(5)	Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loan segments and classes at March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020 are summarized as follows:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2021			June 30, 2020
Residential real estate:
Residential real estate	$	305,267		$	279,332
Residential construction and land		8,467			11,847
Multi-family		37,470			25,104
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate		454,792			381,415
Commercial construction		66,913			74,920
Consumer loan:
Home equity		18,957			22,106
Consumer installment		4,499			4,817
Commercial loans		194,515			213,119
Total gross loans		1,090,880			1,012,660
Allowance for loan losses		(19,668	)		(16,391	)
Unearned origination fees and costs, net		(2,714	)		(2,747	)
Loans receivable, net	$	1,068,498		$	993,522

The Bank of Greene County continues working with borrowers through the current pandemic. The Company instituted a loan deferment program in response to the COVID-19 pandemic whereby deferral of principal payments or principal and interest payments have been provided and correspond to the length of the National Emergency as defined under the CARES Act and extended under the Consolidated Appropriations Act which was signed into law on December 27, 2020.

Under Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), loans less than 30 days past due as of March 31, 2020 will be considered current for COVID-19 modifications. Provisions under Section 4013 of the CARES Act were extended as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act signed into law on December 27, 2020. A financial institution can suspend the requirements under GAAP for loan modifications related to COVID-19 that would otherwise be categorized as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”), and suspend any determination of a loan modified as a result of COVID-19 as being a TDR, including the requirement to determine impairment for accounting purposes. Financial institutions wishing to utilize this authority must make a policy election, which applies to any COVID-19 modification made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of either January 1, 2022 or the 60th day after the end of the COVID-19 national emergency. Similarly, the Financial Accounting Standards Board has confirmed that short-term modifications made on a good-faith basis in response to COVID-19 to loan customers who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs. Lastly, prior to the enactment of the CARES Act, the banking regulatory agencies provided guidance as to how certain short-term modifications would not be considered TDRs, and have subsequently confirmed that such guidance could be applicable for loans that do not qualify for favorable accounting treatment under Section 4013 of the CARES Act. The Company has worked with customers following the guidance and standards set forth in the various federal and state laws and regulatory guidance issued in response to the global pandemic.

Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help grade the quality and profitability of the Company’s loan portfolio. The credit quality grade helps management make a consistent assessment of each loan relationship’s credit risk. Consistent with regulatory guidelines, The Bank of Greene County provides for the classification of loans considered being of lesser quality. Such ratings coincide with the “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss” classifications used by federal regulators in their examination of financial institutions. Generally, an asset is considered Substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured financial institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in assets classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a full loss reserve and/or charge-off is not warranted. Assets that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated “Special Mention.” Management also maintains a listing of loans designated “Watch.” These loans represent borrowers with declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage and/or weakening market fundamentals that indicate above average risk.

When The Bank of Greene County classifies problem assets as either Substandard or Doubtful, it generally establishes a specific valuation allowance or “loss reserve” in an amount deemed prudent by management. General allowances represent loss allowances that have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular loans. When The Bank of Greene County identifies problem loans as being impaired, it is required to evaluate whether the Bank will be able to collect all amounts due either through repayments or the liquidation of the underlying collateral. If it is determined that impairment exists, the Bank is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to the amount of impairment of the assets, or to charge-off such amount. The Bank of Greene County’s determination as to the classification of its loans and the amount of its valuation allowance is subject to review by its regulatory agencies, which can order the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances. The Bank of Greene County reviews its portfolio monthly to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations.

The Bank primarily has four segments within its loan portfolio that it considers when measuring credit quality: residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and commercial loans. The residential real estate portfolio consists of residential, construction, and multi-family loan classes. Commercial real estate loans consist of commercial real estate and commercial construction loan classes. Consumer loans consist of home equity loan and consumer installment loan classes. The inherent risk within the loan portfolio varies depending upon each of these loan types.

The Bank of Greene County’s primary lending activity historically has been the origination of residential mortgage loans, including home equity loans, which are collateralized by residences. Generally, residential mortgage loans are made in amounts up to 85.0% of the appraised value of the property. In the event of default by the borrower, The Bank of Greene County will acquire and liquidate the underlying collateral. By originating the loan at a loan-to-value ratio of 85.0% or less, The Bank of Greene County limits its risk of loss in the event of default. However, the market values of the collateral may be adversely impacted by declines in the economy. Home equity loans may have an additional inherent risk if The Bank of Greene County does not hold the first mortgage. The Bank of Greene County may stand in a secondary position in the event of collateral liquidation resulting in a greater chance of insufficiency to meet all obligations.

Construction lending generally involves a greater degree of risk than other residential mortgage lending. The repayment of the construction loan is, to a great degree, dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the construction of the subject property within specified cost limits. The Bank of Greene County completes inspections during the construction phase prior to any disbursements. The Bank of Greene County limits its risk during the construction as disbursements are not made until the required work for each advance has been completed. Construction delays may further impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan.

Loans collateralized by commercial real estate, and multi-family dwellings, such as apartment buildings generally are larger than residential loans and involve a greater degree of risk. Commercial real estate loans often involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Payments on these loans depend to a large degree on the results of operations and management of the properties or underlying businesses, and may be affected to a greater extent by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy in general. Accordingly, the nature of commercial real estate loans makes them more difficult for management to monitor and evaluate.

Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than residential mortgage loans. In addition, consumer loans expand the products and services offered by The Bank of Greene County to better meet the financial services needs of its customers. Consumer loans generally involve greater credit risk than residential mortgage loans because of the difference in the nature of the underlying collateral. Repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation in the underlying collateral. The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower beyond obtaining a deficiency judgment. In addition, consumer loan collections depend on the borrower’s personal financial stability. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans.

Commercial lending generally involves greater risk than residential mortgage lending and involves risks that are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate mortgage lending. Real estate lending is generally considered to be collateral-based, with loan amounts based on fixed loan-to-collateral values, and liquidation of the underlying real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment because equipment and other business assets may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment. Over the past few years, The Bank of Greene County has shifted more focus on the origination of commercial loans including commercial real estate. The Bank of Greene County has also formed relationships with other community banks within our region to participate in larger commercial loan relationships. These types of loans are generally considered to be riskier due to the size and complexity of the loan relationship. By entering into a participation agreement with the other bank, The Bank of Greene County can obtain the loan relationship while limiting its exposure to credit loss. Management completes its due diligence in underwriting these loans and monitors the servicing of these loans. During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the Company had on average outstanding $77.6 million in PPP loans which are unsecured commercial loans and are 100% guaranteed by the Small Business Administration.

Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator at March 31, 2021 are shown below.

(In thousands)	Performing		Watch		Special Mention		Substandard		Total
Residential real estate	$	301,919	$	495	$	81	$	2,772	$	305,267
Residential construction and land		8,467		-		-		-		8,467
Multi-family		35,493		-		1,613		364		37,470
Commercial real estate		426,657		-		17,918		10,217		454,792
Commercial construction		63,913		-		2,000		1,000		66,913
Home equity		18,393		-		-		564		18,957
Consumer installment		4,499		-		-		-		4,499
Commercial loans		188,016		-		2,572		3,927		194,515
Total gross loans	$	1,047,357	$	495	$	24,184	$	18,844	$	1,090,880

Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator at June 30, 2020 are shown below.

(In thousands)	Performing		Watch		Special Mention		Substandard		Total
Residential real estate	$	274,973	$	626	$	996	$	2,737	$	279,332
Residential construction and land		11,847		-		-		-		11,847
Multi-family		23,336		-		1,645		123		25,104
Commercial real estate		364,884		-		13,189		3,342		381,415
Commercial construction		67,844		-		6,974		102		74,920
Home equity		21,466		-		-		640		22,106
Consumer installment		4,792		25		-		-		4,817
Commercial loans		210,031		50		2,675		363		213,119
Total gross loans	$	979,173	$	701	$	25,479	$	7,307	$	1,012,660

The Company had no loans classified doubtful or loss at March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020. Loans classified as substandard or special mention totaled $43.0 million at March 31, 2021 and $32.8 million at June 30, 2020, an increase of $10.2 million. Loans classified as substandard or special mention increased due to insufficient cash flows and revenues for commercial real estate and commercial loans related to the COVID-19 pandemic. These newly classified loans were all performing as of March 31, 2021.

Nonaccrual Loans

Management places loans on nonaccrual status once the loans have become 90 days or more delinquent. A nonaccrual loan is defined as a loan in which collectability is questionable and therefore interest on the loan will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. A loan is not placed back on accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and willingness to make timely payments on the loan. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as nonaccrual. Nonaccrual loans consisted primarily of loans secured by real estate at March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $2.7 million at March 31, 2021 of which $752,000 were in the process of foreclosure. At March 31, 2021, there were six residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $450,000 with the remainder in commercial loans. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.6 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at March 31, 2021, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. These loans will be returned to accrual status once they have demonstrated a history of timely payments. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $4.1 million at June 30, 2020 of which $1.3 million were in the process of foreclosure. At June 30, 2020, there were eight residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $1.0 million. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.4 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2020, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. The decrease in nonaccrual loans during the nine months ended March 31, 2021, was primarily due to $1.4 million in loan repayments, $583,000 in charge-offs, $293,000 in loans returned to performing status, offset by $907,000 of loans placed into nonperforming status.

The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2021:

(In thousands)	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		90 days or more past due		Total past due		Current		Total Loans		Loans on Non-accrual
Residential real estate	$	2,078	$	306	$	453	$	2,837	$	302,430	$	305,267	$	1,582
Residential construction and land		-		-		-		-		8,467		8,467		-
Multi-family		-		-		-		-		37,470		37,470		-
Commercial real estate		5,012		127		345		5,484		449,308		454,792		529
Commercial construction		-		-		-		-		66,913		66,913		-
Home equity		14		101		128		243		18,714		18,957		243
Consumer installment		25		-		-		25		4,474		4,499		-
Commercial loans		991		117		118		1,226		193,289		194,515		312
Total gross loans	$	8,120	$	651	$	1,044	$	9,815	$	1,081,065	$	1,090,880	$	2,666

The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2020:

(In thousands)	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		90 days or more past due		Total past due		Current		Total Loans		Loans on Non-accrual
Residential real estate	$	871	$	345	$	1,691	$	2,907	$	276,425	$	279,332	$	2,513
Residential construction and land		-		-		-		-		11,847		11,847		-
Multi-family		-		-		151		151		24,953		25,104		151
Commercial real estate		393		189		374		956		380,459		381,415		781
Commercial construction		-		-		-		-		74,920		74,920		-
Home equity		29		-		238		267		21,839		22,106		319
Consumer installment		36		25		-		61		4,756		4,817		-
Commercial loans		48		72		245		365		212,754		213,119		313
Total gross loans	$	1,377	$	631	$	2,699	$	4,707	$	1,007,953	$	1,012,660	$	4,077

The Bank of Greene County had no accruing loans delinquent more than 90 days at March 31, 2021 or June 30, 2020, respectively. The loans delinquent more than 90 days and accruing consist of loans that are well collateralized and the borrowers have demonstrated the ability and willingness to pay. The borrower has made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loan current within a specified time period and has made a series of payments as agreed.

The table below details additional information related to nonaccrual loans for the three and nine months ended March 31:

	For the three months ended March 31,				For the nine months ended March 31
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest income that would have been recorded if loans had been performing in accordance with original terms	$	43	$	64	$	174	$	218
Interest income that was recorded on nonaccrual loans		36		51		116		143

In order to assist borrowers through the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company instituted a loan deferment program in response to the COVID-19 pandemic whereby deferral of principal and/or interest payments have been provided and correspond to the length of the National Emergency as defined under the CARES Act and extended under the Consolidated Appropriations Act which was signed into law on December 27, 2020. Payment deferrals consisted of either principal deferrals or full payment deferrals. Based on guidance provided by bank regulators on March 22, 2020 regarding deferrals granted due to COVID-19, these have not been reported as delinquent and we will continue to recognize interest income during the deferral period. At March 31, 2021, there were eight loans totaling $248,000 on nonaccrual that previously participated in this loan deferment program due to COVID-19.

Impaired Loan Analysis

The Company identifies impaired loans and measures the impairment in accordance with FASB ASC subtopic “Receivables – Loan Impairment.” Management may consider a loan impaired once it is classified as nonaccrual and when it is probable that the borrower will be unable to repay the loan according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is restructured in a troubled debt restructuring. It should be noted that management does not evaluate all loans individually for impairment. Generally, The Bank of Greene County considers residential mortgages, home equity loans and installment loans as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loan experience and other factors. In contrast, large commercial mortgage, construction, multi-family, business loans and select larger balance residential mortgage loans are reviewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The majority of The Bank of Greene County loans, including most nonaccrual loans, are small homogenous loan types adequately supported by collateral. Management considers the payment status of loans in the process of evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses among other factors. Based on this evaluation, a delinquent loan’s risk rating may be downgraded to either pass-watch, special mention, or substandard, and the allocation of the allowance for loan loss is based upon the risk associated with such designation. Loans that have been modified as a troubled debt restructuring are included in impaired loans. The measurement of impairment is generally based on the discounted cash flows based on the original rate of the loan before the restructuring, unless it is determined that the restructured loan is collateral dependent. If the restructured loan is deemed to be collateral dependent, impairment is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.

The tables below detail additional information on impaired loans at the date or periods indicated:

	At March 31, 2021						For the three months ended March 31, 2021				For the nine months ended March 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Residential real estate	$	378	$	378	$	-	$	381	$	1	$	392	$	11
Multi-family		-		-		-		-		-		40		-
Commercial real estate		300		300		-		307		-		321		3
Home equity		229		229		-		230		-		173		-
Commercial loans		103		103		-		105		-		164		8
Impaired loans with no allowance		1,010		1,010		-		1,023		1		1,090		22

With an allowance recorded:
Residential real estate		730		730		113		710		2		1,053		27
Commercial construction		102		102		27		102		-		102		-
Home equity		321		321		74		321		2		381		12
Commercial loans		1,756		1,756		73		1,235		85		417		110
Impaired loans with allowance		2,909		2,909		287		2,368		89		1,953		149

Total impaired:
Residential real estate		1,108		1,108		113		1,091		3		1445		38
Multi-family		-		-		-		-		-		40		-
Commercial real estate		300		300		-		307		-		321		3
Commercial construction		102		102		27		102		-		102		-
Home equity		550		550		74		551		2		554		12
Commercial loans		1,859		1,859		73		1,340		85		581		118
Total impaired loans	$	3,919	$	3,919	$	287	$	3,391	$	90	$	3,043	$	171

	At June 30, 2020						For the three months ended March 31, 2020				For the nine months ended March 31, 2020
(In thousands)	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Residential real estate	$	868	$	868	$	-	$	702		11		645		52
Multi-family		123		123		-		42		-		14		-
Commercial real estate		344		344		-		362		1		549		13
Home equity		128		128		-		136		-		177		-
Commercial loans		145		145		-		163		-		134		1
Impaired loans with no allowance		1,608		1,608		-		1,405		12		1,519		66

With an allowance recorded:
Residential real estate		995		995		127		1,176		7		1,227		39
Multi-family		-		-		-		85		-		72		1
Commercial real estate		-		-		-		-		-		35		3
Commercial construction		102		102		15		102		-		102		-
Home equity		431		431		73		449		7		414		21
Commercial loans		134		134		13		165		5		151		9
Impaired loans with allowance		1,662		1,662		228		1,977		19		2,001		73

Total impaired:
Residential real estate		1,863		1,863		127		1,878		18		1,872		91
Multi-family		123		123		-		127		-		86		1
Commercial real estate		344		344		-		362		1		584		16
Commercial construction		102		102		15		102		-		102		-
Home equity		559		559		73		585		7		591		21
Commercial loans		279		279		13		328		5		285		10
Total impaired loans	$	3,270	$	3,270	$	228	$	3,382		31		3,520		139

The table below details loans that have been modified as a troubled debt restructuring.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021						Nine Months Ended March 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)	Number of Contracts		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

Commercial loans		3	$	1,391	$	1,391		4	$	1,415	$	1,415
Commercial real estates		1	$	342	$	342		1	$	342	$	342
Residential real estate		1	$	70	$	70		1	$	70	$	70

The increase in total impaired loans for the nine months ended March 31, 2021, is primarily due to five commercial loans totaling $1.7 million and a $70,000 residential loan modified as a troubled debt restructuring through a combination of below market interest rates and lengthened maturities, offset by loans that were paid off. There were no loans that were modified as a trouble debt restructuring during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020. There were no loans that had been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the twelve months prior to June 30, 2020 or 2019 which have subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021 or 2020, respectively.

The Bank of Greene County continues working with borrowers through the current pandemic. During fiscal 2020, the Company instituted a loan deferment program in response to the COVID-19 pandemic whereby deferral of principal and/or interest payments have been provided and correspond to the length of the National Emergency as defined under the CARES Act and extended under the Consolidated Appropriations Act which was signed into law on December 27, 2020. At March 31, 2021, the Company still had $18.8 million consisting of 30 loans on payment deferral as a result of the pandemic, which is down from $193.5 million consisting of 706 loans at June 30, 2020. Based on guidance provided by bank regulators on March 22, 2020 regarding deferrals granted due to COVID-19, we have not reported these loans as delinquent and will continue to recognize interest income during the deferral period. These loans will be closely monitored to determine collectability and accrual and delinquency status will be updated as deemed appropriate. The banking regulatory agencies provided guidance as to how certain short-term modifications would not be considered TDRs, and have subsequently confirmed that such guidance could be applicable for loans that do not qualify for favorable accounting treatment under Section 4013 of the CARES Act. Based on this guidance, the Company does not believe that TDRs will significantly change as a result of the modifications granted.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the loan portfolio, specific impaired loans and current economic conditions. Such evaluation, which includes a review of certain identified loans on which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, payment status of the loan, historical loan loss experience and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for the loan loss allowance. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review The Bank of Greene County’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require The Bank of Greene County to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination. The Bank of Greene County considers smaller balance residential mortgages, home equity loans, commercial loans and installment loans to customers as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loss experience. Larger balance residential, commercial mortgage and business loans are viewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements. The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Bank of Greene County charges loans off against the allowance for credit losses when it becomes evident that a loan cannot be collected within a reasonable amount of time or that it will cost the Bank more than it will receive, and all possible avenues of repayment have been analyzed, including the potential of future cash flow, the value of the underlying collateral, and strength of any guarantors or co-borrowers. Generally, consumer loans and smaller commercial loans (not secured by real estate) in excess of 90 days are charged-off against the allowance for loan losses, unless equitable arrangements are made. Included within consumer installment loan charge-offs and recoveries are deposit accounts that have been overdrawn in excess of 60 days. With continued growth in the number of deposit accounts, charge-off activity within this category has also grown, as can be seen from the tables below. For loans secured by real estate, a charge-off is recorded when it is determined that the collection of all or a portion of a loan may not be collected and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated. The allowance for loan losses is increased by a provision for loan losses (which results in a charge to expense) and recoveries of loans previously charged off and is reduced by charge-offs.

The Bank of Greene County recognizes that strategies put in place to assist borrowers through the COVID-19 pandemic may not be sufficient to fully mitigate the impact to borrowers and that it is likely that a portion of the loan portfolio will default and result in losses to The Bank of Greene County. As a result, The Bank of Greene County has increased its provision for loan losses for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021 to $1.4 million and $3.9 million, respectively, from $1.4 million and $2.7 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. The adequacy of containment strategies introduced to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 to both the economy and local businesses remains uncertain. The increase in provision for loan losses for the nine months ended March 31, 2021 was due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as growth in gross loans and an increase in loans adversely classified. Management continues to monitor changes within its economic environment and loan portfolio adjusting the allowance for loan loss as necessary to remain adequately reserved.

The following tables set forth the activity and allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category during and at the periods indicated. The allowance is allocated to each loan category based on historical loss experience and economic conditions.

	Activity for the three months ended March 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Balance at December 31, 2020		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision			Balance at March 31, 2021
Residential real estate	$	1,998	$	-	$	3	$	(16	)	$	1,985
Residential construction and land		90		-		-		11			101
Multi-family		276		-		-		38			314
Commercial real estate		10,207		-		-		1,572			11,779
Commercial construction		1,847		-		-		94			1,941
Home equity		265		-		-		(64	)		201
Consumer installment		256		101		62		(59	)		157
Commercial loans		3,331		-		-		(141	)		3,190
Total	$	18,270	$	101	$	65	$	1,434		$	19,668

	Activity for the nine months ended March 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Balance at June 30, 2020		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision			Balance at March 31, 2021
Residential real estate	$	2,091	$	26	$	10	$	(90	)	$	1,985
Residential construction and land		141		-		-		(40	)		101
Multi-family		176		-		-		138			314
Commercial real estate		8,634		-		-		3,145			11,779
Commercial construction		2,053		-		-		(112	)		1,941
Home equity		295		-		-		(94	)		201
Consumer installment		197		247		101		107			157
Commercial loans		2,804		500		-		886			3,190
Total	$	16,391	$	773	$	111	$	3,939		$	19,668

	Allowance for Loan Losses				Loans Receivable
	Ending Balance At March 31, 2021 Impairment Analysis				Ending Balance At March 31, 2021 Impairment Analysis
(In thousands)	Individually Evaluated		Collectively Evaluated		Individually Evaluated		Collectively Evaluated
Residential real estate	$	113	$	1,872	$	1,108	$	304,159
Residential construction and land		-		101		-		8,467
Multi-family		-		314		-		37,470
Commercial real estate		-		11,779		300		454,492
Commercial construction		27		1,914		102		66,811
Home equity		74		127		550		18,407
Consumer installment		-		157		-		4,499
Commercial loans		73		3,117		1,859		192,656
Total	$	287	$	19,381	$	3,919	$	1,086,961

	Activity for the three months ended March 31, 2020
(In thousands)	Balance at December 31, 2019		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision		Balance at March 31, 2020
Residential real estate	$	1,470	$	-	$	3	$	391	$	1,864
Residential construction and land		93		-		-		8		101
Multi-family		147		-		-		6		153
Commercial real estate		7,510		-		-		453		7,963
Commercial construction		1,467		-		-		355		1,822
Home equity		270		-		-		3		273
Consumer installment		366		111		33		12		300
Commercial loans		2,661		129		-		164		2,696
Unallocated		-		-		-		33		33
Total	$	13,984	$	240	$	36	$	1,425	$	15,205

	Activity for the nine months ended March 31, 2020
(In thousands)	Balance at June 30, 2019		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision			Balance at March 31, 2020
Residential real estate	$	2,026	$	101	$	13	$	(74	)	$	1,864
Residential construction and land		87		-		-		14			101
Multi-family		180		-		-		(27	)		153
Commercial real estate		7,110		-		-		853			7,963
Commercial construction		872		-		-		950			1,822
Home equity		314		-		-		(41	)		273
Consumer installment		250		359		83		326			300
Commercial loans		2,361		333		36		632			2,696
Unallocated		-		-		-		33			33
Total	$	13,200	$	793	$	132	$	2,666		$	15,205

	Allowance for Loan Losses				Loans Receivable
	Ending Balance June 30, 2020 Impairment Analysis				Ending Balance June 30, 2020 Impairment Analysis
(In thousands)	Individually Evaluated		Collectively Evaluated		Individually Evaluated		Collectively Evaluated
Residential real estate	$	127	$	1,964	$	1,863	$	277,469
Residential construction and land		-		141		-		11,847
Multi-family		-		176		123		24,981
Commercial real estate		-		8,634		344		381,071
Commercial construction		15		2,038		102		74,818
Home equity		73		222		559		21,547
Consumer installment		-		197		-		4,817
Commercial loans		13		2,791		279		212,840
Total	$	228	$	16,163	$	3,270	$	1,009,390

Foreclosed real estate (FRE)

FRE consists of properties acquired through mortgage loan foreclosure proceedings or in full or partial satisfaction of loans. The following table sets forth information regarding FRE at March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2021		June 30, 2020
Residential real estate	$	160	$	-
Total foreclosed real estate	$	160	$	-