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Securities (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Schedule of Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale
The following tables present the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses, and fair value by major categories of AFS and HTM debt securities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
December 31, 2025
($ in thousands)
Amortized Cost (1)
Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesAllowance for Credit LossesFair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$1,010,053 $837 $(16,977)$— $993,913 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities287,687 — (30,033)— 257,654 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (2):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities292,564 86 (27,312)— 265,338 
Residential mortgage-backed securities10,251,714 68,588 (187,649)— 10,132,653 
Municipal securities
277,275 20 (34,193)— 243,102 
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities214,987 — (22,139)(1,900)190,948 
Residential mortgage-backed securities452,208 — (58,421)— 393,787 
Corporate debt securities554,158 6 (89,183)— 464,981 
Foreign government bonds247,249 437 (9,231)— 238,455 
Asset-backed securities31,886 — (497)— 31,389 
Total AFS debt securities13,619,781 69,974 (475,635)(1,900)13,212,220 
HTM debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities540,666 — (15,779)— 524,887 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities1,007,055 — (146,921)— 860,134 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (3):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities474,747 — (69,471)— 405,276 
Residential mortgage-backed securities662,127 — (124,176)— 537,951 
Municipal securities185,463 — (33,965)— 151,498 
Total HTM debt securities2,870,058 — (390,312)— 2,479,746 
Total debt securities$16,489,839 $69,974 $(865,947)$(1,900)$15,691,966 
December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)
Amortized Cost (1)
Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$676,300 $— $(38,035)$638,265 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities308,220 — (45,633)262,587 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (2):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities472,535 886 (47,207)426,214 
Residential mortgage-backed securities7,974,768 12,278 (248,786)7,738,260 
Municipal securities287,301 38 (37,186)250,153 
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities294,235 2 (35,767)258,470 
Residential mortgage-backed securities514,527 — 

(80,919)433,608 
Corporate debt securities653,500 — (127,334)526,166 
Foreign government bonds244,803 2,069 (12,992)233,880 
Asset-backed securities35,086 — (371)34,715 
CLOs44,500 — (7)44,493 
Total AFS debt securities11,505,775 15,273 (674,237)10,846,811 
HTM debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities535,080 — (35,222)499,858 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities1,004,479 — (200,259)804,220 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (3):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities486,388 — (91,461)394,927 
Residential mortgage-backed securities703,833 — (155,626)548,207 
Municipal securities187,633 — (47,091)140,542 
Total HTM debt securities2,917,413 — (529,659)2,387,754 
Total debt securities$14,423,188 $15,273 $(1,203,896)$13,234,565 
(1)Amortized cost excludes accrued interest receivables, which are included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the accrued interest receivables were $54 million and $45 million, respectively. For the Company’s accounting policy related to debt securities’ accrued interest receivables, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Significant Accounting Policies — Allowance for Credit Losses on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities and Allowance for Credit Losses on Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K.
(2)Includes GNMA AFS debt securities totaling $9.6 billion of both amortized cost and fair value as of December 31, 2025, and $7.3 billion of amortized cost and $7.2 billion of fair value as of December 31, 2024.
(3)Includes GNMA HTM debt securities totaling $79 million of amortized cost and $65 million of fair value as of December 31, 2025, and $86 million of amortized cost and $68 million of fair value as of December 31, 2024.
Schedule of Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity
The following tables present the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses, and fair value by major categories of AFS and HTM debt securities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
December 31, 2025
($ in thousands)
Amortized Cost (1)
Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesAllowance for Credit LossesFair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$1,010,053 $837 $(16,977)$— $993,913 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities287,687 — (30,033)— 257,654 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (2):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities292,564 86 (27,312)— 265,338 
Residential mortgage-backed securities10,251,714 68,588 (187,649)— 10,132,653 
Municipal securities
277,275 20 (34,193)— 243,102 
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities214,987 — (22,139)(1,900)190,948 
Residential mortgage-backed securities452,208 — (58,421)— 393,787 
Corporate debt securities554,158 6 (89,183)— 464,981 
Foreign government bonds247,249 437 (9,231)— 238,455 
Asset-backed securities31,886 — (497)— 31,389 
Total AFS debt securities13,619,781 69,974 (475,635)(1,900)13,212,220 
HTM debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities540,666 — (15,779)— 524,887 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities1,007,055 — (146,921)— 860,134 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (3):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities474,747 — (69,471)— 405,276 
Residential mortgage-backed securities662,127 — (124,176)— 537,951 
Municipal securities185,463 — (33,965)— 151,498 
Total HTM debt securities2,870,058 — (390,312)— 2,479,746 
Total debt securities$16,489,839 $69,974 $(865,947)$(1,900)$15,691,966 
December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)
Amortized Cost (1)
Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$676,300 $— $(38,035)$638,265 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities308,220 — (45,633)262,587 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (2):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities472,535 886 (47,207)426,214 
Residential mortgage-backed securities7,974,768 12,278 (248,786)7,738,260 
Municipal securities287,301 38 (37,186)250,153 
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities294,235 2 (35,767)258,470 
Residential mortgage-backed securities514,527 — 

(80,919)433,608 
Corporate debt securities653,500 — (127,334)526,166 
Foreign government bonds244,803 2,069 (12,992)233,880 
Asset-backed securities35,086 — (371)34,715 
CLOs44,500 — (7)44,493 
Total AFS debt securities11,505,775 15,273 (674,237)10,846,811 
HTM debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities535,080 — (35,222)499,858 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities1,004,479 — (200,259)804,220 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (3):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities486,388 — (91,461)394,927 
Residential mortgage-backed securities703,833 — (155,626)548,207 
Municipal securities187,633 — (47,091)140,542 
Total HTM debt securities2,917,413 — (529,659)2,387,754 
Total debt securities$14,423,188 $15,273 $(1,203,896)$13,234,565 
(1)Amortized cost excludes accrued interest receivables, which are included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the accrued interest receivables were $54 million and $45 million, respectively. For the Company’s accounting policy related to debt securities’ accrued interest receivables, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Significant Accounting Policies — Allowance for Credit Losses on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities and Allowance for Credit Losses on Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K.
(2)Includes GNMA AFS debt securities totaling $9.6 billion of both amortized cost and fair value as of December 31, 2025, and $7.3 billion of amortized cost and $7.2 billion of fair value as of December 31, 2024.
(3)Includes GNMA HTM debt securities totaling $79 million of amortized cost and $65 million of fair value as of December 31, 2025, and $86 million of amortized cost and $68 million of fair value as of December 31, 2024.
Schedule of Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value
The following tables present the fair value and the associated gross unrealized losses of the Company’s AFS debt securities, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
December 31, 2025
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
($ in thousands)Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$323,019 $(1,627)$575,638 $(15,350)$898,657 $(16,977)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities— — 257,654 (30,033)257,654 (30,033)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities— — 256,503 (27,312)256,503 (27,312)
Residential mortgage-backed securities1,052,833 (5,480)1,582,952 (182,169)2,635,785 (187,649)
Municipal securities— — 237,214 (34,193)237,214 (34,193)
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities— — 190,948 (22,139)190,948 (22,139)
Residential mortgage-backed securities— — 393,787 (58,421)393,787 (58,421)
Corporate debt securities— — 454,975 (89,183)454,975 (89,183)
Foreign government bonds— — 90,769 (9,231)90,769 (9,231)
Asset-backed securities— — 31,389 (497)31,389 (497)
Total AFS debt securities$1,375,852 $(7,107)$4,071,829 $(468,528)$5,447,681 $(475,635)
December 31, 2024
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
($ in thousands)Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$— $— $638,265 $(38,035)$638,265 $(38,035)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities— — 262,587 (45,633)262,587 (45,633)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities2,741 (30)377,756 (47,177)380,497 (47,207)
Residential mortgage-backed securities2,719,228 (16,404)1,528,252 (232,382)4,247,480 (248,786)
Municipal securities2,763 (95)245,360 (37,091)248,123 (37,186)
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities10,767 (332)235,668 (35,435)246,435 (35,767)
Residential mortgage-backed securities— — 433,608 (80,919)433,608 (80,919)
Corporate debt securities— — 526,166 (127,334)526,166 (127,334)
Foreign government bonds— — 87,008 (12,992)87,008 (12,992)
Asset-backed securities— — 34,715 (371)34,715 (371)
CLOs— — 44,493 (7)44,493 (7)
Total AFS debt securities$2,735,499 $(16,861)$4,413,878 $(657,376)$7,149,377 $(674,237)
Schedule of the Gross Realized Gains and Tax Expense, Available-for-Sale
The following table presents the gross realized gains from the sales of AFS debt securities (pre-tax), credit losses, the impairment write-off of AFS debt securities, and the related tax (benefit) expense included in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)202520242023
Gross realized gains from sales (1)
$963 $2,069 $3,138 
Credit losses$(1,900)$— $— 
Impairment write-off (1)
$— $— $(10,000)
Related tax (benefit) expense
$(277)$612 $(2,029)
(1)During 2023, the Company recognized $7 million in net losses on AFS securities as a component of Noninterest income in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income, consisting of a $10 million impairment write-off on a subordinated debt security, partially offset by a $3 million gain on the sale of the same security.
Schedule of Composition of Interest Income on Debt Securities
The following table presents the composition of interest income on debt securities for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)202520242023
Taxable interest$607,311 $429,003 $255,475 
Nontaxable interest14,626 20,062 20,715 
Total interest income on debt securities$621,937 $449,065 $276,190 
Schedule of Contractual Maturities of AFS and HTM Debt Securities
The following tables present the contractual maturities, amortized cost, fair value and weighted-average yields of AFS and HTM debt securities as of December 31, 2025. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities on certain securities as the issuers and borrowers of the underlying collateral may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
($ in thousands)Within One Year
After One Year through Five Years
After Five Years through Ten Years After Ten Years Total
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities
Amortized cost$440,969 $472,570 $96,514 $— $1,010,053 
Fair value432,148 465,270 96,495 — 993,913 
Weighted-average yield (1)
1.11%2.75%3.84%—%2.14%
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities
Amortized cost— 26,677 203,514 57,496 287,687 
Fair value— 26,256 182,396 49,002 257,654 
Weighted-average yield (1)
—%1.58%2.07%2.16%2.04%
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost— 53,961 98,540 10,391,777 10,544,278 
Fair value— 52,339 91,020 10,254,632 10,397,991 
Weighted-average yield (1) (2)
—%2.82%2.83%4.79%4.76%
Municipal securities
Amortized cost7,300 19,206 22,614 228,155 277,275 
Fair value7,219 18,679 19,438 197,766 243,102 
Weighted-average yield (1) (2)
1.15%2.50%2.40%2.26%2.26%
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost— 1,324 — 665,871 667,195 
Fair value— 1,320 — 583,415 584,735 
Weighted-average yield (1)
—%3.35%—%2.28%2.28%
Corporate debt securities
Amortized cost15,158 26,500 437,500 75,000 554,158 
Fair value15,116 26,204 361,829 61,832 464,981 
Weighted-average yield (1)
4.07%5.23%2.38%2.09%2.53%
Foreign government bonds
Amortized cost118,665 28,584 50,000 50,000 247,249 
Fair value118,935 28,751 49,904 40,865 238,455 
Weighted-average yield (1)
2.31%1.81%4.34%1.50%2.50%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost— — — 31,886 31,886 
Fair value— — — 31,389 31,389 
Weighted-average yield (1)
—%—%—%4.65%4.65%
Total AFS debt securities
Amortized cost$582,092 $628,822 $908,682 $11,500,185 $13,619,781 
Fair value$573,418 $618,819 $801,082 $11,218,901 $13,212,220 
Weighted-average yield (1)
1.44%2.76%2.63%4.55%4.21%
($ in thousands)Within One Year
After One Year through Five Years
After Five Years through Ten YearsAfter Ten YearsTotal
HTM debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities
Amortized cost$—$540,666$—$—$540,666
Fair value—524,887——524,887
Weighted-average yield (1)
—%1.05%—%—%1.05%
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities
Amortized cost—105,467556,098345,4901,007,055
Fair value—97,497479,123283,514860,134
Weighted-average yield (1)
—%1.37%1.91%2.04%1.90%
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost—48,732178,114910,0281,136,874
Fair value—45,124153,739744,364943,227
Weighted-average yield (1) (2)
—%1.48%1.81%1.67%1.68%
Municipal securities
Amortized cost——13,958171,505185,463
Fair value——12,638138,860151,498
Weighted-average yield (1) (2)
—%—%2.35%1.99%2.02%
Total HTM debt securities
Amortized cost$—$694,865$748,170$1,427,023$2,870,058
Fair value$—$667,508$645,500$1,166,738$2,479,746
Weighted-average yield (1)
—%1.13%1.89%1.79%1.66%
(1)Weighted-average yields are computed based on amortized cost balances.
(2)Yields on tax-exempt securities are not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.
Schedule of Restricted Equity Securities
The following table presents the restricted equity securities included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
December 31,
($ in thousands)20252024
FRB of San Francisco stock
$66,179 $63,930 
FHLB stock87,305 101,329 
Total restricted equity securities$153,484 $165,259