Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Composition of Loans Held-For-Investment

The following table presents the composition of the Company’s loans held-for-investment outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Commercial:
C&I	$	18,001,529	$	17,397,158
CRE:
CRE	15,231,167		14,655,340
Multifamily residential	5,037,284		4,953,442
Construction and land	776,587		666,162
Total CRE	21,045,038		20,274,944
Total commercial	39,046,567		37,672,102
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	14,820,911		14,175,446
Home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”)	1,852,408		1,811,628
Total residential mortgage	16,673,319		15,987,074
Other consumer	46,886		67,461
Total consumer	16,720,205		16,054,535
Total loans held-for-investment (1)	$	55,766,772	$	53,726,637
ALLL	(790,520)		(702,052)
Loans held-for-investment, net (1)	$	54,976,252	$	53,024,585

(1)Includes $24 million and $46 million of net deferred loan fees and net unamortized premiums as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Schedule of Loans Held-For-Investment by Loan Portfolio Segments, Internal Risk Ratings, Gross Write-Offs and Vintage Year

The following tables summarize the Company’s loans held-for-investment and year-to-date gross write-offs by loan portfolio segments, internal risk ratings and vintage year as of the periods presented. The vintage year is the year of loan origination, renewal or major modification. Gross write-offs in the following tables are for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and the year ended December 31, 2024. Revolving loans that are converted to term loans presented in the tables below are excluded from the term loans by vintage year columns.

	September 30, 2025
	Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1)		Total
Commercial:
C&I:
Pass	$	2,193,263	$	2,086,065	$	994,625	$	621,800	$	475,653	$	391,866	$	10,760,575	$	33,095	$	17,556,942
Criticized (accrual)	5,157		40,604		8,483		86,222		88,050		6,870		139,136		—		374,522
Criticized (nonaccrual)	2,988		4,836		37,506		5,310		9,442		6,762		3,221		—		70,065
Total C&I	2,201,408		2,131,505		1,040,614		713,332		573,145		405,498		10,902,932		33,095		18,001,529
Gross write-offs (2)	—		1,062		2,282		3,153		—		2,935		21,560		—		30,992
CRE:
Pass	1,812,679		1,588,160		2,099,019		3,334,362		1,794,639		3,812,676		101,393		47,821		14,590,749
Criticized (accrual)	28,560		16,357		110,291		167,451		51,519		245,672		—		—		619,850
Criticized (nonaccrual)	4,018		—		—		—		12,330		4,220		—		—		20,568
Subtotal CRE	1,845,257		1,604,517		2,209,310		3,501,813		1,858,488		4,062,568		101,393		47,821		15,231,167
Gross write-offs	8,232		—		—		—		19		13,997		—		—		22,248
Multifamily residential:
Pass	649,041		338,488		491,954		1,153,159		701,661		1,654,631		28,983		3,835		5,021,752
Criticized (accrual)	—		—		—		6,437		—		8,788		—		—		15,225
Criticized (nonaccrual)	—		—		—		—		—		307		—		—		307
Subtotal multifamily residential	649,041		338,488		491,954		1,159,596		701,661		1,663,726		28,983		3,835		5,037,284
Gross write-offs	—		—		—		—		—		7		—		—		7
Construction and land:
Pass	161,292		97,043		301,142		187,376		13,488		3,446		3,903		—		767,690
Criticized (nonaccrual)	—		8,897		—		—		—		—		—		—		8,897
Subtotal construction and land	161,292		105,940		301,142		187,376		13,488		3,446		3,903		—		776,587
Total CRE	2,655,590		2,048,945		3,002,406		4,848,785		2,573,637		5,729,740		134,279		51,656		21,045,038
Total CRE gross write-offs (2)	8,232		—		—		—		19		14,004		—		—		22,255
Total commercial	$	4,856,998	$	4,180,450	$	4,043,020	$	5,562,117	$	3,146,782	$	6,135,238	$	11,037,211	$	84,751	$	39,046,567
Total commercial gross write-offs (2)	$	8,232	$	1,062	$	2,282	$	3,153	$	19	$	16,939	$	21,560	$	—	$	53,247

	September 30, 2025
	Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1)		Total
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential:
Pass (3)	$	2,172,946	$	1,972,523	$	2,454,248	$	2,877,983	$	1,919,814	$	3,370,130	$	—	$	—	$	14,767,644
Criticized (accrual)	3,715		1,900		2,351		2,455		—		10,001		—		—		20,422
Criticized (nonaccrual) (3)	864		5,251		6,981		4,856		3,264		11,629		—		—		32,845
Subtotal single-family residential mortgage	2,177,525		1,979,674		2,463,580		2,885,294		1,923,078		3,391,760		—		—		14,820,911
Gross write-offs	—		9		—		—		—		—		—		—		9
HELOCs:
Pass	9,156		2,694		5,252		14,392		11,629		16,314		1,686,647		77,784		1,823,868
Criticized (accrual)	13		748		11		751		—		1,431		2,026		208		5,188
Criticized (nonaccrual)	578		3,077		1,972		1,229		—		12,577		—		3,919		23,352
Subtotal HELOCs	9,747		6,519		7,235		16,372		11,629		30,322		1,688,673		81,911		1,852,408
Total residential mortgage	2,187,272		1,986,193		2,470,815		2,901,666		1,934,707		3,422,082		1,688,673		81,911		16,673,319
Total residential mortgage gross write-offs	—		9		—		—		—		—		—		—		9
Other consumer:
Pass	25,626		34		—		4,618		130		5,575		10,825		—		46,808
Criticized (accrual)	5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		5
Criticized (nonaccrual)	5		—		49		—		—		—		19		—		73
Total other consumer	25,636		34		49		4,618		130		5,575		10,844		—		46,886
Total consumer	$	2,212,908	$	1,986,227	$	2,470,864	$	2,906,284	$	1,934,837	$	3,427,657	$	1,699,517	$	81,911	$	16,720,205
Total consumer gross write-offs (2)	$	—	$	9	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	9
Total loans held-for-investment:
Pass	$	7,024,003	$	6,085,007	$	6,346,240	$	8,193,690	$	4,917,014	$	9,254,638	$	12,592,326	$	162,535	$	54,575,453
Criticized (accrual)	37,450		59,609		121,136		263,316		139,569		272,762		141,162		208		1,035,212
Criticized (nonaccrual)	8,453		22,061		46,508		11,395		25,036		35,495		3,240		3,919		156,107
Total	$	7,069,906	$	6,166,677	$	6,513,884	$	8,468,401	$	5,081,619	$	9,562,895	$	12,736,728	$	166,662	$	55,766,772
Total loans held-for-investment gross write-offs (2)	$	8,232	$	1,071	$	2,282	$	3,153	$	19	$	16,939	$	21,560	$	—	$	53,256

	December 31, 2024
	Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1)		Total
Commercial:
C&I:
Pass	$	2,605,928	$	1,508,948	$	999,586	$	612,015	$	243,528	$	295,884	$	10,574,404	$	23,032	$	16,863,325
Criticized (accrual)	34,412		51,415		61,041		107,355		10,538		31,160		151,747		—		447,668
Criticized (nonaccrual)	3,822		29,181		20,273		10,666		3,225		9,135		9,863		—		86,165
Total C&I	2,644,162		1,589,544		1,080,900		730,036		257,291		336,179		10,736,014		23,032		17,397,158
Gross write-offs (2)	20		47,963		14,848		11,119		1,568		3,012		27,099		—		105,629
CRE:
Pass	1,660,877		2,296,763		3,692,498		1,925,220		1,296,439		3,176,450		96,791		49,302		14,194,340
Criticized (accrual)	34,543		44,557		90,105		31,615		75,578		167,401		—		14,771		458,570
Criticized (nonaccrual)	—		—		—		—		1,756		674		—		—		2,430
Subtotal CRE	1,695,420		2,341,320		3,782,603		1,956,835		1,373,773		3,344,525		96,791		64,073		14,655,340
Gross write-offs (2)	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3
Multifamily residential:
Pass	386,743		521,754		1,337,599		752,230		613,115		1,242,586		14,640		1,253		4,869,920
Criticized (accrual)	—		—		43,997		32,042		—		2,911		—		—		78,950
Criticized (nonaccrual)	—		—		—		—		—		4,572		—		—		4,572
Subtotal multifamily residential	386,743		521,754		1,381,596		784,272		613,115		1,250,069		14,640		1,253		4,953,442
Gross write-offs	—		—		—		—		—		10		—		—		10
Construction and land:
Pass	90,926		328,803		184,792		41,932		—		8,393		—		—		654,846
Criticized (nonaccrual)	—		—		11,316		—		—		—		—		—		11,316
Subtotal construction and land	90,926		328,803		196,108		41,932		—		8,393		—		—		666,162
Gross write-offs	—		—		2,289		—		—		—		—		—		2,289
Total CRE	2,173,089		3,191,877		5,360,307		2,783,039		1,986,888		4,602,987		111,431		65,326		20,274,944
Total CRE gross write-offs (2)	—		—		2,289		—		—		13		—		—		2,302
Total commercial	$	4,817,251	$	4,781,421	$	6,441,207	$	3,513,075	$	2,244,179	$	4,939,166	$	10,847,445	$	88,358	$	37,672,102
Total commercial gross write-offs (2)	$	20	$	47,963	$	17,137	$	11,119	$	1,568	$	3,025	$	27,099	$	—	$	107,931

	December 31, 2024
	Term Loans by Origination Year														Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1)
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans				Total
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential:
Pass (3)	$	2,360,674	$	2,762,921	$	3,074,668	$	2,079,323	$	1,407,031	$	2,437,446	$	—	$	—	$	14,122,063
Criticized (accrual)	4,175		3,409		750		5,810		1,548		6,069		—		—		21,761
Criticized (nonaccrual) (3)	2,716		9,673		1,929		2,035		2,404		12,865		—		—		31,622
Subtotal single-family residential mortgage	2,367,565		2,776,003		3,077,347		2,087,168		1,410,983		2,456,380		—		—		14,175,446
Gross write-offs (2)	9		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		9
HELOCs:
Pass	7,453		3,288		4,071		3,236		7,570		8,152		1,648,337		99,488		1,781,595
Criticized (accrual)	1,436		—		1,420		—		135		2,064		2,338		594		7,987
Criticized (nonaccrual)	3,161		3,095		2,520		39		418		7,301		—		5,512		22,046
Subtotal HELOCs	12,050		6,383		8,011		3,275		8,123		17,517		1,650,675		105,594		1,811,628
Gross write-offs	—		10		—		—		—		—		—		5		15
Total residential mortgage	2,379,615		2,782,386		3,085,358		2,090,443		1,419,106		2,473,897		1,650,675		105,594		15,987,074
Total residential mortgage gross write-offs (2)	9		10		—		—		—		—		—		5		24
Other consumer:
Pass	14,916		—		22,992		132		—		6,800		22,555		—		67,395
Criticized (nonaccrual)	—		—		—		—		—		—		66		—		66
Total other consumer	14,916		—		22,992		132		—		6,800		22,621		—		67,461
Gross write-offs (2)	—		3,000		—		—		—		—		890		—		3,890
Total consumer	$	2,394,531	$	2,782,386	$	3,108,350	$	2,090,575	$	1,419,106	$	2,480,697	$	1,673,296	$	105,594	$	16,054,535
Total consumer gross write-offs (2)	$	9	$	3,010	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	890	$	5	$	3,914
Total loans held-for-investment:
Pass	$	7,127,517	$	7,422,477	$	9,316,206	$	5,414,088	$	3,567,683	$	7,175,711	$	12,356,727	$	173,075	$	52,553,484
Criticized (accrual)	74,566		99,381		197,313		176,822		87,799		209,605		154,085		15,365		1,014,936
Criticized (nonaccrual)	9,699		41,949		36,038		12,740		7,803		34,547		9,929		5,512		158,217
Total	$	7,211,782	$	7,563,807	$	9,549,557	$	5,603,650	$	3,663,285	$	7,419,863	$	12,520,741	$	193,952	$	53,726,637
Total loans held-for-investment gross write-offs (2)	$	29	$	50,973	$	17,137	$	11,119	$	1,568	$	3,025	$	27,989	$	5	$	111,845

(1)No revolving commercial loans were converted to term loans during each of the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. $16 million of total commercial loans, comprised of C&I revolving loans, and $8 million of total commercial loans, comprised of C&I and CRE revolving loans, were converted to term loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. $1 million of total consumer loans, comprised of HELOCs, were converted to term loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. In comparison, $2 million and $26 million of total consumer loans, comprised of HELOCs, were converted to term loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

(2)Excludes gross write-offs associated with loans the Company sold or settled.

(3)$1 million of nonaccrual loans whose payments were guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration were classified with a “Pass” rating as of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Schedule of Aging Analysis of Loans

The following tables present the aging analysis of loans held-for-investment as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Current Accruing Loans		Accruing Loans 30-59 Days Past Due		Accruing Loans 60-89 Days Past Due		Total Accruing Past Due Loans		Total Nonaccrual Loans		Total Loans
Commercial:
C&I	$	17,920,668	$	3,949	$	6,847	$	10,796	$	70,065	$	18,001,529
CRE:
CRE	15,161,590		33,489		15,520		49,009		20,568		15,231,167
Multifamily residential	5,036,135		294		548		842		307		5,037,284
Construction and land	767,690		—		—		—		8,897		776,587
Total CRE	20,965,415		33,783		16,068		49,851		29,772		21,045,038
Total commercial	38,886,083		37,732		22,915		60,647		99,837		39,046,567
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	14,729,285		37,066		20,888		57,954		33,672		14,820,911
HELOCs	1,808,419		14,465		6,172		20,637		23,352		1,852,408
Total residential mortgage	16,537,704		51,531		27,060		78,591		57,024		16,673,319
Other consumer	46,718		36		59		95		73		46,886
Total consumer	16,584,422		51,567		27,119		78,686		57,097		16,720,205
Total	$	55,470,505	$	89,299	$	50,034	$	139,333	$	156,934	$	55,766,772

	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Current Accruing Loans		Accruing Loans 30-59 Days Past Due		Accruing Loans 60-89 Days Past Due		Total Accruing Past Due Loans		Total Nonaccrual Loans		Total Loans
Commercial:
C&I	$	17,288,138	$	5,690	$	17,165	$	22,855	$	86,165	$	17,397,158
CRE:
CRE	14,647,270		3,755		1,885		5,640		2,430		14,655,340
Multifamily residential	4,947,939		653		278		931		4,572		4,953,442
Construction and land	653,919		927		—		927		11,316		666,162
Total CRE	20,249,128		5,335		2,163		7,498		18,318		20,274,944
Total commercial	37,537,266		11,025		19,328		30,353		104,483		37,672,102
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	14,088,086		32,841		22,096		54,937		32,423		14,175,446
HELOCs	1,770,218		11,396		7,968		19,364		22,046		1,811,628
Total residential mortgage	15,858,304		44,237		30,064		74,301		54,469		15,987,074
Other consumer	67,288		92		15		107		66		67,461
Total consumer	15,925,592		44,329		30,079		74,408		54,535		16,054,535
Total	$	53,462,858	$	55,354	$	49,407	$	104,761	$	159,018	$	53,726,637

Schedule of Amortized Cost of Loans on Nonaccrual Status With No Related Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table presents the amortized cost of loans on nonaccrual status for which there was no related ALLL as of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Nonaccrual loans may not have an allowance for credit losses if the loan balances are well secured by collateral values and there is no loss expectation.

($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Commercial:
C&I	$	33,625	$	79,591
CRE	19,360		—
Multifamily residential	—		4,210
Construction and land	8,897		11,316
Total commercial	61,882		95,117
Consumer:
Single-family residential	7,195		6,279
HELOCs	4,797		15,380
Total consumer	11,992		21,659
Total nonaccrual loans with no related ALLL	$	73,874	$	116,776

Schedule of Modified Loans

The following tables present the amortized cost of loans that were modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 by loan class and modification type:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Modification Type
					Combination:
($ in thousands)	Term Extension		Payment Delay		Term Extension/ Payment Delay		Rate Reduction/ Term Extension		Rate Reduction/ Payment Delay		Total		Modification as a % of Loan Class
Commercial:
C&I	$	27,141	$	49,915	$	—	$	94	$	—	$	77,150	0.43	%
CRE	65,118		—		—		—		—		65,118		0.43	%
Total commercial	92,259		49,915		—		94		—		142,268		0.36	%
Consumer:
Single-family residential	—		14,351		1,632		—		—		15,983		0.11	%
HELOCs	—		4,294		286		—		747		5,327		0.29	%
Total consumer	—		18,645		1,918		—		747		21,310		0.13	%
Total	$	92,259	$	68,560	$	1,918	$	94	$	747	$	163,578	0.29	%

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Modification Type
					Combination:
($ in thousands)	Term Extension		Payment Delay		Term Extension/ Payment Delay		Rate Reduction/ Payment Delay		Total		Modification as a % of Loan Class
Commercial:
C&I	$	15,848	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	15,848	0.09	%
CRE	23,735		—		—		—		23,735		0.16	%
Total commercial	39,583		—		—		—		39,583		0.11	%
Consumer:
Single-family residential	—		4,718		219		141		5,078		0.04	%
HELOCs	—		3,763		—		—		3,763		0.21	%
Total consumer	—		8,481		219		141		8,841		0.06	%
Total	$	39,583	$	8,481	$	219	$	141	$	48,424	0.09	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Modification Type
							Combination:
($ in thousands)	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Payment Delay		Rate Reduction/ Term Extension		Term Extension/ Payment Delay		Rate Reduction/ Payment Delay		Rate Reduction/ Term Extension/ Payment Delay		Total		Modification as a % of Loan Class
Commercial:
C&I	$	6,057	$	76,716	$	52,889	$	94	$	31,957	$	19,576	$	—	$	187,289	1.04	%
CRE	—		188,145		—		—		—		—		—		188,145		1.24	%
Multifamily	—		276		—		—		—		—		—		276		0.01	%
Land and construction	—		16,782		—		—		—		—		—		16,782		2.16	%
Total commercial	6,057		281,919		52,889		94		31,957		19,576		—		392,492		1.01	%
Consumer:
Single-family residential	—		—		23,226		—		1,928		—		—		25,154		0.17	%
HELOCs	—		—		9,210		—		917		1,173		414		11,714		0.63	%
Total consumer	—		—		32,436		—		2,845		1,173		414		36,868		0.22	%
Total	$	6,057	$	281,919	$	85,325	$	94	$	34,802	$	20,749	$	414	$	429,360	0.77	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Modification Type
					Combination:
($ in thousands)	Term Extension		Payment Delay		Term Extension/ Payment Delay		Rate Reduction/ Payment Delay		Total		Modification as a % of Loan Class
Commercial:
C&I	$	26,191	$	24,768	$	—	$	—	$	50,959	0.30	%
CRE	47,969		—		—		—		47,969		0.33	%
Total commercial	74,160		24,768		—		—		98,928		0.26	%
Consumer:
Single-family residential	—		13,278		219		141		13,638		0.10	%
HELOCs	—		10,708		—		517		11,225		0.64	%
Other consumer	3,000		—		—		—		3,000		5.18	%
Total consumer	3,000		23,986		219		658		27,863		0.18	%
Total	$	77,160	$	48,754	$	219	$	658	$	126,791	0.24	%

The following table presents the financial effects of the loan modifications for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 by loan class and modification type:

	Financial Effects of Loan Modifications for the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2025				2024
($ in thousands)	Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction		Weighted-Average Term Extension (in years)	Weighted-Average Payment Delay (in years)	Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction		Weighted-Average Term Extension (in years)	Weighted-Average Payment Delay (in years)
Commercial:
C&I	1.00	%	1.3	0.7	—	%	0.8	0.0
CRE	—	%	1.3	0.0	—	%	3.3	0.0
Consumer:
Residential mortgage:
Single-family residential	—	%	17.5	4.6	1.63	%	10.0	2.6
HELOCs	1.50	%	20.0	6.6	—	%	0.0	0.6

	Financial Effects of Loan Modifications for the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025				2024
($ in thousands)	Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction		Weighted-Average Term Extension (in years)	Weighted-Average Payment Delay (in years)	Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction		Weighted-Average Term Extension (in years)	Weighted-Average Payment Delay (in years)
Commercial:
C&I	3.37	%	1.1	0.8	—	%	1.6	1.6
CRE	—	%	3.0	0.0	—	%	2.4	0.0
Multifamily	—	%	10.0	0.0	—	%	0.0	0.0
Land and construction	—	%	0.8	0.0	—	%	0.0	0.0
Consumer:
Single-family residential	—	%	16.3	3.6	1.63	%	10.0	1.4
HELOCs	0.97	%	15.3	6.8	0.25	%	0.0	2.0
Other consumer	—	%	0.0	0.0	—	%	0.8	0.0

Schedule of Financing Receivable, Modified, Subsequent Default

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of modified loans that, within 12 months of the modification date, experienced a subsequent default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

	Loans Modified Subsequently Defaulted During the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Term Extension		Payment Delay		Combination: Rate Reduction/ Payment Delay		Combination: Term Extension/ Payment Delay		Total
Commercial:
C&I	$	890	$	3,089	$	—	$	—	$	3,979
Total commercial	890		3,089		—		—		3,979
Consumer:
Single-family residential	—		1,064		—		819		1,883
HELOCs	—		418		747		202		1,367
Total consumer	—		1,482		747		1,021		3,250
Total	$	890	$	4,571	$	747	$	1,021	$	7,229

	Loans Modified Subsequently Defaulted During the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Term Extension		Payment Delay		Combination: Rate Reduction/ Payment Delay		Combination: Term Extension/ Payment Delay		Total
Consumer:
Single-family residential	$	—	$	573	$	—	$	—	$	573
HELOCs	—		2,762		—		—		2,762
Total consumer	—		3,335		—		—		3,335
Total	$	—	$	3,335	$	—	$	—	$	3,335

	Loans Modified Subsequently Defaulted During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Term Extension		Payment Delay		Combination: Rate Reduction/ Payment Delay		Combination: Term Extension/ Payment Delay		Total
Commercial:
C&I	$	890	$	7,554	$	—	$	—	$	8,444
CRE	53,277		—		—		—		53,277
Total commercial	54,167		7,554		—		—		61,721
Consumer:
Single-family residential	—		2,515		—		1,026		3,541
HELOCs	—		4,675		747		488		5,910
Total consumer	—		7,190		747		1,514		9,451
Total	$	54,167	$	14,744	$	747	$	1,514	$	71,172

	Loans Modified Subsequently Defaulted During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Term Extension		Payment Delay		Combination: Rate Reduction/ Payment Delay		Combination: Term Extension/ Payment Delay		Total
Commercial:
C&I	$	7,829	$	5,280	$	—	$	—	$	13,109
Total commercial	7,829		5,280		—		—		13,109
Consumer:
Single-family residential	—		7,995		141		2,828		10,964
HELOCs	—		3,240		1,149		—		4,389
Total consumer	—		11,235		1,290		2,828		15,353
Total	$	7,829	$	16,515	$	1,290	$	2,828	$	28,462

Schedule of Financing Receivable, Modified, Payment Performance

The following tables present the performance of loans that were modified over the last 12 months as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

	Payment Performance as of September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Current		30 - 89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Total
Commercial:
C&I	$	217,395	$	94	$	890	$	218,379
CRE	210,658		—		—		210,658
Multifamily residential	276		—		—		276
Construction and land	16,782		—		—		16,782
Total commercial	445,111		94		890		446,095
Consumer:
Single-family residential	22,866		2,201		1,738		26,805
HELOCs	9,533		1,594		1,842		12,969
Total consumer	32,399		3,795		3,580		39,774
Total	$	477,510	$	3,889	$	4,470	$	485,869

	Payment Performance as of September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Current		30 - 89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Total
Commercial:
C&I	$	62,107	$	8,848	$	7,828	$	78,783
CRE	47,969		—		—		47,969
Total commercial	110,076		8,848		7,828		126,752
Consumer:
Single-family residential	9,610		3,237		6,686		19,533
HELOCs	8,922		3,736		1,270		13,928
Other consumer	—		3,000		—		3,000
Total consumer	18,532		9,973		7,956		36,461
Total	$	128,608	$	18,821	$	15,784	$	163,213

Schedule of Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators, Key Credit Risk Characteristics and Macroeconomic Variables

The following table provides key credit risk characteristics and macroeconomic variables that the Company uses to estimate the expected credit losses by portfolio segment:

Portfolio Segment	Risk Characteristics	Macroeconomic Variables
C&I	Age percentage, size at origination, delinquency status, sector and risk rating	Unemployment rate, Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”), and U.S. Treasury rates
CRE, Multifamily residential, and Construction and land	Delinquency status, maturity date, collateral value, property type, and geographic location	Unemployment rate, GDP, and U.S. Treasury rates
Single-family residential and HELOCs	FICO score, delinquency status, maturity date, collateral value, and geographic location	Unemployment rate, GDP, and Home Price Indices
Other consumer	Loss rate approach	Immaterial - Macroeconomic variables are included in the qualitative estimate.

Schedule of Activity in the Allowance for Credit Losses

The following tables summarize the activity in the ALLL by portfolio segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

		Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
		Commercial								Consumer
				CRE						Residential Mortgage
($ in thousands)		C&I		CRE		Multifamily Residential		Construction and Land		Single-Family Residential		HELOCs		Other Consumer		Total
ALLL, beginning of period		$	442,291	$	212,618	$	29,073	$	17,856	$	51,997	$	5,256	$	1,325	$	760,416
Allowance recognized on purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) loans		18,175		—		—		—		—		—		—		18,175
(Reversal of) provision for credit losses on loans	(a)	(992)		14,552		6,101		671		8,873		854		(143)		29,916
Gross charge-offs		(25,325)		(5)		—		—		—		—		(73)		(25,403)
Gross recoveries		7,236		2		13		3		6		3		—		7,263
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries		(18,089)		(3)		13		3		6		3		(73)		(18,140)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		153		—		—		—		—		—		—		153
ALLL, end of period		$	441,538	$	227,167	$	35,187	$	18,530	$	60,876	$	6,113	$	1,109	$	790,520

		Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
		Commercial								Consumer
				CRE						Residential Mortgage
($ in thousands)		C&I		CRE		Multifamily Residential		Construction and Land		Single-Family Residential		HELOCs		Other Consumer		Total
ALLL, beginning of period		$	379,984	$	194,794	$	40,254	$	14,322	$	49,523	$	3,340	$	1,577	$	683,794
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans	(a)	26,416		27,123		(8,493)		(1,975)		(1,293)		(128)		67		41,717
Gross charge-offs		(29,260)		(734)		—		(145)		—		(10)		(149)		(30,298)
Gross recoveries		838		61		21		6		1		8		—		935
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries		(28,422)		(673)		21		(139)		1		(2)		(149)		(29,363)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		337		—		—		—		—		—		—		337
ALLL, end of period		$	378,315	$	221,244	$	31,782	$	12,208	$	48,231	$	3,210	$	1,495	$	696,485

		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
		Commercial								Consumer
				CRE						Residential Mortgage
($ in thousands)		C&I		CRE		Multifamily Residential		Construction and Land		Single-Family Residential		HELOCs		Other Consumer		Total
ALLL, beginning of period		$	384,319	$	218,677	$	32,117	$	17,497	$	44,816	$	3,132	$	1,494	$	702,052
Allowance recognized on PCD loans		18,175		—		—		—		—		—		—		18,175
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans	(a)	62,973		30,664		3,028		3,020		16,009		2,962		(522)		118,134
Gross charge-offs		(34,464)		(22,248)		(7)		(1,996)		(9)		—		(126)		(58,850)
Gross recoveries		10,304		74		49		9		60		19		263		10,778
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries		(24,160)		(22,174)		42		(1,987)		51		19		137		(48,072)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		231		—		—		—		—		—		—		231
ALLL, end of period		$	441,538	$	227,167	$	35,187	$	18,530	$	60,876	$	6,113	$	1,109	$	790,520

		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
		Commercial								Consumer
				CRE						Residential Mortgage
($ in thousands)		C&I		CRE		Multifamily Residential		Construction and Land		Single-Family Residential		HELOCs		Other Consumer		Total
ALLL, beginning of period		$	392,685	$	170,592	$	34,375	$	10,469	$	55,018	$	3,947	$	1,657	$	668,743
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans	(a)	44,473		64,542		(2,833)		3,828		(6,760)		(792)		175		102,633
Gross charge-offs		(63,392)		(14,235)		(6)		(2,289)		(35)		(10)		(337)		(80,304)
Gross recoveries		4,365		345		246		200		8		65		—		5,229
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries		(59,027)		(13,890)		240		(2,089)		(27)		55		(337)		(75,075)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		184		—		—		—		—		—		—		184
ALLL, end of period		$	378,315	$	221,244	$	31,782	$	12,208	$	48,231	$	3,210	$	1,495	$	696,485

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for unfunded credit commitments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)		2025		2024		2025		2024
Unfunded credit facilities
Allowance for unfunded credit commitments, beginning of period		$	45,307	$	38,783	$	39,526	$	37,698
Provision for credit losses on unfunded credit commitments	(b)	3,084		283		8,866		1,367
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(1)		(4)		(2)		(3)
Allowance for unfunded credit commitments, end of period		$	48,390	$	39,062	$	48,390	$	39,062
Provision for credit losses on loans, leases and unfunded credit commitments	(a) + (b)	$	33,000	$	42,000	$	127,000	$	104,000

Schedule of Carrying Value of Loans Transferred, Loans Sold and Purchased for the Held-For-Investment Portfolio

The following tables provide information on the carrying value of loans transferred, sold and purchased, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Commercial							Consumer
				CRE				Residential Mortgage
($ in thousands)	C&I			CRE		Construction and Land		Single-Family Residential		Total
Loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale (1)	$	134,916		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	134,916
Sales (2)(3)	$	127,489		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	127,489
Purchases	$	34,677	(4)	$	—	$	—	$	121,968	$	156,645

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Commercial							Consumer
				CRE				Residential Mortgage
($ in thousands)	C&I			CRE		Construction and Land		Single-Family Residential		Total
Loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale (1)	$	307,182		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	307,182
Sales (2)(3)	$	326,764		$	—	$	—	$	1,642	$	328,406
Purchases	$	247,880	(4)	$	—	$	—	$	102,666	$	350,546

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Commercial							Consumer		Total
				CRE				Residential Mortgage
($ in thousands)	C&I			CRE		Construction and Land		Single-Family Residential
Loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale (1)	$	240,613		$	20,338	$	9,500	$	—	$	270,451
Sales (2)(3)	$	224,186		$	20,338	$	11,316	$	396	$	256,236
Purchases	$	339,321	(4)	$	—	$	—	$	372,379	$	711,700

Refer to table footnotes on the following page.

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Commercial							Consumer		Total
				CRE				Residential Mortgage
($ in thousands)	C&I			CRE		Construction and Land		Single-Family Residential
Loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale (1)	$	646,079		$	—	$	718	$	—	$	646,797
Sales (2)(3)	$	647,873		$	—	$	718	$	2,607	$	651,198
Purchases	$	451,399	(4)	$	—	$	—	$	289,266	$	740,665

(1)Includes write-downs of $2 million to the allowance for loan losses related to loans transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and $1 million and $2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

(2)Includes originated loans sold of $37 million and $159 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $309 million and $496 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Originated loans sold were primarily comprised of C&I loans for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

(3)Includes $90 million and $97 million of purchased loans sold in the secondary market for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and $20 million and $156 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

(4)C&I loan purchases were comprised of syndicated C&I term loans.