.  Equity classified awards include the issuance of stock options.

Comprehensive Loss – There were no other components of comprehensive loss other than net loss for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Operating Segments - Accounting guidance establishes standards for the way public business enterprises are to report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires enterprises to report selected information about operating segments in financial reports issued to stockholders. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services. Research and development expenses are allocated to Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services segments based on the level of effort, measured primarily by wages and benefits attributed to our engineering department.  Indirect sales and marketing expenses are allocated to the Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services segments based on level of effort, measured by month-to-date contract bookings.  General and administrativeexpenses are allocated to both segments based on revenue recognized for each segment. Accounting guidance also establishes standards for related disclosure about products and services, geographic areas and major customers. We generate over 90% of our total revenue from customers within North America (United States and Canada) and less than 10% of our total revenues from customers in other parts of the world.

Significant Customers – No customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. One telecommunications services customer accounted for 11% and 11% of total trade accounts receivable as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements - In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), improvement to employee share-based payment accounting. The new standard contains several amendments that will simplify the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, statutory tax withholding requirements, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The changes in the new standard eliminate the accounting for excess tax benefits to be recognized in additional paid-in capital and tax deficiencies recognized either in the income tax provision or in additional paid-in capital. The Company elected early adoption of ASU 2016-09 in 2016. Due to the Company’s valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets, no income tax benefit will be recognized in 2016 as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09. There will be no change to retained earnings with respect to excess tax benefits, as this is not applicable to the Company. The treatment of forfeitures has not changed as we are electing to continue our current process of estimating the number of forfeitures. As such, this has no cumulative effect on retained earnings. With the early adoption of 2016-09, we have elected to present the cash flow statement on a prospective transition method and no prior periods have been adjusted.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which will require entities to present deferred tax assets (DTAs) and deferred tax liabilities (DTLs) as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. The ASU simplifies the current guidance, which requires entities to separately present DTAs and DTLs as current and noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 (and interim periods within those annual periods) and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2015-17 may be either applied prospectively to all deferred tax assets and liabilities or retrospectively to all periods presented. We have elected to early adopt ASU 2015-17 prospectively in the fourth quarter of 2016. As a result, we have presented all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016, but have not reclassified current deferred tax assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015. There was no impact on our results of operations as a result of the adoption of ASU 2015-17.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations, which requires that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period for a business combination in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. Prior to the issuance of the standard, entities were required to retrospectively apply adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory, which will require an entity to measure in scope inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method. The amendments do not apply to inventory that is measured using last-in, first-out (LIFO) or the retail inventory method. The amendments apply to all other inventory, which includes inventory that is measured using first-in, first-out (FIFO) or average cost. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software, which provides guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance will not change U.S. GAAP for a customer's accounting for service contracts. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software, which provides guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance will not change U.S. GAAP for a customer's accounting for service contracts. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern, which requires management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the ASU (1) provides a definition of the term substantial doubt, (2) requires an evaluation every reporting period including interim periods, (3) provides principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans, (4) requires certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, (5) requires an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated, and (6) requires an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which requires that a performance target that affects vesting and could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. A reporting entity should apply existing guidance in ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, as it relates to such awards. ASU 2014-12 is effective for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2017 with early adoption permitted using either of two methods: (i) prospective to all awards granted or modified after the effective date; or (ii) retrospective to all awards with performance targets that are outstanding as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements and to all new or modified awards thereafter, with the cumulative effect of applying ASU 2014-12 as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2014-12 effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of this ASU did not impact our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, as there are no performance targets associated with outstanding awards.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, the amendments provide guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. Effective for all entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this new ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In addition, income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit should be considered when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The amendments also eliminate the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. This guidance is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2017-04 should be adopted on a prospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the adoption and potential impact of this new ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business, that provides guidance to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities (set) is a business. Under the new guidance, an entity first determines whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this threshold is met, the set is not a business. If it’s not met, the entity then evaluates whether the set meets the requirement that a business include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. Under today’s guidance, it doesn’t matter whether all the value relates primarily to one asset. Under ASU 2017-01, a set is not a business when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. The ASU includes guidance on which types of assets can and cannot be combined into a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets for the purpose of applying the threshold. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15 2017, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted, including for interim or annual periods in which the financial statements have not been issued or made available for issuance.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. As a result, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendments do not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The adoption of this new ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which amends ASC 230, to clarify guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. The FASB issued ASU 2016-15 with the intent of reducing diversity in practice with respect to eight types of cash flows. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the adoption and potential impact of this new ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, makes certain targeted amendments to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers:

●  Assessing collectibility. The amendments add a “substantially all” threshold to the collectibility criterion, and also clarify that the objective of the collectibility assessment is to determine whether the contract is valid and represents a substantive transaction based on whether a customer has the ability and intent to pay for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer, as opposed to all of the goods or services promised in the contract. The ASU also clarifies how an entity may recognize as revenue consideration received in circumstances where a contract does not meet the criteria required at inception to apply the recognition guidance within the revenue standard.

●  Presenting sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers. The amendments provide an accounting policy election whereby an entity may exclude from the measurement of transaction price all taxes assessed by a taxing authority related to the specific transaction and that are collected from the customer. Such amounts would be presented “net” under this option.

●  Noncash consideration. The amendments clarify that the fair value of noncash consideration is measured at contract inception, and specify how to account for subsequent changes in the fair value of noncash consideration.

●  Contract modifications at transition. The amendments provide a new practical expedient whereby an entity electing either the full or modified retrospective method of transition is permitted to reflect the aggregate effect of all prior period modifications (using hindsight) when identifying satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations, determining the transaction price, and allocating the transaction price to satisfied and unsatisfied obligations.

●  Completed contracts at transition. The amendments include certain practical expedients in transition related to completed contracts. The amendments also clarify the definition of a completed contract.

●  Disclosing the accounting change in the period of adoption. ASU 2016-12 provides an exception to the requirement in Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, to disclose the effect on the current period of retrospectively adopting a new accounting standard. As such, the disclosure requirement does not apply to adoption of the new revenue standard with respect to the year of adoption.

The effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2016-12 are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606). The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, more clearly articulates the guidance for assessing whether promises are separately identifiable in the overall context of the contract, which is one of two criteria for determining whether promises are distinct. The ASU also clarifies the factors an entity should consider when assessing whether two or more promises are separately identifiable, and provides additional examples within the implementation guidance for assessing these factors. The ASU further clarifies that an entity is not required to identify promised goods or services that are immaterial in the context of the contract, although customer options to purchase additional goods or services that represent a material right should not be designated as immaterial in the context of the contract. The ASU also provides an accounting policy election whereby an entity may account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment activity rather than as an additional promised service in certain circumstances.

The ASU also clarifies whether a license of intellectual property (IP) represents a right to use the IP (which is satisfied at a point in time) or a right to access the IP (which is satisfied over time) by categorizing the underlying IP as either functional or symbolic. A promise to grant a license that is not a separate performance obligation must be considered in the context above (i.e., functional or symbolic), in order to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over time, and how to best measure progress toward completion if recognized over time. Regardless of a license’s nature (i.e., functional or symbolic), an entity may not recognize revenue from a license of IP before 1) it provides or otherwise makes available a copy of the IP to the customer, and 2) the period during which the customer is able to use and benefit from the license has begun (i.e., the beginning of the license period).Additionally, the ASU clarifies that 1) an entity should not split a sales-based or usage-based royalty into a portion subject to the guidance on sales-based and usage-based royalties and a portion that is not subject to that guidance; and 2) the guidance on sales-based and usage-based royalties applies whenever the predominant item to which the royalty relates is a license of IP. Lastly, the amendments distinguish contractual provisions requiring the transfer of additional rights to use or access IP that the customer does not already control from provisions that are attributes of a license (e.g., restrictions of time, geography, or use). License attributes define the scope of the rights conveyed to the customer; they do not determine when the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2016-10 are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606). The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). The ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, which provides guidance for revenue recognition. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, companies will need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under today’s guidance. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year. Accordingly, public business entities should apply the guidance in ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods (including interim periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2017. We will use the modified retrospective approach upon adoption of this guidance effective January 1, 2018. We have utilized a comprehensive approach to assess the impact of the guidance on our contract portfolio. We have reviewed our current accounting policies and practices to identify potential differences resulting from the application of the new requirements to our revenue contracts, including evaluation of performance obligations in the contract, allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation and accounting treatment of costs to obtain and fulfill contracts. In addition, we will update certain disclosures, as applicable, included in our financial statements to meet the requirements of the new guidance.

We are substantially complete with our review of contracts with our customers. We expect to record a cumulative effect adjustment to accumulated deficit upon adoption of the new revenue standard as of January 1, 2018. The cumulative adjustment is related to incremental upfront contract acquisition costs (such as sales commissions) for customer contracts. The new standard requires these incremental costs to be capitalized and amortized over the estimated life of the asset. Currently, our indirect sales commissions for the sales leadership team are expensed as incurred. We anticipate the resulting contract acquisition asset will be amortized over the average contract life for the group of contracts that resulted in the achievement of the bonuses and commissions. We will evaluate the contract assets for impairment on a periodic basis.

For the majority of our contracts, we expect no change from ASU 2014-09. We have some contracts where we recognize revenue from the reselling of third party products and service. We are currently evaluating these contracts to determine if we meet the requirements for reporting revenue on a gross basis. We expect there will be no impact on the accumulated deficit as a result of any changes to our current policy. The adjustments will not have a material impact on revenue or cost of revenue.

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2. Net Loss Per Common Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Net Loss Per Common Share

2. Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed giving effect to all dilutive common stock equivalents, consisting of common stock options and warrants. Diluted net loss per common share for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is the same as basic net loss per common share as the common share equivalents were anti-dilutive due to the net loss. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share: 

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Net loss (in thousands)	$	(1,020	)	$	(2,792	)
Weighted-average share reconciliation:
Weighted-average shares outstanding		13,938,342			13,358,311
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding		13,938,342			13,358,311
Diluted shares outstanding		13,938,342			13,358,311
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.21	)
Diluted	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.21	)

Common stock equivalent shares are not included in the computation of diluted loss per share, as the Company has a net loss and the inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive due to the net loss. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the common stock equivalent shares were, as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2016
Shares of common stock issuable under equity incentive plans outstanding		3,648,939		3,932,114
Common stock equivalent shares excluded from diluted net loss per share		3,648,939		3,932,114

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3. Trade Receivables, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Trade Receivables Net

3. Trade Receivables, net

Our trade receivables balance consists of traditional trade receivables and residual Extended Payment Term Agreements (EPTAs) sold prior to July 2011.  Below is an analysis of the days outstanding of our trade receivables as shown on our balance sheet (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2017			2016
Trade receivables	$	389		$	366
Conforming EPTAs		41			66
Non-Conforming EPTAs:
1 - 30 days		4			4
31 - 60 days		-			-
61 - 90 days		1			-
Gross trade receivables		435			436
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(29	)		(47	)
Trade receivables, net	$	406		$	389
Current trade receivables, net	$	375		$	346
Long-term trade receivables, net		31			43
Trade receivables, net	$	406		$	389

All current and long-term EPTAs in the table above had original contract terms of greater than one year. The Company wrote off $13,000 and $37,000 of EPTAs during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, of which, all had original contract terms of greater than one year.

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4. Equipment Financing Receivables

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Equipment Financing Receivables

4. Equipment Financing Receivables

We rent certain cloud telecommunication equipment (IP desktop devices) through leasing contracts that we classify as either operating leases or sale-type leases. Equipment finance receivables are expected to be collected over the next thirty-six to sixty months. Equipment finance receivables arising from the rental of our cloud telecommunications equipment through sales-type leases, were as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2017			2016
Gross financing receivables	$	264		$	573
Less unearned income		(90	)		(276	)
Financing receivables, net		174			297
Less: Current portion of finance receivables, net		(116	)		(121	)
Finance receivables due after one year	$	58		$	176

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5. Prepaid Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Prepaid Expenses

5. Prepaid Expenses

Prepaid expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2017		2016
Prepaid rent	$	-	$	54
Prepaid commissions		452		503
Prepaid software support		8		42
Prepaid inventory deposits		117		156
Other prepaid expenses		126		182
Total prepaid assets	$	703	$	937

Included in the totals above is $173,000 of long-term prepaid commissions as of December 31, 2017 and $251,000 of long-term prepaid commissions as of December 31, 2016.

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6. Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Property And Equipment

6. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2017			2016
Software	$	681		$	681
Computers and office equipment		1,685			1,685
Leasehold improvements		27			27
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(2,385	)		(2,375	)
Total property and equipment, net	$	8		$	18

Depreciation and amortization expense is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $10,000 and $15,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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7. Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

7. Intangible Assets

The net carrying amount of intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2017			2016
Customer relationships	$	941		$	941
Developed technology		198			198
Less accumulated amortization:
Customer relationships		(702	)		(607	)
Developed technology		( 198	)		(197	)
Total	$	239		$	335

Amortization expense is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $96,000 and $131,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The following table outlines the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets held at December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,
2018	$	(72	)
2019		(53	)
2020		(39	)
2021		(29	)
2022		(21	)
Thereafter		(25	)
Total	$	(239	)

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8. Goodwill

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Goodwill Tables

8. Goodwill

The Company has recorded goodwill as a result of its business acquisitions. Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. In each of the Company’s acquisitions, the objective of the acquisition was to expand the Company’s product offerings and customer base and to achieve synergies related to cross selling opportunities, all of which contributed to the recognition of goodwill

The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

	Acquisition Related Goodwill
Balance at January 1, 2016	$	272
Increase (decrease)		-
Balance at December 31, 2016		272
Increase (decrease)		-
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	272

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9. Accrued Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Acquisition Contingent Consideration Member

9. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2017		2016
Accrued wages and benefits	$	303	$	369
Accrued accounts payable		242		230
Accrued sales and telecommunications taxes		343		310
Other		73		88
Total accrued expenses	$	961	$	997

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10. Notes Payable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

10. Notes Payable

Related Party Note Payable

On December 30, 2015, Crexendo, Inc. (the "Company") entered into a Term Loan Agreement (the "Loan Agreement"), with Steven G. Mihaylo, as Trustee of The Steven G. Mihaylo Trust dated August 19, 1999 (the "Lender"). Mr. Mihaylo is the principal shareholder and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The term of the Loan is five years, with simple interest paid at 9% per annum until a balloon payment is due December 30, 2020. The Loan Agreement provides for interest to be paid in shares of common stock of the Company (the “Common Stock”) at a stock price of $1.20. For the first two years of the Loan term, interest will be paid in advance at the beginning of each year; for the last three years of the Loan term, interest will be paid at the end of each year. After the second year of the Loan term, there is no pre-payment penalty for early repayment of the outstanding principal amount of the Loan. If the Loan is repaid within the first two years of the Loan term, the Company will forfeit prepaid interest as a pre-payment penalty.

In February 2017, the Company entered into a second amendment to our Loan Agreement with Steven G. Mihaylo. The amendment extends the ability of the Board of Directors to request the remaining $1.0 million available under the Loan Agreement if necessary to fund operations through May 30, 2018. All other terms remain the same as initial loan agreement.

In September 2017, Steven G. Mihaylo exercised 444,999 options for a total strike price of $974,000. In December 2017, Steven G. Mihaylo exercised 12,001 options for a total strike price of $22,000. The Company used the proceeds from the stock options exercise to repay $996,000 of the $1.0 million outstanding related party note payable. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company accelerated the amortization of the debt discount in the amount of $77,000 as a result of the repayment.

Other notes payable

Other notes payable consists of short and long-term financing arrangements for software licenses, subscriptions, support and corporate insurance.

The Company’s outstanding balances under its note payable agreements as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Related party note payable	$	4		$	1,000
Other notes payable		75			124
		79			1,124
Less: notes payable discount		-			(92	)
Net carrying value of notes payable		79			1,032
Less: current portion of notes payable		(69	)		(66	)
Long-term notes payable	$	10		$	966

As of December 31, 2017, future principal payments are scheduled as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,
2018	$	69
2019		6
2020		4
Total	$	79

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11. Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Fair Value Measurements

11. Fair Value Measurements

We have financial instruments as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 for which the fair value is summarized below (in thousands):

	December 31, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Trade receivables, net	$	406	$	406	$	389	$	389
Equipment financing receivables		174		174		297		297
Certificate of deposit		-		-		252		252
Liabilities:
Notes payable including discount from warrant grant		79		79		1,032		1,133

Assets for which fair value is recognized in the balance sheet on a recurring basis are summarized below as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

			Fair value measurement at reporting date
Description	As of December 31, 2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Certificate of deposit	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Description	As of December 31, 2016		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Certificate of deposit	$	252	$	-	$	252	$	-

The carrying amount of certificates of deposit approximates fair value, as determined by certificates of deposit with similar terms and conditions.

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12. Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Equity [Abstract]

12. Equity

Common Stock

Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance as of December 31, 2017 were as follows:

Stock-based compensation plans:
Outstanding option awards	3,648,939
Available for future grants	1,975,470
	5,624,409

Warrants

On December 30, 2015, the Company entered into a term loan agreement with a major shareholder and CEO of the Company, whereby the lender has agreed to make an unsecured loan to the Company in the initial principal amount of $1,000,000. In connection with the term loan agreement, the Company granted to the lender a warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of Common Stock. The warrants are legally detachable and separately exercisable. The proceeds from the term loan agreement were allocated to note payable and the warrants based on the relative fair value of the instruments. Fair value of the warrants was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

Expected volatility	62	%
Expected life (in years)	4.27
Risk-free interest rate	1.80	%
Expected dividend yield	0.00	%

During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company exercised its right to require the purchaser to exercise 0 and 250,000 warrants, respectively. The exercise generated an additional $0 and $300,000 in cash provided by financing activities, respectively.

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13. Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

13. Stock-Based Compensation

We have various incentive stock-based compensation plans that provide for the grant of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and other share-based awards of up to 5,624,409 shares to eligible employees, consultants, and directors. As of December 31, 2017, we had 1,975,470 shares remaining in the plans available to grant.

Stock Options

The weighted-average fair value of stock options on the date of grant and the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model were as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Weighted-average fair value of options granted	$	0.78		$	0.61
Expected volatility		60	%		63	%
Expected life (in years)		4.30			4.30
Risk-free interest rate		1.98	%		1.52	%
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%

The expected volatility of the options is determined using historical volatilities based on historical stock prices. The expected life of the options granted is based on our historical share option exercise experience. The risk-free interest rate is determined using the yield available for zero-coupon U.S. government issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the option. The Company has not declared any dividends, therefore, it is assumed to be zero.

The following table summarizes the stock option activity under the plans for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

	Number of			Weighted-Average		Weighted-Average Remaining	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	Shares	Shares		Exercise Price		Contract Life	(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2016		4,380,698		$	2.56	6.2 years	$	-
Granted		78,500			1.21
Exercised		(8,310	)		1.11
Cancelled/forfeited		(518,774	)		2.20
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		3,932,114			2.59	5.2 years		400
Granted		527,500			1.59
Exercised		(607,000	)		1.92
Cancelled/forfeited		(203,675	)		1.61
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		3,648,939			2.61	4.3 years		1,346
Shares vested and expected to vest		3,542,803			2.61	4.3 years		1,275
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017		3,185,420			2.78	4.1 years		1,037
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016		3,181,892			2.84	5.1 years		268

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, was $59,000 and $2,000 respectively.

As of December 31, 2017, the total future compensation expense related to non-vested options not yet recognized in the consolidated statements of operations was approximately $305,000 and the weighted-average period over which these awards are expected to be recognized is approximately 1.9 years.

Restricted Stock Units:

The following table summarizes the RSUs activity under the plans for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

	Number of			Weighted-Average
	Units	Units		Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2016		-		$	-
Granted		-			-
Vested		-			-
Cancelled/forfeited		-			-
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		-			-
Granted		27,000			1.60
Vested		(27,000	)		1.60
Cancelled/forfeited		-			-
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		-			-

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of RSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $1.60 and $0, respectively.

The following table summarizes the statement of operations effect of stock-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2016
Share-based compensation expense by type:
Stock options	$	530	$	653
Restricted stock units		43		-
Total cost related to share-based compensation expense	$	573	$	653
Share-based compensation expense by financial statement line item:
Cost of revenue	$	93	$	102
Research and development		85		119
Selling and marketing		74		90
General and administrative		321		342
Total cost related to share-based compensation expense	$	573	$	653

There is no tax benefit related to stock compensation expense due to a full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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14. Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Taxes Details 3

14. Income Taxes

The income tax expense/(benefit) consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2016
Current income tax expense:
Federal	$	-	$	-
State and local		7		12
Current income tax expense	$	7	$	12

There was no deferred income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

The income tax provision attributable to loss before income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 34.0% as a result of the following (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
U.S. federal statutory income tax benefit	$	(345	)	$	(945	)
Increase in income tax benefit resulting from:
State and local income tax expense/(benefit), net of federal effect		990			(879	)
Change in the valuation allowance for net deferred income tax assets		(5,448	)		1,723
Change in the tax rate for net deferred income tax assets		4,539			-
Other, net		271			113
Income tax expense	$	7		$	12

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, significant components of net deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2017			2016
Deferred income tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$	41		$	99
Deferred revenue		256			324
Net operating loss carry-forwards		6,449			9,643
Foreign tax credits		-			892
Stock-based compensation		2,242			3,402
Property and equipment		4			13
Other		554			788
Subtotal		9,546			15,161
Valuation allowance		(9,362	)		(14,810	)
Total deferred income tax assets		184			351
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property and equipment		-			-
Prepaid expenses and other		(184	)		(351	)
Total deferred income tax liabilities		(184	)		(351	)
Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities)	$	-		$	-

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2002 (our fiscal year was subsequently changed to December 31), we experienced a change in ownership, as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”) under Section 382. A change of ownership occurs when ownership of a company increases by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year testing period of certain stockholders. As a result of this ownership change we determined that our annual limitation on the utilization of our federal pre-ownership change net operating loss (“NOL”) carry-forwards is approximately $461,000 per year. We will only be able to utilize $5,761,000 of our pre-ownership change NOL carry-forwards and will forgo utilizing $14,871,000 of our pre-ownership change NOL carry-forwards as a result of this ownership change. We do not account for forgone NOL carryovers in our deferred tax assets and only account for the NOL carry-forwards that will not expire unutilized as a result of the restrictions of Code Section 382.

As of December 31, 2017, we had NOL and research and development tax credit carry-forwards for U.S. federal income tax reporting purposes of approximately $24,401,000 and $129,000 respectively. The NOLs will begin to expire in 2020 through 2037 and the research and development credits will begin to expire in 2019 through 2020.

We also have state NOL and research and development credit carry-forwards of approximately $19,305,000 and $61,000 which expire on specified dates as set forth in the rules of the various states to which the carry-forwards relate.

We also have foreign NOL carry-forwards of approximately $710,000 which expire on specified dates as set forth in the rules of the various countries in which the carry-forwards relate.

In assessing the recovery of the deferred tax assets, we considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized.  The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.  We considered the scheduled reversals of future deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, from telecommunications services segment, the suspension of the sale of product and services through the direct mail seminar sales channel for our web services segment, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.  As a result, we determined it was more likely than not that the deferred tax assets would not be realized as of December 31, 2017 and 2016; accordingly, we recorded a full valuation allowance.  The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $9,362,000 and $14,810,000 respectively. 

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”) was signed into law. The new law includes, among other items, a permanent reduction to the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 34% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21.0%, U.S. GAAP requires companies to remeasure their deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the date of enactment, with resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment. The Company remeasured deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to be utilized in the future. As a result, our net deferred tax assets, without regard to the valuation allowance, decreased by $4.5 million. This decrease was offset by a corresponding decrease in our valuation allowance. There was no charge to our income tax expense as a result of the reduction in corporate income tax rate.

The net change in our valuation allowance was a decrease of $5,448,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and an increase of $1,723,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Accounting guidance clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions and requires companies to recognize the impact of a tax position in their financial statements, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position.

Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, there can be no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which we have reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Such difference could have a material impact on our income tax provision and operating results in the period in which it makes such determination.

The aggregate changes in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of January 1, 2016	$	891
Reductions due to lapsed statute of limitations		-
Balance as of December 31, 2016		891
Reductions due to lapsed statute of limitations		(891	)
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	-

Estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment or late payment of income taxes are classified as a component of income tax provision in the consolidated statements of operations. There were no accrued interest and penalties as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Our U.S. federal income tax returns for fiscal 2014 through 2017 are open tax years. We also file in various states, with few exceptions, we are no longer subject to state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to fiscal 2013.

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15. Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

We lease office space under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. Currently we have one lease agreement, which is expiring in 2018. The operating lease for our Reno, NV office contains customary escalation clauses. Rental expense incurred on operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $20,000 and $103,000, respectively.

Sale-Leaseback

On February 28, 2014, the Company sold and leased back the land, building and furniture associated with the corporate headquarters in Tempe, Arizona to a Company that is owned by the major shareholder and CEO of the Company for $2.0 million in cash. The Company recognized a deferred gain of $281,000 on sale-leaseback, which was amortized over the initial lease term of 36 months to offset rent expense. Deferred gain amortization for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $16,000 and $93,000, respectively.

Effective March 1, 2017 the rent agreement was renewed for a three year term with rent payable in cash. Rent expense incurred on the sale-leaseback during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $288,000 and $229,000, respectively.

Future aggregate minimum lease obligations under the operating lease and sale-leaseback as of December 31, 2017, exclusive of taxes and insurance, are as follows (in thousands):

Year ending December 31,
2018		315
2019		300
2020		50
Total	$	665

Legal Proceedings

From time to time we receive inquiries from federal, state, city and local government officials as well as the FCC and taxing authorities in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. These inquiries and investigations related primarily to our discontinued seminar operations and concern compliance with various city, county, state, and/or federal regulations involving sales, representations made, customer service, refund policies, services and marketing practices. We respond to these inquiries and have generally been successful in addressing the concerns of these persons and entities, without a formal complaint or charge being made, although there is often no formal closing of the inquiry or investigation. There can be no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these or other inquiries and investigations will not have a material adverse effect on our business or operations, or that a formal complaint will not be initiated. We also receive complaints and inquiries in the ordinary course of our business from both customers and governmental and non-governmental bodies on behalf of customers, and in some cases these customer complaints have risen to the level of litigation. There can be no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

We are also subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the resolution of these other cases will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, or results of operations.

We have recorded liabilities of approximately $0 and $0 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for estimated losses resulting from various legal proceedings in which we are engaged. Attorney’s fees associated with the various legal proceedings are expensed as incurred. We are also subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the resolution of these other cases will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, or results of operations.

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16. Employee Benefit Plan

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Employee Benefit Plan

16. Employee Benefit Plan

We have established a retirement savings plan for eligible employees. The plan allows employees to contribute a portion of their pre-tax compensation in accordance with specified guidelines. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we contributed approximately $111,000 and $119,000 to the retirement savings plan, respectively.

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17. Segments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Segments

17. Segments

Management has chosen to organize the Company around differences based on its products and services. Cloud Telecommunications segment generates revenue from selling cloud telecommunication products and services and broadband internet services. Web Services segment generates revenue from website hosting and other professional services. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services. Segment revenue and income/(loss) before income tax provision was as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Revenue:
Cloud telecommunications	$	9,320		$	7,757
Web services		1,057			1,362
Consolidated revenue		10,377			9,119
Income/(loss) from operations:
Cloud telecommunications		(1,331	)		(3,174	)
Web services		506			411
Total operating loss		(825	)		(2,763	)
Other income/(expense), net:
Cloud telecommunications		(183	)		(36	)
Web services		(5	)		19
Total other expense, net		(188	)		(17	)
Income/(loss) before income tax provision
Cloud telecommunications		(1,514	)		(3,210	)
Web services		501			430
Loss before income tax provision	$	(1,013	)	$	(2,780	)

Depreciation and amortization was $95,000 and $126,000 for the Cloud Telecommunications segment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Depreciation and amortization was $11,000 and $20,000 for the Web Services segment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Interest income was $10,000 and $15,000 for the Web Services segment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Interest expense was $189,000 and $120,000 for the Cloud Telecommunications segment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 respectively. Interest expense was $20,000 and $18,000 for the Web Services segment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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18. Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Quarterly Financial Information

18. Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited)

	For the three months ended
	March 31,			June 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Consolidated	2017			2017			2017			2017
Service revenue	$	2,065		$	2,182		$	2,305		$	2,478
Product revenue		279			303			385			380
Total revenue		2,344			2,485			2,690			2,858
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue		694			703			709			802
Cost of product revenue		108			124			152			165
Selling and marketing		690			709			734			791
General and administrative		1,171			1,009			955			936
Research and development		190			185			194			181
Total operating expenses		2,853			2,730			2,744			2,875
Loss from operations		(509	)		(245	)		(54	)		(17	)
Total other income/(expense), net		(30	)		(32	)		(127	)		1
Loss before income taxes		(539	)		(277	)		(181	)		(16	)
Income tax benefit/(provision)		(4	)		(4	)		(8	)		9
Net loss	$	(543	)	$	(281	)	$	(189	)	$	(7	)
Basic net loss per common share (1)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.00	)
Diluted net loss per common share (1)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.00	)

	For the three months ended
	March 31,			June 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Consolidated	2016			2016			2016			2016
Service revenue	$	1,823		$	1,837		$	1,946		$	2,038
Product revenue		351			430			387			307
Total revenue		2,174			2,267			2,333			2,345
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue		762			741			776			714
Cost of product revenue		151			176			156			149
Selling and marketing		610			636			681			604
General and administrative		1,291			1,274			1,140			1,195
Research and development		229			216			189			192
Total operating expenses		3,043			3,043			2,942			2,854
Loss from operations		(869	)		(776	)		(609	)		(509	)
Total other income/(expense), net		4			2			(8	)		(15	)
Loss before income taxes		(865	)		(774	)		(617	)		(524	)
Income tax provision		(3	)		(4	)		(4	)		(1	)
Net loss	$	(868	)	$	(778	)	$	(621	)	$	(525	)
Basic net loss per common share (1)	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.04	)
Diluted net loss per common share (1)	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.04	)

———————

 (1)  Net income (loss) per common share is computed independently for each of the quarters presented. Therefore, the sums of quarterly net income (loss) per common share amounts do not necessarily equal the total for the twelve month periods presented.

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1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Description Of Business And Significant Accounting Policies Policies

Description of Business

Crexendo, Inc. is incorporated in the state of Nevada. As used hereafter in the notes to consolidated financial statements, we refer to Crexendo, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, as “we,” “us,” or “our Company.” Crexendo is a next-generation CLEC and an award-winning leader and provider of unified communications cloud telecom services, broadband internet services, and other cloud business services that are designed to provide enterprise-class cloud services to any size businesses at affordable monthly rates. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Crexendo, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, which include Crexendo Business Solutions, Inc. and Crexendo International, Inc. All intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These consolidated financial statements reflect the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows of our Company.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid, short-term investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of $1,038,000 and $413,000, respectively.

Restricted Cash

We classified $100,000 and $100,000 as restricted cash as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Cash is restricted for compensating balance requirements on purchasing card agreements. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had restricted cash in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of $100,000 and $100,000, respectively.

Trade Receivables

Trade receivables from our cloud telecommunications and web services segments are recorded at invoiced amounts. We have historically offered to our web site development software customers the option to finance, typically through 24 and 36-month extended payment term agreements (“EPTAs”). EPTAs are reflected as short-term and long-term trade receivables, as applicable, as we have the intent and ability to hold the receivables for the foreseeable future, until maturity or payoff. EPTAs are recorded on a nonaccrual cash basis beginning on the contract date.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance represents estimated losses resulting from customers’ failure to make required payments. The allowance estimate is based on historical collection experience, specific identification of probable bad debts based on collection efforts, aging of trade receivables, customer payment history, and other known factors, including current economic conditions. We believe that the allowance for doubtful accounts is adequate based on our assessment to date, however, actual collection results may differ materially from our expectations.

Inventory

Finished goods telecommunications equipment inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value (first-in, first-out method). In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we regularly evaluate whether inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. If net realizable value is less than cost, the write-down is recognized as a loss in earnings in the period in which the excess occurs.

Certificate of Deposit

Certificate of Deposit (“CD”) is collateral for merchant accounts. The CD was classified as long-term in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016. In March 2017, the bank removed the collateral requirement; therefore we sold the CD and transferred the proceeds to our cash and cash equivalents.

Property and Equipment

Depreciation and amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method in amounts sufficient to allocate the cost of depreciable assets over their estimated useful lives ranging from two to five years. The cost of leasehold improvements is amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the related lease. Depreciation expense is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $10,000 and $15,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Depreciable lives by asset group are as follows:

Computer and office equipment	2 to 5 years
Computer software	3 years
Furniture and fixtures	4 years
Leasehold improvements	2 to 5 years

Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property and equipment sold or otherwise retired are removed from the accounts and any related gain or loss on disposition is reflected in the statement of operations.

Goodwill

Goodwill is tested for impairment using a fair-value-based approach on an annual basis (December 31) and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist.

Intangible Assets

Our intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships and developed technology. The intangible assets are amortized following the patterns in which the economic benefits are consumed. We periodically review the estimated useful lives of our intangible assets and review these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The determination of impairment is based on estimates of future undiscounted cash flows. If an intangible asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of the impairment will be equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset.

Use of Estimates

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management makes assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reported periods.  Specific estimates and judgments include valuation of goodwill and intangible assets in connection with business acquisitions, allowances for doubtful accounts, uncertainties related to certain income tax benefits, valuation of deferred income tax assets, valuations of share-based payments and recoverability of long-lived assets.  Management’s estimates are based on historical experience and on our expectations that are believed to be reasonable.  The combination of these factors forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results may differ from our current estimates and those differences may be material.

Revenue Recognition

In general, we recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (2) the product or service has been provided to the customer; (3) the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and (4) the collection of our fees is probable. We recognize revenue from our Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services segments on an accrual basis, with the exception of our extended payment term agreement cash receipts which are recognized on a cash basis.

We enter into agreements where revenue is derived from multiple deliverables including any mix of products and/or services. For these arrangements, we determine whether the delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis, and in the event the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), whether the delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. If these criteria are met, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the separate units of accounting based on each unit’s relative selling price. If these criteria are not met, the arrangement is accounted for as a single unit of accounting which would result in revenue being recognized ratably over the contract term or deferred until the earlier of when such criteria are met or when the last undelivered element is delivered. The amount of product and services revenue recognized for arrangements with multiple deliverables is impacted by the allocation of arrangement consideration to the deliverables in the arrangement based on the relative selling prices. In determining our selling prices, we apply the selling price hierarchy using vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) when available, third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”) if VSOE does not exist, and best estimated selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available.

VSOE of fair value for elements of an arrangement is based upon the normal pricing and discounting practices for a deliverable when sold separately. In determining VSOE, we require that a substantial majority of the selling prices fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range, generally evidenced by a substantial majority of such historical stand-alone transactions falling within a reasonably narrow range of the median rate. In addition, we consider major service groups, geographies, customer classifications, and other variables in determining VSOE.

We are typically not able to determine TPE for our products or services. TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. Generally, our offerings contain a significant level of differentiation such that the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality is difficult to obtain. Furthermore, we are unable to reliably determine what similar competitor products’ selling prices are on a stand-alone basis.

When we are unable to establish the selling price using VSOE or TPE, we use BESP in our allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. We determine BESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, cost of products, gross margin objectives, pricing practices, geographies, customer classes and distribution channels.

We recognize revenue for delivered elements only when we determine there are no uncertainties regarding customer acceptance. Changes in the allocation of the sales price between delivered and undelivered elements can impact the timing of revenue recognized but does not change the total revenue recognized on any agreement.

Professional Services Revenue

Fees collected for professional services such as telecom installation services are recognized as revenue, net of expected customer refunds, over the period during which the services are performed, based upon the value for such services.

Cloud Services Hosting and Web Hosting Revenue

Fees collected for cloud telecommunications and website hosting services are recognized as revenue ratably as services are provided. Customers are billed for these services on a monthly or annual basis at the customer’s option. We recognize revenue ratably over the applicable service period. When we provide a free trial period, we do not begin to recognize recurring revenue until the trial period has ended and the customer has been billed for the services.

Equipment Sales and Financing Revenue

Revenue generated from the sale of telecommunications equipment is recognized when the devices are installed and cloud telecommunications services begin.

Fees generated from renting our cloud telecommunication equipment (IP or cloud telephone desktop devices) through leasing contracts are recognized as revenue based on whether the lease qualifies as an operating lease or sales-type lease. The two primary accounting provisions which we use to classify transactions as sales-type or operating leases are: 1) lease term to determine if it is equal to or greater than 75% of the economic life of the equipment and 2) the present value of the minimum lease payments to determine if they are equal to or greater than 90% of the fair market value of the equipment at the inception of the lease. The economic life of most of our products is estimated to be three years, since this represents the most frequent contractual lease term for our products, and there is no residual value for used equipment. Residual values, if any, are established at the lease inception using estimates of fair value at the end of the lease term. The vast majority of our leases that qualify as sales-type leases are non-cancelable and include cancellation penalties approximately equal to the full value of the lease receivables. Leases that do not meet the criteria for sales-type lease accounting are accounted for as operating leases. Revenue from sales-type leases is recognized upon installation and the interest portion is deferred and recognized as earned. Revenue from operating leases in recognized ratably over the applicable service period.

Commission Revenue

We have affiliate agreements with third-party entities that are resellers of satellite television services and Internet service providers. We receive commissions when the services are bundled with our offerings and we recognize commission revenue when received.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of Service Revenue – Cost of service includes Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services cost of service revenue. Cloud Telecommunications cost of service revenue primarily consists of fees we pay to third-party telecommunications and business Internet providers, costs of other third party services we resell, personnel and travel expenses related to system implementation, and customer service. Web Services cost of service revenue consists primarily of customer service costs and outsourcing fees related to fulfillment of our professional web management services.

Cost of Product Revenue – Cost of product revenue primarily consists of the costs associated with the purchase of desktop devices and other third party equipment we purchase for resale.

Prepaid Sales Commissions

For arrangements where we recognize revenue over the relevant contract period, we defer related commission payments to our direct sales force and amortize these amounts over the same period that the related revenues are recognized. This is done to match commissions with the related revenues. Commission payments are nonrefundable unless amounts due from a customer are determined to be uncollectible or if the customer subsequently changes or terminates the level of service, in which case commissions which were paid are recoverable by us.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs related to internally developed software are expensed as research and development expense until technological feasibility has been achieved, after which the costs are capitalized.

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of our financial assets and liabilities was determined based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following: 

Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2 — Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including:

·      Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

·      Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets;

·      Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and

·      Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment.  These values are generally

Notes Payable

We record notes payable net of any discounts or premiums. Discounts and premiums are amortized as interest expense or income over the life of the note in such a way as to result in a constant rate of interest when applied to the amount outstanding at the beginning of any given period.

Income Taxes

We recognize a liability or asset for the deferred tax consequences of all temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Accruals for uncertain tax positions are provided for in accordance with accounting guidance. Accordingly, we may recognize the tax benefits from an uncertain tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Accounting guidance is also provided on de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and income tax disclosures. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns. Variations in the actual outcome of these future tax consequences could materially impact our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we evaluate all significant available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the existence of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. We have placed a full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets.

Interest and penalties associated with income taxes are classified as income tax expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

For equity-classified awards, compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period based on the computed fair value on the grant date of the award.  Equity classified awards include the issuance of stock options.

Comprehensive Loss

There were no other components of comprehensive loss other than net loss for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Operating Segments

Accounting guidance establishes standards for the way public business enterprises are to report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires enterprises to report selected information about operating segments in financial reports issued to stockholders. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services. Research and development expenses are allocated to Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services segments based on the level of effort, measured primarily by wages and benefits attributed to our engineering department.  Indirect sales and marketing expenses are allocated to the Cloud Telecommunications and Web Services segments based on level of effort, measured by month-to-date contract bookings.  General and administrativeexpenses are allocated to both segments based on revenue recognized for each segment. Accounting guidance also establishes standards for related disclosure about products and services, geographic areas and major customers. We generate over 90% of our total revenue from customers within North America (United States and Canada) and less than 10% of our total revenues from customers in other parts of the world.

Significant Customers

No customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. One telecommunications services customer accounted for 11% and 11% of total trade accounts receivable as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), improvement to employee share-based payment accounting. The new standard contains several amendments that will simplify the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, statutory tax withholding requirements, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The changes in the new standard eliminate the accounting for excess tax benefits to be recognized in additional paid-in capital and tax deficiencies recognized either in the income tax provision or in additional paid-in capital. The Company elected early adoption of ASU 2016-09 in 2016. Due to the Company’s valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets, no income tax benefit will be recognized in 2016 as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09. There will be no change to retained earnings with respect to excess tax benefits, as this is not applicable to the Company. The treatment of forfeitures has not changed as we are electing to continue our current process of estimating the number of forfeitures. As such, this has no cumulative effect on retained earnings. With the early adoption of 2016-09, we have elected to present the cash flow statement on a prospective transition method and no prior periods have been adjusted.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which will require entities to present deferred tax assets (DTAs) and deferred tax liabilities (DTLs) as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. The ASU simplifies the current guidance, which requires entities to separately present DTAs and DTLs as current and noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 (and interim periods within those annual periods) and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2015-17 may be either applied prospectively to all deferred tax assets and liabilities or retrospectively to all periods presented. We have elected to early adopt ASU 2015-17 prospectively in the fourth quarter of 2016. As a result, we have presented all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016, but have not reclassified current deferred tax assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015. There was no impact on our results of operations as a result of the adoption of ASU 2015-17.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations, which requires that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period for a business combination in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. Prior to the issuance of the standard, entities were required to retrospectively apply adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory, which will require an entity to measure in scope inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method. The amendments do not apply to inventory that is measured using last-in, first-out (LIFO) or the retail inventory method. The amendments apply to all other inventory, which includes inventory that is measured using first-in, first-out (FIFO) or average cost. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software, which provides guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance will not change U.S. GAAP for a customer's accounting for service contracts. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software, which provides guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance will not change U.S. GAAP for a customer's accounting for service contracts. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern, which requires management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the ASU (1) provides a definition of the term substantial doubt, (2) requires an evaluation every reporting period including interim periods, (3) provides principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans, (4) requires certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, (5) requires an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated, and (6) requires an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which requires that a performance target that affects vesting and could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. A reporting entity should apply existing guidance in ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, as it relates to such awards. ASU 2014-12 is effective for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2017 with early adoption permitted using either of two methods: (i) prospective to all awards granted or modified after the effective date; or (ii) retrospective to all awards with performance targets that are outstanding as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements and to all new or modified awards thereafter, with the cumulative effect of applying ASU 2014-12 as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2014-12 effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of this ASU did not impact our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, as there are no performance targets associated with outstanding awards.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, the amendments provide guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. Effective for all entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this new ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In addition, income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit should be considered when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The amendments also eliminate the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. This guidance is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2017-04 should be adopted on a prospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the adoption and potential impact of this new ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business, that provides guidance to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities (set) is a business. Under the new guidance, an entity first determines whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this threshold is met, the set is not a business. If it’s not met, the entity then evaluates whether the set meets the requirement that a business include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. Under today’s guidance, it doesn’t matter whether all the value relates primarily to one asset. Under ASU 2017-01, a set is not a business when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. The ASU includes guidance on which types of assets can and cannot be combined into a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets for the purpose of applying the threshold. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15 2017, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted, including for interim or annual periods in which the financial statements have not been issued or made available for issuance.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. As a result, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendments do not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The adoption of this new ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which amends ASC 230, to clarify guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. The FASB issued ASU 2016-15 with the intent of reducing diversity in practice with respect to eight types of cash flows. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the adoption and potential impact of this new ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, makes certain targeted amendments to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers:

●  Assessing collectibility. The amendments add a “substantially all” threshold to the collectibility criterion, and also clarify that the objective of the collectibility assessment is to determine whether the contract is valid and represents a substantive transaction based on whether a customer has the ability and intent to pay for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer, as opposed to all of the goods or services promised in the contract. The ASU also clarifies how an entity may recognize as revenue consideration received in circumstances where a contract does not meet the criteria required at inception to apply the recognition guidance within the revenue standard.

●  Presenting sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers. The amendments provide an accounting policy election whereby an entity may exclude from the measurement of transaction price all taxes assessed by a taxing authority related to the specific transaction and that are collected from the customer. Such amounts would be presented “net” under this option.

●  Noncash consideration. The amendments clarify that the fair value of noncash consideration is measured at contract inception, and specify how to account for subsequent changes in the fair value of noncash consideration.

●  Contract modifications at transition. The amendments provide a new practical expedient whereby an entity electing either the full or modified retrospective method of transition is permitted to reflect the aggregate effect of all prior period modifications (using hindsight) when identifying satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations, determining the transaction price, and allocating the transaction price to satisfied and unsatisfied obligations.

●  Completed contracts at transition. The amendments include certain practical expedients in transition related to completed contracts. The amendments also clarify the definition of a completed contract.

●  Disclosing the accounting change in the period of adoption. ASU 2016-12 provides an exception to the requirement in Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, to disclose the effect on the current period of retrospectively adopting a new accounting standard. As such, the disclosure requirement does not apply to adoption of the new revenue standard with respect to the year of adoption.

The effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2016-12 are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606). The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, more clearly articulates the guidance for assessing whether promises are separately identifiable in the overall context of the contract, which is one of two criteria for determining whether promises are distinct. The ASU also clarifies the factors an entity should consider when assessing whether two or more promises are separately identifiable, and provides additional examples within the implementation guidance for assessing these factors. The ASU further clarifies that an entity is not required to identify promised goods or services that are immaterial in the context of the contract, although customer options to purchase additional goods or services that represent a material right should not be designated as immaterial in the context of the contract. The ASU also provides an accounting policy election whereby an entity may account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment activity rather than as an additional promised service in certain circumstances.

The ASU also clarifies whether a license of intellectual property (IP) represents a right to use the IP (which is satisfied at a point in time) or a right to access the IP (which is satisfied over time) by categorizing the underlying IP as either functional or symbolic. A promise to grant a license that is not a separate performance obligation must be considered in the context above (i.e., functional or symbolic), in order to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over time, and how to best measure progress toward completion if recognized over time. Regardless of a license’s nature (i.e., functional or symbolic), an entity may not recognize revenue from a license of IP before 1) it provides or otherwise makes available a copy of the IP to the customer, and 2) the period during which the customer is able to use and benefit from the license has begun (i.e., the beginning of the license period).Additionally, the ASU clarifies that 1) an entity should not split a sales-based or usage-based royalty into a portion subject to the guidance on sales-based and usage-based royalties and a portion that is not subject to that guidance; and 2) the guidance on sales-based and usage-based royalties applies whenever the predominant item to which the royalty relates is a license of IP. Lastly, the amendments distinguish contractual provisions requiring the transfer of additional rights to use or access IP that the customer does not already control from provisions that are attributes of a license (e.g., restrictions of time, geography, or use). License attributes define the scope of the rights conveyed to the customer; they do not determine when the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2016-10 are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606). The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). The ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, which provides guidance for revenue recognition. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, companies will need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under today’s guidance. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year. Accordingly, public business entities should apply the guidance in ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods (including interim periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2017. We will use the modified retrospective approach upon adoption of this guidance effective January 1, 2018. We have utilized a comprehensive approach to assess the impact of the guidance on our contract portfolio. We have reviewed our current accounting policies and practices to identify potential differences resulting from the application of the new requirements to our revenue contracts, including evaluation of performance obligations in the contract, allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation and accounting treatment of costs to obtain and fulfill contracts. In addition, we will update certain disclosures, as applicable, included in our financial statements to meet the requirements of the new guidance.

We are substantially complete with our review of contracts with our customers. We expect to record a cumulative effect adjustment to accumulated deficit upon adoption of the new revenue standard as of January 1, 2018. The cumulative adjustment is related to incremental upfront contract acquisition costs (such as sales commissions) for customer contracts. The new standard requires these incremental costs to be capitalized and amortized over the estimated life of the asset. Currently, our indirect sales commissions for the sales leadership team are expensed as incurred. We anticipate the resulting contract acquisition asset will be amortized over the average contract life for the group of contracts that resulted in the achievement of the bonuses and commissions. We will evaluate the contract assets for impairment on a periodic basis.

For the majority of our contracts, we expect no change from ASU 2014-09. We have some contracts where we recognize revenue from the reselling of third party products and service. We are currently evaluating these contracts to determine if we meet the requirements for reporting revenue on a gross basis. We expect there will be no impact on the accumulated deficit as a result of any changes to our current policy. The adjustments will not have a material impact on revenue or cost of revenue.

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1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Property and Equipment

	December 31,
	2017			2016
Software	$	681		$	681
Computers and office equipment		1,685			1,685
Leasehold improvements		27			27
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(2,385	)		(2,375	)
Total property and equipment, net	$	8		$	18

Useful Life

Property and Equipment

Computer and office equipment	2 to 5 years
Computer software	3 years
Furniture and fixtures	4 years
Leasehold improvements	2 to 5 years

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2. Net Loss Per Common Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Net loss (in thousands)	$	(1,020	)	$	(2,792	)
Weighted-average share reconciliation:
Weighted-average shares outstanding		13,938,342			13,358,311
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding		13,938,342			13,358,311
Diluted shares outstanding		13,938,342			13,358,311
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.21	)
Diluted	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.21	)

Common stock not included in the computation of diluted loss per share

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2016
Shares of common stock issuable under equity incentive plans outstanding		3,648,939		3,932,114
Common stock equivalent shares excluded from diluted net loss per share		3,648,939		3,932,114

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3. Trade Receivables, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Trade Receivables Net Tables

Trade Receivables, net

	December 31,
	2017			2016
Trade receivables	$	389		$	366
Conforming EPTAs		41			66
Non-Conforming EPTAs:
1 - 30 days		4			4
31 - 60 days		-			-
61 - 90 days		1			-
Gross trade receivables		435			436
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(29	)		(47	)
Trade receivables, net	$	406		$	389
Current trade receivables, net	$	375		$	346
Long-term trade receivables, net		31			43
Trade receivables, net	$	406		$	389

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4. Equipment Financing Receivables (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Equipment Financing Receivables Tables

Equipment Financing Receivables

	December 31,
	2017			2016
Gross financing receivables	$	264		$	573
Less unearned income		(90	)		(276	)
Financing receivables, net		174			297
Less: Current portion of finance receivables, net		(116	)		(121	)
Finance receivables due after one year	$	58		$	176

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5. Prepaid Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Prepaid Expenses Tables

Prepaid expenses

	December 31,
	2017		2016
Prepaid rent	$	-	$	54
Prepaid commissions		452		503
Prepaid software support		8		42
Prepaid inventory deposits		117		156
Other prepaid expenses		126		182
Total prepaid assets	$	703	$	937

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6. Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Property And Equipment Tables

Property and equipment

	December 31,
	2017			2016
Software	$	681		$	681
Computers and office equipment		1,685			1,685
Leasehold improvements		27			27
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(2,385	)		(2,375	)
Total property and equipment, net	$	8		$	18

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7. Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Net carrying amount of intangible

	December 31,
	2017			2016
Customer relationships	$	941		$	941
Developed technology		198			198
Less accumulated amortization:
Customer relationships		(702	)		(607	)
Developed technology		( 198	)		(197	)
Total	$	239		$	335

Estimated future amortization expense

Year ending December 31,
2018	$	(72	)
2019		(53	)
2020		(39	)
2021		(29	)
2022		(21	)
Thereafter		(25	)
Total	$	(239	)

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8. Goodwill (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Goodwill Tables

Goodwill for impairment on an annual basis

	Acquisition Related Goodwill
Balance at January 1, 2016	$	272
Increase (decrease)		-
Balance at December 31, 2016		272
Increase (decrease)		-
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	272

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9. Accrued Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Accrued Expenses Tables Abstract

Accrued expenses

	December 31,
	2017		2016
Accrued wages and benefits	$	303	$	369
Accrued accounts payable		242		230
Accrued sales and telecommunications taxes		343		310
Other		73		88
Total accrued expenses	$	961	$	997

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10. Notes Payable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of note payable

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Related party note payable	$	4		$	1,000
Other notes payable		75			124
		79			1,124
Less: notes payable discount		-			(92	)
Net carrying value of notes payable		79			1,032
Less: current portion of notes payable		(69	)		(66	)
Long-term notes payable	$	10		$	966

Future principal payments

Year ending December 31,
2018	$	69
2019		6
2020		4
Total	$	79

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11. Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Fair Value Measurements Tables

Financial instruments

	December 31, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Trade receivables, net	$	406	$	406	$	389	$	389
Equipment financing receivables		174		174		297		297
Certificate of deposit		-		-		252		252
Liabilities:
Notes payable including discount from warrant grant		79		79		1,032		1,133

Assets for which fair value is disclosed

			Fair value measurement at reporting date
Description	As of December 31, 2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Certificate of deposit	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Description	As of December 31, 2016		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Certificate of deposit	$	252	$	-	$	252	$	-

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12. Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Equity [Abstract]

Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance

Stock-based compensation plans:
Outstanding option awards	3,648,939
Available for future grants	1,975,470
	5,624,409

Fair value of the warrants was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model

Expected volatility	62	%
Expected life (in years)	4.27
Risk-free interest rate	1.80	%
Expected dividend yield	0.00	%

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13. Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Stock-based Compensation Tables

Fair value of stock options granted

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Weighted-average fair value of options granted	$	0.78		$	0.61
Expected volatility		60	%		63	%
Expected life (in years)		4.30			4.30
Risk-free interest rate		1.98	%		1.52	%
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%

Stock option activity

	Number of			Weighted-Average		Weighted-Average Remaining	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	Shares	Shares		Exercise Price		Contract Life	(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2016		4,380,698		$	2.56	6.2 years	$	-
Granted		78,500			1.21
Exercised		(8,310	)		1.11
Cancelled/forfeited		(518,774	)		2.20
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		3,932,114			2.59	5.2 years		400
Granted		527,500			1.59
Exercised		(607,000	)		1.92
Cancelled/forfeited		(203,675	)		1.61
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		3,648,939			2.61	4.3 years		1,346
Shares vested and expected to vest		3,542,803			2.61	4.3 years		1,275
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017		3,185,420			2.78	4.1 years		1,037
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016		3,181,892			2.84	5.1 years		268

RSUs activity

	Number of			Weighted-Average
	Units	Units		Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2016		-		$	-
Granted		-			-
Vested		-			-
Cancelled/forfeited		-			-
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		-			-
Granted		27,000			1.60
Vested		(27,000	)		1.60
Cancelled/forfeited		-			-
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		-			-

Statement of operations effect of stock-based compensation

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2016
Share-based compensation expense by type:
Stock options	$	530	$	653
Restricted stock units		43		-
Total cost related to share-based compensation expense	$	573	$	653
Share-based compensation expense by financial statement line item:
Cost of revenue	$	93	$	102
Research and development		85		119
Selling and marketing		74		90
General and administrative		321		342
Total cost related to share-based compensation expense	$	573	$	653

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14. Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Taxes Tables

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2016
Current income tax expense:
Federal	$	-	$	-
State and local		7		12
Current income tax expense	$	7	$	12

Reconciliation of federal statutory income tax rate to our effective income tax rate

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
U.S. federal statutory income tax benefit	$	(345	)	$	(945	)
Increase in income tax benefit resulting from:
State and local income tax expense/(benefit), net of federal effect		990			(879	)
Change in the valuation allowance for net deferred income tax assets		(5,448	)		1,723
Change in the tax rate for net deferred income tax assets		4,539			-
Other, net		271			113
Income tax expense	$	7		$	12

Net deferred income tax assets and liabilities

	December 31,
	2017			2016
Deferred income tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$	41		$	99
Deferred revenue		256			324
Net operating loss carry-forwards		6,449			9,643
Foreign tax credits		-			892
Stock-based compensation		2,242			3,402
Property and equipment		4			13
Other		554			788
Subtotal		9,546			15,161
Valuation allowance		(9,362	)		(14,810	)
Total deferred income tax assets		184			351
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property and equipment		-			-
Prepaid expenses and other		(184	)		(351	)
Total deferred income tax liabilities		(184	)		(351	)
Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities)	$	-		$	-

Unrecognized tax benefits

Balance as of January 1, 2016	$	891
Reductions due to lapsed statute of limitations		-
Balance as of December 31, 2016		891
Reductions due to lapsed statute of limitations		(891	)
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	-

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15. Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Future aggregate minimum lease obligations under operating leases

Year ending December 31,
2018		315
2019		300
2020		50
Total	$	665

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17. Segments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Notes to Financial Statements

Information on reportable segments and reconciliation to condensed consolidated net (loss) income

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Revenue:
Cloud telecommunications	$	9,320		$	7,757
Web services		1,057			1,362
Consolidated revenue		10,377			9,119
Income/(loss) from operations:
Cloud telecommunications		(1,331	)		(3,174	)
Web services		506			411
Total operating loss		(825	)		(2,763	)
Other income/(expense), net:
Cloud telecommunications		(183	)		(36	)
Web services		(5	)		19
Total other expense, net		(188	)		(17	)
Income/(loss) before income tax provision
Cloud telecommunications		(1,514	)		(3,210	)
Web services		501			430
Loss before income tax provision	$	(1,013	)	$	(2,780	)

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18. Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Quarterly Financial Information Tables

Quarterly Financial Information

	For the three months ended
	March 31,			June 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Consolidated	2017			2017			2017			2017
Service revenue	$	2,065		$	2,182		$	2,305		$	2,478
Product revenue		279			303			385			380
Total revenue		2,344			2,485			2,690			2,858
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue		694			703			709			802
Cost of product revenue		108			124			152			165
Selling and marketing		690			709			734			791
General and administrative		1,171			1,009			955			936
Research and development		190			185			194			181
Total operating expenses		2,853			2,730			2,744			2,875
Loss from operations		(509	)		(245	)		(54	)		(17	)
Total other income/(expense), net		(30	)		(32	)		(127	)		1
Loss before income taxes		(539	)		(277	)		(181	)		(16	)
Income tax benefit/(provision)		(4	)		(4	)		(8	)		9
Net loss	$	(543	)	$	(281	)	$	(189	)	$	(7	)
Basic net loss per common share (1)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.00	)
Diluted net loss per common share (1)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.00	)

	For the three months ended
	March 31,			June 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Consolidated	2016			2016			2016			2016
Service revenue	$	1,823		$	1,837		$	1,946		$	2,038
Product revenue		351			430			387			307
Total revenue		2,174			2,267			2,333			2,345
Operating expenses:
Cost of service revenue		762			741			776			714
Cost of product revenue		151			176			156			149
Selling and marketing		610			636			681			604
General and administrative		1,291			1,274			1,140			1,195
Research and development		229			216			189			192
Total operating expenses		3,043			3,043			2,942			2,854
Loss from operations		(869	)		(776	)		(609	)		(509	)
Total other income/(expense), net		4			2			(8	)		(15	)
Loss before income taxes		(865	)		(774	)		(617	)		(524	)
Income tax provision		(3	)		(4	)		(4	)		(1	)
Net loss	$	(868	)	$	(778	)	$	(621	)	$	(525	)
Basic net loss per common share (1)	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.04	)
Diluted net loss per common share (1)	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.04	)

———————

 (1)  Net income (loss) per common share is computed independently for each of the quarters presented. Therefore, the sums of quarterly net income (loss) per common share amounts do not necessarily equal the total for the twelve month periods presented.

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1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Computer software
Depreciable lives	3 years
Computer software | Minimum
Depreciable lives	2 years
Computer software | Maximum [Member]
Depreciable lives	5 years
Furniture and fixtures
Depreciable lives	4 years
Leasehold improvements | Minimum
Depreciable lives	2 years
Leasehold improvements | Maximum [Member]
Depreciable lives	5 years

XML

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Description Of Business And Significant Accounting Policies Details Narrative
Restricted cash	$ 100	$ 100
Cash and cash equivalents in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits	1,038	413
Restricted cash federally insured limits	100	100
Interest Income	10	15
Depreciation and amortization expense included in general and administrative expenses	$ 10	$ 15

XML

2. Net Loss Per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Net Loss Per Common Share Details
Net loss (in thousands)	$ (7)	$ (189)	$ (281)	$ (543)	$ (525)	$ (621)	$ (778)	$ (868)	$ (1,020)	$ (2,792)
Weighted-average share reconciliation:
Weighted-average shares outstanding									13,938,342	13,358,311
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding									13,938,342	13,358,311
Diluted shares outstanding									13,938,342	13,358,311
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$ (0.00)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.02)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.05)	$ (0.06)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.21)
Diluted	$ (0.00)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.02)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.05)	$ (0.06)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.21)

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2. Net Loss Per Common Share (Details 1) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Securities excluded from earnings	3,648,939	3,932,114
Equity incentive plans
Securities excluded from earnings	3,648,939	3,932,114

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3. Trade Receivables, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]
Trade receivables	$ 389	$ 366
Conforming EPTAs	41	66
Gross trade receivables	435	436
Less allowance for doubtful accounts	(29)	(47)
Trade receivables, net	406	389
Current trade receivables, net	375	346
Long-term trade receivables, net	31	43
Trade receivables, net	406	389
Non-Conforming EPTAs [Member]
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]
1 - 30 days	4	4
31 - 60 days	0	0
61 - 90 days	$ 1	$ 0

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3. Trade Receivables, net (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Trade Receivables Net Details Narrative
Write off	$ 13	$ 37

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4. Equipment Financing Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Equipment Financing Receivables Details
Gross financing receivables	$ 264	$ 573
Less unearned income	(90)	(276)
Financing receivables, net	174	297
Less: Current portion of finance receivables, net	(116)	(121)
Finance receivables due after one year	$ 58	$ 176

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5. Prepaid Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Prepaid Expenses Details
Prepaid rent	$ 0	$ 54
Prepaid commissions	452	503
Prepaid software support	8	42
Prepaid inventory deposits	117	156
Other prepaid expenses	126	182
Total prepaid assets	$ 703	$ 937

XML

6. Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property And Equipment Details
Software	$ 681	$ 681
Computers and office equipment	1,685	1,685
Leasehold improvements	27	27
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,385)	(2,375)
Total property and equipment, net	$ 8	$ 18

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7. Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Carrying amount of intangible, Net	$ 239	$ 335
Customer Relationships [Member]
Carrying amount of intangible, Gross	941	941
Less accumulated amortization	(702)	(607)
Developed technology
Carrying amount of intangible, Gross	198	198
Less accumulated amortization	$ (198)	$ (197)

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7. Intangible Assets (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2018	$ (72)
2019	(53)
2020	(39)
2021	(29)
2022	(21)
Thereafter	(25)
Total	$ (239)	$ (335)

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8. Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Goodwill Tables
Balance Beginning	$ 272	$ 272
Increase (decrease)	0	0
Balance Ending	$ 272	$ 272

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9. Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Dilutive restricticed shares held in escrow
Accrued salaries and benefits	$ 303	$ 369
Accrued accounts payable	242	230
Accrued sales and telecommunications taxes	343	310
Other	73	88
Total accrued expenses	$ 961	$ 997

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10. Notes Payable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Notes Payable Details
Related party note payable	$ 4	$ 1,000
Other notes payable	75	124
Total	79	1,124
Less: notes payable discount	0	(92)
Net carrying value of notes payable	79	1,032
Less: current portion of long-term notes payable	(69)	(66)
Long-term notes payable	$ 10	$ 966

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10. Notes Payable (Details 1) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Notes Payable Details 1
2018	$ 69
2019	6
2020	4
Total	$ 79

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11. Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Assets:
Certificate of deposit	$ 0	$ 252
Carrying Value [Member]
Assets:
Trade receivables, net	406	389
Equipment financing receivables	174	297
Certificate of deposit	0	252
Liabilities:
Related party note payable including discount from warrant grant	79	1,032
Estimated Fair Value [Member]
Assets:
Trade receivables, net	406	389
Equipment financing receivables	174	297
Certificate of deposit	0	252
Liabilities:
Related party note payable including discount from warrant grant	$ 79	$ 1,133

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11. Fair Value Measurements (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Assets:
Certificate of deposit	$ 0	$ 252
Level 1 [Member]
Assets:
Certificate of deposit	0	0
Level 2 [Member]
Assets:
Certificate of deposit	0	252
Level 3 [Member]
Assets:
Certificate of deposit	$ 0	$ 0

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12. Equity (Details) - shares	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Stock-based compensation plans:
Outstanding option awards	3,648,939	3,932,114	4,380,698
Available for future grants	1,975,470
Total	5,624,409

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12. Equity (Details 1) - Warrants	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Expected volatility	62.00%
Expected life (in years)	4 years 3 months 7 days
Risk-free interest rate	1.80%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%

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13. Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Stock-based Compensation Details
Weighted-average fair value of options and warrants granted	$ 0.78	$ 0.61
Expected volatility	60.00%	63.00%
Expected life (in years)	4 years 3 months 18 days	4 years 3 months 18 days
Risk-free interest rate	1.98%	1.52%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%

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13. Stock-Based Compensation (Details 1) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Number of Shares
Outstanding	3,932,114	4,380,698
Granted	527,500	78,500
Exercised	(607,000)	(8,310)
Cancelled/forfeited	(203,675)	(518,774)
Outstanding	3,648,939	3,932,114
Shares vested and expected to vest	3,542,803	3,759,703
Exercisable	3,185,420	3,181,892
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Outstanding	$ 2.59	$ 2.56
Granted	1.59	1.21
Exercised	1.92	1.11
Cancelled/forfeited	1.61	2.20
Outstanding	2.61	2.59
Shares vested and expected to vest	2.61	2.59
Exercisable	$ 2.78	$ 2.84
Weighted-Average Remaining Contract Life
Outstanding	5 years 2 months 12 days	6 years 2 months 12 days
Outstanding	4 years 3 months 18 days	5 years 2 months 12 days
Shares vested and expected to vest	4 years 3 months 18 days	5 years 2 months 12 days
Exercisable	4 years 1 month 6 days	5 years 1 month 6 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding	$ 1,346	$ 400
Shares vested and expected to vest	1,275	0
Exercisable	$ 1,037	$ 268

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13. Stock-Based Compensation (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Total cost related to share-based compensation expense	$ 573	$ 653
Share-based compensation expense by type:
Stock options	530	653
Restricted stock units	43
Share-based compensation	573	653
Cost of revenue [Member]
Total cost related to share-based compensation expense	93	102
Research and development [Member]
Total cost related to share-based compensation expense	85	119
Selling and marketing [Member]
Total cost related to share-based compensation expense	74	90
General and administrative [Member]
Total cost related to share-based compensation expense	$ 321	$ 342

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13. Stock-Based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Stock-based Compensation Details Narrative
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$ 59	$ 2
Total future compensation expense related to non-vested options not yet recognized	$ 305
Total future compensation expense related to non-vested options not yet recognized, period	1 year 10 months 24 days

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14. Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current income tax expense/(benefit):
Federal									$ 0	$ 0
State and local									4	12
Current income tax expense/(benefit)	$ 9	$ (8)	$ (4)	$ (4)	$ (1)	$ (4)	$ (4)	$ (3)	$ 7	$ 12

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14. Income Taxes (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Taxes Details 3
U.S. federal statutory income tax benefit	$ (345)	$ (945)
Increase in income tax benefit resulting from:
State and local income tax benefit, net of federal effect	990	(879)
Change in the valuation allowance for net deferred income tax assets	(5,448)	1,723
Change in the tax rate for net deferred income tax assets	4,537	0
Other, net	271	113
Income tax expense/(benefit)	$ 7	$ 12

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14. Income Taxes (Details 2) - NonCurrent [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Deferred income tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$ 41	$ 99
Deferred revenue	256	324
Net operating loss carry-forwards	6,449	9,643
Foreign tax credits	0	892
Stock-based compensation	2,242	3,402
Property and equipment	4	13
Other	554	788
Subtotal	9,546	15,161
Valuation allowance	(9,362)	(14,810)
Total deferred income tax assets	184	351
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	0	0
Prepaid expenses and other	(184)	(351)
Total deferred income tax liabilities	(184)	(351)
Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities)	$ 0	$ 0

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14. Income Taxes (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Taxes Details 3
Beginning Balance	$ 891	$ 891
Reductions due to lapsed statute of limitations	(891)	0
Ending Balance	$ 0	$ 891

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14. Income Taxes (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	$ 9,362	$ 14,810
Net change in our valuation allowance	5,448	$ 1,723
Research and development
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 24,401
Operating loss carryforwards, exiration date	2019 through 2020
Foreign tax credit carry-forwards
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 129
Operating loss carryforwards, exiration date	expire in 2017
U.S. federal income tax reporting
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 710
Operating loss carryforwards, exiration date	2020 through 2036

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15. Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Commitments And Contingencies Details
2018	$ 315
2019	300
2020	50
Total	$ 665

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15. Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Liabilities relating to legal proceedings	$ 0	$ 0
Amortization of prepaid rent	$ 54	$ 322

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16. Employee Benefit Plan (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Employee Benefit Plan Details Narrative
Employer contributions to employee benefit plan	$ 111	$ 119

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17. Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Segment Information
Revenue	$ 2,858	$ 2,690	$ 2,485	$ 2,344	$ 2,345	$ 2,333	$ 2,267	$ 2,174	$ 10,377	$ 9,119
Gain/(Loss) from Operations	$ (17)	$ (54)	$ (245)	$ (509)	$ (509)	$ (609)	$ (776)	$ (869)	(825)	(2,763)
Other income/(expense), net									(188)	(17)
Gain/(Loss) before income tax provision									(1,013)	(2,780)
Hosted Telecommunications Services [Member]
Segment Information
Revenue									9,320	7,757
Gain/(Loss) from Operations									(1,331)	(3,174)
Other income/(expense), net									(183)	(36)
Gain/(Loss) before income tax provision									(1,514)	(3,210)
Web Services [Member]
Segment Information
Revenue									1,057	1,362
Gain/(Loss) from Operations									506	411
Other income/(expense), net									(5)	19
Gain/(Loss) before income tax provision									$ 501	$ 430

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18. Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Quarterly Financial Information Details
Service revenue	$ 2,478	$ 2,305	$ 2,182	$ 2,065	$ 2,038	$ 1,946	$ 1,837	$ 1,823	$ 9,030	$ 7,644
Product revenue	380	385	303	279	307	387	430	351	1,347	1,475
Revenue	2,858	2,690	2,485	2,344	2,345	2,333	2,267	2,174	10,377	9,119
Cost of service revenue	802	709	703	694	714	776	741	762	2,908	2,993
Cost of product revenue	165	152	124	108	149	156	176	151	549	632
Selling and marketing	791	734	709	690	604	681	636	610	2,924	2,531
General and administrative	936	955	1,009	1,171	1,195	1,140	1,274	1,291	4,071	4,900
Research and development	181	194	185	190	192	189	216	229	750	826
Total operating expenses	2,875	2,744	2,730	2,853	2,854	2,942	3,043	3,043	11,202	11,882
Loss from operations	(17)	(54)	(245)	(509)	(509)	(609)	(776)	(869)	(825)	(2,763)
Total other income/(expense), net	1	(127)	(32)	(30)	(15)	(8)	2	4	(188)	(17)
Loss before income taxes	(16)	(181)	(277)	(539)	(524)	(617)	(774)	(865)	(1,013)	(2,780)
Income tax provision	9	(8)	(4)	(4)	(1)	(4)	(4)	(3)	7	12
Net loss	$ (7)	$ (189)	$ (281)	$ (543)	$ (525)	$ (621)	$ (778)	$ (868)	$ (1,020)	$ (2,792)
Basic net loss per common share	$ (0.00)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.02)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.05)	$ (0.06)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.21)
Diluted net loss per common share	$ (0.00)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.02)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.05)	$ (0.06)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.21)

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18. Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) (Details 1) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable
Balance at Beginning of Year	$ 59
Additions	0
Deductions	(12)
Balance at End of Year	47
Deferred income tax asset valuation allowance
Balance at Beginning of Year	13,087
Additions	1,723
Deductions	0
Balance at End of Year	$ 14,810