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Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]  
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments [Table Text Block]
The following table summarizes estimated future benefit payments as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,Amount
2021 $5,015 
20225,410 
20235,573 
20245,991 
20255,938 
2026 - 203033,802 
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure [Text Block] Employee Benefit Plans
Defined Benefit Plans
We have funded and unfunded defined benefit plans covering certain employee groups in the U.S. and various European countries. Local statutory requirements govern many of our European plans. The defined benefit plans are mostly closed to new participants and, in some cases, existing participants no longer accrue benefits.
On June 28, 2019, we approved an amendment to terminate the U.S. Plan and to freeze all related benefit accruals, effective June 30, 2019. U.S. Plan participants were able to receive their full accrued benefits from plan assets by electing either lump sum distributions or annuity contracts with a qualifying third-party annuity provider. The resulting settlement effect of the U.S. Plan termination was determined based on prevailing market conditions, the lump sum offer participation rate of eligible participants, the actual lump sum distributions, and annuity purchase rates at the date of distribution. As a result of these elections, subsequent payments and annuity purchase cost to settle the plan obligations, we reclassified $6 million of unrealized loss from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Interest income and other income, net in our Consolidated Statements of Income during the year ended December 31, 2020 to reflect the final settlement of the plan obligations.
Funded Status
The table below summarizes the funded status of our defined benefit plans (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation - beginning of year$225,388 $201,492 
Acquisitions and divestitures
(506)2,071 
Service cost3,565 3,592 
Interest cost2,740 4,077 
Participant contributions438 408 
Actuarial (gain) / loss10,662 32,018 
Benefits paid (1)
(6,841)(6,849)
Curtailment— (6)
Settlement (2) (3)
(40,565)(8,493)
Currency impact 16,658 (2,922)
Projected benefit obligation - end of year $211,539 $225,388 
Change in fair value of plan assets:
Fair value - beginning of year$83,305 $91,672 
Actual return on plan assets3,663 2,558 
Employer contributions14,028 4,740 
Participant contributions438 408 
Benefits paid(6,798)(6,770)
Settlement (2) (3)
(40,565)(8,493)
Currency impact4,891 (810)
Fair value - end of year$58,962 $83,305 
Funded status at end of year (liability)$(152,577)$(142,083)
Accumulated benefit obligation$208,712 $222,607 
(1) Includes amounts paid from plan assets as well as amounts paid from Company assets.
(2) Reflects the settlement of the plan obligations for the U.S. Plan in 2020.
(3) During 2019, settlement accounting was triggered for three of our European pension plans resulting in a net gain of less than $1 million recognized in Interest income and other income, net in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
The net amounts recognized for defined benefit plans in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Current liabilities$(3,603)$(11,754)
Non-current liabilities(148,974)(130,329)
$(152,577)$(142,083)
The following table summarizes the accumulated benefit obligation and aggregate fair value of plan assets for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Accumulated benefit obligation$208,712 $222,607 
Aggregate fair value of plan assets58,962 83,305 
The following table summarizes the projected benefit obligation and aggregate fair value of plan assets for pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Projected benefit obligation$211,539 $225,388 
Aggregate fair value of plan assets58,962 83,305 
The table below summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used to calculate the year-end benefit obligations:
20202019
Discount rate used to determine benefit obligation0.7 %1.4 %
Rate of future compensation increase1.8 %1.7 %
Net Periodic Benefit Cost
The table below summarizes the components of net periodic benefit cost for our defined benefit plans (in thousands):
 Year Ended
December 31,
202020192018
Service cost$3,565 $3,592 $3,215 
Interest cost2,740 4,077 3,476 
Expected return on plan assets (1)
(2,129)(2,337)(2,949)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain) (2)
1,272 (404)(54)
Settlement loss (gain)5,654 (378)74 
Net periodic benefit cost$11,102 $4,550 $3,762 
(1)    We use the fair value of our plan assets to calculate the expected return on plan assets.
(2)    Actuarial gains and losses are amortized using a corridor approach. Gains and losses are amortized if, as of the beginning of the year, the cumulative net gain or loss exceeds 10 percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the fair value of the plan assets. Gains and losses in excess of the corridor are amortized over the average remaining service period of active members expected to receive benefits under the plan or, in the case of closed plans, the expected future lifetime of the employees participating in the plan.
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost was classified in Selling, general and administrative expenses, while the other components of net periodic benefit cost were classified in Interest income and other income, net in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
The table below summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used to calculate the net periodic benefit cost in the table above:
202020192018
Discount rate used to determine service cost0.7 %1.3 %1.3 %
Discount rate used to determine interest cost1.8 %2.5 %2.5 %
Rate of future compensation increase2.1 %1.8 %1.9 %
Expected long-term return on plan assets (1)
2.9 %3.1 %4.8 %
(1)    Our expected long-term return on plan assets is determined based on our asset allocation and estimate of future long-term returns by asset class.
Assumed mortality is also a key assumption in determining benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost. In some of our European plans, a price inflation index is also an assumption in determining benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost.
As of December 31, 2020, the pre-tax amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted of $47 million of net actuarial losses for our defined benefit plans that have not yet been recognized in net periodic benefit cost. Of this amount, we expect $2 million to be recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost during the year ending December 31, 2021.
Fair Value of Plan Assets    
Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received for selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The tiers in the fair value hierarchy include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted market prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as significant unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. Investments that are valued using net asset value ("NAV") (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient are excluded from the fair value hierarchy disclosure.
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets reported at fair value. The methodologies used at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are the same.
Level 1 investments: Short-term investments are valued initially at cost and adjusted for amortization of any discount or premium. U.S. Bond funds are priced by industry vendors such as Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) Data Services using benchmark yields, reported trades, issuer spreads, and broker/dealer quotes.
Level 3 investments: Investments in insurance contracts represent the cash surrender value of the insurance policy. These are actuarially determined amounts based on projections of future benefit payments, discount rates, and expected long-term rate of return on assets.
The remaining pension assets are valued at net asset value based on the underlying assets owned by the fund administrator, minus liabilities, divided by the number of units outstanding and are included in the table below to reconcile the total investment fair value of our plan assets.
For our unfunded pension plans, the Company pays the defined benefit plan obligations when they become due. The table below summarizes the fair value of our defined benefit plan assets by asset category within the fair value hierarchy for our funded defined benefit pension plans (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
Short-term investments$— $— $— $— $— $433 $— $— $— $433 
U.S. Bonds (1)
— — — — — 29,035 — — — 29,035 
Insurance contracts— — 44,753 — 44,753 — — 40,676 — 40,676 
Mutual fund (2)
— — — 14,209 14,209 — — — 13,161 13,161 
Total investments at fair value
$— $— $44,753 $14,209 $58,962 $29,468 $— $40,676 $13,161 $83,305 
(1)     Consists primarily of U.S. Treasury notes with readily available pricing data.
(2)    The underlying assets of the mutual fund valued at NAV consist of international bonds, equity, real estate and other investments.
The following table summarizes the changes in fair value measurements of Level 3 investments for our defined benefit plans (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Balance at beginning of year$40,676 $60,988 
Actual return on plan assets:
Relating to assets held at the reporting date1,394 1,424 
Purchases, sales and settlements(992)(1,181)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3— (19,640)
Currency impact3,675 (915)
Balance at end of year$44,753 $40,676 
Assets for our defined benefit pension plans in Europe are invested primarily in insurance policies. Under these contracts, we pay premiums to the insurance company, which are based on an internal actuarial analysis performed by the insurance company; the insurance company then funds the pension payments to the plan participants upon retirement. In 2019, we changed our funding for one of our European plans from insurance contracts to a direct investment in a mutual fund which is invested in various international bond, equity, real estate and other investments.
The assets for our U.S. plan were managed by a master trust, with oversight responsibility by our Benefits Committee. During 2019, we engaged an investment advisor to help minimize the volatility in our funded status as we began the process of terminating our U.S. Plan. As a result, we updated our investment strategy such that as of December 31, 2019, our U.S. Plan assets resided primarily in U.S. Bonds, with a smaller allocation of assets in short-term investments. The new investment policy and allocation of the assets was approved by our Benefits Committee. The master trust was liquidated in 2020 to fund the U.S. Plan settlement.
Employer Contributions and Estimated Future Benefit Payments    
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we contributed $14 million to our pension plans. We estimate that contributions to our pension plans during 2021 will be $4 million.
The following table summarizes estimated future benefit payments as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,Amount
2021 $5,015 
20225,410 
20235,573 
20245,991 
20255,938 
2026 - 203033,802 
Schedule Of Changes In Projected Benefit Obligations And Fair Value Of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]
The table below summarizes the funded status of our defined benefit plans (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation - beginning of year$225,388 $201,492 
Acquisitions and divestitures
(506)2,071 
Service cost3,565 3,592 
Interest cost2,740 4,077 
Participant contributions438 408 
Actuarial (gain) / loss10,662 32,018 
Benefits paid (1)
(6,841)(6,849)
Curtailment— (6)
Settlement (2) (3)
(40,565)(8,493)
Currency impact 16,658 (2,922)
Projected benefit obligation - end of year $211,539 $225,388 
Change in fair value of plan assets:
Fair value - beginning of year$83,305 $91,672 
Actual return on plan assets3,663 2,558 
Employer contributions14,028 4,740 
Participant contributions438 408 
Benefits paid(6,798)(6,770)
Settlement (2) (3)
(40,565)(8,493)
Currency impact4,891 (810)
Fair value - end of year$58,962 $83,305 
Funded status at end of year (liability)$(152,577)$(142,083)
Accumulated benefit obligation$208,712 $222,607 
Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet [Table Text Block]
The net amounts recognized for defined benefit plans in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Current liabilities$(3,603)$(11,754)
Non-current liabilities(148,974)(130,329)
$(152,577)$(142,083)
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan with Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]
The following table summarizes the accumulated benefit obligation and aggregate fair value of plan assets for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Accumulated benefit obligation$208,712 $222,607 
Aggregate fair value of plan assets58,962 83,305 
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan with Projected Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]
The following table summarizes the projected benefit obligation and aggregate fair value of plan assets for pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Projected benefit obligation$211,539 $225,388 
Aggregate fair value of plan assets58,962 83,305 
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions [Table Text Block]
The table below summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used to calculate the year-end benefit obligations:
20202019
Discount rate used to determine benefit obligation0.7 %1.4 %
Rate of future compensation increase1.8 %1.7 %
The table below summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used to calculate the net periodic benefit cost in the table above:
202020192018
Discount rate used to determine service cost0.7 %1.3 %1.3 %
Discount rate used to determine interest cost1.8 %2.5 %2.5 %
Rate of future compensation increase2.1 %1.8 %1.9 %
Expected long-term return on plan assets (1)
2.9 %3.1 %4.8 %
Equity Method Investments [Policy Text Block]
Investments in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
Our investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries was $155 million and $139 million as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Europe Segment
Our investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries in Europe was $137 million and $122 million as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We recorded equity in earnings of $8 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 and equity in losses of $33 million and $65 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, mainly related to our investment in Mekonomen.
On December 1, 2016, we acquired a 26.5% equity interest in Mekonomen for an aggregate purchase price of $181 million. In October 2018, we acquired an additional $48 million of equity in Mekonomen at a discounted share price as part of its rights issue, increasing our equity interest to 26.6%. We are accounting for our interest in Mekonomen using the equity method of accounting, as our investment gives us the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee. As of December 31, 2020, our share of the book value of Mekonomen's net assets exceeded the book value of our investment in Mekonomen by $6 million; this difference is primarily related to Mekonomen's Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income balance as of our acquisition date in 2016. We are recording our equity in the net earnings of Mekonomen on a one quarter lag.
During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized other-than-temporary impairment charges of $40 million and $71 million, which represented the difference in the carrying value and the fair value of our investment in Mekonomen. The fair value of our investment in Mekonomen was determined using the Mekonomen share prices as of the dates of our impairment tests. The impairment charges are recorded in Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
In May 2018, we received a cash dividend of $8 million (SEK 67 million) related to our investment in Mekonomen. Mekonomen announced in February 2019 and March 2020, respectively, that the Mekonomen Board of Directors proposed no dividend payment in 2019 or 2020. The Level 1 fair value of our equity investment in the publicly traded Mekonomen common stock at December 31, 2020 was $155 million (using the Mekonomen share price of SEK 91 as of December 31, 2020) compared to a carrying value of $126 million.
In 2018, we participated in a rights issue with preferential rights for Mekonomen's existing shareholders, who were given the right to subscribe for four new Mekonomen shares per seven existing owned shares at a discounted share price. The rights issue represented a derivative instrument related to our right to acquire Mekonomen shares at a discount. We measured the derivative instrument at fair value, and we recorded a derivative loss of $5 million in Interest income and other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income in October 2018 upon the settlement of the derivative instrument.
North America Segment
Our investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries in the North America segment was $19 million and $18 million as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We recorded equity in losses of $3 million and equity in earnings of $1 million for the North America equity investments during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and an immaterial amount for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Table Text Block]
The following table sets forth the classification of total stock-based compensation expense included in our Consolidated Statements of Income for our continuing operations (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
 202020192018
Cost of goods sold$506 $477 $469 
Selling, general and administrative expenses28,572 27,218 22,291 
Total stock-based compensation expense29,078 27,695 22,760 
Income tax benefit(6,614)(6,227)(5,220)
Total stock-based compensation expense, net of tax
$22,464 $21,468 $17,540 
We have not capitalized any stock-based compensation costs during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018.
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs [Table Text Block]
The table below summarizes the components of net periodic benefit cost for our defined benefit plans (in thousands):
 Year Ended
December 31,
202020192018
Service cost$3,565 $3,592 $3,215 
Interest cost2,740 4,077 3,476 
Expected return on plan assets (1)
(2,129)(2,337)(2,949)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain) (2)
1,272 (404)(54)
Settlement loss (gain)5,654 (378)74 
Net periodic benefit cost$11,102 $4,550 $3,762 
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets [Table Text Block] The table below summarizes the fair value of our defined benefit plan assets by asset category within the fair value hierarchy for our funded defined benefit pension plans (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
Short-term investments$— $— $— $— $— $433 $— $— $— $433 
U.S. Bonds (1)
— — — — — 29,035 — — — 29,035 
Insurance contracts— — 44,753 — 44,753 — — 40,676 — 40,676 
Mutual fund (2)
— — — 14,209 14,209 — — — 13,161 13,161 
Total investments at fair value
$— $— $44,753 $14,209 $58,962 $29,468 $— $40,676 $13,161 $83,305 
Change In Fair Value Of Plan Assets Level 3 [Table Text Block]
The following table summarizes the changes in fair value measurements of Level 3 investments for our defined benefit plans (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Balance at beginning of year$40,676 $60,988 
Actual return on plan assets:
Relating to assets held at the reporting date1,394 1,424 
Purchases, sales and settlements(992)(1,181)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3— (19,640)
Currency impact3,675 (915)
Balance at end of year$44,753 $40,676