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Securities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Schedule of Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale
The following tables present the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value by major categories of AFS and HTM debt securities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)
Amortized Cost (1)
Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$676,300 $— $(38,035)$638,265 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities308,220 — (45,633)262,587 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (2):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities472,535 886 (47,207)426,214 
Residential mortgage-backed securities7,974,768 12,278 (248,786)7,738,260 
Municipal securities
287,301 38 (37,186)250,153 
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities294,235 (35,767)258,470 
Residential mortgage-backed securities514,527 — (80,919)433,608 
Corporate debt securities653,500 — (127,334)526,166 
Foreign government bonds244,803 2,069 (12,992)233,880 
Asset-backed securities35,086 — (371)34,715 
CLOs44,500 — (7)44,493 
Total AFS debt securities11,505,775 15,273 (674,237)10,846,811 
HTM debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities535,080 — (35,222)499,858 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities1,004,479 — (200,259)804,220 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (3):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities486,388 — (91,461)394,927 
Residential mortgage-backed securities703,833 — (155,626)548,207 
Municipal securities187,633 — (47,091)140,542 
Total HTM debt securities2,917,413  (529,659)2,387,754 
Total debt securities$14,423,188 $15,273 $(1,203,896)$13,234,565 
December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)
Amortized Cost (1)
Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$1,112,587 $101 $(52,313)$1,060,375 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities412,086 — (47,640)364,446 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (2):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities531,377 158 (63,276)468,259 
Residential mortgage-backed securities1,956,927 380 (229,713)1,727,594 
Municipal securities297,283 75 (36,342)261,016 
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities409,578 — (42,062)367,516 
Residential mortgage-backed securities643,335 — 

(89,664)553,671 
Corporate debt securities653,501 — (151,076)502,425 
Foreign government bonds239,333 69 (11,528)227,874 
Asset-backed securities43,234 — (934)42,300 
CLOs617,250 — (4,389)612,861 
Total AFS debt securities6,916,491 783 (728,937)6,188,337 
HTM debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities529,548 — (40,997)488,551 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities1,001,836 — (186,904)814,932 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (3):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities493,348 — (88,968)404,380 
Residential mortgage-backed securities742,436 — (142,119)600,317 
Municipal securities188,872 — (43,081)145,791 
Total HTM debt securities2,956,040  (502,069)2,453,971 
Total debt securities9,872,531 783 (1,231,006)8,642,308 
(1)Amortized cost excludes accrued interest receivables, which are included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the accrued interest receivables were $45 million and $44 million, respectively. For the Company’s accounting policy related to debt securities’ accrued interest receivable, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Significant Accounting Policies — Allowance for Credit Losses on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities and Allowance for Credit Losses on Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K.
(2)Includes GNMA AFS debt securities totaling $7.3 billion of amortized cost and $7.2 billion of fair value as of December 31, 2024, and $1.3 billion of amortized cost and $1.2 billion of fair value as of December 31, 2023.
(3)Includes GNMA HTM debt securities totaling $86 million of amortized cost and $68 million of fair value as of December 31, 2024, and $92 million of amortized cost and $75 million of fair value as of December 31, 2023.
Schedule of Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity
The following tables present the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value by major categories of AFS and HTM debt securities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)
Amortized Cost (1)
Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$676,300 $— $(38,035)$638,265 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities308,220 — (45,633)262,587 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (2):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities472,535 886 (47,207)426,214 
Residential mortgage-backed securities7,974,768 12,278 (248,786)7,738,260 
Municipal securities
287,301 38 (37,186)250,153 
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities294,235 (35,767)258,470 
Residential mortgage-backed securities514,527 — (80,919)433,608 
Corporate debt securities653,500 — (127,334)526,166 
Foreign government bonds244,803 2,069 (12,992)233,880 
Asset-backed securities35,086 — (371)34,715 
CLOs44,500 — (7)44,493 
Total AFS debt securities11,505,775 15,273 (674,237)10,846,811 
HTM debt securities
U.S. Treasury securities535,080 — (35,222)499,858 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities1,004,479 — (200,259)804,220 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (3):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities486,388 — (91,461)394,927 
Residential mortgage-backed securities703,833 — (155,626)548,207 
Municipal securities187,633 — (47,091)140,542 
Total HTM debt securities2,917,413  (529,659)2,387,754 
Total debt securities$14,423,188 $15,273 $(1,203,896)$13,234,565 
December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)
Amortized Cost (1)
Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$1,112,587 $101 $(52,313)$1,060,375 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities412,086 — (47,640)364,446 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (2):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities531,377 158 (63,276)468,259 
Residential mortgage-backed securities1,956,927 380 (229,713)1,727,594 
Municipal securities297,283 75 (36,342)261,016 
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities409,578 — (42,062)367,516 
Residential mortgage-backed securities643,335 — 

(89,664)553,671 
Corporate debt securities653,501 — (151,076)502,425 
Foreign government bonds239,333 69 (11,528)227,874 
Asset-backed securities43,234 — (934)42,300 
CLOs617,250 — (4,389)612,861 
Total AFS debt securities6,916,491 783 (728,937)6,188,337 
HTM debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities529,548 — (40,997)488,551 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities1,001,836 — (186,904)814,932 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (3):
Commercial mortgage-backed securities493,348 — (88,968)404,380 
Residential mortgage-backed securities742,436 — (142,119)600,317 
Municipal securities188,872 — (43,081)145,791 
Total HTM debt securities2,956,040  (502,069)2,453,971 
Total debt securities9,872,531 783 (1,231,006)8,642,308 
(1)Amortized cost excludes accrued interest receivables, which are included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the accrued interest receivables were $45 million and $44 million, respectively. For the Company’s accounting policy related to debt securities’ accrued interest receivable, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Significant Accounting Policies — Allowance for Credit Losses on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities and Allowance for Credit Losses on Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K.
(2)Includes GNMA AFS debt securities totaling $7.3 billion of amortized cost and $7.2 billion of fair value as of December 31, 2024, and $1.3 billion of amortized cost and $1.2 billion of fair value as of December 31, 2023.
(3)Includes GNMA HTM debt securities totaling $86 million of amortized cost and $68 million of fair value as of December 31, 2024, and $92 million of amortized cost and $75 million of fair value as of December 31, 2023.
Schedule of Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value
The following tables present the fair value and the associated gross unrealized losses of the Company’s AFS debt securities, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31, 2024
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
($ in thousands)Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$— $— $638,265 $(38,035)$638,265 $(38,035)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities— — 262,587 (45,633)262,587 (45,633)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities2,741 (30)377,756 (47,177)380,497 (47,207)
Residential mortgage-backed securities2,719,228 (16,404)1,528,252 (232,382)4,247,480 (248,786)
Municipal securities2,763 (95)245,360 (37,091)248,123 (37,186)
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities10,767 (332)235,668 (35,435)246,435 (35,767)
Residential mortgage-backed securities— — 433,608 (80,919)433,608 (80,919)
Corporate debt securities— — 526,166 (127,334)526,166 (127,334)
Foreign government bonds— — 87,008 (12,992)87,008 (12,992)
Asset-backed securities— — 34,715 (371)34,715 (371)
CLOs— — 44,493 (7)44,493 (7)
Total AFS debt securities$2,735,499 $(16,861)$4,413,878 $(657,376)$7,149,377 $(674,237)
December 31, 2023
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
($ in thousands)Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$— $— $623,978 $(52,313)$623,978 $(52,313)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities— — 364,446 (47,640)364,446 (47,640)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities— — 463,572 (63,276)463,572 (63,276)
Residential mortgage-backed securities9,402 (558)1,661,112 (229,155)1,670,514 (229,713)
Municipal securities2,825 (15)254,773 (36,327)257,598 (36,342)
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities2,742 (4)364,774 (42,058)367,516 (42,062)
Residential mortgage-backed securities— — 553,671 (89,664)553,671 (89,664)
Corporate debt securities— — 502,425 (151,076)502,425 (151,076)
Foreign government bonds110,955 (144)88,616 (11,384)199,571 (11,528)
Asset-backed securities— — 42,300 (934)42,300 (934)
CLOs— — 612,861 (4,389)612,861 (4,389)
Total AFS debt securities$125,924 $(721)$5,532,528 $(728,216)$5,658,452 $(728,937)
Schedule of the Gross Realized Gains and Tax Expense, Available-for-Sale
The following table presents the gross realized gains from the sales and impairment write-off of AFS debt securities and the related tax expense (benefit) included in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)202420232022
Gross realized gains from sales (1)
$2,069 $3,138 $1,306 
Impairment write-off (1)
$— $(10,000)$— 
Related tax expense (benefit)
$612 $(2,029)$386 
(1)During 2023, the Company recognized $7 million in net losses on AFS securities as a component of Noninterest income in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income, consisting of a $10 million impairment write-off on a subordinated debt security, partially offset by a $3 million gain on the sale of the same security.
Schedule of Composition of Interest Income on Debt Securities
The following table presents the composition of interest income on debt securities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)202420232022
Taxable interest$429,003 $255,475 $179,720 
Nontaxable interest20,062 20,715 19,186 
Total interest income on debt securities$449,065 $276,190 $198,906 
Schedule of Contractual Maturities of AFS and HTM Debt Securities
The following tables present the contractual maturities, amortized cost, fair value and weighted average yields of AFS and HTM debt securities as of December 31, 2024. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities on certain securities as the issuers and borrowers of the underlying collateral may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
($ in thousands)Within One Year
After One Year through Five Years
After Five Years through Ten Years After Ten Years Total
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities
Amortized cost$84,143 $592,157 $— $— $676,300 
Fair value83,367 554,898 — — 638,265 
Weighted-average yield (1)
2.23 %1.06 %— %— %1.21 %
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities
Amortized cost17,972 27,030 201,546 61,672 308,220 
Fair value17,595 25,492 169,448 50,052 262,587 
Weighted-average yield (1)
1.06 %1.13 %2.01 %2.00 %1.87 %
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost8,037 54,584 125,704 8,258,978 8,447,303 
Fair value7,990 51,845 114,109 7,990,530 8,164,474 
Weighted-average yield (1) (2)
3.24 %2.89 %2.79 %5.13 %5.07 %
Municipal securities
Amortized cost5,657 26,502 8,114 247,028 287,301 
Fair value5,558 25,160 7,394 212,041 250,153 
Weighted-average yield (1) (2)
2.25 %2.14 %3.38 %2.23 %2.25 %
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost39,936 7,671 6,220 754,935 808,762 
Fair value39,337 7,605 6,207 638,929 692,078 
Weighted-average yield (1)
3.67 %2.95 %5.53 %2.40 %2.49 %
Corporate debt securities
Amortized cost— — 349,500 304,000 653,500 
Fair value— — 311,947 214,219 526,166 
Weighted average yield (1)
— %— %3.50 %1.97 %2.79 %
Foreign government bonds
Amortized cost26,241 118,562 50,000 50,000 244,803 
Fair value26,305 120,567 49,743 37,265 233,880 
Weighted-average yield (1)
3.24 %2.22 %5.01 %1.50 %2.75 %
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost— — — 35,086 35,086 
Fair value— — — 34,715 34,715 
Weighted-average yield (1)
— %— %— %5.37 %5.37 %
CLOs
Amortized cost— — 44,500 — 44,500 
Fair value— — 44,493 — 44,493 
Weighted average yield (1)
— %— %6.08 %— %6.08 %
Total AFS debt securities
Amortized cost$181,986 $826,506 $785,584 $9,711,699 $11,505,775 
Fair value$180,152 $785,567 $703,341 $9,177,751 $10,846,811 
Weighted-average yield (1)
2.62 %1.40 %3.26 %4.70 %4.33 %
($ in thousands)Within One Year
After One Year through Five Years
After Five Years through Ten YearsAfter Ten YearsTotal
HTM debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities
Amortized cost$$535,080$$$535,080
Fair value499,858499,858
Weighted-average yield (1)
— %1.05 %— %— %1.05 %
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities
Amortized cost371,825632,6541,004,479
Fair value316,243487,977804,220
Weighted-average yield (1)
— %— %1.89 %1.90 %1.90 %
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost3,66394,2801,092,2781,190,221
Fair value3,37180,374859,389943,134
Weighted-average yield (1) (2)
— %1.42 %1.62 %1.69 %1.68 %
Municipal securities
Amortized cost187,633187,633
Fair value140,542140,542
Weighted-average yield (1) (2)
— %— %— %2.01 %2.01 %
Total HTM debt securities
Amortized cost$$538,743$466,105$1,912,565$2,917,413
Fair value$$503,229$396,617$1,487,908$2,387,754
Weighted-average yield (1)
 %1.05 %1.83 %1.79 %1.66 %
(1)Weighted-average yields are computed based on amortized cost balances.
(2)Yields on tax-exempt securities are not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.
Schedule of Restricted Equity Securities
The following table presents the restricted equity securities included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31,
($ in thousands)20242023
FRB of San Francisco stock
$63,930 $62,561 
FHLB stock101,329 17,250 
Total restricted equity securities$165,259 $79,811