Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of deferred income tax assets and liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are shown below (in millions).


	December 31,
	2022			2021
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Investments – unrealized appreciation	$	41,150		$	55,437
Deferred charges reinsurance assumed		2,073			2,234
Property, plant and equipment and equipment held for lease		32,080			31,323
Goodwill and other intangible assets		7,010			6,748
Other		4,695			4,094
		87,008			99,836
Deferred income tax assets:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses		(1,290	)		(1,091	)
Unearned premiums		(1,196	)		(990	)
Accrued liabilities		(1,790	)		(1,868	)
Regulatory liabilities		(1,323	)		(1,349	)
Other		(5,340	)		(4,859	)
		(10,939	)		(10,157	)
Net deferred income tax liability	$	76,069		$	89,679

Schedule of income tax reconciled to federal statutory amount

Income tax expense (benefit) is reconciled to hypothetical amounts computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate for each of the three years ending December 31, 2022 in the table below (in millions).


	2022			2021			2020
Earnings (loss) before income taxes	$	(30,576	)	$	111,686		$	55,693

Hypothetical income tax expense (benefit) at the U.S. federal statutory rate	$	(6,421	)	$	23,454		$	11,696
Dividends received deduction and tax-exempt interest		(512	)		(457	)		(448	)
State income taxes, less U.S. federal income tax effect		602			(417	)		858
U.S. income tax credits*		(2,187	)		(1,860	)		(1,519	)
Goodwill impairments		—			—			1,977
Other differences, net		—			159			(124	)
	$	(8,518	)	$	20,879		$	12,440
Effective income tax rate		27.9	%		18.7	%		22.3	%

* U.S. income tax credits derive primarily from production tax credits associated with wind-energy generation of BHE and tax credits arising from affordable housing investments.