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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

The financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At each reporting period, the Company reviews the assets and liabilities that are subject to ASC 815-40. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments which trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are classified as Level 3. The valuation methodologies used for the Company’s financial instruments measured on a recurring basis at fair value, including the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth in the tables below.

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2022.


	As of December 31, 2022				Fair Value Measurements As of December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Money Market Funds in Cash Equivalents	$	1,829,218	$	1,829,218	$	1,829,218	$	—	$	—

Liabilities:
Debt:
Marathon Convertible Notes	$	6,360,600	$	6,360,600	$	—	$	—	$	6,360,600
Original Term Loan	$	5,567,231	$	5,567,231	$	—	$	—	$	5,567,231
	$	11,927,831	$	11,927,831	$	—	$	—	$	11,927,831

A lattice-based model was used to estimate the fair value of the Marathon Convertible Notes at December 31, 2022. The lattice model utilizes a “decision tree,” whereby future movement in the Company’s common stock price is estimated based on a volatility factor. Additionally, the Company included in its decision tree, when relevant, a probability assessment of the approval of ACER-001 and the resulting impact of such an event. The Company classified the fair value of the Marathon Convertible Notes as a Level 3 measurement due to the lack of observable market data. The lattice model requires the development and use of assumptions, including the Company’s stock price volatility returns, an appropriate risk-free interest rate, default intensity rate, and expected recovery rate given default.

The Company updated its estimate of fair value of the Original Term Loan based on the probability-weighted net present value of future cash flows at December 31, 2022.

The significant unobservable inputs used in calculating the fair value of the Marathon Convertible Notes and Original Term Loan represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. Any significant changes in the inputs described herein may result in significantly higher or lower fair value measurements. The Company recognized a decrease in the fair value of the Original Term Loan of $0.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 through non-operating income in the statement of operations as “Changes in fair value of debt instruments gain (loss)”. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized an increase in the fair value of the Marathon Convertible Notes of $0.4 million through non-operating income in the statement of operations. The Company recognized $0.3 million of accrued interest in connection with the Marathon Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2022 for the interest accrued on the notes since the date of

issuance and payable as of this date in cash, now that it is allowable under the subordination agreement with the receipt of approval of OLPRUVATM.

The following table describes changes in debt recorded at fair value in the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.


	December 31, 2021		Loan Received		Payments		Accrued interest expense		Adjustment to Fair Value Mark to Market			December 31, 2022
Marathon Convertible Notes (1)	$	—	$	6,000,000	$	—	$	313,068	$	47,532		$	6,360,600
Original Term Loan		—		6,172,969		—		—		(605,738	)		5,567,231
	$	—	$	12,172,969	$	—	$	313,068	$	(558,206	)	$	11,927,831

(1) Marathon Convertible Notes were recorded as $0.3 million in accrued interest expenses and $6.0 million in convertible note payable, at fair value in the Company’s balance sheet at December 31, 2022.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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