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Property, Plant, and Equipment
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant, and Equipment [Text Block]
Note 9 – Property, Plant, and Equipment
The following table presents nonregulated and regulated Property, plant, and equipment – net as presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for the years ended:
Estimated
Useful Life  (1)
(Years)		Depreciation
Rates (1)
(%)		December 31,
20222021
   (Millions)
Nonregulated:
Natural gas gathering and processing facilities
5 - 40
$19,163 $18,203 
Construction in progressNot applicable997 331 
Oil and gas propertiesUnits of production874 572 
Other
0 - 45
2,998 2,649 
Regulated:
Natural gas transmission facilities
1.25 - 7.13
19,521 19,201 
Construction in progressNot applicableNot applicable708 475 
Other
5 - 45
0.00 - 33.33
2,796 2,753 
Total property, plant, and equipment, at cost47,057 44,184 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(16,168)(14,926)
Property, plant, and equipment — net$30,889 $29,258 
__________
(1)    Estimated useful life and depreciation rates are presented as of December 31, 2022. Depreciation rates and estimated useful lives for regulated assets are prescribed by the FERC.
Depreciation and amortization expense for Property, plant, and equipment – net was $1.498 billion, $1.496 billion, and $1.393 billion in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
Regulated Property, plant, and equipment – net includes approximately $428 million and $468 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to amounts in excess of the original cost of the regulated facilities within our gas pipeline businesses as a result of our prior acquisitions. This amount is being amortized over 40 years using the straight-line amortization method. Current FERC policy does not permit recovery through rates for amounts in excess of original cost of construction.
Asset Retirement Obligations

Our accrued obligations primarily relate to offshore platforms and pipelines, oil and gas properties, gas transmission pipelines and facilities, underground storage caverns, gas processing, fractionation, and compression facilities, and gas gathering well connections and pipelines. At the end of the useful life of each respective asset, we are legally obligated to dismantle offshore platforms and appropriately abandon offshore pipelines, to remove certain components of gas transmission facilities from the ground, to restore land and remove surface equipment at gas processing, fractionation, and compression facilities, to cap certain gathering pipelines at the wellhead connection and remove any related surface equipment, to plug storage caverns and remove any related surface equipment, and to plug producing wells and remove any related surface equipment.
The following table presents the significant changes to our ARO, of which $1.827 billion and $1.590 billion are included in Regulatory liabilities, deferred income, and other with the remaining current portion in Accrued and other current liabilities at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
 Year Ended December 31,
 20222021
 (Millions)
Balance at beginning of year$1,665 $1,222 
Liabilities incurred (1)77 336 
Liabilities settled(22)(25)
Accretion85 73 
Revisions (2)109 59 
Balance at end of year$1,914 $1,665 
___________
(1)Includes $307 million of ARO in 2021 related to acquired upstream properties.
(2)Several factors are considered in the annual review process, including inflation rates, current estimates for removal cost, market risk premiums, discount rates, and the estimated remaining useful life of the assets. The 2022 revisions reflect changes in removal cost estimates and increases in inflation rates, partially offset by increases in discount rates. The 2021 revisions reflect changes in removal cost estimates, increases in the estimated remaining useful life of certain assets, and increases in inflation rates.
The funds Transco collects through a portion of its rates to fund its ARO are deposited into an external trust account dedicated to funding its ARO (ARO Trust). (See Note 15 – Fair Value Measurements, Guarantees, and Concentration of Credit Risk.) Under its current rate settlement, Transco’s annual funding obligation is approximately $16 million, with installments to be deposited monthly.