FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

LCNB measures certain assets at fair value using various valuation techniques and assumptions, depending on the nature of the asset. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value are assigned to one of three broad levels:

•Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the reporting date.

•Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices (such as interest rates or yield curves) that are observable for the asset or liability, and inputs that are derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability.

Equity Securities with a Readily Determinable Fair Value

Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value are reported at fair value with changes in fair value reported in other operating income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Fair values for equity securities are determined based on market quotations (level 1). LCNB has invested in two mutual funds that are traded in active markets and their fair values are based on market quotations (level 1). Investments in another two mutual funds are measured at fair value using net asset values ("NAV") and are considered level 1 because the NAVs are determined and published and are the basis for current transactions.

Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale

The majority of LCNB's financial debt securities are classified as available-for-sale. The securities are reported at fair value with unrealized holding gains and losses reported net of income taxes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). LCNB utilizes a pricing service for determining the fair values of its debt securities. Methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value are as follows:

•Fair value for U.S. Treasury notes are determined based on market quotations (level 1).

•Fair values for the other debt securities are calculated using the discounted cash flow method for each security. The discount rates for these cash flows are estimated by the pricing service using rates observed in the market (level 2). Cash flow streams are dependent on estimated prepayment speeds and the overall structure of the securities given existing market conditions.

Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Assets that may be recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include impaired loans, other real estate owned, and other repossessed assets.

A loan is considered impaired when management believes it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans are carried at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan's existing rate or the fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, if this value is less than the loan balance. These inputs are considered to be level 3.

Other real estate owned is adjusted to fair value, less costs to sell, upon transfer of the loan to foreclosed assets, usually based on an appraisal of the property. Subsequently, foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Other repossessed assets are valued at estimated sales prices, less costs to sell. The inputs for other real estate owned and other repossessed assets are considered to be level 3.

The following table summarizes the valuation of LCNB’s assets recorded at fair value by input levels as of December 31 (in thousands):


			Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
	Fair Value Measurements		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
2022
Recurring fair value measurements:
Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value:

Equity securities	$	1,039	1,039	—	—
Mutual funds	41		41	—	—
Mutual funds measured at net asset value	1,193		1,193	—	—

Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury notes	76,447		76,447	—	—
U.S. Agency notes	77,976		—	77,976	—
Corporate bonds	6,685		—	6,685	—
U.S. Agency mortgage-backed securities	79,440		—	79,440	—

Municipal securities:
Non-taxable	8,524		—	8,524	—
Taxable	40,778		—	40,778	—
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	292,123	78,720	213,403	—

Nonrecurring fair value measurements:
Impaired loans	$	923	—	—	923

Total nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	923	—	—	923

2021
Recurring fair value measurement:
Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value:

Equity securities	$	1,167	1,167	—	—
Mutual funds	51		51	—	—
Mutual funds measured at net asset value	1,328		1,328	—	—

Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury notes	74,744		74,744	—	—
U.S. Agency notes	87,246		—	87,246	—
Corporate bonds	5,152		—	5,152	—
U.S. Agency mortgage-backed securities	96,676		—	96,676	—

Municipal securities:
Non-taxable	9,066		—	9,066	—
Taxable	35,293		—	35,293	—
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	310,723	77,290	233,433	—

Nonrecurring fair value measurements:
Impaired loans	$	1,011	—	—	1,011

Total nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	1,011	—	—	1,011

The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):


					Range
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	High		Low		Weighted Average
2022
Impaired loans	$	—	Estimated sales price	Adjustments for comparable properties, discounts to reflect current market conditions	Not applicable
	923		Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	8.13	%	4.63	%	6.04	%


2021
Impaired loans	$	—	Estimated sales price	Adjustments for comparable properties, discounts to reflect current market conditions	Not applicable
	1,011		Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	8.25	%	4.00	%	6.07	%

Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments as of December 31 were as follows (in thousands):


				Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
2022
FINANCIAL ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	22,701	22,701	22,701	—	—
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	19,878		18,885	—	—	18,885


Loans, net	1,395,632		1,219,112	—	—	1,219,112
Accrued interest receivable	7,482		7,482	—	7,482	—

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES:
Deposits	1,604,970		1,604,380	1,448,470	155,910	—

Long-term debt	19,072		18,573	—	18,573	—
Accrued interest payable	311		311	—	311	—

2021
FINANCIAL ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18,136	18,136	18,136	—	—
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	22,972		23,087	—	—	23,087


Loans, net	1,363,939		1,333,840	—	—	1,333,840
Accrued interest receivable	7,999		7,999	—	7,999	—

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES:
Deposits	1,628,819		1,630,158	1,435,487	194,671	—

Long-term debt	10,000		10,292	—	10,292	—
Accrued interest payable	277		277	—	277	—

The fair values of off-balance-sheet financial instruments such as loan commitments and letters of credit are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements. The fair values of such instruments were not material at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Fair values of financial instruments are based on various assumptions, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Therefore, the fair values presented may not represent amounts that could be realized in actual transactions. In addition, because the required disclosures exclude certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments, any aggregation of the fair value amounts presented would not represent the underlying value of the Company.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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