Note 3.

Securities

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s current policies generally limit securities investments to U.S. Government and securities of government sponsored enterprises, federal funds sold, municipal bonds, corporate debt obligations and certain mutual funds. In addition, the Company’s policies permit investments in mortgage-backed securities, including securities issued and guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and GNMA, and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by these entities. As of June 30, 2018, all mortgage-backed securities including collateralized mortgage obligations were securities of government sponsored enterprises, no private-label mortgage-backed securities or collateralized mortgage obligations were held in the securities portfolio. The Company’s investments in state and political subdivisions securities generally are municipal obligations that are general obligations supported by the general taxing authority of the issuer, and in some cases are insured. The obligations issued by school districts are supported by state aid. Primarily, these investments are issued by municipalities within New York State.

The Company’s current securities investment strategy utilizes a risk management approach of diversified investing among three categories: short-, intermediate- and long-term. The emphasis of this approach is to increase overall investment securities yields while managing interest rate risk. The Company will only invest in high quality securities as determined by management’s analysis at the time of purchase. The Company does not engage in any derivative or hedging transactions, such as interest rate swaps or caps.

Securities at June 30, 2018 consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	5,543	$	18	$	30	$	5,531
State and political subdivisions		92,052		204		1		92,255
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		3,332		13		98		3,247
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		18,249		64		244		18,069
Corporate debt securities		1,771		-		67		1,704
Total debt securities		120,947		299		440		120,806
Equity securities		62		155		-		217
Total securities available-for-sale		121,009		454		440		121,023
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		9,245		-		278		8,967
State and political subdivisions		136,335		3,091		532		138,894
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		6,472		72		7		6,537
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		118,780		123		2,845		116,058
Corporate debt securities		1,466		11		9		1,468
Other securities		2,252		16		15		2,253
Total securities held-to-maturity		274,550		3,313		3,686		274,177
Total securities	$	395,559	$	3,767	$	4,126	$	395,200

Securities at June 30, 2017 consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	4,566	$	151	$	-	$	4,717
State and political subdivisions		57,885		227		-		58,112
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		4,868		72		27		4,913
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		20,344		483		62		20,765
Asset-backed securities		1		-		-		1
Corporate debt securities		2,765		29		3		2,791
Total debt securities		90,429		962		92		91,299
Equity securities		62		122		-		184
Total securities available-for-sale		90,491		1,084		92		91,483
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		6,000		-		53		5,947
State and political subdivisions		115,805		3,434		95		119,144
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		10,798		274		2		11,070
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		88,702		1,259		199		89,762
Corporate debt securities		1,000		-		5		995
Other securities		1,525		21		12		1,534
Total securities held-to-maturity		223,830		4,988		366		228,452
Total securities	$	314,321	$	6,072	$	458	$	319,935

The following table shows fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at June 30, 2018.

	Less Than 12 Months						More Than 12 Months						Total
(In thousands, except number of securities)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	969	$	30		1	$	-	$	-		-	$	969	$	30		1
State and political subdivisions		2,094		1		4		-		-		-		2,094		1		4
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		2,420		98		3		-		-		-		2,420		98		3
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		9,177		244		7		-		-		-		9,177		244		7
Corporate debt securities		1,450		65		6		254		2		1		1,704		67		7
Total securities available-for-sale		16,110		438		21		254		2		1		16,364		440		22
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		7,018		227		1		1,949		51		1		8,967		278		2
State and political subdivisions		34,743		434		167		4,352		98		34		39,095		532		201
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		1,403		7		3		-		-		-		1,403		7		3
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		94,927		2,586		45		6,398		259		3		101,325		2,845		48
Corporate debt securities		457		9		1		-		-		-		457		9		1
Other securities		892		14		1		75		1		1		967		15		2
Total securities held-to-maturity		139,440		3,277		218		12,774		409		39		152,214		3,686		257
Total securities	$	155,550	$	3,715		239	$	13,028	$	411		40	$	168,578	$	4,126		279

	Less Than 12 Months						More Than 12 Months						Total
(In thousands, except number of securities)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
Securities available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities-residential	$	1,164	$	27		1	$	-	$	-		-	$	1,164	$	27		1
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		6,488		62		4		-		-		-		6,488		62		4
Corporate debt securities		760		3		2		-		-		-		760		3		2
Total securities available for sale		8,412		92		7		-		-		-		8,412		92		7
Securities held to maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		5,947		53		2		-		-		-		5,947		53		2
State and political subdivisions		8,976		76		64		514		19		6		9,490		95		70
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		1,864		2		1		-		-		-		1,864		2		1
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		23,823		199		15		-		-		-		23,823		199		15
Corporate debt securities		995		5		1		-		-		-		995		5		1
Other securities		467		11		1		74		1		1		541		12		2
Total securities held to maturity		42,072		346		84		588		20		7		42,660		366		91
Total securities	$	50,484	$	438		91	$	588	$	20		7	$	51,072	$	458		98

Management evaluated these securities considering the factors as outlined in Note 1 of these consolidated financial statements, and based on this evaluation, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at June 30, 2018. Management believes that the reasons for the decline in fair value are due to interest rates, widening credit spreads and market illiquidity at the reporting date.

There were no transfers of securities available-for-sale to held-to-maturity during the year ended June 30, 2018 or 2017. During the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no sales of securities and no gains or losses were recognized. There were no other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized during the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

The estimated fair values of debt securities at June 30, 2018, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities, because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

(In thousands)

Available-for-sale debt securities	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	$	92,308	$	92,509
After one year through five years		4,544		4,562
After five years through ten years		2,514		2,419
After ten years		-		-
Total available-for-sale debt securities		99,366		99,490
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities		21,581		21,316
Equity securities		62		217
Total available-for-sale securities		121,009		121,023

Held-to-maturity debt securities
Within one year		25,649		25,808
After one year through five years		61,602		62,320
After five years through ten years		44,811		45,185
After ten years		17,236		18,269
Total held-to-maturity debt securities		149,298		151,582
Mortgage-backed		125,252		122,595
Total held-to-maturity securities		274,550		274,177
Total securities	$	395,559	$	395,200

As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, securities with an aggregate fair value of $383.0 million and $305.7 million were pledged as collateral for deposits in excess of FDIC insurance limits for various municipalities placing deposits with Greene County Commercial Bank. As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, securities with an aggregate fair value of $1.7 million and $2.8 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window. Greene County Bancorp, Inc. did not participate in any securities lending programs during the years ended June 30, 2018 or 2017.