(4)	Securities

Securities at December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	4,597	$	190	$	-	$	4,787
State and political subdivisions		53,113		7		-		53,120
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		7,046		114		25		7,135
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		23,108		589		11		23,686
Asset-backed securities		6		-		1		5
Corporate debt securities		4,537		175		9		4,703
Total debt securities		92,407		1,075		46		93,436
Equity securities		62		84		-		146
Total securities available-for-sale		92,469		1,159		46		93,582
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		2,000		-		45		1,955
State and political subdivisions		90,038		3,371		29		93,380
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		14,582		598		-		15,180
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		68,216		1,083		450		68,849
Corporate debt securities		1,000		-		-		1,000
Other securities		1,718		-		19		1,699
Total securities held-to-maturity		177,554		5,052		543		182,063
Total securities	$	270,023	$	6,211	$	589	$	275,645

Securities at June 30, 2015 consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	7,608	$	247	$	-	$	7,855
State and political subdivisions		39,574		9		1		39,582
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		7,797		155		10		7,942
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		25,291		486		42		25,735
Asset-backed securities		10		-		1		9
Corporate debt securities		4,544		242		12		4,774
Total debt securities		84,824		1,139		66		85,897
Equity securities		62		75		-		137
Total securities available-for-sale		84,886		1,214		66		86,034
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		2,000		-		49		1,951
State and political subdivisions		81,501		2,137		187		83,451
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		17,468		768		-		18,236
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		67,239		990		665		67,564
Other securities		792		-		18		774
Total securities held-to-maturity		169,000		3,895		919		171,976
Total securities	$	253,886	$	5,109	$	985	$	258,010

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s current policies generally limit securities investments to U.S. Government and securities of government sponsored enterprises, federal funds sold, municipal bonds, corporate debt obligations and certain mutual funds. In addition, the Company’s policies permit investments in mortgage-backed securities, including securities issued and guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and GNMA, and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by these entities. As of December 31, 2015, all mortgage-backed securities including collateralized mortgage obligations were securities of government sponsored enterprises, no private-label mortgage-backed securities or collateralized mortgage obligations were held in the securities portfolio. The Company’s investments in state and political subdivisions securities generally are municipal obligations that are general obligations supported by the general taxing authority of the issuer, and in some cases are insured. The obligations issued by school districts are supported by state aid. Primarily, these investments are issued by municipalities within New York State.

The following table shows fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2015.

	Less Than 12 Months						More Than 12 Months						Total
(In thousands, except number of securities)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
Securities available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities-residential	$	-	$	-		-	$	1,492	$	25		1	$	1,492	$	25		1
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		-		-		-		2,613		11		2		2,613		11		2
Asset-backed securities		-		-		-		5		1		1		5		1		1
Corporate debt securities		-		-		-		764		9		2		764		9		2
Total securities available-for-sale		-		-		-		4,874		46		6		4,874		46		6
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		-		-		-		1,955		45		1		1,955		45		1
State and political subdivisions		647		3		7		2,514		26		13		3,161		29		20
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		7,117		66		2		30,773		384		7		37,890		450		9
Other securities		581		3		2		537		16		2		1,118		19		4
Total securities held-to-maturity		8,345		72		11		35,779		471		23		44,124		543		34
Total securities	$	8,345	$	72		11	$	40,653	$	517		29	$	48,998	$	589		40

	Less Than 12 Months						More Than 12 Months						Total
(In thousands, except number of securities)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
Securities available-for-sale:
State and political subdivisions	$	799	$	1		1	$	-	$	-			$	799	$	1		1
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		-		-		-		1,630		10		1		1,630		10		1
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		2,023		26		1		753		16		1		2,776		42		2
Asset-backed securities		-		-		-		9		1		1		9		1		1
Corporate debt securities		273		2		1		491		10		2		764		12		3
Total securities available-for-sale		3,095		29		3		2,883		37		5		5,978		66		8
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		-		-		-		1,951		49		1		1,951		49		1
State and political subdivisions		11,171		143		49		1,221		44		9		12,392		187		58
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		14,464		100		4		28,187		565		6		42,651		665		10
Other securities		334		11		1		202		7		1		536		18		2
Total securities held-to-maturity		25,969		254		54		31,561		665		17		57,530		919		71
Total securities	$	29,064	$	283		57	$	34,444	$	702		22	$	63,508	$	985		79

When the fair value of a held-to-maturity or available-for-sale security is less than its amortized cost basis, an assessment is made as to whether other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) is present. The Company considers numerous factors when determining whether a potential OTTI exists and the period over which the debt security is expected to recover. The principal factors considered are (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost basis, (2) the financial condition of the issuer (and guarantor, if any) and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, industry or geographic area, (3) failure of the issuer of the security to make scheduled interest or principal payments, (4) any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and (5) the presence of credit enhancements, if any, including the guarantee of the federal government or any of its agencies.

For debt securities, OTTI is considered to have occurred if (1) the Company intends to sell the security, (2) it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, or (3) if the present value of expected cash flows is not sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis. In determining the present value of expected cash flows, the Company discounts the expected cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the security at the date of acquisition. In estimating cash flows expected to be collected, the Company uses available information with respect to security prepayment speeds, default rates and severity. In determining whether OTTI has occurred for equity securities, the Company considers the applicable factors described above and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

For debt securities, credit-related OTTI is recognized in income while noncredit related OTTI on securities not expected to be sold is recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Credit-related OTTI is measured as the difference between the present value of an impaired security’s expected cash flows and its amortized cost basis. Noncredit-related OTTI is measured as the difference between the fair value of the security and its amortized cost less any credit-related losses recognized. For securities classified as held-to-maturity, the amount of OTTI recognized in OCI is accreted to the credit-adjusted expected cash flow amounts of the securities over future periods. For equity securities, the entire amount of OTTI is recognized in income. Management evaluated securities considering the factors as outlined above, and based on this evaluation the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2015. Management believes that the reasons for the decline in fair value are due to interest rates and widening credit spreads at the end of the quarter.

During the six and three months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, there were no sales of securities and no gains or losses were recognized. There was no other-than-temporary impairment loss recognized during the six and three months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

The estimated fair values of debt securities at December 31, 2015, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities, because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

(In thousands)

Available-for-sale debt securities	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	$	54,068	$	54,113
After one year through five years		8,179		8,497
After five years through ten years		-		-
After ten years		-		-
Total available-for-sale debt securities		62,247		62,610
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities		30,160		30,826
Equity securities		62		146
Total available-for-sale securities		92,469		93,582

Held-to-maturity debt securities
Within one year		12,908		13,128
After one year through five years		51,013		52,355
After five years through ten years		22,290		23,308
After ten years		8,545		9,243
Total held-to-maturity debt securities		94,756		98,034
Mortgage-backed		82,798		84,029
Total held-to-maturity securities		177,554		182,063
Total securities	$	270,023	$	275,645

As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, respectively, securities with an aggregate fair value of $245.9 million and $223.1 million were pledged as collateral for deposits in excess of FDIC insurance limits for various municipalities placing deposits with Greene County Commercial Bank. As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, securities with an aggregate fair value of $4.7 million and $4.8 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window. Greene County Bancorp, Inc. did not participate in any securities lending programs during the quarters ended December 31, 2015 or 2014.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

Federal law requires a member institution of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system to hold stock of its district FHLB according to a predetermined formula. This stock is restricted in that it can only be sold to the FHLB or to another member institution, and all sales of FHLB stock must be at par. As a result of these restrictions, FHLB stock is carried at cost. FHLB stock is held as a long-term investment and its value is determined based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. Impairment of this investment is evaluated quarterly and is a matter of judgment that reflects management’s view of the FHLB’s long-term performance, which includes factors such as the following: its operating performance; the severity and duration of declines in the fair value of its net assets related to its capital stock amount; its commitment to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to its operating performance; the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on the FHLB, and accordingly, on the members of the FHLB; and its liquidity and funding position. After evaluating these considerations, Greene County Bancorp, Inc. concluded that the par value of its investment in FHLB stock will be recovered and, therefore, no other-than-temporary impairment charge was recorded during the six and three months ended December 31, 2015 or 2014.