Business Segments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments

Business Segments

The Company organizes its operations into three reportable operating segments: (1) Consumer and Business Banking; (2) Commercial Banking; and (3) Other. These segments are defined by the type of customers served and the related products and services provided. The segments reflect how financial information is currently evaluated by management. Operating segment results are based on the Company’s internal management reporting process, which reflects assignments and allocations of certain balance sheet and income statement items. The information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities.

The Consumer and Business Banking segment primarily provides financial products and services to consumer and commercial customers through the Company’s domestic branch network and digital banking platform. This segment offers consumer and commercial deposits, mortgage and home equity loans, and other products and services. It also originates commercial loans for small- and medium-sized enterprises through the Company’s branch network. Other products and services provided by this segment include wealth management, treasury management, interest rate risk hedging and foreign exchange services.

The Commercial Banking segment primarily generates commercial loan and deposit products. Commercial loan products include CRE lending, construction financing, commercial business lending, working capital lines of credit, trade finance, letters of credit, affordable housing lending, asset-based lending, asset-backed finance, project finance and equipment financing. Commercial deposit products and other financial services include treasury management, foreign exchange services and interest rate and commodity risk hedging.

The remaining centralized functions, including the corporate treasury activities of the Company and eliminations of inter-segment amounts, have been aggregated and included in the Other segment, which provides broad administrative support to the two core segments, namely the Consumer and Business Banking and the Commercial Banking segments.

The Company utilizes an internal reporting process to measure the performance of the three operating segments within the Company. The internal reporting process derives operating segment results by utilizing allocation methodologies for revenues and expenses. Net interest income of each segment represents the difference between actual interest earned on assets and interest incurred on liabilities of the segment, adjusted for funding charges or credits through the Company’s internal funds transfer pricing (“FTP”) process. Noninterest income and noninterest expense directly attributable to a business segment are assigned to that segment. Indirect costs, including technology-related costs and corporate overhead, are allocated based on a segment’s estimated usage using factors including but not limited to, full-time equivalent employees, net interest income, and loan and deposit volume. Charge-offs are recorded to the segment directly associated with the respective loans charged off, and provision for credit losses is recorded to the segments based on the related loans for which allowances are evaluated. The Company’s internal reporting process utilizes a full-allocation methodology. Under this methodology, corporate and indirect expenses incurred by the Other segment are allocated to the Consumer and Business Banking and the Commercial Banking segments, except certain corporate treasury-related expenses and insignificant unallocated expenses.

The corporate treasury function within the Other segment is responsible for the Company’s liquidity and interest rate management and the internal FTP process. The FTP process is formulated with the goal of encouraging loan and deposit growth that is consistent with the Company’s overall profitability objectives, as well as providing a reasonable and consistent basis for the measurement of its business segments’ net interest margins and profitability. The FTP process charges a cost to fund loans (“FTP charges for loans”) and allocates credits for funds provided from deposits (“FTP credits for deposits”) using internal FTP rates. FTP charges for loans are determined based on a matched cost of funds, which is tied to the pricing and term characteristics of the loans. FTP credits for deposits are based on matched funding credit rates, which are tied to the implied or stated maturity of the deposits. FTP credits for deposits reflect the long-term value generated by the deposits. The net spread between the total internal FTP charges and credits is recorded as part of net interest income in the Other segment. The FTP process transfers the corporate interest rate risk exposure to the treasury function within the Other segment, where such exposures are centrally managed. The Company’s internal FTP assumptions and methodologies are reviewed at least annually to ensure that the process is reflective of current market conditions.

The following tables present the operating results and other key financial measures for the individual operating segments as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

($ in thousands)	Consumer and Business Banking		Commercial Banking		Other		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Net interest income before provision for credit losses	$	315,409	$	242,345	$	13,059	$	570,813
Provision for credit losses	1,633		40,367		—		42,000
Noninterest income	25,132		43,672		7,948		76,752
Noninterest expense	106,626		87,556		57,832		252,014
Segment income (loss) before income taxes	232,282		158,094		(36,825)		353,551
Segment net income	$	164,051	$	110,182	$	13,505	$	287,738
As of September 30, 2023
Segment assets	$	18,935,452	$	34,438,787	$	14,915,219	$	68,289,458

($ in thousands)	Consumer and Business Banking		Commercial Banking		Other		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Net interest income before provision for credit losses	$	326,411	$	222,996	$	2,402	$	551,809
Provision for credit losses	8,974		18,026		—		27,000
Noninterest income (loss)	30,819		48,641		(3,908)		75,552
Noninterest expense	104,005		81,386		30,582		215,973
Segment income (loss) before income taxes	244,251		172,225		(32,088)		384,388
Segment net income (loss)	$	173,982	$	122,869	$	(1,512)	$	295,339
As of September 30, 2022
Segment assets	$	17,002,000	$	32,836,381	$	12,737,680	$	62,576,061

($ in thousands)	Consumer and Business Banking		Commercial Banking		Other		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Net interest income before provision for credit losses	$	927,173	$	742,108	$	68,139	$	1,737,420
Provision for credit losses	22,169		65,831		—		88,000
Noninterest income	78,254		129,809		7,298		215,361
Noninterest expense	327,476		263,137		141,637		732,250
Segment income (loss) before income taxes	655,782		542,949		(66,200)		1,132,531
Segment net income	$	463,151	$	383,669	$	75,388	$	922,208
As of September 30, 2023
Segment assets	$	18,935,452	$	34,438,787	$	14,915,219	$	68,289,458

($ in thousands)	Consumer and Business Banking		Commercial Banking		Other		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Net interest income (loss) before provision for credit losses	$	823,998	$	662,037	$	(45,661)	$	1,440,374
Provision for credit losses	14,976		33,524		—		48,500
Noninterest income	84,402		145,750		3,587		233,739
Noninterest expense	294,395		235,804		72,084		602,283
Segment income (loss) before income taxes	599,029		538,459		(114,158)		1,023,330
Segment net income (loss)	$	426,695	$	384,237	$	(19,612)	$	791,320
As of September 30, 2022
Segment assets	$	17,002,000	$	32,836,381	$	12,737,680	$	62,576,061