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Securities
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Securities Securities
The following tables present the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value by major categories of AFS debt securities as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
($ in thousands)March 31, 2021
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$841,711 $328 $(15,697)$826,342 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities1,236,446 5,145 (47,586)1,194,005 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities1,178,238 16,407 (25,254)1,169,391 
Residential mortgage-backed securities2,271,645 17,026 (41,265)2,247,406 
Municipal securities417,676 7,348 (4,959)420,065 
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities281,099 4,311 (4,383)281,027 
Residential mortgage-backed securities525,560 1,599 (3,659)523,500 
Corporate debt securities517,309 4,677 (25,343)496,643 
Foreign government bonds278,100 320 (2,092)276,328 
Asset-backed securities62,762 292 (14)63,040 
CLOs294,000 — (2,534)291,466 
Total AFS debt securities$7,904,546 $57,453 $(172,786)$7,789,213 
($ in thousands)December 31, 2020
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$50,310 $451 $— $50,761 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities806,814 8,765 (1,260)814,319 
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities1,125,174 34,306 (5,710)1,153,770 
Residential mortgage-backed securities1,634,553 27,952 (1,611)1,660,894 
Municipal securities382,573 13,588 (88)396,073 
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities234,965 6,107 (1,230)239,842 
Residential mortgage-backed securities288,520 1,761 (506)289,775 
Corporate debt securities406,323 3,493 (3,848)405,968 
Foreign government bonds183,828 163 (1,460)182,531 
Asset-backed securities63,463 10 (242)63,231 
CLOs294,000 — (6,506)287,494 
Total AFS debt securities $5,470,523 $96,596 $(22,461)$5,544,658 

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the amortized cost of AFS debt securities excluded accrued interest receivables of $22.9 million and $22.3 million, respectively, which are included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. For the Company’s accounting policy related to AFS debt securities’ accrued interest receivable, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Allowance for Credit Losses on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K.
Unrealized Losses

The following tables present the fair value and the associated gross unrealized losses of the Company’s AFS debt securities, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
($ in thousands)March 31, 2021
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$775,801 $(15,697)$— $— $775,801 $(15,697)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise debt securities954,894 (47,586)— — 954,894 (47,586)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities615,193 (25,203)3,474 (51)618,667 (25,254)
Residential mortgage-backed securities1,464,574 (41,264)358 (1)1,464,932 (41,265)
Municipal securities199,225 (4,959)— — 199,225 (4,959)
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities114,971 (4,374)15,578 (9)130,549 (4,383)
Residential mortgage-backed securities391,444 (3,659)— — 391,444 (3,659)
Corporate debt securities347,934 (25,316)9,974 (27)357,908 (25,343)
Foreign government bonds155,299 (2,092)— — 155,299 (2,092)
Asset-backed securities11,904 (14)— — 11,904 (14)
CLOs— — 291,466 (2,534)291,466 (2,534)
Total AFS debt securities$5,031,239 $(170,164)$320,850 $(2,622)$5,352,089 $(172,786)
($ in thousands)December 31, 2020
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$352,521 $(1,260)$— $— $352,521 $(1,260)
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities292,596 (5,656)3,543 (54)296,139 (5,710)
Residential mortgage-backed securities342,561 (1,611)— — 342,561 (1,611)
Municipal securities24,529 (88)— — 24,529 (88)
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities58,738 (1,230)7,920 — 66,658 (1,230)
Residential mortgage-backed securities90,156 (506)— — 90,156 (506)
Corporate debt securities251,674 (3,645)9,798 (203)261,472 (3,848)
Foreign government bonds106,828 (1,460)— — 106,828 (1,460)
Asset-backed securities— — 34,104 (242)34,104 (242)
CLOs— — 287,494 (6,506)287,494 (6,506)
Total AFS debt securities$1,519,603 $(15,456)$342,859 $(7,005)$1,862,462 $(22,461)
As of March 31, 2021, the Company had a total of 291 AFS debt securities in a gross unrealized loss position with no credit impairment that were comprised primarily of 112 U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities, 41 U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise debt securities and 26 corporate debt securities. In comparison, as of December 31, 2020, the Company had a total of 104 AFS debt securities in a gross unrealized loss position with no credit impairment that were comprised primarily of 46 U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and 17 corporate debt securities.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Each reporting period, the Company assesses each AFS debt security that is in an unrealized loss position to determine whether the decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis resulted from a credit loss or other factors. For a discussion of the factors and criteria the Company uses in analyzing securities for impairment related to credit losses, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Allowance for Credit Losses on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K.

The gross unrealized losses presented in the above tables were primarily attributable to yield curve movements and widened spreads. Securities that were in unrealized loss positions as of March 31, 2021 were mainly comprised of the following:

U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities — The market value decline as of March 31, 2021 was primarily due to interest rate movement. Since these securities (issued by Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae and Freddie Mac) are guaranteed or sponsored by agencies of the U.S. government, and the credit profiles are strong (rated Aaa, AA+ and AAA by Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), Standard and Poor's (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”), respectively), the Company expects to receive all contractual interest payments on-time, and believes the risk of credit losses on these securities is remote.
U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities — The market value decline as of March 31, 2021 was primarily due to interest rate movement. The securities consisted of the debt securities issued by:
Federal Farm Credit Bank, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (rated Aaa, AA+ and AAA rated by Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, respectively).
FHLB debt obligations (rated Aaa and AA+ rated by Moody’s and S&P, respectively).
As these securities are guaranteed or sponsored by the U.S. government and the credit profiles are strong, the Company expects to receive all contractual interest payments on time, and believes the risk of credit losses on these securities is remote.
Corporate debt securities — The market value decline as of March 31, 2021 was primarily due to interest rate movement and the widening in spreads. Since credit profiles of the securities are strong (rated BBB- or higher by Moody’s, S&P, Kroll Bond Rating Agency and Fitch), and the contractual payments from these bonds have been and are expected to be received on time, the Company believes that the risk of credit losses on these securities is remote.

The impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) pandemic has been muted by the government’s aggressive monetary policy, including benchmark rate cuts, and various relief measures that contributed to the gradual and steady recovery of the market to pre-pandemic levels. Overall, the Company believes that the credit support levels of the AFS debt securities are strong and, based on current assessments and macroeconomic forecasts, expects that full contractual cash flows will be received even if near-term credit performance could possibly suffer from future unpredictable impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had the intent to hold the AFS debt securities with unrealized losses through the anticipated recovery period and it was more-likely-than-not that the Company will not have to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost. The issuers of these securities have not, to the Company’s knowledge, established any cause for default on these securities. As a result, the Company expects to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities. Accordingly, there was no allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 provided against these securities. In addition, there was no provision for credit losses recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.
Realized Gains and Losses

The following table presents the gross realized gains and tax expense related to the sales of AFS debt securities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended March 31,
20212020
Gross realized gains$192 $1,529 
Related tax expense$57 $452 

Contractual Maturities of Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

The following table presents the contractual maturities of AFS debt securities as of March 31, 2021. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities on certain securities as the issuers and borrowers of the underlying collateral may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
($ in thousands)Amortized CostFair Value
Due within one year$1,403,404 $1,347,808 
Due after one year through five years688,387 681,602 
Due after five years through ten years1,427,893 1,414,362 
Due after ten years4,384,862 4,345,441 
Total AFS debt securities$7,904,546 $7,789,213 

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, AFS debt securities with fair value of $590.9 million and $588.5 million, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, repurchase agreements and for other purposes required or permitted by law.

Restricted Equity Securities

The following table presents the restricted equity securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
($ in thousands)March 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRBSF”) stock$59,453 $59,249 
FHLB stock23,797 23,797 
Total restricted equity securities$83,250 $83,046