UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended October 31, 2019

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from_____ to _____

Commission File No. 001-11507

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

New York	13-5593032
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
111 River Street, Hoboken, New Jersey	07030
(Address of principal executive offices)	Zip Code

(201) 748-6000

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

	Not Applicable
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share	JW.A	New York Stock Exchange
Class B Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share	JW.B	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes ☐   No ☒

The number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant’s classes of common stock as of November 30, 2019 were:

Class A, par value $1.00 – 47,041,052

Class B, par value $1.00 – 9,115,923

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position – Unaudited as of October 31, 2019 and as of April 30, 2019	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income – Unaudited for the three and six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Unaudited for the three and six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Unaudited for the six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018	8
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity – Unaudited for the three and six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018	9
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
	Note 1.    Basis of Presentation	11
	Note 2.    Recent Accounting Standards	11
	Note 3.    Acquisitions	13
	Note 4.    Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers	15
	Note 5.    Operating Leases	16
	Note 6.    Stock-Based Compensation	18
	Note 7.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	18
	Note 8.    Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding	19
	Note 9.    Restructuring and Related Charges	19
	Note 10.  Segment Information	22
	Note 11.  Inventories	23
	Note 12.  Goodwill and Intangible Assets	23
	Note 13.  Income Taxes	24
	Note 14.  Retirement Plans	24
	Note 15.  Debt and Available Credit Facilities	24
	Note 16.  Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities	25
	Note 17.  Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts	26
	Note 18.  Commitments and Contingencies	27
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	40
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	41
Item 1a.	Risk Factors	41
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	41
Item 6.	Exhibits	41
SIGNATURES

 2

Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements “Safe Harbor” Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995:

This report contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 concerning our business, consolidated financial condition and results of operations. The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better understand a company’s prospects and make informed investment decisions. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by such words as “anticipates,” “believes,” “plan,” “assumes,” “could,” “should,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “potential,” “seek,” “predict,” “may,” “will” and similar references to future periods. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report regarding our strategies, prospects, financial condition, operations, costs, plans and objectives are forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding our fiscal year 2020 outlook, anticipated restructuring charges and savings, operations, performance, and financial condition.  Reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements, as actual results may differ materially from those in any forward-looking statements. Any such forward-looking statements are based upon many assumptions and estimates that are inherently subject to uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, and are subject to change based on many important factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to (i) the level of investment in new technologies and products; (ii) subscriber renewal rates for our journals; (iii) the financial stability and liquidity of journal subscription agents; (iv) the consolidation of book wholesalers and retail accounts; (v) the market position and financial stability of key retailers; (vi) the seasonal nature of our educational business and the impact of the used book market; (vii) worldwide economic and political conditions; (viii) our ability to protect our copyrights and other intellectual property worldwide; (ix) our ability to successfully integrate acquired operations and realize expected opportunities; (x) the ability to realize operating savings over time and in fiscal year 2020 in connection with our multi-year Business Optimization Program; and (xi) other factors detailed from time to time in our filings with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.

Please refer to Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for important factors that we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures:

We present financial information that conforms to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). We also present financial information that does not conform to U.S. GAAP, which we refer to as non-GAAP.

In this report, we may present the following non-GAAP performance measures:

● Adjusted Earnings Per Share (“Adjusted EPS”);

● Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending;

● Adjusted Revenue;

● Adjusted Operating Income and margin;

● Adjusted Contribution to Profit and margin;

● EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and margin;

● Organic revenue; and

● Results on a constant currency basis.

Management uses these non-GAAP performance measures as supplemental indicators of our operating performance and financial position as well for internal reporting and forecasting purposes, when publicly providing its outlook, to evaluate our performance and to evaluate and calculate incentive compensation. We present these non-GAAP performance measures in addition to U.S. GAAP financial results because we believe that these non-GAAP performance measures provide useful information to certain investors and financial analysts for operational trends and comparisons over time. The use of these non-GAAP performance measures may also provide a consistent basis to evaluate operating profitability and performance trends by excluding items that we do not consider to be controllable activities for this purpose.

 3

For example:

● Adjusted EPS, Adjusted Revenue, Adjusted Operating Profit, Adjusted Contribution to Profit, Adjusted EBITDA, and organic revenue a more comparable basis to analyze operating results and earnings and are measures commonly used by shareholders to measure our performance.

● Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending helps assess our ability, over the long term, to create value for our shareholders as it represents cash available to repay debt, pay common stock dividends and fund share repurchases and acquisitions.

● Results on a constant currency basis removes distortion from the effects of foreign currency movements to provide better comparability of our business trends from period to period. We measure our performance before the impact of foreign currency (or at “constant currency”), which means that we apply the same foreign currency exchange rates for the current and equivalent prior period.

In addition, we have historically provided these or similar non-GAAP performance measures and understand that some investors and financial analysts find this information helpful in analyzing our operating margins, and net income and comparing our financial performance to that of our peer companies and competitors. Based on interactions with investors, we also believe that our non-GAAP performance measures are regarded as useful to our investors as supplemental to our U.S. GAAP financial results, and that there is no confusion regarding the adjustments or our operating performance to our investors due to the comprehensive nature of our disclosures. We have not provided our 2020 outlook for the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures, as they are not available without unreasonable effort due to the high variability, complexity, and low visibility with respect to certain items, including restructuring charges and credits, gains and losses on foreign currency, and other gains and losses. These items are uncertain, depend on various factors, and could be material to our consolidated results computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Non-GAAP performance measures do not have standardized meanings prescribed by U.S. GAAP and therefore may not be comparable to the calculation of similar measures used by other companies and should not be viewed as alternatives to measures of financial results under U.S. GAAP. The adjusted metrics have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation from or as a substitute for U.S. GAAP information. It does not purport to represent any similarly titled U.S. GAAP information and is not an indicator of our performance under U.S. GAAP. Non-U.S. GAAP financial metrics that we present may not be comparable with similarly titled measures used by others. Investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on these non-U.S. GAAP measures.

 4

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION – UNAUDITED

In thousands

	October 31, 2019			April 30, 2019
Assets:
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	107,744		$	92,890
Accounts receivable, net		235,466			294,867
Inventories, net		45,032			35,582
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		58,926			67,441
Total Current Assets		447,168			490,780
Product Development Assets, net		57,394			62,470
Royalty Advances, net		16,473			36,185
Technology, Property and Equipment, net		294,761			289,021
Intangible Assets, net		880,613			865,572
Goodwill		1,143,197			1,095,666
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets		145,886			—
Other Non-Current Assets		97,279			97,308
Total Assets	$	3,082,771		$	2,937,002
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	74,425		$	90,980
Accrued royalties		91,438			78,062
Short-term portion of long-term debt		6,250			—
Contract liabilities		248,653			507,365
Accrued employment costs		74,727			97,230
Accrued income taxes		3,294			21,025
Short-term portion of operating lease liabilities		18,409			—
Other accrued liabilities		68,446			75,900
Total Current Liabilities		585,642			870,562
Long-Term Debt		788,360			478,790
Accrued Pension Liability		152,707			166,331
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities		137,295			143,775
Operating Lease Liabilities		164,622			—
Other Long-Term Liabilities		75,149			96,197
Total Liabilities		1,903,775			1,755,655
Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock, $1 par value: Authorized – 2 million, Issued 0		—			—
Class A Common Stock, $1 par value: Authorized - 180 million, Issued 70,149 and 70,127 as of October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2019, respectively		70,149			70,127
Class B Common Stock, $1 par value: Authorized - 72 million, Issued 13,033 and 13,055 as of October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2019, respectively		13,033			13,055
Additional paid-in-capital		429,968			422,305
Retained earnings		1,940,902			1,931,074
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(505,026	)		(508,738	)
Treasury stock (Class A - 23,107 and 22,634 as of October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2019, respectively; Class B - 3,918 and 3,918 as of October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2019, respectively)		(770,030	)		(746,476	)
Total Shareholders’ Equity		1,178,996			1,181,347
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	3,082,771		$	2,937,002

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 5

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME – UNAUDITED

Dollars in thousands except per share information

	Three Months Ended October 31,						Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenue, net	$	466,205		$	448,622		$	889,735		$	859,523
Costs and Expenses
Cost of sales		143,413			132,577			286,509			260,315
Operating and administrative expenses		240,380			236,207			490,550			476,633
Restructuring and related charges		4,001			9,996			14,736			3,910
Amortization of intangibles		15,020			12,367			29,990			25,050
Total Costs and Expenses		402,814			391,147			821,785			765,908
Operating Income		63,391			57,475			67,950			93,615
Interest Expense		(6,787	)		(3,608	)		(12,864	)		(6,404	)
Foreign Exchange Transaction Losses		(2,668	)		(54	)		(16	)		(1,783	)
Interest and Other Income		2,537			2,509			5,370			4,975
Income Before Taxes		56,473			56,322			60,440			90,403
Provision for Income Taxes		11,783			12,538			12,126			20,324
Net Income	$	44,690		$	43,784		$	48,314		$	70,079
Earnings Per Share
Basic	$	0.79		$	0.76		$	0.86		$	1.22
Diluted	$	0.79		$	0.76		$	0.85		$	1.21
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding
Basic		56,326			57,379			56,431			57,392
Diluted		56,664			57,870			56,791			57,955

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 6

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – UNAUDITED

Dollars in thousands

	Three Months Ended October 31,						Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net Income	$	44,690		$	43,784		$	48,314		$	70,079
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment		38,319			(20,424	)		2,780			(60,749	)
Unamortized retirement costs, net of tax benefit (provision) of $1,822, $(1,229), $(358), and $(3,717), respectively		(6,576	)		4,387			1,592			13,198
Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swaps, net of tax benefit of $236, $245, $280 and $449, respectively		(745	)		(781	)		(660	)		(1,433	)
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		30,998			(16,818	)		3,712			(48,984	)
Comprehensive Income	$	75,688		$	26,966		$	52,026		$	21,095

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 7

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – UNAUDITED

Dollars in thousands

	Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019			2018
Operating Activities
Net income	$	48,314		$	70,079
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Amortization of intangibles		29,990			25,050
Amortization of product development assets		17,616			18,928
Depreciation and amortization of technology, property and equipment		37,251			35,845
Restructuring and related charges		14,736			3,910
Stock-based compensation expense		10,289			8,882
Employee retirement plan expense		4,054			3,369
Royalty advances		(48,250	)		(50,580	)
Earned royalty advances		67,814			71,317
Foreign exchange transaction losses		16			1,783
Other non-cash charges		10,643			4,328
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities
Accounts receivable, net		60,836			1,921
Accounts payable		(17,765	)		(13,856	)
Contract liabilities		(263,665	)		(255,890	)
Other accrued liabilities		(34,612	)		(54,437	)
Other assets and liabilities		(36,788	)		12,790
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities		(99,521	)		(116,561	)
Investing Activities
Product development spending		(11,686	)		(12,351	)
Additions to technology, property and equipment		(44,531	)		(34,560	)
Businesses acquired in purchase transactions, net of cash acquired		(74,169	)		—
Acquisitions of publication rights and other		(4,045	)		(2,795	)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities		(134,431	)		(49,706	)
Financing Activities
Repayment of long-term debt		(65,680	)		(65,800	)
Borrowing of long-term debt		383,151			245,075
Payment of debt issuance costs		(4,006	)		—
Purchase of treasury shares		(25,000	)		(24,994	)
Change in book overdrafts		681			(3,066	)
Cash dividends		(38,486	)		(38,033	)
Net (payments) proceeds from exercise of stock options and other		(1,393	)		7,283
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities		249,267			120,465
Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash		(461	)		(8,368	)
Cash Reconciliation:
Cash and Cash Equivalents		92,890			169,773
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets		658			484
Balance at Beginning of Period		93,548			170,257
Increase/(Decrease) for the Period		14,854			(54,170	)
Cash and cash equivalents		107,744			115,603
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets		658			484
Balance at End of Period	$	108,402		$	116,087
Cash Paid During the Period for:
Interest	$	12,125		$	5,713
Income taxes, net of refunds	$	30,170		$	18,404

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 8

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY – UNAUDITED

Dollars in thousands

	Common Stock Class A		Common Stock Class B			Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Shareholder’s Equity
Balance at July 31, 2019	$	70,139	$	13,043		$	424,904		$	1,915,445		$	(755,501	)	$	(536,024	)	$	1,132,006
Restricted Shares Issued under Stock-based Compensation Plans		—		—			(681	)		1			787			—			107
Net (Payments) Proceeds from Exercise of Stock Options and Other		—		—			60			—			(316	)		—			(256	)
Stock-based Compensation Expense		—		—			5,685			—			—			—			5,685
Purchase of Treasury Shares		—		—			—			—			(15,000	)		—			(15,000	)
Class A Common Stock Dividends ($0.34 per share)		—		—			—			(16,130	)		—			—			(16,130	)
Class B Common Stock Dividends ($0.34 per share)		—		—			—			(3,104	)		—			—			(3,104	)
Common Stock Class Conversions		10		(10	)		—			—			—			—			—
Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax		—		—			—			44,690			—			30,998			75,688
Balance at October 31, 2019	$	70,149	$	13,033		$	429,968		$	1,940,902		$	(770,030	)	$	(505,026	)	$	1,178,996

	Common Stock Class A		Common Stock Class B			Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Shareholder’s Equity
Balance at July 31, 2018	$	70,115	$	13,067		$	413,488		$	1,845,811		$	(696,727	)	$	(471,746	)	$	1,174,008
Restricted Shares Issued under Stock-based Compensation Plans		—		—			(828	)		4			877			—			53
Net (Payments) Proceeds from Exercise of Stock Options and Other		—		—			106			—			(703	)		—			(597	)
Stock-based Compensation Expense		—		—			4,952			—			—			—			4,952
Purchase of Treasury Shares		—		—			—			—			(17,000	)		—			(17,000	)
Class A Common Stock Dividends ($0.33 per share)		—		—			—			(15,974	)		—			—			(15,974	)
Class B Common Stock Dividends ($0.33 per share)		—		—			—			(3,016	)		—			—			(3,016	)
Common Stock Class Conversions		10		(10	)		—			—			—			—			—
Adjustment Due to Adoption of New Revenue Standard		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax		—		—			—			43,784			—			(16,818	)		26,966
Balance at October 31, 2018	$	70,125	$	13,057		$	417,718		$	1,870,609		$	(713,553	)	$	(488,564	)	$	1,169,392

See accompanying notes to the audited consolidated financial statements.

 9

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY – UNAUDITED

Dollars in thousands

	Common Stock Class A		Common Stock Class B			Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Shareholder’s Equity
Balance at April 30, 2019	$	70,127	$	13,055		$	422,305		$	1,931,074		$	(746,476	)	$	(508,738	)	$	1,181,347
Restricted Shares Issued under Stock-based Compensation Plans		—		—			(2,793	)		—			3,006			—			213
Net (Payments) Proceeds from Exercise of Stock Options and Other		—		—			167			—			(1,560	)		—			(1,393	)
Stock-based Compensation Expense		—		—			10,289			—			—			—			10,289
Purchase of Treasury Shares		—		—			—			—			(25,000	)		—			(25,000	)
Class A Common Stock Dividends ($0.34 per share)		—		—			—			(32,278	)		—			—			(32,278	)
Class B Common Stock Dividends ($0.34 per share)		—		—			—			(6,208	)		—			—			(6,208	)
Common Stock Class Conversions		22		(22	)		—			—			—			—			—
Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax		—		—			—			48,314			—			3,712			52,026
Balance at October 31, 2019	$	70,149	$	13,033		$	429,968		$	1,940,902		$	(770,030	)	$	(505,026	)	$	1,178,996

	Common Stock Class A		Common Stock Class B			Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Shareholder’s Equity
Balance at April 30, 2018	$	70,111	$	13,071		$	407,120		$	1,834,057		$	(694,222	)	$	(439,580	)	$	1,190,557
Restricted Shares Issued under Stock-based Compensation Plans		—		—			(2,984	)		3			3,080			—			99
Net Proceeds (Payments) from Exercise of Stock Options and Other		—		—			4,700			—			2,583			—			7,283
Stock-based Compensation Expense		—		—			8,882			—			—			—			8,882
Purchase of Treasury Shares		—		—			—			—			(24,994	)		—			(24,994	)
Class A Common Stock Dividends ($0.33 per share)		—		—			—			(31,996	)		—			—			(31,996	)
Class B Common Stock Dividends ($0.33 per share)		—		—			—			(6,037	)		—			—			(6,037	)
Common Stock Class Conversions		14		(14	)		—			—			—			—			—
Adjustment Due to Adoption of New Revenue Standard		—		—			—			4,503			—			—			4,503
Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax		—		—			—			70,079			—			(48,984	)		21,095
Balance at October 31, 2018	$	70,125	$	13,057		$	417,718		$	1,870,609		$	(713,553	)	$	(488,564	)	$	1,169,392

See accompanying notes to the audited consolidated financial statements.

 10

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 — Basis of Presentation

Throughout this report, when we refer to “Wiley,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us,” we are referring to John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and all our subsidiaries, except where the context indicates otherwise.

Our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries. We have eliminated all intercompany transactions and balances in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Condition, Results of Operations, Comprehensive Income and Cash Flows for the periods presented. Operating results for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year. All amounts are in thousands, except per share amounts, and approximate due to rounding. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the most recent audited consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019 as filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019 (“2019 Form 10-K”).

Our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with the interim reporting requirements of the SEC. As permitted under those rules, annual footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The preparation of our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. The Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended October 31, 2018, includes a reclassification of $4.5 million, between Operating Activities within the net change in operating assets and liabilities and Investing Activities related to costs to fulfill a contract and product development spending. In addition, for the six months ended October 31, 2018, amortization expense related to costs to fulfill a contract of $1.2 million was reclassified from amortization of product development spending to other non-cash charges (credits) within Operating Activities.

Note 2 — Recent Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,” which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. We adopted ASU 2018-02 on May 1, 2019. We did not elect to reclassify the income tax effects from comprehensive income to retained earnings for the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Our policy for releasing the income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income is when the corresponding pretax accumulated other comprehensive income items are reclassified to earnings.

Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities,” to simplify and improve the application and financial reporting of hedge accounting. Subsequently, in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes”.  ASU 2017-12 eases the requirements for measuring and reporting hedge ineffectiveness and clarifies that changes in the fair value of hedging instruments for cash flow, net investment, and fair value hedges should be reflected in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. The guidance also permits entities to designate specific components in cash flow and interest rate hedges as the hedged risk, instead of using total cash flows. ASU 2018-16 allows the use of the OIS rate based on the SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. We adopted ASU 2017-12, 2018-06 and 2019-04, for those portions related to ASU 2017-02, on May 1, 2019 and there was no impact to our consolidated financial statements at the date of adoption. The future impact will depend on any future hedging activities we may enter into.

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Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)”. Subsequently, the FASB issued in March 2019, ASU 2019-01, “Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements”, in December 2018 ASU 2018-20, “Leases (Topic 842): Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors”, and in July 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements” and ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases”.  ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months and provide enhanced disclosures. Recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses depends on classification as a finance or operating lease. Similar modifications have been made to lessor accounting in-line with revenue recognition guidance.

The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We elected the practical expedients to forgo a reassessment of (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) initial direct costs.  We did not elect the practical expedient allowing the use-of-hindsight which would have required us to reassess the lease term of our leases based on all facts and circumstances through the effective date.  In addition, we did not elect the practical expedient pertaining to land easements.

In addition, the new standard provides as a practical expedient, certain policy elections for ongoing lease accounting which we elected at the date of adoption and included the following, (i) to not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component if certain conditions are met, and (ii) to not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases that qualify as short-term.

A modified retrospective transition approach was required, applying the standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. A company could choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as of its date of initial application. We adopted the new standard on May 1, 2019 and used the effective date as the date of initial application. Accordingly, previously reported financial information was not updated, and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before May 1, 2019. 

At adoption, we recognized operating lease liabilities of $178 million based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments for existing operating leases and ROU assets of $142 million on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The difference between the ROU assets and operating lease liabilities represents the existing deferred rent liabilities, prepaid rent balances, and applicable restructuring liabilities, which were reclassified upon adoption to reduce the measurement of the ROU assets. The adoption of the standard did not have an impact on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity, Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income or Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow. See Note 5, “Operating Leases”, for further details on our operating leases.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software: Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract.” ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” ASU 2018-14 removes certain disclosures that are not considered cost beneficial, clarifies certain required disclosures and added additional disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in ASU 2018-14 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis.  We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.

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Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” ASU 2018-13 removes, modifies and added disclosures. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Certain disclosures in ASU 2018-13 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our disclosures.

Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”, which simplifies the measurement of a potential goodwill impairment charge by eliminating the requirement to calculate an implied fair value of the goodwill based on the fair value of a reporting unit’s other assets and liabilities. The new guidance eliminates the implied fair value method and instead measures a potential impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying value compared to its fair value. The impairment charge cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is effective for us on May 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Based on our most recent annual goodwill impairment test completed in the year ended April 30, 2019, we expect no impact upon adoption.

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” Subsequently, in May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05 - "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief”, in April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments,” in November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses,” and in November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses”.  ASU 2016-13 requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for most financial assets held at the reporting date based on an expected loss model which includes historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Entities will now use forward-looking information to better form their credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 also requires enhanced disclosures to help financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. ASU 2016-13, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2018-19, and ASU 2019-11 are effective for us on May 1, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 3 — Acquisitions

Fiscal Year 2020

Zyante Inc.

On July 1, 2019, we completed the acquisition of Zyante Inc. (“zyBooks”), a leading provider of computer science and STEM education courseware. The results of operations of zyBooks is included in our Academic & Professional Learning segment results. The preliminary fair value of the consideration transferred at the acquisition date was $57.0 million which included $55.9 million of cash and $1.1 million of additional consideration to be paid after the acquisition date. The fair value of the cash consideration transferred including those amounts paid after the acquisition date, net of $1.8 million of cash acquired was approximately $54.3 million.

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The following table summarizes the preliminary consideration transferred to acquire zyBooks and the preliminary allocation of the purchase price among the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

	Preliminary Allocation as of July 1, 2019
Total cash consideration transferred at the acquisition date	$	55,884
Assets:
Current Assets		2,280
Technology, Property and Equipment, net		28
Intangible Assets, net		24,500
Goodwill		37,246
Total Assets	$	64,054
Liabilities:
Current Liabilities		2,581
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities		5,589
Total Liabilities	$	8,170

The following table summarizes the identifiable intangible assets acquired and their weighted-average useful life at the date of acquisition.

	Estimated Fair Value		Weighted-Average Useful Life (in Years)
Developed Technology	$	10,400		7
Customer Relationships		6,800		10
Content		4,400		10
Trademarks		2,900		10
Total	$	24,500

Other Acquisitions

On May 31, 2019, we completed the acquisition of certain assets of Knewton, Inc. (“Knewton”). Knewton is a provider of affordable courseware and adaptive learning technology. The results of Knewton are included in our Academic & Professional Learning segment results. In addition, in the three months ended July 31, 2019 we also completed the acquisition of two immaterial businesses, which are included in our Research Publishing & Platforms segment and in the three months ended October 31, 2019 one immaterial business included in our Academic & Professional Learning segment results.

The preliminary fair value of cash consideration transferred during the six months ended October 31, 2019 was approximately $19.9 million. We recorded the preliminary fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date, which included a preliminary allocation of $9.4 million of goodwill and $16.2 million of intangible assets.

The allocation of the total consideration transferred to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed for the acquisitions discussed above is preliminary and could be revised as a result of additional information obtained due to the finalization of the third-party valuation report, tax related matters and contingencies, but such amounts will be finalized within the measurement period, which will not exceed one year from the acquisition dates.

Fiscal Year 2019

The Learning House, Inc.

On November 1, 2018, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding stock of The Learning House, Inc. (“Learning House”) a diversified education services provider. The results of operations of Learning House are included in our Education Services segment.

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The fair value of the consideration transferred was $201.3 million which included $200.7 million of cash and $0.6 million of warrants, inclusive of purchase price adjustments which were finalized in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019. We financed the payment of the cash consideration through borrowings under our RCA (as defined below in Note 15, “Debt and Available Credit Facilities”). The warrants were classified as equity and allow the holder to purchase 400,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $90.00, subject to adjustments. The term of the warrants is three years, expiring on November 1, 2021. The fair value of the warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The final fair value of the cash consideration transferred, net of $10.3 million of cash acquired was $190.4 million.

The allocation of the consideration transferred to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed is final.

Note 4 — Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of Revenue

As previously announced, we changed our segment reporting structure to align with our strategic focus areas. See Note 10, “Segment Information,” for more details. The following table presents our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and product type.

	Three Months Ended October 31,				Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Research Publishing & Platforms:
Research Publishing	$	225,085	$	219,710	$	445,012	$	436,424
Research Platforms		9,624		9,365		19,072		17,968
Total Research Publishing & Platforms		234,709		229,075		464,084		454,392
Academic & Professional Learning:
Education Publishing		101,741		107,474		167,264		181,508
Professional Learning		75,984		82,196		155,319		164,586
Total Academic & Professional Learning		177,725		189,670		322,583		346,094
Education Services:
Education Services		53,771		29,877		103,068		59,037
Total Education Services		53,771		29,877		103,068		59,037
Total Revenue	$	466,205	$	448,622	$	889,735	$	859,523

Accounts Receivable, net and Contract Liability Balances

When consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract, a contract liability is recorded. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when, or as, control of the products or services are transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met.

The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.

	October 31, 2019		April 30, 2019		Increase/ (Decrease)
Balances from contracts with customers:
Accounts receivable, net	$	235,466	$	294,867	$	(59,401	)
Contract liabilities (1)		248,653		507,365		(258,712	)
Contract liabilities (included in Other Long-Term Liabilities)	$	19,622	$	10,722	$	8,900

⁽¹⁾ The sales return reserve recorded in Contract Liabilities is $37.7 million and $25.9 million, as of October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2019, respectively.

Revenue recognized for the three and six months ended October 31, 2019 relating to the contract liability at April 30, 2019 was $184.6 million and $378.9 million, respectively.

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Remaining Performance Obligations included in Contract Liability

As of October 31, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations is approximately $268.3 million, which included the sales return reserve of $37.7 million. Excluding the sales return reserve, we expect that approximately $211.0 million will be recognized in the next twelve months with the remaining $19.6 million to be recognized thereafter.

Assets Recognized for the Costs to Fulfill a Contract

Costs to fulfill a contract are directly related to a contract that will be used to satisfy a performance obligation in the future and are expected to be recovered. These types of costs are incurred in the following revenue streams, (1) Research Platforms and (2) Education Services.

Our assets associated with incremental costs to fulfill a contract were $10.3 million at October 31, 2019 and are included within Other Non-Current Assets on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We recorded amortization expense of $1.1 million and $2.1 million during the three and six months ended October 31, 2019, respectively, related to these assets within Cost of Sales on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. We recorded amortization expense of $0.4 million and $1.2 million during the three and six months ended October 31, 2018, respectively, related to these assets within Cost of Sales on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Sales and value-added taxes are excluded from revenues. Shipping and handling costs, which are primarily incurred within the Academic & Professional Learning segment occur before the transfer of control of the related goods. Therefore, in accordance with the new revenue standard, it is not considered a promised service to the customer and would be considered a cost to fulfill our promise to transfer the goods. Costs incurred for third party shipping and handling are reflected in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. We incurred $7.6 million and $15.0 million in shipping and handling costs in the three and six months ended October 31, 2019, respectively. We incurred $8.6 million and $16.5 million in shipping and handling costs in the three and six months ended October 31, 2018, respectively.

Note 5 — Operating Leases

On May 1, 2019, we adopted a new accounting standard for leases. For further information, see Note 2, “Recent Accounting Standards.”

We have contractual obligations as a lessee with respect to offices, warehouses and distribution centers, automobiles, and office equipment.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the contract in accordance with guidance detailed in the new standard and we perform the lease classification test as of the lease commencement date. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.

The present value of the lease payments is calculated using an incremental borrowing rate, which was determined based on the rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term. We use an unsecured borrowing rate and risk-adjust that rate to approximate a collateralized rate.

Under the new leasing standard, leases that are more than one year in duration are capitalized and recorded on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Some of our leases offer an option to extend the term of such leases. We utilize the reasonably certain threshold criteria in determining which options we will exercise. Furthermore, some of our lease payments are based on index rates with minimum annual increases. These represent fixed payments and are captured in the future minimum lease payments calculation.

For operating leases, the ROU assets and liabilities are presented in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as follows:

	October 31, 2019
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets	$	145,886
Short-term portion of operating lease liabilities		18,409
Operating Lease Liabilities, non-current	$	164,622

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During the six months ended October 31, 2019, we added $12.1 million to the ROU assets and $13.7 million to the operating lease liabilities due to new leases as well as modifications and remeasurements to our existing operating leases.

Our total net lease costs are as follows:

	Three Months Ended October 31, 2019		Six Months Ended October 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	6,199	$	13,060
Variable lease cost		915		2,118
Sublease income		184		(339	)
Total net lease cost	$	7,298	$	14,839

Other supplemental information includes the following:

	Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Lease Term (Years)		Six Months Ended October 31, 2019
Operating leases		10
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases				5.91	%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases			$	14,716

The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for the first five years and total of the remaining years to the operating lease liabilities recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of October 31, 2019:

Fiscal Year	Operating Lease Liabilities
2020 (remaining 6 months)	$	16,758
2021		28,073
2022		25,085
2023		22,683
2024		21,791
Thereafter		134,823
Total undiscounted lease payments		249,213
Less: Imputed interest		66,182
Present Value of Minimum Lease Payments		183,031
Less: Current portion		18,409
Noncurrent portion	$	164,622

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Note 6 — Stock-Based Compensation

We have stock-based compensation plans under which employees may be granted performance-based stock awards and other restricted stock awards.  Prior to fiscal year 2017, we also granted options to purchase shares of our common stock at the fair market value at the time of grant. We recognize the grant date fair value of stock-based compensation in net income on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period. The measurement of performance for performance-based stock awards is based on actual financial results for targets established three years in advance. For the three months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized stock-based compensation expense, on a pre-tax basis, of $5.7 million and $5.0 million, respectively. For the six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized stock-based compensation expense, on a pre-tax basis, of $10.3 million and $8.9 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes restricted stock awards we granted (shares in thousands):

	Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019		2018
Restricted Stock:
Awards granted		716		397
Weighted average fair value of grant	$	44.75	$	63.33

Note 7 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by component, net of tax, for the three and six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

	Foreign Currency Translation			Unamortized Retirement Costs			Interest Rate Swaps			Total
Balance at July 31, 2019	$	(347,646	)	$	(187,889	)	$	(489	)	$	(536,024	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		38,319			(7,960	)		(481	)		29,878
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			1,384			(264	)		1,120
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		38,319			(6,576	)		(745	)		30,998
Balance at October 31, 2019	$	(309,327	)	$	(194,465	)	$	(1,234	)	$	(505,026	)
Balance at April 30, 2019	$	(312,107	)	$	(196,057	)	$	(574	)	$	(508,738	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		2,780			(830	)		(153	)		1,797
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			2,422			(507	)		1,915
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		2,780			1,592			(660	)		3,712
Balance at October 31, 2019	$	(309,327	)	$	(194,465	)	$	(1,234	)	$	(505,026	)

	Foreign Currency Translation			Unamortized Retirement Costs			Interest Rate Swaps			Total
Balance at July 31, 2018	$	(291,898	)	$	(182,215	)	$	2,367		$	(471,746	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(20,424	)		3,273			543			(16,608	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			1,114			(1,324	)		(210	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		(20,424	)		4,387			(781	)		(16,818	)
Balance at October 31, 2018	$	(312,322	)	$	(177,828	)	$	1,586		$	(488,564	)
Balance at April 30, 2018	$	(251,573	)	$	(191,026	)	$	3,019		$	(439,580	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(60,749	)		10,993			613			(49,143	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			2,205			(2,046	)		159
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		(60,749	)		13,198			(1,433	)		(48,984	)
Balance at October 31, 2018	$	(312,322	)	$	(177,828	)	$	1,586		$	(488,564	)

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During the three months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, pre-tax actuarial losses included in Unamortized Retirement Costs of approximately $1.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively, and in the six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, approximately $3.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively, were amortized from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss and recognized as pension expense in Operating and Administrative Expenses and Interest and Other Income in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Note 8 — Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares Outstanding

A reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of earnings per share follows:

	Three Months Ended October 31,						Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Weighted average shares outstanding		56,339			57,426			56,451			57,451
Less: Unvested restricted shares		(13	)		(47	)		(20	)		(59	)
Shares used for basic earnings per share		56,326			57,379			56,431			57,392
Dilutive effect of stock options and other stock awards		338			491			360			563
Shares used for diluted earnings per share		56,664			57,870			56,791			57,955

Since their inclusion in the calculation of diluted earnings per share would have been anti-dilutive, options to purchase 212,094 shares of Class A Common Stock have been excluded for both the three and six months ended October 31, 2019, respectively and 157,167 shares of Class A Common Stock have been excluded for the three and six months ended October 31, 2018, respectively.

Warrants to purchase 515,114 shares of Class A Common Stock have not been included for both the three and six months ended October 31, 2019, respectively. There were no warrants issued during the three and six months ended October 31, 2018.

There were no restricted shares excluded for the three and six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Note 9 — Restructuring and Related Charges

Business Optimization Program

Beginning in fiscal year 2020, we initiated a multi-year Business Optimization Program (the “Business Optimization Program”) to drive efficiency improvement and operating savings.

The following tables summarize the pre-tax restructuring charges related to this program:

	Three Months Ended October 31,			Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019			2019
Charges (Credits) by Segment:
Research Publishing & Platforms	$	29		$	2,665
Academic & Professional Learning		765			3,542
Education Services		(475	)		1,717
Corporate Expenses		2,835			6,100
Total Restructuring and Related Charges	$	3,154		$	14,024
Charges by Activity:
Severance and termination benefits	$	578		$	11,287
Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment		—			161
Facility related charges		1,240			1,240
Other Activities		1,336			1,336
Total Restructuring and Related Charges	$	3,154		$	14,024

Other Activities for the three and six months ended October 31, 2019 relate to reserves associated with the cessation of certain offerings and the impairment of certain software licenses.

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The following table summarizes the activity for the Business Optimization Program liability for the six months ended October 31, 2019:

	April 30, 2019		Charges		Payments			Foreign Translation & Other Adjustments			October 31, 2019
Severance and termination benefits	$	—	$	11,287	$	(2,760	)	$	(168	)	$	8,359
Other Activities		—		1,336		—			(365	)		971
Total	$	—	$	12,623	$	(2,760	)	$	(533	)	$	9,330

The restructuring liability as of October 31, 2019 for accrued severance and termination benefits is reflected in Accrued Employment Costs in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The restructuring liability as of October 31, 2019 for other activities is reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Restructuring and Reinvestment Program

Beginning in the year ended April 30, 2013, we initiated a global program (the “Restructuring and Reinvestment Program”) to restructure and realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. We are targeting a majority of the expected cost savings achieved to improve margins and earnings, while the remainder will be reinvested in high-growth digital business opportunities.

The following tables summarize the pre-tax restructuring charges related to this program:

	Three Months Ended October 31,				Six Months Ended October 31,					Total Charges
	2019		2018 (1)		2019			2018 (1)		Incurred to Date
Charges (Credits) by Segment:
Research Publishing & Platforms	$	697	$	2,282	$	681		$	1,302	$	27,225
Academic & Professional Learning		35		2,194		63			1,477		42,902
Education Services		—		310		(103	)		102		3,764
Corporate Expenses		115		5,210		71			1,029		96,449
Total Restructuring and Related Charges	$	847	$	9,996	$	712		$	3,910	$	170,340
Charges by Activity:
Severance and termination benefits	$	847	$	8,672	$	497		$	2,894	$	116,756
Consulting and Contract Termination Costs		—		90		—			225		21,155
Other Activities		—		1,234		215			791		32,429
Total Restructuring and Related Charges	$	847	$	9,996	$	712		$	3,910	$	170,340

⁽¹⁾ As previously announced, we have changed our segment reporting structure to align with our strategic focus areas. See Note 10, “Segment Information,” for more details.

Other Activities for the three and six months ended October 31, 2019 include facility related costs. Other Activities for the three and six months ended October 31, 2018 include lease impairment related costs.

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The following table summarizes the activity for the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability for the six months ended October 31, 2019:

	April 30, 2019		Charges		Payments			Adoption of New Lease Standard (1)			Foreign Translation & Other Adjustments			October 31, 2019
Severance and termination benefits	$	4,887	$	497	$	(3,125	)	$	—		$	203		$	2,462
Consulting and Contract Termination Costs		303		—		—			—			—			303
Other Activities		2,544		—		—			(2,258	)		(34	)		252
Total	$	7,734	$	497	$	(3,125	)	$	(2,258	)	$	169		$	3,017

⁽¹⁾ Refer to Note 2, “Recent Accounting Standards,” and Note 5, “Operating Leases” for more information related to the adoption of the new lease standard.

The restructuring liability as of October 31, 2019 for accrued severance and termination benefits is reflected in Accrued Employment Costs in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The liability as of October 31, 2019, for Consulting and Contract Termination Costs is reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities.

As of October 31, 2019, $0.3 million of Other Activities are reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities and mainly relate to facility relocation and lease impairment related costs.

We currently do not anticipate any further material charges related to the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program.

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Note 10 — Segment Information

As previously announced, we have changed our segment reporting structure to align with our strategic focus areas: (1) Research Publishing & Platforms, which  includes the Research publishing and Atypon businesses, (2) Academic & Professional Learning, which is the former “Publishing” segment combined with our corporate training businesses – previously noted as Professional Assessment and Corporate Learning; and (3) Education Services, which is the online program management business. Prior period segment results have been revised to the new segment presentation. There were no changes to our consolidated financial results.

We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 280. These segments reflect the way our chief operating decision maker evaluates our business performance and manages the operations.

Segment information is as follows:

	Three Months Ended October 31,						Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenue:
Research Publishing & Platforms	$	234,709		$	229,075		$	464,084		$	454,392
Academic & Professional Learning		177,725			189,670			322,583			346,094
Education Services		53,771			29,877			103,068			59,037
Total Revenue	$	466,205		$	448,622		$	889,735		$	859,523
Contribution to Profit:
Research Publishing & Platforms	$	63,291		$	59,210		$	118,937		$	116,527
Academic & Professional Learning		35,050			47,078			39,961			68,845
Education Services		2,583			(867	)		(4,616	)		(5,886	)
Total Contribution to Profit (1)	$	100,924		$	105,421		$	154,282		$	179,486
Corporate Expenses		(37,533	)		(47,946	)		(86,332	)		(85,871	)
Operating Income (1)	$	63,391		$	57,475		$	67,950		$	93,615
Adjusted Contribution to Profit: (1)
Research Publishing & Platforms	$	64,017		$	61,492		$	122,283		$	117,829
Academic & Professional Learning		35,850			49,272			43,566			70,322
Education Services		2,108			(557	)		(3,002	)		(5,784	)
Total Adjusted Contribution to Profit	$	101,975		$	110,207		$	162,847		$	182,367
Adjusted Corporate Expenses		(34,583	)		(42,736	)		(80,161	)		(84,842	)
Total Adjusted Operating Income	$	67,392		$	67,471		$	82,686		$	97,525
Depreciation and Amortization:
Research Publishing & Platforms	$	17,037		$	15,422		$	34,190		$	30,787
Academic & Professional Learning		17,349			17,473			33,873			35,050
Education Services		5,522			3,045			11,020			6,512
Total Depreciation and Amortization	$	39,908		$	35,940		$	79,083		$	72,349
Corporate Depreciation and Amortization		2,730			3,712			5,774			7,474
Total Depreciation and Amortization	$	42,638		$	39,652		$	84,857		$	79,823
Adjusted EBITDA: (2)
Research Publishing & Platforms	$	81,054		$	76,914		$	156,473		$	148,616
Academic & Professional Learning		53,199			66,745			77,439			105,372
Education Services		7,630			2,488			8,018			728
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA	$	141,883		$	146,147		$	241,930		$	254,716
Corporate Adjusted EBITDA		(31,853	)		(39,024	)		(74,387	)		(77,368	)
Total Adjusted EBITDA	$	110,030		$	107,123		$	167,543		$	177,348

⁽¹⁾ Adjusted Contribution to Profit is Contribution to Profit adjusted for restructuring charges (credits). See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related Charges” for these charges (credits) by segment.

⁽²⁾ Adjusted EBITDA is Adjusted Contribution to Profit with depreciation and amortization added back. 

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The following table shows a reconciliation of GAAP net income to Non-GAAP EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

	Three Months Ended October 31,						Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net Income	$	44,690		$	43,784		$	48,314		$	70,079
Interest expense		6,787			3,608			12,864			6,404
Provision for income taxes		11,783			12,538			12,126			20,324
Depreciation and amortization		42,638			39,652			84,857			79,823
Non-GAAP EBITDA	$	105,898		$	99,582		$	158,161		$	176,630
Restructuring and related charges		4,001			9,996			14,736			3,910
Foreign exchange transaction losses		2,668			54			16			1,783
Interest and other income		(2,537	)		(2,509	)		(5,370	)		(4,975	)
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA	$	110,030		$	107,123		$	167,543		$	177,348

Note 11 — Inventories

Inventories, net were as follows:

	October 31, 2019			April 30, 2019
Finished Goods	$	36,258		$	33,736
Work-in-Process		2,637			2,094
Paper and Other Materials		344			373
	$	39,239		$	36,203
Inventory Value of Estimated Sales Returns		9,889			3,739
LIFO Reserve		(4,096	)		(4,360	)
Total Inventories	$	45,032		$	35,582

Note 12 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill by segment as of October 31, 2019:

	April 30, 2019		Acquisitions (1)		Foreign Translation Adjustment		October 31, 2019
Research Publishing & Platforms	$	438,511	$	844	$	640	$	439,995
Academic & Professional Learning		458,145		45,752		134		504,031
Education Services		199,010		161		—		199,171
Total	$	1,095,666	$	46,757	$	774	$	1,143,197

⁽¹⁾ Refer to Note 3, “Acquisitions,” for more information related to the acquisitions that occurred in the six months ended October 31, 2019.

As previously announced, we have changed our segment reporting structure to align with our strategic focus areas. See Note 10, “Segment Information,” for more details. Due to this reorganization, we have reallocated goodwill to our reporting units using a relative fair value approach. We tested goodwill for impairment immediately before and after the reorganization, and we concluded that the fair values of the reporting units were above their carrying values and, therefore, there was no indication of impairment.

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Intangible Assets

Identifiable intangible assets, net consisted of the following:

	October 31, 2019		April 30, 2019
Intangible Assets with Determinable Lives, net:
Content and Publishing Rights (1)	$	384,364	$	389,172
Customer Relationships (1)		245,822		245,830
Brands and Trademarks (1)		11,753		12,993
Covenants not to Compete		345		445
Developed Technology (1)		17,989		—
Total		660,273		648,440
Intangible Assets with Indefinite Lives:
Brands and Trademarks		134,005		130,909
Content and Publishing Rights		86,335		86,223
Total		220,340		217,132
Total Intangible Assets, Net	$	880,613	$	865,572

⁽¹⁾ Refer to Note 3, “Acquisitions,” for more information related to the acquisitions that occurred in the six months ended October 31, 2019.

Note 13 — Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the three months ended October 31, 2019 was 20.9%, compared with 22.3% for the three months ended October 31, 2018. The effective tax rate for the six months ended October 31, 2019 was 20.1% compared with 22.5% for the six months ended October 31, 2018. The rates for the three and six months ended October 31, 2019 were lower than the rates for the three and six months ended October 31, 2018 primarily due to a more favorable earnings mix, as well as certain net discrete items, including a tax-free life insurance recovery.  Excluding the effects of these discrete items, the rates would have been 21.5% and 21.6% for the three and six months ended October 31, 2019, respectively.

Note 14 — Retirement Plans

The components of net pension expense (income) for our global defined benefit plans were as follows:

	Three Months Ended October 31,						Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Service cost	$	1,093		$	229		$	1,317		$	462
Interest cost		6,350			6,169			12,184			12,381
Expected return on plan assets		(9,886	)		(9,720	)		(19,945	)		(19,622	)
Net amortization of prior service cost		(19	)		(24	)		(38	)		(48	)
Unrecognized net actuarial loss		1,581			1,474			3,181			2,908
Net pension income	$	(881	)	$	(1,872	)	$	(3,301	)	$	(3,919	)

Employer defined benefit pension plan contributions were $3.3 million and $3.5 million for the three months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $8.0 million and $7.1 million for the six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The expense for employer defined contribution plans were approximately $3.1 million and $2.8 million for the three months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $7.4 million and $7.3 million for the six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Note 15 — Debt and Available Credit Facilities

Amended and Restated RCA

On May 30, 2019, we entered into a credit agreement that amended and restated our existing revolving credit agreement (“Amended and Restated RCA”). The Amended and Restated RCA provides for senior unsecured credit facilities comprised of a (i) five-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount up to $1.25 billion, and (ii) a five-year term loan A facility consisting of $250 million.

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Under the terms of the Amended and Restated RCA, which can be drawn in multiple currencies, we have the option of borrowing at the following floating interest rates: (i) at a rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.98% to 1.50%, depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio, as defined, or (ii) at the lender’s base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from zero to 0.50%, depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio. The lender’s base rate is defined as the highest of (i) the U.S. federal funds effective rate plus a 0.50% margin, (ii) the Eurocurrency rate, as defined, plus a 1.00% margin, or (iii) the Bank of America prime lending rate. In addition, we pay a facility fee for the revolving credit facility ranging from 0.15% to 0.25% depending on our consolidated net leverage ratio. We also have the option to request an increase in the revolving credit facility by an amount not to exceed $500 million, in minimum increments of $50 million, subject to the approval of the lenders.

The Amended and Restated RCA contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including a financial covenant in the form of a consolidated net leverage ratio and consolidated interest coverage ratio, which we were in compliance with as of October 31, 2019.

We incurred in the three months ended July 31, 2019 an immaterial loss on the write-off of unamortized deferred costs in connection with the refinancing of our RCA (as defined below) which is reflected in Interest and Other Income on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the six months ended October 31, 2019.

We incurred in the three months ended July 31, 2019 $4.0 million of costs related to the Amended and Restated RCA which resulted in total costs capitalized of $5.2 million.  The amount related to the term loan A facility was $0.9 million, consisting of $0.8 million of lender fees and recorded as a reduction to Long-Term Debt and $0.1 million of non-lender fees included in Other Non-Current Assets. The amount related to the five-year revolving credit facility was $4.3 million, all of which is included in Other Non-Current Assets.

The amortization expense of the lender and non-lender fees is recognized over the five-year term of the Amended and Restated RCA. Total amortization expense in the three and six months ended October 31, 2019 was $0.3 million and $0.5 million respectively, and is included in Interest Expense on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income.

Our total debt outstanding as of October 31, 2019 was $794.7 million, which included $6.3 million of current portion of long-term debt related to our term loan A under the Amended and Restated RCA and long-term debt of $788.4 million. The long-term debt consisted of $241.4 million related to our term loan A under the Amended and Restated RCA (amount is net of unamortized issuance costs of $0.8 million) and $547.0 million related to the revolving credit facility under the Amended and Restated RCA.

RCA

As of April 30, 2019, total debt outstanding was $478.8 million, which consisted of amounts due under our RCA.

We had a revolving credit agreement (“RCA”) with a syndicated bank group led by Bank of America. The RCA consisted of a $1.1 billion five-year senior revolving credit facility payable March 1, 2021. Since there were no principal payments due until the end of the agreement in the year ended April 30, 2021, we had classified our entire debt obligation as long-term as of April 30, 2019.

Note 16 — Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

From time-to-time, we enter into forward exchange and interest rate swap contracts as a hedge against foreign currency asset and liability commitments, changes in interest rates and anticipated transaction exposures, including intercompany purchases. All derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Derivatives that are not determined to be effective hedges are adjusted to fair value with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. We do not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Interest Rate Contracts

As of October 31, 2019, we had total debt outstanding of $794.7 million, net of unamortized issuance costs of $0.8 million of which  $795.5 million are variable rate loans outstanding under the Amended and Restated RCA, which approximated fair value.

On August 7, 2019 we entered into a forward starting interest rate swap agreement, which fixed a portion of the variable interest due on our Amended and Restated RCA. Under the terms of the agreement, we pay a fixed rate of 1.400% and receive a variable rate of interest based on one-month LIBOR from the counterparty which is reset every month for a three-year period ending August 15, 2022. As of October 31, 2019, the notional amount of the interest rate swap was $100.0 million.

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On June 24, 2019 we entered into a forward starting interest rate swap agreement, which fixed a portion of the variable interest due on our Amended and Restated RCA. Under the terms of the agreement, we pay a fixed rate of 1.650% and receive a variable rate of interest based on one-month LIBOR from the counterparty which is reset every month for a three-year period ending July 15, 2022. As of October 31, 2019, the notional amount of the interest rate swap was $100.0 million.

It is management’s intention that the notional amount of interest rate swaps be less than the variable rate loans outstanding during the life of the derivatives.

On April 4, 2016, we entered into a forward starting interest rate swap agreement which fixed a portion of the variable interest due on a variable rate debt renewal on May 16, 2016. Under the terms of the agreement, which expired on May 15, 2019, we paid a fixed rate of  0.92% and receive a variable rate of interest based on one-month LIBOR from the counterparty which was reset every month for a three-year period ending May 15, 2019.  Prior to expiration, the notional amount of the interest rate swap was $350.0 million.

As of October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2019, the interest rate swap agreements maintained by us were designated as cash flow hedges as defined under ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging.” As a result, there was no impact on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps as they were fully offset by changes in the interest expense on the underlying variable rate debt instruments.

We record the fair value of our interest rate swaps on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs of quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets. The fair value of the interest rate swaps as of October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2019 was a deferred loss of $0.7 million and a deferred gain of $0.5 million, respectively. Based on the maturity dates of the contracts, the entire deferred loss as of October 31, 2019 was recorded within Other Long-Term Liabilities and the entire deferred gain as of April 30, 2019 was recorded within Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets.

The pre-tax gains that were reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Interest Expense for the three months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 were $0.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The pre-tax gains that were reclassified from Accumulated Other Compensation Loss into Interest Expense in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 were $0.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

Foreign Currency Contracts

We may enter into forward exchange contracts to manage our exposure on certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. The forward exchange contracts are marked to market through Foreign Exchange Transaction Losses in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and carried at their fair value in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are remeasured at spot rates in effect on the balance sheet date, with the effects of changes in spot rates reported in Foreign Exchange Transaction Losses in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

As of October 31, 2019, and April 30, 2019, we did not maintain any open forward exchange contracts. In addition, we did not maintain any open forward contracts during the three and six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018.

Note 17 — Capital Stock and Changes in Capital Accounts

Share Repurchases

The following table summarizes the shares repurchased of Class A Common Stock.

	Three Months Ended October 31,				Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Shares Repurchased		334,336		299,188		551,847		425,120
Average Price	$	44.87	$	56.82	$	45.30	$	58.79

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Dividends

The following table summarizes the cash dividends paid during the six months ended October 31, 2019:

Date of Declaration by Board of Directors	Quarterly Cash Dividend	Total Dividend	Class of Common Stock	Dividend Paid Date	Shareholders of Record as of Date
June 27, 2019	$0.34 per common share	$19.2 million	Class A and Class B	July 24, 2019	July 10, 2019
September 26, 2019	$0.34 per common share	$19.1 million	Class A and Class B	October 23, 2019	October 8, 2019

Changes in Common Stock

The following is a summary of changes during the six months ended October 31, in shares of our common stock and common stock in treasury (shares in thousands):

Changes in Common Stock A:	2019			2018
Number of shares, beginning of year		70,127			70,111
Common stock class conversions		22			14
Number of shares issued, end of period		70,149			70,125
Changes in Common Stock A in treasury:
Number of shares held, beginning of year		22,634			21,853
Purchase of treasury shares		552			425
Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans - non-PSU Awards		(63	)		(54	)
Restricted shares issued under stock-based compensation plans - PSU Awards		(43	)		(59	)
Restricted shares, forfeited		—			—
Restricted shares issued from exercise of stock options		(17	)		(224	)
Shares withheld for taxes		44			53
Other		—			6
Number of shares held, end of period		23,107			22,000
Number of Common Stock A outstanding, end of period		47,042			48,125

Changes in Common Stock B:	2019			2018
Number of shares, beginning of year		13,055			13,071
Common stock class conversions		(22	)		(14	)
Number of shares issued, end of period		13,033			13,057
Changes in Common Stock B in treasury:
Number of shares held, beginning of year		3,918			3,918
Number of shares held, end of period		3,918			3,918
Number of Common Stock B outstanding, end of period		9,115			9,139

Note 18 — Commitments and Contingencies

We are involved in routine litigation in the ordinary course of our business. A provision for litigation is accrued when information available to us indicates that it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment may be required to determine both the probability and estimates of loss. When the amount of the loss can only be estimated within a range, the most likely outcome within that range is accrued. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount within the range is accrued. When uncertainties exist related to the probable outcome of litigation and/or the amount or range of loss, we do not record a liability, but disclose facts related to the nature of the contingency and possible losses if management considers the information to be material. Reserves for legal defense costs are recognized when incurred. The accruals for loss contingencies and legal costs are reviewed regularly and may be adjusted to reflect updated information on the status of litigation and advice of legal counsel. In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of all pending litigation as of October 31, 2019, will not have a material effect upon our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position or Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The information in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read together with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes set forth in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our MD&A set forth in Item 7 of Part II of our 2019 Form 10-K and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes set forth in Item 8 of Part II of our 2019 Form 10-K. See Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” below and “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements “Safe Harbor” Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995,” above, and the information referenced therein, for a description of risks that we face and important factors that we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements. All amounts and percentages are approximate due to rounding and all dollars are in thousands, except per share amounts or where otherwise noted. When we cross-reference to a “Note,” we are referring to our “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements,” unless the context indicates otherwise.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – THREE MONTHS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2019

CONSOLIDATED OPERATING RESULTS

Revenue:

Revenue for the three months ended October 31, 2019 increased $17.6 million, or 4%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased 5% mainly driven by the following factors:

● an increase of $24.0 million in the Education Services business due largely to contributions from Learning House, which was acquired in November 2018, and

● an increase of $9.2 million in the Research Publishing & Platforms business.

These increases were partially offset by a decline of $9.5 million in the Academic & Professional Learning business.

Excluding the impact of acquisitions, revenues on a constant currency basis decreased 1%.

See the “Segment Operating Results” below for additional details on each segment’s revenue and Adjusted EBITDA performance.

Cost of Sales:

Cost of sales for the three months ended October 31, 2019 increased $10.8 million, or 8%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, cost of sales increased 10%. This increase was primarily due to costs associated with acquired businesses, an increase in marketing and other program costs in the Education Services business; partially offset by lower inventory and royalty costs due to efficiency gains.

Operating and Administrative Expenses:

Operating and administrative expenses for the three months ended October 31, 2019 increased $4.2 million, or 2%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, operating and administrative expenses increased 3%. The increase was primarily due to investments in growth and optimization initiatives, including additional resources in editorial support, as well as advertising, marketing, sales and technology. These factors were partially offset by a decrease in employee benefit costs due to timing, lower costs associated with strategic planning, and a life insurance recovery of $2 million.

Restructuring and Related Charges:

Business Optimization Program

Beginning in fiscal year 2020, we initiated a multi-year Business Optimization Program to drive efficiency improvement and operating savings with improved workflows and cycle times and enhanced researcher experiences. We anticipate approximately $15 million to $20 million of restructuring charges, of which approximately $10 million to $15 million to be severance-related costs and the remainder to be other related costs. We anticipate gross savings over the three-year period to be approximately $100 million, with most of that amount to be reinvested in the Company to drive and sustain profitable revenue growth.

For the three months ended October 31, 2019, we recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $3.2 million related to this program. These charges are reflected in Restructuring and Related Charges in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related Charges” for more details on these charges.

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Restructuring and Reinvestment Program

Beginning in fiscal year 2013, we initiated the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program to restructure and realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. We are targeting most of the cost savings achieved to improve margins and earnings, with the remainder reinvested in growth opportunities.

For the three months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $0.8 million and $10.0 million, respectively, related to this program. These charges are reflected in Restructuring and Related Charges in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related Charges” for more details on these charges.

For the impact of both of our restructuring programs on diluted earnings per share, see the section below, “Diluted Earnings per Share (“EPS”).”

Amortization of Intangibles:

Amortization of intangibles was $15.0 million for the three months ended October 31, 2019, an increase of $2.7 million, or 21%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, amortization of intangibles increased 23% as compared with prior year. The increase in amortization was primarily due to the acquisition of Learning House in fiscal year 2019 and, to a lesser extent, intangibles acquired as part of the acquisitions completed in fiscal year 2020. See Note 3, “Acquisitions” for more details on these transactions.

Operating Income:

Operating income was $63.4 million for the three months ended October 31, 2019, an increase of $5.9 million, or 10%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, Adjusted EBITDA increased 3% primarily due to higher revenue discussed above.

Interest Expense:

Interest expense for the three months ended October 31, 2019 was $6.8 million compared with prior year of $3.6 million. This increase was due to higher average debt balances outstanding, which included borrowings for the funding of acquisitions and a higher weighted average effective borrowing rate.

Foreign Exchange Transaction Losses:

Foreign exchange transaction losses were $2.7 million for the three months ended October 31, 2019 and were primarily due to the net impact of the change in average foreign exchange rates as compared to the U.S. dollar on our third-party accounts receivable and payable balances. For the three months ended October 31, 2018, foreign exchange transaction losses were less than $0.1 million.

Provision for Income Taxes:

The effective tax rate for the three months ended October 31, 2019 was 20.9%, compared with 22.3% for the prior year. The rate for the three months ended October 31, 2019 was lower than the rate for the prior year primarily due to a more favorable earnings mix, as well as certain net discrete items, including a tax-free life insurance recovery.  Excluding the effects of these discrete items, the rate for the three months ended October 31, 2019 would have been 21.5%.

Diluted Earnings per Share (“EPS”):

EPS for the three months ended October 31, 2019 was $0.79 per share compared with $0.76 per share for the three months ended October 31, 2018. Excluding the impact of the items included in the table below, Adjusted EPS for the three months ended October 31, 2019 decreased 4% to $0.85 per share compared with $0.89 per share for the three months ended October 31, 2018. On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EPS decreased 1% as increased Adjusted EBITDA was more than offset by higher amortization of intangible assets and an increase in interest expense.

	Three Months Ended October 31,
	2019		2018
GAAP EPS	$	0.79	$	0.76
Adjustments:
Restructuring and related charges		0.06		0.13
Non-GAAP Adjusted EPS	$	0.85	$	0.89

 29

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS

	Three Months Ended October 31,							Constant Currency
RESEARCH PUBLISHING & PLATFORMS:	2019		2018		% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)			% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
Revenue:
Research Publishing	$	225,085	$	219,710		2	%		4	%
Research Platforms		9,624		9,365		3	%		3	%
Total Research Publishing & Platforms Revenue		234,709		229,075		2	%		4	%
Cost of Sales		64,109		63,040		(2	)%		(4	)%
Operating Expenses		99,542		97,576		(2	)%		(4	)%
Amortization of Intangibles		7,041		6,967		(1	)%		(4	)%
Restructuring Charges (see Note 9)		726		2,282		68	%		68	%
Contribution to Profit		63,291		59,210		7	%		7	%
Restructuring Charges (see Note 9)		726		2,282
Adjusted Contribution to Profit		64,017		61,492		4	%		4	%
Depreciation and amortization		17,037		15,422
Adjusted EBITDA	$	81,054	$	76,914		5	%		6	%

Revenue:

Research Publishing & Platforms revenue for the three months ended October 31, 2019 increased 2% to $234.7 million on a reported basis and increased 4% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. This increase was primarily due to continued article volume growth in Research Publishing in Open Access.

Adjusted EBITDA:

Adjusted EBITDA increased 5% to $81.1 million for the three months ended October 31, 2019 as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, Adjusted EBITDA increased 6% compared with prior year. This increase was due to higher revenues and efficiency gains, which were partially offset by an increase in royalty costs, and higher operating costs, reflecting investments in additional resources in editorial to support increased journal publishing.

Society Partnerships:

For the three months ended October 31, 2019:

● 2 new society contracts were signed with a combined annual revenue of approximately $0.1 million,

● 10 society contracts were renewed with a combined annual revenue of approximately $2.7 million,

● 4 society contracts were not renewed with a combined annual revenue of approximately $0.5 million.

 30

	Three Months Ended October 31,							Constant Currency
ACADEMIC & PROFESSIONAL LEARNING:	2019		2018		% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)			% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
Revenue:
Education Publishing	$	101,741	$	107,474		(5	)%		(4	)%
Professional Learning		75,984		82,196		(8	)%		(6	)%
Total Academic & Professional Learning		177,725		189,670		(6	)%		(5	)%
Cost of Sales		43,860		49,813		12	%		11	%
Operating Expenses		93,745		86,401		(8	)%		(10	)%
Amortization of Intangibles		4,270		4,184		(2	)%		(3	)%
Restructuring Charges (see Note 9)		800		2,194		64	%		63	%
Contribution to Profit		35,050		47,078		(26	)%		(24	)%
Restructuring Charges (see Note 9)		800		2,194
Adjusted Contribution to Profit		35,850		49,272		(27	)%		(26	)%
Depreciation and amortization		17,349		17,473
Adjusted EBITDA	$	53,199	$	66,745		(20	)%		(19	)%

Revenue:

Academic & Professional Learning revenue decreased 6% to $177.7 million on a reported basis and decreased 5% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. This decrease was primarily due to declines in book publishing reflecting market conditions. This decline was partially offset by contributions from acquisitions and, to a lesser extent, growth in corporate training and test preparation and certification. Excluding revenue from acquisitions, organic revenue declined 9% on a constant currency basis. On July 1, 2019, we completed the acquisition of zyBooks, a leading provider of computer science and STEM education courseware. We originally expected Academic & Professional Learning revenue to grow slightly this fiscal year, inclusive of revenue from acquisitions. However, given the market-driven declines in book publishing through the second quarter, we now expect this segment’s revenue to decline at a low single-digit rate.

Adjusted EBITDA:

Adjusted EBITDA decreased 20% to $53.2 million for the three months ended October 31, 2019 as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, Adjusted EBITDA decreased 19% as compared with prior year. This decrease was primarily due to the decline in revenue, and to a lesser extent, higher sales, technology and administrative related costs, including costs associated with the acquisition of zyBooks and Knewton, Inc. (“Knewton”), partially offset by lower cost of sales, primarily due to lower royalty costs.

	Three Months Ended October 31,									Constant Currency
EDUCATION SERVICES:	2019			2018			% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)			% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
Revenue:
Total Education Services Revenue	$	53,771		$	29,877			80	%		80	%
Cost of Sales		35,444			19,724			(80	)%		(80	)%
Operating Expenses		12,511			9,495			(32	)%		(32	)%
Amortization of Intangibles		3,708			1,215			#			#
Restructuring (Credits) Charges (see Note 9)		(475	)		310			#			#
Contribution to Profit		2,583			(867	)		#			#
Restructuring (Credits) Charges (see Note 9)		(475	)		310
Adjusted Contribution to Profit		2,108			(557	)		#			#
Depreciation and amortization		5,522			3,045
Adjusted EBITDA	$	7,630		$	2,488			#			#

# Not meaningful

 31

Revenue:

Education Services revenue increased 80% to $53.8 million, on a reported and on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The increase was mainly driven by the impact of the acquisition of Learning House, and organic growth of 10%.

Adjusted EBITDA:

Adjusted EBITDA was $7.6 million compared to $2.5 million in the prior year. On a constant currency basis, excluding restructuring (credits) charges, Adjusted EBITDA was favorable by $5.2 million as compared with prior year. This was due to higher revenue and favorable timing of expenses, partially offset by higher costs of sales, including higher marketing costs, which was primarily due to the incremental impact of the acquisition of Learning House. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 14.2% as compared with 8.3% in the prior year. For full year 2020, we anticipate Adjusted EBITDA margin to be in the mid- to high single digit range.

Education Services Partners:

As of October 31, 2019, Wiley had 65 university partners under contract. As of October 31, 2018, Wiley had 36 university partners under contract, which excludes the impact of the acquisition of Learning House.

CORPORATE EXPENSES:

Corporate expenses for the three months ended October 31, 2019 decreased 22% to $37.5 million as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, these expenses decreased 18%. This decrease was primarily due to cost savings, lower employee benefit costs due to timing and a life insurance recovery of $2 million.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – SIX MONTHS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2019

CONSOLIDATED OPERATING RESULTS

Revenue:

Revenue for the six months ended October 31, 2019 increased $30.2 million, or 4%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased 5% mainly driven by the following factors:

● an increase of $44.2 million in the Education Services business due largely to contributions from Learning House, which was acquired in November 2018, and

● an increase of $17.1 million in the Research Publishing & Platforms business.

These increases were partially offset by a decline of $18.8 million in the Academic & Professional Learning business.

Excluding the impact of acquisitions, revenues on a constant currency basis were flat.

See the “Segment Operating Results” below for additional details on each segment’s revenue and Adjusted EBITDA performance.

Cost of Sales:

Cost of sales for the six months ended October 31, 2019 increased $26.2 million, or 10%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, cost of sales increased 12%. This increase was primarily due to additional costs associated with the Learning House acquisition, an increase in marketing costs in the Education Services business and, to a lesser extent, higher royalty costs.

Operating and Administrative Expenses:

Operating and administrative expenses for the six months ended October 31, 2019 increased $13.9 million, or 3%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, operating and administrative expenses increased 4%. The increase was primarily due to investments in additional resources in content and editorial support, as well as advertising, marketing, sales and technology costs.

 32

Restructuring and Related Charges:

Business Optimization Program

For the six months ended October 31, 2019, we recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $14.0 million, related to this program. These charges are reflected in Restructuring and Related Charges in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related Charges” for more details on these charges.

Restructuring and Reinvestment Program

For the six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $0.7 million and $3.9 million, respectively, related to this program. These charges are reflected in Restructuring and Related Charges in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 9, “Restructuring and Related Charges” for more details on these charges.

For the impact of both of our restructuring programs on diluted earnings per share, see the section below, “Diluted Earnings per Share (“EPS”).”

Amortization of Intangibles:

Amortization of intangibles was $30.0 million for the six months ended October 31, 2019, an increase of $4.9 million, or 20%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis, amortization of intangibles increased 22% as compared with prior year. The increase in amortization was primarily due to the acquisition of Learning House and, to a lesser extent intangibles acquired as part of the acquisitions completed in fiscal year 2020. See Note 3, “Acquisitions” for more details on these transactions.

Operating Income:

Operating income was $68.0 million for the six months ended October 31, 2019, a decrease of $25.7 million, or 27%, as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, Adjusted EBITDA decreased 5% primarily due to higher costs of sales and operating and administrative expenses, offset by higher revenue.

Interest Expense:

Interest expense for the six months ended October 31, 2019 was $12.9 million compared with prior year of $6.4 million. This increase was due to higher average debt balances outstanding, which included borrowings for the funding of acquisitions and a higher weighted average effective borrowing rate.

Foreign Exchange Transaction Losses:

Foreign exchange transaction losses were less than $0.1 million for the six months ended October 31, 2019 and were primarily due to the net impact of the change in average foreign exchange rates as compared to the U.S. dollar on our intercompany and third-party accounts receivable and payable balances. For the six months ended October 31, 2018, foreign exchange transaction losses were $1.8 million primarily due to the net impact of the change in average foreign exchange rates as compared to the U.S. dollar on our intercompany and third-party receivable and payable balances.

Provision for Income Taxes:

The effective tax rate for the six months ended October 31, 2019 was 20.1%, compared with 22.5% for the prior year. The rate for the six months ended October 31, 2019 was lower than the rate for the prior year due to the mix of earnings, as well as certain net discrete items, including a tax-free life insurance recovery. Excluding the effects of these discrete items, the rate for the six months ended October 31, 2019 would have been 21.6%.

Diluted Earnings per Share (“EPS”):

EPS for the six months ended October 31, 2019 was $0.85 per share compared with $1.21 per share for the six months ended October 31, 2018. Excluding the impact of the items included in the table below, Adjusted EPS for the six months ended October 31, 2019 decreased 19% to $1.06 per share compared with $1.31 per share for the six months ended October 31, 2018. On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EPS decreased 18% due to lower Adjusted EBITDA, higher interest expense and amortization of intangibles, partially offset by a lower provision for income taxes.

 33

	Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019		2018
GAAP EPS	$	0.85	$	1.21
Adjustments:
Restructuring and related charges		0.20		0.05
Foreign exchange losses on intercompany transactions		0.01		0.05
Non-GAAP Adjusted EPS	$	1.06	$	1.31

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS

	Six Months Ended October 31,							Constant Currency
RESEARCH PUBLISHING & PLATFORMS:	2019		2018		% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)			% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
Revenue:
Research Publishing	$	445,012	$	436,424		2	%		4	%
Research Platforms		19,072		17,968		6	%		6	%
Total Research Publishing & Platforms Revenue		464,084		454,392		2	%		4	%
Cost of Sales		128,206		124,594		(3	)%		(6	)%
Operating Expenses		199,090		197,906		(1	)%		(2	)%
Amortization of Intangibles		14,505		14,063		(3	)%		(6	)%
Restructuring Charges (see Note 9)		3,346		1,302		#			#
Contribution to Profit		118,937		116,527		2	%		2	%
Restructuring Charges (see Note 9)		3,346		1,302
Adjusted Contribution to Profit		122,283		117,829		4	%		4	%
Depreciation and amortization		34,190		30,787
Adjusted EBITDA	$	156,473	$	148,616		5	%		6	%

# Not meaningful

Revenue:

Research Publishing & Platforms revenue for the six months ended October 31, 2019 increased 2% to $464.1 million on a reported basis and increased 4% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. This increase was primarily due to continued growth in Research Publishing in Open Access.

Adjusted EBITDA:

Adjusted EBITDA increased 5% to $156.5 million for the six months ended October 31, 2019 as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, Adjusted EBITDA increased 6% as compared with prior year. This increase was due to higher revenues and efficiency gains, partially offset by an increase in royalty costs, and higher operating costs, which reflected investments in additional resources in editorial and content to support increased journal publishing.

Society Partnerships:

For the six months ended October 31, 2019:

● 9 new society contracts were signed with a combined annual revenue of approximately $9.3 million,

● 26 society contracts were renewed with a combined annual revenue of approximately $16.3 million,

● 7 society contracts were not renewed with a combined annual revenue of approximately $1.4 million.

 34

	Six Months Ended October 31,							Constant Currency
ACADEMIC & PROFESSIONAL LEARNING:	2019		2018		% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)			% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
Revenue:
Education Publishing	$	167,264	$	181,508		(8	)%		(7	)%
Professional Learning		155,319		164,586		(6	)%		(4	)%
Total Academic & Professional Learning		322,583		346,094		(7	)%		(5	)%
Cost of Sales		87,674		94,711		7	%		6	%
Operating Expenses		183,275		172,504		(6	)%		(8	)%
Amortization of Intangibles		8,068		8,557		6	%		5	%
Restructuring Charges (see Note 9)		3,605		1,477		#			#
Contribution to Profit		39,961		68,845		(42	)%		(41	)%
Restructuring Charges (see Note 9)		3,605		1,477
Adjusted Contribution to Profit		43,566		70,322		(38	)%		(37	)%
Depreciation and amortization		33,873		35,050
Adjusted EBITDA	$	77,439	$	105,372		(27	)%		(26	)%

# Not meaningful

Revenue:

Academic & Professional Learning revenue decreased 7% to $322.6 million on a reported basis and decreased 5% on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. This decrease was primarily due to declines in book publishing reflecting market conditions. This decline was partially offset by contributions from acquisitions, and to a lesser extent, growth in professional assessment. Excluding revenue from acquisitions, organic revenue declined 8% on a constant currency basis.

Adjusted EBITDA:

Adjusted EBITDA decreased 27% to $77.4 million for the six months ended October 31, 2019 as compared with the prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, Adjusted EBITDA decreased 26% as compared with prior year. This decrease was primarily due to the decline in revenue; and to a lesser extent, increased investment in growth initiatives including costs associated with the acquisition of zyBooks and Knewton.

	Six Months Ended October 31,									Constant Currency
EDUCATION SERVICES:	2019			2018			% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)			% Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
Revenue:
Total Education Services Revenue	$	103,068		$	59,037			75	%		75	%
Cost of Sales		70,628			41,010			(72	)%		(72	)%
Operating Expenses		28,025			21,381			(31	)%		(31	)%
Amortization of Intangibles		7,417			2,430			#			#
Restructuring Charges (see Note 9)		1,614			102			#			#
Contribution to Profit		(4,616	)		(5,886	)		22	%		21	%
Restructuring Charges (see Note 9)		1,614			102
Adjusted Contribution to Profit		(3,002	)		(5,784	)		48	%		48	%
Depreciation and amortization		11,020			6,512
Adjusted EBITDA	$	8,018		$	728			#			#

# Not meaningful

 35

Revenue:

Education Services revenue increased 75% to $103.1 million, on a reported and on a constant currency basis as compared with prior year. The increase was mainly driven by the impact of the acquisition of Learning House, and organic growth of 10%.

Adjusted EBITDA:

Adjusted EBITDA was $8.0 million compared to $0.7 million in the prior year. On a constant currency basis, excluding restructuring charges, Adjusted EBITDA was favorable by $7.3 million as compared with prior year. This was due to the following:

● higher revenue as described above;

partially offset by:

● higher costs of sales primarily due to higher marketing and other program costs, which was primarily due to the incremental impact of the acquisition of Learning House, and

● higher operating expenses due to an increase in advertising, marketing and technology costs.

CORPORATE EXPENSES:

Corporate expenses for the six months ended October 31, 2019 increased 1% to $86.3 million as compared with prior year. On a constant currency basis and excluding restructuring charges, these expenses decreased 5%. This was primarily due to a decrease in employment and technology related costs and a life insurance recovery of $2 million. These factors were partially offset by an increase in costs associated with strategic planning and business optimization efforts.

FISCAL YEAR 2020 OUTLOOK:

We are reaffirming our financial outlook with updates that reflect the addition of zyBooks. Note, Knewton was included in the original outlook.

Amounts in millions, except Adjusted EPS

Item	Original Fiscal Year 2020 Outlook (1)		zyBooks Impact			Updated Fiscal Year 2020 Outlook (1)
Revenue	$	1,840-1,870	$	15		$	1,855-1,885
Adjusted EBITDA	$	360-375	$	(3	)	$	357-372
Adjusted EPS	$	2.45-2.55	$	(0.10	)	$	2.35-2.45
Free Cash Flow	$	210-230	Insignificant			Unchanged

⁽¹⁾  2020 Outlook reflects an effective tax rate of approximately 22% and is at constant currency (reflecting Fiscal Year 2019 average foreign exchange rates) and excludes the impact of foreign exchange movements on results through the second quarter. If current foreign currency exchange rates remain consistent throughout the remainder of fiscal year 2020, we anticipate that consolidated revenue would be unfavorably impacted by approximately $15 million and Adjusted EPS would be immaterially impacted as compared to the prior year.

Adjusted EBITDA:

Below is a reconciliation of GAAP net income to Non-GAAP EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

	Three Months Ended October 31,						Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net Income	$	44,690		$	43,784		$	48,314		$	70,079
Interest expense		6,787			3,608			12,864			6,404
Provision for income taxes		11,783			12,538			12,126			20,324
Depreciation and amortization		42,638			39,652			84,857			79,823
Non-GAAP EBITDA	$	105,898		$	99,582		$	158,161		$	176,630
Restructuring and related charges		4,001			9,996			14,736			3,910
Foreign exchange transaction losses		2,668			54			16			1,783
Interest and other income		(2,537	)		(2,509	)		(5,370	)		(4,975	)
Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA	$	110,030		$	107,123		$	167,543		$	177,348

 36

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Principal Sources of Liquidity

We believe that our operating cash flow, together with our revolving credit facilities and other available debt financing, will be adequate to meet our operating, investing and financing needs in the foreseeable future, although there can be no assurance that continued or increased volatility in the global capital and credit markets will not impair our ability to access these markets on terms commercially acceptable. We do not have any off-balance-sheet debt.

As of October 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $107.7 million, of which approximately $88.3 million, or 82%, was located outside the U.S.  Maintenance of these cash and cash equivalent balances outside the U.S. does not have a material impact on the liquidity or capital resources of our operations. Notwithstanding the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”), which generally eliminated federal income tax on future cash repatriation to the U.S., cash repatriation may be subject to state and local taxes or withholding or similar taxes. Since April 30, 2018, we no longer intend to permanently reinvest earnings outside the U.S. We have a $2.0 million liability related to the estimated taxes that would be incurred upon repatriating certain non-U.S. earnings.

On May 30, 2019, we entered into a credit agreement that amended and restated our existing revolving credit agreement (“Amended and Restated RCA”). The Amended and Restated RCA provides for senior unsecured credit facilities comprised of a (i) five-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount up to $1.25 billion, and (ii) a five-year term loan A facility consisting of $250 million.

As of October 31, 2019, we had approximately $794.7 million of debt outstanding, net of unamortized issuance costs of $0.8 million, and approximately $705.8 million of unused borrowing capacity under our Amended and Restated RCA and other facilities. Our Amended and Restated RCA contains certain restrictive covenants related to our consolidated leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio, which we were in compliance with as of October 31, 2019.

Analysis of Historical Cash Flow

The following table shows the changes in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018.

	Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019			2018
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities	$	(99,521	)	$	(116,561	)
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities		(134,431	)		(49,706	)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities		249,267			120,465
Effect of Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash		(461	)		(8,368	)

Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending helps assess our ability, over the long term, to create value for our shareholders, as it represents cash available to repay debt, pay common dividends, and fund share repurchases and new acquisitions. Below are the details of Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending for the six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018.

Cash flow from operations is seasonally a use of cash in the first half of Wiley’s fiscal year principally due to the timing of collections for annual journal subscriptions, which occurs in the beginning of the second half of our fiscal year.

Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending:

	Six Months Ended October 31,
	2019			2018
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities	$	(99,521	)	$	(116,561	)
Less: Additions to Technology, Property and Equipment		(44,531	)		(34,560	)
Less: Product Development Spending		(11,686	)		(12,351	)
Free Cash Flow less Product Development Spending	$	(155,738	)	$	(163,472	)

 37

Net Cash Used In Operating Activities

The following is a summary of the $17.1 million change in Net Cash Used In Operating Activities for the six months ended October 31, 2019 as compared with the six months ended October 31, 2018 (amounts in millions).

Net Cash Used In Operating Activities – Six Months Ended October 31, 2018	$	(116.6	)
Working Capital Changes:
Accounts receivable, net and contract liabilities - due to the timing of collections, including collections from the delayed calendar year 2019 journal subscription billing into fiscal year 2020		51.1
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities - due to the timing of payments and lower incentive payments in the six months ended October 31, 2019		15.9
Income tax payments primarily due to the timing of certain international tax payments		(19.0	)
Other working capital items		(17.4	)
Lower net income adjusted for items to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities		(13.5	)
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities – Six Months Ended October 31, 2019	$	(99.5	)

Our negative working capital was $138.5 million and $379.8 million as of October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2019, respectively, due to the seasonality of our businesses. The primary driver of the negative working capital is unearned contract liabilities related to subscriptions for which cash has been collected in advance. Cash received in advance for subscriptions is used by us for a number of purposes including funding: acquisitions, debt repayments, operations and dividend payments and purchasing treasury shares.

The $241.3 million change in negative working capital was primarily due to the decrease in accounts receivable and contract liabilities primarily representing deferred revenue on calendar year 2019  subscriptions primarily in the six months ended October 31, 2019, and the timing of certain working capital items including the payment of certain payables; partially offset by, an increase in current liabilities of $18.4 million due to the recognition of the short-term portion of operating lease liabilities due to the adoption of ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842).”  See Note 2, “Recent Accounting Standards”, for further details.

The revenue from contract liabilities will be recognized when the products are shipped or made available online to the customers over the term of the subscription. Current liabilities as of October 31, 2019 and as of April 30, 2019 includes $248.7 million and $507.4 million, respectively, primarily related to deferred subscription revenue for which cash was collected in advance.

Net Cash Used In Investing Activities

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities for the six months ended October 31, 2019 was $134.4 million compared to $49.7 million in the prior year. The increase was due to $74.2 million of net cash used to acquire zyBooks, Knewton and other acquisitions during the six months ended October 31, 2019, and to a lesser extent, an increase of $10.0 million for technology, property and equipment, due to increased investments in products and platforms.

Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities was $249.3 million for the six months ended October 31, 2019 compared to $120.5 million for the six months ended October 31, 2018. This increase in cash provided by financing activities was due to an increase in net borrowings of $138.2 million for the six months ended October 31, 2019 compared to the six months ended October 31, 2018 which was primarily due to the acquisitions described above. This was partially offset by $8.7 million of lower cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options and other activities.

During the six months ended October 31, 2019, we repurchased 551,847 shares of Class A Common stock at an average price of $45.30 compared to 425,120 shares of Class A Common Stock at an average price of $58.79 in the prior year.

In the six months ended October 31, 2019, we increased our quarterly dividend to shareholders by 3% to $1.36 per share annualized versus $1.32 per share annualized in the prior year.

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ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk primarily related to interest rates, foreign exchange, and credit risk. It is our policy to monitor these exposures and to use derivative financial investments and/or insurance contracts from time to time to reduce fluctuations in earnings and cash flows when it is deemed appropriate to do so. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Interest Rates

From time to time, we may use interest rate swaps, collars, or options to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. It is management’s intention that the notional amount of interest rate swaps be less than the variable rate loans outstanding during the life of the derivatives.

The information set forth in Note 16, "Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities," of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption "Interest Rate Contracts," is incorporated herein by reference.

On an annual basis, a hypothetical one percent change in interest rates for the $595.4 million of unhedged variable rate debt as of October 31, 2019 would affect net income and cash flow by approximately $4.5 million.

Foreign Exchange Rates

Fluctuations in the currencies of countries where we operate outside the U.S. may have a significant impact on financial results. We are primarily exposed to movements in British pound sterling, euros, Canadian and Australian dollars, and certain currencies in Asia. The Statements of Financial Position of non-U.S. business units are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and the Statements of Income are translated into U.S. dollars using weighted-average exchange rates for revenues and expenses.

Our significant investments in non-U.S. businesses are exposed to foreign currency risk. Adjustments resulting from translating assets and liabilities are reported as a separate component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss within Shareholders’ Equity under the caption Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment. During the three and six months ended October 31, 2019, we recorded foreign currency translation gains in Other Comprehensive Income of approximately $38.3 million and $2.8 million respectively, primarily as a result of the fluctuations of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling. During the three and six months ended October 31, 2018, we recorded foreign currency translation losses in Other Comprehensive Income of approximately $20.4 million and $60.7 million, respectively, primarily as a result of the fluctuations of the U.S. dollar relative to the British pound sterling and, to a lesser extent, the euro.

Exchange rate gains or losses related to foreign currency transactions are recognized as transaction gains or losses in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income as incurred. Under certain circumstances, we may enter into derivative financial instruments in the form of foreign currency forward contracts to hedge against specific transactions, including intercompany purchases and loans.

The information set forth in Note 16, "Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities," of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under the caption "Foreign Currency Contracts," is incorporated herein by reference.

Sales Return Reserves

The estimated allowance for print book sales returns is based upon historical return patterns, as well as current market trends in the businesses in which we operate. In connection with the estimated sales return reserves, we also include a related increase to inventory and a reduction to accrued royalties as a result of the expected returns.

The reserves are reflected in the following accounts of the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position:

	October 31, 2019			April 30, 2019
Increase in Inventories, net	$	9,889		$	3,739
Decrease in Accrued royalties	$	(5,285	)	$	(3,653	)
Increase in Contract liabilities	$	37,699		$	25,934
Print book sales return reserve net liability balance	$	(22,525	)	$	(18,542	)

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A one percent change in the estimated sales return rate could affect net income by approximately $0.8 million. A change in the pattern or trends in returns could affect the estimated allowance.

Customer Credit Risk

In the journal publishing business, subscriptions are primarily sourced through journal subscription agents who, acting as agents for library customers, facilitate ordering by consolidating the subscription orders/billings of each subscriber with various publishers. Cash is generally collected in advance from subscribers by the subscription agents and is principally remitted to us between the months of December and April. Although at October 31, 2019, we had minimal credit risk exposure to these agents, future calendar-year subscription receipts from these agents are highly dependent on their financial condition and liquidity. Subscription agents account for approximately 20% of total annual consolidated revenue and one affiliated group of subscription agents accounts for approximately 10% of total annual consolidated revenue.

Our book business is not dependent upon a single customer; however, the industry is concentrated in national, regional, and online bookstore chains. Although no one book customer accounts for more than 8% of total annual consolidated revenue and 17% of accounts receivable at October 31, 2019, the top 10 book customers account for approximately 14% of total annual consolidated revenue and approximately 35% of accounts receivable at October 31, 2019.

We maintain approximately $25 million of trade credit insurance, covering balances due from certain named customers, subject to certain limitations and annual renewal.

Disclosure of Certain Activities Relating to Iran

The European Union, Canada and United States have imposed sanctions on business relationships with Iran, including restrictions on financial transactions and prohibitions on direct and indirect trading with listed “designated persons.” In the three and six months ended October 31, 2019, we recorded revenue of $0.2 million and an immaterial amount of net earnings related to the sale of scientific and medical content to certain publicly funded universities, hospitals and institutions that meet the definition of the “Government of Iran” as defined under section 560.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations. We assessed our business relationship and transactions with Iran and believe we are in compliance with the regulations governing the sanctions. We intend to continue in these or similar sales as long as they continue to be consistent with all applicable sanction-related regulations.

ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, together with the Chief Accounting Officer and other members of the Company's management, have conducted an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting: During the three months ended July 31, 2019, we closed on the acquisition of Zyante. We excluded Zyante from the scope of management’s report on internal control over financial reporting for the six months ended October 31, 2019. We are in the process of integrating Zyante to our overall internal control over financial reporting and will include them in scope for the year ending April 30, 2020. This process may result in additions or changes to our internal control over financial reporting.

We are in the process of implementing a new global ERP that will enhance our business and financial processes and standardize our information systems. As previously disclosed, we have completed the implementation of record-to-report, purchase-to-pay and several other business processes within all locations through fiscal year 2017. We completed the implementation of order-to-cash for certain businesses in May 2018 and may continue to roll out additional processes and functionality of the ERP in phases in the foreseeable future.

As with any new information system we implement, this application, along with the internal controls over financial reporting included in this process, will require testing for effectiveness. In connection with this ERP implementation, we are updating our internal controls over financial reporting, as necessary, to accommodate modifications to our business processes and accounting procedures. We do not believe that the ERP implementation will have an adverse effect on our internal control over financial reporting.

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Except as described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended October 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

There have been no significant developments related to legal proceedings during the three months ended October 31, 2019. For information regarding legal proceedings, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019 Note 18, “Commitment and Contingencies”.

ITEM 1a. RISK FACTORS

See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019. Except as required by the federal securities law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any risk factor, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

During the three months ended October 31, 2019, we made the following purchases of Class A Common Stock under our stock repurchase program:

	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as part of a Publicly Announced Program		Maximum Number of Shares that May be Purchased Under the Program
August 2019		—	$	—		—		1,671,464
September 2019		245,315		45.40		245,315		1,426,149
October 2019		89,021		43.40		89,021		1,337,128
Total		334,336	$	44.87		334,336		1,337,128

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	18 U.S.C. Section 1350 Certificate by the President and Chief Executive Officer.
32.2	18 U.S.C. Section 1350 Certificate by the Chief Financial and Operations Officer.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
	Registrant
By	/s/ Brian A. Napack
	Brian A. Napack
	President and Chief Executive Officer
By	/s/ John A. Kritzmacher
	John A. Kritzmacher
	Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, Operations
By	/s/ Christopher F. Caridi
	Christopher F. Caridi
	Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
	Dated: December 5, 2019

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