10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______to _______

Commission File Number: 001-35737

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	94-3306718
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(240) 497-9024

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ☒      No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ☒      No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	NWBO	OTCQB

As of August 4, 2022, the total number of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding was 1,037,230,618.

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	26
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	27
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION		28
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	28
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	28
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	28
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	28
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	28
Item 5.	Other Information	28
Item 6.	Exhibits	28
SIGNATURES		30

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	June 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,831	$	15,169
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,347		2,121
Total current assets		7,178		17,290
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net		13,748		15,027
Right-of-use asset, net		4,335		4,889
Indefinite-lived intangible asset		1,292		1,292
Goodwill		626		626
Other assets		342		1,036
Total non-current assets		20,343		22,870
TOTAL ASSETS	$	27,521	$	40,160
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	8,370	$	6,976
Accounts payable and accrued expenses to related parties and affiliates		5,657		3,971
Convertible notes, net		135		135
Notes payable, net		9,858		7,104
Contingent payable derivative liability		8,123		8,232
Warrant liability		65,686		106,784
Lease liabilities		329		317
Shares payable		—		250
Total current liabilities		98,158		133,769
Non-current liabilities:
Notes payable, net of current portion, net		16,455		25,156
Lease liabilities, net of current portion		4,574		5,226
Total non-current liabilities		21,029		30,382
Total liabilities		119,187		164,151
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 10)
Stockholders’ deficit:
Preferred stock ($0.001 par value); 100,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively		—		—
Common stock ($0.001 par value); 1,200,000,000 shares authorized; 1,034.5 million and 948.4 million shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively		1,034		948
Additional paid-in capital		1,139,811		1,066,873
Stock subscription receivable		(79)		(79)
Accumulated deficit		(1,235,972)		(1,192,090)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		3,540		357
Total stockholders’ deficit		(91,666)		(123,991)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT	$	27,521	$	40,160

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

3

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues:
Research and other	$	477	$	416	$	880	$	655
Total revenues		477		416		880		655
Operating costs and expenses:
Research and development		13,645		5,451		18,465		12,374
General and administrative		7,931		7,372		15,800		20,258
Total operating costs and expenses		21,576		12,823		34,265		32,632
Loss from operations		(21,099)		(12,407)		(33,385)		(31,977)
Other income (expense):
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(4,254)		17,500		(3,714)		35,063
Gain (loss) from extinguishment of debt		(110)		(136)		300		(144)
Interest expense		(1,432)		(807)		(3,335)		(2,254)
Foreign currency transaction loss		(2,773)		260		(3,748)		(401)
Total other income (loss)		(8,569)		16,817		(10,497)		32,264
Net income (loss)	$	(29,668)	$	4,410	$	(43,882)	$	287
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		2,375		(274)		3,183		350
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	(27,293)	$	4,136	$	(40,699)	$	637
Net earnings (loss) per share applicable to common stockholders
Basic	$	(0.03)	$	0.01	$	(0.04)	$	0.00
Diluted	$	(0.03)	$	(0.01)	$	(0.04)	$	(0.03)
Weighted average shares used in computing basic earnings (loss) per share		1,003,976		851,805		981,737		843,252
Weighted average shares used in computing diluted earnings (loss) per share		1,003,976		1,159,076		981,737		1,147,423

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
										Accumulated
				Additional						Other		Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Subscription		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Par value		Capital		Receivable		Deficit		Income		Deficit
Balances at April 1, 2022	969,697	$	970	$	1,083,723	$	(79)	$	(1,206,304)	$	1,165	$	(120,525)
Issuance of common stock for cash	8,584		8		6,317		—		—		—		6,325
Warrants exercised for cash	23,747		24		5,347		—		—		—		5,371
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	—		—		11,973		—		—		—		11,973
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise	28,877		29		(29)		—		—		—		—
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	—		—		25,375		—		—		—		25,375
Issuance of common stock conversion of debt and accrued interest	2,070		2		1,343		—		—		—		1,345
Stock-based compensation	1,500		1		5,762		—		—		—		5,763
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(29,668)		—		(29,668)
Cumulative translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		2,375		2,375
Balances at June 30, 2022	1,034,475	$	1,034	$	1,139,811	$	(79)	$	(1,235,972)	$	3,540	$	(91,666)

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
										Accumulated
				Additional						Other		Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Subscription		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Par value		Capital		Receivable		Deficit		Income (Loss)		Deficit
Balance at April 1, 2021	842,358	$	842	$	1,021,900	$	(79)	$	(1,375,339)	$	(524)	$	(353,200)
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	612		1		880		—		—		—		881
Warrants and stock options exercised for cash	13,326		13		3,315		—		—		—		3,328
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	—		—		8,459		—		—		—		8,459
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise	934		1		(1)		—		—		—		—
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	—		—		1,446		—		—		—		1,446
Stock-based compensation	—		—		3,551		—		—		—		3,551
Reclassification of warrant liabilities based on authorized shares	—		—		(18,443)		—		—		—		(18,443)
Net income	—		—		—		—		4,410		—		4,410
Cumulative translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		(274)		(274)
Balance at June 30, 2021	857,230	$	857	$	1,021,107	$	(79)	$	(1,370,929)	$	(798)	$	(349,842)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

5

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
										Accumulated
				Additional						Other		Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Subscription		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Par value		Capital		Receivable		Deficit		Income		Deficit
Balances at January 1, 2022	948,445	$	948	$	1,066,873	$	(79)	$	(1,192,090)	$	357	$	(123,991)
Issuance of common stock for cash	13,137		13		9,676		—		—		—		9,689
Warrants exercised for cash	39,003		39		9,517		—		—		—		9,556
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	—		—		19,688		—		—		—		19,688
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise	28,903		29		(29)		—		—		—		—
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	—		—		25,379		—		—		—		25,379
Issuance of common stock conversion of debt and accrued interest	3,482		4		2,328		—		—		—		2,332
Stock-based compensation	1,505		1		6,379		—		—		—		6,380
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(43,882)		—		(43,882)
Cumulative translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		3,183		3,183
Balances at June 30, 2022	1,034,475	$	1,034	$	1,139,811	$	(79)	$	(1,235,972)	$	3,540	$	(91,666)

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
										Accumulated
				Additional						Other		Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Subscription		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Par value		Capital		Receivable		Deficit		Income (Loss)		Deficit
Balance at January 1, 2021	829,631	$	830	$	1,008,665	$	(79)	$	(1,371,216)	$	(1,148)	$	(362,948)
Issuance of common stock for cash	69		—		16		—		—		—		16
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	5,145		5		7,495		—		—		—		7,500
Warrants and stock options exercised for cash	16,198		16		4,057		—		—		—		4,073
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	—		—		11,394		—		—		—		11,394
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise	6,139		6		(6)		—		—		—		—
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	—		—		1,592		—		—		—		1,592
Stock-based compensation	48		—		13,442		—		—		—		13,442
Reclassification of warrant liabilities based on authorized shares	—		—		(25,548)		—		—		—		(25,548)
Net income	—		—		—		—		287		—		287
Cumulative translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		350		350
Balance at June 30, 2021	857,230	$	857	$	1,021,107	$	(79)	$	(1,370,929)	$	(798)	$	(349,842)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the six months ended
	June 30,
	2022		2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(43,882)	$	287
Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		624		145
Amortization of debt discount		1,509		1,357
Change in fair value of derivatives		3,714		(35,063)
(Gain) loss from extinguishment of debt		(300)		144
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset		121		149
Stock-based compensation for services		6,380		13,369
Subtotal of non-cash charges		12,048		(19,899)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(286)		992
Other non-current assets		660		(218)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		1,533		1,424
Related party accounts payable and accrued expenses		2,056		(2,645)
Lease liabilities		63		19
Net cash used in operating activities		(27,808)		(20,040)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of equipment and construction in progress		(466)		(1,771)
Net cash used in investing activities		(466)		(1,771)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net		9,465		16
Proceeds from exercise of warrants and stock options		9,556		4,073
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net		600		12,288
Repayment of notes payable		(5,290)		(835)
Net cash provided by financing activities		14,331		15,542
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		3,605		44
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(10,338)		(6,225)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period		15,169		9,983
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period	$	4,831	$	3,758
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments on notes payable	$	(876)	$	(174)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the six months ended
	June 30,
	2022		2021
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise	$	29	$	6
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	$	19,688	$	11,394
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	$	25,379	$	1,592
Reclassification of warrant liabilities based on authorized shares	$	—	$	25,548
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	$	2,229	$	7,487
Reclassification between shares payable and equity	$	250	$	—
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable	$	49	$	592

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Description of Business

Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries Flaskworks L.L.C., NW Bio GmbH, Aracaris Ltd, Aracaris Capital, Ltd, and Northwest Biotherapeutics B.V. (collectively, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our”) were organized to discover and develop innovative immunotherapies for cancer. The Company has developed DCVax® platform technologies for both operable and inoperable solid tumor cancers. The Company is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland and has wholly owned subsidiaries in the U.K., in the Netherlands, and in Boston, Massachusetts.

The Company relies upon contract manufacturers for production of its DCVax products, research and development services, distribution and logistics, and related services, in compliance with the Company’s specifications and the applicable regulatory requirements.

2. Financial Condition, Going Concern and Management Plans

The Company has incurred annual net operating losses since its inception. The Company had a net loss of $43.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Company used approximately $27.8 million of cash in its operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

The Company does not expect to generate material revenue in the near future from the sale of products and is subject to all of the risks and uncertainties that are typically faced by biotechnology companies that devote substantially all of their efforts to research and development (“R&D”) and clinical trials and do not yet have commercial products. The Company expects to continue incurring annual losses for the foreseeable future. The Company’s existing liquidity is not sufficient to fund its operations, anticipated capital expenditures, working capital and other financing requirements until the Company reaches significant revenues. Until that time, the Company will need to obtain additional equity and/or debt financing, especially if the Company experiences downturns in its business that are more severe or longer than anticipated, or if the Company experiences significant increases in expense levels resulting from being a publicly-traded company or from expansion of operations. If the Company attempts to obtain additional equity or debt financing, the Company cannot assume that such financing will be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all.

Because of recurring operating losses and operating cash flow deficits, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of this filing. The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

As previously reported, coronavirus-related difficulties have impacted most aspects of the database lock and the process of analyzing the Phase III trial results, especially with the successive waves of COVID-19 cases in many areas. The independent service firms have had limited capacity, and restrictions on operations. Key experts at certain specialized service providers have been unavailable for periods of time due to illness in their family. Other experts have gone on extended leave due to restrictions on operations. Clinical trial sites have not allowed personnel from the contract research organization managing the trial, or other service providers, to visit the sites for trial matters such as data monitoring and collection activities. Clinical trial site personnel have been unavailable due to being reassigned for COVID-19, and the limited site personnel have had to work under restrictions. Committee processes and regulatory processes have been similarly focused on COVID-19 matters and delayed on other matters. Firms such as the ones storing the Phase III trial tissue samples that are needed for certain analyses, and the firms conducting the analyses have had only limited operations. Even logistical matters such as the shipping of materials have been subjected to substantial restrictions and delays.

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.

9

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2022, condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ deficit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any future interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021 has been derived from audited financial statements; however, it does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K (the “2021 Annual Report”), which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2022.

Use of Estimates

In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in these estimates.

On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and judgments, including valuing equity securities in share-based payment arrangements, estimating the fair value of financial instruments recorded as derivative liabilities, useful lives of depreciable assets and whether impairment charges may apply. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates, particularly given the significant social and economic disruptions and uncertainties associated with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) and the COVID-19 control responses.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the 2021 Annual Report.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options

In May 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (for example, warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. This ASU provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another Topic. It specifically addresses: (1) how an entity should treat a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; (2) how an entity should measure the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; and (3) how an entity should recognize the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange. This ASU will be effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. An entity should apply the amendments prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted this standard without any material impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures.

10

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, ASC Subtopic 820 “Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions”. The FASB is issuing this Update (1) to clarify the guidance in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security, (2) to amend a related illustrative example, and (3) to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with Topic 820.

For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance.

The Company is still evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on the consolidated financial statements.

4. Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with ASC 820 (Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures), the Company uses various inputs to measure the outstanding warrants and certain embedded conversion feature associated with convertible debt on a recurring basis to determine the fair value of the liability. ASC 820 also establishes a hierarchy categorizing inputs into three levels used to measure and disclose fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. An explanation of each level in the hierarchy is described below:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments that are accessible by the Company on the measurement date

Level 2 - Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are either directly or indirectly observable

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the instrument requiring the development of assumptions by the Company

The following table classifies the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

	Fair value measured at June 30, 2022
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	June 30, 2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	65,686	$	—	$	—	$	65,686
Embedded redemption option		1,033		—		—		1,033
Contingent payable derivative liability		8,123		—		—		8,123
Total fair value	$	74,842	$	—	$	—	$	74,842

	Fair value measured at December 31, 2021
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	December 31, 2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	106,784	$	—	$	—	$	106,784
Embedded redemption option		988		—		—		988
Contingent payable derivative liability		8,232		—		—		8,232
Total fair value	$	116,004	$	—	$	—	$	116,004

There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 during the six-month period ended June 30, 2022.

11

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the six-month period ended June 30, 2022. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. Unrealized gains and losses associated with liabilities within the Level 3 category include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long- dated volatilities) inputs (in thousands).

	Warrant		Embedded		Contingent Payable
	Liability		Redemption Option		Derivative Liability		Total
Balance - January 1, 2022	$	106,784	$	988	$	8,232	$	116,004
Additional warrant liability		184		7		—		191
Reclassification of warrant liabilities		(45,067)		—		—		(45,067)
Change in fair value		3,785		38		(109)		3,714
Balance – June 30, 2022	$	65,686	$	1,033	$	8,123	$	74,842

A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring the Company’s warrant liabilities and embedded conversion feature that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows:

	As of June 30, 2022
	Warrant			Contingent Payable
	Liability			Derivative Liability
Strike price	$	0.31		$	0.63	*
Contractual term (years)		1.4			1.5
Volatility (annual)		82	%		84	%
Risk-free rate		2.2	%		2.7	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%

	As of December 31, 2021
	Warrant			Contingent Payable
	Liability			Derivative Liability
Strike price	$	0.30		$	0.70	*
Contractual term (years)		1.0			1.6
Volatility (annual)		90	%		72	%
Risk-free rate		0.1	%		0.6	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%

* Contingent based on current stock price as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

5. Stock-based Compensation

The following table summarizes total amounts of stock-based compensation that were expensed during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands). The related party amounts were for milestone incentives that are deemed probable to be achieved in the future and become payable at that time; only $0.5 million was paid during the three months ended June 30, 2022.

	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Research and development	$	641	$	2,553	$	1,151	$	6,242
Research and development - related party		5,340		—		5,340		—
General and administrative		(218)		998		(111)		7,127
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	5,763	$	3,551	$	6,380	$	13,369

12

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company reversed approximately $0.9 million and $0.3 million of stock-based compensation expense in research and development and general and administrative, respectively, which were related to the cancellation of certain unvested performance-based awards.

The Black-Scholes option pricing model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted. The weighted average assumptions used in calculating the fair values of stock options that were granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022 was as follows:

	For the six months
	ended
	June 30, 2022
Exercise price	$	0.65
Expected term (years)		3.9
Expected stock price volatility		99	%
Risk-free rate		3.3	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

The total unrecognized compensation cost was approximately $9.6 million as of June 30, 2022 and will be recognized over the next 1.5 years.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the Company’s option plans during the six months ended June 30, 2022 (amount in thousands, except per share number):

				Weighted Average
		Weighted		Remaining
	Number of	Average		Contractual Life	Total Intrinsic
	Shares	Exercise Price		(in years)	Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	304,847	$	0.33	8.0	$	114,803
Granted(1)	8,005		0.65	7.2
Cashless exercised	(3,286)		0.49
Forfeited/expired	(54)		11.20
Outstanding as of June 30, 2022	309,512	$	0.34	7.5	$	92,895
Options vested (2)	286,047	$	0.33	7.5	$	87,730

(1) Awards granted to Flaskworks employees and consultants.

(2) Approximately 236.6 million options are not exercisable until at least August 31, 2022.

Ms. Linda Powers, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Leslie Goldman, the Company’s Senior Vice President, are subject to an agreement under which they cannot exercise any options or warrants except upon at least 61 days’ prior notice.

Restricted Stock Awards

During April 2022, the Company’s Board approved and the Company entered into a Statement of Work #6 (the “SOW 6”) with Advent BioServices for five workstreams that are prerequisites for an application for regulatory approval of DCVax-L, for drafting of key portions of the application and for three required licenses for the Sawston facility. The SOW provides for baseline costs and for milestone incentives for successful completion of each of the workstreams, the completion of the application and regulatory acceptance of the submission, and regulatory approval of each of the three licenses. The milestone incentives will be a combination of cash and stock, and will not be paid until they are achieved. If all of the milestones are achieved for the 5 workstreams that are prerequisites for an application for product approval, for the application itself and regulatory acceptance of the submission, and for all 3 licenses required for the Sawston facility, the aggregate stock based compensation under SOW 6 will be 12.5 million shares (including the 1.5 millions shares already earned by obtaining the first 2 of the 3 required licenses for the Sawston facility). Such 12.5 million shares had an aggregate fair value on the grant date (effective date) of SOW 6 of $11.8 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized and expensed an aggregate of $3.8 million related to the cash component of certain milestones and $5.3 million related to the stock

13

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

component of such milestones, in anticipation that it is probable the milestones will be achieved and earned in the future. The amounts recognized and expensed during the three months ended June 30, 2022, included $1.5 million cash payable (of which $0.5 million was paid) and 1.5 million shares for milestones met and hence vested, and the pro rata portion of other milestones that are expected to be achieved and become payable in the future. These amounts are only payable if and when the relevant milestones are met. The 1.5 million shares that were issued were for the milestones that had been met by the regulatory approvals of two of the licenses required for the Sawston facility.

6. Notes Payable

The following two tables summarize outstanding debt as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (amount in thousands):

		Stated									Embedded
		Interest			Conversion				Remaining		Redemption		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Debt Discount		Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured	Due		6	%	$	3.09	$	135	$	—	$	—	$	135
								135		—		—		135
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured	Various		8	%		N/A		5,503		(277)		—		5,226
9% unsecured	Various		9	%		N/A		3,932		(10)		7		3,929
12% unsecured	On Demand		12	%		N/A		703		—		—		703
								10,138		(287)		7		9,858
Long term notes payable
8% unsecured	9/22/2023		8	%		N/A		16,505		(2,202)		1,026		15,329
6% secured	3/25/2025		6	%		N/A		1,126		—		—		1,126
								17,631		(2,202)		1,026		16,455
Ending balance as of June 30, 2022							$	27,904	$	(2,489)	$	1,033	$	26,448

		Stated									Embedded
		Interest			Conversion				Remaining		Redemption		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Debt Discount		Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured	Due		6	%	$	3.09	$	135	$	—	$	—	$	135
								135		—		—		135
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured	Various		8	%		N/A		2,320		(118)		—		2,202
9% unsecured	Various		9	%		N/A		4,232		(80)		47		4,199
12% unsecured	On Demand		12	%		N/A		703		—		—		703
								7,255		(198)		47		7,104
Long term notes payable
1% unsecured(10)	Various		1	%		N/A		433		—		—		433
8% unsecured	9/22/2023		8	%		N/A		25,938		(3,638)		941		23,241
6% secured	3/25/2025		6	%		N/A		1,482		—		—		1,482
								27,853		(3,638)		941		25,156
Ending balance as of June 30, 2022							$	35,243	$	(3,836)	$	988	$	32,395

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company entered into multiple four-month note agreements (the “Notes”) with various individual lenders (the “Holders”) with an aggregate principal amount of $0.6 million for net proceeds of $0.6 million. The Notes have a 9% interest rate, a 5% original issue discount (“OID”), and contain a conditional right to independently purchase shares from the Company in a future raise of Capital (the “Piggy-back Right”), under which the Company agrees that if it (i) publicly releases top line data from the Phase III trial of its DCVax®-L vaccine (such eventuality, the “Release”) and (ii) consummates the first offering of its common stock following such Release (the “Next Offering”), then Holder shall have the conditional right, at its sole option, typically exercisable within seven (7) days following the Next Offering, to independently purchase from the Company up to a number of shares

14

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

equal in value to (a) 50% of the principal amount of the loan, (b) 50% of the value of the exercised warrant shares, and (c) exchange some or all of the outstanding loan amount for a variable number of shares (the “Contingent Rights”). The Contingent Right (a) and (b) above shall be priced at a 12% discount from the Next Offering, resulting in either an elimination of, or a reduced cash amount repayable under the loan agreement. The Company accounted for the Contingent Right (a) and (b) as a freestanding financial instrument, which was classified as a liability at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet with changes in fair value recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Company accounted for the Contingent Right (c) as an embedded derivative liability at fair value, which requires it to be bifurcated, with changes in fair value recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company issued approximately 3.5 million shares of common stock at fair value of $2.3 million to certain lenders in lieu of cash payments. The Company recognized approximately $0.1 million debt extinguishment loss.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company made aggregate cash payments of $6.2 million on notes payable, including $0.9 million of interest payment.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company entered into multiple note extension agreements whereby the maturity date of the notes was extended for additional 2-4 months.

The Company received two loans under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act’s Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) in 2021 for the amount of $0.4 million. On February 22, 2022, the PPP loans were approved for forgiveness. The Company recorded approximately $0.4 million debt extinguishment gain from the forgiveness of these PPP loans.

For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, interest expense related to notes payable totaled approximately $1.4 million and $0.7 million including amortization of debt discounts totaling $0.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, interest expense related to notes payable totaled approximately $3.3 million and $2.1 million including amortization of debt discounts totaling $1.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

7. Net Earnings (Loss) per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share is computed similar to basic earnings (loss) per common share except that it reflects the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. Diluted weighted average common shares include common stock potentially issuable under the Company’s convertible notes, warrants and vested and unvested stock options.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, net income is adjusted for gain from change in fair value of warrant liabilities.

The following table sets forth the computation of earnings (loss) per share (amounts in thousands):

	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net earnings (loss) - basic	$	(29,668)	$	4,410	$	(43,882)	$	287
Reversal of gain due to change in fair value of warrant liability		—		(17,500)		—		(35,063)
Net loss - diluted		(29,668)		(13,090)		(43,882)		(34,776)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		1,003,976		851,805		981,737		843,252
Diluted shares- Options		—		51,547		—		48,774
Diluted shares- Warrants		—		255,650		—		255,323
Convertible notes and interest		—		74		—		74
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		1,003,976		1,159,076		981,737		1,147,423

15

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

The following securities were not included in the diluted net earnings (loss) per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive as of the periods presented (in thousands):

	For the six months ended
	June 30,
	2022	2021
Common stock options	309,512	257,005
Common stock warrants	153,110	56,712
Convertible notes and accrued interest	76	—
Potentially dilutive securities	462,698	313,717

8. Related Party Transactions

Advent BioServices Agreement

The Company has a Manufacturing Services Agreement with Advent BioServices (“Advent”) for the manufacture of DCVax-L products at an existing facility in London, as previously reported. The Company also has an Ancillary Services Agreement with Advent, which establishes a structure under which Advent submits Statements of Work (“SOWs”) for activities related to the development of the Sawston facility and the compassionate use activities in the UK, as previously reported. The Ancillary Services Agreement had an original term of eight months, which ended in July 2020. The Company extended the term by 12 months to July 2021 and another 12 months to July 2022, with no other changes, and recently extended it for another 12 months to July 2023.

During April 2022, the Company's Board approved and the Company entered into a Statement of Work #6 (the "SOW 6") with Advent BioServices for five workstreams that are prerequisites for an application for regulatory approval of DCVax-L, for drafting of key portions of the application and for three required licenses for the Sawston facility. The SOW provides for baseline costs and for milestone incentives for successful completion of each of the workstreams, for the completion of the application and regulatory acceptance of the submission, and for regulatory approval of each of the licenses. The milestone incentives will be a combination of cash and stock, and will not be paid until they are achieved and earned. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, in anticipation that it is probable the milestones will be achieved and earned over the course of the contract period, the Company recognized and expensed an aggregate of $3.8 million (but only paid $0.5 million) related to the cash component of the anticipated milestones, and the Company recognized and expensed $5.3 million related to the stock component of the anticipated milestones (but only issued 1.5 million shares). The 1.5 million shares issued were for the milestones that had been met by the regulatory approvals of two of the licenses required for the Sawston facility.

Advent BioServices Sublease Agreement

On December 31, 2021, the Company entered into a Sub-lease Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Advent. The Agreement permits use by Advent of a portion of the space in the Sawston facility which is leased by the Company under a separate head lease with a different counterparty (Huawei) that commenced on December 14, 2018. The Company subleased approximately 14,459 square feet of the 88,000 square foot building interior space, plus corresponding exterior support space and parking. The lease payments amount under the Agreement are two times the £5.75 (approximate $7.76 per square foot based on exchange rate as of December 31, 2021) rate per square foot payable under the head lease, but subject to a cap of $10 per square foot. Accordingly, the monthly lease payments under the Sublease are calculated based on $144,590 annually for 2022. The total lease payments paid by the Company for the facility, exterior spaces and parking under the head lease are 500,000 pounds per year. The term of the Agreement shall end on the same date as the head lease term ends.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized sub-lease income of $37,000 and $73,000, respectively.

Related Party Expenses and Accounts Payable

During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company capitalized $28,000 and $1.4 million costs, invoiced by Advent, related to the Sawston facility buildout.

16

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

The following table summarizes outstanding unpaid accounts payable and accrued expenses held by related parties as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (amount in thousands). These unpaid amounts include part of the expenses reported in the above section. The 2021 balance also included certain expenses incurred in prior periods.

	June 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Advent BioServices – amount invoiced	$	1,407	$	3,046
Advent BioServices – amount accrued		3,350		—
Accounts payable and accrued expenses to Advent BioServices	$	4,757	$	3,046

As of June 30, 2022, there was approximately $0.9 million of unpaid Board compensation that was also included in the accounts payable to related party on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

9. Stockholders’ Deficit

Common Stock

Common Stock Issued for Cash

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company received $9.5 million from issuance of 13.1 million shares of common stock to various investors.

Warrants Exercised for Cash

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company received $9.6 million from the exercise of warrants issued in the past with an exercise price between $0.18 and $0.70. The Company issued approximately 39.0 million shares of common stock upon these warrant exercises.

Warrants and Options Cashless Exercise

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, certain warrant holders elected to exercise some of their warrants pursuant to cashless exercise formulas. The Company issued approximately 26.8 million shares of common stock for exercise of 31.6 million warrants at an exercise price between $0.18 and $0.52.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, certain options holders elected to exercise some of their options pursuant to cashless exercise formulas. The Company issued approximately 2.1 million shares of common stock for exercise of 3.3 million warrants at an exercise price between $0.25 and $0.34.

Stock Purchase Warrants

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

	Number of	Weighted Average		Remaining
	Warrants	Exercise Price		Contractual Term
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	225,469	$	0.30	0.96
Warrants exercised for cash	(39,004)		0.25
Cashless warrrants exercise	(31,645)		0.22
Warrants expired and cancellation	(1,710)		1.64
Outstanding as of June 30, 2022	153,110	$	0.31	1.40

The options and warrants held by Ms. Powers and Mr. Goldman are subject to an ongoing suspension on a rolling basis pursuant to the Blocker Letter. In addition, other executive officers and directors extended their suspensions to various dates until at least August 31, 2022.

17

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

At June 30, 2022, of the 153 million total outstanding warrants listed above, approximately 142 million warrants were under block or suspension agreements.

At August 1, 2022, a total of approximately 141 million warrants were under block or suspension until between August 15, 2022 and December 15, 2022.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease- Lessee Arrangements

The Company has operating leases for corporate offices in the U.S. and U.K., and for manufacturing facilities in the U.K. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded in the balance sheet. The Company has elected the practical expedient to account for each separate lease component of a contract and its associated non-lease components as a single lease component, thus causing all fixed payments to be capitalized. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which among other things, allows the Company to carry forward historical lease classification. The lease renewal options have not been included in the calculation of the lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets as the Company has not yet determined whether to exercise the options. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease such as increases in lease payments based on changes in index rates or usage, are not included in the ROU assets or liabilities. These are expensed as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense.

At June 30, 2022, the Company had operating lease liabilities of approximately $4.9 million for both the 20-year lease of the building for the manufacturing facility in Sawston, U.K., and the current office lease in the U.S. ROU assets of approximately $4.3 million for the Sawston lease and U.S. office lease are included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

18

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

The following summarizes quantitative information about the Company’s operating leases (amount in thousands):

	For the Six Months ended
	June 30, 2022
	U.K			U.S			Total
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	309		$	130		$	439
Short-term lease cost		34			—			34
Variable lease cost		—			12			12
Sub-lease income		(73)			—			(73)
Total	$	270		$	142		$	412
Other information
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(325)		$	(144)		$	(469)
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases		8.7			1.5
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		12	%		12	%

	For the Six Months ended
	June 30, 2021
	U.K			U.S			Total
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	330		$	147		$	477
Short-term lease cost		25			—			25
Variable lease cost		48			5			53
Total	$	403		$	152		$	555
Other information
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(347)		$	(84)		$	(431)
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases		8.6			2.1
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		12	%		12	%

The Company recorded lease costs as a component of general and administrative expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Maturities of our operating leases, excluding short-term leases and sublease agreement, are as follows:

Six months ended December 31, 2022	$	450
Year ended December 31, 2023		906
Year ended December 31, 2024		812
Year ended December 31, 2025		607
Year ended December 31, 2026		607
Thereafter		7,269
Total		10,651
Less present value discount		(5,748)
Operating lease liabilities included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2022	$	4,903

19

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Maturities of our operating leases under the sublease agreement, based on the current exchange rate, are as follows:

Six months ended December 31, 2022	$	72
Year ended December 31, 2023		145
Year ended December 31, 2024		145
Year ended December 31, 2025		145
Year ended December 31, 2026		145
Thereafter		1,740
Total	$	2,392

Manufacturing Services Agreements

Advent BioServices

On May 14, 2018, the Company entered into a DCVax®-L Manufacturing and Services Agreement (“MSA”) with Advent BioServices, a related party which was formerly part of Cognate BioServices and was spun off separately as part of an institutional financing of Cognate. The Advent Agreement provides for manufacturing of DCVax-L products at an existing facility in London. The Agreement is structured in the same manner as the Company’s prior agreements with Cognate BioServices. The Advent Agreement provided for a program initiation payment of approximately $1.0 million (which was fully paid in 2018), in connection with technology transfer and operations to the U.K. from Germany, development of new Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the London facility, selection of new suppliers and auditing for GMP compliance, and other preparatory activities. The Advent Agreement provides for certain payments for achievement of milestones and, as was the case under the prior agreement with Cognate BioServices, the Company is required to pay certain fees for dedicated production capacity reserved exclusively for DCVax production and pay for manufacturing of DCVax-L products for a certain minimum number of patients, whether or not the Company fully utilizes the dedicated capacity and number of patients. Either party may terminate the MSA on twelve months’ notice, to allow for transition arrangements by both parties.

On November 8, 2019, the Company and Advent entered into an Ancillary Services Agreement with an 8-month Term for U.K. Facility Development Activities and Compassionate Use Program Activities. The Ancillary Services Agreement establishes a structure under which Advent develops Statements of Work (“SOWs”) for the U.K. Facility Development Activities and Compassionate Use Program Activities and delivers those SOWs to the Company for review and approval. After an SOW is approved by the Company, Advent will proceed with or continue the applicable services and will invoice the Company pursuant to the SOW. Since both the U.K. Facility Development and the Compassionate Use Program involve pioneering and uncertainties in most aspects, the invoicing under the Ancillary Services Agreement is on the basis of costs incurred plus fifteen percent. The Agreement may also cover agreement by the parties and SOWs for operational milestones and related payments. The Ancillary Services Agreement had an original term of eight months, which ended in July 2020. The Company extended the term by 12 months to July 2021 and another 12 months to July 2022, with no other changes, and recently extended it for another 12 months to July 2023.

During April 2022, the Company entered into a Statement of Work #6 (the “SOW 6”) with Advent to be incorporated into the Ancillary Services Agreement. SOW 6 provides for five workstreams that are prerequisites for an application for regulatory approval of DCVax-L, for drafting of key portions of the application and for three required licenses for the Sawston facility. The SOW provides for baseline costs and for milestone incentives for successful completion of each of the workstreams, for the completion of the application and regulatory acceptance of the submission, and for regulatory approval of each of the licenses. The milestone incentives will be a combination of cash and stock, and will not be paid until they are achieved and earned, as described in Note 8. Related Parties Transactions above.

20

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

German Tax Matter

The German tax authorities have audited our wholly owned subsidiary, NW Bio GmbH, for 2013-2015. The NW Bio GmbH submitted substantial documentation to refute certain aspects of the assessments and the German tax authorities agreed in principle with the Company’s proposed revised approach and settlement offer. A final settlement bill was received from the German Tax Authority confirming that only a portion of the original bill was owed, €277,000 (approximately $329,000), for corporate taxes, interest, and reduced penalty for the period under audit, which the Company paid on September 2, 2021. The Company also received and paid the final settlement bill from the local authority for trade taxes for the audit period in the amount of €231,000 (approximately $272,000). On November 4, 2021, the Company received a letter from the local tax authorities asking for additional late fees of €513,000 (now approximately $535,000) on reimbursable withholding taxes that had been waived during the settlement process. On December 8, 2021, the Company appealed the assessment of additional late fees. Additionally, the Company requested that NW Bio GmbH be deregistered from the trade register, as it no longer had current operations. The deregistration was granted effective December 31, 2021. Between January 2022 and July 2022, the Company received tax bills for the corporate and trade taxes for the 2016-2020 tax years that totaled approximately €222,000 (approximately $232,000). On July 27, 2022, we were informed that the German Tax Authorities were prepared to waive €135,000 (approximately $141,000) of the penalties. The Company is currently assessing its options and response. The Company currently has €370,000 (approximately $386,000) accrued as of June 30, 2022. Based on the Company’s current operating state in Germany and the negotiations, the Company concludes based on its evaluation under ASC 740, that the resolution of these tax matters will not likely result in a net material charge to the Company.

11. Subsequent Events

Certificate of Elimination of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock

On July 20, 2022, the Company filed a Certificate of Elimination with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware with respect to the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock pursuant to which both series were eliminated and returned to the status of authorized and unissued preferred shares of the Company, as there are no Series A or Series B Preferred shares outstanding.

Certificate of Designation of Series C Preferred Stock

Also on July 20, 2022, the Company filed the Certificate of Designations for Series C Preferred Stock (the “Series C Certificate of Designations”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, setting forth the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock. The Series C Certificate of Designations, effective as of July 20, 2022, that was created out of the authorized and unissued shares of preferred stock of the Company the Series C Preferred Stock, provides for 10,000,000 shares, par value $0.001 per share, and establishes the rights, preferences and privileges of the Series C.

Financing

During July 2022, the Company entered into various Subscription Agreements (the “Series C Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors (the “Series C Investors”). Pursuant to the Series C Subscription Agreements, the Company is issuing to the Series C Investors an aggregate of 299,858 shares of the Company’s Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series C Shares”), at a purchase price between $15.75 and $16.00 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $4.7 million. Pursuant to some of the Series C Subscription Agreements, the Company also made approximately $2.0 million partial debt repayment. The Company received approximately $2.7 million net proceeds from the July financing.

Each Series C Shares will be convertible at the option of the holder, only after the convertibility date as defined in the Series C Subscription Agreements, into a total of 25 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share.

Debt Redemption

In July 2022, the Company issued approximately 2.8 million shares of common stock to certain lenders in lieu of cash payments on $1.7 million outstanding debt.

21

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included with this report. In addition to historical information, this report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. The words “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements, but some forward-looking statements are expressed differently. Many factors could affect our actual results, including those factors described under “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and in Part II Item 1A of this report. These factors, among others, could cause results to differ materially from those presently anticipated by us. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a biotechnology company focused on developing personalized immune therapies for cancer. We have developed a platform technology, DCVax®, which uses activated dendritic cells to mobilize a patient’s own immune system to attack their cancer.

Our lead product, DCVax®-L, is designed to treat solid tumor cancers in which the tumor can be surgically removed. We have completed a 331-patient international Phase III trial of DCVax-L for Glioblastoma multiforme brain cancer (GBM ). On May 10, 2022, top line data from the Phase III trial were presented in a scientific conference at the New York Academy of Sciences by one of the investigators in the trial. The presentation was made available publicly on a third party site.

The Company is now working on preparations for seeking regulatory approval of DCVax-L.

Post-COVID difficulties continue to impact supply chains and program operations for the Company as well as for other companies in this industry and others. The independent service firms have limited capacity, and still have some restrictions on operations. Key experts at certain specialized service providers have been unavailable for periods of time. Other experts have gone on extended leave. Clinical trial site personnel have been unavailable due to being reassigned for COVID, and the limited site personnel have had to work under restrictions. Committee processes and regulatory processes have been similarly focused on COVID matters and delayed on other matters. Firms such as the ones storing the Phase III trial tissue samples that are needed for certain analyses, and the firms conducting the analyses, continue to have only limited operations. Even logistical matters such as the shipping of materials have been, and continue to be, subjected to substantial difficulties and delays.

On August 28, 2020, the Company acquired Flaskworks, LLC (“Flaskworks”), a company that has developed a system designed to close and automate the manufacturing of cell therapy products such as DCVax®. The Company acquired 100% of the ownership, and Flaskworks became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Flaskworks was previously owned by its technical founders and Corning Inc. The technical team from Flaskworks joined the Company as part of the Acquisition. It is anticipated that the Flaskworks system will enable substantial scale-up of production volumes of DCVax products and substantial reduction of production costs. The Company’s buildout of the Sawston, UK facility has been designed to proceed in phases, as modules, both for efficiency in the timing of capital costs and to allow flexibility in operations and usage. The Company anticipates that implementation of the Flaskworks system will enable certain phases of the buildout to be simplified and streamlined.

Our second product, DCVax®-Direct, is designed to treat inoperable solid tumors. A 40-patient Phase I trial has been completed and included treatment of a diverse range of more than a dozen types of cancers. The Company plans to work on preparations for Phase II trials of DCVax-Direct as resources permit.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to derivative liabilities, accrued expenses and stock-based compensation. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ

22

from those estimates, particularly given the significant social and economic disruptions and uncertainties associated with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) and the COVID-19 control responses.

Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates are detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates have not changed substantially from those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Results of Operations

Operating costs:

Operating costs and expenses consist primarily of research and development expenses, including clinical trial expenses, which increase when we are actively participating in clinical trials or we are undertaking substantial one-time expenses following trials, such as for statistical work under the Statistical Analysis Plan, and other activities related to completion and assessment of the trial and its results. The operating costs also include administrative expenses associated with trials, in addition to R&D expenses, and increase as such operating activities grow.

In addition to clinical trial related costs, our operating costs may include ongoing work relating to our DCVax products, including R&D, product characterization, and related matters. Going forward, we are also incurring large amounts of costs to carry out and complete statistical analyses, validation work, data reports and other work associated with analyzing the trial results and proceeding.

Following our acquisition of Flaskworks, our operating costs now include the costs for its ongoing operations and its intellectual property filings.

Our operating costs also include the costs of preparations for the launch of new or expanded clinical trial programs. The preparation costs include payments to regulatory consultants, lawyers, statisticians, sites and others, evaluation of potential investigators, the clinical trial sites and the CROs managing the trials and other service providers, and expenses related to institutional approvals, clinical trial agreements (business contracts with sites), training of medical and other site personnel, trial supplies and other. Additional substantial costs relate to the maintenance and substantial expansion of manufacturing capacity, in both the U.S. and Europe.

Our operating costs also include legal and accounting costs in operating the Company.

Research and development:

Discovery and preclinical research and development expenses include costs for substantial external scientific personnel, technical and regulatory advisers, and others, costs of laboratory supplies used in our internal research and development projects, travel, regulatory compliance, and expenditures for preclinical and clinical trial operation and management when we are actively engaged in clinical trials.

Because we are a pre-revenue company, we do not allocate research and development costs on a project basis. We adopted this policy, in part, due to the unreasonable cost burden associated with accounting at such a level of detail and our limited number of financial and personnel resources.

General and administrative:

General and administrative expenses include personnel related salary and benefit expenses, cost of facilities, insurance, travel, legal services, property and equipment and amortization of stock options and warrants.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

We recognized a net loss of $29.7 million and a net income of $4.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Research and Development Expense

For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, research and development expense was $13.6 million and $5.5 million, respectively. The increase was mainly related to SOW 6 that was entered into in April, 2022 for five workstreams that are prerequisites for an application for regulatory approval of DCVax-L, for drafting of key portions of the application and for three required licenses for the

23

Sawston facility. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company expensed $3.8 million for cash milestones (but only paid $0.5 million) and $5.3 million for stock-based milestones that the Company believes are probable to be achieved and hence to become payable during the contract period. The $5.3 million stock-based compensation expense, for the milestones, were offset by a decrease of $1.9 million of stock-based compensation in research and development which was related to cancellation of certain unvested performance-based awards and less amortization related to previously granted awards.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expenses were $7.9 million and $7.4 million for three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase was mainly related to an increase of approximately $1.7 million in business travel costs, conferences expenses and D&O insurance premiums, and offset by a decrease of $1.2 million stock-based compensation, which were related to the cancellation of certain unvested performance-based awards and less amortization related to previously granted awards.

Change in fair value of derivatives

During the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized a non-cash loss of $4.3 million and a non-cash gain of $17.5 million, respectively. The 2022 loss was primarily due to the extension of the exercise periods of certain warrants and offset by a decrease of stock price as of June 30, 2022 compared to March 31, 2022. The 2021 gain was primarily due to the decrease of stock price as of June 30, 2021 compared to March 31, 2021.

Loss from Extinguishment of Debt

During the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $0.1 million and $0.1 million debt extinguishment loss from the redemption of certain loans, respectively. Changes are consistent compared to the same period of last year.

Interest Expense

During the three months ended and June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized interest expense of $1.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The increase was primarily due to an increase of outstanding debt as of March 31, 2022 compared to the outstanding balance as of March 31, 2021.

Foreign currency transaction loss

During the three months ended and June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized foreign currency transaction loss of $2.8 million and foreign currency transaction gain of $0.3 million, respectively. The loss was due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling and Euro. The gain was due to the weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

We recognized a net loss of $43.9 million and a net income of $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Research and Development Expense

For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, research and development expense was including the expense for milestones under SOW 6 with Advent that are expected to be achieved and become payable in the future) was $18.5 million and $12.4 million, respectively. We incurred an increase in related party research and development expenses of $11.2 million by Advent, of which $9.2 million comprised amounts expensed for SOW 6 milestones that are anticipated to be achieved and become payable in the future (of which the Company only paid $0.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022), offset by a decrease of $5.1 million stock-based compensation, which was related to the cancellation of certain unvested performance-based awards and less amortization related to previously granted awards.

We recognized and expensed approximately $14.7 million (including $9.2 million for milestones expected to be achieved and become payable in the future) and $3.5 million in expenses from related parties during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

General and Administrative Expense

24

General and administrative expenses were $15.8 million and $20.3 million for six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease was mainly related to a decrease of $7.2 million stock-based compensation, which were related to the cancellation of certain unvested performance-based awards and less amortization related to previously granted awards, and offset by an increase of approximately $2.2 million in business travel costs, conferences expenses and D&O insurance premiums.

Change in fair value of derivatives

During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized a non-cash loss of $3.7 million and a non-cash gain of $35.1 million, respectively. The 2022 loss was primarily due to the extension of certain warrants and offset by a decrease of stock price as of June 30, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021. The 2021 gain was primarily due to the decrease of stock price as of June 30, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020.

Gain (Loss) from Extinguishment of Debt

During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized debt extinguishment gain of $0.3 million and debt extinguishment loss of $0.1 million, respectively. The gain in 2022 was related to $0.4 million gain from the forgiveness of two PPP loans and offset by a loss of $0.1 million from redemption of certain loans.

Interest Expense

During the six months ended and June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recorded interest expense of $3.3 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The increase was primarily due to an increase of outstanding debt as of December 31, 2021 compared to the outstanding balance as of December 31, 2020.

Foreign currency transaction loss

During the six months ended and June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized foreign currency transaction loss of $3.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The loss was due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling and Euro, and the fluctuation was much higher this year compared to the same period of last year.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have experienced recurring losses from operations since inception. We have not yet established an ongoing source of revenues and must cover our operating expenses through debt and equity financings to allow us to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern depends on the ability to obtain adequate capital to fund operating losses until we generate adequate cash flows from operations to fund our operating costs and obligations. If we are unable to obtain adequate capital, we could be forced to cease operations.

We depend upon our ability, and will continue to attempt, to secure equity and/or debt financing. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Our management determined that there was substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, and management’s concerns about our ability to continue as a going concern within the year following this report persist.

Cash Flow

Operating Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, net cash used in operations were approximately $27.8 million and $20.0 million, respectively. The increase in cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to an increase in clinical trial related expenditures.

Financing Activities

We received approximately $9.5 million cash from issuance of 13.1 million shares of common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

We received approximately $9.6 million and $4.1 million, in cash from the exercise of warrants and options during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

25

We received approximately $0.6 million from issuance of multiple loans to individual lenders during the six months ended June 30, 2022. We received approximately $10.0 million cash proceeds from a loan from a commercial lender, $1.9 million cash from loans from various third-party lenders and $0.4 million from PPP loans during six months ended June 30, 2021.

We made aggregate debt payments of $5.3 million and $0.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Other factors affecting our ongoing funding requirements include the number of staff we employ, the number of sites, number of patients and amount of activity in our clinical trial programs, the costs of further product and process development work relating to our DCVax products, the costs of preparations for Phase II trials, the costs of expansion of manufacturing, and unanticipated developments. The extent of resources available to us will determine which programs can move forward and at what pace.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may result from the change in value of financial instruments due to fluctuations in its market price. Market risk is inherent in all financial instruments. Market risk may be exacerbated in times of trading illiquidity when market participants refrain from transacting in normal quantities and/or at normal bid-offer spreads. Our exposure to market risk is directly related to derivatives, debt and equity linked instruments related to our financing activities.

Our assets and liabilities are overwhelmingly denominated in U.S. dollars. We do not use foreign currency contracts or other derivative instruments to manage changes in currency rates. We do not now, nor do we plan to, use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. However, these circumstances might change.

The primary quantifiable market risk associated with our financial instruments is sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk represents the potential loss from adverse changes in market interest rates. We use an interest rate sensitivity simulation to assess our interest rate risk exposure. For purposes of presenting the possible earnings effect of a hypothetical, adverse change in interest rates over the 12-month period from our reporting date, we assume that all interest rate sensitive financial instruments will be impacted by a hypothetical, immediate 100 basis point increase in interest rates as of the beginning of the period. The sensitivity is based upon the hypothetical assumption that all relevant types of interest rates that affect our results would increase instantaneously, simultaneously and to the same degree. We do not believe that our cash and equivalents have significant risk of default or illiquidity.

The sensitivity analyses of the interest rate sensitive financial instruments are hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on a 1% or 2% variation in an estimate generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in the estimate to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular estimate on the fair value of financial instruments is calculated independent of changes in any other estimate; in practice, changes in one factor may result in changes in another factor, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities. In addition, the sensitivity analyses do not consider any action that we may take to mitigate the impact of any adverse changes in the key estimates.

Based on our analysis, as of June 30, 2022, the effect of a 100+/- basis point change in interest rates on the value of our financial instruments and the resultant effect on our net loss are considered immaterial.

26

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation as of June 30, 2022, of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such terms are defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based on this evaluation, management concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in internal control over financial reporting occurred during the most recent quarter with respect to our operations, which materially affected, or is reasonable likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

27

Part II - Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Derivative Lawsuits by Putative Stockholders

In February and March, three stockholders filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery three similar derivative lawsuits against the Company and certain of its directors and officers, including J. Cofer Black, Marnix L. Bosch, Alton L. Boynton, Leslie J. Goldman, Jerry Jasinowski, Navid Malik, and Linda F. Powers (the “Individual Defendants”), alleging the Individual Defendants (i) breached their fiduciary duties, and (ii) were unjustly enriched by director and officer compensation awarded to the Individual Defendants—notwithstanding the fact that approximately 90% of shareholders voted to approve of the Company’s executive compensation (the same compensation that these three stockholders are seeking to challenge) through its Say on Pay vote, and the director awards are subject to shareholder approval. On March 31, 2022, the Delaware Court of Chancery consolidated these actions into a single action under the caption In re Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. Stockholder Litigation (the “Derivative Action”).

The Company believes these cases are baseless, and intends to vigorously contest the Derivative Action.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Applicable risk factors are set forth in the Company’s report on Form 10-K for 2021.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not Applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not Applicable

Item 6. Exhibits

31.1	Certification of President (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer), Pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of President, Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Schema Document.
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document.

28

104 The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

*    Filed herewith

**  Furnished herewith

29

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC
Dated: August 9, 2022	By:	/s/ Linda F. Powers
		Name:	Linda F. Powers
		Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
			Principal Executive Officer
			Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

30

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Linda F. Powers, certify that:

(1) I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc.;

(2) Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4) I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15 (f)), for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5) I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 9, 2022
	By:	/s/ Linda F. Powers
		Name:	Linda F. Powers
		Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
			Principal Executive Officer
			Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Linda F. Powers, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: August 9, 2022
	By:	/s/ Linda F. Powers
		Name:	Linda F. Powers
		Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
			Principal Executive Officer
			Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Aug. 04, 2022
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2022
Entity File Number	001-35737
Entity Registrant Name	NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	94-3306718
Entity Address, Address Line One	4800 Montgomery Lane
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 800
Entity Address, City or Town	Bethesda
Entity Address, State or Province	MD
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	20814
City Area Code	240
Local Phone Number	497-9024
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Trading Symbol	NWBO
Security Exchange Name	NONE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		1,037,230,618
Entity Central Index Key	0001072379
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Amendment Flag	false

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 4,831	$ 15,169
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,347	2,121
Total current assets	7,178	17,290
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net	13,748	15,027
Right-of-use asset, net	4,335	4,889
Indefinite-lived intangible asset	1,292	1,292
Goodwill	626	626
Other assets	342	1,036
Total non-current assets	20,343	22,870
TOTAL ASSETS	27,521	40,160
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	8,370	6,976
Accounts payable and accrued expenses to related parties and affiliates	5,657	3,971
Convertible notes, net	135	135
Notes payable, net	9,858	7,104
Contingent payable derivative liability	8,123	8,232
Warrant liability	65,686	106,784
Lease liabilities	329	317
Shares payable		250
Total current liabilities	98,158	133,769
Non-current liabilities:
Notes payable, net of current portion, net	16,455	25,156
Lease liabilities, net of current portion	4,574	5,226
Total non-current liabilities	21,029	30,382
Total liabilities	119,187	164,151
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 10)
Stockholders' deficit:
Preferred stock ($0.001 par value); 100,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
Common stock ($0.001 par value); 1,200,000,000 shares authorized; 1,034.5 million and 948.4 million shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	1,034	948
Additional paid-in capital	1,139,811	1,066,873
Stock subscription receivable	(79)	(79)
Accumulated deficit	(1,235,972)	(1,192,090)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	3,540	357
Total stockholders' deficit	(91,666)	(123,991)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT	$ 27,521	$ 40,160

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred Stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	1,200,000,000	1,200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	1,034,500,000	948,400,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	1,034,500,000	948,400,000

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Revenues:
Research and other	$ 477	$ 416	$ 880	$ 655
Total revenues	477	416	880	655
Operating costs and expenses:
Research and development	13,645	5,451	18,465	12,374
General and administrative	7,931	7,372	15,800	20,258
Total operating costs and expenses	21,576	12,823	34,265	32,632
Loss from operations	(21,099)	(12,407)	(33,385)	(31,977)
Other income (expense):
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	(4,254)	17,500	(3,714)	35,063
Gain (loss) from extinguishment of debt	(110)	(136)	300	(144)
Interest expense	(1,432)	(807)	(3,335)	(2,254)
Foreign currency transaction loss	(2,773)	260	(3,748)	(401)
Total other income (loss)	(8,569)	16,817	(10,497)	32,264
Net income (loss)	(29,668)	4,410	(43,882)	287
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	2,375	(274)	3,183	350
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$ (27,293)	$ 4,136	$ (40,699)	$ 637
Net loss per share applicable to common stockholders Basic	$ (0.03)	$ 0.01	$ (0.04)	$ 0.00
Net loss per share applicable to common stockholders Diluted	$ (0.03)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.03)
Weighted average shares used in computing basic earnings (loss) per share	1,003,976	851,805	981,737	843,252
Weighted average shares used in computing diluted earnings (loss) per share	1,003,976	1,159,076	981,737	1,147,423

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Subscription Receivable	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 830	$ 1,008,665	$ (79)	$ (1,371,216)	$ (1,148)	$ (362,948)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	829,631,000
Issuance of common stock for cash		16				16
Issuance of common stock for cash ( in shares)	69,000
Issuance of common stock conversion of debt and accrued interest	$ 5	7,495				7,500
Issuance of common stock conversion of debt and accrued interest (in shares)	5,145,000
Warrants and stock options exercised for cash	$ 16	4,057				4,073
Warrants and stock options exercised for cash (in shares)	16,198,000
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash		11,394				11,394
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise	$ 6	(6)
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise (in shares)	6,139,000
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise		1,592				1,592
Stock-based compensation		13,442				13,442
Stock-based compensation (in shares)	48,000
Net income (loss)				287		287
Cumulative translation adjustment					350	350
Balance at Jun. 30, 2021	$ 857	1,021,107	(79)	(1,370,929)	(798)	(349,842)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2021	857,230,000
Reclassification of warrant liabilities based on authorized shares		(25,548)				(25,548)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 842	1,021,900	(79)	(1,375,339)	(524)	(353,200)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021	842,358,000
Issuance of common stock conversion of debt and accrued interest	$ 1	880				881
Issuance of common stock conversion of debt and accrued interest (in shares)	612,000
Warrants and stock options exercised for cash	$ 13	3,315				3,328
Warrants and stock options exercised for cash (in shares)	13,326,000
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash		8,459				8,459
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise	$ 1	(1)
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise (in shares)	934,000
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise		1,446				1,446
Stock-based compensation		3,551				3,551
Net income (loss)				4,410		4,410
Cumulative translation adjustment					(274)	(274)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2021	$ 857	1,021,107	(79)	(1,370,929)	(798)	(349,842)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2021	857,230,000
Reclassification of warrant liabilities based on authorized shares		(18,443)				(18,443)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 948	1,066,873	(79)	(1,192,090)	357	(123,991)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	948,445,000
Issuance of common stock for cash	$ 13	9,676				9,689
Issuance of common stock for cash ( in shares)	13,137,000
Warrants exercised for cash	$ 39	9,517				9,556
Warrants exercised for cash (in shares)	39,003,000
Issuance of common stock conversion of debt and accrued interest	$ 4	2,328				2,332
Issuance of common stock conversion of debt and accrued interest (in shares)	3,482,000
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash		19,688				19,688
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise	$ 29	(29)
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise (in shares)	28,903,000
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise		25,379				25,379
Stock-based compensation	$ 1	6,379				6,380
Stock-based compensation (in shares)	1,505,000
Net income (loss)				(43,882)		(43,882)
Cumulative translation adjustment					3,183	3,183
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 1,034	1,139,811	(79)	(1,235,972)	3,540	(91,666)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022	1,034,475,000
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 970	1,083,723	(79)	(1,206,304)	1,165	(120,525)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	969,697,000
Issuance of common stock for cash	$ 8	6,317				6,325
Issuance of common stock for cash ( in shares)	8,584,000
Warrants exercised for cash	$ 24	5,347				5,371
Warrants exercised for cash (in shares)	23,747,000
Issuance of common stock conversion of debt and accrued interest	$ 2	1,343				1,345
Issuance of common stock conversion of debt and accrued interest (in shares)	2,070,000
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash		11,973				11,973
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise	$ 29	(29)
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise (in shares)	28,877,000
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise		25,375				25,375
Stock-based compensation	$ 1	5,762				5,763
Stock-based compensation (in shares)	1,500,000
Net income (loss)				(29,668)		(29,668)
Cumulative translation adjustment					2,375	2,375
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 1,034	$ 1,139,811	$ (79)	$ (1,235,972)	$ 3,540	$ (91,666)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022	1,034,475,000

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$ (43,882)	$ 287
Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	624	145
Amortization of debt discount	1,509	1,357
Change in fair value of derivatives	3,714	(35,063)
(Gain) loss from extinguishment of debt	(300)	144
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset	121	149
Stock-based compensation for services	6,380	13,369
Subtotal of non-cash charges	12,048	(19,899)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(286)	992
Other non-current assets	660	(218)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,533	1,424
Related party accounts payable and accrued expenses	2,056	(2,645)
Lease liabilities	63	19
Net cash used in operating activities	(27,808)	(20,040)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of equipment and construction in progress	(466)	(1,771)
Net cash used in investing activities	(466)	(1,771)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net	9,465	16
Proceeds from exercise of warrants and stock options	9,556	4,073
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net	600	12,288
Repayment of notes payable	(5,290)	(835)
Net cash provided by financing activities	14,331	15,542
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	3,605	44
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(10,338)	(6,225)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period	15,169	9,983
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period	4,831	3,758
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise	29	6
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	19,688	11,394
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	25,379	1,592
Reclassification of warrant liabilities based on authorized shares		25,548
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	2,229	7,487
Reclassification between shares payable and equity	250
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable	49	592
Convertible notes payable
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments on notes payable	$ (876)	$ (174)

XML

Organization and Description of Business

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Organization and Description of Business

Organization and Description of Business

1. Organization and Description of Business

Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries Flaskworks L.L.C., NW Bio GmbH, Aracaris Ltd, Aracaris Capital, Ltd, and Northwest Biotherapeutics B.V. (collectively, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our”) were organized to discover and develop innovative immunotherapies for cancer. The Company has developed DCVax® platform technologies for both operable and inoperable solid tumor cancers. The Company is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland and has wholly owned subsidiaries in the U.K., in the Netherlands, and in Boston, Massachusetts.

The Company relies upon contract manufacturers for production of its DCVax products, research and development services, distribution and logistics, and related services, in compliance with the Company’s specifications and the applicable regulatory requirements.

XML

Financial Condition, Going Concern and Management Plans

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Financial Condition, Going Concern and Management Plans

Financial Condition, Going Concern and Management Plans

2. Financial Condition, Going Concern and Management Plans

The Company has incurred annual net operating losses since its inception. The Company had a net loss of $43.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Company used approximately $27.8 million of cash in its operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

The Company does not expect to generate material revenue in the near future from the sale of products and is subject to all of the risks and uncertainties that are typically faced by biotechnology companies that devote substantially all of their efforts to research and development (“R&D”) and clinical trials and do not yet have commercial products. The Company expects to continue incurring annual losses for the foreseeable future. The Company’s existing liquidity is not sufficient to fund its operations, anticipated capital expenditures, working capital and other financing requirements until the Company reaches significant revenues. Until that time, the Company will need to obtain additional equity and/or debt financing, especially if the Company experiences downturns in its business that are more severe or longer than anticipated, or if the Company experiences significant increases in expense levels resulting from being a publicly-traded company or from expansion of operations. If the Company attempts to obtain additional equity or debt financing, the Company cannot assume that such financing will be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all.

Because of recurring operating losses and operating cash flow deficits, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of this filing. The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

As previously reported, coronavirus-related difficulties have impacted most aspects of the database lock and the process of analyzing the Phase III trial results, especially with the successive waves of COVID-19 cases in many areas. The independent service firms have had limited capacity, and restrictions on operations. Key experts at certain specialized service providers have been unavailable for periods of time due to illness in their family. Other experts have gone on extended leave due to restrictions on operations. Clinical trial sites have not allowed personnel from the contract research organization managing the trial, or other service providers, to visit the sites for trial matters such as data monitoring and collection activities. Clinical trial site personnel have been unavailable due to being reassigned for COVID-19, and the limited site personnel have had to work under restrictions. Committee processes and regulatory processes have been similarly focused on COVID-19 matters and delayed on other matters. Firms such as the ones storing the Phase III trial tissue samples that are needed for certain analyses, and the firms conducting the analyses have had only limited operations. Even logistical matters such as the shipping of materials have been subjected to substantial restrictions and delays.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2022, condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ deficit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any future interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021 has been derived from audited financial statements; however, it does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K (the “2021 Annual Report”), which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2022.

Use of Estimates

In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in these estimates.

On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and judgments, including valuing equity securities in share-based payment arrangements, estimating the fair value of financial instruments recorded as derivative liabilities, useful lives of depreciable assets and whether impairment charges may apply. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates, particularly given the significant social and economic disruptions and uncertainties associated with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) and the COVID-19 control responses.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the 2021 Annual Report.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options

In May 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (for example, warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. This ASU provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another Topic. It specifically addresses: (1) how an entity should treat a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; (2) how an entity should measure the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; and (3) how an entity should recognize the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange. This ASU will be effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. An entity should apply the amendments prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted this standard without any material impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures.

Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, ASC Subtopic 820 “Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions”. The FASB is issuing this Update (1) to clarify the guidance in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security, (2) to amend a related illustrative example, and (3) to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with Topic 820.

For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance.

The Company is still evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on the consolidated financial statements.

XML

Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

4. Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with ASC 820 (Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures), the Company uses various inputs to measure the outstanding warrants and certain embedded conversion feature associated with convertible debt on a recurring basis to determine the fair value of the liability. ASC 820 also establishes a hierarchy categorizing inputs into three levels used to measure and disclose fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. An explanation of each level in the hierarchy is described below:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments that are accessible by the Company on the measurement date

Level 2 - Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are either directly or indirectly observable

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the instrument requiring the development of assumptions by the Company

The following table classifies the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

	Fair value measured at June 30, 2022
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	June 30, 2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	65,686	$	—	$	—	$	65,686
Embedded redemption option		1,033		—		—		1,033
Contingent payable derivative liability		8,123		—		—		8,123
Total fair value	$	74,842	$	—	$	—	$	74,842

	Fair value measured at December 31, 2021
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	December 31, 2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	106,784	$	—	$	—	$	106,784
Embedded redemption option		988		—		—		988
Contingent payable derivative liability		8,232		—		—		8,232
Total fair value	$	116,004	$	—	$	—	$	116,004

There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 during the six-month period ended June 30, 2022.

The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the six-month period ended June 30, 2022. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. Unrealized gains and losses associated with liabilities within the Level 3 category include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long- dated volatilities) inputs (in thousands).

	Warrant		Embedded		Contingent Payable
	Liability		Redemption Option		Derivative Liability		Total
Balance - January 1, 2022	$	106,784	$	988	$	8,232	$	116,004
Additional warrant liability		184		7		—		191
Reclassification of warrant liabilities		(45,067)		—		—		(45,067)
Change in fair value		3,785		38		(109)		3,714
Balance – June 30, 2022	$	65,686	$	1,033	$	8,123	$	74,842

A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring the Company’s warrant liabilities and embedded conversion feature that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows:

	As of June 30, 2022
	Warrant			Contingent Payable
	Liability			Derivative Liability
Strike price	$	0.31		$	0.63	*
Contractual term (years)		1.4			1.5
Volatility (annual)		82	%		84	%
Risk-free rate		2.2	%		2.7	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%

	As of December 31, 2021
	Warrant			Contingent Payable
	Liability			Derivative Liability
Strike price	$	0.30		$	0.70	*
Contractual term (years)		1.0			1.6
Volatility (annual)		90	%		72	%
Risk-free rate		0.1	%		0.6	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%

* Contingent based on current stock price as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

XML

Stock-based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based Compensation

5. Stock-based Compensation

The following table summarizes total amounts of stock-based compensation that were expensed during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands). The related party amounts were for milestone incentives that are deemed probable to be achieved in the future and become payable at that time; only $0.5 million was paid during the three months ended June 30, 2022.

	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Research and development	$	641	$	2,553	$	1,151	$	6,242
Research and development - related party		5,340		—		5,340		—
General and administrative		(218)		998		(111)		7,127
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	5,763	$	3,551	$	6,380	$	13,369

During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company reversed approximately $0.9 million and $0.3 million of stock-based compensation expense in research and development and general and administrative, respectively, which were related to the cancellation of certain unvested performance-based awards.

The Black-Scholes option pricing model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted. The weighted average assumptions used in calculating the fair values of stock options that were granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022 was as follows:

	For the six months
	ended
	June 30, 2022
Exercise price	$	0.65
Expected term (years)		3.9
Expected stock price volatility		99	%
Risk-free rate		3.3	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

The total unrecognized compensation cost was approximately $9.6 million as of June 30, 2022 and will be recognized over the next 1.5 years.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the Company’s option plans during the six months ended June 30, 2022 (amount in thousands, except per share number):

				Weighted Average
		Weighted		Remaining
	Number of	Average		Contractual Life	Total Intrinsic
	Shares	Exercise Price		(in years)	Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	304,847	$	0.33	8.0	$	114,803
Granted(1)	8,005		0.65	7.2
Cashless exercised	(3,286)		0.49
Forfeited/expired	(54)		11.20
Outstanding as of June 30, 2022	309,512	$	0.34	7.5	$	92,895
Options vested (2)	286,047	$	0.33	7.5	$	87,730

(1) Awards granted to Flaskworks employees and consultants.

(2) Approximately 236.6 million options are not exercisable until at least August 31, 2022.

Ms. Linda Powers, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Leslie Goldman, the Company’s Senior Vice President, are subject to an agreement under which they cannot exercise any options or warrants except upon at least 61 days’ prior notice.

Restricted Stock Awards

During April 2022, the Company’s Board approved and the Company entered into a Statement of Work #6 (the “SOW 6”) with Advent BioServices for five workstreams that are prerequisites for an application for regulatory approval of DCVax-L, for drafting of key portions of the application and for three required licenses for the Sawston facility. The SOW provides for baseline costs and for milestone incentives for successful completion of each of the workstreams, the completion of the application and regulatory acceptance of the submission, and regulatory approval of each of the three licenses. The milestone incentives will be a combination of cash and stock, and will not be paid until they are achieved. If all of the milestones are achieved for the 5 workstreams that are prerequisites for an application for product approval, for the application itself and regulatory acceptance of the submission, and for all 3 licenses required for the Sawston facility, the aggregate stock based compensation under SOW 6 will be 12.5 million shares (including the 1.5 millions shares already earned by obtaining the first 2 of the 3 required licenses for the Sawston facility). Such 12.5 million shares had an aggregate fair value on the grant date (effective date) of SOW 6 of $11.8 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized and expensed an aggregate of $3.8 million related to the cash component of certain milestones and $5.3 million related to the stock

component of such milestones, in anticipation that it is probable the milestones will be achieved and earned in the future. The amounts recognized and expensed during the three months ended June 30, 2022, included $1.5 million cash payable (of which $0.5 million was paid) and 1.5 million shares for milestones met and hence vested, and the pro rata portion of other milestones that are expected to be achieved and become payable in the future. These amounts are only payable if and when the relevant milestones are met. The 1.5 million shares that were issued were for the milestones that had been met by the regulatory approvals of two of the licenses required for the Sawston facility.

XML

Notes Payable

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Notes Payable

Notes Payable

6. Notes Payable

The following two tables summarize outstanding debt as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (amount in thousands):

		Stated									Embedded
		Interest			Conversion				Remaining		Redemption		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Debt Discount		Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured	Due		6	%	$	3.09	$	135	$	—	$	—	$	135
								135		—		—		135
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured	Various		8	%		N/A		5,503		(277)		—		5,226
9% unsecured	Various		9	%		N/A		3,932		(10)		7		3,929
12% unsecured	On Demand		12	%		N/A		703		—		—		703
								10,138		(287)		7		9,858
Long term notes payable
8% unsecured	9/22/2023		8	%		N/A		16,505		(2,202)		1,026		15,329
6% secured	3/25/2025		6	%		N/A		1,126		—		—		1,126
								17,631		(2,202)		1,026		16,455
Ending balance as of June 30, 2022							$	27,904	$	(2,489)	$	1,033	$	26,448

		Stated									Embedded
		Interest			Conversion				Remaining		Redemption		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Debt Discount		Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured	Due		6	%	$	3.09	$	135	$	—	$	—	$	135
								135		—		—		135
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured	Various		8	%		N/A		2,320		(118)		—		2,202
9% unsecured	Various		9	%		N/A		4,232		(80)		47		4,199
12% unsecured	On Demand		12	%		N/A		703		—		—		703
								7,255		(198)		47		7,104
Long term notes payable
1% unsecured(10)	Various		1	%		N/A		433		—		—		433
8% unsecured	9/22/2023		8	%		N/A		25,938		(3,638)		941		23,241
6% secured	3/25/2025		6	%		N/A		1,482		—		—		1,482
								27,853		(3,638)		941		25,156
Ending balance as of June 30, 2022							$	35,243	$	(3,836)	$	988	$	32,395

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company entered into multiple four-month note agreements (the “Notes”) with various individual lenders (the “Holders”) with an aggregate principal amount of $0.6 million for net proceeds of $0.6 million. The Notes have a 9% interest rate, a 5% original issue discount (“OID”), and contain a conditional right to independently purchase shares from the Company in a future raise of Capital (the “Piggy-back Right”), under which the Company agrees that if it (i) publicly releases top line data from the Phase III trial of its DCVax®-L vaccine (such eventuality, the “Release”) and (ii) consummates the first offering of its common stock following such Release (the “Next Offering”), then Holder shall have the conditional right, at its sole option, typically exercisable within seven (7) days following the Next Offering, to independently purchase from the Company up to a number of shares

equal in value to (a) 50% of the principal amount of the loan, (b) 50% of the value of the exercised warrant shares, and (c) exchange some or all of the outstanding loan amount for a variable number of shares (the “Contingent Rights”). The Contingent Right (a) and (b) above shall be priced at a 12% discount from the Next Offering, resulting in either an elimination of, or a reduced cash amount repayable under the loan agreement. The Company accounted for the Contingent Right (a) and (b) as a freestanding financial instrument, which was classified as a liability at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet with changes in fair value recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Company accounted for the Contingent Right (c) as an embedded derivative liability at fair value, which requires it to be bifurcated, with changes in fair value recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company issued approximately 3.5 million shares of common stock at fair value of $2.3 million to certain lenders in lieu of cash payments. The Company recognized approximately $0.1 million debt extinguishment loss.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company made aggregate cash payments of $6.2 million on notes payable, including $0.9 million of interest payment.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company entered into multiple note extension agreements whereby the maturity date of the notes was extended for additional 2-4 months.

The Company received two loans under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act’s Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) in 2021 for the amount of $0.4 million. On February 22, 2022, the PPP loans were approved for forgiveness. The Company recorded approximately $0.4 million debt extinguishment gain from the forgiveness of these PPP loans.

For the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, interest expense related to notes payable totaled approximately $1.4 million and $0.7 million including amortization of debt discounts totaling $0.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, interest expense related to notes payable totaled approximately $3.3 million and $2.1 million including amortization of debt discounts totaling $1.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

XML

Net Earnings (Loss) per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Net Earnings (Loss) per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

Net Earnings (Loss) per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

7. Net Earnings (Loss) per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share is computed similar to basic earnings (loss) per common share except that it reflects the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. Diluted weighted average common shares include common stock potentially issuable under the Company’s convertible notes, warrants and vested and unvested stock options.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, net income is adjusted for gain from change in fair value of warrant liabilities.

The following table sets forth the computation of earnings (loss) per share (amounts in thousands):

	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net earnings (loss) - basic	$	(29,668)	$	4,410	$	(43,882)	$	287
Reversal of gain due to change in fair value of warrant liability		—		(17,500)		—		(35,063)
Net loss - diluted		(29,668)		(13,090)		(43,882)		(34,776)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		1,003,976		851,805		981,737		843,252
Diluted shares- Options		—		51,547		—		48,774
Diluted shares- Warrants		—		255,650		—		255,323
Convertible notes and interest		—		74		—		74
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		1,003,976		1,159,076		981,737		1,147,423

The following securities were not included in the diluted net earnings (loss) per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive as of the periods presented (in thousands):

	For the six months ended
	June 30,
	2022	2021
Common stock options	309,512	257,005
Common stock warrants	153,110	56,712
Convertible notes and accrued interest	76	—
Potentially dilutive securities	462,698	313,717

XML

Related Party Transactions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

8. Related Party Transactions

Advent BioServices Agreement

The Company has a Manufacturing Services Agreement with Advent BioServices (“Advent”) for the manufacture of DCVax-L products at an existing facility in London, as previously reported. The Company also has an Ancillary Services Agreement with Advent, which establishes a structure under which Advent submits Statements of Work (“SOWs”) for activities related to the development of the Sawston facility and the compassionate use activities in the UK, as previously reported. The Ancillary Services Agreement had an original term of eight months, which ended in July 2020. The Company extended the term by 12 months to July 2021 and another 12 months to July 2022, with no other changes, and recently extended it for another 12 months to July 2023.

During April 2022, the Company's Board approved and the Company entered into a Statement of Work #6 (the "SOW 6") with Advent BioServices for five workstreams that are prerequisites for an application for regulatory approval of DCVax-L, for drafting of key portions of the application and for three required licenses for the Sawston facility. The SOW provides for baseline costs and for milestone incentives for successful completion of each of the workstreams, for the completion of the application and regulatory acceptance of the submission, and for regulatory approval of each of the licenses. The milestone incentives will be a combination of cash and stock, and will not be paid until they are achieved and earned. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, in anticipation that it is probable the milestones will be achieved and earned over the course of the contract period, the Company recognized and expensed an aggregate of $3.8 million (but only paid $0.5 million) related to the cash component of the anticipated milestones, and the Company recognized and expensed $5.3 million related to the stock component of the anticipated milestones (but only issued 1.5 million shares). The 1.5 million shares issued were for the milestones that had been met by the regulatory approvals of two of the licenses required for the Sawston facility.

Advent BioServices Sublease Agreement

On December 31, 2021, the Company entered into a Sub-lease Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Advent. The Agreement permits use by Advent of a portion of the space in the Sawston facility which is leased by the Company under a separate head lease with a different counterparty (Huawei) that commenced on December 14, 2018. The Company subleased approximately 14,459 square feet of the 88,000 square foot building interior space, plus corresponding exterior support space and parking. The lease payments amount under the Agreement are two times the £5.75 (approximate $7.76 per square foot based on exchange rate as of December 31, 2021) rate per square foot payable under the head lease, but subject to a cap of $10 per square foot. Accordingly, the monthly lease payments under the Sublease are calculated based on $144,590 annually for 2022. The total lease payments paid by the Company for the facility, exterior spaces and parking under the head lease are 500,000 pounds per year. The term of the Agreement shall end on the same date as the head lease term ends.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized sub-lease income of $37,000 and $73,000, respectively.

Related Party Expenses and Accounts Payable

During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company capitalized $28,000 and $1.4 million costs, invoiced by Advent, related to the Sawston facility buildout.

The following table summarizes outstanding unpaid accounts payable and accrued expenses held by related parties as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (amount in thousands). These unpaid amounts include part of the expenses reported in the above section. The 2021 balance also included certain expenses incurred in prior periods.

	June 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Advent BioServices – amount invoiced	$	1,407	$	3,046
Advent BioServices – amount accrued		3,350		—
Accounts payable and accrued expenses to Advent BioServices	$	4,757	$	3,046

As of June 30, 2022, there was approximately $0.9 million of unpaid Board compensation that was also included in the accounts payable to related party on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

XML

Stockholders' Deficit

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Stockholders' Deficit

Stockholders' Deficit

9. Stockholders’ Deficit

Common Stock

Common Stock Issued for Cash

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company received $9.5 million from issuance of 13.1 million shares of common stock to various investors.

Warrants Exercised for Cash

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company received $9.6 million from the exercise of warrants issued in the past with an exercise price between $0.18 and $0.70. The Company issued approximately 39.0 million shares of common stock upon these warrant exercises.

Warrants and Options Cashless Exercise

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, certain warrant holders elected to exercise some of their warrants pursuant to cashless exercise formulas. The Company issued approximately 26.8 million shares of common stock for exercise of 31.6 million warrants at an exercise price between $0.18 and $0.52.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, certain options holders elected to exercise some of their options pursuant to cashless exercise formulas. The Company issued approximately 2.1 million shares of common stock for exercise of 3.3 million warrants at an exercise price between $0.25 and $0.34.

Stock Purchase Warrants

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

	Number of	Weighted Average		Remaining
	Warrants	Exercise Price		Contractual Term
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	225,469	$	0.30	0.96
Warrants exercised for cash	(39,004)		0.25
Cashless warrrants exercise	(31,645)		0.22
Warrants expired and cancellation	(1,710)		1.64
Outstanding as of June 30, 2022	153,110	$	0.31	1.40

The options and warrants held by Ms. Powers and Mr. Goldman are subject to an ongoing suspension on a rolling basis pursuant to the Blocker Letter. In addition, other executive officers and directors extended their suspensions to various dates until at least August 31, 2022.

At June 30, 2022, of the 153 million total outstanding warrants listed above, approximately 142 million warrants were under block or suspension agreements.

At August 1, 2022, a total of approximately 141 million warrants were under block or suspension until between August 15, 2022 and December 15, 2022.

XML

Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease- Lessee Arrangements

The Company has operating leases for corporate offices in the U.S. and U.K., and for manufacturing facilities in the U.K. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded in the balance sheet. The Company has elected the practical expedient to account for each separate lease component of a contract and its associated non-lease components as a single lease component, thus causing all fixed payments to be capitalized. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which among other things, allows the Company to carry forward historical lease classification. The lease renewal options have not been included in the calculation of the lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets as the Company has not yet determined whether to exercise the options. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease such as increases in lease payments based on changes in index rates or usage, are not included in the ROU assets or liabilities. These are expensed as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense.

At June 30, 2022, the Company had operating lease liabilities of approximately $4.9 million for both the 20-year lease of the building for the manufacturing facility in Sawston, U.K., and the current office lease in the U.S. ROU assets of approximately $4.3 million for the Sawston lease and U.S. office lease are included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The following summarizes quantitative information about the Company’s operating leases (amount in thousands):

	For the Six Months ended
	June 30, 2022
	U.K			U.S			Total
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	309		$	130		$	439
Short-term lease cost		34			—			34
Variable lease cost		—			12			12
Sub-lease income		(73)			—			(73)
Total	$	270		$	142		$	412
Other information
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(325)		$	(144)		$	(469)
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases		8.7			1.5
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		12	%		12	%

	For the Six Months ended
	June 30, 2021
	U.K			U.S			Total
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	330		$	147		$	477
Short-term lease cost		25			—			25
Variable lease cost		48			5			53
Total	$	403		$	152		$	555
Other information
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(347)		$	(84)		$	(431)
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases		8.6			2.1
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		12	%		12	%

The Company recorded lease costs as a component of general and administrative expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Maturities of our operating leases, excluding short-term leases and sublease agreement, are as follows:

Six months ended December 31, 2022	$	450
Year ended December 31, 2023		906
Year ended December 31, 2024		812
Year ended December 31, 2025		607
Year ended December 31, 2026		607
Thereafter		7,269
Total		10,651
Less present value discount		(5,748)
Operating lease liabilities included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2022	$	4,903

Maturities of our operating leases under the sublease agreement, based on the current exchange rate, are as follows:

Six months ended December 31, 2022	$	72
Year ended December 31, 2023		145
Year ended December 31, 2024		145
Year ended December 31, 2025		145
Year ended December 31, 2026		145
Thereafter		1,740
Total	$	2,392

Manufacturing Services Agreements

Advent BioServices

On May 14, 2018, the Company entered into a DCVax®-L Manufacturing and Services Agreement (“MSA”) with Advent BioServices, a related party which was formerly part of Cognate BioServices and was spun off separately as part of an institutional financing of Cognate. The Advent Agreement provides for manufacturing of DCVax-L products at an existing facility in London. The Agreement is structured in the same manner as the Company’s prior agreements with Cognate BioServices. The Advent Agreement provided for a program initiation payment of approximately $1.0 million (which was fully paid in 2018), in connection with technology transfer and operations to the U.K. from Germany, development of new Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the London facility, selection of new suppliers and auditing for GMP compliance, and other preparatory activities. The Advent Agreement provides for certain payments for achievement of milestones and, as was the case under the prior agreement with Cognate BioServices, the Company is required to pay certain fees for dedicated production capacity reserved exclusively for DCVax production and pay for manufacturing of DCVax-L products for a certain minimum number of patients, whether or not the Company fully utilizes the dedicated capacity and number of patients. Either party may terminate the MSA on twelve months’ notice, to allow for transition arrangements by both parties.

On November 8, 2019, the Company and Advent entered into an Ancillary Services Agreement with an 8-month Term for U.K. Facility Development Activities and Compassionate Use Program Activities. The Ancillary Services Agreement establishes a structure under which Advent develops Statements of Work (“SOWs”) for the U.K. Facility Development Activities and Compassionate Use Program Activities and delivers those SOWs to the Company for review and approval. After an SOW is approved by the Company, Advent will proceed with or continue the applicable services and will invoice the Company pursuant to the SOW. Since both the U.K. Facility Development and the Compassionate Use Program involve pioneering and uncertainties in most aspects, the invoicing under the Ancillary Services Agreement is on the basis of costs incurred plus fifteen percent. The Agreement may also cover agreement by the parties and SOWs for operational milestones and related payments. The Ancillary Services Agreement had an original term of eight months, which ended in July 2020. The Company extended the term by 12 months to July 2021 and another 12 months to July 2022, with no other changes, and recently extended it for another 12 months to July 2023.

During April 2022, the Company entered into a Statement of Work #6 (the “SOW 6”) with Advent to be incorporated into the Ancillary Services Agreement. SOW 6 provides for five workstreams that are prerequisites for an application for regulatory approval of DCVax-L, for drafting of key portions of the application and for three required licenses for the Sawston facility. The SOW provides for baseline costs and for milestone incentives for successful completion of each of the workstreams, for the completion of the application and regulatory acceptance of the submission, and for regulatory approval of each of the licenses. The milestone incentives will be a combination of cash and stock, and will not be paid until they are achieved and earned, as described in Note 8. Related Parties Transactions above.

German Tax Matter

The German tax authorities have audited our wholly owned subsidiary, NW Bio GmbH, for 2013-2015. The NW Bio GmbH submitted substantial documentation to refute certain aspects of the assessments and the German tax authorities agreed in principle with the Company’s proposed revised approach and settlement offer. A final settlement bill was received from the German Tax Authority confirming that only a portion of the original bill was owed, €277,000 (approximately $329,000), for corporate taxes, interest, and reduced penalty for the period under audit, which the Company paid on September 2, 2021. The Company also received and paid the final settlement bill from the local authority for trade taxes for the audit period in the amount of €231,000 (approximately $272,000). On November 4, 2021, the Company received a letter from the local tax authorities asking for additional late fees of €513,000 (now approximately $535,000) on reimbursable withholding taxes that had been waived during the settlement process. On December 8, 2021, the Company appealed the assessment of additional late fees. Additionally, the Company requested that NW Bio GmbH be deregistered from the trade register, as it no longer had current operations. The deregistration was granted effective December 31, 2021. Between January 2022 and July 2022, the Company received tax bills for the corporate and trade taxes for the 2016-2020 tax years that totaled approximately €222,000 (approximately $232,000). On July 27, 2022, we were informed that the German Tax Authorities were prepared to waive €135,000 (approximately $141,000) of the penalties. The Company is currently assessing its options and response. The Company currently has €370,000 (approximately $386,000) accrued as of June 30, 2022. Based on the Company’s current operating state in Germany and the negotiations, the Company concludes based on its evaluation under ASC 740, that the resolution of these tax matters will not likely result in a net material charge to the Company.

XML

Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

11. Subsequent Events

Certificate of Elimination of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock

On July 20, 2022, the Company filed a Certificate of Elimination with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware with respect to the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock pursuant to which both series were eliminated and returned to the status of authorized and unissued preferred shares of the Company, as there are no Series A or Series B Preferred shares outstanding.

Certificate of Designation of Series C Preferred Stock

Also on July 20, 2022, the Company filed the Certificate of Designations for Series C Preferred Stock (the “Series C Certificate of Designations”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, setting forth the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock. The Series C Certificate of Designations, effective as of July 20, 2022, that was created out of the authorized and unissued shares of preferred stock of the Company the Series C Preferred Stock, provides for 10,000,000 shares, par value $0.001 per share, and establishes the rights, preferences and privileges of the Series C.

Financing

During July 2022, the Company entered into various Subscription Agreements (the “Series C Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors (the “Series C Investors”). Pursuant to the Series C Subscription Agreements, the Company is issuing to the Series C Investors an aggregate of 299,858 shares of the Company’s Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series C Shares”), at a purchase price between $15.75 and $16.00 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $4.7 million. Pursuant to some of the Series C Subscription Agreements, the Company also made approximately $2.0 million partial debt repayment. The Company received approximately $2.7 million net proceeds from the July financing.

Each Series C Shares will be convertible at the option of the holder, only after the convertibility date as defined in the Series C Subscription Agreements, into a total of 25 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share.

Debt Redemption

In July 2022, the Company issued approximately 2.8 million shares of common stock to certain lenders in lieu of cash payments on $1.7 million outstanding debt.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2022, condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ deficit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any future interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021 has been derived from audited financial statements; however, it does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K (the “2021 Annual Report”), which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2022.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in these estimates.

On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and judgments, including valuing equity securities in share-based payment arrangements, estimating the fair value of financial instruments recorded as derivative liabilities, useful lives of depreciable assets and whether impairment charges may apply. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates, particularly given the significant social and economic disruptions and uncertainties associated with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) and the COVID-19 control responses.

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the 2021 Annual Report.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options

In May 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (for example, warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. This ASU provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another Topic. It specifically addresses: (1) how an entity should treat a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; (2) how an entity should measure the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; and (3) how an entity should recognize the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange. This ASU will be effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. An entity should apply the amendments prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted this standard without any material impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures.

Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, ASC Subtopic 820 “Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions”. The FASB is issuing this Update (1) to clarify the guidance in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security, (2) to amend a related illustrative example, and (3) to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with Topic 820.

For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance.

The Company is still evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on the consolidated financial statements.

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Fair Value Measurements

Schedule of fair value assets and liabilities measured on recurring basis

The following table classifies the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

	Fair value measured at June 30, 2022
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	June 30, 2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	65,686	$	—	$	—	$	65,686
Embedded redemption option		1,033		—		—		1,033
Contingent payable derivative liability		8,123		—		—		8,123
Total fair value	$	74,842	$	—	$	—	$	74,842

	Fair value measured at December 31, 2021
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	December 31, 2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	106,784	$	—	$	—	$	106,784
Embedded redemption option		988		—		—		988
Contingent payable derivative liability		8,232		—		—		8,232
Total fair value	$	116,004	$	—	$	—	$	116,004

Schedule of Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation

The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the six-month period ended June 30, 2022. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. Unrealized gains and losses associated with liabilities within the Level 3 category include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long- dated volatilities) inputs (in thousands).

	Warrant		Embedded		Contingent Payable
	Liability		Redemption Option		Derivative Liability		Total
Balance - January 1, 2022	$	106,784	$	988	$	8,232	$	116,004
Additional warrant liability		184		7		—		191
Reclassification of warrant liabilities		(45,067)		—		—		(45,067)
Change in fair value		3,785		38		(109)		3,714
Balance – June 30, 2022	$	65,686	$	1,033	$	8,123	$	74,842

Schedule of Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques

A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring the Company’s warrant liabilities and embedded conversion feature that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows:

	As of June 30, 2022
	Warrant			Contingent Payable
	Liability			Derivative Liability
Strike price	$	0.31		$	0.63	*
Contractual term (years)		1.4			1.5
Volatility (annual)		82	%		84	%
Risk-free rate		2.2	%		2.7	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%

	As of December 31, 2021
	Warrant			Contingent Payable
	Liability			Derivative Liability
Strike price	$	0.30		$	0.70	*
Contractual term (years)		1.0			1.6
Volatility (annual)		90	%		72	%
Risk-free rate		0.1	%		0.6	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%

* Contingent based on current stock price as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

XML

Stock-based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Stock-based Compensation

Schedule of stock based compensation

The following table summarizes total amounts of stock-based compensation that were expensed during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands). The related party amounts were for milestone incentives that are deemed probable to be achieved in the future and become payable at that time; only $0.5 million was paid during the three months ended June 30, 2022.

	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Research and development	$	641	$	2,553	$	1,151	$	6,242
Research and development - related party		5,340		—		5,340		—
General and administrative		(218)		998		(111)		7,127
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	5,763	$	3,551	$	6,380	$	13,369

Schedule of weighted average assumptions for stock options modification

	For the six months
	ended
	June 30, 2022
Exercise price	$	0.65
Expected term (years)		3.9
Expected stock price volatility		99	%
Risk-free rate		3.3	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

Schedule of stock option activity

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the Company’s option plans during the six months ended June 30, 2022 (amount in thousands, except per share number):

				Weighted Average
		Weighted		Remaining
	Number of	Average		Contractual Life	Total Intrinsic
	Shares	Exercise Price		(in years)	Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	304,847	$	0.33	8.0	$	114,803
Granted(1)	8,005		0.65	7.2
Cashless exercised	(3,286)		0.49
Forfeited/expired	(54)		11.20
Outstanding as of June 30, 2022	309,512	$	0.34	7.5	$	92,895
Options vested (2)	286,047	$	0.33	7.5	$	87,730

(1) Awards granted to Flaskworks employees and consultants.

(2) Approximately 236.6 million options are not exercisable until at least August 31, 2022.

XML

Notes Payable (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Notes Payable

Schedule of outstanding debt

The following two tables summarize outstanding debt as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (amount in thousands):

		Stated									Embedded
		Interest			Conversion				Remaining		Redemption		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Debt Discount		Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured	Due		6	%	$	3.09	$	135	$	—	$	—	$	135
								135		—		—		135
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured	Various		8	%		N/A		5,503		(277)		—		5,226
9% unsecured	Various		9	%		N/A		3,932		(10)		7		3,929
12% unsecured	On Demand		12	%		N/A		703		—		—		703
								10,138		(287)		7		9,858
Long term notes payable
8% unsecured	9/22/2023		8	%		N/A		16,505		(2,202)		1,026		15,329
6% secured	3/25/2025		6	%		N/A		1,126		—		—		1,126
								17,631		(2,202)		1,026		16,455
Ending balance as of June 30, 2022							$	27,904	$	(2,489)	$	1,033	$	26,448

		Stated									Embedded
		Interest			Conversion				Remaining		Redemption		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Debt Discount		Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured	Due		6	%	$	3.09	$	135	$	—	$	—	$	135
								135		—		—		135
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured	Various		8	%		N/A		2,320		(118)		—		2,202
9% unsecured	Various		9	%		N/A		4,232		(80)		47		4,199
12% unsecured	On Demand		12	%		N/A		703		—		—		703
								7,255		(198)		47		7,104
Long term notes payable
1% unsecured(10)	Various		1	%		N/A		433		—		—		433
8% unsecured	9/22/2023		8	%		N/A		25,938		(3,638)		941		23,241
6% secured	3/25/2025		6	%		N/A		1,482		—		—		1,482
								27,853		(3,638)		941		25,156
Ending balance as of June 30, 2022							$	35,243	$	(3,836)	$	988	$	32,395

XML

Net Earnings (Loss) per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Net Earnings (Loss) per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

Schedule of computation of earnings (loss) per share

The following table sets forth the computation of earnings (loss) per share (amounts in thousands):

	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net earnings (loss) - basic	$	(29,668)	$	4,410	$	(43,882)	$	287
Reversal of gain due to change in fair value of warrant liability		—		(17,500)		—		(35,063)
Net loss - diluted		(29,668)		(13,090)		(43,882)		(34,776)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		1,003,976		851,805		981,737		843,252
Diluted shares- Options		—		51,547		—		48,774
Diluted shares- Warrants		—		255,650		—		255,323
Convertible notes and interest		—		74		—		74
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		1,003,976		1,159,076		981,737		1,147,423

Schedule of antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share

The following securities were not included in the diluted net earnings (loss) per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive as of the periods presented (in thousands):

	For the six months ended
	June 30,
	2022	2021
Common stock options	309,512	257,005
Common stock warrants	153,110	56,712
Convertible notes and accrued interest	76	—
Potentially dilutive securities	462,698	313,717

XML

Related Party Transactions (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Related Party Transactions

Schedule of outstanding unpaid accounts payable held by related parties

The following table summarizes outstanding unpaid accounts payable and accrued expenses held by related parties as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (amount in thousands). These unpaid amounts include part of the expenses reported in the above section. The 2021 balance also included certain expenses incurred in prior periods.

	June 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Advent BioServices – amount invoiced	$	1,407	$	3,046
Advent BioServices – amount accrued		3,350		—
Accounts payable and accrued expenses to Advent BioServices	$	4,757	$	3,046

XML

Stockholders' Deficit (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Stockholders' Deficit

Schedule of warrant activity

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

	Number of	Weighted Average		Remaining
	Warrants	Exercise Price		Contractual Term
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	225,469	$	0.30	0.96
Warrants exercised for cash	(39,004)		0.25
Cashless warrrants exercise	(31,645)		0.22
Warrants expired and cancellation	(1,710)		1.64
Outstanding as of June 30, 2022	153,110	$	0.31	1.40

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies.

Schedule of quantitative information about the company's operating leases

The following summarizes quantitative information about the Company’s operating leases (amount in thousands):

	For the Six Months ended
	June 30, 2022
	U.K			U.S			Total
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	309		$	130		$	439
Short-term lease cost		34			—			34
Variable lease cost		—			12			12
Sub-lease income		(73)			—			(73)
Total	$	270		$	142		$	412
Other information
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(325)		$	(144)		$	(469)
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases		8.7			1.5
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		12	%		12	%

	For the Six Months ended
	June 30, 2021
	U.K			U.S			Total
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	330		$	147		$	477
Short-term lease cost		25			—			25
Variable lease cost		48			5			53
Total	$	403		$	152		$	555
Other information
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(347)		$	(84)		$	(431)
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases		8.6			2.1
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		12	%		12	%

Schedule of maturities of our operating leases, excluding short-term leases

Maturities of our operating leases, excluding short-term leases and sublease agreement, are as follows:

Six months ended December 31, 2022	$	450
Year ended December 31, 2023		906
Year ended December 31, 2024		812
Year ended December 31, 2025		607
Year ended December 31, 2026		607
Thereafter		7,269
Total		10,651
Less present value discount		(5,748)
Operating lease liabilities included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2022	$	4,903

Maturities of our operating leases under the sublease agreement, based on the current exchange rate, are as follows:

Six months ended December 31, 2022	$	72
Year ended December 31, 2023		145
Year ended December 31, 2024		145
Year ended December 31, 2025		145
Year ended December 31, 2026		145
Thereafter		1,740
Total	$	2,392

XML

Financial Condition, Going Concern and Management Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Financial Condition, Going Concern and Management Plans
Net loss	$ 29,668	$ (4,410)	$ 43,882	$ (287)
Payments for Operating Activities			$ 27,800

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	$ 65,686	$ 106,784
Embedded redemption option	1,033
Embedded conversion option		988
Contingent payable derivative liability	8,123	8,232
Total fair value	74,842	116,004
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 Member
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	0	0
Embedded redemption option	0
Embedded conversion option		0
Contingent payable derivative liability	0	0
Total fair value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 Member
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	0	0
Embedded redemption option	0
Embedded conversion option		0
Contingent payable derivative liability	0	0
Total fair value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 Member
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	65,686	106,784
Embedded redemption option	1,033
Embedded conversion option		988
Contingent payable derivative liability	8,123	8,232
Total fair value	$ 74,842	$ 116,004

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Changes in Level 3 liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	$ 116,004
Additional warrant liability	191
Reclassification of warrant liabilities	(45,067)
Change in fair value	3,714
Balance	74,842
Warrant Liability Member
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	106,784
Additional warrant liability	184
Reclassification of warrant liabilities	(45,067)
Change in fair value	3,785
Balance	65,686
Embedded Conversion Option Member
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	988
Additional warrant liability	7
Reclassification of warrant liabilities	0
Change in fair value	38
Balance	1,033
Contingent Payable Derivative Liability Member
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	8,232
Additional warrant liability	0
Reclassification of warrant liabilities	0
Change in fair value	(109)
Balance	$ 8,123

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Details) - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 Member - $ / shares	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Warrant Liability Member
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.31	$ 0.30
Contractual term (years)	1 year 4 months 24 days	1 year
Volatility (annual)	82.00%	90.00%
Risk-free rate	2.20%	0.10%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%	0.00%
Contingent Payable Derivative Liability Member
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.63	$ 0.70
Contractual term (years)	1 year 6 months	1 year 7 months 6 days
Volatility (annual)	84.00%	72.00%
Risk-free rate	2.70%	0.60%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%	0.00%

XML

Stock-based Compensation - Summary of stock-based compensation expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 5,763	$ 3,551	$ 6,380	$ 13,369
Research and development
Total stock-based compensation expense	641	2,553	1,151	6,242
Stock-based compensation expense reversed	900
Research and development - related party
Total stock-based compensation expense	5,340		5,340
General and administrative
Total stock-based compensation expense	(218)	$ 998	$ (111)	$ 7,127
Stock-based compensation expense reversed	$ 300

XML

Stock-based Compensation - Assumptions (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 $ / shares
Stock-based Compensation
Exercise price	$ 0.65
Expected term (years)	3 years 10 months 24 days
Expected stock price volatility	99.00%
Risk-free rate of interest	3.30%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%

XML

Stock-based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Stock-based Compensation
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized	$ 9.6
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition	1 year 6 months
Notice for exercising any option or warrant (in days)	61 days

XML

Stock-based Compensation - Stock option activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Number of Shares, Outstanding	304,847
Number of Shares, Granted	8,005
Number of Shares, Cashless exercise	(3,286)
Number of Shares, Forfeited/expired	(54)
Number of Shares, Outstanding	309,512	304,847
Number of Shares, Options vested	286,047
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding	$ 0.33
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted	0.65
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Cashless exercise	0.49
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited/expired	11.20
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding	0.34	$ 0.33
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options vested	$ 0.33
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Outstanding	7 years 6 months	8 years
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Granted	7 years 2 months 12 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Options vested	7 years 6 months
Total Intrinsic Value, Outstanding	$ 114,803
Total Intrinsic Value, Outstanding	92,895	$ 114,803
Total Intrinsic Value, Options vested	$ 87,730
Options
Number of shares, Vested	236,600

XML

Stock-based Compensation - Restricted Stock Awards (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2022 USD ($) item shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) item shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) item shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of required licenses for the Sawston facility | item	3
Amount recognized and expensed related to cash component		$ 3,800
Amount recognized and expensed related to stock component		500	$ 5,300
Cash payable for milestone		1,500	$ 1,500
Cash paid for milestone		$ 500
Shares in milestone cost | shares		1,500,000	1,500,000
Number of required licenses for the Sawston facility that had been met by the regulatory approvals | item		2	2
Number of Shares, Outstanding | shares		309,512,000	309,512,000	304,847,000
Total intrinsic value of all outstanding options		$ 92,895	$ 92,895	$ 114,803
Restricted Stock Awards [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Share based compensation arrangement by share based payment award number of shares available for grant | shares	12.5
Number of Shares, Outstanding | shares	1.5
Total intrinsic value of all outstanding options	$ 11,800
Advent BioServices Agreement
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of workstreams | item	5

XML

Notes Payable - Outstanding debt (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument, Face Value	$ 27,904	$ 35,243
Debt Instrument, Remaining Debt Discount	(2,489)	(3,836)
Debt Instrument, Embedded Redemption Option	1,033	988
Debt Instrument, Carrying Value	26,448	32,395
Short term convertible notes payable [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Value	135	135
Debt Instrument, Carrying Value	$ 135	$ 135
Short term convertible notes payable [Member] | 6% unsecured [Member]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description	Due	Due
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	6.00%	6.00%
Debt Instrument, Conversion Price	$ 3.09
Debt Instrument, Face Value	$ 135	$ 135
Debt Instrument, Carrying Value	135	135
Short Term Notes Payable [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Value	10,138	7,255
Debt Instrument, Remaining Debt Discount	(287)	(198)
Debt Instrument, Embedded Redemption Option	7	47
Debt Instrument, Carrying Value	$ 9,858	$ 7,104
Short Term Notes Payable [Member] | 8% unsecured [Member]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description	Various	Various
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	8.00%	8.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Value	$ 5,503	$ 2,320
Debt Instrument, Remaining Debt Discount	(277)	(118)
Debt Instrument, Carrying Value	$ 5,226	$ 2,202
Short Term Notes Payable [Member] | 9% unsecured [Member]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description	Various	Various
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	9.00%	9.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Value	$ 3,932	$ 4,232
Debt Instrument, Remaining Debt Discount	(10)	(80)
Debt Instrument, Embedded Redemption Option	7	47
Debt Instrument, Carrying Value	$ 3,929	$ 4,199
Short Term Notes Payable [Member] | 12% unsecured [Member]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description	On Demand	On Demand
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	12.00%	12.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Value	$ 703	$ 703
Debt Instrument, Carrying Value	703	703
Long Term Notes Payable [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Value	17,631	27,853
Debt Instrument, Remaining Debt Discount	(2,202)	(3,638)
Debt Instrument, Embedded Redemption Option	1,026	941
Debt Instrument, Carrying Value	$ 16,455	$ 25,156
Long Term Notes Payable [Member] | 8% unsecured [Member]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description	9/22/2023	9/22/2023
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	8.00%	8.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Value	$ 16,505	$ 25,938
Debt Instrument, Remaining Debt Discount	(2,202)	(3,638)
Debt Instrument, Embedded Redemption Option	1,026	941
Debt Instrument, Carrying Value	$ 15,329	$ 23,241
Long Term Notes Payable [Member] | 6% secured [Member]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description	3/25/2025	3/25/2025
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	6.00%	6.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Value	$ 1,126	$ 1,482
Debt Instrument, Carrying Value	$ 1,126	$ 1,482
Long Term Notes Payable [Member] | 1% unsecured [Member]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description		Various
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate		1.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Value		$ 433
Debt Instrument, Carrying Value		$ 433

XML

Notes Payable - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan shares	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 27,904		$ 27,904		$ 35,243
Gain from debt extinguishment			100
Notes
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 600		600
Proceeds from Issuance of Debt			$ 600
Debt Instrument, Stated Interest Rate	9.00%		9.00%
Original Issue Discount Rate	5.00%		5.00%
Percentage of aggregate principal amount for next offering			50.00%
Percentage of exercised warrant shares for next offering			50.00%
Discount rate (as a percent)			12.00%
Number of shares issued to lenders in lieu of cash payments | shares			3.5
Amount of shares issued to lenders in lieu of cash payments			$ 2,300
Amount of aggregate cash payments on notes payable			6,200
Amount of aggregate cash payments on interest	$ 900
Interest and Debt Expense	1,400	$ 700	3,300	$ 2,100
Amortization of debt discount	$ 700	$ 200	$ 1,500	$ 1,400
Multiple Notes | Minimum
Extended term of debt			2 months
Multiple Notes | Maximum
Extended term of debt			4 months
Paycheck Protection Program loan
Proceeds from Issuance of Debt			$ 400
Number of Additional Loans | loan			2
Gain from debt extinguishment			$ 400

XML

Net Earnings (Loss) per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	462,698	313,717
Common stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	309,512	257,005
Common stock warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	153,110	56,712
Convertible notes and accrued interest
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	76

XML

. Net Earnings (Loss) per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders - Computation of earnings (loss) per share (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Net earnings (loss) - basic	$ (29,668)	$ 4,410	$ (43,882)	$ 287
Reversal of gain due to change in fair value of warrant liability		(17,500)		(35,063)
Net loss - diluted	$ (29,668)	$ (13,090)	$ (43,882)	$ (34,776)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	1,003,976	851,805	981,737	843,252
Convertible notes and interest		74		74
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	1,003,976	1,159,076	981,737	1,147,423
Warrants
Diluted shares		255,650		255,323
Options
Diluted shares		51,547		48,774

XML

Related Party Transactions - (Details) shares in Millions	1 Months Ended				3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2022	Apr. 30, 2022 item	Jul. 31, 2021	Jul. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) ft² item shares	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) ft² item shares	Jun. 30, 2022 GBP (£) item shares	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of required licenses for the Sawston facility | item		3
Amount recognized and expensed related to cash component					$ 3,800,000
Amount recognized and expensed related to stock component					$ 500,000		$ 5,300,000
Shares in milestone cost | shares					1.5		1.5	1.5
Number of required licenses for the Sawston facility that had been met by the regulatory approvals | item					2		2	2
Sub-lease income					$ 37,000		$ 73,000
Capitalized Cost					28,000	$ 1,400,000
Extended term of the Ancillary Services agreement	12 months		12 months				12 months	12 months
Lease payments							$ 469,000		$ 431,000
Accounts payable to related party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Unpaid board compensation					900,000		900,000
Advent BioServices Invoiced [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts Payable, Related Parties					1,407,000		1,407,000			$ 3,046,000
Ancillary Services Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Term (in months)				8 months
Advent BioServices Notes [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of workstreams | item		5
Advent Bio services
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts Payable, Related Parties					$ 4,757,000		$ 4,757,000			$ 3,046,000
Area of sublease (in sqft)					14,459		14,459
Total area of lease (in sqft) | ft²					88,000		88,000
Number of times calculated for lease payment under sub-lease | item							2	2
Rate per square foot under sub-lease							$ 7.76	£ 5.75
Cap rate per square foot under sub-lease							10
Sub-lease payments receivable							144,590
Lease payments | £								£ 500,000
Advent Bioscience Accrued
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of workstreams | item		5
Accounts Payable, Related Parties					$ 3,350,000		$ 3,350,000

XML

Stockholders' Deficit (Details) - $ / shares	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stockholders' Deficit
Number of Warrants, Outstanding	225,469
Number of Warrants, Warrants exercised for cash	(39,004)
Number of Warrants, Cashless warrants exercise	(31,645)
Number of Warrants, Warrants expired and cancellation	(1,710)
Number of Warrants, Outstanding	153,110	225,469
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Outstanding	$ 0.30
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants exercised for cash	0.25
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Cashless warrants exercise	$ 0.22
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Warrants expired and cancellation	1.64%
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Outstanding	$ 0.31	$ 0.30
Remaining Contractual Term	1 year 4 months 24 days	11 months 15 days

XML

Stockholders' Deficit - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Aug. 01, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Aggregate proceeds from exercise of warrants			$ 9,556	$ 4,073
Stock issued on exercise of warrants			39,000,000.0
Number Of Warrants, Warrants Cashless Exercise			31,645
Class of warrant or right, extended in suspension			142,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of common stock to investors		$ 6,325	$ 9,689	$ 16
Number of warrants outstanding		153,110	153,110		225,469
Warrants issued as consideration for warrants suspension
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Number of warrants outstanding		153,000,000	153,000,000
Cashless Warrants Exercise
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Stock issued on exercise of warrants			26,800,000
Number Of Warrants, Warrants Cashless Exercise			3,300,000
Options
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of warrant or right, extended in suspension	141,000,000
Common Stock
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Common stock not issued			2,100,000
Proceeds from issuance of common stock to investors		$ 8	$ 13
Number of shares issued during the period		8,584,000	13,137,000	69,000
Common Stock | Cashless Warrants Exercise
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Number Of Warrants, Warrants Cashless Exercise			31.6
Common Stock | Investors
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock to investors			$ 9,500
Number of shares issued during the period			13,100,000
Minimum
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price		$ 0.18	$ 0.18
Exercise price		0.18	0.18
Minimum | Cashless Warrants Exercise
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price		0.18	0.18
Exercise price		0.18	0.18
Minimum | Common Stock | Cashless Warrants Exercise
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price		0.25	0.25
Exercise price		0.25	0.25
Maximum
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price		0.70	0.70
Exercise price		0.70	0.70
Maximum | Cashless Warrants Exercise
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price		0.52	0.52
Exercise price		0.52	0.52
Maximum | Common Stock | Cashless Warrants Exercise
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price		0.34	0.34
Exercise price		$ 0.34	$ 0.34

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Lease cost
Operating lease cost		$ 439,000	$ 477,000
Short-term lease cost		34,000	25,000
Variable lease cost		12,000	53,000
Sub-lease income	$ (37,000)	(73,000)
Total		412,000	555,000
Other information
Operating cash flows from operating leases		(469,000)	(431,000)
UNITED KINGDOM
Lease cost
Operating lease cost		309,000	330,000
Short-term lease cost		34,000	25,000
Variable lease cost			48,000
Sub-lease income		(73,000)
Total		270,000	403,000
Other information
Operating cash flows from operating leases		$ (325,000)	$ (347,000)
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	8 years 8 months 12 days	8 years 8 months 12 days	8 years 7 months 6 days
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	12.00%	12.00%	12.00%
UNITED STATES
Lease cost
Operating lease cost		$ 130,000	$ 147,000
Variable lease cost		12,000	5,000
Total		142,000	152,000
Other information
Operating cash flows from operating leases		$ (144,000)	$ (84,000)
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	1 year 6 months	1 year 6 months	2 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	12.00%	12.00%	12.00%

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - maturities of our operating leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Six months ended December 31, 2022	$ 450
Year ended December 31, 2023	906
Year ended December 31, 2024	812
Year ended December 31, 2025	607
Year ended December 31, 2026	607
Thereafter	7,269
Total	10,651
Less present value discount	(5,748)
Operating lease liabilities included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2022	4,903
Sublease agreement
Six months ended December 31, 2022	72
Year ended December 31, 2023	145
Year ended December 31, 2024	145
Year ended December 31, 2025	145
Year ended December 31, 2026	145
Thereafter	1,740
Total	$ 2,392

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details)				1 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Nov. 04, 2021 USD ($)	Nov. 04, 2021 EUR (€)	May 14, 2018 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2022	Apr. 30, 2022 item	Jul. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 EUR (€)	Jun. 30, 2022 EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Lease, practical expedient, lessor single lease component [true false]							true		true
Total lease liabilities							$ 4,903,000
Operating lease, term of contract							20 years		20 years
ROU asset							$ 4,335,000			$ 4,889,000
Original term of the agreement							8 months	8 months
Extended term of the Ancillary Services agreement				12 months		12 months	12 months	12 months
Litigation settlement waiver of penalty							$ 141,000	€ 135,000
Loss contingency accrual							386,000		€ 370,000
Advent Bioscience Accrued
Number of workstreams | item					5
Advent Bio services
Program initiation payment			$ 1,000,000.0
German Tax Authority
Settlement expense							329,000	277,000
Received tax bills							232,000	222,000
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Settlement expense							$ 272,000	€ 231,000
Additional late fees	$ 535,000	€ 513,000

XML

Subsequent Events (Details) - $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2022	Jul. 20, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, shares authorized			100,000,000	100,000,000
Preferred shares, par value			$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Subsequent event | Series A Preferred shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding		0
Subsequent event | Series C Preferred Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, shares authorized		10,000,000
Preferred shares, par value	$ 0.001

XML

Subsequent Events - Subscription Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred shares, par value		$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, par value		$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Subsequent event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred shares	$ 2.7
Subsequent event | Series C Preferred Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred shares, par value	$ 0.001
Subsequent event | Subscription agreements | Series C Preferred Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues	299,858
Preferred shares, par value	$ 0.001
Gross proceeds from issuance of preferred shares	$ 4.7
Repayments of Debt	$ 2.0
Number of shares to be issued upon conversion of each preferred shares	25
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001
Subsequent event | Subscription agreements | Series C Preferred Stock | Minimum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Purchase price	15.75
Subsequent event | Subscription agreements | Series C Preferred Stock | Maximum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Purchase price	$ 16.00

XML

Subsequent Events - Debt Redemption (Details) - Subsequent event shares in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued for repayments of debt | shares	2.8
Amount of debt redeemed from issuance of shares | $	$ 1.7