10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______to _______

Commission File Number: 001-35737

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) 94-3306718  (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(240) 497-9024

(Registrant's telephone number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  x       No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	x
		Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.         ¨

As of November 20, 2017, the total number of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding was 315,858,713.

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	33
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	33
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION		34
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	34
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	35
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	35
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	35
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	35
Item 5.	Other Information	35
Item 6.	Exhibits	35
SIGNATURES		36

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,051		$	6,186
Restricted cash - interest payments held in escrow		-			685
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,077			1,013
Total current assets		2,128			7,884
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net		188			315
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom)		47,322			44,559
Other assets		110			148
Total non-current assets		47,620			45,022
Total assets	$	49,748		$	52,906
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	17,032		$	13,239
Accounts payable and accrued expenses to related parties		27,916			23,393
Convertible notes, net		135			10,960
Notes payable, net		5,294			2,450
Notes payable to related party		1,471			310
Share settled debt, at fair value (in default)		4,013			5,200
Shares payable		2,550			-
Environmental remediation liability		6,200			6,200
Warrant liability		11,883			4,862
Mortgage loan, net		4,640			9,791
Total current liabilities		81,134			76,405
Non-current liabilities:
Note payable, net of current portion, net		-			3,000
Convertible notes payable, net of current portion, net		5,072			-
Mortgage loan, net of current portion, net		6,375			-
Total non-current liabilities		11,447			3,000
Total liabilities		92,581			79,405
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Preferred stock ($0.001 par value); 40,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively		-			-
Common stock ($0.001 par value); 450,000,000 shares authorized; 309,675,000 and 157,028,000 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively		309			157
Additional paid-in capital		718,831			686,972
Accumulated deficit		(761,620	)		(715,476	)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) gain		(353	)		1,848
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)		(42,833	)		(26,499	)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$	49,748		$	52,906

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	For the three months ended						For the nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Revenues:
Research and other	$	148		$	159		$	304		$	552
Total revenues		148			159			304			552
Operating costs and expenses:
Research and development		9,721			21,094			20,222			43,247
General and administrative		2,965			2,668			9,254			7,929
Legal expenses		1,595			1,913			7,530			7,394
Total operating costs and expenses		14,281			25,675			37,006			58,570
Loss from operations		(14,133	)		(25,516	)		(36,702	)		(58,018	)
Other income (expense):
Inducement loss		(2,297	)		(1,457	)		(2,297	)		(1,457	)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(4,933	)		(217	)		2,963			17,238
Net loss from extinguishment of debt		(1,975	)		(433	)		(10,517	)		(433	)
Interest expense		(1,193	)		(691	)		(3,695	)		(2,138	)
Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)		1,260			(913	)		4,104			(4,700	)
Net loss	$	(23,271	)	$	(29,227	)	$	(46,144	)	$	(49,508	)
Deemed dividend related to warrant modification		-			(3,007	)		-			(5,647	)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$	(23,271	)	$	(32,234	)	$	(46,144	)	$	(55,155	)
Net loss per share applicable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.08	)	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.52	)
Weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted loss per share		281,486			114,836			217,587			105,501

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	For the three months ended						For the nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net loss	$	(23,271	)	$	(29,227	)	$	(46,144	)	$	(49,508	)
Other comprehensive gain (loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(561	)		626			(2,201	)		1,126
Total comprehensive loss	$	(23,832	)	$	(28,601	)	$	(48,345	)	$	(48,382	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Unaudited)

(in thousands) 

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Accumulated			Cumulative Translation			Total Stockholders'
	Shares		Par value		Capital			Deficit			Adjustment			Equity (Deficit)
Balance at January 1, 2017		157,027	$	157	$	686,972		$	(715,476	)	$	1,848		$	(26,499	)
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in a registered direct offering (net of $7.0 million warrant liability)		28,979		29		2,511			-			-			2,540
Offering cost related to registered direct offering		-		-		(856	)		-			-			(856	)
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in private offering  (net of $1.0 million warrant liability)		9,010		9		605			-			-			614
Warrants exercised for cash		23,527		23		2,782			-			-			2,805
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash		-		-		2,117			-			-			2,117
Cashless warrants exercise		6,940		7		(7	)		-			-			-
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise		-		-		3,054			-			-			3,054
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock		7,000		7		1,180			-			-			1,187
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest		68,789		69		13,948			-			-			14,017
Common stock issued for extinguishment of 2014 senior convertible notes		7,090		7		2,047			-			-			2,054
Forgiveness of certain payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc.		-		-		3,750			-			-			3,750
Stock-based compensation		1,313		1		728			-			-			729
Net loss		-		-		-			(46,144	)		-			(46,144	)
Cumulative translation adjustment		-		-		-			-			(2,201	)		(2,201	)
Balance at September 30, 2017		309,675	$	309	$	718,831		$	(761,620	)	$	(353	)	$	(42,833	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	For the nine months ended
	September 30,
	2017			2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net Loss	$	(46,144	)	$	(49,508	)
Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		141			135
Amortization of debt discount		1,158			639
Debt premium		407			-
Change in fair value of derivatives		(2,963	)		(17,238	)
Inducement loss		2,297			1,457
Loss from extinguishment of debt		10,067			433
Stock-based compensation		729			98
Stock issued to Cognate BioServices under Cognate Agreements		-			13,654
Subtotal of non-cash charges		11,836			(822	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(72	)		617
Other non-current assets		38			70
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		4,368			1,697
Related party accounts payable and accrued expenses		8,273			6,391
Net cash used in operating activities		(21,701	)		(41,555	)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(14	)		(4,770	)
Refund of VAT related to UK construction		220			-
Net cash used in investing activities		206			(4,770	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in a registered direct offering		9,509			13,700
Offering cost related to registered direct offering		(856	)		(1,077	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in private offering		1,616			926
Proceeds from private offering (shares payable)		2,550			-
Proceeds from exercise of warrants		2,805			8,066
Offering cost related to warrants exercise		-			(795	)
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net		4,864			-
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable to related party		2,805			-
Repayment of notes payable to related parties		(1,644	)		-
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable, net		1,604			-
Repayment of convertible notes payable		(3,258	)		-
Net cash provided by financing activities		19,995			20,820
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(4,320	)		3,944
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(5,820	)		(21,561	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the period		6,871			23,048
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the period	$	1,051		$	1,487
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments on mortgage loan	$	(969	)	$	(1,497	)
Interest payments on senior convertible note	$	(485	)	$	(275	)
Interest payments on notes payable to related party	$	(47	)	$	-

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Continued)

(in thousands)

	For the nine months ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock	$	1,187	$	-
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	$	10,975	$	-
Exchange 2014 Senior Convertible Notes and accrued interest for secured convertible note	$	5,175	$	-
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	$	2,117	$	825
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants	$	3,054	$	-
Cashless warrants exercise	$	7	$	-
Issuance of warrants in conjunction with note payable	$	139	$	-
Forgiveness of certain payables from Cognate BioServices, Inc.	$	3,750	$	-
Embedded conversion features with issuance of secured convertible notes	$	1,826	$	-
Accrued renewal fee incurred from mortgage loan	$	218	$	211
Deemed dividend related to modification of warrant	$	-	$	5,647
Return of common stock and warrants from Cognate	$	-	$	8
Extinguishment of shares payable related to Cognate	$	-	$	22,539
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities related to Cognate	$	-	$	10,131
Issuance of common stock for accounts payable conversion	$	-	$	28
Issuance of common stock for debt conversion	$	-	$	934
Issuance of common stock for conversion of accrued interest	$	-	$	66

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Description of Business

Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries NW Bio Gmbh, and Aracaris Capital, Ltd (collectively, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our”) were organized to discover and develop innovative immunotherapies for cancer.

The Company is developing an experimental dendritic cell vaccine using its platform technology known as DCVax. DCVax is currently being tested for use in the treatment of certain types of cancers.

Cognate BioServices, Inc. (“Cognate BioServices”), which is a company related by common ownership (Note 9), provides the Company with mission critical contract manufacturing services, research and development services, distribution and logistics, and related services, in compliance with the Company’s specifications and the applicable regulatory requirements for clinical grade cellular products. The Company and Cognate BioServices are currently parties to a series of contracts providing for these services as more fully described below. The Company is dependent on Cognate BioServices to provide the manufacturing services, and any interruption of such services could potentially have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to proceed with its clinical trials. Cognate BioServices’ manufacturing facility for clinical-grade cellular products is located in Memphis, Tennessee. In addition, a Cognate affiliate in the UK (which was formerly part of Cognate BioServices, and is now known as Advent BioServices) is preparing for production of DCVax-L products there. The Company and Advent are in the process of developing contract arrangements for manufacturing and related services for the U.K. and Europe.

Although there are many contract manufacturers for small molecule drugs and for biologics, there are only a few contract manufacturers in the U.S., and even fewer in Europe, that specialize in producing living cell products and that have a track record of success with regulatory authorities. The manufacturing of living cell products is highly specialized and entirely different than production of biologics: the physical facilities and equipment are different, the types of personnel and skill sets are different, and the processes are different. The regulatory requirements relating to manufacturing and cellular products are especially challenging and are one of the most frequent reasons for the development of a company’s cellular products to be put on clinical hold (i.e., stopped by regulatory authorities).

In addition, the Company’s programs require a large amount of capacity in these specialized manufacturing facilities. The Company’s products are fully personalized and not made in standardized batches: the Company’s products are made on demand, patient by patient, on an as needed basis.

2. Liquidity, Financial Condition and Management Plans

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company used approximately $21.7 million and $41.6 million of cash in its operating activities, respectively. The expenditures in 2017 have included substantial payments for expenses previously incurred in connection with the Phase III clinical trial of DCVax-L.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company raised approximately $24.9 million in equity and debt securities to fund its operations, and raised an additional $5 million from a third party who retired the 2014 Notes on the Company’s behalf (see Note 7 for further details). As expected for a company that is pre-revenue, the Company incurred a net loss of $23.3 million and $46.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The Company had current assets of $2.1 million and a working capital deficit of approximately $79 million at September 30, 2017. The Company owed an aggregate of $27.8 million of trade liabilities to certain related parties as of September 30, 2017 (after waiver by such related parties of $3.75 million related to certain payables, which was owed to them by the Company), based on invoicing to date while the Company and Cognate were negotiating an overall settlement of amounts owed for 2016 and 2017. Subsequent to September 30, 2017, the parties reached an agreement in principle for settlement of the overall amounts due, which the reduced the amounts that would otherwise have been owed under the contracts between the parties. The parties are now in the process of drafting and executing the agreement.

The Company has not yet generated any material revenue from the sale of its products and is subject to all of the risks and uncertainties that are typically faced by biotechnology companies that devote substantially all of their efforts to R&D and clinical trials and do not yet have commercial products. The Company expects to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future. The Company’s existing liquidity is not sufficient to fund its operations, anticipated capital expenditures, working capital and other financing requirements until the Company reaches significant revenues.  Until that time, the Company will need to obtain additional equity and/or debt financing, especially if the Company experiences downturns in its business that are more severe or longer than anticipated, or if the Company experiences significant increases in expense levels resulting from being a publicly-traded company or from expansion of operations.  If the Company attempts to obtain additional equity or debt financing, the Company cannot assume that such financing will be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all.

Because of recurring operating losses, net operating cash flow deficits, and an accumulated deficit, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company has operated with going concern determinations throughout more than a decade, and so the condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.  The Company did not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

9

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2017, condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017 or for any future interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 has been derived from audited financial statements; however, it does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017.

Use of Estimates

In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include valuing equity securities in share-based payment arrangements, valuing environmental liabilities, estimating the fair value of financial instruments recorded as derivative liabilities, and estimating the useful lives of depreciable assets and whether impairment charges may apply.

Warrant Liability

The Company accounts for certain common stock warrants outstanding as a liability at fair value and adjusts the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the Company's statements of operations. The fair value of the warrants issued by the Company has been estimated using Monte Carlo simulation and or a Black Scholes model.

Sequencing

As of October 13, 2016, the Company adopted a sequencing policy whereby all future instruments may be classified as a derivative liability with the exception of instruments related to share-based compensation issued to employees or directors.

Environmental Remediation Liabilities

The Company records environmental remediation liabilities for properties acquired. The environmental remediation liabilities are initially recorded at fair value. The liability is reduced for actual costs incurred in connection with the clean-up activities for each property. Upon completion of the clean-up, the environmental remediation liability is adjusted to equal the fair value of the remaining operation, maintenance and monitoring activities to be performed for the property. The amount of the additional liability resulting from the completion of the clean-up, if any, would be included in other income (expense). As of September 30, 2017, the Company estimated that the total environmental remediation costs associated with the purchase of the UK Facility will be approximately $6.2 million. This is a projected potential future cost. No such environmental costs have been incurred to date and none are in the upcoming twelve months or on a long-term basis. Contamination clean-up costs that improve the property from its original acquisition state will be capitalized as part of the property’s overall development costs. The Company engaged a third-party specialist to conduct certain surveys of the condition of the property which included, among other things, a preliminary analysis of potential environmental remediation exposures. The Company determined, based on information contained in the specialist’s report, that it would be required to estimate the fair value of an unconditional obligation to remediate specific ground contamination at an estimated fair value of approximately $6.2 million. The Company computed the fair value of this obligation using a probability weighted approach that measures the likelihood of the following two potential outcomes: (i) a higher probability requirement of erecting a protective barrier around the affected area at an estimated cost of approximately $4.5 million, and (ii) a lower probability requirement of having to excavate the affected area at an estimated cost of approximately $32.0 million. The Company’s estimate is preliminary and therefore subject to change as further studies are conducted, and as additional facts come to the Company’s attention. Environmental remediation efforts are complex, technical and subject to various uncertainties. Accordingly, it is at least reasonably possible that any changes in the Company’s estimate could materially differ from the management’s preliminary assessment discussed herein.      

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Comprehensive Loss

The Company reports comprehensive loss and its components in its condensed consolidated financial statements. Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments, affecting stockholders’ equity (deficit) that, under U.S, GAAP, are excluded from net loss.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred and consist primarily of clinical trial costs, related party manufacturing costs, consulting costs, contract research and development costs, clinical site costs and compensation costs. 

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the 2016 Annual Report.

Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Compensation-Stock Compensation

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Under ASU No. 2016-09, companies will no longer record excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies in additional paid-in capital (“APIC”). Instead, they will record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement and the APIC pools will be eliminated. In addition, ASU No. 2016-09 eliminates the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized before companies can recognize them. ASU No. 2016-09 also requires companies to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. Furthermore, ASU No. 2016-09 will increase the amount an employer can withhold to cover income taxes on awards and still qualify for the exception to liability classification for shares used to satisfy the employer’s statutory income tax withholding obligation. An employer with a statutory income tax withholding obligation will now be allowed to withhold shares with a fair value up to the amount of taxes owed using the maximum statutory tax rate in the employee’s applicable jurisdiction(s). ASU No. 2016-09 requires a company to classify the cash paid to a tax authority when shares are withheld to satisfy its statutory income tax withholding obligation as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows. Under current U.S. GAAP, it was not specified how these cash flows should be classified. In addition, companies will now have to elect whether to account for forfeitures on share-based payments by (1) recognizing forfeitures of awards as they occur or (2) estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjusting the estimate when it is likely to change, as is currently required. These aspects of ASU 2016-09 are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted provided that all of the guidance is adopted in the same period. The Company’s adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 on January 1, 2017 did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In accordance with the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, the Company will record forfeitures, if any, when such forfeitures occur.

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Recent Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Compensation-Stock Compensation

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. It is effective prospectively for the annual period ending December 31, 2018 and interim periods within that annual period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures, but does not expect it to have a significant impact.

Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features

On July 13, 2017, the FASB has issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, (i). Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features and (ii) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. It is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will be evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

4. Fair Value Measurements

Derivative Warrants Granted in 2017

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company issued approximately 192 million warrants (the “Warrants”) to multiple investors (the “Holders”). Since the Company’s adoption of a sequencing policy (see Note 3), the warrants were classified as liabilities and measured at fair value on the grant date, with changes in fair value recognized as other income on the statements of operations and disclosed in the financial statements.

A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring warrants granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is as follows:

	2017 Warrants Granted Associated with
	Public and Private			Debt						Modification of
	Offering			Conversion			Issuance of Debt			Warrant Liabilities
Strike price	$	0.47		$	0.44		$	0.19		$	0.27
Contractual term (years)		2.4			2.6			2.0			5.0
Volatility (annual)		107	%		107	%		113	%		99	%
Risk-free rate		1	%		1	%		1	%		2	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%		0	%		0	%

Embedded Conversion Features

A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring embedded conversion features at inception for convertible notes issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is as follows:

Conversion price	$	0.41
Contractual term (years)		1.92
Volatility (annual)		97	%
Risk-free rate		1	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

The following table classifies the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Fair value measured at September 30, 2017
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	September 30, 2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	11,883	$	-	$	-	$	11,883
Embedded conversion feature		1,794		-		-		1,794
Share-settled debt (in default)		4,013		-		-		4,013
Total fair value	$	17,690	$	-	$	-	$	17,690

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

	Fair value measured at December 31, 2016
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	December 31, 2016		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	4,862	$	-	$	-	$	4,862
Share-settled debt (in default)		5,200		-		-		5,200
Total fair value	$	10,062	$	-	$	-	$	10,062

There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017.

The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. Unrealized gains and losses associated with liabilities within the Level 3 category include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long- dated volatilities) inputs (in thousands).

				Embedded			Share-settled
	Warrant			Conversion			Debt
	Liability			Feature			(in Default)			Total
Balance – January 1, 2017	$	4,862		$	-		$	5,200		$	10,062
Warrants granted related to:
Public and privated offering		7,971			-			-			7,971
Debt conversion		7,544			-			-			7,544
Issuance of debt		139			-			-			139
Modification of warrant liabilities		2,297			-			-			2,297
		17,951			-			-			17,951
Issuance of convertible notes		-			4,262			-			4,262
Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion		-			(5,264	)		-			(5,264	)
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash		(2,117	)		-			-			(2,117	)
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise		(3,054	)		-			-			(3,054	)
Conversion of share-settled debt		-			-			(1,187	)		(1,187	)
Change in fair value		(5,759	)		2,796			-			(2,963	)
Balance – September 30, 2017	$	11,883		$	1,794		$	4,013		$	17,690

A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring the Company’s warrant liabilities and embedded conversion feature that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows:

	As of September 30, 2017						As of December 31, 2016
	Warrant			Embedded			Warrant
	Liability			Conversion Feature			Liability
Strike price	$	0.40		$	0.50		$	0.60
Contractual term (years)		3.6			2.73			4.7
Volatility (annual)		99	%		99	%		98	%
Risk-free rate		2	%		2	%		2	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%		0	%

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

5. Property & Equipment and Construction in Progress

Property and equipment consist of the following at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
Leasehold improvements	$	69		$	69
Office furniture and equipment		25			25
Computer equipment and software		640			626
		734			720
Less: accumulated depreciation		(546	)		(405	)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		188			315
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom)*		47,322			44,559
	$	47,510		$	44,874

* Construction in progress includes both the land acquisition costs and the building costs.

Depreciation expense was approximately $41,000 and $55,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Depreciation expenses were approximately $141,000 and $135,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

6. Stock-based Compensation

On June 13, 2017, the Company granted options (the “Options”) to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Shares”) to Dr. Marnix Bosch, the Chief Technical Officer of the Company, and Dr. Alton Boynton, the Chief Scientific Officer of the Company. The Options were granted pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. 2007 Stock Plan (the “Equity Plan”). The Equity Plan provided for awards of various types of equity securities (including common stock, restricted stock units, options and/or other derivative securities) to employees and directors of the Company.

Dr. Bosch received Options exercisable for approximately 7.9 million Shares and Dr. Boynton received Options exercisable for approximately 3.4 million Shares. The Options are exercisable at a price of $0.25 per share, and have a 5-year exercise period. The Options granted to Dr. Bosch and Dr. Boynton are subject to vesting requirements. 50% of the Options vested on the grant date, and 50% will vest over a 24-month period in equal monthly installments, provided that the recipient continues to be employed by the Company. The unvested portions of the Options are subject to accelerated vesting upon (i) a change of effective control of the Company, (ii) the filing of the first Biologics License Application or other application for product approval in any jurisdiction, (iii) completion of any randomized clinical trial that meets its endpoint(s) (Phase II or Phase III), (iv) decision by the Board, in its discretion or (v) the death of the recipient.

The following table summarizes stock option activities for the Company’s option plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (amount in thousands, except per share number):

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Total Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016		1,551		$	10.56	$	-		1.9
Granted		11,343			0.25		-		4.7
Forfeited/expired		(238	)		9.90		-		-
Outstanding as of September 30, 2017		12,656		$	1.32		-		4.3
Options vested and exercisable		7,255		$	1.49	$	-		4.2

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

The following assumptions were used to compute the fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017:

	For the Nine Months
	Ended
	September 30, 2017
Exercise price	$	0.25
Expected term (years)		2.8
Expected stock price volatility		96	%
Risk-free rate of interest		2	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

The weighted average grant date fair value was approximately $0.7 million and the unrecognized compensation cost was approximately $0.2 million as of September 30, 2017, and will be recognized over the next 1.8 years.

The Company recorded stock based compensation expense of approximately $0.4 million and $0.5 million, which was included as part of research and development expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

7. Outstanding Debt

The following table summarizes outstanding debt as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively (amount in thousands, except per share data):

		Stated					Remaining			Fair Value of
		Interest	Conversion				Debt			Embedded		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate	Price		Face Value		Discount			Conversion Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured (1)	Due	6%	$	3.09	$	135	$	-		$	-	$	135
10% unsecured (2)	In Default	10%	$	0.16		-		-			-		-
						135		-			-		135
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured (3)	12/5/17 and In Default	8% and 15%		N/A		2,310		(55	)		-		2,255
8% unsecured (4)	6/30/2018	8%		N/A		2,206		(144	)		-		2,062
10% unsecured (5)	On Demand	Various		N/A		650		-			-		650
12% unsecured (6)	On Demand	12%		N/A		440		(113	)		-		327
						5,606		(312	)		-		5,294
Short term notes payable - related parties
10% unsecured - Related Parties (7)	On Demand	10%		N/A		1,421		-			-		1,421
12% unsecured - Related Parties (7)	On Demand	12%		N/A		50		-			-		50
						1,471		-			-		1,471
Share-settled debt, at fair value (8)	In Default	18%	$	0.16		4,013		-			-		4,013
Short term mortgage loan (9)	8/13/2018	12%		N/A		4,831		(191	)		-		4,640
Long term mortgage loan	11/16/2018	12%		N/A		6,412		(37	)		-		6,375
						11,243		(228	)		-		11,015
Long term convertible notes payable
12% secured convertible notes (10)	6/21/2020	12%	$	0.50		5,350		(2,072	)		1,794		5,072
Ending balance as of September 30, 2017					$	27,818	$	(2,612	)	$	1,794	$	27,000

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

		Stated					Remaining
		Interest	Conversion				Debt			Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate	Price		Face Value		Discount			Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured (1)	Due	6%	$	3.09	$	135	$	-		$	135
5% 2014 Senior convertible notes (11)	8/15/2017	5%	$	6.60		11,000		(175	)		10,825
						11,135		(175	)		10,960
Short term notes payable
10%  unsecured (2)	11/4/2017	10%		N/A		2,450		-			2,450
Short term notes payable - related parties
10% unsecured - Related Parties	On Demand	10%		N/A		50		-			50
12% unsecured - Related Parties	On Demand	12%		N/A		260		-			260
						310		-			310
Share-settled debt, at fair value (9)	In Default	18%	$	0.35		5,200		-			5,200
Mortgage loan (10)	11/16/17 & 8/13/17	12%		N/A		10,156		(365	)		9,791
Long term note payable
8% unsecured note (5)	6/30/2018	8%		N/A		3,310		(310	)		3,000
Ending balance as of December 31, 2016					$	32,561	$	(850	)	$	31,711

(1) This $135,000 note as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of two separate 6% notes in the amounts of $110,000 and $25,000. In regard to the $110,000 note due in 2011, the Company has made ongoing attempts to locate the creditor to repay or convert this note, but has been unable to locate the creditor to date. In regard to the $25,000 note due in 2011, during the year ended December 31, 2013, the holder has elected to convert these notes into equity, the Company has delivered the applicable conversion documents to the holder, and the Company is waiting for the holder to execute and return the documents.

(2) On November 4, 2016, the Company entered into three promissory notes agreements (“the November 2016 Notes”) with an individual investor (“the Holder”) for an aggregate amount of $2.45 million. The Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% with 1 year term.   On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into a series of promissory notes (the “March 2017 Notes”) with unrelated third parties in the original principal amount of $1,450,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for aggregate net proceeds of $1.4 million with no stated interest rate.   On April 12, 2017, the Company made a repayment of $258,000 to one of the March 2017 Notes holders.   During the nine months period ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple amendments (the “Amendment”) to the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes. The Company recorded an approximate $2.4 million debt extinguishment loss from the Amendment. The Company also recorded approximately $407,000 additional debt premium pursuant to the Amendment.   During the nine months period ended September 30, 2017, the Company induced the holders of the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes to convert approximately $4.2 million of principal, debt premium and accrued interest into approximately 24.7 million shares of common stock at a fair value of approximately $5.8 million, and approximately 43.8 million warrants with weighted average exercise price of $0.53, at fair value of approximately $4.6 million using Black-Scholes model. The Company also reversed approximately $5.2 million of embedded conversion features as of the conversion date, which was recorded as gain from debt extinguishment.   Overall, the Company recorded approximately $1.0 million net debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

(3) On March 3, 2017 and June 5, 2017, the Company entered into two promissory notes agreement (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,310,000. The Notes bore interest at 8% per annum with a 6 month term. One of the Notes became in default as of September 3, 2017. The Notes carry an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. The remaining unamortized debt discount related the Notes was approximately $55,000 as of September 30, 2017.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

(4) On December 30, 2016, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $3.3 million. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum with 18 months term. The Note carries an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor.   During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple exchange agreement with the Note holder to convert approximately $1.1 million principal and $0.2 million accrued interest into approximately 8.8 million shares of common stock at fair value of $1.7 million. The Company recorded approximately $408,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

(5) During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered multiple promissory note agreement (the “Notes”) with certain investors for an aggregate principal amount of $2.4 million. The Notes bore interest at either 0%, 10% or 12% per annum, and were payable upon demand.    During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company induced the holders to convert approximately $1.8 million principal and accrued interest of the Notes into approximately 10.6 million shares of common stock at fair value of approximately $1.9 million.    In addition, the Company issued approximately 12.5 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.49 and a fair value of approximately $0.9 million.   The Company recorded debt extinguishment of approximately $1.1 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2017.

(6) During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered two promissory note agreements (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $440,000. The Notes bore interest at 12% per annum, and is payable upon demand. The Company also issued approximately 1.2 million warrants with a weighted average strike price of $0.19 in conjunction the Note. The Company recorded $139,000 debt discount at the issuance date, which is the fair value of the warrants.

(7) Related Party Notes

Goldman Notes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,334,000 pursuant to certain Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). $470,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and $864,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% per annum.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $955,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of $350,000 outstanding debt incurred during the year ended December 31, 2016.

The outstanding principal amount for Goldman Notes was $689,000 as of September 30, 2017.

Toucan Notes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repaid approximately $688,000 of the Toucan Notes.

The outstanding principal amount for Toucan Notes was $482,000 as of September 30, 2017.

Board of Directors Notes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

(8)	During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt converted approximately $1.2 million of outstanding share-settled debt.
(9)	The mortgage loan was originally due in August 2017 and has been renewed for additional one year until August 17, 2018. The Company recorded a $218,000 renewal fee.

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

The mortgage loan was originally due in November 2017 and has been renewed for an additional one year until November 16, 2018.

(10) 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

Due to the Nasdaq delisting on December 19, 2016, the term of the 2014 Convertible Senior Notes (the “2014 Notes”) Indenture required the Company to offer to repurchase the entire principal and all remaining interest through the Notes’ original maturity date. The debt holders (the “Holders”) accepted the offer, and the Company was required to repurchase the entire 2014 Notes on March 10, 2017. 

The full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes, as well as $660,000 of interest payments and cash and stock forbearance payments were completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, through a series of transactions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple agreements to extend the date for payment of the 2014 Notes to June 20, 2017. As an additional consideration to the Holders to delay the 2014 Notes repayment, the Company issued the Holders an aggregate 7.1 million common stock. The total forbearance charge of $2.6 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss and was based upon the fair value of the common stock of $2.1 million on the grant date and cash payments of $0.5 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repaid in cash $3.0 million of principal of the 2014 Notes, and repaid an additional $3.0 million of principal in common stock and warrants, and $5 million of principal of the 2014 Notes was repurchased by the investor pursuant to an Exchange Agreement and Note Agreement, as described below.

2017 Secured Convertible Notes

On June 21, 2017, an unaffiliated investor (the “Investor”) agreed to purchase $5.0 million of the 2014 Notes from the Holders, pursuant to a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”).

Also on June 21, 2017, the Company and the Investor entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange its $5.0 million of the 2014 Note for new convertible notes (the “2017 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $5.6 million, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%. The Company and the Investor also entered another secured convertible note with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $355,000, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%, for $204,000 in cash. Total debt outstanding as of September 30, 2017 was $5.4 million under the 2017 Secured Convertible Notes.

The 2017 Notes have a 3-year maturity and bear interest at 12% per annum. No interest will be payable during the term, but interest will accrue and be payable at maturity. The 2017 Notes are secured by the property owned by the Company in the U.K., and not by any other assets of the Company. The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share. The transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The Company recorded an approximate $1.8 million embedded conversion feature on the 2017 Notes as part of debt discount on the issuance date.

On August 4, 2017, the Company induced the holder to convert $650,000 principal of the 2017 Notes into approximately 3.3 million shares of common stock at fair value of $0.24. In addition, the Company also issued approximately 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.23 and 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.30. The aggregate fair value of these 3.2 million warrants was approximately $0.4 million using a Black-Scholes model. The Company also reversed approximately $108,000 of embedded derivative liabilities and a $256,000 unamortized debt discount associated with the 2017 Notes. The Company recorded approximately $668,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

The following table summarizes total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes, other notes and mortgage loan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively (in thousands):

	For the three months ended				For the nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Interest expenses related to 2014 Senior convertible notes:
Contractual interest	$	-	$	139	$	424	$	413
Amortization of debt issuance costs		-		71		175		211
Total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes		-		210		599		624
Interest expenses related to other notes:
Contractual interest		354		38		743		114
Additional debt premium		59		-		407		-
Amortization of debt discount		345		-		615		-
Total interest expenses related to other notes		758		38		1,765		114
Interest expenses related to mortgage loan:
Contractual interest		304		305		953		970
Amortization of debt issuance costs		126		136		368		428
Total interest expenses on the mortgage loan		430		441		1,321		1,398
Other interest expenses		5		2		10		2
Total interest expense	$	1,193	$	691	$	3,695	$	2,138

8. Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss per common share is computed similar to basic loss per common share except that it reflects the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

The following securities were not included in the diluted net loss per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive as of the periods presented (in thousands): 

	For the nine months ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
Common stock options		12,656		1,551
Common stock warrants - equity treatment		37,499		38,990
Common stock warrants - liability treatment		141,468		1,316
Share-settled debt and accrued interest, at fair value		23,406		-
Convertible notes and accrued interest		15,293		1,744
Potentially dilutive securities		230,322		43,601

9. Related Party Transactions

Cognate BioServices, Inc.

Cognate Expenses and Accounts Payable

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company owed Cognate $27.8 million (after waiver of $3.75 million by Cognate as described below) and $23.4 million, respectively, for unpaid invoices for manufacturing and related services, based on Cognate invoicing to date. The Company and Cognate have been negotiating an overall settlement for amounts owed to Cognate for 2016 and 2017, to reduce the amounts otherwise due under the contracts, and subsequent to September 30, 2017 reached an agreement in principle. The parties are now in the process of drafting and executing the agreement.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Cognate waived its right to receive payment of $3.75 million in connection with certain payables, which was owed to Cognate by the Company as of December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2017. Following this waiver, the Company owed Cognate $27.8 million for unpaid invoices as of September 30, 2017. 

Overall, for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred research and development costs related to Cognate BioServices of $7.8 million and $18.2 million, respectively, relating to the DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials. 

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Overall, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred research and development costs related to Cognate BioServices of approximately $13.0 million and $34.8 million, respectively, relating to the DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials, based on Cognate invoicing to date.  The substantial reduction in costs related to Cognate BioServices relates in part to reduction in clinical trial related activity, in part to an arrangement being tested under which the Company would no longer have capacity dedicated to its programs and instead would have to arrange for advance scheduling in regard to each patient individually, and in part to negotiations that were under way between the Company and Cognate for an overall settlement for amounts owed to Cognate for 2016 and 2017. While the negotiations were under way and pending a final determination of amounts, for the first two quarters of this year only, Cognate invoiced a reduced portion of the contract amounts. Subsequent to September 30, 2017, the parties reached an agreement in principle for settlement of the overall amounts due from the Company to Cognate for 2017. The parties are now in the process of drafting and executing the agreement.

Cognate Organization

Pursuant to an institutional financing of Cognate in October 2016, Cognate’s operations outside the US were separated from its operations in the US. The operations outside the US include Cognate BioServices GmbH in Germany, Advent BioServices, Ltd (formerly called Cognate BioServices Ltd.) in the UK, and Cognate Israel in Israel. As a result of the separation, the Cognate affiliates outside the US are now owned by Toucan Capital Fund III, as is Cognate US. The Cognate affiliates in Germany and Israel are in the process of being wound down, and manufacturing and related activities are being expanded and consolidated in the U.K. The Company is in the process of establishing contract arrangements for the U.K. operations. Approximately $1.3 and $3.7 million of the total research and development cost related to Cognate entities outside the US are included in the overall amounts reported with respect to Cognate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

Other Related Parties

Leslie J. Goldman - Demand Loans

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,334,000 pursuant to certain Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). $470,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and $864,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% per annum.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $955,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of $350,000 outstanding debt incurred from the year ending December 31, 2016.

The outstanding principal amount for Goldman Notes was $689,000 as of September 30, 2017.

Toucan Capital III Fund - Demand Loans

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repaid approximately $688,000 of the Toucan Notes.

The outstanding principal amount for Toucan Notes was $482,000 as of September 30, 2017.

Various Related Parties - Demand Loans

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

10. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Common Stock Issuances

First Quarter of 2017

Public Offering

On March 17, 2017, the Company entered into agreements with institutional investors for a registered direct offering with gross proceeds of $7.5 million. The Company issued 18.8 million shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.26 per share, or pre-funded warrants in lieu of shares.  Additionally, the investors received 5 year Class A warrants to purchase up to approximately 21.6 million shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.26 per share, 3 month Class B warrants to purchase up to approximately 21.6 million shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.00 per share, and a pre-paid 3 month Class C warrant to purchase up to approximately 10.0 million shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.26 per share, of which $0.25 per share was pre-paid at the time of closing and another $0.01 per share is payable upon exercise of each Class C Warrant. Total warrants issued in March 2017 have value of approximately $6.2 million.

Warrants Exercised for Cash

During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 3.1 million shares of common stock from the exercise of warrants that were issued in March 2017 for total proceeds of $31,000. All of these 3.1 million shares of common stock were related to extinguishment of warrant liabilities. The fair value of the warrant liabilities was $713,000 on the date of exercise, which were recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital.

Stock Compensation - 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

On March 10, 2017, the Company issued approximately 4 million shares of common stock to the holders of the Company’s $11 million senior convertible notes as additional consideration to enter into a payment plan and extend the debt payment. The fair value of the common stock on the grant date was approximately $1.5 million. The Company recorded such cost as a debt extinguishment loss.

Share-settled Debt

On March 30, 2017, the Company issued 2.5 million shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt (the “Holder”) as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold.

Second Quarter of 2017

Public and Private Offering

On April 14, 2017, the Company entered into Stock Purchase Agreement with multiple investors. The Company issued approximately 1.4 million shares of common stock at a price of $0.26 per share. The investors received Class A Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to approximately 1 million shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.26 per share (the “Class A Warrants”) and Class B Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to approximately 1 million shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share (the “Class B Warrants”). Both the Class A Warrants and the Class B Warrants are exercisable immediately. The Class A Warrants are exercisable for five years and the Class B Warrants are exercisable for three months. The Company received gross proceeds of $360,000 from this offering.

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements with multiple investors. The Company issued approximately 3.6 million shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $0.15 per share. The investors also received approximately an aggregate 3.3 million warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $0.33 per share. The Company received gross proceeds of $552,000 from this offering.

Debt Conversion

On May 22, 2017, the holders of certain existing notes converted approximately $2.0 million principal amount and accrued interest for approximately 11 million shares of its common stock at a price of $0.18 per share and issued to such investors approximately 8 million Class A warrants with exercise price of $0.26 per share for a period of 5 years and approximately 8 million Class B warrants with exercise price of $1.00 per share for a period of 90 days. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $1.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The difference of $0.7 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

On May 31, 2017, the Company and certain unaffiliated institutional investors (the “Investor”) entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange $3.0 million of the Company’s 2014 Senior Convertible Notes for 20,628,571 shares of common stock, warrants to acquire up to approximately 16 million shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.175 per share and exercisable for 2 years from the date of issuance of such warrants, and 800,000 shares of Common Stock.  The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $3.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

On June 5, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $0.5 million principal amount and accrued interest of certain notes held by an unaffiliated investor for approximately 3.3 million shares of its common stock at a price of $0.14 per share and issued to such investors approximately 2.5 million Class D warrants with exercise price of $0.175 per share for a period of 2 years. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The difference of $0.4 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss.

Warrants Exercised for Cash

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company issued approximately 6.9 million shares of common stock from the exercise of pre-paid warrants that were issued in March 2017 with an exercise price of $0.26, of which $0.25 was paid in March and $0.01 was paid at the time of exercise, for proceeds of $69,000 at the time of exercise during the three months ended June 30, 2017.  All of these 6.9 million shares of common stock were related to extinguishment of warrant liabilities. The fair value of the warrant liabilities was approximately $1.1 million on the date of exercise, which were recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital.

Stock Compensation - 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company issued approximately 3 million shares of common stock to the holders of the Company’s $11 million senior convertible note as additional consideration to extend the debt payment and to enter into a forbearance agreement. The fair value of the common stock on the grant date was approximately $0.5 million. The Company recorded such cost as a debt extinguishment loss.

Share-settled Debt

On June 14, 2017, the Company issued 1 million shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt (the “Holder”) as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold.

Third Quarter of 2017

Public and Private Offering

On September 22, 2017, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with multiple investors. The Company issued approximately 8.7 million shares of common stock at a price of $0.20 per share. The investors received Class A Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to approximately 4.4 million shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.22 per share (the “Class A Warrants”). The Class A Warrants are exercisable immediately and are exercisable for five years. The Company received gross proceeds of $1.8 million (net proceeds of $1.6 million) from this offering.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements with multiple investors. The Company issued 5.4 million shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $0.20 per share. The investors also received an aggregate of 5.3 million warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $0.26 per share. The Company received gross proceeds of $1.1 million from this offering.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company received an aggregate of $2.6 million from multiple investors as an advance of certain Subscription Agreements that were entered in November 2017. The Company recorded a $2.6 million shares payable as of September 30, 2017.

Warrants Exercised for Cash and Warrants Modification

On August 7, 2017, the Company entered into a $2.7 million financing with an institutional health care investor holding Class B Warrants exercisable for approximately 13.5 million shares of Common Stock of the Company, in which the investor exercised its Class B Warrants in full in return for amendment of the investor’s Class B Warrants to reduce the exercise from $1.00 to $0.20 per share, as set forth in a Warrant Repricing Letter Agreement. The Class B Warrants were originally issued on March 17, 2017 with an exercise period of 90 days, and the exercise period was previously extended to August 24, 2017. The fair value of the amended Class B Warrants on the amendment date was approximately $0.3 million using a Black-Scholes model. There was no residual value for the original Class B warrants as of the amendment date, so the Company recorded $0.3 million as inducement loss.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

As consideration for the investor’s exercise in full of the Class B Warrants, the Company agreed to issue to the investor new Series A Warrants exercisable for the purchase of 13.5 million shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.27 per share, with an exercise period of 5 years. The Company also issued an aggregate amount of 0.9 million Class A warrants at an exercise price of $0.27 per share, with an exercise period of 5 years to certain placement agent. The fair value of these 14.5 million warrants were approximately $2.0 million using a Black-Scholes model, and the Company recorded such cost as inducement loss.

Cashless Warrants Exercise

On July 17, 2017, holders of approximately 16 million Class A warrants of the Company exercised such warrants on a cashless basis in exchange for the delivery of approximately 6.9 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The fair value of these Class A warrants were approximately $3.1 million as of July 17, 2017.

Debt Conversions

During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company induced certain debt holders to convert approximately $5.5 million of principal and interest into approximately 32.9 million shares of common stock at a fair value of approximately $7.8 million. In addition the Company issued approximately 40.4 million warrants with a weighted average exercise price of $0.48 and a fair value of $4.7 million.

Share-settled Debt

During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company issued 3.5 million shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold.

As of September 30, 2017, the outstanding share-settled debt was approximately $4.0 million.

Shares for Services

On July 6, 2017, as compensation for services as a Director, the Company issued 1.3 million shares of its common stock at fair value of $0.18 to a designee of Robert Farmer.

Stock Purchase Warrants

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Number of			Weighted Average		Remaining
	Warrants			Exercise Price		Contractual Term
Outstanding as of January 1, 2017		58,278		$	1.78		3.86
Warrants granted		191,965			0.47
Warrants exercised for cash		(24,327	)		0.11
Cashless warrants exercise		(16,071	)		0.20
Warrants expired and cancellation		(30,878	)		1.18
Outstanding as of September 30, 2017		178,967		$	0.84		3.52

11. Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) are entities in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest.  VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary.  The primary beneficiary is the party who has both the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. 

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

After the assumption of $5.7 million in debt originally incurred by Cognate in October 2016 the Company had an implicit variable interest in Cognate to potentially fund Cognate’s losses (if Cognate incurs losses).  The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of Cognate upon its initial involvement and the Company reassess whether it is the primary beneficiary of Cognate on an ongoing basis.  The determination of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of Cognate is based upon the facts and circumstances and requires significant judgment.  The Company’s considerations in determining Cognate’s most significant activities and whether the Company has power to direct those activities include, but are not limited to, Cognate’s purpose and design and the risks passed through to investors, the equity ownership and voting interests of Cognate, management, service and/or other agreements of Cognate, involvement in Cognate’s initial design and the existence of explicit or implicit financial guarantees.  As of September 30, 2017, the Company does not have the power over the most significant activities (control of operating decisions) and therefore does not meet the "power" criteria of the primary beneficiary.

The maximum exposure to loss is limited to the notional amounts of the implicit variable interest in Cognate.  The Company has no current plans to provide any support additional to that which is noted above.  Therefore, the maximum exposure to loss from its implicit interest is limited to $4.5 million as of September 30, 2017; which is the shutdown fee the Company must pay to terminate their relationship with Cognate.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Contingent Payment to Cognate BioServices

Under the January 17, 2014 DCVax®-L Manufacturing Services Agreement and the DCVax-Direct Agreement, a new set of provisions apply going forward to any shut down or suspension.  Under these provisions, the Company will be contingently obligated to pay certain fees to Cognate BioServices (in addition to any other remedies) if the Company shuts down or suspends its DCVax-L program or DCVax-Direct program.  For a shutdown or suspension of the DCVax-L program, the fees will be as follows:

· Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III trial for DCVax®-L or After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III clinical trial for DCVax®-L but before any submission for product approval in any jurisdiction or After the submission of any application for market authorization but prior to receiving a marketing authorization approval: in any of these cases, the fee shall be $3 million.  

· At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-L in any jurisdiction, the fee shall be $5 million.

For a shutdown or suspension of the DCVax-Direct program, the fees will be as follows:

· Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II trial for DCVax®-Direct, the fee shall be $1.5 million.  

· After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II clinical trial for DCVax®-Direct but before the initiation of a Phase III trial the fee shall be $2.0 million.  

· After initiation of a phase III trial but before submission of an application for market authorization in any jurisdiction or After the submission of an application for market authorization but prior to receiving a market authorization approval: in each of these cases, the fee shall be $3.0 million.  

· At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-Direct in any jurisdiction the fee shall be $5.0 million.

As of September 30, 2017, none of the above fees were triggered; however, the Company and Cognate discussed these fee provisions as part of an ongoing negotiation to determine the overall amounts to be paid for 2016 and 2017. Subsequent to September 30, 2017, the parties reached an agreement in principle for settlement of the overall amounts due from the Company to Cognate for 2017 which involves a reduction of the amounts that would otherwise be due under the contracts and includes suspension fees for the DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs.

While our DCVax programs are ongoing, the Company is required to pay certain fees for dedicated production suites or capacity reserved exclusively for DCVax production, and pay for a certain minimum number of patients, whether or not we fully utilize the dedicated capacity and number of patients. The Company and Cognate are testing an arrangement under which the Company would no longer have capacity dedicated to its programs and instead would have to arrange for advance scheduling in regard to each patient individually. In addition, the Company and Cognate are in the process of negotiating an overall settlement of amounts owed to Cognate for 2016 and 2017.

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Derivative and Class Action Litigation

On June 19, 2015, two purported shareholders filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Tharp, et al. v. Cognate, et al., C.A. 11179-VCG (Del. Ch. filed June 19, 2015), purportedly suing on behalf of a class of similarly situated shareholders and derivatively on behalf of the Company. The lawsuit named Cognate BioServices, Inc., Toucan Partners, Toucan Capital Fund III, our CEO Linda Powers and the individuals who then served on the Company’s Board of Directors as defendants, and named the Company as a “nominal defendant” with respect to the derivative claims. The complaint generally challenged certain transactions between the Company and Cognate and the Toucan entities, in which Cognate and the Toucan entities provided services and financing to the Company, or agreed to the conversion of debts owed to them by the Company into equity. The complaint sought unspecified monetary relief for the Company and the plaintiffs, and various forms of equitable relief, including disgorgement of allegedly improper benefits, rescission of the challenged transactions, and an order forbidding similar transactions in the future. After considerable litigation and negotiations, the parties reached an agreement to settle the case, along with the Yonemura case, discussed below. On October 17, 2017, the court entered a final order and judgment approving the settlement.

On November 19, 2015, a third purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, captioned Yonemura v. Powers, et al., No. 15-03526 (D. Md. filed Nov. 19, 2015), claiming to sue derivatively on behalf of the Company. The complaint names the individuals who then served on the Company’s Board of Directors, Toucan Capital Fund III, L.P., Toucan General II, LLC, Toucan Partners, LLC, and Cognate as defendants, and names the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint generally challenges the same transactions disputed in the Delaware case, claiming that the Company purportedly overcompensated Cognate and Toucan for certain services and loans in payments of stock, and that the Company’s CEO, Ms. Powers, benefited from these transactions with Cognate and Toucan, which she allegedly owns or controls. The complaint asserts that the alleged overpayments unjustly enriched Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate; that the Company’s directors breached their fiduciary duties of loyalty and good faith to the Company by authorizing the payments to Cognate; and that Ms. Powers, Cognate, and Toucan aided and abetted the directors’ breaches of fiduciary duties. The plaintiff sought an award of unspecified damages to the Company and equitable remedies, including disgorgement by Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate of the allegedly improper benefits received as a result of the disputed transactions. The plaintiff also sought costs and disbursements associated with bringing suit, including attorneys’ fees and expert fees. As discussed above, the parties have agreed to settle the Yonemura case along with the Tharp case; the Stipulation and Agreement of Compromise and Settlement thus addresses the claims in both lawsuits. The proceedings in the Yonemura case are currently stayed, and the plaintiff in Yonemura has agreed to dismiss that case on or before November 23, 2017.

On November 28, 2016, a purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland, captioned Wells v. Powers, et al., Case No. 427353-V (Md. Cir. Ct., Mont. Cnty. filed Nov. 28, 2016), claiming to sue derivatively on behalf of the Company. The complaint names six current and former members of the Company’s Board of Directors, Toucan Partners, LLC, Toucan Capital Fund III, L.P., Toucan Partners, LP (a non-existent entity), Toucan General II, LLC, and Cognate as defendants, and names the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint largely challenges the same transactions disputed in the two cases discussed above, claiming that the Company overcompensated Cognate and Toucan for certain services and loans. It asserts that, by authorizing those transactions, the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties to the Company, abused their ability to control and influence the Company, and engaged in gross mismanagement of the Company’s business and assets. In addition, the complaint claims that the individual defendants are liable to the Company for misleading its investors and financiers. The complaint claims that the individual defendants were unjustly enriched by receiving compensation while the Company’s stock price was allegedly artificially inflated; that Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate are “controlling” stockholders of the Company who breached their fiduciary duties to minority stockholders; that Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate, benefited from these transactions due to their alleged “control”; that the alleged overpayments unjustly enriched Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate; and that Toucan and Cognate aided and abetted the individual defendants in breaching their fiduciary duties. The plaintiff sought the award of unspecified damages to the Company; an order from the court directing the Company to reform its corporate governance and internal procedures; and equitable remedies, including restitution and disgorgement from defendants. The plaintiff also seeks the costs and disbursements associated with bringing suit, including attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses. After considerable litigation and negotiations, the parties reached an agreement to settle the case. On October 6, 2017, the parties submitted a Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement, which the court preliminarily approved on November 6, 2017. A hearing is currently scheduled for January 3, 2018, at which the court is expected to consider, among other things, whether to grant final approval of the proposed settlement.

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

As previously reported, the Company has received a number of formal information requests (subpoenas) from the SEC regarding several broad topics that have been previously disclosed, including the Company’s membership on Nasdaq and delisting, related party matters, the Company’s programs, internal controls and the Company’s Special Litigation Committee. Testimony of certain officers and third parties has been taken as well. The Company is cooperating with the SEC investigation and is hopeful that it is reaching its final stages.

Special Litigation Committee

As previously reported, the Company appointed a Special Litigation Committee, and Committee has undertaken an inquiry into the allegations of various lawsuits filed against the Company, and an anonymous internet report raising a number of criticisms of the Company and its Board and management, including with respect to the reasonableness of the transactions with Cognate. The Committee has retained experts to analyze some of these issues.

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

13. Subsequent Events

Public and Private Offering

On October 20, 2017, the Company sold 2.9 million shares of common stock at a price of $0.17 per share and issued approximately 1.5 million Class D Warrants exercisable at $0.22 per share for a period of 2 years for an aggregate of $0.5 million.

Debt Modification

In October and November, 2017, the Company entered into multiple Exchange Agreements with an existing debt holder (the “Holder”). The Holder agreed to exchange his existing promissory notes with an aggregate original principal amount of $2.2 million for a new promissory note (the “Exchange Note”) in the principal amount of $2.4 million. The Exchange Note bore interest at 8% per annum and will be due in September 2018 and December 2018.

U.K. Lease

On October 10, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement to lease to Commodities Centre, a commodity storage and distribution firm domiciled in the U.K., an existing approximately 275,000 square foot warehouse building on the Company’s property in Sawston, U.K. The term of the lease will be five years, with the potential for the tenant to discontinue at three years and five months. The tenant will undertake at least $1.1 million of repairs and improvements to the building in return for five and a half months of free rent (which began upon execution of the lease and ends on March 24, 2018). Thereafter, the tenant will pay rent at an annualized rate of approximately $1.0 million for the first year, and thereafter rent at an annualized rate of approximately $1.4 million for each year or partial year for the rest of the lease term, plus VAT. The tenant will also pay a proportional share of the common costs and the insurance costs for the overall site. The tenant will pay for its own utilities and other costs for use of the warehouse.

26

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included with this report. In addition to historical information, this report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. The words “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements, but some forward-looking statements are expressed differently. Many factors could affect our actual results, including those factors described under “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and in Part II Item 1A of this report. These factors, among others, could cause results to differ materially from those presently anticipated by us. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Overview

The Company is focused on developing personalized immune therapies for cancer. We have developed a platform technology, DCVax, which uses activated dendritic cells to mobilize a patient's own immune system to attack their cancer.

The Company’s lead product, DCVax®-L, is designed to treat solid tumor cancers in which the tumor can be surgically removed. This product in an ongoing Phase III trial for newly diagnosed Glioblastome multiforme (GBM). 331 patients have been enrolled in the trial, and enrollment is closed. The Company is continuing to collect data “events” in the Phase III trial, and the data set is gradually maturing. The Company is also working on preparations for Phase II trials of DCVax-L for other indications.

The Company’s second product, DCVax®-Direct, is designed to treat inoperable solid tumors. A 40-patient Phase I trial has been completed, and included treatment of a diverse range of cancers. The Company is working on preparations for Phase II trials of DCVax-Direct.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash used in operations was $5.7 million and $9.8 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash used in operations was approximately $21.7 million and $41.6 million, respectively. The expenditures in 2017 have included substantial payments for expenses previously incurred in connection with the Phase III clinical trial of DCVax-L.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes (the Whitebox bonds), as well as $0.7 million of interest payments and $0.5 million of cash forbearance payments (in addition to stock forbearance payments) related to those 2014 Notes, was completed through a series of transactions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we completed equity and debt financings (including the exchange of the 2014 convertible notes) totaling $30.1 million. 

During the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we made cash payments to Cognate BioServices (including the UK affiliate) of $1.2 million and $4.8 million, respectively. Also during the three months ended September 30, 2017, Cognate waived payment of $3.75 million related to certain payables, which was owed to Cognate by the Company as of December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2017. Following this waiver, the Company owed Cognate (including the UK affiliate) $27.8 million for unpaid invoices as of September 30, 2017, based on reduced invoicing by Cognate while the Company and Cognate have been negotiating an overall settlement of amounts owed for 2016 and 2017, to reducing the amounts that would otherwise be owed under the contracts between the parties.

Subsequent to September 30, 2017, the Company and Cognate reached agreement in principle for settlement of the amounts owed, at a substantial reduction from the amounts that would otherwise be due under the contract terms.  The parties are now in the process of drafting and executing the agreement.  For 2016, the Company owes Cognate US approximately $17 million.  Under the settlement, the Company will only pay approximately $12 million, and the remaining $5 million is being written off.  The $12 million is being paid in preferred stock which will be convertible into common stock at $0.23 per share, and an equal number of warrants exercisable at $0.30 per share for a period of 2 years. For 2017, the Company would have owed Cognate US approximately $26 million under the contract terms.  Under the settlement, the Company will only pay Cognate US approximately $12 million..  Of this $12 million, $5 million is being paid stock, reducing the cash costs to approximately $7 million (part of which has been paid to date).  The $5 million is being paid in preferred stock on the same terms as the unrelated investors:  $0.17 per share and an equal number of warrants exercisable at $0.22 per share for a period of 5 years.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to accrued expenses and stock-based compensation. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates are detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates have not changed substantially from those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

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Results of Operations

Operating costs:

Operating costs and expenses consist primarily of research and development expenses, including clinical trial expenses which increase when we are actively participating in clinical trials and especially when we are in a large ongoing international phase III trial. The associated administrative expenses also increase as such operating activities grow.

In addition to clinical trial related costs, our operating costs may include ongoing work relating to our DCVax products, including R&D, product characterization, and related matters. Going forward, we will also have to undertake process validation work.

Our operating costs also include the costs of preparations for the launch of new or expanded clinical trial programs, such as our planned Phase II clinical trials. The preparation costs include payments to regulatory consultants, lawyers, statisticians, sites and others, evaluation of potential investigators, the clinical trial sites and the CROs managing the trials and other service providers, and expenses related to institutional approvals, clinical trial agreements (business contracts with sites), training of medical and other site personnel, trial supplies and other. Additional substantial costs relate to the maintenance of manufacturing capacity, in both the US and Europe.

Our operating costs also include significant legal and accounting costs in operating the Company.

Research and development:

Discovery and preclinical research and development expenses include costs for substantial external scientific personnel, technical and regulatory advisers, and others, costs of laboratory supplies used in our internal research and development projects, travel, regulatory compliance, and expenditures for preclinical and clinical trial operation and management when we are actively engaged in clinical trials.

Because we are a pre-revenue company, we do not allocate research and development costs on a project basis. We adopted this policy, in part, due to the unreasonable cost burden associated with accounting at such a level of detail and our limited number of financial and personnel resources.

General and administrative:

General and administrative expenses include administrative personnel related salary and benefit expenses, cost of facilities, insurance, travel, legal fees and expenses, property and equipment and amortization of stock options and warrants.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash used in operations was $5.7 million and $9.8 million, respectively. The cash expenditures in the three months ended September 30, 2017 included substantial payments for expenses previously incurred in connection with the Phase III clinical trial of DCVax-L. For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the net loss was $23.3 million and $29.2 million, respectively.

Research and Development Expense

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, research and development expense (cash and non-cash expenses combined) was $9.7 million and $21.1 million, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in cash and non-cash manufacturing and services costs for Cognate.

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we made cash payments to Cognate (including the U.K. affiliate) of approximately $1.2 million and $2.4 million to Cognate, respectively. At September 30, 2017, we owed Cognate (including the U.K. affiliate) $27.8 million (after waiver by Cognate of $3.75 million of the payables owed to Cognate by the Company as of December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2017), for unpaid invoices for DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials, based on invoicing to date while the Company and Cognate are negotiating an overall settlement of amounts owed for 2016 and 2017, which the Company anticipates will reduce the amounts that would otherwise be owed under the contracts between the parties.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative and legal expense were $4.6 million (cash and non-cash expenses combined) for the three months ended September 30, 2017 versus $4.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. We incurred legal expenses of $1.6 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

Employee Equity Compensation

During October and November, the Company has been in discussions with unrelated investors for a Series A Preferred Stock financing, which the Company expects to close shortly.  The process has included discussions about employee equity compensation, and the fact that essentially no employee equity awards have been made in more than 5 years, except to the Company’s two senior scientific officers in June of this year, and as a result the Company management and employees have virtually no equity component to their compensation. Such a lack of equity incentive compensation is highly unusual in biotech and start-up companies.  Meanwhile, Company employees have made extraordinary efforts in moving the clinical programs forward, successfully resolving all of the litigation cases, and addressing a host of challenges with liquidity, regulatory scrutiny and other matters.    

Following the discussions with investors, on November 19, 2017 the Company’s Board approved a new plan for equity awards of fifteen percent of the authorized shares at present, to take account of employee and director performance over the last approximately 6 years and anticipated performance over the next approximately 2 years. The awards are subject to various vesting provisions, forfeiture and acceleration provisions tied to milestones over the next 2 years. The Company is now undertaking the steps for implementation.

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Inducement Loss

During the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we recorded inducement loss of $2.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively related to the extinguishment and modification on warrant liabilities.

Change in fair value of derivatives

During the three months ended September 30, 2017 we recognized a non-cash loss of $4.9 million as compared to a non-cash loss of approximately $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. The non-cash loss was due to the valuation on embedded derivative liabilities associated with convertible debt.

Interest Expense

Interest expense (including non-cash elements such as amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost) was $1.2 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The change is due to the increase in the outstanding debt balance as of September 30, 2017 versus June 30, 2016.

Debt Extinguishment Loss

Due to the multiple debt conversions during the three months ended September 30, 2017, we recognized a $2.0 million loss from the extinguishment of debt. During the three months ended September 30 2016, we recorded loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.4 million related to the conversion of $1.0 million debt and accrued interest to common stock and warrants.

Foreign currency transaction loss

During the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we recognized foreign currency transaction gains of $1.3 million and a $0.9 million loss, respectively. The 2017 gain was due to the strengthening of the British pound sterling relative to the U.S. dollar during the three months ended September 30, 2017. The 2016 loss was due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling during the three months ended September 30, 2016.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we recognized a net loss of $46.1 million and $49.5 million, respectively. Net cash used in operations was $21.7 million and $41.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The cash expenditures in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 included substantial payments for expenses previously incurred in connection with the Phase III clinical trial of DCVax-L.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses (cash and non-cash expenses combined) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, was $20.2 million and $43.2 million, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction of approximately $21.8 million of non-cash manufacturing and services costs to Cognate.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we made cash payments to Cognate (including the U.K. affiliate) of approximately $4.7 million, and $10.1 million, respectively. At September 30, 2017, we owed Cognate (including the U.K. affiliate) $27.8 million (after waiver by Cognate of $3.75 million of the payables owed to Cognate by the Company as of December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2017) for unpaid invoices for DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials, ), based on invoicing to date while the Company and Cognate are negotiating an overall settlement of amounts owed for 2016 and 2017, which the Company anticipates will reduce the amounts that would otherwise be owed under the contracts between the parties.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative and legal expense were $16.8 million (cash and non-cash expenses combined) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 versus $15.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to accounting fees related to the SEC investigation, litigation cases and consulting fees for financing activities.

Inducement Loss

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we recorded inducement loss of $2.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively related to the extinguishment and modification on warrant liabilities.

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Change in fair value of derivatives

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 we recognized a non-cash gain of $3.0 million and $17.2 million, respectively. The non-cash gains were due to the decrease of our stock price for both periods.

Interest Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, interest expense (including non-cash elements such as amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost) was $3.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively. The change is due to the increase in outstanding debt balance as of September 30, 2017 versus September 30, 2016.

Debt Extinguishment Loss

Due to the multiple debt conversion during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recognized a $10.5 million loss from the extinguishment of debt. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.4 million related to the conversion of $1.0 million debt and accrued interest to common stock and warrants. The fair value of the common stock and warrants were approximately $1.4 million, and the excess amount was recorded as inducement cost.

Foreign currency transaction loss

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we recognized foreign currency transaction gain of $4.1 million and a foreign currency transaction loss of $4.7 million, respectively. The 2017 gain was due to the strengthening of the British pound sterling relative to the U.S. dollar during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The 2016 loss was due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have experienced recurring losses from operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we completed equity and debt financings (including the exchange of the 2014 convertible notes) totaling $30.1 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash outflows from operations were $21.7 million and $41.6 million, respectively. The net cash outflows during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 included substantial payments for expenses previously incurred in connection with the Phase III clinical trial of DCVax-L.

At September 30, 2017, current assets totaled $2.1 million, compared to $7.9 million at December 31, 2016. Current assets less current liabilities produces working capital deficit (cash and non-cash liabilities combined) in the amount of $79 million at September 30, 2017 (with $11.9 million of the $79 million deficit comprised of non-cash warrant liabilities and $6.2 million comprised of an estimated liability for future environmental costs), compared to a deficit of $68.5 million at December 31, 2016, as described above.

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Contingent Contractual Payment

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2017 (amount in thousands):

	Payment Due by Period
			Less than		1 to 2
	Total		1 Year		Years
Short term notes payable (1)
8% unsecured		2,416		2,416		-
8% unsecured		2,338		2,338		-
10% unsecured		650		650
12% unsecured		440		440		-
Short term notes payable - related parties (2)
10% unsecured - Related Parties (on demand)		1,421		1,421		-
12% unsecured - Related Parties (on demand)		50		50		-
Long term convertible notes payable (3)
12% secured convertible notes and interest		7,576		-		7,576
Share-settled debt, at fair value (4)		4,213		4,213		-
Mortgage loan and interest (5)		11,842		11,842		-
Operating leases (6)		268		268		-
Purchase obligations (7)
Total	$	31,214	$	23,638	$	7,576

(1) The obligations related to short term notes were approximately $5.6 million as of September 30, 2017, which included remaining contractual unpaid interest of $0.2 million.

(2) The obligations related to short term notes to related parties were approximately $1.5 million as of September 30, 2017, which included loans of $50,000 from Cofer Black, a Company Director; $125,000 from Jerry Jasinowski, a Company Director; $125,000 from Robert Farmer, a Company Director; $689,000 from Leslie Goldman, an officer of the Company, and $482,000 remaining balance owed to Toucan Capital Fund III from its loan in April 2017 and June 2017.

(3) The obligations related to long term convertible notes were approximately $5.4 million as of September 30, 2017, and $2.2 million unpaid interest. The convertible notes will be due in June 2020.

(4) The share settled debt included $4.0 million principal balance and $0.2 million accrued interest as of September 30, 2017.

(5) The mortgage loan contains approximately $10.4 million principal, $0.9 million renewal fee and exit fee which will be due at end of the loan term, and $0.6 million of remaining interest payments.

(6) The operating leases obligations during the next 2 years included $161,000, $36,000 and $89,000 to our office in Maryland, Germany and London, respectively.

(7) We have possible contingent obligations to pay certain fees to Cognate BioServices (in addition to any other remedies) if we shut down or suspend its DCVax-L program or DCVax-Direct program.  These obligations are not reflected in the accompanying balance sheets. For a shut down or suspension of the DCVax-L program, the fees will be as follows:

· Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III trial for DCVax®-L or After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III clinical trial for DCVax®-L but before any submission for product approval in any jurisdiction or after the submission of any application for market authorization but prior to receiving a marketing authorization approval: in any of these cases, the fee shall be $3 million.

· At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-L in any jurisdiction, the fee shall be $5 million

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For a shut down or suspension of the DCVax-Direct program, the fees will be as follows:

· Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II trial for DCVax®-Direct, the fee shall be $1.5 million.

· After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II clinical trial for DCVax®-Direct but before the initiation of a Phase III trial the fee shall be $2.0 million.

· After initiation of a phase III trial but before submission of an application for market authorization in any jurisdiction or after the submission of an application for market authorization but prior to receiving a market authorization approval: in each of these cases, the fee shall be $3.0 million.

· At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-Direct in any jurisdiction the fee shall be $5.0 million.

As of September 30, 2017, none of the above fees were triggered; however, the Company and Cognate are discussing these fee provisions as part of an ongoing negotiation to determine the overall amounts to be paid for 2016 and 2017. The Company anticipates that when a determination of the amounts is reached, it will involve a reduction of the amounts that would otherwise be due under the contracts.

While our DCVax programs are ongoing, the Company is required to pay certain fees for dedicated production suites or capacity reserved exclusively for DCVax production, and pay for a certain minimum number of patients, whether or not we fully utilize the dedicated capacity and number of patients. The Company and Cognate are testing an arrangement under which the Company would no longer have capacity dedicated to its programs and instead would have to arrange for advance scheduling in regard to each patient individually. In addition, the Company and Cognate are in the process of negotiating an overall settlement of amounts owed to Cognate for 2016 and 2017.

Operating Activities

During the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash outflows from operations were $5.7 million and $9.8 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, net cash outflows from operations were $21.7 million and $41.6 million, respectively.

Investing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we received a $0.2 million VAT refund from certain vendors relating to the UK construction.

During the nine months end September 30, 2016, we used approximately $4.8 million to capitalize costs related to the UK facility.

Financing Activities

We received approximately $9.5 million and $13.7 million in cash proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in the registered direct offering during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

We received approximately $1.6 million in cash proceeds from the issuance of common stock and warrants in private offerings during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

We received approximately $2.8 million and $8.1 million cash proceeds from exercise of warrants during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

We received approximately $9.3 million in cash proceeds from issuance of multiple debts to third parties and related parties during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

We made aggregate debt payments of $4.9 million, including a $1.6 million payment to related parties during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Our financial statements indicate there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern as we are dependent on our ability to obtain ongoing financing and ultimately to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our obligations on a timely basis. The Company has operated with going concern determinations throughout more than a decade.  However, we can give no assurance that our plans and efforts to achieve the above steps will be successful.

Other factors affecting our ongoing funding requirements include the number of staff we employ, the number of active sites and number of patients still undergoing treatment in our Phase III brain cancer trial, the costs of further product and process development work relating to our DCVax products, the costs of preparations for multiple Phase II trials, the costs of expansion of manufacturing, and unanticipated developments. The extent of resources available to us will determine which programs can move forward and at what pace.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may result from the change in value of financial instruments due to fluctuations in its market price. Market risk is inherent in all financial instruments. Market risk may be exacerbated in times of trading illiquidity when market participants refrain from transacting in normal quantities and/or at normal bid-offer spreads. Our exposure to market risk is directly related to derivatives, debt and equity linked instruments related to our financing activities.

Our assets and liabilities are overwhelmingly denominated in U.S. dollars. We do not use foreign currency contracts or other derivative instruments to manage changes in currency rates. We do not now, nor do we plan to, use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. However, these circumstances might change.

The primary quantifiable market risk associated with our financial instruments is sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk represents the potential loss from adverse changes in market interest rates. We use an interest rate sensitivity simulation to assess our interest rate risk exposure. For purposes of presenting the possible earnings effect of a hypothetical, adverse change in interest rates over the 12-month period from our reporting date, we assume that all interest rate sensitive financial instruments will be impacted by a hypothetical, immediate 100 basis point increase in interest rates as of the beginning of the period. The sensitivity is based upon the hypothetical assumption that all relevant types of interest rates that affect our results would increase instantaneously, simultaneously and to the same degree. We do not believe that our cash and equivalents have significant risk of default or illiquidity.

The sensitivity analyses of the interest rate sensitive financial instruments are hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on a 1% or 2% variation in an estimate generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in the estimate to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular estimate on the fair value of financial instruments is calculated independent of changes in any other estimate; in practice, changes in one factor may result in changes in another factor, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities. In addition, the sensitivity analyses do not consider any action that we may take to mitigate the impact of any adverse changes in the key estimates.

Based on our analysis, as of September 30, 2017, the effect of a 100+/- basis point change in interest rates on the value of our financial instruments and the resultant effect on our net loss are considered immaterial.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Certain of our Company’s finance and accounting functions are performed by an external firm on a contract services basis. This firm specializes in providing finance and accounting functions for biotech companies, and the founders and senior managers are highly experienced former partners of national accounting firms. Further, the Company is engaged with a second external firm: one that specializes in Sarbanes-Oxley matters and helping public companies improve their disclosure controls and procedures. Together with these two external firms, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our principal executive, financial and accounting officer concluded that during the period covered by this report, our Company’s processes for internally reporting material information in a systematic manner to allow for timely filing of material information were not effective, due to inherent limitations from being a small company, and the three material weaknesses described in our December 31, 2016 Form 10-K remain as of the filing of this form 10-Q.  We continue to implement the enhanced procedures and controls developed during 2016, and we continue to work together with the two external firms to further strengthen our disclosure controls and procedures, and further mitigate the remaining weaknesses.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We continue to make further improvements to our internal controls over financial reporting, in addition to the improvements developed in 2016. During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, we implemented enhanced procedures to identify and disclose related party transactions.  These enhanced procedures did not result in identifying any related party transactions other than the ones already known and disclosed. We will continue to take steps to improve our internal control system and to address the remaining deficiencies, but the timing of such steps is uncertain and our ability to retain or attract qualified individuals to undertake these functions is also uncertain.  Other than the enhanced procedures to identify and disclose related party transactions, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting in the quarter ended September 30, 2017 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II - Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Derivative and Class Action Litigation

On June 19, 2015, two purported shareholders filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Tharp, et al. v. Cognate, et al., C.A. 11179-VCG (Del. Ch. filed June 19, 2015), purportedly suing on behalf of a class of similarly situated shareholders and derivatively on behalf of the Company. The lawsuit named Cognate BioServices, Inc., Toucan Partners, Toucan Capital Fund III, our CEO Linda Powers and the individuals who then served on the Company’s Board of Directors as defendants, and named the Company as a “nominal defendant” with respect to the derivative claims. The complaint generally challenged certain transactions between the Company and Cognate and the Toucan entities, in which Cognate and the Toucan entities provided services and financing to the Company, or agreed to the conversion of debts owed to them by the Company into equity. The complaint sought unspecified monetary relief for the Company and the plaintiffs, and various forms of equitable relief, including disgorgement of allegedly improper benefits, rescission of the challenged transactions, and an order forbidding similar transactions in the future. After considerable litigation and negotiations, the parties reached an agreement to settle the case, along with the Yonemura case, discussed below. On October 17, 2017, the court entered a final order and judgment approving the settlement.

On November 19, 2015, a third purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, captioned Yonemura v. Powers, et al., No. 15-03526 (D. Md. filed Nov. 19, 2015), claiming to sue derivatively on behalf of the Company. The complaint names the individuals who then served on the Company’s Board of Directors, Toucan Capital Fund III, L.P., Toucan General II, LLC, Toucan Partners, LLC, and Cognate as defendants, and names the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint generally challenges the same transactions disputed in the Delaware case, claiming that the Company purportedly overcompensated Cognate and Toucan for certain services and loans in payments of stock, and that the Company’s CEO, Ms. Powers, benefited from these transactions with Cognate and Toucan, which she allegedly owns or controls. The complaint asserts that the alleged overpayments unjustly enriched Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate; that the Company’s directors breached their fiduciary duties of loyalty and good faith to the Company by authorizing the payments to Cognate; and that Ms. Powers, Cognate, and Toucan aided and abetted the directors’ breaches of fiduciary duties. The plaintiff sought an award of unspecified damages to the Company and equitable remedies, including disgorgement by Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate of the allegedly improper benefits received as a result of the disputed transactions. The plaintiff also sought costs and disbursements associated with bringing suit, including attorneys’ fees and expert fees. As discussed above, the parties have agreed to settle the Yonemura case along with the Tharp case; the Stipulation and Agreement of Compromise and Settlement thus addresses the claims in both lawsuits. The proceedings in the Yonemura case are currently stayed, and the plaintiff in Yonemura has agreed to dismiss that case on or before November 23, 2017.

On November 28, 2016, a purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland, captioned Wells v. Powers, et al., Case No. 427353-V (Md. Cir. Ct., Mont. Cnty. filed Nov. 28, 2016), claiming to sue derivatively on behalf of the Company. The complaint names six current and former members of the Company’s Board of Directors, Toucan Partners, LLC, Toucan Capital Fund III, L.P., Toucan Partners, LP (a non-existent entity), Toucan General II, LLC, and Cognate as defendants, and names the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint largely challenges the same transactions disputed in the two cases discussed above, claiming that the Company overcompensated Cognate and Toucan for certain services and loans. It asserts that, by authorizing those transactions, the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties to the Company, abused their ability to control and influence the Company, and engaged in gross mismanagement of the Company’s business and assets. In addition, the complaint claims that the individual defendants are liable to the Company for misleading its investors and financiers. The complaint claims that the individual defendants were unjustly enriched by receiving compensation while the Company’s stock price was allegedly artificially inflated; that Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate are “controlling” stockholders of the Company who breached their fiduciary duties to minority stockholders; that Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate, benefited from these transactions due to their alleged “control”; that the alleged overpayments unjustly enriched Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate; and that Toucan and Cognate aided and abetted the individual defendants in breaching their fiduciary duties. The plaintiff sought the award of unspecified damages to the Company; an order from the court directing the Company to reform its corporate governance and internal procedures; and equitable remedies, including restitution and disgorgement from defendants. The plaintiff also seeks the costs and disbursements associated with bringing suit, including attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses. After considerable litigation and negotiations, the parties reached an agreement to settle the case. On October 6, 2017, the parties submitted a Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement, which the court preliminarily approved on November 6, 2017. A hearing is currently scheduled for January 3, 2018, at which the court is expected to consider, among other things, whether to grant final approval of the proposed settlement.

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

As previously reported, the Company has received a number formal information requests (subpoenas) from the SEC regarding several broad topics that have been previously disclosed, including the Company’s membership on Nasdaq and delisting, related party matters, the Company’s programs, internal controls and the Company’s Special Litigation Committee. Testimony of certain officers and third parties has been taken as well. The Company is cooperating with the SEC investigation and is hopeful that it is reaching its final stages.

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Special Litigation Committee

As previously reported, the Company appointed a Special Litigation Committee, and Committee has undertaken an inquiry into the allegations of various lawsuits filed against the Company, and an anonymous internet report raising a number of criticisms of the Company and its Board and management, including with respect to the reasonableness of the transactions with Cognate. The Committee has retained experts to analyze some of these issues.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

See risk factors described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On June 5, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $453,000 principal amount and $5,000 accrued interest of certain notes held by an unaffiliated investor for 3,300,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $0.14 per share and issued to such investors 2,475,000 Class D warrants with exercise price of $0.175 per share for a period of 2 years. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not Applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

31.1	Certification of President (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer), Pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
32.1	Certification of President, Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document.

* Filed herewith

** Furnished herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC
Dated: November 20, 2017	By:	/s/ Linda F. Powers
		Name:	Linda F. Powers
		Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
			Principal Executive Officer
			Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Linda F. Powers, certify that:

(1)         I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc.;

(2)         Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3)         Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4)         I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15 (f)), for the registrant and have:

(a)         Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its condensed consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)         Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)         Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)         Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5)         I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)         All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)         Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 20, 2017
By:	/s/ Linda F. Powers
	Name:	Linda F. Powers
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
		Principal Executive Officer
		Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Linda F. Powers, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)  The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)  The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 20, 2017
By:	/s/ Linda F. Powers
	Name:	Linda F. Powers
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
		Principal Executive Officer
		Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

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Document And Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Nov. 20, 2017
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Registrant Name	NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001072379
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Trading Symbol	NWBO
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		315,858,713

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,051	$ 6,186
Restricted cash - interest payments held in escrow	0	685
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,077	1,013
Total current assets	2,128	7,884
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net	188	315
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom)	47,322	44,559
Other assets	110	148
Total non-current assets	47,620	45,022
Total assets	49,748	52,906
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	17,032	13,239
Accounts payable and accrued expenses to related parties	27,916	23,393
Convertible notes, net	135	10,960
Notes payable, net	5,294	2,450
Notes payable to related party	1,471	310
Share settled debt, at fair value (in default)	4,013	5,200
Total current liabilities	81,134	76,405
Shares payable	2,550	0
Environmental remediation liability	6,200	6,200
Warrant liability	11,883	4,862
Mortgage loan, net	4,640	9,791
Non-current liabilities:
Note payable, net of current portion, net	0	3,000
Convertible notes payable, net of current portion, net	5,072	0
Mortgage loan, net of current portion, net	6,375	0
Total non-current liabilities	11,447	3,000
Total liabilities	92,581	79,405
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Preferred stock ($0.001 par value); 40,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	0	0
Common stock ($0.001 par value); 450,000,000 shares authorized; 309,675,000 and 157,028,000 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	309	157
Additional paid-in capital	718,831	686,972
Accumulated deficit	(761,620)	(715,476)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) gain	(353)	1,848
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	(42,833)	(26,499)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$ 49,748	$ 52,906

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS [Parenthetical] - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	40,000,000	40,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	450,000,000	450,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	309,675,000	157,028,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	309,675,000	157,028,000

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Revenues:
Research and other	$ 148	$ 159	$ 304	$ 552
Total revenues	148	159	304	552
Operating costs and expenses:
Research and development	9,721	21,094	20,222	43,247
General and administrative	2,965	2,668	9,254	7,929
Legal expenses	1,595	1,913	7,530	7,394
Total operating costs and expenses	14,281	25,675	37,006	58,570
Loss from operations	(14,133)	(25,516)	(36,702)	(58,018)
Other income (expense):
Inducement loss	(2,297)	(1,457)	(2,297)	(1,457)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	(4,933)	(217)	2,963	17,238
Net loss from extinguishment of debt	(1,975)	(433)	(10,517)	(433)
Interest expense	(1,193)	(691)	(3,695)	(2,138)
Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)	1,260	(913)	4,104	(4,700)
Net loss	(23,271)	(29,227)	(46,144)	(49,508)
Deemed dividend related to warrant modification	0	(3,007)	0	(5,647)
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$ (23,271)	$ (32,234)	$ (46,144)	$ (55,155)
Net loss per share applicable to common stockholders - basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.08)	$ (0.28)	$ (0.21)	$ (0.52)
Weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	281,486	114,836	217,587	105,501

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Net loss	$ (23,271)	$ (29,227)	$ (46,144)	$ (49,508)
Other comprehensive gain (loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(561)	626	(2,201)	1,126
Total comprehensive loss	$ (23,832)	$ (28,601)	$ (48,345)	$ (48,382)

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) - 9 months ended Sep. 30, 2017 - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Cumulative Translation Adjustment [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ (26,499)	$ 157	$ 686,972	$ (715,476)	$ 1,848
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		157,027
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in a registered direct offering (net of $7.0 million warrant liability)	2,540	$ 29	2,511	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in a registered direct offering (net of $7.0 million warrant liability) (in shares)		28,979
Offering cost related to registered direct offering	(856)	$ 0	(856)	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in private offering (net of $1.0 million warrant liability)	614	$ 9	605	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in private offering (net of $1.0 million warrant liability) (in shares)		9,010
Warrants exercised for cash	2,805	$ 23	2,782	0	0
Warrants exercised for cash (in shares)		23,527
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	2,117	$ 0	2,117	0	0
Cashless warrants exercise	0	$ 7	(7)	0	0
Cashless warrants exercise (in shares)		6,940
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	3,054	$ 0	3,054	0	0
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock	1,187	$ 7	1,180	0	0
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock (in shares)		7,000
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	14,017	$ 69	13,948	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest (in shares)		68,789
Common stock issued for extinguishment of 2014 senior convertible notes	2,054	$ 7	2,047	0	0
Common stock issued for extinguishment of 2014 senior convertible notes (in shares)		7,090
Forgiveness of certain payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc.	3,750	$ 0	3,750	0	0
Stock-based compensation	729	$ 1	728	0	0
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		1,313
Net loss	(46,144)	$ 0	0	(46,144)	0
Cumulative translation adjustment	(2,201)	0	0	0	(2,201)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2017	$ (42,833)	$ 309	$ 718,831	$ (761,620)	$ (353)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2017		309,675

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) [Parenthetical] $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Derivative Liability, Current	$ 11,883
Direct Offering [Member]
Derivative Liability, Current	7,000
Private Offering [Member]
Derivative Liability, Current	$ 1,000

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net Loss	$ (46,144)	$ (49,508)
Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	141	135
Amortization of debt discount	1,158	639
Debt premium	407	0
Change in fair value of derivatives	(2,963)	(17,238)
Inducement loss	2,297	1,457
Loss from extinguishment of debt	10,067	433
Stock-based compensation	729	98
Stock issued to Cognate BioServices under Cognate Agreements	0	13,654
Subtotal of non-cash charges	11,836	(822)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(72)	617
Other non-current assets	38	70
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	4,368	1,697
Related party accounts payable and accrued expenses	8,273	6,391
Net cash used in operating activities	(21,701)	(41,555)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(14)	(4,770)
Refund of VAT related to UK construction	220	0
Net cash used in investing activities	206	(4,770)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in a registered direct offering	9,509	13,700
Offering cost related to registered direct offering	(856)	(1,077)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in private offering	1,616	926
Proceeds from private offering (shares payable)	2,550	0
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	2,805	8,066
Offering cost related to warrants exercise	0	(795)
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net	4,864	0
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable to related party	2,805	0
Repayment of notes payable to related parties	(1,644)	0
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable, net	1,604	0
Repayment of convertible notes payable	(3,258)	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	19,995	20,820
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(4,320)	3,944
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(5,820)	(21,561)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the period	6,871	23,048
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the period	1,051	1,487
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock	1,187	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	10,975	0
Exchange 2014 Senior Convertible Notes and accrued interest for secured convertible note	5,175	0
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	2,117	825
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants	3,054	0
Cashless warrants exercise	7	0
Issuance of warrants in conjunction with note payable	139	0
Forgiveness of certain payables from Cognate BioServices, Inc.	3,750	0
Embedded conversion features with issuance of secured convertible notes	1,826	0
Accrued renewal fee incurred from mortgage loan	218	211
Deemed dividend related to modification of warrant	0	5,647
Return of common stock and warrants from Cognate	0	8
Extinguishment of shares payable related to Cognate	0	22,539
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities related to Cognate	0	10,131
Issuance of common stock for accounts payable conversion	0	28
Issuance of common stock for debt conversion	0	934
Issuance of common stock for conversion of accrued interest	0	66
Mortgage Loan [Member]
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments	(969)	(1,497)
Convertible Notes Payable [Member]
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments	(485)	(275)
Notes Payable, Other Payables [Member]
Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Amortization of debt discount	615	0
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments	$ (47)	$ 0

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Organization and Description of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]

1. Organization and Description of Business

Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries NW Bio Gmbh, and Aracaris Capital, Ltd (collectively, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our”) were organized to discover and develop innovative immunotherapies for cancer.

The Company is developing an experimental dendritic cell vaccine using its platform technology known as DCVax. DCVax is currently being tested for use in the treatment of certain types of cancers.

Cognate BioServices, Inc. (“Cognate BioServices”), which is a company related by common ownership (Note 9), provides the Company with mission critical contract manufacturing services, research and development services, distribution and logistics, and related services, in compliance with the Company’s specifications and the applicable regulatory requirements for clinical grade cellular products. The Company and Cognate BioServices are currently parties to a series of contracts providing for these services as more fully described below. The Company is dependent on Cognate BioServices to provide the manufacturing services, and any interruption of such services could potentially have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to proceed with its clinical trials. Cognate BioServices’ manufacturing facility for clinical-grade cellular products is located in Memphis, Tennessee. In addition, a Cognate affiliate in the UK (which was formerly part of Cognate BioServices, and is now known as Advent BioServices) is preparing for production of DCVax-L products there. The Company and Advent are in the process of developing contract arrangements for manufacturing and related services for the U.K. and Europe.

Although there are many contract manufacturers for small molecule drugs and for biologics, there are only a few contract manufacturers in the U.S., and even fewer in Europe, that specialize in producing living cell products and that have a track record of success with regulatory authorities. The manufacturing of living cell products is highly specialized and entirely different than production of biologics: the physical facilities and equipment are different, the types of personnel and skill sets are different, and the processes are different. The regulatory requirements relating to manufacturing and cellular products are especially challenging and are one of the most frequent reasons for the development of a company’s cellular products to be put on clinical hold (i.e., stopped by regulatory authorities).

In addition, the Company’s programs require a large amount of capacity in these specialized manufacturing facilities. The Company’s products are fully personalized and not made in standardized batches: the Company’s products are made on demand, patient by patient, on an as needed basis.

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Liquidity, Financial Condition and Management Plans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Liquidity [Abstract]

Liquidity and Financial Condition [Text Block]

2. Liquidity, Financial Condition and Management Plans

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company used approximately $21.7 million and $41.6 million of cash in its operating activities, respectively. The expenditures in 2017 have included substantial payments for expenses previously incurred in connection with the Phase III clinical trial of DCVax-L.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company raised approximately $24.9 million in equity and debt securities to fund its operations, and raised an additional $5 million from a third party who retired the 2014 Notes on the Company’s behalf (see Note 7 for further details). As expected for a company that is pre-revenue, the Company incurred a net loss of $23.3 million and $46.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The Company had current assets of $2.1 million and a working capital deficit of approximately $79 million at September 30, 2017. The Company owed an aggregate of $27.8 million of trade liabilities to certain related parties as of September 30, 2017 (after waiver by such related parties of $3.75 million related to certain payables, which was owed to them by the Company), based on invoicing to date while the Company and Cognate were negotiating an overall settlement of amounts owed for 2016 and 2017. Subsequent to September 30, 2017, the parties reached an agreement in principle for settlement of the overall amounts due, which the reduced the amounts that would otherwise have been owed under the contracts between the parties. The parties are now in the process of drafting and executing the agreement.

The Company has not yet generated any material revenue from the sale of its products and is subject to all of the risks and uncertainties that are typically faced by biotechnology companies that devote substantially all of their efforts to R&D and clinical trials and do not yet have commercial products. The Company expects to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future. The Company’s existing liquidity is not sufficient to fund its operations, anticipated capital expenditures, working capital and other financing requirements until the Company reaches significant revenues.  Until that time, the Company will need to obtain additional equity and/or debt financing, especially if the Company experiences downturns in its business that are more severe or longer than anticipated, or if the Company experiences significant increases in expense levels resulting from being a publicly-traded company or from expansion of operations.  If the Company attempts to obtain additional equity or debt financing, the Company cannot assume that such financing will be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all.

Because of recurring operating losses, net operating cash flow deficits, and an accumulated deficit, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company has operated with going concern determinations throughout more than a decade, and so the condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.  The Company did not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2017, condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017 or for any future interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 has been derived from audited financial statements; however, it does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017.

Use of Estimates

In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include valuing equity securities in share-based payment arrangements, valuing environmental liabilities, estimating the fair value of financial instruments recorded as derivative liabilities, and estimating the useful lives of depreciable assets and whether impairment charges may apply.

Warrant Liability

The Company accounts for certain common stock warrants outstanding as a liability at fair value and adjusts the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the Company's statements of operations. The fair value of the warrants issued by the Company has been estimated using Monte Carlo simulation and or a Black Scholes model.

Sequencing

As of October 13, 2016, the Company adopted a sequencing policy whereby all future instruments may be classified as a derivative liability with the exception of instruments related to share-based compensation issued to employees or directors.

Environmental Remediation Liabilities

The Company records environmental remediation liabilities for properties acquired. The environmental remediation liabilities are initially recorded at fair value. The liability is reduced for actual costs incurred in connection with the clean-up activities for each property. Upon completion of the clean-up, the environmental remediation liability is adjusted to equal the fair value of the remaining operation, maintenance and monitoring activities to be performed for the property. The amount of the additional liability resulting from the completion of the clean-up, if any, would be included in other income (expense). As of September 30, 2017, the Company estimated that the total environmental remediation costs associated with the purchase of the UK Facility will be approximately $6.2 million. This is a projected potential future cost. No such environmental costs have been incurred to date and none are in the upcoming twelve months or on a long-term basis. Contamination clean-up costs that improve the property from its original acquisition state will be capitalized as part of the property’s overall development costs. The Company engaged a third-party specialist to conduct certain surveys of the condition of the property which included, among other things, a preliminary analysis of potential environmental remediation exposures. The Company determined, based on information contained in the specialist’s report, that it would be required to estimate the fair value of an unconditional obligation to remediate specific ground contamination at an estimated fair value of approximately $6.2 million. The Company computed the fair value of this obligation using a probability weighted approach that measures the likelihood of the following two potential outcomes: (i) a higher probability requirement of erecting a protective barrier around the affected area at an estimated cost of approximately $4.5 million, and (ii) a lower probability requirement of having to excavate the affected area at an estimated cost of approximately $32.0 million. The Company’s estimate is preliminary and therefore subject to change as further studies are conducted, and as additional facts come to the Company’s attention. Environmental remediation efforts are complex, technical and subject to various uncertainties. Accordingly, it is at least reasonably possible that any changes in the Company’s estimate could materially differ from the management’s preliminary assessment discussed herein.       

Comprehensive Loss

The Company reports comprehensive loss and its components in its condensed consolidated financial statements. Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments, affecting stockholders’ equity (deficit) that, under U.S, GAAP, are excluded from net loss.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred and consist primarily of clinical trial costs, related party manufacturing costs, consulting costs, contract research and development costs, clinical site costs and compensation costs. 

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the 2016 Annual Report.

Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Compensation-Stock Compensation

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Under ASU No. 2016-09, companies will no longer record excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies in additional paid-in capital (“APIC”). Instead, they will record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement and the APIC pools will be eliminated. In addition, ASU No. 2016-09 eliminates the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized before companies can recognize them. ASU No. 2016-09 also requires companies to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. Furthermore, ASU No. 2016-09 will increase the amount an employer can withhold to cover income taxes on awards and still qualify for the exception to liability classification for shares used to satisfy the employer’s statutory income tax withholding obligation. An employer with a statutory income tax withholding obligation will now be allowed to withhold shares with a fair value up to the amount of taxes owed using the maximum statutory tax rate in the employee’s applicable jurisdiction(s). ASU No. 2016-09 requires a company to classify the cash paid to a tax authority when shares are withheld to satisfy its statutory income tax withholding obligation as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows. Under current U.S. GAAP, it was not specified how these cash flows should be classified. In addition, companies will now have to elect whether to account for forfeitures on share-based payments by (1) recognizing forfeitures of awards as they occur or (2) estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjusting the estimate when it is likely to change, as is currently required. These aspects of ASU 2016-09 are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted provided that all of the guidance is adopted in the same period. The Company’s adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 on January 1, 2017 did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In accordance with the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, the Company will record forfeitures, if any, when such forfeitures occur.

Recent Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Compensation-Stock Compensation

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. It is effective prospectively for the annual period ending December 31, 2018 and interim periods within that annual period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures, but does not expect it to have a significant impact.

Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features

On July 13, 2017, the FASB has issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, (i). Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features and (ii) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. It is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will be evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

4. Fair Value Measurements

Derivative Warrants Granted in 2017

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company issued approximately 192 million warrants (the “Warrants”) to multiple investors (the “Holders”). Since the Company’s adoption of a sequencing policy (see Note 3), the warrants were classified as liabilities and measured at fair value on the grant date, with changes in fair value recognized as other income on the statements of operations and disclosed in the financial statements.

A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring warrants granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is as follows:

	2017 Warrants Granted Associated with
	Public and Private			Debt						Modification of
	Offering			Conversion			Issuance of Debt			Warrant Liabilities
Strike price	$	0.47		$	0.44		$	0.19		$	0.27
Contractual term (years)		2.4			2.6			2.0			5.0
Volatility (annual)		107	%		107	%		113	%		99	%
Risk-free rate		1	%		1	%		1	%		2	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%		0	%		0	%

Embedded Conversion Features

A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring embedded conversion features at inception for convertible notes issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is as follows:

Conversion price	$	0.41
Contractual term (years)		1.92
Volatility (annual)		97	%
Risk-free rate		1	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

The following table classifies the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Fair value measured at September 30, 2017
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	September 30, 2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	11,883	$	-	$	-	$	11,883
Embedded conversion feature		1,794		-		-		1,794
Share-settled debt (in default)		4,013		-		-		4,013
Total fair value	$	17,690	$	-	$	-	$	17,690

	Fair value measured at December 31, 2016
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	December 31, 2016		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	4,862	$	-	$	-	$	4,862
Share-settled debt (in default)		5,200		-		-		5,200
Total fair value	$	10,062	$	-	$	-	$	10,062

There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017.

The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. Unrealized gains and losses associated with liabilities within the Level 3 category include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long- dated volatilities) inputs (in thousands).

			Embedded		Share-settled
	Warrant		Conversion		Debt
	Liability		Feature		(in Default)		Total
Balance – January 1, 2017	$	4,862	$	-	$	5,200	$	10,062
Warrants granted related to:
Public and privated offering		7,971		-		-		7,971
Debt conversion		7,544		-		-		7,544
Issuance of debt		139		-		-		139
Modification of warrant liabilities		2,297		-		-		2,297
		17,951		-		-		17,951
Issuance of convertible notes		-		4,262		-		4,262
Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion		-		(5,264)		-		(5,264)
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash		(2,117)		-		-		(2,117)
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise		(3,054)		-		-		(3,054)
Conversion of share-settled debt		-		-		(1,187)		(1,187)
Change in fair value		(5,759)		2,796		-		(2,963)
Balance – September 30, 2017	$	11,883	$	1,794	$	4,013	$	17,690

A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring the Company’s warrant liabilities and embedded conversion feature that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows:

	As of September 30, 2017						As of December 31, 2016
	Warrant			Embedded			Warrant
	Liability			Conversion Feature			Liability
Strike price	$	0.40		$	0.50		$	0.60
Contractual term (years)		3.6			2.73			4.7
Volatility (annual)		99	%		99	%		98	%
Risk-free rate		2	%		2	%		2	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%		0	%

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Property & Equipment and Construction in Progress

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]

5. Property & Equipment and Construction in Progress

Property and equipment consist of the following at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016
Leasehold improvements	$	69	$	69
Office furniture and equipment		25		25
Computer equipment and software		640		626
		734		720
Less: accumulated depreciation		(546)		(405)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		188		315
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom)*		47,322		44,559
	$	47,510	$	44,874

* Construction in progress includes both the land acquisition costs and the building costs.

Depreciation expense was approximately $41,000 and $55,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Depreciation expenses were approximately $141,000 and $135,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

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Stock-based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]

6. Stock-based Compensation

On June 13, 2017, the Company granted options (the “Options”) to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Shares”) to Dr. Marnix Bosch, the Chief Technical Officer of the Company, and Dr. Alton Boynton, the Chief Scientific Officer of the Company. The Options were granted pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. 2007 Stock Plan (the “Equity Plan”). The Equity Plan provided for awards of various types of equity securities (including common stock, restricted stock units, options and/or other derivative securities) to employees and directors of the Company.

Dr. Bosch received Options exercisable for approximately 7.9 million Shares and Dr. Boynton received Options exercisable for approximately 3.4 million Shares. The Options are exercisable at a price of $0.25 per share, and have a 5-year exercise period. The Options granted to Dr. Bosch and Dr. Boynton are subject to vesting requirements. 50% of the Options vested on the grant date, and 50% will vest over a 24-month period in equal monthly installments, provided that the recipient continues to be employed by the Company. The unvested portions of the Options are subject to accelerated vesting upon (i) a change of effective control of the Company, (ii) the filing of the first Biologics License Application or other application for product approval in any jurisdiction, (iii) completion of any randomized clinical trial that meets its endpoint(s) (Phase II or Phase III), (iv) decision by the Board, in its discretion or (v) the death of the recipient.

The following table summarizes stock option activities for the Company’s option plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (amount in thousands, except per share number):

							Weighted Average Remaining
	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Total Intrinsic Value		Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016		1,551	$	10.56	$	-		1.9
Granted		11,343		0.25		-		4.7
Forfeited/expired		(238)		9.90		-		-
Outstanding as of September 30, 2017		12,656	$	1.32		-		4.3
Options vested and exercisable		7,255	$	1.49	$	-		4.2

The following assumptions were used to compute the fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017:

	For the Nine Months
	Ended
	September 30, 2017
Exercise price	$	0.25
Expected term (years)		2.8
Expected stock price volatility		96	%
Risk-free rate of interest		2	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

The weighted average grant date fair value was approximately $0.7 million and the unrecognized compensation cost was approximately $0.2 million as of September 30, 2017, and will be recognized over the next 1.8 years.

The Company recorded stock based compensation expense of approximately $0.4 million and $0.5 million, which was included as part of research and development expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

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Outstanding Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

7. Outstanding Debt

The following table summarizes outstanding debt as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively (amount in thousands, except per share data):

		Stated					Remaining		Fair Value of
		Interest	Conversion				Debt		Embedded		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate	Price		Face Value		Discount		Conversion Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured (1)	Due	6%	$	3.09	$	135	$	-	$	-	$	135
10% unsecured (2)	In Default	10%	$	0.16		-		-		-		-
						135		-		-		135
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured (3)	12/5/17 and In Default	8% and 15%		N/A		2,310		(55)		-		2,255
8% unsecured (4)	6/30/2018	8%		N/A		2,206		(144)		-		2,062
10% unsecured (5)	On Demand	Various		N/A		650		-		-		650
12% unsecured (6)	On Demand	12%		N/A		440		(113)		-		327
						5,606		(312)		-		5,294
Short term notes payable - related parties
10% unsecured - Related Parties (7)	On Demand	10%		N/A		1,421		-		-		1,421
12% unsecured - Related Parties (7)	On Demand	12%		N/A		50		-		-		50
						1,471		-		-		1,471
Share-settled debt, at fair value (8)	In Default	18%	$	0.16		4,013		-		-		4,013
Short term mortgage loan (9)	8/13/2018	12%		N/A		4,831		(191)		-		4,640
Long term mortgage loan	11/16/2018	12%		N/A		6,412		(37)		-		6,375
						11,243		(228)		-		11,015
Long term convertible notes payable
12% secured convertible notes (10)	6/21/2020	12%	$	0.50		5,350		(2,072)		1,794		5,072
Ending balance as of September 30, 2017					$	27,818	$	(2,612)	$	1,794	$	27,000

		Stated					Remaining
		Interest	Conversion				Debt		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate	Price		Face Value		Discount		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured (1)	Due	6%	$	3.09	$	135	$	-	$	135
5% 2014 Senior convertible notes (11)	8/15/2017	5%	$	6.60		11,000		(175)		10,825
						11,135		(175)		10,960
Short term notes payable
10%  unsecured (2)	11/4/2017	10%		N/A		2,450		-		2,450
Short term notes payable - related parties
10% unsecured - Related Parties	On Demand	10%		N/A		50		-		50
12% unsecured - Related Parties	On Demand	12%		N/A		260		-		260
						310		-		310
Share-settled debt, at fair value (9)	In Default	18%	$	0.35		5,200		-		5,200
Mortgage loan (10)	11/16/17 & 8/13/17	12%		N/A		10,156		(365)		9,791
Long term note payable
8% unsecured note (5)	6/30/2018	8%		N/A		3,310		(310)		3,000
Ending balance as of December 31, 2016					$	32,561	$	(850)	$	31,711

(1) This $135,000 note as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of two separate 6% notes in the amounts of $110,000 and $25,000. In regard to the $110,000 note due in 2011, the Company has made ongoing attempts to locate the creditor to repay or convert this note, but has been unable to locate the creditor to date. In regard to the $25,000 note due in 2011, during the year ended December 31, 2013, the holder has elected to convert these notes into equity, the Company has delivered the applicable conversion documents to the holder, and the Company is waiting for the holder to execute and return the documents.

(2) On November 4, 2016, the Company entered into three promissory notes agreements (“the November 2016 Notes”) with an individual investor (“the Holder”) for an aggregate amount of $2.45 million. The Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% with 1 year term. On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into a series of promissory notes (the “March 2017 Notes”) with unrelated third parties in the original principal amount of $1,450,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for aggregate net proceeds of $1.4 million with no stated interest rate. On April 12, 2017, the Company made a repayment of $258,000 to one of the March 2017 Notes holders. During the nine months period ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple amendments (the “Amendment”) to the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes. The Company recorded an approximate $2.4 million debt extinguishment loss from the Amendment. The Company also recorded approximately $407,000 additional debt premium pursuant to the Amendment. During the nine months period ended September 30, 2017, the Company induced the holders of the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes to convert approximately $4.2 million of principal, debt premium and accrued interest into approximately 24.7 million shares of common stock at a fair value of approximately $5.8 million, and approximately 43.8 million warrants with weighted average exercise price of $0.53, at fair value of approximately $4.6 million using Black-Scholes model. The Company also reversed approximately $5.2 million of embedded conversion features as of the conversion date, which was recorded as gain from debt extinguishment. Overall, the Company recorded approximately $1.0 million net debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

(3) On March 3, 2017 and June 5, 2017, the Company entered into two promissory notes agreement (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,310,000. The Notes bore interest at 8% per annum with a 6 month term. One of the Notes became in default as of September 3, 2017. The Notes carry an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. The remaining unamortized debt discount related the Notes was approximately $55,000 as of September 30, 2017.

(4) On December 30, 2016, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $3.3 million. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum with 18 months term. The Note carries an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple exchange agreement with the Note holder to convert approximately $1.1 million principal and $0.2 million accrued interest into approximately 8.8 million shares of common stock at fair value of $1.7 million. The Company recorded approximately $408,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

(5) During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered multiple promissory note agreement (the “Notes”) with certain investors for an aggregate principal amount of $2.4 million. The Notes bore interest at either 0%, 10% or 12% per annum, and were payable upon demand. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company induced the holders to convert approximately $1.8 million principal and accrued interest of the Notes into approximately 10.6 million shares of common stock at fair value of approximately $1.9 million.   In addition, the Company issued approximately 12.5 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.49 and a fair value of approximately $0.9 million. The Company recorded debt extinguishment of approximately $1.1 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2017.

(6) During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered two promissory note agreements (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $440,000. The Notes bore interest at 12% per annum, and is payable upon demand. The Company also issued approximately 1.2 million warrants with a weighted average strike price of $0.19 in conjunction the Note. The Company recorded $139,000 debt discount at the issuance date, which is the fair value of the warrants.

(7) Related Party Notes

Goldman Notes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,334,000 pursuant to certain Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). $470,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and $864,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% per annum.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $955,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of $350,000 outstanding debt incurred during the year ended December 31, 2016.

The outstanding principal amount for Goldman Notes was $689,000 as of September 30, 2017.

Toucan Notes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repaid approximately $688,000 of the Toucan Notes.

The outstanding principal amount for Toucan Notes was $482,000 as of September 30, 2017.

Board of Directors Notes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

(8)	During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt converted approximately $1.2 million of outstanding share-settled debt.
(9)	The mortgage loan was originally due in August 2017 and has been renewed for additional one year until August 17, 2018. The Company recorded a $218,000 renewal fee.

The mortgage loan was originally due in November 2017 and has been renewed for an additional one year until November 16, 2018.

(10) 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

Due to the Nasdaq delisting on December 19, 2016, the term of the 2014 Convertible Senior Notes (the “2014 Notes”) Indenture required the Company to offer to repurchase the entire principal and all remaining interest through the Notes’ original maturity date. The debt holders (the “Holders”) accepted the offer, and the Company was required to repurchase the entire 2014 Notes on March 10, 2017. 

The full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes, as well as $660,000 of interest payments and cash and stock forbearance payments were completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, through a series of transactions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple agreements to extend the date for payment of the 2014 Notes to June 20, 2017. As an additional consideration to the Holders to delay the 2014 Notes repayment, the Company issued the Holders an aggregate 7.1 million common stock. The total forbearance charge of $2.6 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss and was based upon the fair value of the common stock of $2.1 million on the grant date and cash payments of $0.5 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repaid in cash $3.0 million of principal of the 2014 Notes, and repaid an additional $3.0 million of principal in common stock and warrants, and $5 million of principal of the 2014 Notes was repurchased by the investor pursuant to an Exchange Agreement and Note Agreement, as described below.

2017 Secured Convertible Notes

On June 21, 2017, an unaffiliated investor (the “Investor”) agreed to purchase $5.0 million of the 2014 Notes from the Holders, pursuant to a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”).

Also on June 21, 2017, the Company and the Investor entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange its $5.0 million of the 2014 Note for new convertible notes (the “2017 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $5.6 million, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%. The Company and the Investor also entered another secured convertible note with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $355,000, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%, for $204,000 in cash. Total debt outstanding as of September 30, 2017 was $5.4 million under the 2017 Secured Convertible Notes.

The 2017 Notes have a 3-year maturity and bear interest at 12% per annum. No interest will be payable during the term, but interest will accrue and be payable at maturity. The 2017 Notes are secured by the property owned by the Company in the U.K., and not by any other assets of the Company. The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share. The transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The Company recorded an approximate $1.8 million embedded conversion feature on the 2017 Notes as part of debt discount on the issuance date.

On August 4, 2017, the Company induced the holder to convert $650,000 principal of the 2017 Notes into approximately 3.3 million shares of common stock at fair value of $0.24. In addition, the Company also issued approximately 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.23 and 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.30. The aggregate fair value of these 3.2 million warrants was approximately $0.4 million using a Black-Scholes model. The Company also reversed approximately $108,000 of embedded derivative liabilities and a $256,000 unamortized debt discount associated with the 2017 Notes. The Company recorded approximately $668,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

The following table summarizes total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes, other notes and mortgage loan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively (in thousands):

	For the three months ended				For the nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Interest expenses related to 2014 Senior convertible notes:
Contractual interest	$	-	$	139	$	424	$	413
Amortization of debt issuance costs		-		71		175		211
Total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes		-		210		599		624
Interest expenses related to other notes:
Contractual interest		354		38		743		114
Additional debt premium		59		-		407		-
Amortization of debt discount		345		-		615		-
Total interest expenses related to other notes		758		38		1,765		114
Interest expenses related to mortgage loan:
Contractual interest		304		305		953		970
Amortization of debt issuance costs		126		136		368		428
Total interest expenses on the mortgage loan		430		441		1,321		1,398
Other interest expenses		5		2		10		2
Total interest expense	$	1,193	$	691	$	3,695	$	2,138

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Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

8. Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss per common share is computed similar to basic loss per common share except that it reflects the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

The following securities were not included in the diluted net loss per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive as of the periods presented (in thousands): 

	For the nine months ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
Common stock options		12,656		1,551
Common stock warrants - equity treatment		37,499		38,990
Common stock warrants - liability treatment		141,468		1,316
Share-settled debt and accrued interest, at fair value		23,406		-
Convertible notes and accrued interest		15,293		1,744
Potentially dilutive securities		230,322		43,601

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Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]

9. Related Party Transactions

Cognate BioServices, Inc.

Cognate Expenses and Accounts Payable

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company owed Cognate $27.8 million (after waiver of $3.75 million by Cognate as described below) and $23.4 million, respectively, for unpaid invoices for manufacturing and related services, based on Cognate invoicing to date. The Company and Cognate have been negotiating an overall settlement for amounts owed to Cognate for 2016 and 2017, to reduce the amounts otherwise due under the contracts, and subsequent to September 30, 2017 reached an agreement in principle. The parties are now in the process of drafting and executing the agreement.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Cognate waived its right to receive payment of $3.75 million in connection with certain payables, which was owed to Cognate by the Company as of December 31, 2016 and March 31, 2017. Following this waiver, the Company owed Cognate $27.8 million for unpaid invoices as of September 30, 2017. 

Overall, for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred research and development costs related to Cognate BioServices of $7.8 million and $18.2 million, respectively, relating to the DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials. 

Overall, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred research and development costs related to Cognate BioServices of approximately $13.0 million and $34.8 million, respectively, relating to the DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials, based on Cognate invoicing to date.  The substantial reduction in costs related to Cognate BioServices relates in part to reduction in clinical trial related activity, in part to an arrangement being tested under which the Company would no longer have capacity dedicated to its programs and instead would have to arrange for advance scheduling in regard to each patient individually, and in part to negotiations that were under way between the Company and Cognate for an overall settlement for amounts owed to Cognate for 2016 and 2017. While the negotiations were under way and pending a final determination of amounts, for the first two quarters of this year only, Cognate invoiced a reduced portion of the contract amounts. Subsequent to September 30, 2017, the parties reached an agreement in principle for settlement of the overall amounts due from the Company to Cognate for 2017. The parties are now in the process of drafting and executing the agreement.

Cognate Organization

Pursuant to an institutional financing of Cognate in October 2016, Cognate’s operations outside the US were separated from its operations in the US. The operations outside the US include Cognate BioServices GmbH in Germany, Advent BioServices, Ltd (formerly called Cognate BioServices Ltd.) in the UK, and Cognate Israel in Israel. As a result of the separation, the Cognate affiliates outside the US are now owned by Toucan Capital Fund III, as is Cognate US. The Cognate affiliates in Germany and Israel are in the process of being wound down, and manufacturing and related activities are being expanded and consolidated in the U.K. The Company is in the process of establishing contract arrangements for the U.K. operations. Approximately $1.3 and $3.7 million of the total research and development cost related to Cognate entities outside the US are included in the overall amounts reported with respect to Cognate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

Other Related Parties

Leslie J. Goldman - Demand Loans

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,334,000 pursuant to certain Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). $470,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and $864,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% per annum.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $955,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of $350,000 outstanding debt incurred from the year ending December 31, 2016.

The outstanding principal amount for Goldman Notes was $689,000 as of September 30, 2017.

Toucan Capital III Fund - Demand Loans

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repaid approximately $688,000 of the Toucan Notes.

The outstanding principal amount for Toucan Notes was $482,000 as of September 30, 2017.

Various Related Parties - Demand Loans

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

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Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]

10. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Common Stock Issuances

First Quarter of 2017

Public Offering

On March 17, 2017, the Company entered into agreements with institutional investors for a registered direct offering with gross proceeds of $7.5 million. The Company issued 18.8 million shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.26 per share, or pre-funded warrants in lieu of shares.  Additionally, the investors received 5 year Class A warrants to purchase up to approximately 21.6 million shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.26 per share, 3 month Class B warrants to purchase up to approximately 21.6 million shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.00 per share, and a pre-paid 3 month Class C warrant to purchase up to approximately 10.0 million shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.26 per share, of which $0.25 per share was pre-paid at the time of closing and another $0.01 per share is payable upon exercise of each Class C Warrant. Total warrants issued in March 2017 have value of approximately $6.2 million.

Warrants Exercised for Cash

During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 3.1 million shares of common stock from the exercise of warrants that were issued in March 2017 for total proceeds of $31,000. All of these 3.1 million shares of common stock were related to extinguishment of warrant liabilities. The fair value of the warrant liabilities was $713,000 on the date of exercise, which were recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital.

Stock Compensation - 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

On March 10, 2017, the Company issued approximately 4 million shares of common stock to the holders of the Company’s $11 million senior convertible notes as additional consideration to enter into a payment plan and extend the debt payment. The fair value of the common stock on the grant date was approximately $1.5 million. The Company recorded such cost as a debt extinguishment loss.

Share-settled Debt

On March 30, 2017, the Company issued 2.5 million shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt (the “Holder”) as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold.

Second Quarter of 2017

Public and Private Offering

On April 14, 2017, the Company entered into Stock Purchase Agreement with multiple investors. The Company issued approximately 1.4 million shares of common stock at a price of $0.26 per share. The investors received Class A Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to approximately 1 million shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.26 per share (the “Class A Warrants”) and Class B Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to approximately 1 million shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share (the “Class B Warrants”). Both the Class A Warrants and the Class B Warrants are exercisable immediately. The Class A Warrants are exercisable for five years and the Class B Warrants are exercisable for three months. The Company received gross proceeds of $360,000 from this offering.

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements with multiple investors. The Company issued approximately 3.6 million shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $0.15 per share. The investors also received approximately an aggregate 3.3 million warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $0.33 per share. The Company received gross proceeds of $552,000 from this offering.

Debt Conversion

On May 22, 2017, the holders of certain existing notes converted approximately $2.0 million principal amount and accrued interest for approximately 11 million shares of its common stock at a price of $0.18 per share and issued to such investors approximately 8 million Class A warrants with exercise price of $0.26 per share for a period of 5 years and approximately 8 million Class B warrants with exercise price of $1.00 per share for a period of 90 days. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $1.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The difference of $0.7 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss.

On May 31, 2017, the Company and certain unaffiliated institutional investors (the “Investor”) entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange $3.0 million of the Company’s 2014 Senior Convertible Notes for 20,628,571 shares of common stock, warrants to acquire up to approximately 16 million shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.175 per share and exercisable for 2 years from the date of issuance of such warrants, and 800,000 shares of Common Stock.  The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $3.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

On June 5, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $0.5 million principal amount and accrued interest of certain notes held by an unaffiliated investor for approximately 3.3 million shares of its common stock at a price of $0.14 per share and issued to such investors approximately 2.5 million Class D warrants with exercise price of $0.175 per share for a period of 2 years. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The difference of $0.4 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss.

Warrants Exercised for Cash

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company issued approximately 6.9 million shares of common stock from the exercise of pre-paid warrants that were issued in March 2017 with an exercise price of $0.26, of which $0.25 was paid in March and $0.01 was paid at the time of exercise, for proceeds of $69,000 at the time of exercise during the three months ended June 30, 2017.  All of these 6.9 million shares of common stock were related to extinguishment of warrant liabilities. The fair value of the warrant liabilities was approximately $1.1 million on the date of exercise, which were recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital.

Stock Compensation - 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company issued approximately 3 million shares of common stock to the holders of the Company’s $11 million senior convertible note as additional consideration to extend the debt payment and to enter into a forbearance agreement. The fair value of the common stock on the grant date was approximately $0.5 million. The Company recorded such cost as a debt extinguishment loss.

Share-settled Debt

On June 14, 2017, the Company issued 1 million shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt (the “Holder”) as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold.

Third Quarter of 2017

Public and Private Offering

On September 22, 2017, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with multiple investors. The Company issued approximately 8.7 million shares of common stock at a price of $0.20 per share. The investors received Class A Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to approximately 4.4 million shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.22 per share (the “Class A Warrants”). The Class A Warrants are exercisable immediately and are exercisable for five years. The Company received gross proceeds of $1.8 million (net proceeds of $1.6 million) from this offering.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements with multiple investors. The Company issued 5.4 million shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $0.20 per share. The investors also received an aggregate of 5.3 million warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $0.26 per share. The Company received gross proceeds of $1.1 million from this offering.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company received an aggregate of $2.6 million from multiple investors as an advance of certain Subscription Agreements that were entered in November 2017. The Company recorded a $2.6 million shares payable as of September 30, 2017.

Warrants Exercised for Cash and Warrants Modification

On August 7, 2017, the Company entered into a $2.7 million financing with an institutional health care investor holding Class B Warrants exercisable for approximately 13.5 million shares of Common Stock of the Company, in which the investor exercised its Class B Warrants in full in return for amendment of the investor’s Class B Warrants to reduce the exercise from $1.00 to $0.20 per share, as set forth in a Warrant Repricing Letter Agreement. The Class B Warrants were originally issued on March 17, 2017 with an exercise period of 90 days, and the exercise period was previously extended to August 24, 2017. The fair value of the amended Class B Warrants on the amendment date was approximately $0.3 million using a Black-Scholes model. There was no residual value for the original Class B warrants as of the amendment date, so the Company recorded $0.3 million as inducement loss.

As consideration for the investor’s exercise in full of the Class B Warrants, the Company agreed to issue to the investor new Series A Warrants exercisable for the purchase of 13.5 million shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.27 per share, with an exercise period of 5 years. The Company also issued an aggregate amount of 0.9 million Class A warrants at an exercise price of $0.27 per share, with an exercise period of 5 years to certain placement agent. The fair value of these 14.5 million warrants were approximately $2.0 million using a Black-Scholes model, and the Company recorded such cost as inducement loss.

Cashless Warrants Exercise

On July 17, 2017, holders of approximately 16 million Class A warrants of the Company exercised such warrants on a cashless basis in exchange for the delivery of approximately 6.9 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The fair value of these Class A warrants were approximately $3.1 million as of July 17, 2017.

Debt Conversions

During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company induced certain debt holders to convert approximately $5.5 million of principal and interest into approximately 32.9 million shares of common stock at a fair value of approximately $7.8 million. In addition the Company issued approximately 40.4 million warrants with a weighted average exercise price of $0.48 and a fair value of $4.7 million.

Share-settled Debt

During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company issued 3.5 million shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold.

As of September 30, 2017, the outstanding share-settled debt was approximately $4.0 million.

Shares for Services

On July 6, 2017, as compensation for services as a Director, the Company issued 1.3 million shares of its common stock at fair value of $0.18 to a designee of Robert Farmer.

Stock Purchase Warrants

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Number of		Weighted Average		Remaining
	Warrants		Exercise Price		Contractual Term
Outstanding as of January 1, 2017		58,278	$	1.78		3.86
Warrants granted		191,965		0.47
Warrants exercised for cash		(24,327)		0.11
Cashless warrants exercise		(16,071)		0.20
Warrants expired and cancellation		(30,878)		1.18
Outstanding as of September 30, 2017		178,967	$	0.84		3.52

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Variable Interest Entities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Variable Interest Entity Disclosure [Text Block]

11. Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) are entities in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest.  VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary.  The primary beneficiary is the party who has both the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. 

After the assumption of $5.7 million in debt originally incurred by Cognate in October 2016 the Company had an implicit variable interest in Cognate to potentially fund Cognate’s losses (if Cognate incurs losses).  The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of Cognate upon its initial involvement and the Company reassess whether it is the primary beneficiary of Cognate on an ongoing basis.  The determination of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of Cognate is based upon the facts and circumstances and requires significant judgment.  The Company’s considerations in determining Cognate’s most significant activities and whether the Company has power to direct those activities include, but are not limited to, Cognate’s purpose and design and the risks passed through to investors, the equity ownership and voting interests of Cognate, management, service and/or other agreements of Cognate, involvement in Cognate’s initial design and the existence of explicit or implicit financial guarantees.  As of September 30, 2017, the Company does not have the power over the most significant activities (control of operating decisions) and therefore does not meet the "power" criteria of the primary beneficiary.

The maximum exposure to loss is limited to the notional amounts of the implicit variable interest in Cognate.  The Company has no current plans to provide any support additional to that which is noted above.  Therefore, the maximum exposure to loss from its implicit interest is limited to $4.5 million as of September 30, 2017; which is the shutdown fee the Company must pay to terminate their relationship with Cognate.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Contingent Payment to Cognate BioServices

Under the January 17, 2014 DCVax®-L Manufacturing Services Agreement and the DCVax-Direct Agreement, a new set of provisions apply going forward to any shut down or suspension.  Under these provisions, the Company will be contingently obligated to pay certain fees to Cognate BioServices (in addition to any other remedies) if the Company shuts down or suspends its DCVax-L program or DCVax-Direct program.  For a shutdown or suspension of the DCVax-L program, the fees will be as follows:

⋅

Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III trial for DCVax®-L or After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III clinical trial for DCVax®-L but before any submission for product approval in any jurisdiction or After the submission of any application for market authorization but prior to receiving a marketing authorization approval: in any of these cases, the fee shall be $3 million.

⋅

At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-L in any jurisdiction, the fee shall be $5 million.

For a shutdown or suspension of the DCVax-Direct program, the fees will be as follows:

⋅	Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II trial for DCVax®-Direct, the fee shall be $1.5 million.
⋅	After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II clinical trial for DCVax®-Direct but before the initiation of a Phase III trial the fee shall be $2.0 million.
⋅	After initiation of a phase III trial but before submission of an application for market authorization in any jurisdiction or After the submission of an application for market authorization but prior to receiving a market authorization approval: in each of these cases, the fee shall be $3.0 million.
⋅	At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-Direct in any jurisdiction the fee shall be $5.0 million.

As of September 30, 2017, none of the above fees were triggered; however, the Company and Cognate discussed these fee provisions as part of an ongoing negotiation to determine the overall amounts to be paid for 2016 and 2017. Subsequent to September 30, 2017, the parties reached an agreement in principle for settlement of the overall amounts due from the Company to Cognate for 2017 which involves a reduction of the amounts that would otherwise be due under the contracts and includes suspension fees for the DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs.

While our DCVax programs are ongoing, the Company is required to pay certain fees for dedicated production suites or capacity reserved exclusively for DCVax production, and pay for a certain minimum number of patients, whether or not we fully utilize the dedicated capacity and number of patients. The Company and Cognate are testing an arrangement under which the Company would no longer have capacity dedicated to its programs and instead would have to arrange for advance scheduling in regard to each patient individually. In addition, the Company and Cognate are in the process of negotiating an overall settlement of amounts owed to Cognate for 2016 and 2017.

Derivative and Class Action Litigation

On June 19, 2015, two purported shareholders filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Tharp, et al. v. Cognate, et al., C.A. 11179-VCG (Del. Ch. filed June 19, 2015), purportedly suing on behalf of a class of similarly situated shareholders and derivatively on behalf of the Company. The lawsuit named Cognate BioServices, Inc., Toucan Partners, Toucan Capital Fund III, our CEO Linda Powers and the individuals who then served on the Company’s Board of Directors as defendants, and named the Company as a “nominal defendant” with respect to the derivative claims. The complaint generally challenged certain transactions between the Company and Cognate and the Toucan entities, in which Cognate and the Toucan entities provided services and financing to the Company, or agreed to the conversion of debts owed to them by the Company into equity. The complaint sought unspecified monetary relief for the Company and the plaintiffs, and various forms of equitable relief, including disgorgement of allegedly improper benefits, rescission of the challenged transactions, and an order forbidding similar transactions in the future. After considerable litigation and negotiations, the parties reached an agreement to settle the case, along with the Yonemura case, discussed below. On October 17, 2017, the court entered a final order and judgment approving the settlement.

On November 19, 2015, a third purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, captioned Yonemura v. Powers, et al., No. 15-03526 (D. Md. filed Nov. 19, 2015), claiming to sue derivatively on behalf of the Company. The complaint names the individuals who then served on the Company’s Board of Directors, Toucan Capital Fund III, L.P., Toucan General II, LLC, Toucan Partners, LLC, and Cognate as defendants, and names the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint generally challenges the same transactions disputed in the Delaware case, claiming that the Company purportedly overcompensated Cognate and Toucan for certain services and loans in payments of stock, and that the Company’s CEO, Ms. Powers, benefited from these transactions with Cognate and Toucan, which she allegedly owns or controls. The complaint asserts that the alleged overpayments unjustly enriched Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate; that the Company’s directors breached their fiduciary duties of loyalty and good faith to the Company by authorizing the payments to Cognate; and that Ms. Powers, Cognate, and Toucan aided and abetted the directors’ breaches of fiduciary duties. The plaintiff sought an award of unspecified damages to the Company and equitable remedies, including disgorgement by Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate of the allegedly improper benefits received as a result of the disputed transactions. The plaintiff also sought costs and disbursements associated with bringing suit, including attorneys’ fees and expert fees. As discussed above, the parties have agreed to settle the Yonemura case along with the Tharp case; the Stipulation and Agreement of Compromise and Settlement thus addresses the claims in both lawsuits. The proceedings in the Yonemura case are currently stayed, and the plaintiff in Yonemura has agreed to dismiss that case on or before November 23, 2017.

On November 28, 2016, a purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland, captioned Wells v. Powers, et al., Case No. 427353-V (Md. Cir. Ct., Mont. Cnty. filed Nov. 28, 2016), claiming to sue derivatively on behalf of the Company. The complaint names six current and former members of the Company’s Board of Directors, Toucan Partners, LLC, Toucan Capital Fund III, L.P., Toucan Partners, LP (a non-existent entity), Toucan General II, LLC, and Cognate as defendants, and names the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint largely challenges the same transactions disputed in the two cases discussed above, claiming that the Company overcompensated Cognate and Toucan for certain services and loans. It asserts that, by authorizing those transactions, the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties to the Company, abused their ability to control and influence the Company, and engaged in gross mismanagement of the Company’s business and assets. In addition, the complaint claims that the individual defendants are liable to the Company for misleading its investors and financiers. The complaint claims that the individual defendants were unjustly enriched by receiving compensation while the Company’s stock price was allegedly artificially inflated; that Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate are “controlling” stockholders of the Company who breached their fiduciary duties to minority stockholders; that Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate, benefited from these transactions due to their alleged “control”; that the alleged overpayments unjustly enriched Ms. Powers, Toucan, and Cognate; and that Toucan and Cognate aided and abetted the individual defendants in breaching their fiduciary duties. The plaintiff sought the award of unspecified damages to the Company; an order from the court directing the Company to reform its corporate governance and internal procedures; and equitable remedies, including restitution and disgorgement from defendants. The plaintiff also seeks the costs and disbursements associated with bringing suit, including attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses. After considerable litigation and negotiations, the parties reached an agreement to settle the case. On October 6, 2017, the parties submitted a Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement, which the court preliminarily approved on November 6, 2017. A hearing is currently scheduled for January 3, 2018, at which the court is expected to consider, among other things, whether to grant final approval of the proposed settlement.

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

As previously reported, the Company has received a number of formal information requests (subpoenas) from the SEC regarding several broad topics that have been previously disclosed, including the Company’s membership on Nasdaq and delisting, related party matters, the Company’s programs, internal controls and the Company’s Special Litigation Committee. Testimony of certain officers and third parties has been taken as well. The Company is cooperating with the SEC investigation and is hopeful that it is reaching its final stages.

Special Litigation Committee

As previously reported, the Company appointed a Special Litigation Committee, and Committee has undertaken an inquiry into the allegations of various lawsuits filed against the Company, and an anonymous internet report raising a number of criticisms of the Company and its Board and management, including with respect to the reasonableness of the transactions with Cognate. The Committee has retained experts to analyze some of these issues.

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

13. Subsequent Events

Public and Private Offering

On October 20, 2017, the Company sold 2.9 million shares of common stock at a price of $0.17 per share and issued approximately 1.5 million Class D Warrants exercisable at $0.22 per share for a period of 2 years for an aggregate of $0.5 million.

Debt Modification

In October and November, 2017, the Company entered into multiple Exchange Agreements with an existing debt holder (the “Holder”). The Holder agreed to exchange his existing promissory notes with an aggregate original principal amount of $2.2 million for a new promissory note (the “Exchange Note”) in the principal amount of $2.4 million. The Exchange Note bore interest at 8% per annum and will be due in September 2018 and December 2018.

U.K. Lease

On October 10, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement to lease to Commodities Centre, a commodity storage and distribution firm domiciled in the U.K., an existing approximately 275,000 square foot warehouse building on the Company’s property in Sawston, U.K. The term of the lease will be five years, with the potential for the tenant to discontinue at three years and five months. The tenant will undertake at least $1.1 million of repairs and improvements to the building in return for five and a half months of free rent (which began upon execution of the lease and ends on March 24, 2018). Thereafter, the tenant will pay rent at an annualized rate of approximately $1.0 million for the first year, and thereafter rent at an annualized rate of approximately $1.4 million for each year or partial year for the rest of the lease term, plus VAT. The tenant will also pay a proportional share of the common costs and the insurance costs for the overall site. The tenant will pay for its own utilities and other costs for use of the warehouse.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2017, condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity (deficit) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017 or for any future interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016 has been derived from audited financial statements; however, it does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include valuing equity securities in share-based payment arrangements, valuing environmental liabilities, estimating the fair value of financial instruments recorded as derivative liabilities, and estimating the useful lives of depreciable assets and whether impairment charges may apply.

Warrant Liability Policy [Policy Text Block]

Warrant Liability

The Company accounts for certain common stock warrants outstanding as a liability at fair value and adjusts the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the Company's statements of operations. The fair value of the warrants issued by the Company has been estimated using Monte Carlo simulation and or a Black Scholes model.

Sequencing [Policy Text Block]

Sequencing

As of October 13, 2016, the Company adopted a sequencing policy whereby all future instruments may be classified as a derivative liability with the exception of instruments related to share-based compensation issued to employees or directors.

Environmental Cost, Expense Policy [Policy Text Block]

Environmental Remediation Liabilities

The Company records environmental remediation liabilities for properties acquired. The environmental remediation liabilities are initially recorded at fair value. The liability is reduced for actual costs incurred in connection with the clean-up activities for each property. Upon completion of the clean-up, the environmental remediation liability is adjusted to equal the fair value of the remaining operation, maintenance and monitoring activities to be performed for the property. The amount of the additional liability resulting from the completion of the clean-up, if any, would be included in other income (expense). As of September 30, 2017, the Company estimated that the total environmental remediation costs associated with the purchase of the UK Facility will be approximately $6.2 million. This is a projected potential future cost. No such environmental costs have been incurred to date and none are in the upcoming twelve months or on a long-term basis. Contamination clean-up costs that improve the property from its original acquisition state will be capitalized as part of the property’s overall development costs. The Company engaged a third-party specialist to conduct certain surveys of the condition of the property which included, among other things, a preliminary analysis of potential environmental remediation exposures. The Company determined, based on information contained in the specialist’s report, that it would be required to estimate the fair value of an unconditional obligation to remediate specific ground contamination at an estimated fair value of approximately $6.2 million. The Company computed the fair value of this obligation using a probability weighted approach that measures the likelihood of the following two potential outcomes: (i) a higher probability requirement of erecting a protective barrier around the affected area at an estimated cost of approximately $4.5 million, and (ii) a lower probability requirement of having to excavate the affected area at an estimated cost of approximately $32.0 million. The Company’s estimate is preliminary and therefore subject to change as further studies are conducted, and as additional facts come to the Company’s attention. Environmental remediation efforts are complex, technical and subject to various uncertainties. Accordingly, it is at least reasonably possible that any changes in the Company’s estimate could materially differ from the management’s preliminary assessment discussed herein. 

Comprehensive Loss Policy [Policy Text Block]

Comprehensive Loss

The Company reports comprehensive loss and its components in its condensed consolidated financial statements. Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments, affecting stockholders’ equity (deficit) that, under U.S, GAAP, are excluded from net loss.

Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred and consist primarily of clinical trial costs, related party manufacturing costs, consulting costs, contract research and development costs, clinical site costs and compensation costs.

Significant Accounting Policies [Policy Text Block]

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the 2016 Annual Report.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Compensation-Stock Compensation

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Under ASU No. 2016-09, companies will no longer record excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies in additional paid-in capital (“APIC”). Instead, they will record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement and the APIC pools will be eliminated. In addition, ASU No. 2016-09 eliminates the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized before companies can recognize them. ASU No. 2016-09 also requires companies to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. Furthermore, ASU No. 2016-09 will increase the amount an employer can withhold to cover income taxes on awards and still qualify for the exception to liability classification for shares used to satisfy the employer’s statutory income tax withholding obligation. An employer with a statutory income tax withholding obligation will now be allowed to withhold shares with a fair value up to the amount of taxes owed using the maximum statutory tax rate in the employee’s applicable jurisdiction(s). ASU No. 2016-09 requires a company to classify the cash paid to a tax authority when shares are withheld to satisfy its statutory income tax withholding obligation as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows. Under current U.S. GAAP, it was not specified how these cash flows should be classified. In addition, companies will now have to elect whether to account for forfeitures on share-based payments by (1) recognizing forfeitures of awards as they occur or (2) estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjusting the estimate when it is likely to change, as is currently required. These aspects of ASU 2016-09 are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted provided that all of the guidance is adopted in the same period. The Company’s adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 on January 1, 2017 did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In accordance with the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, the Company will record forfeitures, if any, when such forfeitures occur.

Recent Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Compensation-Stock Compensation

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. It is effective prospectively for the annual period ending December 31, 2018 and interim periods within that annual period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures, but does not expect it to have a significant impact.

Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features

On July 13, 2017, the FASB has issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, (i). Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features and (ii) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. It is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will be evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. Unrealized gains and losses associated with liabilities within the Level 3 category include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long- dated volatilities) inputs (in thousands).

			Embedded		Share-settled
	Warrant		Conversion		Debt
	Liability		Feature		(in Default)		Total
Balance – January 1, 2017	$	4,862	$	-	$	5,200	$	10,062
Warrants granted related to:
Public and privated offering		7,971		-		-		7,971
Debt conversion		7,544		-		-		7,544
Issuance of debt		139		-		-		139
Modification of warrant liabilities		2,297		-		-		2,297
		17,951		-		-		17,951
Issuance of convertible notes		-		4,262		-		4,262
Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion		-		(5,264)		-		(5,264)
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash		(2,117)		-		-		(2,117)
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise		(3,054)		-		-		(3,054)
Conversion of share-settled debt		-		-		(1,187)		(1,187)
Change in fair value		(5,759)		2,796		-		(2,963)
Balance – September 30, 2017	$	11,883	$	1,794	$	4,013	$	17,690

Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Table Text Block]

A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring the Company’s warrant liabilities and embedded conversion feature that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows:

	As of September 30, 2017						As of December 31, 2016
	Warrant			Embedded			Warrant
	Liability			Conversion Feature			Liability
Strike price	$	0.40		$	0.50		$	0.60
Contractual term (years)		3.6			2.73			4.7
Volatility (annual)		99	%		99	%		98	%
Risk-free rate		2	%		2	%		2	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%		0	%

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

The following table classifies the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	Fair value measured at September 30, 2017
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	September 30, 2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	11,883	$	-	$	-	$	11,883
Embedded conversion feature		1,794		-		-		1,794
Share-settled debt (in default)		4,013		-		-		4,013
Total fair value	$	17,690	$	-	$	-	$	17,690

	Fair value measured at December 31, 2016
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	December 31, 2016		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	4,862	$	-	$	-	$	4,862
Share-settled debt (in default)		5,200		-		-		5,200
Total fair value	$	10,062	$	-	$	-	$	10,062

Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring embedded conversion features at inception for convertible notes issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is as follows:

Conversion price	$	0.41
Contractual term (years)		1.92
Volatility (annual)		97	%
Risk-free rate		1	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

Warrant [Member] | Public and Private Offering [Member]

Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Table Text Block]

A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring warrants granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is as follows:

	2017 Warrants Granted Associated with
	Public and Private			Debt						Modification of
	Offering			Conversion			Issuance of Debt			Warrant Liabilities
Strike price	$	0.47		$	0.44		$	0.19		$	0.27
Contractual term (years)		2.4			2.6			2.0			5.0
Volatility (annual)		107	%		107	%		113	%		99	%
Risk-free rate		1	%		1	%		1	%		2	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%		0	%		0	%

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Property & Equipment and Construction in Progress (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

Property and equipment consist of the following at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016
Leasehold improvements	$	69	$	69
Office furniture and equipment		25		25
Computer equipment and software		640		626
		734		720
Less: accumulated depreciation		(546)		(405)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		188		315
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom)*		47,322		44,559
	$	47,510	$	44,874

* Construction in progress includes both the land acquisition costs and the building costs.

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Stock-based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes stock option activities for the Company’s option plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (amount in thousands, except per share number):

							Weighted Average Remaining
	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Total Intrinsic Value		Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016		1,551	$	10.56	$	-		1.9
Granted		11,343		0.25		-		4.7
Forfeited/expired		(238)		9.90		-		-
Outstanding as of September 30, 2017		12,656	$	1.32		-		4.3
Options vested and exercisable		7,255	$	1.49	$	-		4.2

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

The following assumptions were used to compute the fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017:

	For the Nine Months
	Ended
	September 30, 2017
Exercise price	$	0.25
Expected term (years)		2.8
Expected stock price volatility		96	%
Risk-free rate of interest		2	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

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Outstanding Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes outstanding debt as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively (amount in thousands, except per share data):

		Stated					Remaining		Fair Value of
		Interest	Conversion				Debt		Embedded		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate	Price		Face Value		Discount		Conversion Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured (1)	Due	6%	$	3.09	$	135	$	-	$	-	$	135
10% unsecured (2)	In Default	10%	$	0.16		-		-		-		-
						135		-		-		135
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured (3)	12/5/17 and In Default	8% and 15%		N/A		2,310		(55)		-		2,255
8% unsecured (4)	6/30/2018	8%		N/A		2,206		(144)		-		2,062
10% unsecured (5)	On Demand	Various		N/A		650		-		-		650
12% unsecured (6)	On Demand	12%		N/A		440		(113)		-		327
						5,606		(312)		-		5,294
Short term notes payable - related parties
10% unsecured - Related Parties (7)	On Demand	10%		N/A		1,421		-		-		1,421
12% unsecured - Related Parties (7)	On Demand	12%		N/A		50		-		-		50
						1,471		-		-		1,471
Share-settled debt, at fair value (8)	In Default	18%	$	0.16		4,013		-		-		4,013
Short term mortgage loan (9)	8/13/2018	12%		N/A		4,831		(191)		-		4,640
Long term mortgage loan	11/16/2018	12%		N/A		6,412		(37)		-		6,375
						11,243		(228)		-		11,015
Long term convertible notes payable
12% secured convertible notes (10)	6/21/2020	12%	$	0.50		5,350		(2,072)		1,794		5,072
Ending balance as of September 30, 2017					$	27,818	$	(2,612)	$	1,794	$	27,000

		Stated					Remaining
		Interest	Conversion				Debt		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate	Price		Face Value		Discount		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured (1)	Due	6%	$	3.09	$	135	$	-	$	135
5% 2014 Senior convertible notes (11)	8/15/2017	5%	$	6.60		11,000		(175)		10,825
						11,135		(175)		10,960
Short term notes payable
10%  unsecured (2)	11/4/2017	10%		N/A		2,450		-		2,450
Short term notes payable - related parties
10% unsecured - Related Parties	On Demand	10%		N/A		50		-		50
12% unsecured - Related Parties	On Demand	12%		N/A		260		-		260
						310		-		310
Share-settled debt, at fair value (9)	In Default	18%	$	0.35		5,200		-		5,200
Mortgage loan (10)	11/16/17 & 8/13/17	12%		N/A		10,156		(365)		9,791
Long term note payable
8% unsecured note (5)	6/30/2018	8%		N/A		3,310		(310)		3,000
Ending balance as of December 31, 2016					$	32,561	$	(850)	$	31,711

(1) This $135,000 note as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of two separate 6% notes in the amounts of $110,000 and $25,000. In regard to the $110,000 note due in 2011, the Company has made ongoing attempts to locate the creditor to repay or convert this note, but has been unable to locate the creditor to date. In regard to the $25,000 note due in 2011, during the year ended December 31, 2013, the holder has elected to convert these notes into equity, the Company has delivered the applicable conversion documents to the holder, and the Company is waiting for the holder to execute and return the documents.

(2) On November 4, 2016, the Company entered into three promissory notes agreements (“the November 2016 Notes”) with an individual investor (“the Holder”) for an aggregate amount of $2.45 million. The Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% with 1 year term. On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into a series of promissory notes (the “March 2017 Notes”) with unrelated third parties in the original principal amount of $1,450,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for aggregate net proceeds of $1.4 million with no stated interest rate. On April 12, 2017, the Company made a repayment of $258,000 to one of the March 2017 Notes holders. During the nine months period ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple amendments (the “Amendment”) to the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes. The Company recorded an approximate $2.4 million debt extinguishment loss from the Amendment. The Company also recorded approximately $407,000 additional debt premium pursuant to the Amendment. During the nine months period ended September 30, 2017, the Company induced the holders of the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes to convert approximately $4.2 million of principal, debt premium and accrued interest into approximately 24.7 million shares of common stock at a fair value of approximately $5.8 million, and approximately 43.8 million warrants with weighted average exercise price of $0.53, at fair value of approximately $4.6 million using Black-Scholes model. The Company also reversed approximately $5.2 million of embedded conversion features as of the conversion date, which was recorded as gain from debt extinguishment. Overall, the Company recorded approximately $1.0 million net debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

(3) On March 3, 2017 and June 5, 2017, the Company entered into two promissory notes agreement (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,310,000. The Notes bore interest at 8% per annum with a 6 month term. One of the Notes became in default as of September 3, 2017. The Notes carry an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. The remaining unamortized debt discount related the Notes was approximately $55,000 as of September 30, 2017.

(4) On December 30, 2016, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $3.3 million. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum with 18 months term. The Note carries an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple exchange agreement with the Note holder to convert approximately $1.1 million principal and $0.2 million accrued interest into approximately 8.8 million shares of common stock at fair value of $1.7 million. The Company recorded approximately $408,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

(5) During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered multiple promissory note agreement (the “Notes”) with certain investors for an aggregate principal amount of $2.4 million. The Notes bore interest at either 0%, 10% or 12% per annum, and were payable upon demand. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company induced the holders to convert approximately $1.8 million principal and accrued interest of the Notes into approximately 10.6 million shares of common stock at fair value of approximately $1.9 million.   In addition, the Company issued approximately 12.5 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.49 and a fair value of approximately $0.9 million. The Company recorded debt extinguishment of approximately $1.1 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2017.

(6) During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered two promissory note agreements (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $440,000. The Notes bore interest at 12% per annum, and is payable upon demand. The Company also issued approximately 1.2 million warrants with a weighted average strike price of $0.19 in conjunction the Note. The Company recorded $139,000 debt discount at the issuance date, which is the fair value of the warrants.

(7) Related Party Notes

Goldman Notes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,334,000 pursuant to certain Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). $470,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and $864,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% per annum.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $955,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of $350,000 outstanding debt incurred during the year ended December 31, 2016.

The outstanding principal amount for Goldman Notes was $689,000 as of September 30, 2017.

Toucan Notes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repaid approximately $688,000 of the Toucan Notes.

The outstanding principal amount for Toucan Notes was $482,000 as of September 30, 2017.

Board of Directors Notes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

(8)	During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt converted approximately $1.2 million of outstanding share-settled debt.
(9)	The mortgage loan was originally due in August 2017 and has been renewed for additional one year until August 17, 2018. The Company recorded a $218,000 renewal fee.

The mortgage loan was originally due in November 2017 and has been renewed for an additional one year until November 16, 2018.

(10) 2014 Senior Convertible Notes

Due to the Nasdaq delisting on December 19, 2016, the term of the 2014 Convertible Senior Notes (the “2014 Notes”) Indenture required the Company to offer to repurchase the entire principal and all remaining interest through the Notes’ original maturity date. The debt holders (the “Holders”) accepted the offer, and the Company was required to repurchase the entire 2014 Notes on March 10, 2017. 

The full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes, as well as $660,000 of interest payments and cash and stock forbearance payments were completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, through a series of transactions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple agreements to extend the date for payment of the 2014 Notes to June 20, 2017. As an additional consideration to the Holders to delay the 2014 Notes repayment, the Company issued the Holders an aggregate 7.1 million common stock. The total forbearance charge of $2.6 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss and was based upon the fair value of the common stock of $2.1 million on the grant date and cash payments of $0.5 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repaid in cash $3.0 million of principal of the 2014 Notes, and repaid an additional $3.0 million of principal in common stock and warrants, and $5 million of principal of the 2014 Notes was repurchased by the investor pursuant to an Exchange Agreement and Note Agreement, as described below.

2017 Secured Convertible Notes

On June 21, 2017, an unaffiliated investor (the “Investor”) agreed to purchase $5.0 million of the 2014 Notes from the Holders, pursuant to a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”).

Also on June 21, 2017, the Company and the Investor entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange its $5.0 million of the 2014 Note for new convertible notes (the “2017 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $5.6 million, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%. The Company and the Investor also entered another secured convertible note with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $355,000, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%, for $204,000 in cash. Total debt outstanding as of September 30, 2017 was $5.4 million under the 2017 Secured Convertible Notes.

The 2017 Notes have a 3-year maturity and bear interest at 12% per annum. No interest will be payable during the term, but interest will accrue and be payable at maturity. The 2017 Notes are secured by the property owned by the Company in the U.K., and not by any other assets of the Company. The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share. The transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The Company recorded an approximate $1.8 million embedded conversion feature on the 2017 Notes as part of debt discount on the issuance date.

On August 4, 2017, the Company induced the holder to convert $650,000 principal of the 2017 Notes into approximately 3.3 million shares of common stock at fair value of $0.24. In addition, the Company also issued approximately 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.23 and 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.30. The aggregate fair value of these 3.2 million warrants was approximately $0.4 million using a Black-Scholes model. The Company also reversed approximately $108,000 of embedded derivative liabilities and a $256,000 unamortized debt discount associated with the 2017 Notes. The Company recorded approximately $668,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

Interest Income and Interest Expense Disclosure [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes, other notes and mortgage loan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively (in thousands):

	For the three months ended				For the nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Interest expenses related to 2014 Senior convertible notes:
Contractual interest	$	-	$	139	$	424	$	413
Amortization of debt issuance costs		-		71		175		211
Total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes		-		210		599		624
Interest expenses related to other notes:
Contractual interest		354		38		743		114
Additional debt premium		59		-		407		-
Amortization of debt discount		345		-		615		-
Total interest expenses related to other notes		758		38		1,765		114
Interest expenses related to mortgage loan:
Contractual interest		304		305		953		970
Amortization of debt issuance costs		126		136		368		428
Total interest expenses on the mortgage loan		430		441		1,321		1,398
Other interest expenses		5		2		10		2
Total interest expense	$	1,193	$	691	$	3,695	$	2,138

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Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]

The following securities were not included in the diluted net loss per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive as of the periods presented (in thousands): 

	For the nine months ended
	September 30,
	2017		2016
Common stock options		12,656		1,551
Common stock warrants - equity treatment		37,499		38,990
Common stock warrants - liability treatment		141,468		1,316
Share-settled debt and accrued interest, at fair value		23,406		-
Convertible notes and accrued interest		15,293		1,744
Potentially dilutive securities		230,322		43,601

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Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule Of Warrant Activity [Table Text Block]

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Number of		Weighted Average		Remaining
	Warrants		Exercise Price		Contractual Term
Outstanding as of January 1, 2017		58,278	$	1.78		3.86
Warrants granted		191,965		0.47
Warrants exercised for cash		(24,327)		0.11
Cashless warrants exercise		(16,071)		0.20
Warrants expired and cancellation		(30,878)		1.18
Outstanding as of September 30, 2017		178,967	$	0.84		3.52

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Liquidity, Financial Condition and Management Plans (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities			$ (21,701)	$ (41,555)
Current Assets Less Payables	$ 79,000		79,000
Net Income (Loss) Attributable To Parent	(23,271)	$ (29,227)	(46,144)	$ (49,508)
Accounts Payable, Related Parties, Current	27,800		27,800
Assets, Current, Total	$ 2,128		2,128		$ 7,884
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock and Debt			24,900
Trade Liabilities Waived by Related Parties, Amount			3,750
Debt Instrument, Increase (Decrease), Net			$ 5,000

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Accrued Environmental Loss Contingencies, Noncurrent	$ 6.2
Site Contingency, Loss Exposure in Excess of Accrual, Best Estimate	6.2
Maximum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Site Contingency, Loss Exposure in Excess of Accrual, Best Estimate	32.0
Minimum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Site Contingency, Loss Exposure in Excess of Accrual, Best Estimate	$ 4.5

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Fair Value Measurements (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 $ / shares
Issuance of Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.19
Contractual term (years)	2 years
Volatility (annual)	113.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%
Private and Public Offering [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.47
Contractual term (years)	2 years 4 months 24 days
Volatility (annual)	107.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%
Debt Conversion [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.44
Contractual term (years)	2 years 7 months 6 days
Volatility (annual)	107.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%
Warrant [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.27
Contractual term (years)	5 years
Volatility (annual)	99.00%
Risk-free rate	2.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%

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Fair Value Measurements (Details 1) - Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 $ / shares
Conversion price	$ 0.41
Contractual term (years)	1 year 11 months 1 day
Volatility (annual)	97.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%

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Fair Value Measurements (Details 2) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017	Aug. 04, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	$ 11,883,000		$ 4,862,000
Embedded conversion feature	1,794,000	$ 108,000
Share-settled debt (in default)	4,013,000		5,200,000
Total fair value	17,690,000		10,062,000
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	0		0
Embedded conversion feature	0
Share-settled debt (in default)	0		0
Total fair value	0		0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	0		0
Embedded conversion feature	0
Share-settled debt (in default)	0		0
Total fair value	0		0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	11,883,000		4,862,000
Embedded conversion feature	1,794,000
Share-settled debt (in default)	4,013,000		5,200,000
Total fair value	$ 17,690,000		$ 10,062,000

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Fair Value Measurements (Details 3) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	$ 10,062
Warrants granted related to:	17,951
Issuance of convertible notes	4,262
Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion	(5,264)
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	(2,117)
Conversion of share-settled debt	(1,187)
Change in fair value	(2,963)
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	(3,054)
Balance	17,690
Warrant [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	2,297
Issuance Of Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	139
Debt Conversion [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	7,544
Private And Public Offering [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	7,971
Long-term Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	5,200
Warrants granted related to:	0
Issuance of convertible notes	0
Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion	0
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	0
Conversion of share-settled debt	(1,187)
Change in fair value	0
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	0
Balance	4,013
Long-term Debt [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Long-term Debt [Member] | Issuance Of Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Long-term Debt [Member] | Debt Conversion [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Long-term Debt [Member] | Private And Public Offering [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Warrant Liability [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	4,862
Warrants granted related to:	17,951
Issuance of convertible notes	0
Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion	0
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	(2,117)
Conversion of share-settled debt	0
Change in fair value	(5,759)
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	(3,054)
Balance	11,883
Warrant Liability [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	2,297
Warrant Liability [Member] | Issuance Of Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	139
Warrant Liability [Member] | Debt Conversion [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	7,544
Warrant Liability [Member] | Private And Public Offering [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	7,971
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	0
Warrants granted related to:	0
Issuance of convertible notes	4,262
Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion	(5,264)
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	0
Conversion of share-settled debt	0
Change in fair value	2,796
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	0
Balance	1,794
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member] | Issuance Of Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member] | Debt Conversion [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member] | Private And Public Offering [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	$ 0

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Fair Value Measurements (Details 4) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contractual term (years)	1 year 11 months 1 day
Volatility (annual)	97.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.5
Contractual term (years)	2 years 8 months 23 days
Volatility (annual)	99.00%
Risk-free rate	2.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Warrant Liability [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.4	$ 0.6
Contractual term (years)	3 years 7 months 6 days	4 years 8 months 12 days
Volatility (annual)	99.00%	98.00%
Risk-free rate	2.00%	2.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%	0.00%

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Fair Value Measurements (Details Textual) shares in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 shares
Jerry Jasinowski [Member] | Investor [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Warrant Issue During Period	192

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Property & Equipment and Construction in Progress (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property, plant and equipment, gross		$ 734	$ 720
Less: accumulated depreciation		(546)	(405)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		188	315
Property, plant and equipment net, including construction in progress		47,510	44,874
Leasehold improvements [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross		69	69
Office furniture and equipment [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross		25	25
Computer equipment and software [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, gross		640	626
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom) [Member]
Total property, plant and equipment, net	[1]	$ 47,322	$ 44,559

[1] Construction in progress includes both the land acquisition costs and the building costs.

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Property & Equipment and Construction in Progress (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Depreciation	$ 41,000	$ 55,000	$ 141,000	$ 135,000

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Stock-based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Number of Options, Outstanding	1,551
Number of Options, Granted	11,343
Number of Options, Forfeited/expired	(238)
Number of Options, Outstanding	12,656	1,551
Number of Options, Options vested and exercisable	7,255
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding	$ 10.56
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted	0.25
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited/expired	9.9
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding	1.32	$ 10.56
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options vested and exercisable	$ 1.49
Total Intrinsic Value, Outstanding	$ 0	$ 0
Total Intrinsic Value, Options vested and exercisable	$ 0
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Outstanding	4 years 3 months 18 days	1 year 10 months 24 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Granted	4 years 8 months 12 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Options vested and exercisable	4 years 2 months 12 days

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Stock-based Compensation (Details 1)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017 $ / shares
Exercise price	$ 0.25
Expected term (years)	2 years 9 months 18 days
Expected stock price volatility	96.00%
Risk-free rate of interest	2.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%

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Stock-based Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 13, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 0.25
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period	5 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	50.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights	50% will vest over a 24-month period in equal monthly installments, provided that the recipient continues to be employed by the Company. The unvested portions of the Options are subject to accelerated vesting upon (i) a change of effective control of the Company, (ii) the filing of the first Biologics License Application or other application for product approval in any jurisdiction, (iii) completion of any randomized clinical trial that meets its endpoint(s) (Phase II or Phase III), (iv) decision by the Board, in its discretion or (v) the death of the recipient.
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value		$ 0.4	$ 0.5
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized		$ 0.2	$ 0.2
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition			1 year 9 months 18 days
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense			$ 0.7
Chief Technical Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number	7.9
Chief Scientific Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number	3.4

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Outstanding Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2017		Dec. 31, 2016
Face Value		$ 27,818		$ 32,561
Remaining Debt Discount		(2,612)		(850)
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		1,794
Carrying Value		27,000		31,711
Short-term Debt [Member]
Face Value		135		11,135
Remaining Debt Discount		0		(175)
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		0
Carrying Value		135		10,960
Short term notes payable [Member]
Face Value		5,606
Remaining Debt Discount		(312)
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		0
Carrying Value		5,294
Short term notes payable related parties [Member]
Face Value		1,471		310
Remaining Debt Discount		0		0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		0
Carrying Value		$ 1,471		$ 310
Six Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[1]	Due		Due
Stated Interest Rate	[1]	6.00%		6.00%
Conversion Price	[1]	$ 3.09		$ 3.09
Face Value	[1]	$ 135		$ 135
Remaining Debt Discount	[1]	0		0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[1]	0
Carrying Value	[1]	135		$ 135
Eight Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short term notes payable [Member]
Face Value	[2]	2,310
Remaining Debt Discount	[2]	(55)
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[2]	0
Carrying Value	[2]	$ 2,255
Eight Percent Unsecured [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[3]			Jun. 30, 2018
Stated Interest Rate	[3]			8.00%
Eight Percent Unsecured [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Short term notes payable [Member]
Maturity Date		In Default
Stated Interest Rate	[2]	15.00%
Eight Percent Unsecured [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Short term notes payable [Member]
Maturity Date	[2]	Dec. 05, 2017
Stated Interest Rate	[2]	8.00%
Eight Percent Unsecured One [Member] | Short term notes payable [Member]
Maturity Date	[4]	Jun. 30, 2018
Stated Interest Rate	[4]	8.00%
Face Value	[4]	$ 2,206
Remaining Debt Discount	[4]	(144)
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[4]	0
Carrying Value	[4]	$ 2,062
Ten Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[5]	In Default
Stated Interest Rate	[5]	10.00%
Conversion Price	[5]	$ 0.16
Face Value	[5]	$ 0
Remaining Debt Discount	[5]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[5]	0
Carrying Value	[5]	$ 0
Ten Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short term notes payable [Member]
Maturity Date	[5]			Nov. 04, 2017
Maturity Date	[3]	On Demand
Stated Interest Rate	[5]			10.00%
Face Value		$ 650	[3]	$ 2,450	[5]
Remaining Debt Discount		0	[3]	0	[5]
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[3]	0
Carrying Value		$ 650	[3]	$ 2,450	[5]
Ten Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short term notes payable related parties [Member]
Maturity Date		On Demand	[6]	On Demand
Stated Interest Rate		10.00%	[6]	10.00%
Face Value		$ 1,421	[6]	$ 50
Remaining Debt Discount		0	[6]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[6]	0
Carrying Value		$ 1,421	[6]	$ 50
Twelve Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short term notes payable [Member]
Maturity Date	[7]	On Demand
Stated Interest Rate	[7]	12.00%
Face Value	[7]	$ 440
Remaining Debt Discount	[7]	(113)
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[7]	0
Carrying Value	[7]	$ 327
Twelve Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short term notes payable related parties [Member]
Maturity Date		On Demand	[6]	On Demand
Stated Interest Rate		12.00%	[6]	12.00%
Face Value		$ 50	[6]	$ 260
Remaining Debt Discount		0	[6]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[6]	0
Carrying Value		$ 50	[6]	$ 260
Short term mortgage loan [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[8]	Aug. 13, 2018
Stated Interest Rate	[8]	12.00%
Face Value	[8]	$ 4,831
Remaining Debt Discount	[8]	(191)
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[8]	0
Carrying Value	[8]	4,640
Five Percent 2014 Senior convertible note [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date				Aug. 15, 2017
Stated Interest Rate				5.00%
Conversion Price				$ 6.60
Face Value				$ 11,000
Remaining Debt Discount				(175)
Carrying Value				$ 10,825
Mortgage loan [Member]
Stated Interest Rate	[9]			12.00%
Face Value		11,243		$ 10,156	[9]
Remaining Debt Discount		(228)		(365)	[9]
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		0
Carrying Value		11,015		$ 9,791	[9]
Mortgage loan [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Maturity Date	[9]			Nov. 16, 2017
Share Settled Debt [Member]
Carrying Value		$ 4,000
Share Settled Debt [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date		In Default	[10]	In Default	[8]
Stated Interest Rate		18.00%	[10]	18.00%	[8]
Conversion Price		$ 0.16	[10]	$ 0.35	[8]
Face Value		$ 4,013	[10]	$ 5,200	[8]
Remaining Debt Discount		0	[10]	0	[8]
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[10]	0
Carrying Value		$ 4,013	[10]	5,200	[8]
Long term mortgage loan [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date		Nov. 16, 2018
Stated Interest Rate		12.00%
Face Value		$ 6,412
Remaining Debt Discount		(37)
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		0
Carrying Value		$ 6,375
Twelve Percent Secured [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[9]	Jun. 21, 2020
Stated Interest Rate	[9]	12.00%
Conversion Price	[9]	$ 0.50
Face Value	[9]	$ 5,350
Remaining Debt Discount	[9]	(2,072)
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[9]	1,794
Carrying Value	[9]	$ 5,072
Eight Percent unsecured note [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member]
Face Value	[3]			3,310
Remaining Debt Discount	[3]			(310)
Carrying Value	[3]			$ 3,000

[1] This $135,000 note as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of two separate 6% notes in the amounts of $110,000 and $25,000. In regard to the $110,000 note due in 2011, the Company has made ongoing attempts to locate the creditor to repay or convert this note, but has been unable to locate the creditor to date. In regard to the $25,000 note due in 2011, during the year ended December 31, 2013, the holder has elected to convert these notes into equity, the Company has delivered the applicable conversion documents to the holder, and the Company is waiting for the holder to execute and return the documents.

[2] On March 3, 2017 and June 5, 2017, the Company entered into two promissory notes agreement (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,310,000. The Notes bore interest at 8% per annum with a 6 month term. One of the Notes became in default as of September 3, 2017. The Notes carry an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. The remaining unamortized debt discount related the Notes was approximately $55,000 as of September 30, 2017.

[3] During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered multiple promissory note agreement (the “Notes”) with certain investors for an aggregate principal amount of $2.4 million. The Notes bore interest at either 0%, 10% or 12% per annum, and were payable upon demand. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company induced the holders to convert approximately $1.8 million principal and accrued interest of the Notes into approximately 10.6 million shares of common stock at fair value of approximately $1.9 million. In addition, the Company issued approximately 12.5 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.49 and a fair value of approximately $0.9 million. The Company recorded debt extinguishment of approximately $1.1 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2017.

[4] On December 30, 2016, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $3.3 million. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum with 18 months term. The Note carries an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple exchange agreement with the Note holder to convert approximately $1.1 million principal and $0.2 million accrued interest into approximately 8.8 million shares of common stock at fair value of $1.7 million. The Company recorded approximately $408,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

[5] On November 4, 2016, the Company entered into three promissory notes agreements (“the November 2016 Notes”) with an individual investor (“the Holder”) for an aggregate amount of $2.45 million. The Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% with 1 year term. On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into a series of promissory notes (the “March 2017 Notes”) with unrelated third parties in the original principal amount of $1,450,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for aggregate net proceeds of $1.4 million with no stated interest rate. On April 12, 2017, the Company made a repayment of $258,000 to one of the March 2017 Notes holders. During the nine months period ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple amendments (the “Amendment”) to the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes. The Company recorded an approximate $2.4 million debt extinguishment loss from the Amendment. The Company also recorded approximately $407,000 additional debt premium pursuant to the Amendment. During the nine months period ended September 30, 2017, the Company induced the holders of the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes to convert approximately $4.2 million of principal, debt premium and accrued interest into approximately 24.7 million shares of common stock at a fair value of approximately $5.8 million, and approximately 43.8 million warrants with weighted average exercise price of $0.53, at fair value of approximately $4.6 million using Black-Scholes model. The Company also reversed approximately $5.2 million of embedded conversion features as of the conversion date, which was recorded as gain from debt extinguishment. Overall, the Company recorded approximately $1.0 million net debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

[6] Related Party Notes Goldman Notes During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,334,000 pursuant to certain Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). $470,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and $864,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% per annum. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $955,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of $350,000 outstanding debt incurred during the year ended December 31, 2016. The outstanding principal amount for Goldman Notes was $689,000 as of September 30, 2017. Toucan Notes During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repaid approximately $688,000 of the Toucan Notes. The outstanding principal amount for Toucan Notes was $482,000 as of September 30, 2017. Board of Directors Notes During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company.

[7] During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered two promissory note agreements (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $440,000. The Notes bore interest at 12% per annum, and is payable upon demand. The Company also issued approximately 1.2 million warrants with a weighted average strike price of $0.19 in conjunction the Note. The Company recorded $139,000 debt discount at the issuance date, which is the fair value of the warrants.

[8] The mortgage loan was originally due in August 2017 and has been renewed for additional one year until August 17, 2018. The Company recorded a $218,000 renewal fee. The mortgage loan was originally due in November 2017 and has been renewed for an additional one year until November 16, 2018.

[9] 2014 Senior Convertible Notes Due to the Nasdaq delisting on December 19, 2016, the term of the 2014 Convertible Senior Notes (the “2014 Notes”) Indenture required the Company to offer to repurchase the entire principal and all remaining interest through the Notes’ original maturity date. The debt holders (the “Holders”) accepted the offer, and the Company was required to repurchase the entire 2014 Notes on March 10, 2017. The full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes, as well as $660,000 of interest payments and cash and stock forbearance payments were completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, through a series of transactions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into multiple agreements to extend the date for payment of the 2014 Notes to June 20, 2017. As an additional consideration to the Holders to delay the 2014 Notes repayment, the Company issued the Holders an aggregate 7.1 million common stock. The total forbearance charge of $2.6 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss and was based upon the fair value of the common stock of $2.1 million on the grant date and cash payments of $0.5 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repaid in cash $3.0 million of principal of the 2014 Notes, and repaid an additional $3.0 million of principal in common stock and warrants, and $5 million of principal of the 2014 Notes was repurchased by the investor pursuant to an Exchange Agreement and Note Agreement, as described below. 2017 Secured Convertible Notes On June 21, 2017, an unaffiliated investor (the “Investor”) agreed to purchase $5.0 million of the 2014 Notes from the Holders, pursuant to a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”). Also on June 21, 2017, the Company and the Investor entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange its $5.0 million of the 2014 Note for new convertible notes (the “2017 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $5.6 million, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%. The Company and the Investor also entered another secured convertible note with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $355,000, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%, for $204,000 in cash. Total debt outstanding as of September 30, 2017 was $5.4 million under the 2017 Secured Convertible Notes. The 2017 Notes have a 3-year maturity and bear interest at 12% per annum. No interest will be payable during the term, but interest will accrue and be payable at maturity. The 2017 Notes are secured by the property owned by the Company in the U.K., and not by any other assets of the Company. The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share. The transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The Company recorded an approximate $1.8 million embedded conversion feature on the 2017 Notes as part of debt discount on the issuance date. On August 4, 2017, the Company induced the holder to convert $650,000 principal of the 2017 Notes into approximately 3.3 million shares of common stock at fair value of $0.24. In addition, the Company also issued approximately 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.23 and 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.30. The aggregate fair value of these 3.2 million warrants was approximately $0.4 million using a Black-Scholes model. The Company also reversed approximately $108,000 of embedded derivative liabilities and a $256,000 unamortized debt discount associated with the 2017 Notes. The Company recorded approximately $668,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.

[10] During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt converted approximately $1.2 million of outstanding share-settled debt.

XML

Outstanding Debt (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Other interest expenses	$ 5	$ 2	$ 10	$ 2
Amortization of debt discount			1,158	639
Total interest expense	1,193	691	3,695	2,138
Secured Debt [Member]
Contractual interest	304	305	953	970
Amortization of debt issuance costs	126	136	368	428
Total interest expense	430	441	1,321	1,398
Notes Payable, Other Payables [Member]
Contractual interest	354	38	743	114
Additional debt premium	59	0	407	0
Amortization of debt discount	345	0	615	0
Total interest expense	758	38	1,765	114
Senior Convertiable Note [Member]
Contractual interest	0	139	424	413
Amortization of debt issuance costs	0	71	175	211
Interest and Debt Expense	$ 0	$ 210	$ 599	$ 624

XML

Outstanding Debt (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions						1 Months Ended					3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 04, 2017	Jun. 14, 2017	Apr. 12, 2017	Mar. 03, 2017	Nov. 04, 2016	Jun. 21, 2017	Jun. 05, 2017	May 22, 2017	Mar. 30, 2017	Dec. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 05, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2013
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount							$ 500,000	$ 2,000,000			$ 5,500,000			$ 1,187,000	$ 0
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued							3.3	11.0			32.9
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 27,818,000			27,818,000		$ 32,561,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount											$ 2,612,000			$ 2,612,000		850,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights											$ 0.48			$ 0.48
Notes Payable											$ 135,000			$ 135,000
Legal Fees											1,595,000		$ 1,913,000	7,530,000	7,394,000
Proceeds from Notes Payable														4,864,000	0
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt	$ 668,000						$ (400,000)	$ (700,000)			(1,975,000)		$ (433,000)	(10,517,000)	(433,000)
Embedded Derivative, Fair Value of Embedded Derivative Liability	108,000										$ 1,794,000			1,794,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Premium	$ 256,000
Class of Warrants or Right, Number,Issued											40.4
Class of Warrants or Right, Value,Issued											$ 4,700,000
Extinguishment of Debt, Amount														1,100,000
Long-term Debt											$ 27,000,000			$ 27,000,000		31,711,000
Second Mortgage [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date														Nov. 16, 2018
Multiple Exchange Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount														$ 1,700,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued														8.8
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount														$ 1,100,000
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt														408,000
Debt Instrument, Increase, Accrued Interest														200,000
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt														$ 5,200,000
Note One [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage											8.00%			8.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 440,000			$ 440,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount											$ 55,000			$ 55,000
Debt Instrument, Term														6 months
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right											1.2			1.2
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights											$ 0.19			$ 0.19
Debt Related Commitment Fees and Debt Issuance Costs														$ 300,000
Legal Fees														$ 10,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal												$ 2,310,000
Note Two [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage										8.00%
Debt Instrument, Term										18 months
Debt Related Commitment Fees and Debt Issuance Costs										$ 300,000
Legal Fees										10,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal										$ 3,300,000
Promissory Note [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage					10.00%						12.00%			12.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount					$ 2,450,000
Debt Instrument, Term					1 year
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights											$ 0.19			$ 0.19
Note Due In 2011 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes Payable											$ 110,000			$ 110,000				$ 25,000
The Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal														2,400,000
November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount														4,200,000
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt														1,000,000
Multiple Promissory Note [Member] | Multiple Promissory Note Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount														$ 1,900,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued														10.6
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 2,400,000			$ 2,400,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights											$ 0.49			$ 0.49
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount														$ 1,800,000
Class of Warrants or Right, Number,Issued														12.5
Class of Warrants or Right, Value,Issued														$ 900,000
Two Thousand Seventeen Note [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price	$ 0.24
Two Thousand Seventeen Note [Member] | Warrant One [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 0.23
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Warrants or Options Issued	1.6
Two Thousand Seventeen Note [Member] | Warrant Two [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 0.30
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Warrants or Options Issued	1.6
Two Thousand Seventeen Note [Member] | Warrant Three [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount	$ 400,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Warrants or Options Issued	3.2
Goldman Note [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage											12.00%			12.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 1,334,000			$ 1,334,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal														955,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Interest														47,000
Repayments of Long-term Debt																350,000
Long-term Debt											689,000			689,000
Six Percentage Note Payable One [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes Payable											110,000			110,000
Six Percentage Note Payable Two [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes Payable																$ 25,000
Share Settled Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued		1.0							2.5
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal															$ 1,200,000
Long-term Debt											4,000,000			4,000,000
Note Amendment [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt														2,400,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Premium											407,000			$ 407,000
Senior Convertible Notes 2014 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued														7.1
Repayments of Other Long-term Debt														$ 3,000,000
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											500,000			500,000
Repayments Of Convertible Notes Payable														11,000,000
Fair Value Of Common Stock														2,100,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal														5,000,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Interest														660,000
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt														2,600,000
Senior Convertible Notes 2017 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage						12.00%
Embedded Derivative, Fair Value of Embedded Derivative, Net											1,800,000			$ 1,800,000
Debt Instrument, Term						3 years
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal	$ 3,300,000
Debt Instrument, Description														The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share.
Convertible Debt											$ 5,400,000			$ 5,400,000
March 2017 Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage				3.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount				$ 1,450,000
Repayments of Notes Payable			$ 258,000
Proceeds from Notes Payable				$ 1,400,000
Goldman Note Two [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage											10.00%			10.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 864,000			$ 864,000
First Mortgage Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date														Aug. 17, 2018
Deferred Finance Costs, Net											$ 218,000			$ 218,000
Goldman Note One [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage											12.00%			12.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 470,000			$ 470,000
Investor [Member] | Senior Convertible Notes 2017 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage						9.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount						$ 5,000,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal						$ 5,600,000
Toucan Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage											10.00%			10.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 1,170,000			$ 1,170,000
Debt Instrument, Term											7 days
Repayments of Notes Payable											$ 688,000
Long-term Debt											$ 482,000			$ 482,000
Board of Directors Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage											10.00%			10.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 300,000			$ 300,000
Debt Instrument, Term											7 days
Investor Another Secured Notes [Member] | Senior Convertible Notes 2017 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage						9.00%
Repayments Of Convertible Notes Payable						$ 204,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal						$ 355,000
Common Stock [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount														$ 5,800,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued														24.7
Common Stock [Member] | Two Thousand Seventeen Note [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued	3.3
Warrant [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount														$ 4,600,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights											$ 0.53			$ 0.53			$ 0.01
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Warrants or Options Issued														43.8
Common Stock and Warrants [Member] | Senior Convertible Notes 2014 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal														$ 3,000,000
Minimum [Member] | The Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage											0.00%			0.00%
Minimum [Member] | Multiple Promissory Note [Member] | Multiple Promissory Note Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage											0.00%			0.00%
Maximum [Member] | The Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage											12.00%			12.00%
Maximum [Member] | Multiple Promissory Note [Member] | Multiple Promissory Note Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage											12.00%			12.00%

XML

Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	230,322	43,601
Common stock options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	12,656	1,551
Common stock warrants - equity treatment [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	37,499	38,990
Common stock warrants - liability treatment [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	141,468	1,316
Share-settled debt and accrued interest, at fair value [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	23,406	0
Convertible notes and accrued interest [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	15,293	1,744

XML

Related Party Transactions (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cognate research and development cost - services	$ 9,721,000	$ 21,094,000	$ 20,222,000	$ 43,247,000
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	27,818,000		27,818,000		$ 32,561,000
Trade Liabilities Waived by Related Parties, Amount			3,750,000
Long-term Debt	27,000,000		27,000,000		31,711,000
Goldman Note [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 1,334,000		$ 1,334,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	12.00%		12.00%
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal			$ 955,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Interest			47,000
Repayments of Long-term Debt					350,000
Long-term Debt	$ 689,000		689,000
Goldman Note One [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 470,000		$ 470,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	12.00%		12.00%
Goldman Note Two [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 864,000		$ 864,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	10.00%		10.00%
Cognate Bioservices [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cognate research and development cost - services	$ 7,800,000	$ 18,200,000	$ 13,000,000	$ 34,800,000
Accounts Payable, Related Parties	27,800,000		27,800,000		23,400,000
Cognate [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts Payable, Related Parties					$ 3,750,000
Related Party Transaction, Expenses from Transactions with Related Party	1,300,000		3,700,000
Toucan Notes [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 1,170,000		$ 1,170,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	10.00%		10.00%
Repayments of Debt			$ 688,000
Long-term Debt	$ 482,000		482,000
Various Related Parties [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 300,000		$ 300,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	10.00%		10.00%

XML

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Details) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Number of Warrants, Outstanding	58,278
Number of Warrants, Warrants granted	191,965
Number of Warrants, Warrants exercised for cash	(24,327)
Number of Warrants, Cashless Warrants exercise	(16,071)
Number of Warrants, Warrants expired and cancellation	(30,878)
Number of Warrants, Outstanding	178,967	58,278
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Outstanding	$ 1.78
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants granted	0.47
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants exercised for cash	0.11
Weighted average exercise Price - Cashless warrants exercise	0.20
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants expired and cancelled	1.18
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Outstanding	$ 0.84	$ 1.78
Remaining Contractual Term	3 years 6 months 7 days	3 years 10 months 10 days

XML

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Details Textual) - USD ($)							1 Months Ended							3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	Aug. 07, 2017	Aug. 04, 2017	Jul. 06, 2017	Jun. 14, 2017	Apr. 14, 2017	Mar. 10, 2017	Sep. 22, 2017	Jul. 17, 2017	Jun. 05, 2017	May 31, 2017	May 22, 2017	Mar. 30, 2017	Mar. 17, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Shares payment due to Cognate BioServices (in Shares)			1,300,000
Shares Issued, Price Per Share			$ 0.18		$ 0.26		$ 0.20		$ 0.14		$ 0.18
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises																$ 31,000		$ 2,805,000	$ 8,066,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount									$ 500,000		$ 2,000,000			$ 5,500,000				1,187,000	0
Stock Issued During Period Shares Issued For Non cash Consideration 1								6,900,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues					1,400,000		8,700,000						18,800,000
Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement																		$ 1,616,000	926,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued									3,300,000		11,000,000			32,900,000
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock					$ 360,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights														$ 0.48				$ 0.48
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity													$ 7,500,000
Warrants Not Settleable in Cash, Fair Value Disclosure																$ 713,000
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt		$ 668,000							$ (400,000)		$ (700,000)			$ (1,975,000)			$ (433,000)	$ (10,517,000)	(433,000)
Shares Issued During Period Shares, Upon Exercise Of warrants																3,100,000
Warrants and Rights Outstanding									300,000	$ 1,600,000	900,000
Debt Instrument, Face Amount														27,818,000				27,818,000		$ 32,561,000
Common Stock, Value, Outstanding									$ 600,000	3,900,000	$ 1,800,000			7,800,000				7,800,000
Long-term Debt														27,000,000				27,000,000		31,711,000
Proceeds from Private Offering														2,600,000				2,550,000	0
Shares Payable, Current														$ 2,550,000			$ 2,600,000	$ 2,550,000	$ 2,600,000	$ 0
Class Of Warrant Or Right, Outstanding														178,967,000				178,967,000		58,278,000
Class of Warrants or Right, Value,Issued														$ 4,700,000
Class of Warrants or Right, Number,Issued														40,400,000
Senior Convertiable Note [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount						$ 1,500,000									$ 500,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued						4,000,000									3,000,000
Debt Instrument, Face Amount						$ 11,000,000									$ 11,000,000
Share Settled Debt [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Other														3,500,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued				1,000,000								2,500,000
Long-term Debt														$ 4,000,000				$ 4,000,000
2014 Senior Convertible Notes [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount										$ 3,000,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued										20,628,571
Series A Warrants [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Sale of Stock, Price Per Share													$ 0.26
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 0.27												$ 0.26
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights	13,500,000												21,600,000
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term	5 years												5 years
Series B Warrants [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights													$ 1.00
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights													21,600,000
Series C Warrants [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights													$ 0.26		$ 0.26
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights													10,000,000
Class Of Warrant Or Right Exercise Price, Payable On exercise Of Warrant													$ 0.01
Class Of Warrant Or Right Prefunded Exercise Price													$ 0.25			$ 0.25
Warrants and Rights Outstanding																$ 6,200,000
Class A Warrant [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement							$ 1,600,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 0.27				$ 0.26		$ 0.22				$ 0.26
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights	900,000				1,000,000		4,400,000				8,000,000
Warrants Not Settleable in Cash, Fair Value Disclosure	$ 2,000,000							$ 3,100,000
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term	5 years						5 years				5 years
Gross Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement							$ 1,800,000
Class Of Warrant Or Right, Outstanding	14,500,000							16,000,000
Class B Warrant [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Proceeds from Issuance of Warrants	$ 2,700,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights					$ 1.00						$ 1.00
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights	13,500,000				1,000,000						8,000,000
Warrants Not Settleable in Cash, Fair Value Disclosure	$ 300,000
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term	90 days										90 days
Inducement Loss Related to Warrant	$ 300,000
Class D Warrant [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights									$ 0.175
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights									2,500,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Warrant Term									2 years
Private And Public Offering [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Shares Issued, Price Per Share														$ 0.20	$ 0.15			$ 0.20
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues														5,400,000	3,600,000
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock														$ 1,100,000	$ 552,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights														$ 0.26	$ 0.33			$ 0.26
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights														5,300,000	3,300,000			5,300,000
Warrant [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises															$ 69,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount																		$ 4,600,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues															6,900,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights														$ 0.53	$ 0.01			$ 0.53
Warrants and Rights Outstanding														$ 1,100,000				$ 1,100,000
Warrant [Member] | 2014 Senior Convertible Notes [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues										800,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights										$ 0.175
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights										16,000,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Warrant Term										2 years
Maximum [Member] | Class B Warrant [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 1.00
Minimum [Member] | Class B Warrant [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 0.20

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Variable Interest Entities (Details Textual) - Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2017	Oct. 31, 2016
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Variable Interest Entity, Consolidated, Carrying Amount, Liabilities		$ 5.7
Variable Interest Entity, Reporting Entity Involvement, Maximum Loss Exposure, Amount	$ 4.5

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - DCVax-Direct Agreement [Member] $ in Millions	Jan. 17, 2014 USD ($)
Condition One [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount	$ 3.0
Condition Two [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount	5.0
Condition Three [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount	1.5
Condition Four [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount	2.0
Condition Five [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount	3.0
Condition Six [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount	$ 5.0

XML

Subsequent Events (Details Textual) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, shares in Millions			1 Months Ended			2 Months Ended
	Oct. 10, 2017 ft²	Apr. 14, 2017 shares	Oct. 20, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 22, 2017 shares	Mar. 17, 2017 shares	Nov. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 05, 2017 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues | shares		1.4		8.7	18.8
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights | $ / shares							$ 0.48
Debt Instrument, Face Amount | $							$ 27,818		$ 32,561
Class D Warrant [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights | $ / shares								$ 0.175
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights | shares								2.5
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues | shares			2.9
Sale of Stock, Price Per Share | $ / shares			$ 0.17
Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues | $			$ 500
Debt Instrument, Face Amount | $						$ 2,200
Area of Land | ft²	275,000
Lessor, Operating Lease, Term of Contract	5 years
Lessor, Operating Lease, Variable Lease Payment, Terms and Conditions	The tenant will undertake at least $1.1 million of repairs and improvements to the building in return for five and a half months of free rent (which began upon execution of the lease and ends on March 24, 2018). Thereafter, the tenant will pay rent at an annualized rate of approximately $1.0 million for the first year, and thereafter rent at an annualized rate of approximately $1.4 million for each year or partial year for the rest of the lease term, plus VAT. The tenant will also pay a proportional share of the common costs and the insurance costs for the overall site.
Subsequent Event [Member] | Exchange Note [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage						8.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount | $						$ 2,400
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date, Description						will be due in September 2018 and December 2018.
Subsequent Event [Member] | Class D Warrant [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights | $ / shares			$ 0.22
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights | shares			1.5
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term			2 years