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Income Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of income before income tax

The components of pretax income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 are as follows (in millions):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
  
2018
  
2017
United States
$
358

  
$
299

  
$
417

International
1,849

  
2,419

  
1,858

 
$
2,207


$
2,718


$
2,275
Schedule of components of income tax expense (benefit)
The provision (benefit) for income taxes is comprised of the following (in millions):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
51

 
$
73

 
$
1,426

State and local
26

 
25

 
(17
)
Foreign
221

 
245

 
151

 
$
298

 
$
343

 
$
1,560

Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
(269
)
 
$
(488
)
 
$
1,788

State and local
(45
)
 
(10
)
 
4

Foreign
431

 
345

 
(64
)
 
117

 
(153
)
 
1,728

 
$
415

 
$
190

 
$
3,288
Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation
The following is a reconciliation of the difference between the actual provision for income taxes and the provision computed by applying the federal statutory rate of 21% for 2019 and 2018 and 35% for 2017 to income before income taxes (in millions):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Provision at statutory rate
$
463

 
$
571

 
$
797

Foreign income taxed at different rates
31

 
(16
)
 
(217
)
Other taxes on foreign operations
(155
)
 
26

 
330

Stock-based compensation
3

 
(3
)
 
(33
)
State taxes, net of federal benefit
(20
)
 
13

 
(13
)
Research and other tax credits
(33
)
 
(30
)
 
(35
)
Tax basis step-up resulting from realignment
199

 
(9
)
 
(695
)
Impact of tax rate change
(19
)
 
108

 
—

U.S. tax reform
—

 
(463
)
 
3,142

Effective settlement of audits
(71
)
 
—

 
—

Other
17

 
(7
)
 
12

 
$
415


$
190


$
3,288
Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities Significant deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following (in millions):
 
As of December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Net operating loss, capital loss and credits
$
158

 
$
136

Accruals and allowances
214

 
168

Stock-based compensation
15

 
22

Amortizable tax basis in intangibles
4,287

 
4,757

Net deferred tax assets
4,674

 
5,083

Valuation allowance
(102
)
 
(65
)
 
$
4,572

 
$
5,018

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Unremitted foreign earnings
$
(2,610
)
 
$
(2,930
)
Acquisition-related intangibles
(37
)
 
(46
)
Depreciation and amortization
(131
)
 
(132
)
Net unrealized gain
(2
)
 
(27
)
Available-for-sale securities
(61
)
 
(15
)
 
(2,841
)
 
(3,150
)
 
$
1,731

 
$
1,868
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits
The following table reflects changes in unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in millions):
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits as of the beginning of the period
$
551

 
$
487

 
$
458

Increases related to prior period tax positions
44

 
64

 
37

Decreases related to prior period tax positions
(114
)
 
(10
)
 
(28
)
Increases related to current period tax positions
28

 
28

 
58

Settlements
(122
)
 
(18
)
 
(38
)
Gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits as of the end of the period
$
387

 
$
551

 
$
487