Fair Value Measurements

LCNB measures certain assets at fair value using various valuation techniques and assumptions, depending on the nature of the asset. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value are assigned to one of three broad levels:


•	Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the reporting date.

•

Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices (such as interest rates or yield curves) that are observable for the asset or liability, and inputs that are derived from or corroborated by observable market data.


•	Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability.

The majority of LCNB's financial debt securities are classified as available-for-sale. The securities are reported at fair value with unrealized holding gains and losses reported net of income taxes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

LCNB utilizes a pricing service for determining the fair values of most of its investment securities. Methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value are as follows:


•	Fair value for U.S. Treasury notes are determined based on market quotations (level 1).


•	Fair values for the other debt securities are calculated using the discounted cash flow method for each security. The discount rates for these cash flows are estimated by the pricing service using rates observed in the market (level 2). Cash flow streams are dependent on estimated prepayment speeds and the overall structure of the securities given existing market conditions.


•	Fair value for trust preferred and equity securities are determined based on market quotations (level 1). These securities are not priced by the pricing service.

•

LCNB has investments in five mutual funds. These investments are not priced by the pricing service. Investments in two of the mutual funds are measured at fair value using net asset values ("NAV") per share as a practical expedient and are not required to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. These funds can be redeemed at any time at their current NAVs. Two other mutual funds are traded in active markets and their fair values are based on market quotations (level 1). The investment in the remaining mutual fund, which is not traded in an active market, is considered to have level 2 inputs because an investor can have its interest in the fund redeemed for the balance of its capital account at any quarter-end assuming the fund is given a 60 day notice. The investment in this fund is carried at fair value, which approximates cost.

Assets that may be recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include impaired loans, other real estate owned, and other repossessed assets. A loan is considered impaired when management believes it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans are carried at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan's existing rate or the fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, if this value is less than the loan balance. These inputs are considered to be level 3.

Other real estate owned is adjusted to fair value upon transfer of the loan to foreclosed assets, usually based on an appraisal of the property. Subsequently, foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. These inputs are also considered to be level 3.

The following table summarizes the valuation of LCNB's assets recorded at fair value by input levels as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



				Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
		Fair Value Measurements		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2017
Recurring fair value measurements:
	Investment securities available-for-sale:
	U.S. Treasury notes	$	16,152	$	16,152	$	—	$	—
	U.S. Agency notes	86,946		—		86,946		—
	U.S. Agency mortgage-backed securities	70,721		—		70,721		—
	Municipal securities:
	Non-taxable	110,723		—		110,723		—
	Taxable	22,622		—		22,622		—
	Mutual funds	1,022		22		1,000		—
	Mutual funds measured at net asset value (a)	1,517
	Trust preferred securities	50		50		—		—
	Equity securities	651		651		—		—
	Total recurring fair value measurements	$	310,404	$	16,875	$	292,012	$	—

Nonrecurring fair value measurements:
	Impaired loans	$	3,712	$	—	$	—	$	3,712

December 31, 2016
Recurring fair value measurements:
	Investment securities available-for-sale:
	U.S. Treasury notes	$	28,145	$	28,145	$	—	$	—
	U.S. Agency notes	85,400		—		85,400		—
	U.S. Agency mortgage-backed securities	71,047		—		71,047		—
	Municipal securities:
	Non-taxable	113,015		—		113,015		—
	Taxable	19,845		—		19,845		—
	Mutual fund	1,000		—		1,000		—
	Mutual funds measured at net asset value (a)	1,482
	Trust preferred securities	48		48		—		—
	Equity securities	677		677		—		—
	Total recurring fair value measurements	$	320,659	$	28,870	$	290,307	$	—

Nonrecurring fair value measurements:
	Impaired loans	$	5,340	$	—	$	—	$	5,340

(a)	In accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated condensed balance sheets.

The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in nonrecurring level 3 fair value measurements at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands):



					Range
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	High		Low		Weighted Average
September 30, 2017
Impaired loans	$	3,712	Estimated sales price	Adjustments for comparable properties, discounts to reflect current market conditions	Not applicable
			Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	8.25	%	3.25	%	6.25	%

December 31, 2016
Impaired loans	$	5,340	Estimated sales price	Adjustments for comparable properties, discounts to reflect current market conditions	Not applicable
			Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	8.25	%	4.50	%	5.56	%

Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands):



					Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2017
FINANCIAL ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	21,203	$	21,203	$	21,203	$	—	$	—
Investment securities, held-to-maturity	36,860		36,805		—		—		36,805
Federal Reserve Bank stock	2,732		2,732		2,732		—		—
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	3,638		3,638		3,638		—		—
Loans, net	830,797		808,212		—		—		808,212
Accrued interest receivable	4,639		4,639		—		4,639		—

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES:
Deposits	1,121,523		1,122,920		920,534		202,386		—
Short-term borrowings	30,000		30,000		30,000		—		—
Long-term debt	363		389		—		389		—
Accrued interest payable	303		303		—		303		—

December 31, 2016
FINANCIAL ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18,865	$	18,865	$	18,865	$	—	$	—
Investment securities, held-to-maturity	41,003		40,490		—		—		40,490
Federal Reserve Bank stock	2,732		2,732		2,732		—		—
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	3,638		3,638		3,638		—		—
Loans, net	816,228		799,791		—		—		799,791
Accrued interest receivable	3,559		3,559		—		3,559		—

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES:
Deposits	1,110,905		1,113,187		896,147		217,040		—
Short-term borrowings	42,040		42,040		42,040		—		—
Long-term debt	598		614		—		614		—
Accrued interest payable	307		307		—		307		—

The fair values of off-balance-sheet financial instruments such as loan commitments and letters of credit are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements. The fair values of such instruments were not material at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Fair values of financial instruments are based on various assumptions, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Therefore, the fair values presented may not represent amounts that could be realized in actual transactions. In addition, because the required disclosures exclude certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments, any aggregation of the fair value amounts presented would not represent the underlying value of LCNB. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of certain financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents

The carrying amounts presented are deemed to approximate fair value.

Investment securities, held-to-maturity

Fair values for investment securities, held-to-maturity are based on quoted market prices for similar securities and/or discounted cash flow analysis or other methods.

Federal Home Loan Bank stock and Federal Reserve Bank stock

The carrying value of Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock approximates fair value based on the respective redemptive provisions.

Loans

Fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities, incorporating assumptions of current and projected prepayment speeds. These current rates approximate market rates.

Deposits

The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities, which approximates market rates.

Borrowings

The carrying amounts of federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements, and U.S. Treasury demand note borrowings are deemed to approximate fair value of short-term borrowings. For long-term debt, fair values are estimated based on the discounted value of expected net cash flows using current interest rates.

Accrued interest receivable and Accrued interest payable

Carrying amount approximates fair value.