10-K 1 leap-dec2012q4x10k.htm 10-K LEAP-Dec 2012 Q4-10K


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
________________
FORM 10-K
________________

(Mark One)
R
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012
OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
 
For the transition period from            to           

Commission File Number: 001-34865
Leap Wireless International, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
33-0811062
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
5887 Copley Drive, San Diego, CA
92111
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

(858) 882-6000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value
The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights
 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes o  No R

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o  No R

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes R No o





Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes R  No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. R 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer R
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o
 
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o  No R

As of June 30, 2012, the aggregate market value of the registrant's voting and nonvoting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $350,398,812 based on the closing price of Leap common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on June 29, 2012 of $6.43 per share.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock on February 1, 2013 was 79,134,930.

Documents Incorporated by Reference
Documents incorporated by reference: Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement relating to the 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.




LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
PART I
 
 
 
 
PART II
 
 
 
 
PART III
 
 
 
 
PART IV
 




PART I

As used in this report, unless the context suggests otherwise, the terms "we," "our," "ours," "us," and the "Company" refer to Leap Wireless International, Inc., or Leap, and its subsidiaries and consolidated joint ventures, including Cricket Communications, Inc., or Cricket. Unless otherwise specified, information relating to population and potential customers, or POPs, is based on 2012 population estimates provided by Claritas Inc., a market research company.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Except for the historical information contained herein, this report contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements reflect management's current forecast of certain aspects of our future. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by forward-looking words such as "believe," "think," "may," "could," "will," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "seek," "plan," "project," "expect," "should," "would" and similar expressions in this report. Such statements are based on currently available operating, financial and competitive information and are subject to various risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in or implied by our forward-looking statements. Such risks, uncertainties and assumptions include, among other things:

our ability to attract and retain customers in an extremely competitive marketplace;
our ability to successfully implement product and service plan offerings and execute effectively on our strategic activities;
the impact of competitors' initiatives and our ability to anticipate and respond to such initiatives;
changes in economic conditions, including interest rates, consumer credit conditions, consumer debt levels, consumer confidence, unemployment rates, energy and transportation costs and other macro-economic factors that could adversely affect demand for the services we provide;
our ability to meet significant purchase commitments under agreements we have entered into;
our ability to refinance our indebtedness under, and comply with the covenants in, any credit agreement, indenture or similar instrument governing our existing indebtedness or any future indebtedness;
future customer usage of our wireless services, which could exceed our expectations, and our ability to manage or increase network capacity to meet increasing customer demand, in particular demand for data services;
our ability to offer customers cost-effective LTE services;
our ability to obtain and maintain 3G and 4G roaming and wholesale services from other carriers at cost-effective rates;
our ability to acquire or obtain access to additional spectrum in the future at a reasonable cost or on a timely basis;
failure of our network or information technology systems to perform according to expectations and risks associated with the ongoing operation and maintenance of those systems, including our customer billing system;
our ability to attract, integrate, motivate and retain an experienced workforce, including members of senior management;
our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting; and
other factors detailed in "Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors" below.
All forward-looking statements in this report should be considered in the context of these risk factors. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the filing date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this report may not occur and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Accordingly, users of this report are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements.



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Item 1.
Business

Overview

We are a wireless communications carrier that offers digital wireless services in the U.S. under the "Cricket®" brand. Our Cricket service offerings provide customers with unlimited nationwide wireless services for a flat rate without requiring a fixed-term contract or a credit check.

Cricket service is offered by Cricket, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Leap. Cricket service is also offered in South Texas by our joint venture, STX Wireless Operations, LLC, or STX Operations, which Cricket controls through a 75.75% membership interest in its parent company STX Wireless, LLC, or STX Wireless. For more information regarding this venture, see "Part II - Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Expenditures, Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions.”

Leap was formed as a Delaware corporation in 1998. Leap's shares began trading publicly in September 1998, and we launched our innovative Cricket service in March 1999. Leap conducts operations through its subsidiaries and has no independent operations or sources of income other than interest income and through dividends, if any, from its subsidiaries.

Cricket Business Overview

Cricket Service

As of December 31, 2012, Cricket service was offered in 48 states and the District of Columbia across an extended area covering approximately 292 million POPs. As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately 5.3 million customers, and we owned wireless licenses covering an aggregate of approximately 136.7 million POPs (adjusted to eliminate duplication from overlapping licenses). The combined network footprint in our operating markets covered approximately 96.2 million POPs as of December 31, 2012. The licenses we own provide an average of 23 MHz of coverage in our operating markets. In addition to our Cricket network footprint, we have entered into roaming relationships with other wireless carriers that enable us to offer Cricket customers nationwide voice and data roaming services over an extended service area. We have also entered into a wholesale agreement, which we use to offer Cricket services in nationwide retailers outside of our current network footprint.

Cricket Business Strategy
 
Deliver Superior Customer Experience. Because we offer monthly services without a fixed-term contract, we are required to earn our customers' business every month. As a result, we are focused on improving the experience we provide customers so that they choose to remain a Cricket customer for a longer period. We are improving our device activation process, spending more time with customers to help ensure that they understand and are comfortable with the device they are purchasing. We have also significantly improved the quality of our device portfolio in recent years, including introducing higher-end smartphones such as the iPhone® and Samsung Galaxy handsets. In addition, we are introducing improvements to the in-store experience we and our dealers provide our customers. We are also working to improve ways that we resolve customer service issues, including by introducing more self-service alternatives and improving the quality of call center services we provide.

Retain and Expand Our Customer Base by Providing Value. The foundation of our business is to provide unlimited, nationwide wireless services, and we design and market our products and services to appeal to customers seeking increased value. We continually update our product and service offerings to better meet the needs of our current customers and to attract and retain new ones, including customers who may have previously entered into contract-based service plans with other nationwide carriers. The new service offerings we have introduced in recent years include Muve Music®, an unlimited music download service we developed specifically for mobile handsets, which is now offered for no additional cost in service plans for our Android-based smartphones. We have also introduced Lifeline service offerings in a number of states, which provide qualifying low-income customers with a subsidized discount on their wireless service. We offer current and new customers a diverse handset line-up, ranging from higher-end smartphones to lower-cost feature phones. In addition, through a third party we have introduced a device leasing program in certain of our markets to help customers manage the cost of purchasing a handset, and we plan to expand the availability and type of handset financing programs we offer in 2013. We plan to continue to develop our product and service offerings in 2013 and beyond.
 
Focus on Smart Investments. Our strategy is to be disciplined in pursing investment initiatives and to remain focused on our position as a low-cost provider of wireless telecommunications. During the third quarter of 2012, we increased


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pricing on our devices in an effort to better manage device subsidies and promote the addition of longer-tenured customers. We also plan to streamline and reduce our number of direct and indirect dealer locations in 2013 to attempt to increase the productivity of more attractive locations. In 2012, we continued to enhance our network to allow us to provide customers with high-quality service. We are also exploring cost-effective ways to deliver LTE services to additional customers, including by deploying facilities-based coverage and by entering into partnerships or joint ventures with other carriers. We have deployed LTE across approximately 21 million POPs in our network footprint and may deploy the service across up to an additional approximately 10 million POPs in 2013. In addition, we have recently entered into LTE roaming and wholesale arrangements and may enter into additional partnerships or joint ventures with other carriers. We intend to be disciplined as we pursue delivery of additional LTE services to our customers and to remain focused on our position as a low-cost provider of wireless telecommunications.

Cricket Business Operations

Cricket Products and Services

Cricket Wireless. Our Cricket Wireless service plans are designed to attract customers by offering simple, predictable and affordable nationwide voice and data services that are a competitive alternative to traditional wireless and wireline services. We offer service on a flat-rate, unlimited usage basis, without requiring fixed-term contracts, early termination fees or credit checks.
 
Our most popular Cricket Wireless service plans bundle unlimited voice and data services, which include local and U.S. long distance, text messaging, mobile web, 411 services, navigation, data back-up and other features. The service plans we currently offer are “all-inclusive,” with telecommunication taxes and certain fees included within the service plan price. We also offer a flexible payment option, BridgePayTM, which gives our customers greater flexibility in the use of and payment for our Cricket Wireless service and which we believe helps us to retain customers.

Muve Music. We also offer Muve Music, an unlimited music download service designed specifically for mobile handsets. We launched Muve Music in 2011 and the service is now offered for no additional cost in service plans for our Android-based smartphones. Muve Music was available to more than 1.1 million Cricket customers as of December 31, 2012 and is currently among the largest on-demand music subscription services in the U.S. as measured by the number of paid users.

Cricket Lifeline. We participate in the federal government's Lifeline program, which provides support from the federal universal service fund, or USF, to subsidize discounted telecommunications services for qualified low-income consumers. Through our Cricket Lifeline program, we provide qualified customers with a monthly credit that they can apply to their phone service with us. In order to participate in the Lifeline program in any given state, a carrier must be designated as an eligible telecommunications carrier, or ETC, in that state. As of December 31, 2012, Cricket had been designated as an ETC in 27 states and the District of Columbia. We plan to continue to develop and expand the Lifeline service offerings we provide and to launch the program in additional states.
 
Cricket PAYGoTM. Cricket PAYGo is a pay-as-you-go, unlimited prepaid wireless service designed for customers who prefer the flexibility and control offered by traditional prepaid services. Monthly pay-as-you-go versions of our Cricket PAYGo product are available in all Cricket markets as well as through nationwide retailers. In October 2012, we stopped selling a daily pay-as-you-go version of our Cricket PAYGo product to new customers in order to focus on our more successful monthly service offerings.

Cricket Broadband. Cricket Broadband is our unlimited mobile broadband service offering and allows customers to access the internet through their computers for low, flat rates that vary depending upon the targeted amount of data that a customer expects to use during the month. These service plans are also "all-inclusive" and do not require long-term commitments or credit checks. The service is available in all Cricket markets as well as through nationwide retailers. As a result of strong customer adoption of our smartphones and other new handsets and devices, we have deemphasized our Cricket Broadband service and have experienced a substantial reduction in the number of customers subscribing to this service.
 
We expect to continue to develop our product and service offerings in 2013 and beyond to better meet our customers' needs.




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Devices.

Our current device portfolio includes a wide spectrum of devices ranging from higher-end smartphones to lower-cost feature phones. Our portfolio of devices provides features that include full web capabilities, mobile web browsers, picture-enabled caller ID, high-resolution cameras with digital zoom and flash, integrated FM radio and MP3 stereo, USB, infrared and Bluetooth connectivity, on-board memory and other features to facilitate digital data transmission.

During 2012, we continued to introduce higher-quality, higher-priced devices in our portfolio, including devices manufactured by Samsung, HTC, LG and others. We also introduced the iPhone 4, 4S and 5 to our device line-up in markets that utilize PCS spectrum. We currently offer three LTE-compatible devices and expect to launch additional LTE devices in 2013.

Beginning in the second half of 2012, we increased the average out-the-door selling price for our devices as part of our strategy to manage the amount we spend to subsidize devices we sell to new and current customers. In addition, through a third party we have introduced a device leasing program in certain of our markets to help customers manage the cost of purchasing a device, and we plan to expand the availability and type of device financing programs we offer in 2013.

Customer Care and Billing
 
We outsource our call center operations to multiple call center vendors to manage the cost of providing care to our customers, while still maintaining the quality of our customer care. One of our strategic priorities is to continue to improve ways that we resolve customer service issues, including by introducing more self-service alternatives for customers and improving the quality of the call center services we provide. We are focused on improving the experience we provide our customers so that they choose to remain a Cricket customer for a longer period.
 
We outsource our billing, device provisioning and payment systems to external vendors and also outsource bill presentment, distribution and fulfillment services. In recent years, we have upgraded a number of our significant, internal business systems, including implementing a new inventory management system, a new point-of-sale system and a new customer billing system. We believe that these new systems have improved customer experience, increased our efficiency, enhanced our ability to provide products and services, enabled us to better scale our business operations and reduced our operating costs.
 
Sales and Distribution
 
Our sales and distribution strategy is designed to increase our market penetration, while minimizing expenses associated with sales, distribution and marketing, by focusing on improving the sales process for customers, and by offering easy-to-understand service plans and attractive device pricing and promotions.
 
We sell our Cricket devices and service through direct and indirect channels of distribution. Our direct channel is comprised of our own Cricket retail stores. As of December 31, 2012, we had 195 direct locations, which were responsible for approximately 15% of our gross customer additions in 2012. In addition, we and third-party retailers also sell Cricket services over the internet.
 
Our indirect channel consists of our authorized dealers and distributors, including premier dealers and local market authorized dealers. Premier dealers are independent dealers that sell Cricket products exclusively in stores that look and function similar to our company-owned stores, enhancing the in-store experience and the level of customer service and expanding our brand presence within a market. Premier dealers tend to generate significantly more business than other indirect dealers. As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately 4,350 indirect dealer locations, of which approximately 2,700 were premier dealer locations.

Our indirect channel also includes national retail locations. Beginning in 2011, we began to significantly expand our nationwide sales presence by offering Cricket products and services in thousands of nationwide retail locations. Since that time, we have determined to focus our efforts on those retailers that we believe provide the most attractive opportunities for our business, which currently include Walmart and Radio Shack. As a result, we expect to reduce our total presence in the nationwide retail channel from approximately 13,000 locations at June 30, 2012 to approximately 5,000 locations by early 2013. As of December 31, 2012, Cricket products and services were offered in approximately 8,000 nationwide retail locations. “Top-up” cards for our Cricket Broadband and Cricket PAYGo services are also available in approximately 4,300 convenience stores and other indirect outlets.

We are focused on improving the productivity of our distribution system. We strategically select our direct and indirect retail locations to enable us to focus on our target customer demographic and provide the most efficient market coverage while


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minimizing cost. As part of this strategy, we plan to streamline and reduce our number of direct and indirect dealer locations in 2013 to attempt to increase the productivity of more attractive locations.

In addition, we are focused on building and maintaining brand awareness in our markets. We combine mass and local marketing strategies to build brand awareness for Cricket service within the communities we serve. In order to reach our target segments, we advertise primarily on television, radio and online and also use out-of-home marketing (such as billboards). We also maintain the Cricket website (www.mycricket.com) for informational, e-commerce and customer service purposes.
 
Network Operations and Partnerships
 
As of December 31, 2012, Cricket service was offered in 48 states and the District of Columbia across an extended area covering approximately 292 million POPs.

Network Operations

We offer Cricket service, in part, through a network footprint in our operating markets that covered approximately 96.2 million POPs as of December 31, 2012. We believe our success depends upon utilizing a network that provides customers with high-quality coverage, capacity and data speeds and that can be readily upgraded to support enhanced capacity. We have deployed a high-quality network with CDMA2000® 1xRTT (referred to as CDMA 1xRTT) and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (referred to as EvDO) capability that delivers outstanding quality, capacity and high-speed data services. We continued to enhance network capacity in many of our markets in 2012, and we plan to continue to maintain and develop our network and other business assets to allow us to continue to provide customers with high-quality service.

We have deployed next-generation 4G LTE network technology across approximately 21 million POPs in our network footprint, and we are exploring cost-effective ways to deliver LTE services to additional customers. We may deploy LTE across up to an additional approximately 10 million POPs in our network footprint in 2013. In addition, we have entered into LTE roaming and wholesale arrangements, described below, and we may enter into partnerships or joint ventures with other carriers. We intend to be disciplined as we pursue delivery of additional LTE services to our customers and to remain focused on our position as a low-cost provider of wireless telecommunications.

As of December 31, 2012, our wireless network consisted of approximately 9,700 cell sites (most of which were co-located on leased facilities) and 27 switches in 23 switching centers. A switching center serves several purposes, including routing calls, supervising call originations and terminations at cell sites, managing call handoffs and access to and from the public switched telephone network, or PSTN, and other value-added services. These locations also house platforms that enable services including text messaging, picture messaging, voice mail and data services. In operating our network, we monitor quality metrics, including dropped call rates and blocked call rates. We rely upon a network operations center, or NOC, to provide dedicated monitoring capabilities 24 hours a day, every day of the year, to ensure highly reliable service to our customers. We have outsourced the operation of our NOC to a third party in order to improve monitoring and reporting functions and to reduce costs associated with these operations.
 
Our switches connect to the PSTN through fiber rings leased from third party providers, which facilitate the first leg of origination and termination of traffic between our equipment and both local exchange and long distance carriers. We have negotiated interconnection agreements with relevant exchange carriers in each of our markets. We use third party providers for long distance services and for backhaul services carrying traffic between our cell sites and switching centers.

Roaming and Wholesale Services

In addition to utilizing our Cricket network footprint, we provide Cricket voice and data services through roaming and wholesale relationships that have enabled us to offer enhanced Cricket products and services, strengthen our retail presence in our existing markets and expand our distribution nationwide. We have entered into roaming relationships with national and regional wireless carriers that enable us to offer Cricket customers nationwide voice and data roaming services over an extended service area. We currently rely on one key carrier for 3G data roaming services and recently entered into an agreement with that carrier for 4G LTE roaming services. We have also entered into a wholesale agreement with an affiliate of Sprint Nextel, which we use to offer Cricket voice and data services in nationwide retailers outside of our current network footprint. We recently amended that agreement to enable us to offer 4G LTE services.





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Competition

The wireless telecommunications industry is very competitive. In general, we compete with national facilities-based wireless providers and their prepaid affiliates or brands, local and regional carriers, non-facilities-based mobile virtual network operators (or MVNOs), voice-over-internet-protocol (or VoIP) service providers, traditional landline service providers, cable companies and mobile satellite service providers.

Many of our competitors have greater name and brand recognition, larger spectrum holdings, larger network footprints, access to greater amounts of capital, greater technical, sales, marketing and distribution resources and established relationships with a larger base of current and potential customers. These advantages may allow our competitors to provide service offerings with more extensive features and options than those we currently provide; offer the latest and most popular devices through exclusive vendor arrangements; market to broader customer segments and offer service over larger geographic areas than we can; offer bundled service offerings that include landline phone, television and internet services that we are not able to duplicate; and purchase equipment, supplies, devices and services at lower prices than we can. As device selection and pricing become increasingly important to customers, any restriction on our ability to offer customers the latest and most popular devices as a result of exclusive dealings between device manufacturers and our larger competitors could put us at a significant competitive disadvantage and make it more difficult for us to attract and retain customers. In addition, some of our competitors are able to offer their customers roaming services at lower rates. As consolidation in the industry creates even larger competitors, advantages that our competitors may have, as well as their bargaining power as wholesale providers of roaming services, may increase. For example, in connection with the offering of our nationwide voice and data roaming services, we have encountered problems with certain large wireless carriers in negotiating terms for roaming arrangements that we believe are reasonable, and we believe that consolidation has contributed significantly to some carriers' control over the terms and conditions of wholesale roaming services.

In addition, national wireless providers have recently entered into a number of strategic transactions that could lead to further competitive pressures. In August 2012, Verizon Wireless acquired significant amounts of spectrum from SpectrumCo, a consortium of cable companies. In October 2012, Deutsche Telekom and MetroPCS entered into an agreement to combine T-Mobile and MetroPCS. In October 2012, Softbank agreed to acquire an approximately 70% ownership position in Sprint Nextel, followed in December 2012 by Sprint agreeing to acquire the remaining ownership stake in Clearwire that it did not already own. These transactions are each subject to regulatory review and approval. If consummated, these transactions could further intensify the competitive pressures we face.

The competitive pressures of the wireless telecommunications industry and the attractive growth prospects in the prepaid segment have caused a number of our competitors (including AT&T, Verizon Wireless, Sprint and T-Mobile) to offer competitively-priced unlimited prepaid and postpaid service offerings. In addition, a number of carriers have begun to offer bundled service offerings comprised of unlimited voice service and fixed amounts of data that customers can share across all of their wireless devices. We also face additional competition in the prepaid segment from Lifeline service offerings, which are available to consumers at reduced costs (and in some cases at no cost) because carriers offering this service receive a subsidy payment from the federal USF program. These Lifeline service offerings are also being provided by new MNVO providers who are utilizing other carriers' networks.

In addition to our voice offerings, many companies offer other products and services that compete with those we offer. For example, there are numerous music services that compete with our Muve Music service, including the iTunes service offered by Apple and various streaming services offered by Rhapsody, Pandora, Spotify and others.These various service offerings have presented, and are expected to continue to present, strong competition in markets in which our offerings overlap.
 
We may also face additional competition from new entrants in the wireless marketplace, many of whom may have significantly more resources than we do or who may be able to offer competing wireless services with less capital investment than we require. The FCC is pursuing policies designed to increase the number of wireless licenses and spectrum available for the provision of voice, data and mobile broadband services in each of our markets, as well as policies to increase the level of broadband competition. For example, the FCC has adopted rules that allow the partitioning, disaggregation and leasing of wireless licenses, which may increase the number of our competitors. The FCC announced in March 2010, as part of its National Broadband Plan, the goal of making an additional 500 MHz of spectrum available for broadband use within the next 10 years, of which the FCC stated that 300 MHz should be made available for mobile use within five years. The FCC has also adopted policies to allow satellite operators to use portions of their spectrum for ancillary terrestrial use and recently made further changes intended to facilitate the terrestrial use of this spectrum for voice, data and mobile broadband services. For example, the FCC recently approved a proposal from Dish Network to convert spectrum currently used for satellite service into spectrum that would support a terrestrial wireless network. The FCC has also permitted the offering of broadband services over power lines. The auction and licensing of new spectrum, the re-purposing of other spectrum or the pursuit of policies designed to


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encourage broadband adoption across wireline and wireless platforms may result in new or existing competitors acquiring additional capacity or offering voice or data services without deploying their own wireless facilities, which could allow them to offer services that we may not be able to offer cost effectively, or at all, with the licenses we hold or to which we have access.

The evolving competitive landscape negatively impacted our financial and operating results in 2012, including in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2012 when we experienced net customer losses. Our ability to remain competitive will depend, in part, on our ability to anticipate and respond to various competitive factors and to keep our costs low. During the third quarter of 2012, we increased pricing on our devices in an effort to better manage device subsidies and promote the addition of longer-tenured customers, although such changes have also had the effect of decreasing gross customer additions. We also introduced new pricing plans for our service offerings, which included new features such as visual voicemail on certain smartphones, enhanced international calling plans, and supplemental data packages, and we enhanced our Muve Music service, which is now offered for no additional cost in service plans for our Android-based smartphones. In addition, through a third party we have introduced a device leasing program in certain of our markets to help customers manage the cost of purchasing a handset, and we plan to expand the availability and type of handset financing programs we offer in 2013. The extent to which these initiatives and others we may introduce will positively impact our future financial and operational results will depend upon our continued efforts to enhance the productivity of our distribution channels, continued customer acceptance of our product and service offerings, and our ability to retain these customers. The evolving competitive landscape may result in more competitive pricing, slower growth, higher costs and increased customer turnover. Any of these results or actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Government Regulation
 
Pursuant to its authority under the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, or the Communications Act, the FCC regulates the licensing, construction, modification, operation, ownership, sale and interconnection of wireless communications systems, as do some state and local regulatory agencies. Congress also periodically revises or enacts laws affecting the telecommunications industry, as do state legislatures. Decisions by these bodies could have a significant impact on the competitive market structure among wireless providers and on the relationships between wireless providers and other carriers. These mandates may also impose significant financial, operational or service obligations on us and other wireless providers. We are unable to predict the scope, pace or financial impact of legal or policy changes that could be adopted in these proceedings.
 
Licensing of our Wireless Service Systems
 
We hold broadband Personal Communications Services, or PCS, licenses, Advanced Wireless Services, or AWS, licenses and a 700 MHz license. The licensing rules that apply to these three categories of licenses are summarized below.
 
PCS Licenses. A broadband PCS system operates under a license granted by the FCC for a particular market on one of six frequency blocks allocated for broadband PCS. Broadband PCS systems generally are used for two-way voice and data applications. Narrowband PCS systems, in contrast, generally are used for non-voice applications such as paging and data service and are separately licensed. The FCC has segmented the U.S. PCS markets into 51 large regions called major trading areas, or MTAs, which in turn are comprised of 493 smaller regions called basic trading areas, or BTAs. The FCC awards two broadband PCS licenses for each MTA and four licenses for each BTA. Thus, generally, six PCS licensees are authorized to compete in each area. The two MTA licenses authorize the use of 30 MHz of spectrum. One of the BTA licenses is for 30 MHz of spectrum, and the other three BTA licenses are for 10 MHz each. The FCC permits licensees to split their licenses and assign a portion to a third party on either a geographic or frequency basis or both. Over time, the FCC has also further split licenses in connection with re-auctions of PCS spectrum, creating additional 15 MHz and 10 MHz licenses.
 
All PCS licensees must satisfy minimum geographic coverage requirements within five and, in some cases, ten years after the license grant date. These initial requirements are met for most 10 MHz licenses when a signal level sufficient to provide adequate service is offered to at least one-quarter of the population of the licensed area within five years, or in the alternative, a showing of substantial service is made for the licensed area within five years of being licensed. For 30 MHz licenses, a signal level must be provided that is sufficient to offer adequate service to at least one-third of the population within five years and two-thirds of the population within ten years after the license grant date. In the alternative, 30 MHz licensees may provide substantial service to their licensed area within the appropriate five- and ten-year benchmarks. “Substantial service” is defined by the FCC as service that is “sound, favorable, and substantially above a level of mediocre service which just might minimally warrant renewal.” In general, a failure to comply with FCC coverage requirements could cause the revocation of the relevant wireless license, with no eligibility to regain it, or the imposition of fines and/or other sanctions.
 
All PCS licenses have a 10-year term, at the end of which they must be renewed. Our PCS licenses began expiring in 2006 and will continue to expire through 2015. The FCC's rules provide a formal presumption that a PCS license will be renewed,


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called a “renewal expectancy,” if the PCS licensee (1) has provided “substantial service” during its past license term, and (2) has substantially complied with applicable FCC rules and policies and the Communications Act. If a licensee does not receive a renewal expectancy, then the FCC will accept competing applications for the license renewal period and, subject to a comparative hearing, may award the license to another party. If the FCC does not acknowledge a renewal expectancy with respect to one or more of our licenses, or renew one or more of our licenses, our business may be materially harmed.
 
AWS Licenses. Recognizing the increasing consumer demand for wireless mobile services, the FCC has allocated additional spectrum that can be used for two-way mobile wireless voice, data and broadband services, including AWS spectrum. The FCC has licensed six frequency blocks consisting of one 20 MHz license in each of 734 cellular market areas, or CMAs; one 20 MHz license and one 10 MHz license in each of 176 economic areas, or EAs; and two 10 MHz licenses and one 20 MHz license in each of 12 regional economic area groupings, or REAGs.
 
AWS licenses generally have a 15-year term, at the end of which they must be renewed. With respect to construction requirements, an AWS licensee must offer “substantial service” to the public at the end of the license term. As noted above, a failure to comply with FCC coverage requirements could cause the revocation of the relevant wireless license, with no eligibility to regain it, or the imposition of fines and/or other sanctions.
 
Portions of the AWS spectrum that we hold were originally subject to use by U.S. government and/or incumbent commercial licensees. The FCC rules issued in connection with Auction #66 required winning bidders to avoid interfering with existing users or to clear incumbent users from the spectrum through specified relocation procedures. In connection with the launch of new markets, we worked with several incumbent government and commercial licensees to clear AWS spectrum. In the event that we determine to launch additional new markets in the future using AWS spectrum, or to enhance network coverage or capacity in other markets currently in operation, we may need to pursue further spectrum clearing efforts. Any failure to complete these efforts on time or on budget could delay implementation of any clustering and expansion strategies that we may decide to pursue.

700 MHz License. The FCC has also assigned licenses in several auctions for use of the 700 MHz band, which had been occupied by television broadcast stations but was made available for commercial and public safety services as a result of the digital television, or DTV, transition. Initial licenses in the 700 MHz band were granted for ten-year terms. For CMA and EA licenses offered in Auction # 92 (such as the 700 MHz license that we acquired from Verizon Wireless in 2012), licensees must provide signal coverage and offer service to (1) at least 35% of the geographic area of the license within four years of the initial license grant, and (2) at least 70% of the geographic area of the license at the end of the license term. Licensees must file construction notifications, all necessary supporting documentation, and required certifications with the FCC to demonstrate compliance with interim and end-of-term construction benchmarks. Any licensee that fails to meet the interim requirement within their license areas will have its license term reduced from ten to eight years, thus requiring the licensee to meet the end-of-term benchmark at an accelerated schedule. For those licenses in which the end-of-term performance requirements have not been met, the unused portion of the license will terminate automatically without FCC action and will become available for reassignment, subject to the "keep-what-you-use" rule. Another potential constraint on 700 MHz band licensees is that they must operate in accordance with the FCC rules intended to reduce the potential for interference to public reception of the signals of DTV broadcast stations transmitting on DTV Channel 51.

Our 700 MHz A block license in Chicago is an EA license that is subject to a December 13, 2013 interim construction deadline. While we have been engaged in the first stages of development of this license to supplement existing wireless capacity in this market, we must coordinate with the incumbent broadcaster on DTV Channel 51 in order to commence operations, and we may be delayed in our ultimate ability to construct facilities and operate on this spectrum. We thus may need to seek relief from the FCC from the interim construction benchmark, and/or ask the FCC for relief from DTV interference protection requirements.

Designated Entities. Since the early 1990's the FCC has pursued a policy in wireless licensing of attempting to assist various types of designated entities. The FCC generally has determined that designated entities who qualify as small businesses or very small businesses, as defined by a complex set of FCC rules, can receive additional benefits. These benefits can include eligibility to bid for certain licenses set aside only for designated entities. The FCC generally required holders of these licenses to meet certain maximum financial size qualifications for at least a five-year period. In addition, designated entities are eligible for bidding credits in most spectrum auctions and re-auctions, and, in some cases, an installment loan from the federal government for a significant portion of the dollar amount of the winning bids. A failure by an entity to maintain its qualifications to own licenses won through the designated entity program could cause a number of adverse consequences, including the ineligibility to hold licenses for which the FCC's minimum coverage requirements have not been met, and the triggering of FCC unjust enrichment rules, which could require the recapture of bidding credits and the acceleration of any installment payments owed to the U.S. Treasury.


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The FCC has implemented rules and policies to ensure that only legitimate small businesses benefit from the program, and that such small businesses are not controlled or manipulated by larger wireless carriers or other investors that do not meet the small business qualification tests. For example, designated entity structures are subject to a requirement that they seek approval for any event that might affect their ongoing eligibility (for example, changes in agreements that the FCC has previously reviewed), annual reporting requirements and a commitment by the FCC to audit each designated entity at least once during the license term. In addition, third parties and the federal government have in the past challenged certain designated entity structures, alleging violations of federal qui tam and other laws and seeking significant monetary damages. We cannot predict the degree to which rule changes, federal court litigation surrounding designated entity structures, increased regulatory scrutiny or third party or government lawsuits will affect our prior investments in designated entities, future business ventures or our participation in future FCC spectrum auctions.
 
Foreign Ownership. Under existing law, no more than 20% of an FCC licensee's capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, or voted by non-U.S. citizens or their representatives, by a foreign government or its representatives or by a foreign corporation. If an FCC licensee is controlled by another entity (as is the case with Leap's ownership and control of subsidiaries that hold FCC licenses), up to 25% of that entity's capital stock may be owned or voted by non-U.S. citizens or their representatives, by a foreign government or its representatives or by a foreign corporation. Foreign ownership above the 25% holding company level may be allowed if the FCC finds such higher levels consistent with the public interest. The FCC has ruled that higher levels of foreign ownership, even up to 100%, are presumptively consistent with the public interest with respect to investors from certain nations. If our foreign ownership were to exceed the permitted level, the FCC could revoke our wireless licenses, although we could seek a declaratory ruling from the FCC allowing the foreign ownership or could take other actions to reduce our foreign ownership percentage in order to avoid the loss of our licenses. We have no knowledge of any present foreign ownership in violation of these restrictions.
 
Transfer and Assignment. The Communications Act and FCC rules require the FCC's prior approval of the assignment or transfer of control of a commercial wireless license, with limited exceptions. The FCC may prohibit or impose conditions on assignments and transfers of control of licenses. Non-controlling membership interests in an entity that holds a wireless license generally may be bought or sold without FCC approval. The FCC engages in a case-by-case review of transactions that involve the consolidation of spectrum licenses or leases and applies a spectrum “screen” in examining such transactions. Although we cannot assure you that the FCC will approve or act in a timely fashion upon any pending or future requests for approval of assignment or transfer of control applications that we file, in general we believe the FCC will approve or grant such requests or applications in due course. Because an FCC license is necessary to lawfully provide wireless service, if the FCC were to disapprove any such filing, our business plans would be adversely affected.

FCC Regulation Generally
 
The FCC has a number of other complex requirements and proceedings that affect our operations and that could increase our costs or diminish our revenues. For example, the FCC requires wireless carriers to make available emergency 911, or E911, services, including enhanced E911 services that provide the caller's telephone number and detailed location information to emergency responders, as well as a requirement that E911 services be made available to users with speech or hearing disabilities. Our obligations to implement these services occur on a market-by-market basis as emergency service providers request the implementation of enhanced E911 services in their locales. Absent a waiver, a failure to comply with these requirements could subject us to significant penalties. Furthermore, the FCC has initiated a comprehensive re-examination of E911 location accuracy and reliability requirements. In connection with this re-examination, the FCC issued an order requiring wireless carriers to satisfy E911 location and reliability standards at a geographical level defined by the coverage area of a Public Safety Answering Point, or PSAP, and has indicated that further action may be taken in future proceedings to establish more stringent, uniform location accuracy requirements across technologies, and to promote continuing development of technologies that might enable carriers to provide public safety with better information for locating persons in the event of an emergency. We cannot predict whether or how such actions will affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
FCC rules also require that local exchange carriers and most commercial mobile radio service providers, including providers like Cricket, allow customers to change service providers without changing telephone numbers. For wireless service providers, this mandate is referred to as wireless local number portability. The FCC also has adopted rules governing the porting of wireline telephone numbers to wireless carriers.
 
The FCC has the authority to order interconnection between commercial mobile radio service operators and incumbent local exchange carriers, and FCC rules provide that all local exchange carriers must enter into compensation arrangements with commercial mobile radio service carriers for the exchange of local traffic, whereby each carrier compensates the other for terminating local traffic originating on the other carrier's network. As a commercial mobile radio services provider, we are


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required to pay compensation to a wireline local exchange carrier that transports and terminates a local call that originated on our network. Similarly, we are entitled to receive compensation when we transport and terminate a local call that originated on a wireline local exchange network. We negotiate interconnection arrangements for our network with major incumbent local exchange carriers and other independent telephone companies. If an agreement cannot be reached, under certain circumstances, parties to interconnection negotiations can submit outstanding disputes to state authorities for arbitration. Negotiated interconnection agreements are subject to state approval. The FCC's interconnection rules and rulings, as well as state arbitration proceedings, directly impact the nature and costs of facilities necessary for the interconnection of our network with other wireless telecommunications networks. They also determine the amount we receive for terminating calls originating on the networks of local exchange carriers and other telecommunications carriers. The FCC in recent years adopted comprehensive changes to its intercarrier compensation system, which include, among other things, the transition of all types of traffic to a bill-and-keep regime over a multi-year period, as well as a mechanism to offset the resulting revenue losses for incumbents. For wireless carriers, the FCC made the transition immediately, and adopted bill-and-keep as the default compensation for intra-MTA traffic exchanged between local exchange carriers, or LECs, and wireless carriers as of the effective date of the order. Various aspects of the FCC's intercarrier compensation regime are subject to review before the FCC, state regulatory bodies or federal or state courts. The outcome of such proceedings may affect the manner in which we are charged or compensated for the exchange of traffic.
 
The FCC has adopted rules requiring commercial mobile radio service providers to provide automatic roaming for voice and SMS text messaging services on just, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms. The FCC has also adopted rules generally requiring carriers to offer data roaming services on commercially reasonable terms. These orders, however, do not provide or mandate any specific mechanism for determining the reasonableness of roaming rates and require that roaming complaints be resolved on a case-by-case basis, based on a non-exclusive list of factors that can be taken into account in determining the reasonableness of particular conduct or rates. The FCC's data roaming order and rules were recently affirmed on appeal, although they are still subject to a petition for reconsideration at the FCC. Our inability to obtain these roaming services on a cost-effective basis may limit our ability to compete effectively for wireless customers, which may increase our churn and decrease our revenues, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
The FCC has adopted an order codifying and supplementing its previous internet openness principles (sometimes referred to as “network neutrality” principles) into binding rules. These rules are intended to ensure that consumers are able to access the lawful internet content, applications, and services of their choice, and to attach non-harmful devices to the network. The rules also require greater transparency regarding providers' network management practices. The rules in this proceeding are the subject of pending appeals in federal court, and if they survive judicial review, contain uncertainties that will require future case-by-case interpretation and enforcement by the FCC in specific complaints. These rules and pending review and complaint proceedings affecting their interpretation and enforcement could have significant operational implications for how we manage traffic on our network, the applications and devices that can be used on our networks, and our consumer disclosure practices. We cannot predict how these rules, or their interpretation or enforcement, will affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
The FCC has rules in place requiring interstate communications carriers, including commercial mobile wireless carriers, to contribute to a federal USF that reimburses communications carriers who are providing subsidized communications services to underserved areas and users. The FCC requires carriers to determine their percentage of traffic that is interstate or international and to make contributions based on the revenues associated with such traffic. Our failure to comply with our USF obligations could subject us to significant fines or forfeitures. The FCC is also considering whether to amend rules regarding USF contributions, and new requirements could result in increased contribution obligations for us and other carriers.
 
We participate in the federal government's Lifeline program, which provides support from the USF to subsidize discounted telecommunications services for qualified low-income consumers. In order to participate in the Lifeline program in any given state, a carrier must be designated as an ETC in that state. As of December 31, 2012, Cricket had been designated as an ETC in 27 states and the District of Columbia. In January 2012, the FCC adopted an order regarding the Lifeline program, the stated purpose of which is to streamline the administration of the program and to implement measures to curb perceived waste, fraud and abuse in the program. In addition, various states are considering or enacting rules with similar stated purposes as the FCC order. In connection with the FCC's order, among other things, we are required to have our Lifeline customers re-certify on an annual basis their eligibility to participate in the program. These requirements could result in the loss of Lifeline customers and associated funding from the USF if these customers fail to meet the FCC's eligibility standards or fail to respond to requests to re-certify their eligibility. Further, the FCC is developing a National Lifeline Accountability Database, the primary purpose of which will be to validate the identity of Lifeline customers and prevent Lifeline support from being provided to more than one eligible recipient per household in accordance with FCC regulations. While the timing of the deployment of the database is uncertain, its implementation and use could reduce the number of customers we enroll in our Lifeline programs and thus the amount of Lifeline funding we receive. In addition, the FCC could pursue enforcement action against us and impose monetary


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penalties if it were to conclude that we violated any of the Lifeline rules. In addition, future action by Congress, the FCC, or the states in which we have been designated as an ETC could reduce or eliminate the amount of Lifeline funding we receive for providing wireless service to certain qualifying low income customers, which could result in the loss of subscribers and the associated service revenue.

In November 2011, the FCC adopted an order establishing new universal service support mechanisms intended to support both voice and broadband services in high-cost areas, which would be funded through a new Connect America Fund, or CAF. Over time, these CAF mechanisms will replace legacy high-cost support mechanisms that currently provide funding to wireless carriers and other ETCs. The new CAF mechanisms place greater limits on the total amount of high-cost support available to wireless ETCs (as opposed to wireline incumbents). At the same time, the CAF mechanisms will reduce or eliminate available support in certain high-cost areas that benefit from competition. The CAF program has not yet been implemented fully, and the FCC has sought further public comment with respect to certain details of its implementation. For example, the FCC has stated its intent to distribute funds to wireless ETCs through a competitive auction mechanism but has not yet finalized the details of such a program. In addition, the FCC order establishing the CAF program is the subject of pending petitions for reconsideration filed with the FCC, as well as pending judicial appeals. As such, there is uncertainty as to how and when the CAF program will be implemented fully and how such implementation could impact wireless carriers and competition in local and national markets.

We also are subject, or potentially subject, to numerous additional rules and requirements, including universal service obligations; number portability requirements; number pooling rules; rules governing billing, subscriber privacy and customer proprietary network information; roaming obligations; rules that require wireless service providers to configure their networks to facilitate electronic surveillance by law enforcement officials; rate averaging and integration requirements; rules governing spam, telemarketing and truth-in-billing; and rules requiring us to offer equipment and services that are accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities, among others. There are also pending proceedings exploring the imposition of various types of nondiscrimination, open access and broadband management obligations on our devices and networks; the prohibition of device exclusivity; the possible re-imposition of bright-line spectrum aggregation requirements; further regulation of special access used for wireless backhaul services; and the effects of the siting of communications towers on migratory birds, among others. Some of these requirements and pending proceedings (of which the foregoing examples are not an exhaustive list) pose technical and operational challenges to which we, and the industry as a whole, have not yet developed clear solutions. These requirements generally are the subject of pending FCC or judicial proceedings, and we are unable to predict how they may affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
State, Local and Other Regulation
 
Congress has given the FCC the authority to preempt states from regulating rates and entry into commercial mobile radio service. The FCC, to date, has denied all state petitions to regulate the rates charged by commercial mobile radio service providers. State and local governments are permitted to manage public rights of way and can require fair and reasonable compensation from telecommunications providers, on a competitively neutral and nondiscriminatory basis, for the use of such rights of way by telecommunications carriers, including commercial mobile radio service providers, so long as the compensation required is publicly disclosed by the state or local government. States may also impose competitively neutral requirements that are necessary for universal service, to protect the public safety and welfare, to ensure continued service quality and to safeguard the rights of consumers. While a state may not impose requirements that effectively function as barriers to entry or create a competitive disadvantage, the scope of state authority to maintain existing requirements or to adopt new requirements is unclear. State legislators, public utility commissions and other state agencies are becoming increasingly active in efforts to regulate wireless carriers and the service they provide, including efforts to conserve numbering resources and efforts aimed at regulating service quality, advertising, warranties and returns, rebates, and other consumer protection measures.
 
The location and construction of our wireless antennas and base stations and the towers we lease on which such antennas are located are subject to FCC and Federal Aviation Administration regulations, federal, state and local environmental and historic preservation regulations, and state and local zoning, land use or other requirements.
 
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, or DMCA, prohibits the circumvention of technological measures or access controls employed by or on behalf of copyright owners to protect their copyrighted works. However, under the DMCA, the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress, or the Copyright Office, has the authority to exempt for three-year periods certain circumventing activities that might otherwise be prohibited by the statute. In July 2010, the Copyright Office granted an exemption to the DMCA to allow the circumvention of software locks and other firmware that prohibit a wireless handset from connecting to a wireless network when such circumvention is accomplished for the sole purpose of lawfully connecting the handset to another network. This exemption permitted locked handsets purchased from one wireless carrier to be unlocked and then activated on another carrier's network. On October 28, 2012, the Copyright Office issued a new exemption under the


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DMCA, which only permits the circumvention of software locks on handsets purchased before January 26, 2013. In order for locked devices purchased after this date to be connected to another carrier's network, the customer must obtain the prior carrier's consent to unlock the device. This new, narrowed exemption, and any further modification of the DMCA copyright exemption, could impact our ability to attract and activate new customers.

We cannot assure you that any federal, state or local regulatory requirements currently applicable to our systems will not be changed in the future or that regulatory requirements will not be adopted in those states and localities that currently have none. Such changes could impose new obligations on us that could adversely affect our operating results.
 
Privacy
 
We are obligated to comply with a variety of federal and state privacy and consumer protection requirements. The Communications Act and FCC rules, for example, impose various rules on us intended to protect against the disclosure of customer proprietary network information. Other FCC and Federal Trade Commission rules regulate the disclosure and sharing of subscriber information. We have developed and comply with a policy designed to protect the privacy of our customers and their personal information. State legislatures and regulators are considering imposing additional requirements on companies to further protect the privacy of wireless customers. Our need to comply with these rules, and to address complaints by subscribers invoking them, could adversely affect our operating results.
 
Intellectual Property
 
We have pursued registration of our primary trademarks and service marks in the United States. Leap is a U.S. registered trademark and the Leap logo is a trademark of Leap. Cricket, Cricket Wireless, Cricket Clicks, Muve Music, Muve First, Muve Headliner, MyPerks, Flex Bucket, Real Unlimited Unreal Savings and the Cricket “K” are U.S. registered trademarks of Cricket. In addition, the following are trademarks or service marks of Cricket: BridgePay, Cricket By Week, Cricket Choice, Cricket Connect, Cricket Nation, Cricket PAYGo, Muve, Muve Money, Cricket Crosswave, Seek Music, Cricket MyPerks and Cricket Wireless Internet Service. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

We also have several patents and have several patent applications pending in the United States relating to telecommunications and related services. However, our business is not substantially dependent upon any of our patents or patent applications. We believe that our technical expertise, operational efficiency, cost structure and ability to introduce new products in a timely manner are more critical to maintaining our competitive position in the future.
 
Availability of Public Reports
 
As soon as is reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, our proxy statements, Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports, are available free of charge at www.leapwireless.com. They are also available free of charge on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. In addition, any materials filed with the SEC may be read and copied by the public at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The information on our website is not part of this report or any other report that we furnish to or file with the SEC.
 
Financial Information Concerning Segments and Geographical Information
 
Financial information concerning our operating segment and the geographic area in which we operate is included in “Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report.
 
Employees
 
As of December 31, 2012, we had 3,292 employees.

Seasonality

Our customer activity is influenced by seasonal effects related to traditional retail selling periods and other factors that arise in connection with our target customer base. Based on historical results, we generally expect new sales activity to be highest in the first and fourth quarters, although during 2012 we experienced our lowest customer activity during the fourth quarter due, in part, to pricing changes we introduced in the third quarter which reduced the amount of subsidy we provide on devices. Based on historical results, we also generally expect churn to be highest in the third quarter and lowest in the first quarter. Sales


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activity and churn, however, can be strongly affected by other factors, including changes in service plan pricing, device availability, economic conditions, high unemployment (particularly in the lower-income segment of our customer base) and competitive actions, any of which may either offset or magnify certain seasonal effects. Customer activity can also be strongly affected by promotional and retention efforts that we undertake. For example, from time to time, we lower the price on select smartphones for customers who activate a new line of service and then transfer phone numbers previously used with other carriers. This type of promotion is intended to drive significant, new customer activity for our smartphone handsets and their accompanying higher-priced service plans. We also frequently offer existing customers the opportunity to activate an additional line of voice service on a previously activated Cricket device not currently in service. Customers accepting this offer receive a free first month of service on the additional line of service after paying an activation fee. We also utilize retention programs to encourage existing customers whose service may have been suspended for failure to timely pay to continue service with us for a reduced or free amount. The design, size and duration of our promotional and retention programs vary over time in response to changing market conditions. We believe that our promotional and retention efforts, including those efforts described above, have generally provided and continue to provide important long-term benefits to us, including by helping us attract new customers for our wireless services or by extending the period of time over which customers use our services, thus allowing us to obtain additional revenue from handsets we have already sold. The success of any of these activities depends upon many factors, including the cost that we incur to attract or retain customers and the length of time these customers continue to use our services. Sales activity that would otherwise have been expected based on seasonal trends can also be negatively impacted by factors such as the billing system disruptions we experienced in 2011, promotional and retention efforts not performing as expected at various times in 2012, device quality issues, and inventory shortages for or unavailability of certain of our strongest-selling devices that we have experienced at various times.

Inflation

We believe inflation has not had a material effect on our results of operations.



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Executive Officers of the Registrant
Name
 
Age
 
Position with the Company
S. Douglas Hutcheson
 
56
 
Chief Executive Officer
Jerry V. Elliott
 
53
 
President and Chief Operating Officer
William D. Ingram
 
55
 
Executive Vice President, Strategy
R. Perley McBride
 
47
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Robert A. Strickland
 
51
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Technical Officer
Robert J. Irving, Jr.
 
56
 
Senior Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel and Secretary
Anne M. Liu
 
51
 
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

S. Douglas Hutcheson has served as our chief executive officer, or CEO, and a member of our board of directors since February 2005. Mr. Hutcheson has held a number of positions with us since joining in September 1998 as part of our founding management team, having served as our president between February 2005 and November 2012, chief financial officer, or CFO, between August 2002 and February 2005 and again between September 2007 and June 2008, and in a number of vice president roles between September 1998 and January 2004 with responsibility for areas including strategic planning and product and business development. From February 1995 to September 1998, Mr. Hutcheson served as vice president, marketing in the Wireless Infrastructure Division at Qualcomm Incorporated. Mr. Hutcheson also serves as a member of the board of directors of Pitney Bowes Inc. Mr. Hutcheson holds a B.S. in mechanical engineering from California Polytechnic University and an M.B.A. from the University of California, Irvine.

Jerry V. Elliott has served as our president and chief operating officer since November 2012. Mr. Elliott previously served as our executive vice president and chief financial officer from May 2012 to December 2012. Prior to joining us, from 2009 to 2011 Mr. Elliott served as chief financial officer and chief administrative officer of The Weather Channel, Inc. In 2009, Mr. Elliott served as chief financial officer at Virgin Media, Inc., where he led all aspects of finance, strategy and planning, purchasing, facilities and information services. In 2008, he served as chief operating officer and chief financial officer of Cengage Learning, Inc., a digital and print provider of higher education materials. Prior to that, from 2006 until it was acquired by Crown Castle in 2007, Mr. Elliott served as the president and chief executive officer of Global Signal, Inc., the owner, lessor and manager of communication towers and other communications sites. From 2002 to 2006, he served as chief financial officer, and later as president and a director, of Frontier Communications, a provider of communication services. From 1987 to 2002, Mr. Elliott held a number of financial, legal and management roles in the investment banking and legal fields. Mr. Elliott holds a B.B.A. in Accounting and Finance and a J.D. from Baylor University and an LL.M. in Taxation from New York University.

William D. Ingram has served as our executive vice president, strategy since February 2012. Mr. Ingram previously served as acting CFO from March 2012 to May 2012, as senior vice president, strategy from April 2008 through February 2012, as senior vice president, financial operations from February 2008 to April 2008, and as a consultant to us from August 2007 to February 2008. Prior to joining us, Mr. Ingram served as vice president and general manager of AudioCodes, Inc., a telecommunications equipment company from July 2006 to March 2007. Prior to that, Mr. Ingram served as the president and chief executive officer of Nuera Communications, Inc., a provider of VoIP infrastructure solutions, from September 1996 until it was acquired by AudioCodes, Inc. in July 2006. Prior to joining Nuera Communications in 1996, Mr. Ingram served as the chief operating officer of the clarity products division of Pacific Communication Sciences, Inc., a provider of wireless data communications products, as president of Ivie Industries, Inc. a computer security and hardware manufacturer, and as president of KevTon, Inc. an electronics manufacturing company. Mr. Ingram holds an A.B. in economics from Stanford University and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.

R. Perley McBride has served as our executive vice president and CFO since December 2012. Prior to joining us, from September 2011 to December 2012 Mr. McBride served as the executive vice president of finance at The Weather Company, or TWC (which consists of The Weather Channel television network, The Weather Channel digital properties (weather.com and The Weather Channel mobile), Weather Underground, and the professional division, which includes Weather Services International and Weather Central), overseeing the company’s accounting, tax, treasury, procurement, real estate, facilities, financial planning and analysis, operational and strategic planning, risk and insurance, and corporate development functions. Prior to that, Mr. McBride served in senior vice president positions at TWC from April 2010 to September 2011, overseeing treasury, procurement, real estate, facilities, financial planning and analysis, operational and strategic planning, and corporate development functions. From August 1999 to April 2010, Mr. McBride served in finance roles at Frontier Communications, a


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provider of communication services, including as vice president of financial planning and analysis. Prior to that, from April 1994 to August 1999 Mr. McBride held accounting and finance roles with Sprint PCS and Citizens Communications. Mr. McBride holds a B.S. from Mount Allison University in Canada and an M.B.A. from the University of Houston.

Robert A. Strickland has served as our executive vice president and chief technical officer since February 2012. From August 2010 to February 2012, Mr. Strickland provided strategic information technology consulting services through his own firm. Prior to that, Mr. Strickland served as senior vice president and chief information officer of T-Mobile USA, Inc. from December 2006 to March 2010. Prior to joining T-Mobile USA, Strickland served as senior vice president and chief information officer at EchoStar Communications Corporation from May 2005 to November 2006. From January 2004 to April 2005, he served as president and chief operating officer of Silas Technologies Holdings, Inc. and served as chief executive officer of Xperts, Inc. from February 2001 to January 2004. From 1984 to 2001, Strickland held a number of IT, engineering and programing roles in the cable, education, computer and other industries. Mr. Strickland holds a B.A. in mathematics from Brandeis University.

Robert J. Irving, Jr. has served as our senior vice president, chief administrative officer, general counsel and secretary since November 2012. Mr. Irving previously served as our senior vice president, general counsel and secretary from May 2003 and November 2012, as our vice president, legal from August 2002 to May 2003, and as our senior legal counsel from September 1998 to August 2002. Prior to that, Mr. Irving served as administrative counsel for Rohr, Inc., a corporation that designed and manufactured aerospace products from 1991 to 1998, and prior to that served as vice president, general counsel and secretary for IRT Corporation, a corporation that designed and manufactured x-ray inspection equipment. Before joining IRT Corporation, Mr. Irving was an attorney at Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher. Mr. Irving was admitted to the California Bar Association in 1982. Mr. Irving holds a B.A. from Stanford University, an M.P.P. from The John F. Kennedy School of Government of Harvard University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School.

Anne M. Liu has served as our senior vice president and chief accounting officer since November 2012. Ms. Liu previously served as our vice president and controller from December 2008 to November 2012 and as our assistant controller from December 2006 to December 2008. Prior to joining us, Ms. Liu served in a number of accounting and finance roles with Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), a scientific, engineering, and technology applications company, between March 1990 and November 2006, including as vice president of finance. Between September 1983 and March 1990, Ms. Liu held various audit positions with Deloitte (formerly Touche Ross). Ms. Liu holds a B.A. in government from Pomona College and is a certified public accountant.

Item 1A.
Risk Factors

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
 
We Have Experienced Net Losses, and We May Not Be Profitable in the Future.
 
We experienced a net loss of $187.3 million, $317.7 million and $785.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. We may not generate profits in the future on a consistent basis or at all. Our strategic objectives depend on our ability to successfully and cost-effectively operate our markets, on our ability to forecast and respond appropriately to changes in the competitive and economic environment, on the successful enhancement of our distribution channels, and on customer acceptance of our Cricket product and service offerings. If we fail to attract and retain additional customers for our Cricket products and services and fail to achieve consistent profitability in the future, that failure could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Our Strategic Plans Require that We Retain and Grow Our Current Customer Base; Our Failure to Do So Would Negatively Affect Our Business Plans and Financial Outlook.

We have recently experienced quarterly net customer losses that decreased our total number of customers, including in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2012. In addition, our growth has varied substantially in the past. We believe that this uneven growth generally has reflected competition in the wireless telecommunications market, promotional activity, seasonal trends in customer activity and varying national economic conditions. Our current business plans assume that we will increase our customer base over time, providing us with increased economies of scale. Our ability to continue to grow our customer base and to achieve increased customer penetration levels in our markets is subject to a number of risks, including, among other things, increased competition, our inability to manage or increase our network capacity or service offerings to meet increasing customer demand, promotional or retention activities that do not perform as expected, device quality and selection issues, inventory shortages, device pricing, unfavorable economic conditions (which may have a disproportionate negative impact on portions of our customer base), our inability to successfully enhance our distribution channels, billing or other system or service disruptions, adverse changes in


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the legislative and regulatory environment and other factors that may limit our ability to grow our customer base. If we continue to lose customers or are unable to attract and retain a growing customer base, that failure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Operation of Our Business Requires a Significant Amount of Cash. Our Ability to Generate Cash Depends on Many Factors Beyond Our Control.
 
Our business requires that we generate a significant amount of cash flow from operations to fund ongoing liquidity requirements, including payments on our indebtedness. Our ability to generate cash flow from operations is subject to our operational performance and to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fund our ongoing liquidity needs. If cash flow from operations is insufficient, we may be required to take actions, such as delaying or reducing capital expenditures, attempting to restructure or refinance our indebtedness prior to maturity, reducing operating expenses, selling assets or seeking additional capital. Any or all of these actions may be insufficient to allow us to fund our liquidity needs. Further, we may be unable to take any of these actions on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

We Face Significant Competition, Which Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on Demand for Cricket Service.

The wireless telecommunications industry is very competitive. In general, we compete with national facilities-based wireless providers and their prepaid affiliates or brands, local and regional carriers, non-facilities-based MVNOs, VoIP service providers, traditional landline service providers, cable companies and mobile satellite service providers.

Many of our competitors have greater name and brand recognition, larger spectrum holdings, larger network footprints, access to greater amounts of capital, greater technical, sales, marketing and distribution resources and established relationships with a larger base of current and potential customers. These advantages may allow our competitors to provide service offerings with more extensive features and options than those we currently provide; offer the latest and most popular devices through exclusive vendor arrangements; market to broader customer segments and offer service over larger geographic areas than we can; offer bundled service offerings that include landline phone, television and internet services that we are not able to duplicate; and purchase equipment, supplies, devices and services at lower prices than we can. As device selection and pricing become increasingly important to customers, any restriction on our ability to offer customers the latest and most popular devices as a result of exclusive dealings between device manufacturers and our larger competitors could put us at a significant competitive disadvantage and make it more difficult for us to attract and retain customers. In addition, some of our competitors are able to offer their customers roaming services at lower rates. As consolidation in the industry creates even larger competitors, advantages that our competitors may have, as well as their bargaining power as wholesale providers of roaming services, may increase. For example, in connection with the offering of our nationwide voice and data roaming services, we have encountered problems with certain large wireless carriers in negotiating terms for roaming arrangements that we believe are reasonable, and we believe that consolidation has contributed significantly to some carriers' control over the terms and conditions of wholesale roaming services.

In addition, national wireless providers have recently entered into a number of strategic transactions that could lead to further competitive pressures. In August 2012, Verizon Wireless acquired significant amounts of spectrum from SpectrumCo, a consortium of cable companies. In October 2012, Deutsche Telekom and MetroPCS entered into an agreement to combine T-Mobile and MetroPCS. In October 2012, Softbank agreed to acquire an approximately 70% ownership position in Sprint Nextel, followed in December 2012 by Sprint agreeing to acquire the remaining ownership stake in Clearwire that it did not already own. These transactions are each subject to regulatory review and approval. If consummated, these transactions could further intensify the competitive pressures we face.

The competitive pressures of the wireless telecommunications industry and the attractive growth prospects in the prepaid segment have caused a number of our competitors (including AT&T, Verizon Wireless, Sprint and T-Mobile) to offer competitively-priced unlimited prepaid and postpaid service offerings. In addition, a number of carriers have begun to offer bundled service offerings comprised of unlimited voice service and fixed amounts of data that customers can share across all of their wireless devices. We also face additional competition in the prepaid segment from Lifeline service offerings, which are available to consumers at reduced costs (and in some cases at no cost) because carriers offering this service receive a subsidy payment from the federal USF program. These Lifeline service offerings are also being provided by new MNVO providers who are utilizing other carriers' networks.

In addition to our voice offerings, many companies offer other products and services that compete with those we offer. For example, there are numerous music services that compete with our Muve Music service, including the iTunes service offered by Apple, and various streaming services offered by Rhapsody, Pandora, Spotify and others.These various service offerings have presented, and are expected to continue to present, strong competition in markets in which our offerings overlap.
 


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We may also face additional competition from new entrants in the wireless marketplace, many of whom may have significantly more resources than we do or who may be able to offer competing wireless services with less capital investment than we require. The FCC is pursuing policies designed to increase the number of wireless licenses and spectrum available for the provision of voice, data and mobile broadband services in each of our markets, as well as policies to increase the level of broadband competition. For example, the FCC has adopted rules that allow the partitioning, disaggregation and leasing of wireless licenses, which may increase the number of our competitors. The FCC announced in March 2010, as part of its National Broadband Plan, the goal of making an additional 500 MHz of spectrum available for broadband use within the next 10 years, of which the FCC stated that 300 MHz should be made available for mobile use within five years. The FCC has also adopted policies to allow satellite operators to use portions of their spectrum for ancillary terrestrial use and recently made further changes intended to facilitate the terrestrial use of this spectrum for voice, data and mobile broadband services. For example, the FCC recently approved a proposal from Dish Network to convert spectrum currently used for satellite service into spectrum that would support a terrestrial wireless network. The FCC has also permitted the offering of broadband services over power lines. The auction and licensing of new spectrum, the re-purposing of other spectrum or the pursuit of policies designed to encourage broadband adoption across wireline and wireless platforms may result in new or existing competitors acquiring additional capacity or offering voice or data services without deploying their own wireless facilities, which could allow them to offer services that we may not be able to offer cost effectively, or at all, with the licenses we hold or to which we have access.

The evolving competitive landscape negatively impacted our financial and operating results in 2012, including in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2012 when we experienced net customer losses. Our ability to remain competitive will depend, in part, on our ability to anticipate and respond to various competitive factors and to keep our costs low. During the third quarter of 2012, we increased pricing on our devices in an effort to better manage device subsidies and promote the addition of longer-tenured customers, although such changes have also had the effect of decreasing gross customer additions. We also introduced new pricing plans for our service offerings, which included new features such as visual voicemail on certain smartphones, enhanced international calling plans, and supplemental data packages, and we enhanced our Muve Music service, which is now offered for no additional cost in service plans for our Android-based smartphones. In addition, through a third party we have introduced a device leasing program in certain of our markets to help customers manage the cost of purchasing a handset, and we plan to expand the availability and type of handset financing programs we offer in 2013. The extent to which these initiatives and others we may introduce will positively impact our future financial and operational results will depend upon our continued efforts to enhance the productivity of our distribution channels, continued customer acceptance of our product and service offerings, and our ability to retain these customers. The evolving competitive landscape may result in more competitive pricing, slower growth, higher costs and increased customer turnover. Any of these results or actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

General Economic Conditions May Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Performance or Ability to Obtain Debt or Equity Financing on Reasonable Terms or at All.

Our business and financial performance are sensitive to changes in general economic conditions, including changes in interest rates, consumer credit conditions, consumer debt levels, consumer confidence, rates of inflation (or concerns about deflation), unemployment rates, energy costs and other macro-economic factors. Market and economic conditions have been unprecedented and challenging in recent years. Continued concerns about the systemic impact of a long-term downturn, high unemployment, high energy costs, the availability and cost of credit and unstable housing and mortgage markets have contributed to increased market volatility and economic uncertainty. These factors have led to a decrease in spending in recent years by businesses and consumers alike.
 
Continued market turbulence and weak economic conditions may materially adversely affect our business and financial performance in a number of ways. Because we do not require customers to sign fixed-term contracts or pass a credit check, our service is available to a broad customer base and may be attractive to a market segment that is more vulnerable to weak economic conditions. As a result, during general economic downturns, we may have greater difficulty in gaining new customers within this base for our services and existing customers may be more likely to terminate service due to an inability to pay. For example, high unemployment levels have historically impacted our customer base, especially the lower-income segment of our customer base, by decreasing their discretionary income and affecting their ability to maintain service. Continued weak economic conditions and tight credit conditions may also adversely impact our vendors and dealers, some of which have filed for or may be considering bankruptcy, or may experience cash flow or liquidity problems, any of which could adversely impact our ability to distribute, market or sell our products and services. Sustained difficult, or worsening, general economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
In addition, U.S. credit markets have in recent years experienced significant dislocations and liquidity disruptions. Uncertainty in the credit or capital markets could negatively impact our ability to access additional debt financing or to refinance existing indebtedness in the future on favorable terms or at all. These general economic conditions, combined with intensified competition


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in the wireless telecommunications industry and other factors, have also adversely affected the trading prices of equity securities of many U.S. companies, including Leap, which could significantly limit our ability to raise additional capital through the issuance of common stock, preferred stock or other equity securities. Any of these risks could impair our ability to fund our operations or limit our ability to expand our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We Have Entered into Agreements with Significant Purchase Commitments and Cannot Guarantee that We Will Meet These Commitments or Realize the Expected Benefits from These Agreements.

iPhone Purchase Commitment
In May 2012, we entered into a three-year iPhone purchase commitment with Apple. The commitment began upon our launch of sales of the iPhone in June 2012. Based on our current handset purchase and sales mix and current iPhone device pricing, we estimate that the commitment would require us to purchase approximately $800 million of iPhones, with annual commitments during the three-year period that increase moderately in the second and third years. We project that the minimum number of iPhones that we are required to purchase from Apple over the term of the commitment would represent 10% or less of the total number of handsets we expect to sell to new and upgrading customers over the period of the commitment and for approximately one year thereafter. However, the actual amount that we spend and the number of devices that we purchase over the term of the commitment will depend on many factors, including customer acceptance and availability of current and future versions of the device, future costs for the device, the success of our marketing and advertising efforts, customer demand for devices offered by other manufacturers and other factors.
At our current purchase rate, we project that we will purchase approximately one-half of our first-year minimum purchase commitment through June 2013, although the actual amount of our purchases will depend on the factors described above. If Apple were to require us to meet the annual minimum commitment in each of the three years of the contract term, we estimate that we would be required to purchase approximately $100 million of additional iPhones in mid-2013 above our current purchase rate, approximately $150 million of additional iPhones in mid-2014 above our current purchase rate and approximately $200 million of additional iPhones in mid-2015 above our current purchase rate. If we were unable to sell such additional devices at the rates and prices we project, such differences could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Wholesale Agreement
In August 2010, we entered into a wholesale agreement with an affiliate of Sprint Nextel which we use to offer Cricket services in nationwide retailers outside of our current network footprint. We have agreed, among other things, to purchase a minimum of $300 million of wholesale services over the initial five-year term of the agreement, with the following annual minimum purchase commitments: $20 million in 2011; $75 million in 2012; $80 million in 2013; $75 million in 2014; and $50 million in 2015. We entered into an amendment to the wholesale agreement in February 2013 to enable us to purchase 4G LTE services. In addition, under the amendment, we can credit up to $162 million of revenue we provide Sprint under other existing commercial arrangements against the minimum purchase commitment. Any wholesale revenue we provide to Sprint in a given year above the minimum purchase commitment for that particular year is credited to the next succeeding year. However, to the extent the revenues we provide Sprint were to fall beneath the applicable commitment amount for any given year, excess revenues from a subsequent year could not be carried back to offset such shortfall.
Our obligation to provide the minimum purchase amount for any calendar year is subject to Sprint's compliance with specified covenants in the wholesale agreement. Based upon a review of information provided by us to Sprint, we informed Sprint that certain of those covenants had not been met in 2012 and that, as a result, we were not subject to the minimum purchase commitment for that year. Sprint disputed that assertion. In February 2013, the parties resolved the matter.
Other Agreements
Other agreements that we have entered into with significant purchase commitments include our agreements with music content providers that require us to purchase certain minimum amounts of content for our Muve Music service. As we continue to expand the size and scope of our business, we may enter into additional agreements with vendors with significant purchase commitments to enable us to offer enhanced products and services or to obtain more favorable overall purchasing terms and conditions.

There are numerous risks and uncertainties that could impact our ability to realize the expected benefits from these arrangements or any new ones we may enter into. We cannot guarantee that customers will accept our products and service offerings at the levels we expect, that prices will not decline to levels below what we have negotiated to pay or that we will be able to satisfy any purchase commitments. We are significantly reducing the number of locations in which we offer our products in the nationwide retail channel


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from approximately 13,000 locations at June 30, 2012 to approximately 5,000 locations by early 2013, which may impact our sales volumes and therefore the amount of services we may purchase under the wholesale agreement. Furthermore, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to renew these agreements or any future agreement on terms that will be acceptable to us. If we are unable to attract new wireless customers and sell our products and services at the levels we expect, our ability to derive benefits from these agreements or any future agreement we enter into could be limited, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our Significant Indebtedness Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Health and Prevent Us from Fulfilling Our Obligations. We May Be Unable to Refinance Our Indebtedness Prior to Maturity.

We have now and will continue to have a significant amount of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2012, our total outstanding indebtedness was $3,302.5 million, including $400 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding borrowings under our senior secured credit agreement, or the Credit Agreement, $250 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.5% convertible senior notes due 2014, $1,100 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.75% senior secured notes due 2016 and $1,600 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.75% senior notes due 2020.

Our significant indebtedness could have material consequences. For example, it could:
 
make it more difficult for us to service or refinance our debt obligations;

increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital needs, capital expenditures, network build-out and other activities, including acquisitions and general corporate purposes;

require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flows to fund working capital needs, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;

limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate; and

place us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less indebtedness.
 
Any of these risks could impact our ability to fund our operations or limit our ability to expand our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, any significant capital expenditures or increased operating expenses associated with the launch of new product or service offerings or other business investment initiatives will decrease OIBDA and free cash flow for the periods in which we incur such costs, increasing the risk that we may not be able to service our indebtedness.

In addition, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to refinance all or any portion of our indebtedness prior to its maturity. We currently expect that we will need to refinance all or substantially all of our $1.1 billion of senior secured notes due 2016 before they mature. If we are unable to repay or refinance our indebtedness as planned, we will likely be required to take additional actions to generate liquidity such as delaying or reducing capital expenditures, reducing operating expenses, selling assets or seeking additional equity capital. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to obtain sufficient funds to enable us to repay or refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

Despite Current Indebtedness Levels, We May Incur Additional Indebtedness, Which Could Further Increase the Risks Associated with Our Leverage.

The terms of our Credit Agreement, and the indentures governing Cricket's secured and unsecured senior notes permit us, subject to specified limitations, to incur additional indebtedness, including secured indebtedness. The indenture governing Leap's convertible senior notes does not limit our ability to incur debt.
 
We may incur additional indebtedness in the future, as market conditions permit, to enhance our liquidity and to provide us with additional flexibility to pursue business investment initiatives, which could consist of debt financing from the public and/or private credit or capital markets. If new indebtedness is added to our current levels of indebtedness, the related risks that we now face could intensify. In addition, depending on the timing and extent of any additional indebtedness that we could incur and our then-current consolidated leverage ratio, such additional amounts could potentially result in the issuance of adverse credit ratings affecting us and/or our outstanding indebtedness. Any future adverse credit ratings could make it more difficult or expensive for


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us to borrow in the future and could affect the trading prices of our secured and unsecured senior notes, our convertible senior notes and our common stock.

Covenants in Our Credit Agreement and Indentures or in Credit Agreements or Indentures That We May Enter into in the Future May Limit Our Ability to Operate Our Business.

Our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing Cricket's secured and unsecured senior notes contain covenants that restrict the ability of Leap, Cricket and their restricted subsidiaries to make distributions or other payments to our investors or subordinated creditors unless we satisfy certain financial tests or other criteria. In addition, our Credit Agreement and indentures include covenants restricting, among other things, the ability of Leap, Cricket and their restricted subsidiaries to:
 
incur additional indebtedness;

create liens or other encumbrances;

place limitations on distributions from restricted subsidiaries;

pay dividends, make investments, prepay subordinated indebtedness or make other restricted payments;

issue or sell capital stock of restricted subsidiaries;

issue guarantees;

sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets;

enter into transactions with affiliates; and

make acquisitions or merge or consolidate with another entity.
 
The restrictions in our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing Cricket's secured and unsecured senior notes could limit our ability to make borrowings, obtain debt financing, repurchase stock, refinance or pay principal or interest on our outstanding indebtedness, complete acquisitions for cash or debt or react to changes in our operating environment. Any credit agreement or indenture that we may enter into in the future may have similar or more onerous restrictions.
 
Our Credit Agreement also provides for an event of default upon the occurrence of a change of control, which includes the acquisition of beneficial ownership of 35% or more of Leap's equity securities (other than a transaction where immediately after such transaction Leap will be a wholly owned subsidiary of a person of which no person or group is the beneficial owner of 35% or more of such person's voting stock), a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of Leap and its restricted subsidiaries and a change in a majority of the members of Leap's board of directors that is not approved by the board. In addition, under the indentures governing our secured and unsecured senior notes and convertible senior notes, if certain "change of control" events occur, each holder of notes may require us to repurchase all of such holder's notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of secured or unsecured senior notes, or 100% of the principal amount of convertible senior notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
 
If we default under our Credit Agreement or any of the indentures governing our secured or unsecured senior notes or convertible senior notes because of a covenant breach or otherwise, all outstanding amounts thereunder could become immediately due and payable. We cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain a waiver should any default occur. Any acceleration of amounts due would have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition, and we cannot assure you that we would have sufficient funds to repay all of the outstanding amounts under our Credit Agreement or the indentures governing our secured and unsecured senior notes and convertible senior notes.
 
If Customer Usage of Our Services Exceeds Our Expectations, Our Costs of Providing Service Could Increase, Which Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on Our Operating Expenses.

Because we offer unlimited voice, data, mobile broadband and music download services for a flat monthly rate, our customers' average usage of these services per month is significant. We provide these services through our own Cricket network footprint and through roaming and wholesale agreements that we entered into with other carriers.

If customers exceed expected usage for our voice, data, mobile broadband or music download services, we could face capacity problems and our costs of providing the services could increase. Although we own less spectrum in many of our markets than our


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competitors, we seek to design our network to accommodate our expected high rates of usage for our services, and we continue to assess and seek to implement technological improvements to increase the efficiency of our wireless spectrum. We currently manage our network and users of our smartphones and Cricket Broadband service by limiting throughput speeds if usage exceeds certain thresholds. However, if future wireless use by Cricket customers increases faster than we anticipate and exceeds the then-available capacity of our network, service quality may suffer. In addition, our roaming or wholesale costs may be higher than we anticipate. Depending on the extent of customers' future use of our network and the roaming and wholesale services we provide, we may be forced to raise the price or alter the service offerings of our wireless or mobile broadband services, further limit data quantities or speeds, otherwise limit the number of new customers for certain services, acquire additional spectrum or incur substantial additional capital expenditures to enhance network capacity or quality.

We May Be Unable to Obtain or Maintain the Roaming and Wholesale Services We Need From Other Carriers to Remain Competitive.

Many of our competitors have regional or national networks which enable them to offer automatic roaming services to their subscribers at a lower cost than we can offer. The networks we operate do not, by themselves, provide national coverage and we must pay fees to other carriers who provide roaming and wholesale services to us. We currently rely on roaming agreements with several carriers for the majority of our roaming services and generally on one key carrier for 3G data roaming services. In addition, we recently entered into an agreement with that carrier for 4G data roaming services. We have also entered into a wholesale agreement, which we use to offer Cricket services in nationwide retailers outside of our current network footprint, and we recently amended that agreement to allow us to purchase 4G LTE services. Most of our roaming agreements cover voice but not data services and some of these agreements may be terminated on relatively short notice. In addition, we believe that the rates charged to us by some of these carriers are higher than the rates they charge to certain other roaming partners.

The FCC has adopted rules requiring commercial mobile radio service providers to provide automatic roaming for voice and SMS text messaging services on just, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms. The FCC has also adopted rules generally requiring carriers to offer data roaming services on commercially reasonable terms. These orders, however, do not provide or mandate any specific mechanism for determining the reasonableness of roaming rates and require that roaming complaints be resolved on a case-by-case basis, based on a non-exclusive list of factors that can be taken into account in determining the reasonableness of particular conduct or rates. In addition, the FCC's data roaming order is subject to a petition for reconsideration at the FCC. In light of the current FCC rules, orders and proceedings, if we were unexpectedly to lose the benefit of one or more key roaming or wholesale agreements, we may be unable to obtain similar replacement agreements and as a result may be unable to continue providing nationwide voice and 3G or 4G data roaming services for our customers or may be unable to provide such services on a cost-effective basis. Our inability to obtain new or replacement roaming services on a cost-effective basis may limit our ability to compete effectively for wireless customers, which may increase our churn and decrease our revenues, which in turn could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Wireless Industry Is Experiencing Rapid Technological Change; Offering LTE Services Will Require Us to Make Significant Capital Investments and/or Enter Into Partnerships or Joint Ventures with Others.
 
The wireless communications industry continues to experience significant technological change, as evidenced by the ongoing improvements in the capacity and quality of digital technology, the development and commercial acceptance of wireless data services, shorter development cycles for new products, and enhancements and changes in end-user requirements and preferences. Our continued success will depend, in part, on our ability to anticipate and adapt to technological changes and to offer, on a timely basis, services that meet customer demands.
 
Competitors have begun providing competing wireless telecommunications services through the use of next-generation technologies, such as LTE, WiMax and HSPA+. We have covered approximately 21 million POPs with next-generation LTE network technology and are exploring cost-effective ways to deliver LTE services to additional customers, including by deploying facilities-based coverage or by entering into partnerships or joint ventures with other carriers. If we are unable to offer our customers cost-effective LTE services, such failure would have a material adverse effect on our competitive position and our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Deployment of LTE through facilities-based coverage requires significant capital investment. Capital expenditures for the deployment of LTE are currently anticipated to be less than $10 per covered POP. The extent to which we pursue additional facilities-based LTE coverage and the actual amount we spend to do so will depend upon multiple factors, including the availability of alternatives such as partnerships or joint ventures with others. In addition, we may have unanticipated or unforeseen costs in connection with the deployment of LTE and the maintenance of our network. If we pursue further facilities-based coverage, we expect that we would likely be required over time to acquire or access additional spectrum or take other actions to enable us to provide LTE at service levels that would meet future customer expectations. We currently own an average of 23 MHz of spectrum


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in the markets we operate, which generally includes an initial spectrum reserve that we could use to deploy LTE. The national wireless carriers against which we compete generally have greater spectrum capacity than we do in the markets in which we would launch LTE. Because the efficiency of an LTE network and the peak speeds that it can deliver depend upon the amount of contiguous spectrum that is available, competitors who have access to more spectrum than we do are likely to offer faster speeds for their next-generation services or operate those networks more efficiently than we could. As a result, we may be required to take various actions to meet consumer demand, including acquiring additional spectrum, entering into third-party wholesale or roaming arrangements, leasing additional cell sites, spending additional capital to deploy equipment or other actions. We cannot assure you that we would be able to take any of these actions at reasonable costs, on a timely basis or at all.

We recently entered into a nationwide roaming agreement for LTE services. In addition, we have also amended our wholesale agreement to enable us to provide LTE services. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to maintain or renew these arrangements or enter into additional agreements on a cost-effective basis. There are also risks that other wireless carriers on whose networks our customers roam may change their technology to other technologies or pursue standards that are incompatible with ours. If these risks materialize, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We cannot predict which of the many possible future technologies, standards, products or services will be important to maintain our competitive position. The evolutionary path that we have selected or may select in the future for LTE or other technologies may not be demanded by customers or provide the advantages that we expect. If such services are not broadly adopted within the industry or commercially accepted by our customers, our revenues and competitive position could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, the cost of implementing or competing against alternative or future technological innovations may be prohibitive to us, and we may lose customers if we fail to keep up with these changes.

We May Be Unable to Acquire Additional Spectrum in the Future at a Reasonable Cost or on a Timely Basis.

We expect that we will likely be required to acquire or access additional spectrum in the future to satisfy increasing demand for data and mobile broadband services, to maintain an acceptable grade of service and to provide or support new services or technologies to meet increasing customer demands. We cannot assure you that additional spectrum will become available at auction or in the after-market at a reasonable cost, or at all, or that we will have sufficient capital resources, or the capacity to raise sufficient capital resources, to acquire additional spectrum that we may require to meet customer demands and remain competitive. In addition, the FCC may impose conditions on the use of new wireless broadband mobile spectrum, such as heightened build-out requirements or open access requirements, which may make it less attractive or uneconomical for us. If we are unable to acquire or obtain access to additional spectrum in the future to meet customer demands, such inability may materially and adversely affect our competitive position and our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We Rely Heavily on Third Parties to Provide Specialized Services; a Failure or Inability by Such Parties to Provide the Agreed Upon Products or Services Could Materially Adversely Affect Our Business, Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

We depend heavily on suppliers and contractors with specialized expertise in order for us to efficiently operate our business. Generally, there are multiple sources for the types of products and services we purchase or use. However, we currently rely on one key vendor for billing services, a single vendor to support the platform for our Muve Music service, a single vendor for the operation of our network operations center, a limited number of vendors for voice and data communications transport services and a limited number of vendors for payment processing services. We have also entered into an inventory logistics and supply chain outsourcing arrangement with a third party to manage the planning, purchasing and fulfillment of handsets and other devices. We have also recently entered into new outsourcing agreements to transition various network operations, IT and service desk functions to new vendors.

In the past, our suppliers, contractors and third-party retailers have not always performed at the levels we expect or at the levels required by their contracts. If key suppliers, contractors, service providers or third-party retailers fail to comply with their contracts, fail to meet our performance expectations or refuse or are unable to supply or provide services to us in the future, or if we experience delays, disruptions or service degradation during any transition to a new outsourcing provider or other vendor, our business could be severely disrupted. In addition, the costs and time lags that can be associated with transitioning from one supplier or service provider to another could cause further disruptions if we were required to replace the products or services of one or more major suppliers or service providers with those from another source, especially if the replacement became necessary on short notice. Any such disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.





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Risks Associated With Wireless Devices Could Pose Product Liability, Health and Safety Risks That Could Adversely Affect Our Business.

We do not manufacture devices or other equipment sold by us and generally rely on our suppliers to provide us with safe equipment. Our suppliers are required by applicable law to manufacture their devices to meet certain governmentally imposed safety criteria. However, even if the devices we sell meet the regulatory safety criteria, we could be held liable with the equipment manufacturers and suppliers for any harm caused by products we sell if such products are later found to have design or manufacturing defects. We generally seek to enter into indemnification agreements with the manufacturers who supply us with devices to protect us from direct losses associated with product liability, but we cannot guarantee that we will be fully protected against all losses associated with a product that is found to be defective.
 
Media reports have suggested that the use of wireless handsets may be linked to various health concerns, including cancer, and may interfere with various electronic medical devices, including hearing aids and pacemakers. Certain class action lawsuits have been filed in the industry claiming damages for alleged health problems arising from the use of wireless handsets. We are currently a defendant in a matter brought by an individual alleging that one of our wireless handsets caused brain cancer. The World Health Organization's International Agency for Research of Cancer has also stated that exposure to wireless handsets may be carcinogenic. In addition, interest groups have requested that the FCC investigate claims that wireless technologies pose health concerns and cause interference with airbags, anti-lock brakes, hearing aids and other medical devices, and the FCC recently indicated that it plans to gather additional data regarding wireless handset emissions. The media has also reported incidents of handset battery malfunction, including reports of batteries that have overheated.
 
Concerns over possible health and safety risks associated with radio frequency emissions and defective products may discourage the use of wireless handsets, which could decrease demand for our services, or result in regulatory restrictions or increased requirements on the location and operation of cell sites, which could increase our operating expenses. Concerns over possible safety risks could decrease the demand for our services. If one or more Cricket customers were harmed by a defective product provided to us by a manufacturer and subsequently sold in connection with our services, our ability to add and maintain customers for Cricket service could be materially adversely affected by negative public reactions.
 
There also are some safety risks associated with the use of wireless devices while operating vehicles or equipment. Concerns over these safety risks and the effect of any legislation, rules or regulations that have been and may be adopted in response to these risks could limit our ability to sell our wireless service.
 
System Failures, Security Breaches, Business Disruptions and Unauthorized Use or Interference with Our Network or Other Systems Could Result in Higher Churn, Reduced Revenue and Increased Costs, and Could Harm Our Reputation.

Our network and information technology (IT) infrastructure and the infrastructure of our vendors (including systems supporting service activation, billing, point of sale, inventory management, customer care and financial reporting) are vulnerable to damage and disruption from technology failures, power surges or outages, system or equipment failures, natural disasters, fires, human error, hacking and cyber attacks, computer viruses, terrorism, intentional wrongdoing and similar events. In particular, cyber attacks on companies have increased in frequency, scope and potential harm in recent years. Any such failure, damage or disruption could affect the quality of our services, cause network service interruptions and result in material remediation costs, litigation, higher churn, reduced revenue, increased costs and lost market share. Unauthorized access to or use of customer or account information, including credit card or other personal data, could also result in harm to our customers and legal actions against us, and could damage our reputation. In addition, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, fires and other unforeseen natural disasters or events could materially disrupt our business operations or the provision of Cricket service in one or more markets. In the past, our operations in certain markets have been adversely affected by hurricanes and related weather systems. Costs we incur to restore, repair or replace our network or IT infrastructure, as well as costs associated with detecting, monitoring or reducing the incidence of unauthorized use and other security breaches, may be substantial and increase our cost of providing service. Any failure in, damage to or disruption of our or our vendors' network and IT infrastructure could also materially impact our ability to timely and accurately record, process and report information important to our business. While we maintain insurance coverage for some of the above events, the potential liabilities associated with these events could exceed the insurance coverage we maintain. If any of the above events were to occur, we could experience higher churn, reduced revenues, increased costs and reputational harm, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
We Have Upgraded a Number of Significant Business Systems, Including Our Customer Billing System, and Any Unanticipated Difficulties, Delays or Interruptions Could Negatively Impact Our Business.

During recent years, we have upgraded a number of our significant, internal business systems, including implementing a new customer billing system, a new inventory management system and a new point-of-sale system.


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The implementation of significant new systems often involves delays and disruptions in connection with the transition to and operation of the new systems. From time to time after the launch of our customer billing system in the second quarter of 2011, we experienced intermittent disruptions with certain aspects of the system, which limited our ability to activate new customers and to provide account services to current customers. We believe that these system issues had the effect of reducing our gross customer additions and increasing churn. Although we believe that we largely identified and remedied the causes of these disruptions, we cannot assure you that we will not experience additional disruptions with our customer billing system in the future. Future significant difficulties in operating our customer billing system or other new systems could materially impact our ability to attract and retain customers or to timely and accurately record, process and report information that is important to our business. If any of the above events were to occur, we could experience decreased gross customer additions, higher churn, reduced revenues and increased costs or could suffer a material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, any of which could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
In addition, we cannot guarantee that our new systems will improve our business operations, including our ability to manage and control device inventories. We implemented the inventory management system to assist us with the planning, purchasing and fulfillment of handsets and other devices. Prior to entering into this arrangement, we experienced inventory shortages from time to time, most notably with certain of our strongest-selling devices, and these shortages had the effect of limiting customer activity. There can be no assurance that this new agreement will improve device inventory management or that we will not experience inventory shortages in the future. Any failure to effectively manage and control our device inventories could adversely affect our ability to gain new customers and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We May Not Be Successful in Protecting and Enforcing Our Intellectual Property Rights.

We rely on a combination of patent, service mark, trademark, and trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to establish and protect our proprietary rights, all of which offer only limited protection. We endeavor to enter into agreements with our employees and contractors and agreements with parties with whom we do business in order to limit access to and disclosure of our proprietary information. Despite our efforts, the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property may not prevent the misappropriation of our proprietary rights. Moreover, others may independently develop processes and technologies that are competitive to ours. The enforcement of our intellectual property rights may depend on any legal actions that we undertake against such infringers being successful, but we cannot be sure that any such actions will be successful, even when our rights have been infringed. We cannot assure you that our pending, or any future, patent applications will be granted, that any existing or future patents will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, that any existing or future patents will be enforceable, or that the rights granted under any patent that may issue will provide us with any competitive advantages. In addition, we cannot assure you that any trademark or service mark registrations will be issued with respect to pending or future applications or that any registered trademarks or service marks will be enforceable or provide adequate protection of our brands. Our inability to secure trademark or service mark protection with respect to our brands could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
We Use Equipment, Software, Technology and Content in the Operation of Our Business, Which May Subject Us to Third-Party Infringement Claims.
 
The technologies used in the telecommunications industry are protected by and subject to a wide array of patents and other intellectual property rights. As a result, third parties have asserted and may in the future assert infringement claims against us or our suppliers based on our or their general business operations and the equipment, software, technology or other content that we or they use or provide. Due in part to the expansion and development of our business operations, we have become subject to increased amounts of litigation, including disputes alleging patent and other intellectual property infringement relating to the operation of our networks and our sale of handsets and other devices. If plaintiffs in any patent litigation that may be brought against us were to prevail, we could be required to pay substantial damages or settlement costs, and we could be required to alter the way we conduct business to avoid future infringement, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, we rely on third-party intellectual property and digital content to provide certain of our wireless services to customers, including Muve Music, an unlimited music download service we offer that is designed specifically for mobile handsets. The Muve Music service requires us to license music and other intellectual property rights of third parties. We cannot guarantee that these licenses will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our licensing arrangements with these third parties are generally short-term in nature and do not guarantee the continuation or renewal of these arrangements on reasonable terms, if at all. Our inability to continue to offer customers a wide variety of content at reasonable costs to us could limit the success of our Muve Music service. In addition, we could become subject to infringement claims and potential liability for damages or


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royalties related to music and intellectual property rights of third parties, including as a result of any unauthorized access to the third-party content we have licensed.
We generally seek to enter into indemnification agreements with the manufacturers, licensors and vendors who provide us with the equipment, software and technology that we use in our business to help protect us against possible infringement claims. However, we do not have indemnification arrangements with all of our partners and suppliers. In addition, to the extent that there is an indemnification arrangement in place, depending on the nature and scope of a possible claim, we may not be entitled to seek indemnification under the terms of the agreement. We also cannot guarantee that the financial condition of an indemnifying party would be sufficient to protect us against all losses associated with infringement claims or that we would be fully indemnified against all possible losses associated with a possible claim. In addition, our suppliers may be subject to infringement claims that could prevent or make it more expensive for them to supply us with the products and services we require to run our business, which could have the effect of slowing or limiting our ability to introduce products and services to our customers. Moreover, we may be subject to claims that products, software and services provided by different vendors, which we combine to offer our services may infringe the rights of third parties, and we may not have any indemnification from our vendors for these claims. Whether or not an infringement claim against us or a supplier is valid or successful, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations by diverting management attention, involving us in costly and time-consuming litigation, requiring us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements (which may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all) or requiring us to redesign our business operations or systems to avoid claims of infringement. In addition, infringement claims against our suppliers could also require us to purchase products and services at higher prices or from different suppliers and could adversely affect our business by delaying our ability to offer certain products and services to our customers.

Action by Congress or Government Agencies and Regulatory Requirements May Increase Our Costs of Providing Service or Require Us to Change Our Services.

The FCC regulates the licensing, construction, modification, operation, ownership, sale and interconnection of wireless communications systems, as do some state and local regulatory agencies. We cannot assure you that the FCC or any state or local agencies having jurisdiction over our business will not adopt regulations or take other enforcement or other actions that would adversely affect our business, impose new costs or require changes in current or planned operations. In addition, state regulatory agencies are increasingly focused on the quality of service and support that wireless carriers provide to their customers and several agencies have proposed or enacted new and potentially burdensome regulations in this area. We also cannot assure you that Congress will not amend the Communications Act, from which the FCC obtains its authority, or enact other legislation in a manner that could be adverse to us.
 
Under existing law, no more than 20% of an FCC licensee's capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, or voted by non-U.S. citizens or their representatives, by a foreign government or its representatives or by a foreign corporation. If an FCC licensee is controlled by another entity (as is the case with Leap's ownership and control of subsidiaries that hold FCC licenses), up to 25% of that entity's capital stock may be owned or voted by non-U.S. citizens or their representatives, by a foreign government or its representatives or by a foreign corporation. Foreign ownership above the 25% holding company level may be allowed if the FCC finds such higher levels consistent with the public interest. The FCC has ruled that higher levels of foreign ownership, even up to 100%, are presumptively consistent with the public interest with respect to investors from certain nations. If our foreign ownership were to exceed the permitted level, the FCC could revoke our wireless licenses, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we could seek a declaratory ruling from the FCC allowing the foreign ownership or could take other actions to reduce our foreign ownership percentage in order to avoid the loss of our licenses, we cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain such a ruling or that any other actions we may take would be successful.
 
In addition, legislative or regulatory action could be taken, which could limit our ability to use certain foreign vendors to supply us with equipment, materials or other services that we use in our business operations. For example, we previously purchased network equipment from a Chinese company, which is currently used to support approximately 20% of our covered POPs. Members of the U.S. Congress and certain regulatory agencies have raised concerns about American companies purchasing equipment and software from Chinese telecommunications companies, including concerns relating to alleged violations of intellectual property rights by Chinese companies and potential security risks posed by U.S. companies purchasing technical equipment and software from Chinese companies. In October 2012, the U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence issued a report asserting that network equipment manufactured by Chinese telecommunications companies poses a security threat to the United States and recommending the use of other network vendors. The report also recommends that Congress consider adopting legislation to address the purported risk posed by telecommunications companies with nation-state ties. Any legislative or regulatory requirement that restricts us from purchasing or utilizing equipment or software from Chinese or other foreign companies, or any determination that we otherwise make that it is advantageous for us to cease doing so, could require changes in our equipment procurement activities and business operations.



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The DMCA prohibits the circumvention of technological measures or access controls employed by or on behalf of copyright owners to protect their copyrighted works. However, under the DMCA, the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress, or the Copyright Office, has the authority to exempt for three-year periods certain circumventing activities that might otherwise be prohibited by the statute. In July 2010, the Copyright Office granted an exemption to the DMCA to allow the circumvention of software locks and other firmware that prohibit a wireless handset from connecting to a wireless network when such circumvention is accomplished for the sole purpose of lawfully connecting the handset to another network. This exemption permitted locked handsets purchased from one wireless carrier to be unlocked and then activated on another carrier's network. On October 28, 2012, the Copyright Office issued a new exemption under the DMCA, which only permits the circumvention of software locks on handsets purchased before January 26, 2013. In order for locked devices purchased after this date to be connected to another carrier's network, the customer must obtain the prior carrier's consent to unlock the device. This new, narrowed exemption, and any further modification of the DMCA copyright exemption, could impact our ability to attract and activate new customers, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We participate in the federal government's Lifeline program, which provides support from the USF to subsidize discounted telecommunications services for qualified low-income consumers. In order to participate in the Lifeline program in any given state, a carrier must be designated as an ETC in that state. As of December 31, 2012, Cricket had been designated as an ETC in 27 states and the District of Columbia. In January 2012, the FCC adopted an order regarding the Lifeline program, the stated purpose of which is to streamline the administration of the program and to implement measures to curb perceived waste, fraud and abuse in the program. In addition, various states are considering or enacting rules with similar stated purposes as the FCC order. In connection with the FCC's order, among other things, we are required to have our Lifeline customers re-certify on an annual basis their eligibility to participate in the program. These requirements could result in the loss of Lifeline customers and associated funding from the USF if these customers fail to meet the FCC's eligibility standards or fail to respond to requests to re-certify their eligibility. Further, the FCC is developing a National Lifeline Accountability Database, the primary purpose of which will be to validate the identity of Lifeline customers and prevent Lifeline support from being provided to more than one eligible recipient per household in accordance with FCC regulations. While the timing of the deployment of the database is uncertain, its implementation and use could reduce the number of customers we could enroll in our Lifeline programs and thus reduce the amount of Lifeline funding we receive. In addition, the FCC could pursue enforcement action against us and impose monetary penalties if it were to conclude that we violated any of the Lifeline rules. In addition, future action by Congress, the FCC, or the states in which we have been designated as an ETC could reduce or eliminate the amount of Lifeline funding we receive for providing wireless service to certain qualifying low income customers, which could result in the loss of subscribers and the associated service revenue.

We previously invested in various entities that qualified as "very small business" designated entities under FCC regulations. The FCC's rules restricted our ability to acquire controlling membership interests in designated entities during the period that such entities were required to maintain their eligibility as a designated entity. The FCC has implemented rules and policies to ensure that only legitimate small businesses benefit from the designated entity program, and that such small businesses are not controlled or manipulated by larger wireless carriers or other investors that do not meet the small business qualification tests. For example, designated entity structures are subject to a requirement that they seek approval for any event that might affect their ongoing eligibility (for example, changes in agreements that the FCC has previously reviewed), annual reporting requirements and a commitment by the FCC to audit each designated entity at least once during the license term. In addition, third parties and the federal government have in the past challenged certain designated entity structures, alleging violations of federal qui tam and other laws and seeking significant monetary damages. If we previously failed to comply with the FCC's designated entity rules, any such failure could lead to fines, and in extreme cases, license revocation, third-party lawsuits and/or criminal penalties. Federal court litigation surrounding designated entity structures, increased regulatory scrutiny or third party or government lawsuits with respect to our prior investments in designated entities could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We also are subject, or potentially subject, to numerous additional rules and requirements, including universal service obligations; number portability requirements; number pooling rules; rules governing billing, subscriber privacy and customer proprietary network information; roaming obligations; rules that require wireless service providers to configure their networks to facilitate electronic surveillance by law enforcement officials; rate averaging and integration requirements; rules governing spam, telemarketing and truth-in-billing; and rules requiring us to offer equipment and services that are accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities, among others. There are also pending proceedings exploring the imposition of various types of nondiscrimination, open access and broadband management obligations on our devices and networks; the prohibition of device exclusivity; the possible re-imposition of bright-line spectrum aggregation requirements; further regulation of special access used for wireless backhaul services; and the effects of the siting of communications towers on migratory birds, among others. Some of these requirements and pending proceedings (of which the foregoing examples are not an exhaustive list) pose technical and operational challenges to which we, and the industry as a whole, have not yet developed clear solutions. These requirements


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generally are the subject of pending FCC or judicial proceedings, and we are unable to predict how they may affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
In addition, certain states in which we provide service are considering legislation that would require companies selling prepaid wireless services to verify a customer's identity using government identification. Although we request identification from new customers, we currently do not require them to provide identification in order to initiate service with us, and such a requirement could adversely impact our ability to attract new customers for our services.
 
Our operations are subject to various other laws and regulations, including those regulations promulgated by the Federal Trade Commission, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, other federal agencies and state and local regulatory agencies and legislative bodies. Adverse decisions or regulations of these regulatory bodies could negatively impact our operations and costs of doing business. Because of our smaller size, legislation or governmental regulations and orders can significantly increase our costs and affect our competitive position compared to other larger telecommunications providers. We are unable to predict the scope, pace or financial impact of regulations and other policy changes that could be adopted by the various governmental entities that oversee portions of our business.

Our Wireless Licenses Are Subject to Renewal and May Be Revoked in the Event That We Violate Applicable Laws.

Our existing wireless licenses are subject to renewal upon the expiration of the 10-year or 15-year period for which they are granted, which renewal period commenced for some of our PCS wireless licenses in 2006. The FCC will award renewal expectancy to a wireless licensee that timely files a renewal application, has provided substantial service during its past license term and has substantially complied with applicable FCC rules and policies and the Communications Act. Historically, the FCC has approved our license renewal applications. However, the Communications Act provides that licenses may be revoked for cause and license renewal applications denied if the FCC determines that a renewal would not serve the public interest. In addition, if we fail to timely file to renew any wireless license, or fail to meet any regulatory requirements for renewal, including construction and substantial service requirements, we could be denied a license renewal. Many of our wireless licenses are subject to interim or final construction requirements and there is no guarantee that the FCC will find our construction, or the construction of prior licensees, sufficient to meet the build-out or renewal requirements. FCC rules provide that applications competing with a license renewal application may be considered in comparative hearings, and establish the qualifications for competing applications and the standards to be applied in hearings. The FCC has pending a rulemaking proceeding to re-evaluate, among other things, its wireless license renewal showings and standards and may in this or other proceedings promulgate changes or additional substantial requirements or conditions to its renewal rules, including revising license build-out requirements. We cannot assure you that the FCC will renew our wireless licenses upon their expiration. If any of our wireless licenses were to be revoked or not renewed upon expiration, we would not be permitted to provide services under that license, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our recently-purchased 700 MHz A block license in Chicago is subject to a December 13, 2013 interim construction deadline. While we have been engaged in the first stages of development of this license to supplement our existing wireless capacity in this market, we must coordinate with the incumbent broadcaster on DTV Channel 51 in order to commence operations, and we may be delayed in our ultimate ability to construct facilities and operate on this spectrum. We thus expect to seek relief from the FCC from the interim construction benchmark and/or ask the FCC for relief from DTV interference protection requirements. If we are required to seek these types of relief from the FCC, it could delay or impede our ability to expand our service capacity in the Chicago market.

Wireless Licenses Comprise a Significant Portion of our Assets; Future Declines in the Fair Value of Our Licenses Could Result in Impairment Charges.
As of December 31, 2012, the carrying value of our wireless licenses (excluding assets held for sale) was approximately $1.9 billion. These assets by their nature, however, may not be readily saleable or, if saleable, there may be substantial delays in their liquidation. For example, prior FCC approval is required in order for us to sell, or for any remedies to be exercised by our lenders with respect to, our wireless licenses, and obtaining such approval could result in significant delays and reduce the proceeds obtained from the sale or other disposition of our wireless licenses. In addition, the amount that we could realize upon any sale of our wireless licenses could materially differ from their carrying value. Valuation swings could occur for a variety of reasons relating to supply and demand, including consolidation in the wireless industry that allows or requires carriers to sell significant portions of their spectrum holdings, a sudden, large sale of spectrum by one or more carriers, or a decline in market prices as a result of the sale prices in FCC auctions.
We assess potential impairments to our indefinite-lived intangible assets, including our wireless licenses, annually during the third quarter of each year. We also evaluate on a quarterly basis whether any triggering events or changes in circumstances have


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occurred subsequent to the annual impairment test that would indicate an impairment condition exists. We estimate the fair value of our wireless licenses primarily on available market prices, including successful bid prices in FCC auctions and selling prices observed in wireless license transactions, pricing trends among historical wireless license transactions, our spectrum holdings within a given market relative to other carriers' holdings and qualitative demographic and economic information concerning the areas that comprise our markets. During the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, we recorded impairment charges of $0.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively, with respect to our wireless licenses. A significant impairment loss in any future period could have a material adverse effect on our operating income and on the carrying value of our wireless licenses on our balance sheet.

We Are Subject to Numerous Surcharges, Taxes and Fees from Federal, State and Local Governments, and the Applicability and Amount of These Fees Can Be Uncertain.
 
We calculate and remit surcharges, taxes and fees to numerous federal, state and local jurisdictions in connection with the services we provide. These fees include federal USF fees and common carrier regulatory fees. In addition, many state and local governments impose various surcharges, taxes and fees on our activities, including with respect to sales of our products and services and to our purchases of telecommunications services from various carriers. In many cases, the applicability and method of calculating these surcharges, taxes and fees may be uncertain, and our calculation, assessment and remittance of these amounts may be contested. In the event that we have incorrectly assessed and remitted amounts that were due, we could be subject to fines and penalties, which could materially impact our financial condition. In addition, although we remit applicable surcharges, taxes and fees that are due with respect to the services we provide, we do not recover these amounts (other than sales taxes) as additional charges from customers subscribing to our "all-inclusive" service plans, which are priced to include telecommunications taxes and certain other fees. In the event that federal, state and/or local municipalities were to significantly increase taxes and regulatory fees on our services or seek to impose new ones, it could have a significant adverse effect on our margins and financial and operational results.

We May Incur Higher Than Anticipated Intercarrier Compensation Costs.
 
When our customers use our service to call customers of local exchange carriers, we are required under the current intercarrier compensation scheme to pay the carrier that serves the called party, and any intermediary or transit carrier, for the use of their networks. While in most cases we have been successful in negotiating agreements with other carriers that impose reasonable reciprocal compensation arrangements, some local exchange carriers have claimed a right to unilaterally impose what we believe to be unreasonably high charges on us. Some of these carriers have threatened to pursue, have initiated, or may in the future initiate, claims against us to recover these charges, and the outcome of any such claims is uncertain.
 
The FCC has been considering whether a unified intercarrier compensation regime can or should be established for all traffic exchanged between carriers, including commercial mobile radio services carriers. The FCC has instituted a uniform, national bill-and-keep framework for telecommunications traffic exchanged with a local exchange carrier, which will be phased in under a multi-year transition period. There are also various other pending proceedings in the courts, at the FCC and before state regulatory bodies that may affect intercarrier compensation. New or modified intercarrier compensation rules, federal or state proceedings implementing or interpreting those rules and other judicial or regulatory decisions may increase the charges we are required to pay other carriers for terminating calls or transiting calls over telecommunications networks, increase the costs of, or make it more difficult to negotiate, new agreements with carriers, decrease the amount of revenue we receive for terminating calls from other carriers on our network, or result in significant costs to us for past and future termination charges. Any of these changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
 
We resell third party long distance services in connection with our offering of unlimited international long distance service. The charges for these services may be subject to change by the terminating or interconnecting carrier, or by the regulatory body having jurisdiction in the applicable foreign country. If the charges are modified, the terminating or interconnecting carrier may attempt to assess such charges retroactively on us or our third party international long distance provider. If such charges are substantial, or we cease providing service to the foreign destination, prospective customers may elect not to use our service and current customers may choose to terminate service. Such events could limit our ability to grow our customer base, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
 
If We Experience High Rates of Credit Card, Subscription or Dealer Fraud, Our Ability to Generate Cash Flow Will Decrease.

Our operating costs could increase substantially as a result of fraud, including customer credit card, subscription or dealer fraud. We have implemented a number of strategies and processes to detect and prevent efforts to defraud us, and we believe that our efforts have substantially reduced the types of fraud we have identified. However, if our strategies are not successful in detecting


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and controlling fraud, the resulting loss of revenue or increased expenses could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

The Loss of Key Personnel and Difficulty Attracting, Integrating and Retaining Qualified Personnel Could Harm Our Business.

We believe our success depends heavily on the contributions of our employees and on attracting, motivating and retaining our officers and other management and technical personnel. We do not, however, generally provide employment contracts to our employees. If we are unable to attract and retain the qualified employees that we need, our business may be harmed.
 
Our business is managed by a small number of key executive officers, including our CEO, S. Douglas Hutcheson. In February 2012, we hired Robert A. Strickland as our executive vice president and chief technical officer. In May 2012, we hired Jerry V. Elliott as our executive vice president and CFO and in November 2012 appointed him as president and chief operating officer. In November 2012, we hired R. Perley McBride as our executive vice president and CFO.

As several members of senior management have been hired recently, it may take time to fully integrate these individuals into their new roles. In addition, if we were to lose the services of key individuals in the future, any such departures could materially and adversely impact how we manage and operate our business. We may also have difficulty attracting and retaining key personnel in future periods, particularly if we were to experience poor operating or financial performance.
 
Our Ability to Use Our Net Operating Loss Carryforwards to Reduce Future Possible Tax Payments Could Be Negatively Impacted if There Is an "Ownership Change" (as Defined Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code); Our Tax Benefit Preservation Plan May Not Be Effective to Prevent an Ownership Change.

We have substantial federal and state net operating losses, or NOLs, for income tax purposes. Subject to certain requirements, we may "carry forward" our federal NOLs for up to 20 years to offset future taxable income and reduce our income tax liability. For state income tax purposes, the NOL carryforward period ranges from five to 20 years. During the year ended December 31, 2012, $37.2 million of our state NOLs expired. At December 31, 2012, we had federal and state NOLs of approximately $2.6 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively (which begin to expire in 2022 for federal income tax purposes and of which $69.8 million will expire at the end of 2013 for state income tax purposes). While these NOL carryforwards have a potential to be used to offset future ordinary taxable income and reduce future cash tax liabilities by approximately $1.0 billion, our ability to utilize these NOLs will depend upon the availability of future taxable income during the carryforward period and, as such, there is no assurance we will be able to realize such tax savings.
 
Our ability to utilize NOLs could be further limited if we were to experience an "ownership change," as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. In general terms, an ownership change can occur whenever there is a cumulative shift in the ownership of a company by more than 50 percentage points by one or more "5% stockholders" within a three-year period. The occurrence of such a change in our ownership would generally limit the amount of NOL carryforwards we could utilize in a given year to the aggregate fair market value of Leap common stock immediately prior to the ownership change, multiplied by the long-term tax-exempt interest rate in effect for the month of the ownership change.
 
The determination of whether an ownership change has occurred for purposes of Section 382 is complex and requires significant judgment. The occurrence of such an ownership change would accelerate cash tax payments we would be required to make and likely result in a substantial portion of our NOLs expiring before we could fully utilize them. As a result, any restriction on our ability to utilize these NOL carryforwards could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and future cash flows.
 
On August 30, 2011, our board of directors adopted a Tax Benefit Preservation Plan to help deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that could result in an ownership change under Section 382 and thus help preserve our ability to use our NOL carryforwards. The Tax Benefit Preservation Plan was approved by our stockholders in May 2012. The Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is designed to deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that would result in a stockholder owning 4.99% or more of Leap common stock (as calculated under Section 382), or any existing holder of 4.99% or more of Leap common stock acquiring additional shares, by substantially diluting the ownership interest of any such stockholder unless the stockholder obtains an exemption from our board of directors. Because the number of shares of Leap common stock outstanding at any particular time for purposes of the Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is determined in accordance with Section 382, it may differ from the number of shares that we report as outstanding in our SEC filings.
 
Although the Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is intended to reduce the likelihood of an adverse ownership change under Section 382, the Tax Benefit Preservation Plan may not prevent such an ownership change from occurring and does not protect


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against all transactions that could cause an ownership change, such as sales of Leap common stock by certain greater than 5% stockholders or transactions that occurred prior to the adoption of the Tax Benefit Preservation Plan. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that an ownership change under Section 382 will not occur and significantly limit the use of our NOLs.
Our Business and Stock Price May Be Adversely Affected if Our Internal Controls Are Not Effective.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires companies to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of their internal control over financial reporting. To comply with this statute, each year we are required to document and test our internal control over financial reporting; our management is required to assess and issue a report concerning our internal control over financial reporting; and our independent registered public accounting firm is required to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
 
In our quarterly and annual reports (as amended) for the periods ended from December 31, 2006 through September 30, 2008, we reported a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, which related to the design of controls over the preparation and review of the account reconciliations and analysis of revenues, cost of revenues and deferred revenues, and ineffective testing of changes made to our revenue and billing systems in connection with the introduction or modification of service offerings. In addition, we previously reported that certain material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting existed at various times during the period from September 30, 2004 through September 30, 2006. These material weaknesses included excessive turnover and inadequate staffing levels in our accounting, financial reporting and tax departments, weaknesses in the preparation of our income tax provision, and weaknesses in our application of lease-related accounting principles, fresh-start reporting oversight, and account reconciliation procedures.
 
Although we believe we took appropriate actions to remediate the control deficiencies we identified and to strengthen our internal control over financial reporting, we cannot assure you that we will not discover other material weaknesses in the future or that no material weakness will result from any difficulties, errors, delays or disruptions while we implement and transition to significant new internal systems, including the recent transition to our new customer billing system. The existence of one or more material weaknesses could result in errors in our financial statements, and substantial costs and resources may be required to rectify these or other internal control deficiencies. If we cannot produce reliable financial reports, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, the market price of Leap common stock could decline significantly, we may be unable to obtain additional financing to operate and expand our business, and our business and financial condition could be harmed.

Related to Ownership of Leap Common Stock
 
Our Stock Price May Be Volatile, and You May Lose All or Some of Your Investment.
 
The trading prices of the securities of telecommunications companies have been highly volatile. Accordingly, the trading price of Leap common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, subject to wide fluctuations. Factors affecting the trading price of Leap common stock may include, among other things:

variations in our operating results or those of our competitors;

announcements of technological innovations, new services or service enhancements, strategic alliances or significant agreements by us or by our competitors;

entry of new competitors into our markets, changes in product and service offerings by us or our competitors, changes in the prices charged for product and service offerings by us or our competitors, or changes or upgrades in the network technologies used by us or our competitors;

the commencement of or significant developments with respect to intellectual property or other litigation;

announcements of and bidding in auctions for new spectrum;

recruitment or departure of key personnel;

changes in the estimates of our operating results or changes in recommendations by any securities analysts that elect to follow Leap common stock, or changes in our credit ratings or those of our competitors;

changes in the levels of our indebtedness;



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any default under our Credit Agreement or any of the indentures governing our secured or unsecured senior notes or convertible senior notes because of a covenant breach or otherwise;

rumors or speculation in the marketplace regarding acquisitions or consolidation in our industry, including regarding transactions involving Leap; and

market conditions in our industry and the economy as a whole.
 
The occurrence of any one or more of these events could significantly impact the trading price of Leap common stock, and you could lose all or some of your investment.

Our Directors and Affiliated Entities Have Substantial Influence over Our Affairs, and Our Ownership Is Highly Concentrated. Sales of a Significant Number of Shares by Large Stockholders May Adversely Affect the Market Price of Leap Common Stock.

Our directors and entities affiliated with them beneficially owned in the aggregate approximately 30% of Leap common stock as of February 1, 2013. Moreover, our five largest stockholders and entities affiliated with them beneficially owned in the aggregate approximately 65% of Leap common stock as of February 1, 2013. These stockholders have the ability to exert substantial influence over all matters requiring approval by our stockholders. These stockholders will be able to influence the election and removal of directors and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of Leap's assets and other matters. This concentration of ownership could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control or impeding a merger or consolidation, takeover or other business combination.
 
Our resale shelf registration statements register for resale 23,533,869 shares of Leap common stock held by entities affiliated with one of our directors, or approximately 30% of Leap's outstanding common stock as of February 1, 2013. We have also agreed to register for resale any additional shares of common stock that these entities or their affiliates acquire. We are unable to predict the potential effect that sales into the market of any material portion of such shares, or any of the other shares held by our other large stockholders and entities affiliated with them, may have on the then-prevailing market price of Leap common stock. If any of Leap's stockholders cause a large number of securities to be sold in the public market, these sales could reduce the trading price of Leap common stock. These sales could also impede our ability to raise future capital.

We Could Elect to Raise Additional Equity Capital, Which Could Dilute Existing Stockholders.

During the second quarter of 2009 we sold 7,000,000 shares of Leap common stock in an underwritten public offering. We could raise additional capital in the future, as market conditions permit, to enhance our liquidity and to provide us with additional flexibility to pursue business investment initiatives. Any additional capital we could raise could be significant and could consist of debt, convertible debt or equity financing from the public and/or private credit or capital markets. To the extent that we were to elect to raise equity capital, this financing may not be available in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us and could be dilutive to existing stockholders. In addition, these sales could reduce the trading price of Leap common stock and impede our ability to raise future capital.

Your Ownership Interest in Leap Will Be Diluted upon Issuance of Shares We Have Reserved for Future Issuances, and Future Issuances or Sales of Such Shares May Adversely Affect the Market Price of Leap Common Stock.

As of February 1, 2013, 79,134,930 shares of Leap common stock were issued and outstanding, and 5,508,696 additional shares of Leap common stock were reserved for issuance, including 3,444,075 shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and deferred stock units under our 2004 Stock Option, Restricted Stock and Deferred Stock Unit Plan, as amended, 1,476,488 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2004 Stock Option, Restricted Stock and Deferred Stock Unit Plan, 483,225 shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding stock options under our 2009 Employment Inducement Equity Incentive Plan, 65,612 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2009 Employment Inducement Equity Incentive Plan, and 39,296 shares available for future issuance under our Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan. On December 19, 2012, our board of directors approved an amendment to the Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan to add 400,000 shares for issuance thereunder, subject to, and contingent upon, the approval of our stockholders, which approval will be requested at our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2013.
 
Leap has also reserved up to 4,761,000 shares of its common stock for issuance upon conversion of its $250 million in aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes due 2014. Holders may convert their notes into shares of Leap common stock at any time on or prior to the third scheduled trading day prior to the maturity date of the notes, July 15, 2014. If, at the time of conversion,


31



the applicable stock price of Leap common stock is less than or equal to approximately $93.21 per share, the notes will be convertible into 10.7290 shares of Leap common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the notes (referred to as the "base conversion rate"), subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events. If, at the time of conversion, the applicable stock price of Leap common stock exceeds approximately $93.21 per share, the conversion rate will be determined pursuant to a formula based on the base conversion rate and an incremental share factor of 8.3150 shares per $1,000 principal amount of the notes, subject to adjustment. At an applicable stock price of approximately $93.21 per share, the number of shares of common stock issuable upon full conversion of the convertible senior notes would be 2,682,250 shares. Upon the occurrence of a "make-whole fundamental change" of Leap under the indenture, under certain circumstances the maximum number of shares of common stock issuable upon full conversion of the convertible senior notes would be 4,761,000 shares.
 
In addition, we have registered all shares of common stock that we may issue under our 2004 Stock Option, Restricted Stock and Deferred Stock Unit Plan, under our 2009 Employment Inducement Equity Incentive Plan and under our Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan. When we issue shares under these stock plans, they can be freely sold in the public market after the recipient satisfies any vesting period applicable to the shares. If any of Leap's stockholders causes a large number of securities to be sold in the public market, these sales could reduce the trading price of Leap common stock. These sales also could impede our ability to raise future capital.
 
Provisions in Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, under Delaware Law, in Our Credit Agreement and Indentures, or in Our Tax Benefit Preservation Plan Might Discourage, Delay or Prevent a Change in Control of Our Company or Changes in Our Management and, Therefore, Depress the Trading Price of Leap Common Stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of Leap common stock by acting to discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or changes in our management that our stockholders may deem advantageous. These provisions:

require super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws;

authorize the issuance of "blank check" preferred stock that our board of directors could issue to increase the number of outstanding shares to discourage a takeover attempt;

prohibit stockholder action by written consent, and require that all stockholder actions be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;

provide that the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws; and

establish advance notice requirements for nominations for elections to our board or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings.
 
We are also subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any "interested" stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an "interested" stockholder and which may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company.
 
In addition, under the indentures governing our secured and unsecured senior notes and convertible senior notes, if certain "change of control" events occur, each holder of notes may require us to repurchase all of such holder's notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of secured or unsecured senior notes, or 100% of the principal amount of convertible senior notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, our Credit Agreement provides for an event of default upon the occurrence of a change of control. See "Part II - Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -Liquidity and Capital Resources" of this report.
 
On August 30, 2011, our board of directors adopted a Tax Benefit Preservation Plan as a measure intended to help deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that could result in an ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and thus help preserve our ability to use our NOL carryforwards. The Tax Benefit Preservation Plan was approved by our stockholders in May 2012. The Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is designed to deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that would result in a stockholder owning 4.99% or more of Leap common stock (as calculated under Section 382), or any existing holder of 4.99% or more of Leap common stock acquiring additional shares, by substantially diluting the ownership interest of any such stockholder unless the stockholder obtains an exemption from our board of directors. Because the Tax Benefit Preservation Plan may restrict a stockholder's ability to acquire Leap common stock, it could discourage a tender offer for Leap common stock or make it more


32



difficult for a third party to acquire a controlling position in our stock without our approval, and the liquidity and market value of Leap common stock may be adversely affected while the Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is in effect.

Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2.
Properties    

As of December 31, 2012, we leased approximately 9,700 cell sites, 23 switching centers and four warehouse facilities (which range in size from approximately 4,000 square feet to 18,000 square feet). In addition, we had 48 office leases in our individual markets that range from approximately 500 square feet to approximately 40,000 square feet. We also leased approximately 230 retail locations in our markets, including stores ranging in size from approximately 800 square feet to 11,000 square feet.
 
As of December 31, 2012, we leased office space totaling approximately 200,000 square feet for our corporate headquarters in San Diego. We use these offices for engineering and administrative purposes. As of such date, we also leased space, totaling approximately 130,000 square feet, for our facility in Denver for sales and marketing, product development, supply chain, engineering and information technology functions. We do not own any real property.
 
As we continue to develop existing Cricket markets, we may lease additional or substitute office facilities, retail stores, cell sites, switch sites and warehouse facilities.

Item 3.
Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in a variety of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings concerning intellectual property, commercial disputes, business practices and other matters. Due in part to the expansion and development of our business operations, we have become subject to increased amounts of litigation, including disputes alleging intellectual property infringement. These matters may seek monetary damages and other relief.

We believe that any damage amounts alleged by plaintiffs in matters that may arise are not necessarily meaningful indicators of our potential liability. We determine whether we should accrue an estimated loss for a contingency in a particular legal proceeding by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and whether its amount can be reasonably estimated. We reassess our views on estimated losses on a quarterly basis to reflect the impact of any developments in the matters in which we are involved.

Legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, and the matters in which we are involved often present complex legal and factual issues. We vigorously pursue defenses in legal proceedings and engage in discussions where possible to resolve these matters on terms favorable to us. It is possible, however, that our business, financial condition and results of operations in future periods could be materially adversely affected by increased litigation expense, significant settlement costs and/or unfavorable damage awards.

Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures

None.



33




PART II

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 5.
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters

Our common stock is listed for trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under "LEAP."

The following table sets forth the high and low closing prices per share of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market for the quarterly periods indicated, which correspond to our quarterly fiscal periods for financial reporting purposes.

 
 
High($)
 
Low($)
Calendar Year - 2011
 
 
 
 
First Quarter
 
15.65

 
11.64

Second Quarter
 
17.20

 
14.72

Third Quarter
 
16.79

 
6.27

Fourth Quarter
 
9.45

 
5.83

Calendar Year - 2012
 
 
 
 
First Quarter
 
11.14

 
8.56

Second Quarter
 
8.78

 
4.78

Third Quarter
 
6.96

 
4.42

Fourth Quarter
 
7.59

 
5.18


On February 1, 2013, the last reported sale price of Leap common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market was $6.02 per share. As of February 1, 2013, there were 79,134,930 shares of common stock outstanding held by approximately 290 holders of record.
 
Dividends
 
Leap has not paid or declared any cash dividends on its common stock and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. As more fully described in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," the terms of our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our secured and unsecured senior notes restrict our ability to declare or pay dividends. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to fund our business operations. Any future payment of dividends to our stockholders will depend on decisions that will be made by our board of directors and will depend on then existing conditions, including our financial condition, contractual restrictions, capital requirements and business prospects.

Item 6.
Selected Financial Data (in, thousands, except per share data)

The following selected financial data were derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. These tables should be read in conjunction with "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included elsewhere in this report.



34



 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2008
Statement of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
3,142,341

 
$
3,071,131

 
$
2,697,203

 
$
2,481,321

 
$
2,031,924

Operating income (loss)(1)
 
157,763

 
(25,352
)
 
(450,738
)
 
31,124

 
46,700

Loss before income taxes
 
(129,373
)
 
(278,300
)
 
(742,542
)
 
(197,354
)
 
(104,411
)
Income tax expense
 
(57,904
)
 
(39,377
)
 
(42,513
)
 
(40,609
)
 
(38,970
)
Net loss
 
(187,277
)
 
(317,677
)
 
(785,055
)
 
(237,963
)
 
(143,381
)
Accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests, net of tax
 
(2,015
)
 
3,050

 
(86,898
)
 
(1,529
)
 
(6,820
)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
 
$
(189,292
)
 
$
(314,627
)
 
$
(871,953
)
 
$
(239,492
)
 
$
(150,201
)
Loss per share attributable to common stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Basic (2)
 
$
(2.45
)
 
$
(4.11
)
 
$
(11.49
)
 
$
(3.30
)
 
$
(2.21
)
   Diluted (2)
 
$
(2.45
)
 
$
(4.11
)
 
$
(11.49
)
 
$
(3.30
)
 
$
(2.21
)
Shares used in per share calculations: (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Basic
 
77,283

 
76,534

 
75,917

 
72,515

 
68,021

   Diluted
 
77,283

 
76,534

 
75,917

 
72,515

 
68,021


 
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2008
Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
515,550

 
$
345,243

 
$
350,790

 
$
174,999

 
$
357,708

Short-term investments
 
159,426

 
405,801

 
68,367

 
389,154

 
238,143

Working capital
 
379,792

 
314,508

 
85,305

 
272,974

 
278,576

Total assets
 
4,967,260

 
5,152,690

 
4,834,823

 
5,377,481

 
5,052,857

Capital leases
 
42,896

 
34,823

 
10,307

 
12,285

 
13,993

Long-term debt
 
3,298,463

 
3,198,749

 
2,832,070

 
2,735,318

 
2,566,025

Total stockholders' equity
 
433,132

 
613,315

 
911,282

 
1,690,530

 
1,612,676


(1
)
Refer to Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 for discussion of the $477.3 million of non-cash impairment recorded within operating income (loss) during the year ended December 31, 2010.
(2
)
Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for an explanation of the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share.
















35



Item 7.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report.

Overview

Company Overview

We are a wireless communications carrier that offers digital wireless services in the U.S. under the "Cricket®" brand. Our Cricket service offerings provide customers with unlimited nationwide wireless services for a flat rate without requiring a fixed-term contract or a credit check.

Cricket service is offered by Cricket, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Leap. Cricket service is also offered in South Texas by our joint venture, STX Wireless Operations, LLC, or STX Operations, which Cricket controls through a 75.75% membership interest in its parent company STX Wireless, LLC, or STX Wireless. For more information regarding this venture, see "-Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Expenditures, Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions" below.

As of December 31, 2012, Cricket service was offered in 48 states and the District of Columbia across an extended area covering approximately 292 million POPs. As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately 5.3 million customers, and we owned wireless licenses covering an aggregate of approximately 136.7 million POPs (adjusted to eliminate duplication from overlapping licenses). The combined network footprint in our operating markets covered approximately 96.2 million POPs as of December 31, 2012. The licenses we own provide an average of 23 MHz of coverage in our operating markets.

In addition to our Cricket network footprint, we have entered into roaming relationships with other wireless carriers that enable us to offer Cricket customers nationwide voice and data roaming services over an extended service area. We recently entered into an agreement with a national carrier for 4G LTE roaming services. In addition, we have also entered into a wholesale agreement, which we use to offer Cricket services in nationwide retailers outside of our current network footprint, and we recently amended that agreement to enable our customers to receive 4G LTE services. These arrangements have enabled us to offer enhanced Cricket products and services, strengthen our retail presence in our existing markets and expand our distribution nationwide. Since originally introducing products in nationwide retailers in September 2011, we have determined to focus our efforts on those retailers that we believe provide the most attractive opportunities for our business. As a result, we expect to reduce our total presence in the nationwide retail channel from approximately 13,000 locations at June 30, 2012 to approximately 5,000 locations by early 2013.

The foundation of our business is to provide unlimited, nationwide wireless services, and we design and market our products and services to appeal to customers seeking increased value. None of our services require customers to enter into long-term commitments or pass a credit check. The service plans we currently offer are "all-inclusive," with telecommunication taxes and certain fees included within the service plan price.

The wireless telecommunications industry is very competitive. In general, we compete with national facilities-based wireless providers and their prepaid affiliates or brands, local and regional carriers, non-facilities-based MVNOs, VoIP service providers, traditional landline service providers, cable companies and mobile satellite service providers. The evolving competitive landscape negatively impacted our financial and operating results in 2012, including in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2012 when we experienced net customer losses. Our ability to remain competitive will depend, in part, on our ability to anticipate and respond to various competitive factors and to keep our costs low. During the third quarter of 2012, we increased pricing on our devices in an effort to better manage our device subsidy and promote the addition of longer-tenured customers, although such changes have also had the effect of decreasing gross customer additions. We also introduced new pricing plans for our service offerings, which included new features such as visual voicemail on certain smartphones, enhanced international calling plans, and supplemental data packages, and we enhanced our Muve Music service, which is now offered for no additional cost in service plans for our Android-based smartphones. In addition, through a third party we have introduced a device leasing program in certain of our markets to help customers manage the cost of purchasing a handset, and we plan to expand the availability and type of handset financing programs we offer in 2013. The extent to which these initiatives and others we may introduce will positively impact our future financial and operational results will depend upon our continued efforts to enhance the productivity of our distribution channels, continued customer acceptance of our product and service offerings, and our ability to retain these customers. The evolving competitive landscape may result in more competitive pricing, slower growth, higher costs and increased customer turnover. Any of these results or actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.



36



We are continuing to pursue investment initiatives to enhance our network coverage and capacity. We are exploring cost-effective ways to deliver LTE services to additional customers in our network footprint, including by deploying facilities-based coverage and by entering into partnerships or joint ventures with other carriers. We have covered approximately 21 million POPs with next-generation LTE network technology and may cover up to an additional approximately 10 million POPs in 2013. Other investment initiatives include the ongoing maintenance and development of our network and other business assets to allow us to continue to provide customers with high-quality service. We intend to be disciplined as we pursue any investment initiatives and to remain focused on our position as a low-cost provider of wireless telecommunications.

Our customer activity is influenced by seasonal effects related to traditional retail selling periods and other factors that arise in connection with our target customer base. Based on historical results, we generally expect new sales activity to be highest in the first and fourth quarters, although during 2012 we experienced our lowest customer activity during the fourth quarter due, in part, to pricing changes we introduced in the third quarter which reduced the amount of subsidy we provide on devices. Based on historical results, we also generally expect churn to be highest in the third quarter and lowest in the first quarter. Sales activity and churn, however, can be strongly affected by other factors, including changes in service plan pricing, device availability, economic conditions, high unemployment (particularly in the lower-income segment of our customer base) and competitive actions, any of which may either offset or magnify certain seasonal effects. Customer activity can also be strongly affected by promotional and retention efforts that we undertake. For example, from time to time, we lower the price on select smartphones for customers who activate a new line of service and then transfer phone numbers previously used with other carriers. This type of promotion is intended to drive significant, new customer activity for our smartphone handsets and their accompanying higher-priced service plans. We also frequently offer existing customers the opportunity to activate an additional line of voice service on a previously activated Cricket device not currently in service. Customers accepting this offer receive a free first month of service on the additional line of service after paying an activation fee. We also utilize retention programs to encourage existing customers whose service may have been suspended for failure to timely pay to continue service with us for a reduced or free amount. The design, size and duration of our promotional and retention programs vary over time in response to changing market conditions. We believe that our promotional and retention efforts, including those efforts described above, have generally provided and continue to provide important long-term benefits to us, including by helping us attract new customers for our wireless services or by extending the period of time over which customers use our services, thus allowing us to obtain additional revenue from handsets we have already sold. The success of any of these activities depends upon many factors, including the cost that we incur to attract or retain customers and the length of time these customers continue to use our services. Sales activity that would otherwise have been expected based on seasonal trends can also be negatively impacted by factors such as the billing system disruptions we experienced in 2011, promotional and retention efforts not performing as expected at various times in 2012, device quality issues, and the inventory shortages for or unavailability of certain of our strongest-selling devices we have experienced at various times.

Our principal sources of liquidity are our existing unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and cash generated from operations. See "-Liquidity and Capital Resources" below.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 
Our discussion and analysis of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. These principles require us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities, our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and our reported amounts of revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition and the valuation of deferred tax assets, long-lived assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets. We base our estimates on historical and anticipated results and trends and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

We believe that the following critical accounting policies and estimates involve a higher degree of judgment or complexity than others used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the operating results and financial position of Leap and its wholly-owned subsidiaries as well as the operating results and financial position of STX Wireless and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. We consolidate STX Wireless in accordance with the authoritative guidance for consolidations based on the voting interest model. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.


37




The consolidated financial statements also include the operating results and financial position of Savary Island Wireless, LLC, or Savary Island, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries prior to their merger with and into Cricket on December 28, 2012. Prior to October 1, 2012, we consolidated our non-controlling membership interest in Savary Island in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the consolidation of variable interest entities because Savary Island was a variable interest entity and, among other factors, we had entered into an agreement with Savary Island's other member that established a specified purchase price in the event that it exercised its right to sell its membership interest to us. On October 1, 2012, we acquired the remaining 15% controlling membership interest in Savary Island and Savary Island and its wholly-owned subsidiaries became direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, respectively, of Cricket.

Revenues

Our business revenues principally arise from the sale of wireless services, devices (handsets and broadband modems) and accessories. Wireless services are provided primarily on a month-to-month basis. Our customers are required to pay for their service in advance and we do not require customers to sign fixed-term contracts or pass a credit check. Service revenues are recognized only after payment has been received and services have been rendered.

When we activate service for a new customer, we often sell that customer a device along with a period of service. In accordance with the authoritative guidance for revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables, the sale of a device along with service constitutes a multiple element arrangement. Under this guidance, once a company has determined the best estimate of selling price of the elements in the sales transaction, the total consideration received from the customer must be allocated among those elements on a relative selling price basis. Applying the guidance to these transactions results in our recognition of the total consideration received, less amounts allocated to the wireless service period (generally the customer's monthly service plan), as equipment revenue.

Amounts allocated to equipment revenues and related costs from the sale of devices are recognized when service is activated by new customers. Revenues and related costs from the sale of devices and accessories to existing customers are recognized at the point of sale. The costs of devices and accessories sold are recorded in cost of equipment. In addition to devices that we sell directly to our customers at Cricket-owned stores, we sell devices to third-party dealers, including nationwide retailers. These dealers then sell the devices to the ultimate Cricket customer, similar to the sale made at a Cricket-owned store. Sales of devices to third-party dealers are recognized as equipment revenues only when service is activated by customers, since the level of price reductions and commissions ultimately available to such dealers is not reliably estimable until the devices are sold by such dealers to customers. Thus, revenues from devices sold to third-party dealers are recorded as deferred equipment revenue and the related costs of the devices are recorded as deferred charges upon shipment of the devices by us. The deferred charges are recognized as equipment costs when the related equipment revenue is recognized, which occurs when service is activated by the customer.

In 2012, we entered into an arrangement with a third-party logistics provider to manage the planning, purchasing and fulfillment of handsets and other devices. The arrangement was structured, if fully implemented, to allow our third-party dealers and nationwide retailers to purchase handsets and other devices directly from the logistics provider, such that we, in most cases, would not hold title to, or have risk of loss for, the related device inventory shipped to our dealers. As a result, we would not record deferred equipment revenues or deferred charges on our balance sheet for the devices when shipped nor would we record equipment revenues or cost of equipment when these devices were activated. Amounts paid to the logistics provider would be recorded as deferred costs upon shipment of devices to the dealers and retailers and in cost of equipment when service is activated by the customer.

We amended the terms of the arrangement, effective December 1, 2012, such that our third-party dealers and nationwide retailers will no longer purchase handsets and other devices directly from the logistics provider. The logistics provider will continue to assist with the management of our supply chain efforts, including planning, purchasing and fulfillment. Prior to this amendment, during the fourth quarter of 2012, our third-party dealers and nationwide retailers purchased and sold approximately $20.5 million of handsets and other devices from the logistics provider.

Through another third-party provider, our customers may elect to participate in an extended warranty program for devices they purchase. We recognize revenue on replacement devices sold to its customers under the program when the customer purchases the device.

We participate in the federal government's Lifeline program and are designated as an eligible telecommunications carrier in certain states in which we provide wireless services. Under this program, we offer discounted wireless services to qualified customers and generally receive reimbursement for a portion of the subsidized services. We recognize revenue under this program only after amounts eligible for reimbursement have been determined and services have been rendered.


38




Sales incentives offered to customers and commissions and sales incentives offered to our third-party dealers are recognized as a reduction of revenue when the related service or equipment revenue is recognized. Customers have limited rights to return devices and accessories based on time and/or usage, and customer returns of devices and accessories have historically been insignificant.

Amounts that are billed in advance of customers' wireless service periods are not reflected in accounts receivable or deferred revenue since collectability of such amounts is not reasonably assured. Deferred revenue consists primarily of cash received from customers in advance of their service period and deferred equipment revenue related to devices sold to third-party dealers, including nationwide retailers.

Universal Service Fund, E-911 and other telecommunications-related regulatory fees are assessed by various federal and state governmental agencies in connection with the services that we provide to our customers. The service plans we currently offer are "all-inclusive" of telecommunications and regulatory fees, in that we do not separately bill and collect amounts owed and remitted to government agencies from our customers. For our legacy service plans, which are not "all-inclusive," we separately bill and collect from our customers amounts owed and remitted to government agencies. Regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes separately billed and collected from our customers are recorded in service revenues. Amounts owed to government agencies are recorded in cost of service. During the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 the total amount of regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes separately billed and collected from customers and recorded in service revenues was $9.4 million, $32.6 million and $108.4 million, respectively. Sales, use and excise taxes for all service plans are reported on a net basis.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The authoritative guidance for fair value measurements defines fair value for accounting purposes, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and provides disclosure requirements regarding fair value measurements. The guidance defines fair value as an exit price, which is the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid upon transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities generally correlates to the level of pricing observability. Assets and liabilities with readily available, actively quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices in active markets generally have more pricing observability and require less judgment in measuring fair value. Conversely, assets and liabilities that are rarely traded or not quoted have less pricing observability and are generally measured at fair value using valuation models that require more judgment. These valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency of the asset, liability or market and the nature of the asset or liability. We have categorized our assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy in accordance with the guidance for fair value measurements.

Depreciation and Amortization
 
Depreciation of property and equipment is applied using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of our assets once the assets are placed in service. The following table summarizes the depreciable lives (in years):
 
 
 
Depreciable Life
Network equipment:
 
 
  Switches
 
5-10
  Switch power equipment
 
15
  Cell site equipment and site improvements
 
5-7
  Towers
 
15
  Antennae
 
5
Computer hardware and software
 
3-5
Furniture, fixtures, retail and office equipment
 
3-7

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
We assess potential impairments to our long-lived assets, including property and equipment and certain intangible assets, when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that their respective carrying values may not be recoverable. An impairment loss may be required to be recognized when the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by a long-lived


39



asset (or group of such assets) is less than its carrying value. Any required impairment loss would be measured as the amount by which the asset's carrying value exceeds its fair value and would be recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and charged to results of operations.

During the fourth quarter of 2012, in connection with our plans to reduce our previously planned network expansion activities and overall capital expenditures, certain projects relating to network design, site acquisition and other internal corporate initiatives were canceled. Therefore, we determined that certain capitalized amounts were no longer recoverable, and as such, recorded an impairment charge of $13.6 million during the fourth quarter of 2012, reducing the carrying value of those capitalized amounts to zero. Refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for further discussion of the impairment charge. There were no other events or circumstances that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2012 that indicated the carrying value of any long-lived assets may not be recoverable.

There were no events or circumstances that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2011 that indicated the carrying value of any long-lived assets may not be recoverable.

In August 2010, we entered into a wholesale agreement, which we use to offer Cricket services in nationwide retailers outside of our current network footprint. This agreement has enabled us to strengthen our retail presence in our existing markets and expand our distribution nationwide, and provided us greater flexibility with respect to our network expansion plans. As a result, after entering into this wholesale agreement, we determined to spend an increased portion of our planned capital expenditures on the deployment of next-generation LTE technology and to defer our previously planned network expansion activities. As a result of these developments, costs for certain network, design, site acquisition and capitalized interest relating to the expansion of our network that had been previously accumulated in construction-in-progress were determined to be impaired and we recorded an impairment charge of $46.5 million during the third quarter of 2010.

Impairment of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
 
We assess potential impairments to our indefinite-lived intangible assets, including wireless licenses and goodwill, on an annual basis or when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate an impairment condition may exist. In addition on a quarterly basis, we evaluate the triggering event criteria outlined in the authoritative guidance for intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment condition may exist. Our annual impairment test is conducted each year during the third quarter.
 
Wireless Licenses
 
We hold PCS, AWS and 700MHz wireless licenses granted by the FCC that are specific to a particular geographic area on spectrum that has been allocated by the FCC for such services. Wireless licenses are initially recorded at cost and are not amortized. Although FCC licenses are issued with a stated term (ten years in the case of PCS and 700MHz licenses and fifteen years in the case of AWS licenses), wireless licenses are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets because we expect to provide wireless service using the relevant licenses for the foreseeable future. PCS, AWS and 700MHz licenses are routinely renewed for either no or a nominal fee and we have determined that no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors currently exist that limit the useful lives of our wireless licenses. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate the remaining useful lives of our indefinite-lived wireless licenses to determine whether events and circumstances, such as legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors, continue to support an indefinite useful life. If a wireless license is subsequently determined to have a finite useful life, we would first test the wireless license for impairment and the wireless license would then be amortized prospectively over its estimated remaining useful life. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the carrying value of our wireless licenses (excluding assets held for sale) was $1.9 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively. Wireless licenses to be disposed of by sale are carried at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. As of December 31, 2012, wireless licenses with a carrying value of $136.2 million were classified as assets held for sale, as more fully described in "-Liquidity and Capital Resources," below.
 
For purposes of testing impairment, our wireless licenses in our operating markets are combined into a single unit of account because we believe that utilizing these wireless licenses as a group represents the highest and best use of the assets, and the value of the wireless licenses would not be significantly impacted by a sale of one or a portion of the wireless licenses, among other factors. Our non-operating licenses are tested for impairment on an individual basis because these licenses are not functioning as part of a group with licenses in our operating markets. As of December 31, 2012, the carrying values of our operating and non-operating wireless licenses were $1,904.7 million and $42.6 million, respectively.
 
An impairment loss would be recognized on our operating wireless licenses when the aggregate fair value of the wireless licenses is less than their aggregate carrying value and is measured as the amount by which the licenses' aggregate carrying value exceeds


40



their aggregate fair value. An impairment loss would be recognized on our non-operating wireless licenses when the fair value of a wireless license is less than its carrying value and is measured as the amount by which the license's carrying value exceeds its fair value. Any required impairment loss would be recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the relevant wireless license and charged to results of operations. As more fully described below, the fair value of our wireless licenses was determined using Level 3 inputs in accordance with the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements.
 
The valuation method we use to determine the fair value of our wireless licenses is the market approach. Under this method, we determine fair value by comparing our respective wireless licenses to sales prices of other wireless licenses of similar size and type that have been recently sold through government auctions and private transactions. As part of this market-level analysis, the fair value of each wireless license is also evaluated and adjusted for developments or changes in legal, regulatory and technical matters, and for demographic and economic factors, such as population size, unemployment rates, composition, growth rate and density, household and disposable income, and composition and concentration of the market's workforce in industry sectors identified as wireless-centric (e.g., real estate, transportation, professional services, agribusiness, finance and insurance).
 
In connection with our 2012 annual impairment test, the aggregate fair value and carrying value of our operating wireless licenses (excluding assets held for sale) were $2,415.0 million and $1,745.7 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2012. No impairment charges were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2012 or 2011 with respect to our operating wireless licenses as the aggregate fair value of these licenses exceeded their aggregate carrying value as of such dates. If the fair value of our operating wireless licenses had declined by 10%, we would not have recognized any impairment loss.
 
In connection with our 2012 annual impairment test, the aggregate fair value and carrying value of our non-operating wireless licenses (excluding assets held for sale) were $77.9 million and $42.6 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2012. We did not record any impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2012 to reduce the carrying value of any non-operating wireless license to its estimated fair value. If the fair value of our non-operating wireless licenses had each declined by 10%, we would have recognized an impairment loss of approximately $0.1 million. We recorded an impairment charge of $0.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 to reduce the carrying value of certain non-operating wireless licenses to their estimated fair values.

We evaluated whether any triggering events or changes in circumstances occurred subsequent to the 2012 annual impairment test of our wireless licenses that indicate that an impairment condition may exist. This evaluation included consideration of whether there had been any significant adverse change in legal factors or in our business climate, adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, loss of key personnel or likely sale or disposal of all or a significant portion of an asset group. Based upon this evaluation, we concluded that no triggering events or changes in circumstances had occurred.

Goodwill

We record the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination as goodwill. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as well as when an event or change in circumstance indicates an impairment may have occurred. As further discussed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, goodwill is tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of our single reporting unit to our carrying amount to determine if there is a potential goodwill impairment. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the implied fair value of the goodwill of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value.
 
During the third quarter of each year, we assess our goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level by applying a fair value test. This fair value test involves a two-step process. The first step is to compare the carrying value of our net assets to our fair value. If the fair value is determined to be less than the carrying value, a second step is performed to measure the amount of the impairment, if any.
 
Significant judgments are required in connection with the annual impairment test in order to estimate our fair value. We have generally based our determination of fair value primarily upon our average market capitalization for the month of August, plus a control premium. Average market capitalization is calculated based upon the average number of shares of Leap common stock outstanding during such month and the average closing price of Leap common stock during such month. We considered the month of August to be an appropriate period over which to measure average market capitalization in 2012 because trading prices during that period reflected market reaction to our most recently announced financial and operating results, announced early in the month of August.

In conducting the annual impairment test during the third quarter of 2012, we applied a control premium of 30% to our average market capitalization. We believe that consideration of a control premium is customary in determining fair value and is contemplated by the applicable accounting guidance. We believe that our consideration of a control premium was appropriate because we believe


41



that our market capitalization does not fully capture the fair value of our business as a whole or the additional amount an assumed purchaser would pay to obtain a controlling interest in our company. We determined the amount of the control premium as part of our third quarter 2012 testing based upon relevant transactional experience and an assessment of market, economic and other factors. Depending on the circumstances, the actual amount of any control premium realized in any transaction involving our company could be higher or lower than the control premium that we applied.

The carrying value of our goodwill was $31.9 million as of August 31, 2012. Based upon our annual impairment test conducted during the third quarter of 2012, the value of our net assets as of August 31, 2012 was $527.5 million and the fair value of our company, based upon our average market capitalization during the month of August and an assumed control premium of 30%, was $573.5 million. As such, we determined that no impairment condition existed and we were not required to perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test.

In the fourth quarter of 2012, we evaluated whether any triggering events or changes in circumstances had occurred subsequent to the annual impairment test conducted in the third quarter of 2012. As part of this evaluation, we considered whether there had been any events or circumstances that would indicate it was more likely than not that our carrying value exceeded our fair value.  Based on this evaluation, we determined that the $106.4 million gain resulting from the spectrum swap with T-Mobile, which closed on October 1, 2012, constituted a triggering event due to the significant increase in our carrying value that resulted from the transaction. See "-Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Expenditures, Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions" below for additional information on the spectrum swap.  As such, we were required to perform an interim goodwill impairment test. In conducting the interim impairment test, we determined our fair value by using the average market capitalization during the month of October, which was selected because that was the month in which the spectrum swap transaction closed. Consistent with our annual impairment test conducted in the third quarter, we continued to apply a control premium of 30% to our average market capitalization. The carrying value of our goodwill was $31.9 million as of October 31, 2012. The value of our net assets as of October 31, 2012 was $528.0 million and our fair value, based upon the average market capitalization during the month of October and an assumed control premium of 30%, was $621.2 million. As such, we determined that no impairment condition existed on an interim basis and we were not required to perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test.

The closing price of Leap common stock was $6.65 on December 31, 2012 and Leap's market capitalization was above our book value as of such date. Since that time, the closing price of Leap common stock has ranged from a high of $7.05 per share to a low of $5.51 per share. If the price of Leap common stock continues to trade at or near current levels or certain triggering events were to occur, we may be required to perform the second step of our goodwill impairment test on an interim basis to determine the fair value of our net assets, which may require us to recognize a non-cash impairment charge for some or all of the $31.9 million carrying value of our goodwill.

Based upon our annual impairment test conducted during the third quarter of 2011, we determined that no impairment condition existed because the book value of our net assets as of August 31, 2011 was $676.1 million and the fair value of our company, based upon our average market capitalization during the month of August and an assumed control premium of 30%, was $848.4 million.

Based upon on our annual impairment test conducted during the third quarter of 2010, the book value of our net assets exceeded the fair value of our company, determined based upon our average market capitalization during the month of August 2010 and an assumed control premium of 30%. We therefore performed the second step of the assessment to measure the amount of any impairment. Under step two of the assessment, we performed a hypothetical purchase price allocation as if our company was being acquired in a business combination and estimated the fair value of our identifiable assets and liabilities. This step of the assessment indicated that the implied fair value of our goodwill was zero, as the fair value of our identifiable assets and liabilities as of August 31, 2010 exceeded the fair value of our company. As a result, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $430.1 million in the third quarter of 2010, reducing the carrying amount of our goodwill at that time to zero.

Income Taxes
 
We calculate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves calculating the current tax expense or benefit and any deferred income tax expense or benefit resulting from temporary differences arising from differing treatments of items for tax and accounting purposes. These temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are also established for the expected future tax benefits to be derived from our NOL carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards and income tax credits.
 
We periodically assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recoverable from future taxable income. To the extent we believe it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will not be recovered, we must establish a valuation allowance. As part of this periodic assessment for the year ended December 31, 2012, we weighed the positive and negative factors and, at


42



this time, we do not believe there is sufficient positive evidence to support a conclusion that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of our deferred tax assets will be realized, except with respect to the realization of a $1.9 million Texas Margins Tax, or TMT, credit. Accordingly, at December 31, 2012 and 2011, we recorded a valuation allowance offsetting substantially all of our deferred tax assets. We will continue to monitor the positive and negative factors to assess whether we are required to continue to maintain a valuation allowance. At such time as we determine that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets are realizable, the valuation allowance will be reduced or released in its entirety, with the corresponding benefit reflected in our tax provision. Deferred tax liabilities associated with wireless licenses and investments in certain joint ventures cannot be considered a source of taxable income to support the realization of deferred tax assets because these deferred tax liabilities will not reverse until some indefinite future period when these assets are either sold or impaired for book purposes.
 
We have substantial federal and state NOLs for income tax purposes. Subject to certain requirements, we may “carry forward” our federal NOLs for up to 20 years to offset future taxable income and reduce our income tax liability. For state income tax purposes, the NOL carryforward period ranges from five to 20 years. As of December 31, 2012, we had federal and state NOLs of approximately $2.6 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, which begin to expire in 2022 for federal income tax purposes and of which $69.8 million will expire at the end of 2013 for state income tax purposes. While these NOL carryforwards have a potential to be used to offset future ordinary taxable income and reduce future cash tax liabilities by approximately $1.0 billion, our ability to utilize these NOLs will depend upon the availability of future taxable income during the carryforward period and, as such, there is no assurance we will be able to realize such tax savings.
 
Our ability to utilize NOLs could be further limited if we were to experience an “ownership change,” as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. In general terms, an ownership change can occur whenever there is a collective shift in the ownership of a company by more than 50 percentage points by one or more “5% stockholders” within a three-year period. The occurrence of such a change generally limits the amount of NOL carryforwards a company could utilize in a given year to the aggregate fair market value of the company's common stock immediately prior to the ownership change, multiplied by the long-term tax-exempt interest rate in effect for the month of the ownership change.
 
In 2011, trading in Leap common stock increased the risk of an ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Accordingly, on August 30, 2011, our board of directors adopted a Tax Benefit Preservation Plan to help deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that could result in an ownership change under Section 382 and thus help preserve our ability to use our NOL carryforwards. The Tax Benefit Preservation Plan is designed to deter acquisitions of Leap common stock that would result in a stockholder owning 4.99% or more of Leap common stock (as calculated under Section 382), or any existing holder of 4.99% or more of Leap common stock acquiring additional shares, by substantially diluting the ownership interest of any such stockholder unless the stockholder obtains an exemption from our board of directors.
 
None of our NOL carryforwards are being considered as an uncertain tax position or disclosed as an unrecognized tax benefit. Any carryforwards that expire prior to utilization as a result of a Section 382 limitation will be removed from deferred tax assets with a corresponding reduction to valuation allowance. Since we currently maintain a full valuation allowance against our federal and state NOL carryforwards, we do not expect that any possible limitation would have a current impact on our results of operations.
 
In accordance with the authoritative guidance for business combinations, which became effective for us on January 1, 2009, any reduction in the valuation allowance, including the valuation allowance established in fresh-start reporting, will be accounted for as a reduction of income tax expense.
 
Our unrecognized income tax benefits and uncertain tax positions, as well as any associated interest and penalties, are recorded through income tax expense; however, such amounts have not been significant in any period. All of our tax years from 1998 to 2011 remain open to examination by federal and state taxing authorities. In July 2009, the federal examination of our 2005 tax year, which was limited in scope, was concluded and the results did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Customer Recognition and Disconnect Policies

We recognize a new customer as a gross addition in the month that he or she activates a Cricket service. We recognize a gross customer addition for each Cricket Wireless, Cricket Broadband and Cricket PAYGo line of service activated.

For our Cricket Wireless and Cricket Broadband services, the customer must pay his or her service amount by the payment due date or his or her service will be suspended. These customers, however, may elect to purchase our BridgePay service, which entitles them to an additional seven days of service. When service is suspended, the customer is generally not able to make or receive calls or access the internet. Any call attempted by a suspended customer is routed directly to our customer service center in order to arrange payment. If a new customer does not pay all amounts due on the first bill he or she receives after initial activation within


43



30 days of the due date, the account is disconnected and deducted from gross customer additions during the month in which the customer's service was discontinued. If a customer has made payment on the first bill received after initial activation and in a subsequent month does not pay all amounts due within 30 days of the due date, the account is disconnected and counted as churn. For Cricket Wireless customers who have elected to use BridgePay to receive an additional seven days of service, those customers must still pay all amounts otherwise due on their account within 30 days of the original due date or their account will also be disconnected and counted as churn. Pay-in-advance customers who ask to terminate their service are disconnected when their paid service period ends.

Customers for our Cricket PAYGo service generally have 60 days from the date they activated their account, were charged a daily or monthly access fee for service or last "topped-up" their account (whichever is later) to do so again, or they will have their account suspended for a subsequent 60-day period before being disconnected.

Customer turnover, frequently referred to as churn, is an important business metric in the telecommunications industry because it can have significant financial effects. Because we do not require customers to sign fixed-term contracts or pass a credit check, our service is available to a broad customer base and, as a result, some of our customers may be more likely to have their service terminated due to an inability to pay.


Results of Operations

Operating Items

The following tables summarize operating data for our consolidated operations (in thousands, except percentages):

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change from
Prior Year
 
2012
 
% of
Service
Revenues
 
2011
 
% of
Service
Revenues
 
Dollars
 
Percent
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service revenues
$
2,947,457

 
 
 
$
2,829,281

 
 
 
$
118,176

 
4.2
 %
Equipment revenues
194,884

 
 
 
241,850

 
 
 
(46,966
)
 
(19.4
)%
Total revenues
3,142,341

 
 
 
3,071,131

 
 
 
71,210

 
2.3
 %
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of service
1,034,167

 
35.1
%
 
981,203

 
34.7
 %
 
52,964

 
5.4
 %
Cost of equipment
816,226

 
27.7
%
 
817,920

 
28.9
 %
 
(1,694
)
 
(0.2
)%
Selling and marketing
349,970

 
11.9
%
 
369,257

 
13.1
 %
 
(19,287
)
 
(5.2
)%
General and administrative
348,934

 
11.8
%
 
355,529

 
12.6
 %
 
(6,595
)
 
(1.9
)%
Depreciation and amortization
625,596

 
21.2
%
 
548,426

 
19.4
 %
 
77,170

 
14.1
 %
Impairments and other charges
39,399

 
1.3
%
 
26,770

 
0.9
 %
 
12,629

 
47.2
 %
Total operating expenses
3,214,292

 
109.1
%
 
3,099,105

 
109.5
 %
 
115,187

 
3.7
 %
Gain on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net
229,714

 
7.8
%
 
2,622

 
0.1
 %
 
227,092

 
*
Operating income (loss)
$
157,763

 
5.4
%
 
$
(25,352
)
 
(0.9
)%
 
$
183,115

 
*
* Percentage change is not meaningful.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



44



 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change from
Prior Year
 
2011
 
% of
Service
Revenues
 
2010
 
% of
Service
Revenues
 
Dollars
 
Percent
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service revenues
$
2,829,281

 
 
 
$
2,482,601

 
 
 
$
346,680

 
14.0
 %
Equipment revenues
241,850

 
 
 
214,602

 
 
 
27,248

 
12.7
 %
Total revenues
3,071,131

 
 
 
2,697,203

 
 
 
373,928

 
13.9
 %
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of service
981,203

 
34.7
 %
 
840,635

 
33.9
 %
 
140,568

 
16.7
 %
Cost of equipment
817,920

 
28.9
 %
 
591,994

 
23.8
 %
 
225,926

 
38.2
 %
Selling and marketing
369,257

 
13.1
 %
 
414,318

 
16.7
 %
 
(45,061
)
 
(10.9
)%
General and administrative
355,529

 
12.6
 %
 
361,571

 
14.6
 %
 
(6,042
)
 
(1.7
)%
Depreciation and amortization
548,426

 
19.4
 %
 
457,035

 
18.4
 %
 
91,391

 
20.0
 %
Impairments and other charges
26,770

 
0.9
 %
 
477,327

 
19.2
 %
 
(450,557
)
 
(94.4
)%
Total operating expenses
3,099,105

 
109.5
 %
 
3,142,880

 
126.6
 %
 
(43,775
)
 
(1.4
)%
Gain (loss) on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net
2,622

 
0.1
 %
 
(5,061
)
 
(0.2
)%
 
7,683

 
*
Operating loss
$
(25,352
)
 
(0.9
)%
 
$
(450,738
)
 
(18.2
)%
 
$
425,386

 
*
* Percentage change is not meaningful.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The following tables summarize customer activity:
 
Year Ended December 31,

2012
 
2011
 
2010
Gross customer additions
2,334,383

 
2,991,352

 
3,219,485

Net customer additions (losses)
(637,229
)
 
415,834

 
241,546

Weighted-average number of customers (1)
5,799,493

 
5,724,152

 
5,239,638

Total customers, end of period
5,296,784

 
5,934,013

 
5,518,179

__________
(1) At December 31, 2010, the weighted-average number of customers and total customers, end of period included approximately 323,000 customers contributed by various entities doing business as Pocket Communications, or Pocket, to STX Wireless in October 2010 in connection with the formation of our south Texas joint venture.

Gross Customer Additions

Gross customer additions for the year ended December 31, 2012 were 2,334,383 compared to 2,991,352 for the prior year. The 22.0% decrease in the number of gross customer additions was primarily attributable to increased competition and overall softness in the wireless industry. Additional contributors to the decrease in the number of gross customer additions included higher pricing on our devices, promotional activities that did not perform as expected, certain device quality and selection issues, our continued de-emphasis on Cricket Broadband, discontinuation of our daily PAYGo product and a narrowed focus on fewer nationwide retail partners.

Gross customer additions for the year ended December 31, 2011 were 2,991,352 compared to 3,219,485 for the prior year. The 7.1% decrease in the number of gross customer additions was primarily driven by changes we made to our product and service offerings in the second half of 2010, which eliminated the first free month of service we previously provided new customers and generally equalized the prices that new and existing customers paid for handsets. Prior to these changes, many existing customers


45



who wished to replace or upgrade their handset would activate a new line of service to receive a discount on the handset as well as a free month of service and would then terminate their existing service, which had the effect of increasing our gross customer additions and churn. The year-over-year decrease in gross customer additions was also driven by expected decreases in the number of new Cricket Broadband customers due to increased device pricing, reduced marketing emphasis and increased network management initiatives. The year-over-year decrease was partially offset by an increase in the number of new voice customers as a result of customer acceptance of the "all-inclusive" service plans and smartphones that we introduced in the second half of 2010, as well as our new Muve Music service that we introduced in 2011.

Net Customer Additions (Losses)

Net customer losses for the year ended December 31, 2012 were 637,229 compared to net customer additions of 415,834 for the prior year. The change was primarily due to the decrease in gross customer additions discussed above and higher churn levels.

Net customer additions for the year ended December 31, 2011 were 415,834 compared to 241,546 for the prior year. The 72.2% increase in the number of net customer additions was primarily due to a decrease in customer churn of approximately 90 basis points, driven by customer acceptance of our "all-inclusive" service plans for Cricket wireless service and the smartphones that we introduced in the second half of 2010, as well as our new Muve Music service that we introduced in 2011, partially offset by an increase in the number of net customer deactivations for our Cricket Broadband service due to increased device pricing, reduced marketing emphasis and increased network management initiatives.

Service Revenues

Service revenues increased $118.2 million, or 4.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year. This increase resulted from a 1.3% increase in the weighted-average number of customers and a 3.7% increase in ARPU, primarily due to increased uptake of higher-priced service plans for our smartphones and Muve Music service.

Service revenues increased $346.7 million, or 14.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. This increase resulted from a 9.2% increase in the weighted-average total number of customers due to customer growth in our existing markets and the contribution of approximately 323,000 customers by Pocket to STX Wireless in October 2010 in connection with the formation of our South Texas joint venture, as well as a 7.8% increase in ARPU. The increase in ARPU was primarily attributable to increased uptake of our higher-priced service plans for smartphones that we introduced in the second half of 2010 as well as the impact of our new Muve Music service, partially offset by a decrease in average total customers for our Cricket Broadband service and the elimination of certain late payment and reactivation fees in the second half of 2010.

Equipment Revenues

Equipment revenues decreased $47.0 million, or 19.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year primarily due to an 8.9% decrease in the number of devices sold to new and upgrading customers, which was primarily due to our decreased gross customer additions in the current year period as discussed above.

Equipment revenues increased $27.2 million, or 12.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. This increase was primarily due to an 8.7% increase in the number of devices sold to new and upgrading customers as well as a 3.7% increase in average revenue per device sold. The increase in average revenue per device sold was primarily due to increased sales of our smartphones and Muve Music enabled devices that were launched in the second half of 2010.

Cost of Service

Cost of service increased $53.0 million, or 5.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year. As a percentage of service revenues, such expenses increased to 35.1% from 34.7% in the prior year. Principal factors contributing to the increase in cost of service were the inclusion of Muve Music in service plans for our Android-based smartphones and increased roaming cost in connection with our unlimited nationwide service plans.

Cost of service increased $140.6 million, or 16.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. As a percentage of service revenues, cost of service was 34.7% compared to 33.9% in the prior year. Principal factors contributing to the increase in cost of service included increased telecommunications taxes due to both a 9.2% increase in the weighted-average


46



total number of customers and increases in federal and state tax rates, our increased penetration in existing markets with higher tax rates and increased roaming costs in connection with the introduction of our unlimited nationwide service plans.

Cost of Equipment

Cost of equipment decreased $1.7 million, or 0.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year primarily due to an 8.9% decrease in the number of devices sold, partially offset by a 9.6% increase in the average cost per device sold.

Cost of equipment increased $225.9 million, or 38.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. A 27.2% increase in the average cost per device sold was accompanied by an 8.7% increase in the number of devices sold. The increase in the average cost per device sold to new and upgrading customers during the period was largely attributable to our introduction of smartphones in 2010, as well as customer acceptance of our new Muve Music enabled devices in 2011.

Selling and Marketing Expenses

Selling and marketing expenses decreased $19.3 million, or 5.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year. As a percentage of service revenues, such expenses decreased to 11.9% from 13.1% in the prior year. This percentage decrease was largely attributable to the increase in service revenues and the decrease in selling costs primarily due to the sale and transfer of select company-owned retail locations to indirect dealers, which lowered our fixed costs associated with store facilities and employee-related costs. These decreases were partially offset by the increase in advertising expense in the third quarter of 2012 associated with the launch of our new devices and service plans.

Selling and marketing expenses decreased $45.1 million, or 10.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. As a percentage of service revenues, such expenses decreased to 13.1% from 16.7% in the prior year. This percentage decrease was largely attributable to a 1.5% decrease in media and advertising costs as a percentage of service revenues, reflecting higher spending in the corresponding period of the prior year in connection with the launch of our new "all-inclusive" service plans and smartphones, as well as an increase in service revenues and consequent benefits of scale.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $6.6 million, or 1.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year. As a percentage of service revenues, such expenses decreased to 11.8% from 12.6% in the prior year primarily due to continued benefits from our cost-management initiatives and the increase in service revenues.

General and administrative expenses decreased $6.0 million, or 1.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. As a percentage of service revenues, such expenses decreased to 12.6% from 14.6% in the prior year primarily due to continued benefits from our cost-management initiatives and the increase in service revenues and consequent benefits of scale.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $77.2 million, or 14.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense was due primarily to network upgrades, which related, in part, to our deployment of next-generation LTE technology.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $91.4 million or 20.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense was due primarily to the expansion and upgrade of our network and corporate platforms as well as depreciation and amortization expense related to the assets that Pocket contributed to STX Wireless in connection with the formation of our South Texas joint venture in October 2010.

Impairments and Other Charges

During the year ended December 31, 2012, we incurred approximately $39.4 million in impairments and other charges related to reducing our cost structure and exiting certain activities. During the third quarter of 2012, we recorded approximately $14.8 million in severance expenses and related costs to implement our plan to reduce administrative and corporate support costs through a reduction in personnel. Additionally, in connection with our plans to reduce our previously planned network expansion activities and overall capital expenditures, certain plans for network design, site acquisition and internal corporate programming and


47



development were canceled. Therefore, we determined that certain capitalized amounts were no longer recoverable, and as such, recorded an impairment charge of $13.6 million, writing the carrying value of those capitalized amounts down to zero. Additionally, in connection with the reduction in network expansion activities, we recognized restructuring charges of approximately $11.0 million primarily related to lease exit costs associated with cell sites that were no longer being developed or utilized.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, we incurred approximately $26.4 million of integration charges relating primarily to certain leased cell site and retail store locations contributed to our joint venture STX Wireless in the South Texas region that it no longer uses. 

During the year ended December 31, 2010, we recorded impairments and other charges of approximately $477.3 million, primarily related to a goodwill impairment charge of $430.1 million, as a result of our annual impairment testing conducted during the third quarter of 2010. In addition we recorded an impairment charge of $46.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2010, as a result of our determination to spend an increased portion of our planned capital expenditures on the deployment of next-generation LTE technology and to defer our previously planned network expansion activities. These costs were previously included in construction-in-progress, for certain network design, site acquisition and interest costs capitalized during the construction period.

No impairment charges were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2012 with respect to our wireless licenses. As a result of our annual impairment testing of our wireless licenses conducted during the third quarters of 2011 and 2010, we recorded impairment charges of $0.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively, to reduce the carrying value of certain non-operating wireless licenses to their fair value. No such impairment charges were recorded with respect to our operating wireless licenses for either period, as the aggregate fair values of these licenses exceeded their aggregate carrying value.

Gain (Loss) on Sale, Exchange or Disposal of Assets, Net

Gain (loss) on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net reflects the net gain or loss recognized upon the disposal of certain of our property and equipment and wireless licenses. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we recognized a net gain of $229.7 million. We recorded a gain of approximately $236.8 million related to the sale of spectrum to Verizon Wireless and exchange of spectrum with T-Mobile. For more information regarding these transactions, see the discussion below under "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Capital Expenditures, Significant Acquisitions and Other Transactions." This gain was partially offset by a loss of approximately $7.2 million relating to the disposal of certain property and equipment.

We recognized a net gain of $2.6 million and net loss of $5.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we recognized a non-cash gain on the exchange of wireless licenses of $20.5 million. Offsetting this gain were losses recognized on the disposal of certain of our property and equipment during the year.

Non-Operating Items

The following tables summarize non-operating data for our consolidated operations (in thousands):

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2012
 
2011
 
Change
Equity in net income (loss) of investees, net
$
(464
)
 
$
2,984

 
$
(3,448
)
Interest income
194

 
245

 
(51
)
Interest expense
(268,232
)
 
(256,175
)
 
(12,057
)
Other expense, net

 
(2
)
 
2

Loss on extinguishment of debt
(18,634
)
 

 
(18,634
)
Income tax expense
(57,904
)
 
(39,377
)
 
(18,527
)



48



 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Equity in net income of investees, net
$
2,984

 
$
1,912

 
$
1,072

Interest income
245

 
1,010

 
(765
)
Interest expense
(256,175
)
 
(243,377
)
 
(12,798
)
Other income (expense), net
(2
)
 
3,209

 
(3,211
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt

 
(54,558
)
 
54,558

Income tax expense
(39,377
)
 
(42,513
)
 
3,136


Equity in Net Income (Loss) of Investees, Net

Equity in net income (loss) of investees, net reflects our share of net income or losses of regional wireless service providers in which we hold investments.

Interest Income

Interest income decreased $0.1 million and $0.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods of the prior year. These decreases were primarily attributable to declines in interest rates from the corresponding periods of the prior year.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $12.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the prior year. The increase in interest expense resulted primarily from our issuance of $400 million of additional 7.75% senior notes due 2020 in May 2011, as well as interest related to our entry into additional capital leases.

Interest expense increased $12.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year. The increase in interest expense resulted primarily from our issuance of $400 million of additional 7.75% senior notes due 2020 in May 2011. This increase was partially offset by the repurchase and redemption of all of our $1,100 million of 9.375% senior notes due 2014 using proceeds from our issuance of $1,200 million of 7.75% senior notes due 2020 in November 2010.

Other Income (Loss), Net

During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, we recognized immaterial losses on the sale of certain of our investments in asset-backed commercial paper. During the year ended December 31, 2010, we recognized a gain of $3.2 million on the sale of certain of our investments in asset-backed commercial paper.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

On October 10, 2012, in connection with our entry into the Credit Agreement, we issued a notice of redemption to redeem all of our 10% unsecured senior notes due 2015 in accordance with the optional redemption provisions governing the notes at a redemption price of 105% of the principal amount of outstanding notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. On November 9, 2012, we completed the redemption for a total cash payment of $324.5 million and the indenture governing the notes was satisfied and discharged in accordance with its terms. As a result of this redemption, we recognized a $18.6 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2012, which was comprised of $15.0 million in redemption premium, $3.5 million in unamortized debt issuance costs and $0.1 million in professional fees.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, we did not have any extinguishment of debt.

In connection with our issuance of $1,200 million of 7.75% senior notes due 2020 in November 2010, we repurchased and redeemed all of our outstanding $1,100 million in aggregate principal amount of 9.375% senior notes due 2014 through a tender offer and redemption, respectively, and the indenture governing such senior notes was satisfied and discharged in accordance with its terms. As a result, we recognized a $54.5 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2010, which was comprised of $46.6 million in tender offer consideration (including $18.3 million in consent payments), $8.6 million


49



in redemption premium, $1.1 million in dealer manager fees, $10.7 million in unamortized debt issuance costs and $0.2 million in related professional fees, net of $12.7 million in unamortized premium.
  
Income Tax Expense

During the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded income tax expense of $57.9 million compared to income tax expense of $39.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The $18.5 million increase in income tax expense was primarily due to a $2.5 million increase in tax expense associated with the amortization of wireless licenses, a $5.7 million increase in tax expense from the deferred tax effects of our investment in STX Wireless, and a nonrecurring $19.9 million increase of tax expense associated with the reversal of deferred tax liabilities related to our wireless licenses, partially offset by a nonrecurring $9.5 million net tax benefit associated with the reversal of deferred tax liabilities related to our investment in Savary Island. Both nonrecurring items were primarily associated with the spectrum transactions that were consummated with Verizon Wireless in August 2012 and with T-Mobile in October 2012.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, we recorded income tax expense of $39.4 million compared to income tax expense of $42.5 million recognized in the corresponding period of the prior year. The decrease in income tax expense during the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the prior year period was primarily due to a $23.3 million decrease in income tax expense due to the deferred tax effects of our joint venture investments, offset in part by a net $6.3 million increase in the current year associated with both the amortization of wireless licenses and the deferred tax effects of license exchange transactions entered into with T-Mobile. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2010, we recorded a $15.5 million income tax benefit in connection with the impairment of our goodwill.

Unrestricted Subsidiaries

In July 2011, Leap's board of directors designated Cricket Music Holdco, LLC (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cricket, or Cricket Music) and Cricket Music's wholly-owned subsidiary Muve USA, LLC, or Muve USA, as "Unrestricted Subsidiaries" under the indentures governing our senior notes. Cricket Music, Muve USA and their subsidiaries are also designated as "Unrestricted Subsidiaries" under the Credit Agreement. Cricket Music and Muve USA hold certain hardware, software and intellectual property relating to our Muve Music service. During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, Cricket Music and Muve USA had no operations or revenues. Therefore, the most significant components of the financial position and results of operations of our unrestricted subsidiaries were property and equipment and depreciation expense. As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, property and equipment of our unrestricted subsidiaries was approximately $4.9 million and $9.4 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, depreciation expense of our unrestricted subsidiaries was approximately $4.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively, resulting in a net loss of approximately $4.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

The following financial information reflects all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of our results of operations for the interim periods presented (in thousands, except per share data):

 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31, 2012
 
June 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2012
Revenues
 
$
825,619

 
$
786,772

 
$
773,972

 
$
755,978

Operating income (loss)
 
(15,803
)
 
31,589

 
81,409

 
60,568

Net income (loss)
 
(94,334
)
 
(45,987
)
 
26,868

 
(73,824
)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
 
(98,439
)
 
(41,590
)
 
25,015

 
(74,278
)
Basic income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders
 
(1.28
)
 
(0.54
)
 
0.32

 
(0.96
)
Diluted income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders
 
(1.28
)
 
(0.54
)
 
0.32

 
(0.96
)



50



 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31, 2011
 
June 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2011
Revenues
 
$
779,914

 
$
760,538

 
$
763,279

 
$
767,400

Operating income (loss)
 
(18,110
)
 
12,337

 
(16,053
)
 
(3,526
)
Net loss
 
(86,440
)
 
(58,442
)
 
(94,125
)
 
(78,670
)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
 
(96,211
)
 
(65,211
)
 
(68,830
)
 
(84,375
)
Basic loss per share attributable to common stockholders
 
(1.26
)
 
(0.85
)
 
(0.90
)
 
(1.10
)
Diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders
 
(1.26
)
 
(0.85
)
 
(0.90
)
 
(1.10
)

Quarterly Results of Operations Data (Unaudited)

The following table presents our unaudited condensed consolidated quarterly statement of operations data for 2012, which has been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (in thousands):

 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31, 2012
 
June 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2012
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service revenues
 
$
773,998

 
$
751,285

 
$
722,022

 
$
700,152

Equipment revenues
 
51,621

 
35,487

 
51,950

 
55,826

Total revenues
 
825,619

 
786,772

 
773,972

 
755,978

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of service (exclusive of items shown separately below)
 
261,311

 
256,555

 
266,401

 
249,900

Cost of equipment
 
247,847

 
171,673

 
203,846

 
192,860

Selling and marketing
 
95,554

 
77,247

 
88,111

 
89,058

General and administrative
 
89,699

 
94,892

 
85,997

 
78,346

Depreciation and amortization
 
146,543

 
154,483

 
161,821

 
162,749

Impairments and other charges
 

 

 
14,753

 
24,646

Total operating expenses
 
840,954

 
754,850

 
820,929

 
797,559

Gain (loss) on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net
 
(468
)
 
(333
)
 
128,366

 
102,149

Operating income (loss)
 
(15,803
)
 
31,589

 
81,409

 
60,568

Equity in net income (loss) of investees, net
 
193

 
(59
)
 
(203
)
 
(395
)
Interest income
 
29

 
28

 
62

 
75

Interest expense
 
(67,042
)
 
(66,983
)
 
(67,308
)
 
(66,899
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt
 

 

 

 
(18,634
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
 
(82,623
)
 
(35,425
)
 
13,960

 
(25,285
)
Income tax (expense) benefit
 
(11,711
)
 
(10,562
)
 
12,908

 
(48,539
)
Net income (loss)
 
(94,334
)
 
(45,987
)
 
26,868

 
(73,824
)
Accretion of redeemable non-controlling interests, net of tax
 
(4,105
)
 
4,397

 
(1,853
)
 
(454
)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
 
$
(98,439
)
 
$
(41,590
)
 
$
25,015

 
$
(74,278
)



51



Performance Measures

In managing our business and assessing our financial performance, management supplements the information provided by financial statement measures with several customer-focused performance metrics that are widely used in the telecommunications industry. These metrics include ARPU, which measures average service revenue per customer; CPGA, which measures the average cost of acquiring a new customer; cash costs per user per month, or CCU, which measures the non-selling cash cost of operating our business on a per customer basis; churn, which measures turnover in our customer base; and adjusted operating income before depreciation and amortization, or OIBDA, which measures operating performance. ARPU, CPGA, CCU and adjusted OIBDA are non-GAAP financial measures. A non-GAAP financial measure, within the meaning of Item 10 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC, is a numerical measure of a company's financial performance or cash flows that (a) excludes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding amounts, which are included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of comprehensive income or consolidated statements of cash flows; or (b) includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of including amounts, which are excluded from the most directly comparable measure so calculated and presented. See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for a reconciliation of ARPU, CPGA, CCU and adjusted OIBDA to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

ARPU is service revenues, less pass-through regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes, divided by the weighted-average number of customers, divided by the number of months during the period being measured. Management uses ARPU to identify average revenue per customer, to track changes in average customer revenues over time, to help evaluate how changes in our business, including changes in our service offerings, affect average revenue per customer, and to forecast future service revenue. In addition, ARPU provides management with a useful measure to compare our subscriber revenue to that of other wireless communications providers. Our customers are generally disconnected from service after a specified period following their failure to either pay a monthly bill or replenish, or "top-up," their account. Because our calculation of weighted-average number of customers includes customers who are not currently paying for service but who have not yet been disconnected from service because they have not paid their last bill or have not replenished their account, ARPU may appear lower during periods in which we have significant disconnect activity. We believe investors use ARPU primarily as a tool to track changes in our average revenue per customer and to compare our per customer service revenues to those of other wireless communications providers. Other companies may calculate this measure differently.

CPGA is selling and marketing costs (excluding applicable share-based compensation expense or benefit included in selling and marketing expense), and equipment subsidy (generally defined as cost of equipment less equipment revenue), less the net loss on equipment transactions and third-party commissions unrelated to customer acquisition, divided by the total number of gross new customer additions during the period being measured. The net loss on equipment transactions unrelated to customer acquisition includes the revenues and costs associated with the sale of wireless devices to existing customers as well as costs associated with device replacements and repairs (other than warranty costs, which are the responsibility of the device manufacturers). Third-party commissions unrelated to customer acquisition are commissions paid to third parties for certain activities related to the continuing service of customers. We deduct customers who do not pay the first bill they receive following initial activation from our gross customer additions in the month in which they are disconnected, which tends to increase CPGA because we incur the costs associated with a new customer without receiving the benefit of a gross customer addition. Management uses CPGA to measure the efficiency of our customer acquisition efforts, to track changes in our average cost of acquiring new subscribers over time, and to help evaluate how changes in our sales and distribution strategies affect the cost-efficiency of our customer acquisition efforts. In addition, CPGA provides management with a useful measure to compare our per customer acquisition costs with those of other wireless communications providers. We believe investors use CPGA primarily as a tool to track changes in our average cost of acquiring new customers and to compare our per customer acquisition costs to those of other wireless communications providers. Other companies may calculate this measure differently.

CCU is cost of service and general and administrative costs (excluding applicable share-based compensation expense or benefit included in cost of service and general and administrative expense) plus net loss on equipment transactions and third-party commissions unrelated to customer acquisition (which includes the gain or loss on the sale of devices to existing customers, costs associated with device replacements and repairs (other than warranty costs which are the responsibility of the device manufacturers) and commissions paid to third parties for certain activities related to the continuing service of customers), less pass-through regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes, divided by the weighted-average number of customers, divided by the number of months during the period being measured. CCU does not include any depreciation and amortization expense. Management uses CCU as a tool to evaluate the non-selling cash expenses associated with ongoing business operations on a per customer basis, to track changes in these non-selling cash costs over time, and to help evaluate how changes in our business operations affect non-


52



selling cash costs per customer. In addition, CCU provides management with a useful measure to compare our non-selling cash costs per customer with those of other wireless communications providers. We believe investors use CCU primarily as a tool to track changes in our non-selling cash costs over time and to compare our non-selling cash costs to those of other wireless communications providers. Other companies may calculate this measure differently.

Churn, which measures customer turnover, is calculated as the net number of customers that disconnect from our service divided by the weighted-average number of customers divided by the number of months during the period being measured. Customers who do not pay the first bill they receive following initial activation are deducted from our gross customer additions in the month in which they are disconnected; as a result, these customers are not included in churn. Customers of our Cricket Wireless and Cricket Broadband service are generally disconnected from service approximately 30 days after failing to pay a monthly bill, and pay-in-advance customers who ask to terminate their service are disconnected when their paid service period ends. Cricket PAYGo customers generally have 60 days from the date they activated their account, were charged a daily or monthly access fee for service or last "topped-up" their account (whichever is later) to do so again, or they will have their account suspended for a subsequent 60-day period before being disconnected. Management uses churn to measure our retention of customers, to measure changes in customer retention over time, and to help evaluate how changes in our business affect customer retention. In addition, churn provides management with a useful measure to compare our customer turnover activity to that of other wireless communications providers. We believe investors use churn primarily as a tool to track changes in our customer retention over time and to compare our customer retention to that of other wireless communications providers. Other companies may calculate this measure differently.

Adjusted OIBDA is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as operating income (loss) before depreciation and amortization, adjusted to exclude the effects of: (gain)/loss on sale, exchange or disposal of assets, net; impairments and other charges; and share-based compensation expense or benefit. Adjusted OIBDA should not be construed as an alternative to operating income (loss) or net income (loss) as determined in accordance with GAAP, or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as determined in accordance with GAAP or as a measure of liquidity.

In a capital-intensive industry such as wireless telecommunications, management believes that adjusted OIBDA, and the associated percentage margin calculations, are meaningful measures of our operating performance. We use adjusted OIBDA as a supplemental performance measure because management believes it facilitates comparisons of our operating performance from period to period and comparisons of our operating performance to that of other companies by backing out potential differences caused by the age and book depreciation of fixed assets (affecting relative depreciation expenses) as well as the items described above for which additional adjustments were made. While depreciation and amortization are considered operating costs under GAAP, these expenses primarily represent the non-cash current period allocation of costs associated with long-lived assets acquired or constructed in prior periods. Because adjusted OIBDA facilitates internal comparisons of our historical operating performance, management also uses this metric for business planning purposes and to measure our performance relative to that of our competitors. In addition, we believe that adjusted OIBDA and similar measures are widely used by investors, financial analysts and credit rating agencies as measures of our financial performance over time and to compare our financial performance with that of other companies in our industry.

Adjusted OIBDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations include:

it does not reflect capital expenditures;
 
although it does not include depreciation and amortization, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and adjusted OIBDA does not reflect cash requirements for such replacements;
 
it does not reflect costs associated with share-based awards exchanged for employee services;
 
it does not reflect the interest expense necessary to service interest or principal payments on indebtedness;
 
it does not reflect expenses incurred for the payment of income taxes and other taxes; and
 
other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate this measure differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.
 


53



Management understands these limitations and considers adjusted OIBDA as a financial performance measure that supplements but does not replace the information provided to management by our GAAP results.

The following table shows metric information for 2012 (in thousands, except for ARPU, CPGA, CCU, and Churn):
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
 
March 31, 2012
 
June 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2012
 
ARPU
 
$
42.59

 
$
41.64

 
$
41.94

 
$
42.73

 
$
42.22

CPGA
 
$
228

 
$
296

 
$
310

 
$
363

 
$
286

CCU
 
$
24.55

 
$
22.91

 
$
24.11

 
$
24.38

 
$
23.98

Churn
 
3.3
%
 
4.4
%
 
4.8
%
 
4.6
%
 
4.3
%
Adjusted OIBDA
 
$
130,514

 
$
190,834

 
$
131,627

 
$
148,191

 
$
601,166


Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We utilize certain financial measures, as described above, that are widely used in the telecommunications industry but that are not calculated based on GAAP. Certain of these financial measures are considered "non-GAAP" financial measures within the meaning of Item 10 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC.

ARPU - The following table reconciles total service revenues used in the calculation of ARPU to service revenues, which we consider to be the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to ARPU (in thousands, except weighted-average number of customers and ARPU):
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
 
March 31, 2012
 
June 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2012
 
Service Revenues
 
$
773,998

 
$
751,285

 
$
722,022

 
$
700,152

 
$
2,947,457

Less pass-through regulatory fees and telecommunications taxes
 
(4,137
)
 
(2,678
)
 
(1,476
)
 
(1,138
)
 
(9,429
)
Total service revenues used in the calculation of ARPU
 
$
769,861

 
$
748,607

 
$
720,546

 
$
699,014

 
$
2,938,028

Weighted-average number of customers
 
6,025,427

 
5,992,047

 
5,727,212

 
5,453,288

 
5,799,493

ARPU
 
$
42.59

 
$
41.64

 
$
41.94

 
$
42.73

 
$
42.22























54



CPGA - The following table reconciles total costs used in the calculation of CPGA to selling and marketing expense, which we consider to be the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to CPGA (in thousands, except gross customer additions and CPGA):
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
 
March 31, 2012
 
June 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2012
 
Selling and marketing expense
 
$
95,554

 
$
77,247

 
$
88,111

 
$
89,058

 
$
349,970

Less share-based compensation (expense) benefit included in selling and marketing expense
 
(23
)
 
(616
)
 
300

 
317

 
(22
)
Plus cost of equipment
 
247,847

 
171,673

 
203,846

 
192,860

 
816,226

Less equipment revenue
 
(51,621
)
 
(35,487
)
 
(51,950
)
 
(55,826
)
 
(194,884
)
Less net loss on equipment transactions and third-party commissions unrelated to customer acquisition
 
(96,097
)
 
(66,932
)
 
(65,611
)
 
(74,402
)
 
(303,042
)
Total costs used in the calculation of CPGA
 
$
195,660

 
$
145,885

 
$
174,696

 
$
152,007

 
$
668,248

Gross customer additions