SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

(a) Cash and Cash Equivalents.

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original or remaining maturity of less than three months at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any cash equivalents.

Term Deposits

(b) Term Deposits.

The Company has four term deposits that are maintained by commercials banks. The first term deposit is for $303,954 and matures in February 2025. This deposit pays 3% interest and if withdrawn before maturity, a penalty may be applied. The second term deposit is for $742,834, matures in March 2025 and pays interest at a rate of 2.65%. If withdrawn before maturity, the greater of the loss of accrued interest or $150, plus 1% of the principal shall be levied. The third term deposit is for $1,038,721 and matures in March 2025. This deposit pays 2.5% and if withdrawn before maturity, the greater of the loss of accrued interest or $150, plus 1% of the principal shall be levied. The fourth term deposit is for $315,407, matures in February 2025 and pays interest at a rate of 3%. If withdrawn before maturity, a penalty may be applied.

Inventories and Cost of Sales

(c) Inventories and Cost of Sales.

The Company has three major classes of inventory: completed goods, work in progress and raw materials and supplies. In all classes inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out basis or weighted average cost formula to inventories in different subsidiaries. Cost of sales includes all expenditures incurred in bringing the goods to the point of sale. Inventory costs and costs of sales include direct costs of the raw material, inbound freight charges, warehousing costs, handling costs (receiving and purchasing) and utilities and overhead expenses related to the Company’s manufacturing and processing facilities. Shipping and handling charges billed to customers are included in revenue (2024 - $473,843; 2023 - $522,033). Shipping and handling costs incurred are included in cost of goods sold (2024 - $895,463; 2023 - $944,811).

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

(d) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.

The Company’s expected credit losses are determined through a review using historical credit loss experience; changes in asset specific characteristics, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable future forecasts, among other specific account data, and is performed at least quarterly. The Company develops and documents its methodology to determine its allowance for expected credit losses. Risk characteristics used by the Company may include customer mix, knowledge of customers and general economic conditions of the various local economics, among others. Specific account balances are written off when management determines the amounts to be uncollectible. Management has reviewed the balance reserved through the allowance for expected losses and believes it is reasonable.

Property, Equipment, Leaseholds and Intangible Assets

(e) Property, Equipment, Leaseholds and Intangible Assets.

The following assets are recorded at cost and depreciated using the methods and annual rates shown below:

Manufacturing equipment	20% Declining balance
Office equipment	20% Declining balance
Building and improvements	10% Declining balance
Automobiles	Straight-line over 5 years
Technology	Straight-line over 10 years

The Company capitalizes expenditures for improvements that significantly extend the useful life of an asset. The Company recognizes a gain (loss) on a sale of property, equipment, leaseholds and intangible assets based upon the proceeds received on the sale less the net carrying value of the asset. The Company charges expenditures for maintenance and repairs to operations when incurred.

mpairment of Long-Lived Assets

(f) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets.

Property, Equipment, Leasehold, and Definite-lived Intangible Assets:

The Company reviews the carrying amount of our property, equipment, leasehold, and definite-lived intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. We measure recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows that the assets or asset group are expected to generate. If the carrying value of the assets or asset group are not recoverable, impairment is measured and recognized as the amount by which the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is generally determined based on discounted future cash flows.

Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets:

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually by the Company on December 31 or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level using a two-step process which includes a qualitative and quantitative assessment. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment by comparing their fair value to their carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in the period it is identified. The Company determines fair value using appropriate valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flow models and market-based approaches, which incorporate assumptions regarding future performance, growth rates, discount rates, and other relevant factors. Any impairment losses recognized are recorded as an expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Foreign Currency

(g) Foreign Currency.

The functional currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of three of the Company’s subsidiaries is the Canadian dollar. The translation of the Canadian dollar to the reporting currency of the Company, the U.S. dollar, is performed for assets and liabilities using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expense transactions are translated using average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments arising on conversion of the Company’s financial statements from the subsidiary’s functional currency, Canadian dollars, into the reporting currency, U.S. dollars, are excluded from the determination of income (loss) and are disclosed as other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Foreign exchange gains and losses relating to transactions not denominated in the applicable local currency are included in operating income (loss) if realized during the year and in comprehensive income (loss) if they remain unrealized at the end of the year.

Revenue Recognition

(h) Revenue Recognition.

The Company generates revenue primarily from energy and water conservation products and biodegradable polymers, as further discussed in Note 17.

The Company follows a five-step model for revenue recognition. The five steps are: (1) identification of the contract(s) with the customer, (2) identification of the performance obligation(s) in the contract(s), (3) determination of the transaction price, (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligation, and (5) recognition of revenue when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company has fulfilled its performance obligations when control transfers to the customer, which is generally at the time the product is shipped since risk of loss is transferred to the purchaser upon delivery to the carrier. For shipments which are free-on-board shipping point, the Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost rather than as an additional promised service and performance obligation.

Since the Company’s inception, product returns have been insignificant; therefore, no provision has been established for estimated product returns.

Deferred revenues consist of products sold to distributors with payment terms greater than the Company’s customary business terms due to lack of credit history or operating in a new market in which the Company has no prior experience. The Company defers the recognition of revenue until the criteria for revenue recognition has been met and payments become due or cash is received from these distributors.

Stock Issued in Exchange for Services

(i) Stock Issued in Exchange for Services.

The Company’s common stock issued in exchange for services is valued at fair value based upon trading prices of the Company’s common stock on the dates of the stock transactions. The corresponding expense of the services rendered is recognized over the period that the services are performed.

Stock-based Compensation

(j) Stock-based Compensation.

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized for equity awards granted to employees, directors and other eligible participants based on the fair value of the awards at the grant date. For stock options, fair value is estimated using an appropriate valuation model such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of stock options is recognized as an expense of the requisite service period, typically the vesting period, using the graded-vesting method. The Company estimates expensed forfeitures based on historical data and adjusts stock-based compensation expenses accordingly. Shares are issued from Treasury upon exercise of stock options.

Other Comprehensive Income

(k) Other Comprehensive Income.

Other comprehensive income refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that under generally accepted accounting principles are included in comprehensive income, but are excluded from net income as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to stockholders’ equity. The Company’s other comprehensive income is comprised only of unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses related to the translation of subsidiaries’ functional currency into the reporting currency.

Income Per Share

(l) Income Per Share.

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding in the period. Diluted earnings per share are calculated giving effect to the potential dilution of the exercise of options and warrants. Common equivalent shares, composed of incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants are included in diluted net income per share to the extent that these shares are dilutive. Common equivalent shares that have an anti-dilutive effect on net income per share have been excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Use of Estimates

(m) Use of Estimates.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and would impact the results of operations and cash flows.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed at each period end. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates include assumptions and estimates relating to the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, valuation of assets acquired at fair value, asset impairment analysis, share-based payments, valuation allowances for deferred income tax assets, determination of useful lives of property, equipment and leaseholds and intangible assets, recoverability of accounts receivable, recoverability of investments, discount rates for right of use assets and the costing and recoverable value of inventory.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

(n) Fair Value of Financial Instruments.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs described below, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value.

● Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity which is significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The fair values of cash, term deposits, investments and the line of credit for all periods presented approximate their respective carrying amounts due to the short term nature of these financial instruments.

The fair value of the long term debt for all periods presented approximate their respective carrying amounts due to these financial instruments being at market rates.

Contingencies

(o) Contingencies.

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the consolidated financial statements are issued which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and its legal counsel assess such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potential material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed.

Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. Legal fees associated with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. The Company is not aware of any contingencies at the date of these consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

(p) Income Taxes.

Income taxes are computed by multiplying the Company’s taxable net income by the Company’s effective tax rates. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss carry-forwards, if any. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the carrying amount of deferred income tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized.

It is the Company’s policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. At December 31, 2024, the Company believes it has appropriately accounted for any unrecognized tax benefits.

To the extent the Company prevails in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized benefit is established or is required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, the Company’s effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected. Interest and penalties associated with the Company’s tax positions are recorded as interest expense in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Risk Management

(q) Risk Management.

The Company’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its accounts receivable. The amounts presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are net of allowances for doubtful accounts, estimated by the Company’s management based on prior experience and the current economic environment. The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-payment by customers. Credit exposure is minimized by dealing with only credit worthy counterparties. Revenue for the Company’s three primary customers totaled $20,779,311 (54%) for the year ended December 31, 2024 (2023 - $20,482,798 or 53%). Accounts receivable for the Company’s three primary customers totaled $7,585,199 (65%) at December 31, 2024 (2023 - $6,561,164 or 67%).

The credit risk on cash is limited because the Company limits its exposure to credit loss by placing its cash with major financial institutions. The Company maintains cash balances at financial institutions which at times exceed federally insured amounts. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk to the extent that market value rate fluctuations materially differ for financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.

In order to manage its exposure to foreign exchange risks, the Company closely monitors the fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rates and the impact on the value of cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The Company has not hedged its exposure to currency fluctuations.

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk to the extent that the fair value or future cash flows for financial liabilities will fluctuate as a result of changes in market interest rates. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its long-term debt subject to fixed long-term interest rates.

In order to manage its exposure to interest rate risk, the Company closely monitors fluctuations in market interest risks and will refinance its long-term debt where possible to obtain more favourable rates.

Leases

(r) Leases.

Leases are evaluated and classified as either operating or finance leases by the lessee and as either operating, sales-type or direct financing leases by the lessor. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, the Company records the related right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease obligation at the present value of lease payments over the term. Leases may include fixed rental escalation clauses, renewal options and / or termination options that are factored into the determination of lease payments when appropriate. The Company’s operating leases are included in ROU assets, lease liabilities-current portion and lease liability-long term portion in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The Company’s leases do not usually provide a readily determinable implicit rate; therefore, an estimate of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate is used to discount the lease payments based on information available at the lease commencement date.

Investments

(s) Investments.

Investment, at cost

The Company accounts for investments in equity securities that do not have a readily determinable fair value using the cost method. These investments are initially recorded at cost and are not subsequently remeasured unless impaired. Dividends received from cost-method investments are recognized as income when declared, provided they do not represent a return of capital. The Company evaluates these investments for impairment at each reporting period based on qualitative factors, such as financial condition, operational performance, and general market conditions affecting the investee. If an investment is determined to be impaired and the impairment is considered other than temporary, the carrying amount is reduced to its estimated recoverable value, with the impairment loss recognized in earnings.

Investment, equity method

The Company accounts for investments in entities over which it has significant influence, but not control, using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recorded at cost, and the carrying amount is subsequently adjusted for the Company’s share of the investee’s income, losses, and dividends received. When a portion of an equity-method investment is sold, the Company recognizes a gain or loss on the sale based on the difference between the carrying amount of the investment sold and the proceeds received. The Company adjusts the carrying amount of the remaining investment based on its proportionate share of the investee’s equity after the sale. The Company assesses its equity-method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of an equity-method investment exceeds its recoverable amount, an impairment loss is recognized.

Reclassification

(t) Reclassification.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2024 financial statements presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on net income, cash flows, or stockholders’ equity as previously reported.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

(u) Goodwill and Intangible Assets.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units at the date of acquisition and is not amortized but is subject to periodic impairment testing. The carrying amount of goodwill is adjusted only in the event of impairment or upon the disposal of a business.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are recorded at cost, while those acquired in a business combination are recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date. Intangible assets are classified into the following categories:

● Definite-Lived Intangible Assets – These assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis or another systematic basis that better reflects the pattern of consumption of economic benefits. The estimated useful lives of these assets are reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments are necessary.

● Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets – Certain intangible assets are classified as indefinite-lived when there is no foreseeable limit to the period over which they are expected to contribute to cash flows. These assets are not amortized but are subject to periodic evaluation to confirm their classification remains appropriate.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

(v) Recent Accounting Pronouncements.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07 (Topic 280) Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The new guidance requires disclosure of significant segment expenses that are (1) regularly provided to or easily computed from information regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and (2) included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. The new standard also allows companies to disclose multiple measures of segment profit or loss if those measures are used to assess performance and allocate resources. We adopted this guidance which resulted in additional required disclosures included in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024 and segment disclosure for the comparative year ended December 31, 2023 were modified retrospectively to include the new requirements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The new guidance is intended to enhance annual income tax disclosures to address investor requests for more information about the tax risks and opportunities present in an entity’s operations. The amendments in this standard require disclosure of additional information in specified categories with respect to the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory rate (the rate reconciliation) for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. They also require greater detail about individual reconciling items in the rate reconciliation to the extent the impact of those items exceeds a specified threshold. In addition to new disclosures associated with the rate reconciliation, the amendments in this update require information pertaining to taxes paid (net of refunds received) to be disaggregated for federal, state, and foreign taxes and further disaggregated for specific jurisdictions to the extent the related amounts exceed a quantitative threshold. The amendments in this update are effective on January 1, 2025 for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and has not early adopted the standard.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires disclosure about the types of costs and expenses included in certain expense captions presented on the income statement. The new disclosure requirements are effective for the Company’s annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the ASU to determine its impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements.